DOCSLIB.ORG

2012 Update of the Scientific Data Underpinning the UNEP/CMS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2012 Update of the Scientific Data Underpinning the UNEP/CMS 2012 Update of the scientific data underpinning the UNEP/CMS Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia (Raptors MoU) BirdLife International October 2012 1 2012 Update of the scientific data underpinning the UNEP/CMS Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia (Raptors MoU) October 2012 Prepared by Tris Allinson (Science & Information Management Officer, BirdLife International) Vicky Jones (Global Flyways Officer, BirdLife International) BirdLife International Wellbrook Court Girton Road Cambridge CB3 0NA UNITED KINGDOM T: +44 (0)1223 277 318 F: +44 (0)1223 277 200 E: birdlife @ birdlife.org Reviewed by Ibrahim Alhasani (Flyway Officer, Middle East, BirdLife International) Stuart Butchart (Global Research & Indicators Coordinator, BirdLife International) Lincoln Fishpool (Global IBA Coordinator, BirdLife International) Richard Grimmett (Director of Conservation, BirdLife International) Alison Stattersfield (Head of Science, BirdLife International) Nick P. Williams (Programme Officer Birds of Prey – Raptors, UNEP CMS) Additional contributions provided by Osama Alnouri (RFF Coordinator, Middle East, BirdLife International) Leon Bennun (Director of Science, Policy and Information Management, BirdLife International and CMS Appointed Councillor (Birds) Nicola J. Crockford (International Species Policy Officer, RSPB) George Eshiamwata (Flyway Officer, Africa, BirdLife International) Melanie Heath (Head of Policy, BirdLife International) Marcus Kohler (Senior Programme Manager, Flyways Programme, BirdLife International) Recommended citation: BirdLife International (2012) 2012 Update of the scientific data underpinning the UNEP/CMS Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia (Raptors MoU). Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. Cover image: Egyptian Vulture © Vladimir Melnik/Dreamstime.com 2 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Overview of update task ............................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Geographic coverage .................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Species coverage ........................................................................................................................... 5 2. MoU SPECIES ....................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Potential updates to the species list—Annex 1 of the MoU ......................................................... 6 2.2 Habitats used by African-Eurasian migratory Birds of Prey .......................................................... 8 2.3 Conservation status of African-Eurasian migratory Birds of Prey................................................. 9 2.4 Threats to proposed Category 1 species ..................................................................................... 12 2.5 Conservation measures needed for proposed Category 1 species ............................................ 13 3. MoU SITES ......................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Background to the indicative site list (Table 3 of the MoU) ....................................................... 14 3.2 Potential update to the indicative site list (Table 3 of the MoU) ............................................... 17 3.3 Condition of proposed MoU sites (listed on Annex 3 of report) ................................................ 20 3.4 Threats to sites important for migratory raptors ....................................................................... 22 4. MOU REVIEW .................................................................................................................................... 24 4.1 Possible tasks for consideration by a future Technical Advisory Group ..................................... 24 4.2 Updating and expanding the scientific information ................................................................... 25 References ............................................................................................................................................ 28 Annex 1. African-Eurasian migratory Birds of Prey—update to the MoU Annex 1 .............................. 30 Annex 2. Range States and territories .................................................................................................. 31 Annex 3. Update to Table 3 of the MoU: Important Bird Areas (IBAs) triggered by Annex 1 species . 32 Annex 4. Sites listed on the original MoU Table 3 that no longer qualify for inclusion ....................... 91 Annex 5. Range states and territories that do not currently have any IBAs triggered by Annex 1 species. .................................................................................................................................................. 91 Annex 6. Proposed Annex 1 species within each Range State ............................................................. 91 Annex 7. Country occurrence of proposed Annex 1 species .............................................................. 102 Annex 8a. MoU Annex 1 species that may not be fully migratory ..................................................... 109 Annex 8b. Species not currently listed on Annex 1 of this report for which there is some evidence of migratory behaviour ........................................................................................................................... 109 Annex 8c. Non-European species considered by previous expert review to have an unfavourable conservation status in Asia, the Middle East or Africa ....................................................................... 109 Annex 8d. Globally declining Category 3 species ................................................................................ 109 Annex 9: Threats to proposed Category 1 species globally ................................................................ 110 3 Annex 10. Methodology for calculating the Red List Index (RLI). ....................................................... 111 4 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview of update task BirdLife International was requested by the Interim Coordinating Unit of the UNEP/CMS Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Birds of Prey in Africa and Eurasia (Raptors MoU) to provide an update of the scientific information underpinning the MoU for consideration by the Signatories. Seven years have passed since the initial scientific analysis was completed (Tucker 2005) and it was considered important that the Signatories have access to the latest available information to support their work at the 1st Meeting of the Signatories in December 2012 and going forward. This review uses BirdLife International’s data which are held in the IUCN Species Information Service (SIS) and BirdLife’s World Bird Database (WBDB), including detailed information on the world’s avifauna and the sites important for their conservation. These databases are regularly updated and revised through processes coordinated by BirdLife International. The analyses in this review are based upon the updated species and site lists proposed in this report. The data included were accessed from the BirdLife databases between June and October 2012. 1.2 Geographic coverage The Raptors MoU is intended to promote the conservation of migratory ‘Birds of Prey’ in the Range States and territories of Africa and Eurasia. This review follows the geographical area defined in Annex 2 of the MoU, which includes all Afrotropical and Palearctic countries and territories, and Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The only political change since the Raptors MoU came into force is the creation of South Sudan, which became an independent state in 2011. South Sudan is therefore included in the proposed update to MoU Annex 2 (Annex 2 to this report). 1.3 Species coverage The MoU is intended to promote the conservation of migratory Birds of Prey in the African-Eurasian region and this is interpreted in the text of the MoU as meaning migratory Falconiformes and Strigiformes species occurring in Africa and Eurasia, listed in Annex 1 of the MoU. Taxonomy and nomenclature The Raptors MoU follows the taxonomy, scientific nomenclature and English names used by BirdLife International and Annex 1 of the MoU was based upon the BirdLife taxonomy at that time. By maintaining its own taxonomic checklist of the world's bird species, BirdLife is able to ensure a globally consistent taxonomic standard relevant to its role as the official IUCN Red List Authority for birds. The BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group (BTWG) ensures that the BirdLife taxonomic checklist evolves in a structured, documented, transparent and defensible way. The current checklist is available at www.birdlife.org/datazone/info/taxonomy. It should be noted that the general use of BirdLife taxonomy by the MoU does not of course preclude Signatories to the MoU from agreeing deviations from it where considered desirable (however, the BirdLife databases, and the analyses possible based upon them, only contain associated data for those entities recognised as species by the BTWG). Definition of migratory species
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Benin 2019 - 2020
    BENIN 2019 - 2020 West African Savannah Buffalo Western Roan Antelope For more than twenty years, we have been organizing big game safaris in the north of the country on the edge of the Pendjari National Park, in the Porga hunting zone. The hunt is physically demanding and requires hunters to be in good physical condition. It is primary focused on hunting Roan Antelopes, West Savannah African Buffaloes, Western Kobs, Nagor Reedbucks, Western Hartebeests… We shoot one good Lion every year, hunted only by tracking. Baiting is not permitted. Accommodation is provided in a very confortable tented camp offering a spectacular view on the bush.. Hunting season: from the beginning of January to mid-May. - 6 days safari: each hunter can harvest 1 West African Savannah Buffalo, 1 Roan Antelope or 1 Western Hartebeest, 1 Nagor Reedbuck or 1 Western Kob, 1 Western Bush Duiker, 1 Red Flanked Duiker, 1 Oribi, 1 Harnessed Bushbuck, 1 Warthog and 1 Baboon. - 13 and 20 days safari: each hunter can harvest 1 Lion (if available at the quota), 1 West African Savannah Buffalo, 1 Roan Antelope, 1 Sing Sing Waterbuck, 1 Hippopotamus, 1 Western Hartebeest, 1 Nagor Reedbuck, 1 Western Kob, 1 Western Bush Duiker, 1 Red Flanked Duiker, 1 Oribi, 1 Harnessed Bushbuck, 1 Warthog and 1 Baboon. Prices in USD: Price of the safari per person 6 hunting days 13 hunting days 20 hunting days 2 Hunters x 1 Guide 8,000 16,000 25,000 1 Hunter x 1 Guide 11,000 24,000 36,000 Observer 3,000 4,000 5,000 The price of the safari includes: - Meet and greet plus assistance at Cotonou airport (Benin), - Transfer from Cotonou to the hunting area and back by car, - The organizing of your safari with 4x4 vehicles, professional hunters, trackers, porters, skinners, - Full board accommodation and drinks at the hunting camp.
    [Show full text]
  • Îles Grecques – Les Cyclades Et Athènes
    Îles grecques Les Cyclades et Athènes Y VOIR L’ESSENTIEL M VIVRE LE MEILLEUR Marathonas Elefsina (Éleusis) ATHÈNES Megara p.46 Rafina Karistos Pireas (Le Pirée) SALAMINA + ANDROS ATHÈNES AU QUOTIDIEN / Gavrio L’ACROPOLE / Andros MUSÉE ARCHÉOLOGIQUE NATIONAL MAKRONISSI Egina G OLFE SA RONIQ Lavrio ANGISTRI UE KEA Korissia GIAROS Methana CAP Ioulida SOUNION P Poros É LO PO N POROS NÈ Ermo SE Merichas SYROS+ Hydra DOKOS KYTHNOS M SERFOPOULA E R D SERIFOS E Livadi M Y R T ANTIPAR O Kamares Apollonia CYCLADES OCCIDENTALES +SIFNOS DESPOTIK VELOPOULA p.164 KIMOLOS FALKONERA ANTIMILOS Plaka POLIEGOS Adamas MILOS Folegandros FOLEGANDROS+Karavosta TURQUIE E OP LES CYCLADES EUR ET ATHÈNES IRA GRÈCE ASIE AFRIQUE M E R É G É Gavrio ANDROS E Andros CYCLADES SEPTENTRIONALES p.98 GIAROS +TINOS IKARIA Tinos Mykonos Ermoupoli + SYROS+ MYKONOS RINIA + DELOS LA Naxos DONOUSSA Parikia + ANTIPAROS NAXOS s KINAROS Apollonia KOUFONISSIA +SIFNOS PAROS KEROS DESPOTIKO +AMORGOS IRAKLIA Katapola Amorgos SCHINOUSSA LIEGOS SIKINOS IOS Ios Kastro Alopronia Folegandros ANUDROS ANDROS+Karavostassis ASTIPALEA CYCLADES ORIENTALES p.206 Oia FIRASSIA ANAFI Fira + Anafi SANTORIN CHRISTIANI N 25 km Îles grecques Les Cyclades et Athènes BIENVENUE DANS LES… es maisons chaulées de blanc dégringolant d’une colline, vers une mer d’un bleu aussi D intense que l’azur du ciel… Voici l’image éternelle des Cyclades, archipel aux 250 îles de toutes tailles disséminées dans la mer Égée. Chacune pourrait être une perle d’un komboloï, ce chapelet grec dont le nœud de fixation serait Athènes, la capitale, berceau culturel de l’Europe, sur laquelle veille la silhouette mythique de l’Acropole.
    [Show full text]
  • (Selido Œ§Œüœúœüœ£ 4
    Δελτίο της Ελληνικής Γεωλογικής Εταιρίας, 2010 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2010 Πρακτικά 12ου Διεθνούς Συνεδρίου Proceedings of the 12th International Congress Πάτρα, Μάιος 2010 Patras, May, 2010 GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF THE AG. PARASKEVI/TEMPI VALLEY KARSTIC SPRINGS - APPLICATION OF A TRACING TEST FOR RESEARCH OF THE MICROBIAL POLLUTIO (KATO OLYMPOS/NE THESSALY) Stamatis G. Agricultural University of Athens, Institute of Mineralogy-Geology, Iera Odos 75, GR-118 55 Athens, [email protected] . Abstract The study of the Kato Olympos karst system, based on the implementation of tracer tests and hydro- chemical analyses, is aimed at the investigation of surface-groundwater interaction, the delineation of the catchment area and the detection of the surface microbial source contamination of the Tempi karst springs. The study area is formed by intensively karstified carbonate rocks, metamorphic for- mations, Neogene sediments and Quaternary deposits. The significant karst aquifer discharges through karst springs in Tempi valley and in Pinios riverbed. The karst springs present important seasonal fluctuations in discharge rate, moderate mineralization with TDS between 562 to 630 mg/l + + - - and they belong to Ca-HCO3 water type. The inorganic pollution indicators, such as Na , K , Cl , NO3 + 3 , NH4 , PO4 , show low concentrations and do not reveal any surface influences. On the other hand, the presence of microbial parameters in karst springs proclaims the high rate of microbial contami- nation of karst aquifer. Tracer tests reveal hydraulic connection between the surface waters of Xirorema – Rapsani basin and the karst aquifer. The high values of groundwater flow velocity upwards of 200 m/h, show the good karstification rate of the carbonate formations and the cavy structure dom- inated in the study area, as well as the low self purification capability of the karst aquifer.
    [Show full text]
  • DESERTMED a Project About the Deserted Islands of the Mediterranean
    DESERTMED A project about the deserted islands of the Mediterranean The islands, and all the more so the deserted island, is an extremely poor or weak notion from the point of view of geography. This is to it’s credit. The range of islands has no objective unity, and deserted islands have even less. The deserted island may indeed have extremely poor soil. Deserted, the is- land may be a desert, but not necessarily. The real desert is uninhabited only insofar as it presents no conditions that by rights would make life possible, weather vegetable, animal, or human. On the contrary, the lack of inhabitants on the deserted island is a pure fact due to the circumstance, in other words, the island’s surroundings. The island is what the sea surrounds. What is de- serted is the ocean around it. It is by virtue of circumstance, for other reasons that the principle on which the island depends, that the ships pass in the distance and never come ashore.“ (from: Gilles Deleuze, Desert Island and Other Texts, Semiotext(e),Los Angeles, 2004) DESERTMED A project about the deserted islands of the Mediterranean Desertmed is an ongoing interdisciplina- land use, according to which the islands ry research project. The “blind spots” on can be divided into various groups or the European map serve as its subject typologies —although the distinctions are matter: approximately 300 uninhabited is- fluid. lands in the Mediterranean Sea. A group of artists, architects, writers and theoreti- cians traveled to forty of these often hard to reach islands in search of clues, impar- tially cataloguing information that can be interpreted in multiple ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Transhumant Pastoralism in Africa's Sudano-Sahel
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Transhumant Pastoralism in Africa’s Sudano-Sahel The interface of conservation, security, and development Mbororo pastoralists illegally grazing cattle in Garamba National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Credit: Naftali Honig/African Parks Africa’s Sudano-Sahel is a distinct bioclimatic and ecological zone made up of savanna and savanna-forest transition Program Priorities habitat that covers approximately 7.7 million square kilometers of the continent. Rich in species diversity, the • Increased data gathering and assessment of core Sudano-Sahel region represents one of the last remaining natural resource assets across the Sudano-Sahel region. intact wilderness areas in the world, and is a high priority • Efficient data-sharing, analysis, and dissemination for wildlife conservation. It is home to an array of antelope between relevant stakeholders spanning conservation, species such as giant eland and greater kudu, in addition to security, and development sectors, and in collaboration African wild dog, Kordofan giraffe, African elephant, African with rural agriculturalists and pastoralists. lion, leopard, and giant pangolin. • Enhancement and promotion of multi-level This region is also home to many rural communities who rely governance approaches to resolve conflict and stabilize on the landscape’s natural resources, including pastoralists, transhumance corridors. whose livelihoods and cultural identity are centered around • Continuation and expansion of strategic investments in strategic mobility to access seasonally available grazing the network of priority protected areas and their buffer resources and water. Instability, climate change, and zones across the Sudano-Sahel, in order to improve increasing pressures from unsustainable land use activities security for both wildlife and surrounding communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Registration Certificate
    1 The following information has been supplied by the Greek Aliens Bureau: It is obligatory for all EU nationals to apply for a “Registration Certificate” (Veveosi Engrafis - Βεβαίωση Εγγραφής) after they have spent 3 months in Greece (Directive 2004/38/EC).This requirement also applies to UK nationals during the transition period. This certificate is open- dated. You only need to renew it if your circumstances change e.g. if you had registered as unemployed and you have now found employment. Below we outline some of the required documents for the most common cases. Please refer to the local Police Authorities for information on the regulations for freelancers, domestic employment and students. You should submit your application and required documents at your local Aliens Police (Tmima Allodapon – Τμήμα Αλλοδαπών, for addresses, contact telephone and opening hours see end); if you live outside Athens go to the local police station closest to your residence. In all cases, original documents and photocopies are required. You should approach the Greek Authorities for detailed information on the documents required or further clarification. Please note that some authorities work by appointment and will request that you book an appointment in advance. Required documents in the case of a working person: 1. Valid passport. 2. Two (2) photos. 3. Applicant’s proof of address [a document containing both the applicant’s name and address e.g. photocopy of the house lease, public utility bill (DEH, OTE, EYDAP) or statement from Tax Office (Tax Return)]. If unavailable please see the requirements for hospitality. 4. Photocopy of employment contract.
    [Show full text]
  • The Land Snails of Lichadonisia Islets (Greece)
    Ecologica Montenegrina 39: 59-68 (2021) This journal is available online at: www.biotaxa.org/em http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.39.6 The land snails of Lichadonisia islets (Greece) GALATEA GOUDELI1*, ARISTEIDIS PARMAKELIS1, KONSTANTINOS PROIOS1, IOANNIS ANASTASIOU2, CANELLA RADEA1, PANAYIOTIS PAFILIS2, 3 & KOSTAS A. TRIANTIS1,4* 1Section of Ecology and Taxonomy, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15784 Athens, Greece Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2Section of Zoology and Marine Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15784 Athens, Greece Emails: [email protected]; [email protected] 3Zoological Museum, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece 4Natural Environment and Climate Change Agency, Villa Kazouli, 14561 Athens, Greece *Corresponding authors Received 12 January 2021 │ Accepted by V. Pešić: 30 January 2021 │ Published online 8 February 2021. Abstract The Lichadonisia island group is located between Maliakos and the North Evian Gulf, in central Greece. Lichadonisia is one of the few volcanic island groups of Greece, consisting mainly of lava flows. Today the islands are uninhabited with high numbers of visitors, but permanent population existed for many decades in the past. Herein, we present for the first time the land snail fauna of the islets and we compare their species richness with islands of similar size across the Aegean Sea. This group of small islands, provides a typical example on how human activities in the current geological era, i.e., the Anthropocene, alter the natural communities and differentiate biogeographical patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • Bonelli's Eagle and Bull Jumpers: Nature and Culture of Crete
    Crete April 2016 Bonelli’s Eagle and Bull Jumpers: Nature and Culture of Crete April 9 - 19, 2016 With Elissa Landre Photo of Chukar by Elissa Landre With a temperate climate, Crete is more pristine than the mainland Greece and has a culture all its own. Crete was once the center of the Minoan civilization (c. 2700–1420 BC), regarded as the earliest recorded civilization in Europe. In addition to birding, we will explore several famous archeological sites, including Knossos and ancient Phaistos, the most important centers of Minoan times. Crete’s landscape is very special: defined by high mountain ranges, deep valleys, fertile plateaus, and caves (including the mythological birthplace of the ancient Greek god, Zeus) Rivers have cut deep, exceptionally beautiful gorges that create a rich presence of geological wealth and have been explored for their aromatic and medicinal plants since Minoan times. Populations of choughs, Griffon Vultures, Lammergeiers, and swifts nest on the steep cliffs. A fantastic variety of birds and plants are found on Crete: not only its resident bird species, which are numerous and include rare and endangered birds, but also the migrants who stop over on Crete during their journeys to and from Africa and Europe. The isolation of Crete from mainland Europe, Asia, and Africa is reflected in the diversity of habitats, flora, and avifauna. The richness of the surroundings results in an impressive bird species list and often unexpected surprises. For example, last year a Blue- cheeked Bee-eater, usually only seen in northern Africa and the Middle East, was spotted. Join us for this unusual and very special trip.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region
    Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region 68 Central Asia Atlas of Natural Resources ater has long been the fundamental helped the region flourish; on the other, water, concern of Central Asia’s air, land, and biodiversity have been degraded. peoples. Few parts of the region are naturally water endowed, In this chapter, major river basins, inland seas, Wand it is unevenly distributed geographically. lakes, and reservoirs of Central Asia are presented. This scarcity has caused people to adapt in both The substantial economic and ecological benefits positive and negative ways. Vast power projects they provide are described, along with the threats and irrigation schemes have diverted most of facing them—and consequently the threats the water flow, transforming terrain, ecology, facing the economies and ecology of the country and even climate. On the one hand, powerful themselves—as a result of human activities. electrical grids and rich agricultural areas have The Amu Darya River in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, with a canal (left) taking water to irrigate cotton fields.Upper right: Irrigation lifeline, Dostyk main canal in Makktaaral Rayon in South Kasakhstan Oblast, Kazakhstan. Lower right: The Charyn River in the Balkhash Lake basin, Kazakhstan. Water Resources 69 55°0'E 75°0'E 70 1:10 000 000 Central AsiaAtlas ofNaturalResources Major River Basins in Central Asia 200100 0 200 N Kilometers RUSSIAN FEDERATION 50°0'N Irty sh im 50°0'N Ish ASTANA N ura a b m Lake Zaisan E U r a KAZAKHSTAN l u s y r a S Lake Balkhash PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC Ili OF CHINA Chui Aral Sea National capital 1 International boundary S y r D a r Rivers and canals y a River basins Lake Caspian Sea BISHKEK Issyk-Kul Amu Darya UZBEKISTAN Balkhash-Alakol 40°0'N ryn KYRGYZ Na Ob-Irtysh TASHKENT REPUBLIC Syr Darya 40°0'N Ural 1 Chui-Talas AZERBAIJAN 2 Zarafshan TURKMENISTAN 2 Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.
    [Show full text]
  • Investor's Atlas 2006
    INVESTOR’S ATLAS 2006 Investor’s ATLAS Contents Akmola Region ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Aktobe Region .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Almaty Region ............................................................................................................................................................ 12 Atyrau Region .............................................................................................................................................................. 17 Eastern Kazakhstan Region............................................................................................................................................. 20 Karaganda Region ........................................................................................................................................................ 24 Kostanai Region ........................................................................................................................................................... 28 Kyzylorda Region .......................................................................................................................................................... 31 Mangistau Region ........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • SIS) – 2017 Version
    Information Sheet on EAA Flyway Network Sites Information Sheet on EAA Flyway Network Sites (SIS) – 2017 version Available for download from http://www.eaaflyway.net/about/the-flyway/flyway-site-network/ Categories approved by Second Meeting of the Partners of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership in Beijing, China 13-14 November 2007 - Report (Minutes) Agenda Item 3.13 Notes for compilers: 1. The management body intending to nominate a site for inclusion in the East Asian - Australasian Flyway Site Network is requested to complete a Site Information Sheet. The Site Information Sheet will provide the basic information of the site and detail how the site meets the criteria for inclusion in the Flyway Site Network. When there is a new nomination or an SIS update, the following sections with an asterisk (*), from Questions 1-14 and Question 30, must be filled or updated at least so that it can justify the international importance of the habitat for migratory waterbirds. 2. The Site Information Sheet is based on the Ramsar Information Sheet. If the site proposed for the Flyway Site Network is an existing Ramsar site then the documentation process can be simplified. 3. Once completed, the Site Information Sheet (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Flyway Partnership Secretariat. Compilers should provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the Information Sheet and, where possible, digital versions (e.g. shapefile) of all maps. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • 6. Current Status of the Environment
    6. Current Status of the Environment 6.1. Natural Environment 6.1.1. Desertification Kazakhstan has more deserts within its territory than any other Central Asian country, and approximately 66% of the national land is vulnerable to desertification in various degrees. Desertification is expanding under the influence of natural and artificial factors, and some people, called “environmental refugees,” are obliged to leave their settlements due to worsened living environments. In addition, the Government of RK (Republic of Kazakhstan) issued an alarm in the “Environmental Security Concept of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2004-2015” that the crisis of desertification is not only confined to Kazakhstan but could raise problems such as border-crossing emigration caused by the rise of sandstorms as well as the transfer of pollutants to distant locations driven by large air masses. (1) Major factors for desertification Desertification is taking place due to the artificial factors listed below as well as climate, topographic and other natural factors. • Accumulated industrial wastes after extraction of mineral resources and construction of roads, pipelines and other structures • Intensive grazing of livestock (overgrazing) • Lack of farming technology • Regulated runoff to rivers • Destruction of forests 1) Extraction of mineral resources Wastes accumulated after extraction of mineral resources have serious effects on the land. Exploration for oil and natural gas requires vast areas of land reaching as much as 17 million hectares for construction of transportation systems, approximately 10 million hectares of which is reportedly suffering ecosystem degradation. 2) Overgrazing Overgrazing is the abuse of pastures by increasing numbers of livestock. In the grazing lands in mountainous areas for example, the area allocated to each sheep for grazing is 0.5 hectares, compared to the typical grazing space of 2 to 4 hectares per sheep.
    [Show full text]