136 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

Part B—Main Examination PAPER-I The main Examination is intended to assess the overall Essay : Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of rather than merely the range of their information and memory. the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact The nature and standard of questions in the General expression. Studies papers (Paper II to Paper V) will be such that a well- educated person will be able to answer them without any PAPER-II specialized study. The questions will be such as to test a General Studies-I : Indian Heritage and Culture, History and candidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which Geography of the World and Society. will have relevance for a career in Civil Services. The questions • Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, are likely to test the candidate’s basic understanding of all literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. relevant issues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on • conflicting socio-economic goals, objectives and demands. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct eighteenth century until the present- significant events, answers. personalities, issues. • The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and (Paper VI and Paper VII) for the examination is broadly of the important contributors/contributions from different honours degree 1evel i.e. a level higher than the bachelors’ parts of the country. degree and lower than the masters’ degree. In the case of • Post-independence consolidation and reorganization Engineering, Medical Science and law, the level corresponds within the country. to the bachelors’ degree. • History of the world will include events from 18th century Syllabi of the papers included in the scheme of Civil such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of Services (Main) Examination are given as follows :— national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, QUALIFYING PAPERS ON INDIAN LANGUAGES AND socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society. ENGLISH • Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India. The aim of the paper is to test the candidates's ability to • read and understand serious discursive prose, and to express Role of women and women’s organization, population his ideas clearly and correctly, in English and Indian language and associated issues, poverty and developmental concerned. issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies. • The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows : Effects of globalization on Indian society. • Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & (i) Comprehension of given passages. secularism. (ii) Precis Writing. • Salient features of world’s physical geography. (iii) Usage and Vocabulary. • Distribution of key natural resources across the world (iv) Short Essays. (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, Indian Languages :— secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts (i) comprehension of given passages. of the world (including India). (ii) Precis Writing. • Important Geophysical phenomena such as (iii) Usage and Vocabulary. earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in (iv) Short Essays. critical geographical features (including water-bodies (v) Translation from English to the Indian Language and and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of vice-versa. such changes. Note 1 : The papers on Indian Languages and English will be PAPER-III of Matriculation or equivalent standard and will be of General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social qualifying nature only. The marks obtained in these papers Justice and International relations. will not be counted for ranking. • Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, Note 2 : The candidates will have to answer the English and evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions Indian Languages papers in English and the respective Indian and basic structure. language (except where translation is involved). ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 137

• Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the PAPER-IV States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management levels and challenges therein. • Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, • Separation of powers between various organs dispute mobilization, of resources, growth, development and redressal mechanisms and institutions. employment. • Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with • Inclusive growth and issues arising from it. that of other countries. • Government Budgeting. • Parliament and State legislatures—structure, • functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the and issues arising out of these. country, - different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural • Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive produce and issues and related constraints; e- and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the technology in the aid of farmers. Government; pressure groups and formal/informal • associations and their role in the Polity. Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- • Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act. objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues • Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, of buffer stocks and food security; Technology functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional missions; economics of animal-rearing. Bodies. • Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ • Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies. and significance, location, upstream and downstream • Government policies and interventions for development requirements, supply chain management. in various sectors and issues arising out of their design • Land reforms in India. and implementation. • Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in • Development processes and the development industry industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth. —the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and • Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways associations, donors, charities, institutional and other etc. stakeholders. • Investment models. • Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the • population by the Centre and States and the performance Science and Technology- developments and their of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and applications and effects in everyday life. Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of • Achievements of Indians in science & technology; these vulnerable sections. indigenization of technology and developing new • Issues relating to development and management of technology. Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, • Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Human Resources. robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues • Issues relating to poverty and hunger. relating to intellectual property rights. • • Important aspects of governance, transparency and Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, accountability, e-governance- applications, models, environmental impact assessment. successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, • Disaster and disaster management. transparency & accountability and institutional and • Linkages between development and spread of other measures. extremism. • Role of civil services in a democracy. • Role of external state and non-state actors in creating • India and its neighborhood- relations. challenges to internal security. • Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements • Challenges to internal security through communication involving India and/or affecting India’s interests. networks, role of media and social networking sites in • Effect of policies and politics of developed and internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; developing countries on India’s interests, Indian money-laundering and its prevention. diaspora. • Security challenges and their management in border • Important International institutions, agencies and fora- areas - linkages of organized crime with terrorism. their structure, mandate. • Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate. 138 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

PAPER-V social environment as factors of crop distribution and General Studies- IV: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude production. Agro ecology; cropping pattern as indicators of environments. Environmental pollution and associated hazards This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ to crops, animals and humans. Climate change—International attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity conventions and global initiatives. Green house effect and in public life and his problem solving approach to various global warming. Advance tools for ecosystem analysis— issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine (GIS). these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered : Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of • Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and the country. Impact of high-yielding and short-duration consequences of Ethics in-human actions; dimensions varieties on shifts in cropping patterns. Concepts of various of ethics; ethics - in private and public relationships. cropping, and farming systems. Organic and Precision farming. Human Values - lessons from the lives and teachings of Package of practices for production of important cereals, pulses, great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family oil seeds, fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops. society and educational institutions in inculcating Important features, and scope of various types of values. forestry plantations such as social forestry, agro-forestry, and • Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and natural forests : Propagation of forest plants. Forest products. relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political Agro-forestry and value addition. Conservation of forest flora attitudes; social influence and persuasion. and fauna. • Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, association with various crops; their multiplications; cultural, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and biological, and chemical control of weeds. compassion towards the weaker-sections. Soil—physical, chemical and biological properties. • Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and Processes and factors of soil formation. Soils of India. Mineral application in administration and governance. and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining • Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from soil productivity. Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial India and world. elements in soils and plants. Principles of soil fertility, soil testing and fertiliser recommendations, integrated nutrient • Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public management Biofertilizers. Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen- administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in and dilemmas in government and private institutions; soils. Efficient phosphoruse and potassium use. Problem soils laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of and their reclamation. Soil factors affecting green house gas ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; emission. strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; Soil conservation, integrated watershed management. ethical issues in international relations and funding; Soil erosion and its management. Dry land agriculture and its corporate governance. problems. Technology for stabilising agriculture production • Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; in rainfed areas. Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production, Information sharing and transparency in government, criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and means of reducing Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, run-off losses of irrigation water. Rainwater harvesting. Drip Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service and sprinkler irrigation. Drainage of water-logged soils, quality delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of of irrigation water, effect of industrial effluents on soil and corruption. water pollution. Irrigation projects in India. • Case Studies on above issues. Farm management, scope, importance and PAPER-VI & PAPER VII characteristics, farm planning. Optimum resource use and Optional Subject Papers I & II budgeting. Economics of different types of farming systems. Marketing management strategies for development, market Candidate may choose any optional subject from intelligence. Price fluctuations and their cost; role of co- amongst the List of Optional Subjects given in Para 2. operatives in agricultural economy; types and systems of AGRICULTURE farming and factors affecting them. Agricultural price policy. PAPER-I Crop Insurance. Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, Agricultural extension, its importance and role, methods their sustainable management and conservation. Physical and of evaluation of extension programmes, socio-economic survey and status of big, small and marginal farmers and ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 139 landless agricultural labourers; Training programmes for importance. Classification of pests and diseases and their extension workers. Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s (KVK) in management. Intergrated pest and diseases management. dissemination of Agricultural technologies. Non-Government Storage pests and their management. Biological control of Organisation (NGO) and self-help group approach for rural pests and diseases. Epidemiology and forecasting of major development. crop pests and diseases. Plant quarantine measures. Pesticides, PAPER-II their formulation and modes of action. Cell structure, function and cell cycle. Synthesis, Food production and consumption trends in India. Food structure and function of genetic material. Laws of heredity. security and growing population—vision 2020. Reasons for Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkage and grain surplus. National and International food policies. cross-over, and their significance in recombination breeding. Production, procurement, distribution constraints. Availability Polyploidy, euploids and aneuploids. Mutation—and their of foodgtrains, per capita expenditure on food. Trends in role in crop improvement. Heritability, sterility and poverty, Public Distribution System and Below Poverty Line incompatibility, classification and their application in crop population, Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policy improvement. Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex- implementation in context to globalization. Processing influenced and sex-limited characters. constraints. Relation of food production to National Dietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern. Food based dietary History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction, approaches to eliminate hunger. Nutrient deficiency—Micro selfing and crossing techniques. Origin, evolution and nutrient deficiency : Protein Energy Malnutrition or Protein domestication of crop plants, center of origin, law of Calorie Malnutrition (PEM or PCM), Micro nutrient deficiency homologous series, crop genetic resources—conservation and HRD in context of work capacity of women and children. and utilization. Application of principles of plant breeding, Food grain productivity and food security. improvement of crop plants. Molecular markers and their application in plant improvement. Pure-line selection, pedigree, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE mass and recurrent selections, combining ability, its PAPER-I significance in plant breeding. Heterosis and its exploitation. 1. Animal Nutrition : Somatic hybridization. Breeding for disease and pest resistance. Role of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. 1.1 Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in crop and indirect calorimetry. Carbon—nitrogen balance improvement Gernetically modified crop plants. and comparative slaughter methods. Systems for expressing energy value of foods in ruminants, pigs Seed production and processing technologies. Seed and poultry. Energy requirements for maintenance, certification, Seed testing and storage. DNA finger printing growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meat and seed registration. Role of public and private sectors in production. seed production, and marketing. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues, WTO issues and its impact on Agriculture. 1.2 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy protein inter-relationships. Evaluation of protein quality. Use Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plant of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein nutrition, absorption, translocation and metabolism of requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, nutrients. Soil-water-plant relationship. lactation, egg, wool and meat production. Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesis—modern 1.3 Major and trace minerals—Their sources, concepts and factors affecting the process, aerobic and physiological functions and deficiency symptoms. anaerobic respiration; C , C and CAM mechanisms. 3 4 Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Growth and fatsoluble and water—soluble vitamins in the body, development; photoperiodism and vernalization. Plant growth their sources and deficiency symptoms. substances and their role in crop production. Physiology of seed development and germination; dormancy. Stress 1.4 Feed additives—methane inhibitors, probiotics, physiology—draught, salt and water stress. enzymes, antibiotics, hormones, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffers Major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices and etc. Use and abuse of growth promoters like flower crops. Package practices of major horticultural crops. harmones and antibiotics—latest concepts. Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture. Post-harvest technology and value addition of fruits and vegetables. 1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed Landscaping and commercial floriculture. Medicinal and ingredients. Recent advances in feed technology and aromatic plants. Role of fruits and vegetables in human feed processing. Anti-nutritional and toxic factors nutrition. present in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and quality control. Digestibility trials—direct, indirect and Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops, indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in grazing vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and their economic animals. 140 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

1.6 Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrient 2.8 Physiology of Milk Production, Reproduction and requirements. Balanced rations. Feeding of calves, Digestion.—Current status of hormonal control of pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategies mammary development, milk secretion and milk for feeding milch animals during different stages of ejection. Male and Female reproductive organs, their lactation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk composition. components and functions. Digestive organs and Feeding of goats for meat and milk production. their functions. Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production. 2.9 Environmental Physiology.—Physiological relations 1.7 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, and their regulation; mechanisms of adaptation, grower and finisher rations. Feeding of pigs for lean environmental factors and regulatory mechanisms meat production. Low cost rations for swine. involved in animal behaviour, climatology—various 1.8 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. parameters and their importance. Animal ecology. Nutrient requirements for meat and egg production. Physiology of behaviour. Effect of stress on health Formulation of rations for different classes of layers and production. and broilers. 3. Animal Reproduction : 2. Animal Physiology : Semen quality.—Preservation and Artificial 2.1 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; Insemination—Components of semen, composition excretion. Endocrine glands in health and disease. of spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivo 2.2 Blood constituents.—Properties and functions-blood and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and cell formation—Haemoglobin synthesis and quality, preservation, composition of diluents, sperm chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification concentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep and properties, coagulation of blood; Haemorrhagic freezing techniques in cows, sheep, goats, swine and disorders—anti-coagulants—blood groups—Blood poultry. Detection of oestrus and time of insemination volume—Plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. for better conception. Anoestrus and repeat Biochemical tests and their significance in disease breeding. diagnosis. 4. Livestock Production and Management : 2.3 Circulation.—Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat, electrocardiograms. Work 4.1 Commercial Dairy Farming.—Comparison of dairy and efficiency of heart—effect of ions on heart farming in India with advanced countries. Dairying function-metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and under mixed farming and as specialized farming, chemical regulation of heart, effect of temperature economic dairy farming. Starting of a dairy farm, and stress on heart, blood pressuer and Capital and land requirement, organization of the hypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, dairy farm. Opportunities in dairy farming, factors vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary determining the efficiency of dairy animal. Heard and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier recording, budgeting cost of milk production, pricing Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in birds. policy; Personnel Management. Developing Practical and Economic rations for dairy cattle; supply of 2.4 Respiration.—Mechanism of respiration, Transport greens throughout the year, feed and fodder and exchange of gases-neural control of respiration- requirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding regimes for Chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds. young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals; 2.5 Excretion.—Structure and function of kidney- new trends in feeding young and adult stock; Feeding formation of urine-methods of studying renal records. function-renal regulation of acid-base balance : 4.2 Commercial meat, egg and wool production.— physiological constituents of urine-renal failure- Development of practical and economic rations for passive venous congestion-Urinary secretion in sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of chicken-Sweat glands and their function. Bio- greens, fodder, feeding regimes for young and mature chemical test for urinary dysfunction. stock. New trends in enhancing production and 2.6 Endocrine glands.—Functional disorders—their management. Capital and land requirements and symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of hormones, socio-economic concept. mechanism and control of secretion—hormonal 4.3 Feeding and management of animals under drought, receptors-classification and function. flood and other natural calamities. 2.7 Growth and Animal Production.—Prenatal and 5. Genetics and Animal Breeding : postnatal growth, maturation, growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, 5.1 History of animal genetics. Mitosis and Meiosis : conformation, body composition, meat quality. Mendelian inheritance; deviations to Mendelian ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 141

genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing histology of organs—Vascular, Nervous, digestive, over; Sex determination, sex influenced and sex respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenital limited characters; Blood groups and polymorphism; systems—Endocrine glands—Integuments—sense Chromosome aberrations; Cytoplasmic inheritance, organs. Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material; 1.2 Embryology.—Embryology of vertebrates with Genetic code and protein synthesis; Recombinant special reference to aves and domestic mammals DNA technology. Mutations, types of mutations, gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetal methods for detecting mutations and mutation rate, membranes and placentation-types of placenta in Transgenesis. domestic mammals-Teratology-twins and twinning- 5.2 Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding— organogenesis-germ layer derivatives-endodermal, Quantitative Vs. Qualitative traits; Hardy Weinberg mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives. Law; Population Vs. Individual; Gene and genotypic 1.3 Bovine Anatomy.—Regional Anatomy : Paranasal frequency; Forces changing gene frequency; sinuses of OX— surface anatomy of salivary glands. Random drift and small populations; Theory of path Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandi- coefficient; Inbreeding, methods of estimating buloalveolar, mental and cornnal nerve block. inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding; Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudental Effective population size; Breeding value, estimation nerve, median, ulnar and radial nervestibial, fibular of breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation; and digital nerves—Cranial nerves-structures Partitioning of variation; Genotype X environment involved in epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymph correlation and genotype X environment interaction; nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, role of multiple measurements; Resemblance between abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative-features relatives. of locomotor apparatus and their application in the 5.3 Breeding Systems.—Breeds of livestsock and biomechanics of mammalian body. Poultry. Heritability, repeatability and genetic and 1.4 Anatomy of Fowl.—Musculo-skeletal system- phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation functional anatomy in relation to respiration and and precision of estimates; Aids to selection and flying, digestion and egg production. their relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family and 1.5 Pharmacology and therapeutics drugs.—Cellular within family selection; Pregnency testing; Methods level of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. of selection; Construction of selection indices and Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugs their uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic gains acting on Autonomic nervous system. Modern through various selection methods; Indirect concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative selection and correlated response; Inbreeding, out anaesthetics. Autocoids. Antimicrobials and breeding, upgrading, cross-breeding and synthesis principles of chemotherapy in microbial infections. of breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercial Use of hormones in therapeutics—chemotherapy of production; Selection for general and specific parasitic infections. Drug and economic concerns in combining ability; Breeding for threshold characters. the Edible tissues of animals—chemotherapy of Sire index. Neoplastic diseases. Toxicity due to “insecticides, 6. Extension : plants, metals, non-metals, zootoxins and Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles mycotoxins”. of extension. Different Methods adopted to educate 1.6 Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and farmers under rural conditions. Generation of habitation.—Assessment of pollution of water, air technology, its transfer and feedback. Problems and and soil—Importance of climate in animal health— constraints in transfer of technology. Animal effect of environment on animal function and husbandry programmes for rural development. performance relationship between industrialisation and animal agriculture—animal housing requirements PAPER-II for specific categories of domestic animals viz. 1. Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene : pregnant cows and sows, milking cows, broiler 1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques : Paraffin birds—stress, strain and productivity in relation to embedding technique of tissue processing and H.E. animal habitation. staining—Freezing microtomy—Microscopy Bright 2. Animal Diseases : field microscope and electron microscope. Cytology- 2.1 Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms, structure of cell organells and inclusions; cell post-moretem lesions, diagnosis, and control of division-cell types—Tissues and their classification- infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goat, horses, embryonic and adult tissues—Comparative pigs and poultry. 142 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

2.2 Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, marketing milk products such as Cream, Butter, Ghee, treatment of production diseases of cattle, horse, Khoa, Channa, Cheese, condensed, evaporated, dried pig and poultry. milk and baby food, lce cream and Kulfi; by-products, 2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds. whey products, butter milk, lactose and casein. Testing, grading, judging milk products—BIS and 2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditions Agmark specifications, legal standards, quality like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea, Indigestion, control nutritive properties. Packaging processing dehydration, stroke, poisioning. and operational control. Costing of dairy products. 2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. 5. Meat Hygiene and Technology : 2.6 Principles and methods of immunisation of animals 5.1 Meat Hygiene against specific diseases—hard immunity—disease free zones—‘zero’ disease concept— 5.1.1 Ante mortem care and management of food animals, chemoprophylaxis. stunning, slaughter and dressing operations; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection 2.7 Anaesthesia.—local, regional and general- procedures and judgement of carcass meat cuts— prenesthetic medication. Symptoms and surgical grading of carcass meat cuts—duties and functions interference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia, of Veterinarians in wholesome meat production. choking abomassal displacement—Caesarian operations. Rumenotomy—Castrations. 5.1.2 Hygienic methods of handling production of meat.— Spoilage of meat and control measures—Post- 2.8 Disease investigation techniques.—Materials for slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and laboratory investigation—Establishment. Animal factors that influence them—Quality improvement Health Centres—Disease free zone. methods—Adulteration of meat and detection— 3. Veterinary Public Health : Regulatory provisions in Meat trade and Industry. 3.1 Zoonoses.—Classification, definition, role of animals 5.2 Meat Technology and birds in prevalence and transmission of zoonotic 5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat.— diseases—occupational zoonotic diseases. Meat emulsions—Methods of preservation of 3.2 Epidemiology.—Principle, definition of meat—Curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological and meat products, processing and formulations. measures in the study of diseases and disease control. 5.3 By-products.—Slaughter house by-products and Epidemiological features of air, water and food borne their utilisation—Edible and inedible by products— infections. OIE regulation, WTO, sanitary and Social and economic implications of proper utilisation phytosanitary measures. of slaughter house by-products—Organ products 3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence.—Rules and Regulations for food and pharmaceuticals. for improvement of animal quality and prevention of 5.4 Poultry Products Technology.—Chemical animal diseases—State and Central Rules for composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre- prevention of animal and animal product borne slaughter care and management. Slaughtering diseases—S.P. C.A.—Veterolegal cases— techniques, inspection, preservation of poultry meat Certificates—Materials and Methods of collection and products. Legal and BIS standards. of samples for veterolegal investigation. Structure composition and nutritive value of eggs 4. Milk and Milk Products Technology : Microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance. 4.1 Market Milk.—Quality, testing and grading of raw Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products. milk. Processing, packaging, storing, distribution, 5.5 Rabbit/Fur Animal farming.—Rabbit meat marketing defects and their control. Preparation of production. Disposal and utilization of fur and wool the following milks : Pasteurized, standardized, toned, and recycling of waste by products. Grading of wool. double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured milks. Preparation of ANTHROPOLOGY cultured milks, cultures and their management, PAPER-I yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of 1.1 Meaning, Scope and development of Anthropology. flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards. Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and 1.2 Relationships with other disciplines : Social Sciences, for the milk plant equipment. behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences, Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities. 4.2 Milk Products Technology.—Selection of raw materials, processing, storing, distributing and 1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance : ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 143

(a) Social-cultural Anthropology. 2.1 The Nature of Culture : The concept and (b) Biological Anthropology. Characteristics of culture and civilization; Ethnocentrism vis-a-vis cultural Relativism. (c) Archaeological Anthropology. 2.2 The Nature of Society : Concept of Society; Society (d) Linguistic Anthropology. and Culture; Social Institution; Social groups; and 1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man : Social stratification. (a) Biological and Cultural factors in human 2.3 Marriage : Definition and universality; Laws of evolution. marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo); Type of marriage (b) Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre-Darwinian, (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage). Darwinian and Post-Darwinian). Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); Marriage terms and concepts of evolutionary biology payments (bride wealth and dowry). (Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, 2.4 Family : Definition and universality; Family, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, household and domestic groups; functions of family; and mosaic evolution). Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, 1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and blood relation, marriage, residence and succession); Primate Taxonomy; Primate Adaptations; (Arboreal Impact of urbanization, industrialization and feminist and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate movements on family. Behaviour; Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates; 2.5 Kinship : Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and Living Major Primates; Comparative Anatomy of Man types of descent (Unilineal, Double, Bilateral and Apes; Skeletal changes due to erect posture and Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, its implications. phratry, moiety and kindred); Kinship terminology 1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and (descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiation geographical distribution of the following : and Complimentary Filiation;Decent and Alliance. (a) Plio-preleistocene hominids in South and East 3. Economic Organization : Meaning, scope and Africa—Australopithecines. relevance of economic anthropology; Formalist and Substantivist debate; Principles governing (b) Homo erectus : Africa (Paranthropus), Europe production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, (Homo erectus (heidelbergensis), Asia (Homo redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting erectus javanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis. on hunting and gathering, fishing, swiddening, (c) Neanderthal man—La-chapelle-aux-saints pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture; (Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressive type). globalization and indigenous economic systems. (d) Rhodesian man. 4. Political Organization and Social Control : Band, (e) Homo saoiens—Cromagnon, Grimaldi and tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; concepts of Chancelede. power, authority and legitimacy; social control, law and justice in simple Societies. 1.7 The biological basis of Life : The Cell, DNA structure 5. Religion : Anthropological approaches to the study and replication, Protein Synthesis, Gene, Mutation, of religion (evolutionary, psychological and Chromosomes, and Cell Division. functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and 1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. profane; myths and rituals; forms of religion in tribal Chronology : Relative and Absolute Dating and peasant Societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, methods. naturism and totemism); religion, magic and science (b) Cultural Evolution—Broad Outlines of distinguished; magico-religious functionaries (priest, Prehistoric cultures : shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and witch). (i) Paleolithic 6. Anthropological theories : (ii) Mesolithic (a) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer) (iii) Neolithic (b) Historical particularism (Boas) Diffusionism (iv) Chalcolithic (British, German and American) (v) Copper-Bronze Age (c) Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural— (vi) Iron Age Functionlism (Radcliffe-Brown) 144 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

(d) Structuralism (L’evi-Strauss and E. Leach) 9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological (e) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, variation of non-metric and characters. Racial criteria, Linton, Kardiner and Cora-du Bois) racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial classification, racial (f) Neo—evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, differentiation and race crossing in man. Sahlins and Service) (g) Cultural materialism (Harris) 9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker : ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, (h) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb Schneider and Geertz) level, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions and (i) Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin) sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio- (j) Post-modernism in anthropology. ecomomic groups. 7. Culture, Language and Communication : 9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology : Nature, origin and characteristics of language; verbal Bio-cultural Adaptations—Genetic and Non-genetic and non-verbal communication; social contex of factors. Man’s physiological responses to language use. environmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude 8. Research methods in Anthropology : climate. (a) Fieldwork tradition in anthropology 9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology : Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious diseases, Nutritional (b) Distinction between technique, method and deficiency related diseases. methodology (c) Tools of data collection : observation, interview, 10. Concept of human growth and Development : Stages schedules, questionnaire, case study, genealogy, of growth—pre-natal, natal, infant, childhood, life-history, oral history, secondary sources of adolescence, maturity, senescence. information, participatory methods. —Factors affecting growth and development genetic, (d) Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural and socio-economic. 9.1 Human Genetics : Methods and Application : Methods for study of genetic principles in man-family —Ageing and senescence. Theories and study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, observations co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal —Biological and chronological longevity. Human and karyo-type analysis), biochemical methods, physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and growth studies. recombinant technologies. 11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and 9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal and polygenic differentials. inheritance in man. 11.2 Demographic theories-biological, social and cultural. 9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, 11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law; causes fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality. and changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and genetic 12. Applications of Anthropology : Anthropology of drift. Consanguineous and non-consanguineous sports, Nutritional anthropology, Anthroplogy in mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous designing of defence and other equipments, Forensic and cousin marriages. Anthroplogy, Methods and principles of personal 9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, identification and reconstruction, Applied human methodology. genetics—Paternity diagnosis, genetic counselling and eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and (a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders). medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in (b) Sex chromosomal aberration- Klinefelter (XXY), reproductive biology. Turner (XO), Super female (XXX), intersex and PAPER-II other syndromic disorders. 1.1 Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization— (c) Autosomal aberrations- Down syndrome, Patau, Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes. Neolithic-Chalcolithic), Protohistoric (Indus (d) Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic Civilization). Pre-Harappan, Harappan and post- screening, genetic counseling, human DNA Harappan cultures. Contributions of the tribal profiling, gene mapping and genome study. cultures to Indian civilization. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 145

1.2 Palaeo—Anthropological evidences from India with 7.1 Problems of exploitation and deprivation of special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada basin Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and Narmada Man). Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes. 1.3. Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethno- archaeology; Survivals and Parallels among the 7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies : hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant Impact of modern democratic institutions, communities including arts and crafts producing development programmes and welfare measures on communities. tribals and weaker sections. 2. Demographic profile of India—Ethnic and linguistic 7.3 The concept of ethnicity; Ethnic conflicts and elements in the Indian population and their political developments; Unrest among tribal distribution. Indian population—factors influencing communities; Regionalism and demand for its structure and growth. autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism. Social change among the tribes during colonial and post-Independent India. 3.1 The structure and nature of traditional Indian social system—Varnashram, Purushartha, Karma, Rina and 8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam Rebirth. and other religions on tribal societies. 3.2 Caste system in India— Structure and characteristics 8.2 Tribe and nation state—a comparative study of tribal Varna and caste, Theories of origin of caste system, communities in India and other countries. Dominant caste, Caste mobility, Future of caste 9.1 History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies, system, Jajmani system. Tribe-case continuum. plans, programmes of tribal development and their implementation. The concept of PTGs (Primitive 3.3 Sacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit Complex. Tribal Groups), their distribution, special programmes 3.4. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity for their development. Role of N.G.O.s in tribal of Indian society. development. 4. Emergence, growth and development in India— 9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development. Contributions of the 18th, 19th and early 20th Century 9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding scholar-administrators. Contributions of Indian of regionalism, communalism and ethnic and political anthropologists to tribal and caste studies. movements. 5.1 Indian Village—Significane of village study in India; BOTANY Indian village as a social system; Traditional and changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste PAPER-I relations; Agrarian relations in Indian villages; Impact 1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology : of globalization on Indian villages. Structure and reproduction/multiplication of 5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and their social, viruses,viroids, bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma; political and economic status. Applications of microbiology in agriculture, industry, medicine and in control of soil and water pollution; 5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes of socio- Prion and Prion hypothesis. cultural change in Indian society: Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little and Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, great traditions; Panchayati Raj and social change; mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes; Modes of Media and Social change. infection and dissemination; Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/defence; 6.1 Tribal situation in India—Bio-genetic variability, Physiology of parasitism and control measures. linguistic and socio-economic characteristics of the Fungal toxins. Modelling and disease forecasting; tribal populations and their distribution. Plant quarantine. 6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities—Land 2. Cryptogams : alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, poor educational facilities, unemployment, under- Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes- employment, health and nutrition. structure and reproduction from evolutionary viewpoint; Distribution of Cryptogams in India and 6.3 Developmental projects and their impact on tribal their ecological and economic importance. displacement and problems of rehabilitation. 3. Phanerogams : Development of forest policy and tribals. Impact of urbanisation and industrialization on tribal Gymnosperms : Concept of Progymnosperms. populations. Classification and distribution of gymnosperms. 146 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

Salient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales transport and vesicular transport; Structure and and Gnetales, their structure and reproduction. function of cell organelles (chloroplasts, General account of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales and mitochondria, ER, dictyosomes ribosomes, Cordiaitailes; Geological time scale; Type of fossils endosomes,lysosomes, peroxisomes; Cytoskelaton and their study techniques. and microtubules; Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore Angiosperms : Systematics, anatomy, embryology, complex; Chromatin and nucleosome; Cell signalling palynology and phylogency. and cell receptors; Signal transduction Mitosis and meiosis; molecular basis of cell cycle. Numerical and Taxonomic hierarchy; International Code of Botanical structural variations in chromosomes and their Nomenclature; Numerical taxomomy and significance; Chromatin organization and packaging chemotaxomomy; Evidence from anatomy, of genome; Polytene chromosomes; B- embryology and palynology. chromosomes—structure, behaviour and Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Comparative significance. account of various systems of classification of 2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution : angiosperms; Study of angiospermic families— Mangnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Development of genetics, and gene versus allele Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, concepts (Pseudoalleles); Quantitative genetics and Dipterocarpaceae, Apiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, multiple factors; Incomplete dominance, polygenic Verbenaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, inheritance, multiple alleles; Linkage and crossing Asteraceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae, over of gene mapping including molecular maps (idea Musaceae and Orchidaceae. of mapping, function); Sex chromosomes and sex- linked inheritance; sex determination and molecular Stomata and their types; Glandular and non-glandular basis of sex differentiation; Mutations (biochemical trichomes; Unusual secondary growth; Anatomy of and molecular basis); Cytoplasmic inheritance and C3 and C4 plants; Xylem and phloem differentiation; cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of male Wood anatomy. sterility). Development of male and female gametophytes, Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and pollination, fertilization; Endosperm—its proteins; Genetic code and regulation of gene development and function. Patterns of embryo expression; Gene silencing; Multigene families; development; Polyembroyony, apomixes; Organic evolution-evidences, mechanism and Applications of palynology; Experimental theories. embryology including pollen storage and test-tube fertilization. Role of RNA in origin and evolution. 4. Plant Resource Development : 3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics : Domestication and introduction of plants; Origin of Methods of plant breeding—introduction, selection cultivated plants, Vavilov’s centres of origin. Plants and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass as sources for food, fodder, fibres, spices, beverages, selection, bulk method); Mutation, polyploidy, male edible oils, drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber, sterility and heterosis breeding. Use of apomixes in gums, resins and dyes; latex, cellulose, starch and plant breeding; DNA sequencing; Genetic its products; Perfumery; Importance of Ethnobotany engineering—methods of transfer of genes; in Indian context; Energy plantations; Botanical Transgenic crops and biosafety aspects; Gardens and Herbaria. Development and use of molecular markers in plant breeding; Tools and techniques—probe, southern 5. Morphogenesis : blotting, DNA fingerprinting, PCR and FISH. Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and differentiation; Standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV). Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast culture. Somatic Tests of significance (Z-test, t-test and chi-square hybrids and Cybrids; Micropropagation; Somaclonal tests). Probability and distributions (normal, binomial variation and its applications; Pollen haploids, and Poisson). Correlation and regression. embryo rescue methods and their applications. 4. Physiology and Biochemistry : PAPER-II Water relations, mineral nutrition and ion transport, 1. Cell Biology : mineral deficiencies. Photosynthesis—photochemical Techniques of cell biology. Prokaryotic and reactions, photophosphorylation and carbon fixation eukaryotic cells—structural and ultrastructural pathways; C3, C4 and CAM pathways; Mechanism details; Structure and function of extracellular matrix of pholem transport, Respiration (anerobic and (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane aerobic, including fermentation)—electron transport ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 147

chain and oxidative phosphorylation; 3. Solid State : Photorespiration; Chemiosmotic theory and ATP Crystal systems; Designation of crystal faces, lattice synthesis; Lipid metabolism; Nitrogen fixation and structures and unit cell; Bragg's law; X-ray diffraction nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes, coenzymes; Energy by crystals; Close packing, radius ratio rules, transfer and energy conservation. Importance of calculation of some limiting radius ratio values; secondary metabolites. Pigments as photoreceptors Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF2; Stoichiometric (plastidial pigments and phytochrome). Plant and nonstoichiometric defects, impurity defects, movements; Photoperiodism and flowering, semi-conductors. vernalization, senescence; Growth substances—their chemical nature, role and applications in agri- 4. The Gaseous State and Transport Phenomenon : horticulture; growth indices, growth movements. Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular Stress physiology (heat, water, salinity, metal); Fruit interactions, and critical phenomena and liquefaction and seed physiology. Dormancy, storage and of gases; Maxwell’s distribution of speeds, germination of seed. Fruit ripening—its molecular intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and basis and manipulation. effusion; Thermal conductivity and viscosity of ideal 5. Ecology and Plant Geography : gases. Concept of ecosystem; Ecological factors. Concepts 5. Liquid State : and dynamics of community; Plant succession. Kelvin equation; Surface tension and surface enercy, Concepts of biosphere; Ecosystems; Conservation; wetting and contact angle, interfacial tension and Pollution and its control (including phytoreme- capillary action. diation); Plant indicators; Environment (Protection) 6. Thermodynamics : Act. Work, heat and internal energy; first law of Forest types of India—‘Ecological and ecomomic thermodynamics. importance of forests, afforestation, deforestation and social forestry; Endangered plants, endemism Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state IUCN categories, Red Data Books; Biodiversity and function, entropy changes in various processes, its conservation; Protected Area Network; entropy-reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy Convention of Biological Diversity, Farmers’ Rights; functions; Thermodynamic equation of state; and Intellectual Property Rights; Concept of Maxwell relations; Temperature, volume and pressure Sustainable Development; Biogeochemical cycles. dependence of U, H, A, G, Cp and Cv, α and β ; J-T Global warming and climatic change; Invasive effect and inversion temperature; criteria for species; Environmetal Impact Assessment; equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant Phytogeographical regions of India. and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem, introductory idea of third law of thermodynamics. CHEMISTRY 7. Phase Equilibria and Solutions : PAPER-I Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a 1. Atomic Structure : pure substance; phase equilibria in binary systems, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle Schrodinger wave partially miscible liquids—upper and lower critical equation (time independent); Interpretation of wave solution temperatures; partial molar quantities, their function, particle in one- dimensional box, quantum significance and determination; excess numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions; Shapes of thermodynamic functions and their determination. s, p and d orbitals. 8. Electrochemistry : 2. Chemical bonding : Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various equilibrium lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and and transport properties. its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical molecules and their dipole moments; Valence bond series, measurement of e.m.f. of cells and its theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy; applications fuel cells and batteries. Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding – Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; H2 +, H2 He2 + to Ne2, NO, CO, HF, CN , Comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories, bond rate of charge transfer, current density; overpotential; order, bond strength and bond length. electroanalytical techniques : amperometry, ion selective electrodes and their use. 148 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

9. Chemical Kinetics: compounds; Sulphur—nitrogen compounds, Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, noble gas compounds. first, second and fractional order reactions; Rate 15. General Chemistry of ‘f’ Block Element: equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive Lanthanides and actinides: separation, oxidation and chain reactions; Branching chain and states, magnetic and spectral properties; explosions; effect of temperature and pressure on lanthanide contraction. rate constant. Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxation methods. Collisions and transition PAPER-II state theories. 1. Delocalised Covalent Bonding : 10. Photochemistry: Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, Absorption of light; decay of excited state by tropolones, fulvenes, sydnones. different routes; photochemical reactions between 2. (i) Reaction mechanisms : General methods (both hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields. kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of mechanisms 11. Surface Phenomena and Catalysis: or organic reactions : isotopies, mathod cross- over experiment, intermediate trapping, Adsorption from gases and solutions on solid stereochemistry; energy of activation; adsorbents; Langmuir and B.E.T. adsorption thermodynamic control and kinetic control of isotherms; determination of surface area, reactions. characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts. (ii) Reactive intermediates : Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of carboniumions and 12. Bio-inorganic Chemistry: carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and Metal ions in biological systems and their role in nitrenes. ion-transport across the membranes (molecular (iii) Substitution reactions :—SN 1, SN 2, and SN i, mechanism), oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes mechanisms ; neighbouring group participation; and ferrodoxins. electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic 13. Coordination Chemistry : compounds including heterocyclic compounds— (i) Bonding in transition of metal complexes. Valence pyrrole, furan, thiophene and indole. bond theory, crystal field theory and its (iv) Elimination reactions :—E1, E2 and E1cb modifications; applications of theories in the mechanisms; orientation in E2 reactions— explanation of magnetism and elctronic spectra Saytzeff and Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn of metal complexes. elimination—acetate pyrolysis, Chugaev and (ii) Isomerism in coordination compounds; IUPAC Cope eliminations. nomenclature of coordination compounds; (v) Addition reactions :—Electrophilic addition to stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 C=C and C≡C; nucleophilic addition to C=O, C≡N, coordination numbers; chelate effect and conjugated olefins and carbonyls. polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its (vi) Reactions and Rearrangements :—(a) Pinacol- theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer-Villiger, square-planar complexes; thermodynamic and Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens and kinetic stability of complexes. Wagner—Meerwein rearrangements. (iii) EAN rule, Synthesis structure and reactivity of (b) Aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel, Witting, hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds. Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and (iv) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, von Richter reactions; Stobbe, benzoin and structure and bonding in metal olefin complexes, acyloin condensations; Fischer indole alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl synthesis, Skraup synthesis, Bischler- complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative Napieralski, Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann and addition reactions, insertion reactions, fluxional Reformatsky reactions. molecules and their characterization; Compounds 3. Pericyclic reactions :—Classification and with metal—metal bonds and metal atom clusters. examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules— 14. Main Group Chemistry: electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and cyclic [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3 and phosphazene, silicates and silicones, Interhalogen 1, 5], FMO approach. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 149

4. (i) Preparation and Properties of Polymers: Organic 1.2 Strength of Materials : polymerspolyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially chloride, teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and loaded compression members, Shear force and natural rubber. bending moment, theory of simple bending, Shear (ii) Biopolymers: Structure of proteins, DNA and Stress distribution across cross sections, Beams RNA. of uniform strength. 5. Synthetic Uses of Reagents: Deflection of beams: Mecaulay’s method, Mohr’s Moment area method, Conjugate beam method, OsO4, HlO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na- Liquid NH , LiAIH NaBH , n-BuLi, MCPBA. unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Elastic 3 4, 4 stability of columns, Euler’s, Rankine’s and Secant 6. Photochemistry :—Photochemical reactions of formulae. simple organic compounds, excited and ground states, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I 1.3 Structural Analysis : and Type II reactions. Castiglianio’s theorems I and II, unit load method, 7. Spectroscopy: of consistent deformation applied to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, moment Principle and applications in structure distribution. elucidation : Rolling loads and Influences lines : Influences (i) Rotational—Diatomic molecules; isotopic lines for Shear Force and Bending moment at a substitution and rotational constants. section of a beam. Criteria for maximum shear force (ii) Vibrational—Diatomic molecules, linear triatomic and bending Moment in beams traversed by a molecules, specific frequencies of functional system of moving loads. Influences lines for groups in polyatomic molecules. simply supported plane pin jointed trusses. →π∗ (iii) Electronic—Singlet and triplet states. n and Arches : Three hinged, two hinged and fixed π→π∗ transitions; application to conjugated arches, rib shortening and temperature effects. double bonds and conjugated carbonyls Matrix mehods of analysis : Force method and Woodward-Fieser rules; Charge transfer spectra. displacement method of analysis of indeterminate 1 (iv) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( HNMR) : Basic beams and rigid frames. principle; chemical shift and spin-spin interaction Plastic Analysis of beams and frames : Theory of and coupling constants. plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method, (v) Mass Spectrometry :—Parent peak, base peak, Mechanism method. metastable peak, McLafferty rearrangement. Unsymmetrical bending : Moment of inertia, CIVIL ENGINEERING product of inertia, position of Neutral Axis and PAPER-I Principal axes, calculation of bending stresses. 1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials 2. Design of Structures : Steel, Concrete and and Structural Analysis. Masonry Structures. 1.1 Engineering Mechanics : 2.1 Structural Steel Design : Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept Structural steel : Factors of safety and load of Force, Concept of particle and rigid body. factors. Riveted, bolted and welded joints and Concurrent, Non- Concurrent and parallel forces connections. Design of tension and compression in a plane, moment of force free body diagram, members, beams of built up section, riveted and conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, welded plate girders, gantry girders, stancheons equivalent force system. with battens and lacings. First and Second Moment of area, Mass moment 2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures : of Inertia. Concept of mix design. Reinforced Concrete : Static Friction. Working Stress and Limit State method of design— Kinematics and Kinetics: Recommendations of I. S. codes. Design of one way and two way slabs, stair-case slabs, simple Kinematics in cartesian Co-ordinates, motion and continuous beams of rectangular, T and L under uniform and non-uniform acceleration, sections. Compression members under direct load motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle : with or without eccentricity. Momentum and Energy principles, collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies. Cantilever and Counter fort type retaining walls. 150 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

Water tanks : Design requirements for Rectangular Water in soil—capillary and structural—effective and circular tanks resting on ground. stress and pore water pressure—permeability Prestressed Concrete : Methods and systems of concept—filed and laboratory determination of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis and design permeability—Seepage pressure—quick sand of sections for flexure based on working stress, conditions—Shear strength determination— loss of prestress. Mohr Coulomb concept. Design of brick masonry as per I. S. Codes Compaction of soil—Laboratory and filed test. 3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow and Compressibility and consolidation concept— Hydraulic Machines : consolidation theory—consolidation settlement analysis. 3.1 Fluid Mechanics : Earth pressure theory and analysis for retaining Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid walls, Application for sheet piles and Braced statics including forces acting on plane and curve excavation. surfaces. Bearing capacity of soil—approaches for Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow : Velocity analysis- Filed tests—settlement analysis— and accelerations, stream lines, equation of stability of slope of earth walk. continuity, irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream functions. Subsuface exploration of soils—methods Continuity, momentum, energy equation, Navier Foundation—Type and selection criteria for Stokes equation, Euler’s equation of motion, foundation of structures—Design criteria for application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow, sluice foundation—Analysis of distribution of stress gates, weirs. for footings and pile—pile group action—pile 3.2 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude: load test. Buckingham’s Pi-theorem, dimensionless Ground improvement techniques. parameters. PAPER—II 3.3 Laminar Flow : 1. Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning Laminar flow between parallel, stationary and and Management moving plates, flow through tube. 1.1 Construction Technology 3.4 Boundary layer : Engineering Materials : Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat Physical properties of construction materials with plate, laminar sub-layer, smooth and rough respect to their use in construction—Stones, boundaries, drag and lift. Bricks and Tiles; Lime, Cement, different types of Turbulent flow through pipes : Characteristics of Mortars and Concrete. turbulent flow, velocity distribution and variation Specific use of ferro cement, fibre reinforced C. of pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and C., High stength concrete. total energy line. Timber; Properties defects—common 3.5 Open Channel Flow : preservation treatments. Uniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and Use and selection of materials for specific use like energy correction factors, specific energy and Low Cost Housing, Mass Housing, High Rise specific force, critical depth, rapidly varied flow, Buildings. hydraulic jump, gradually varied flow, classification of surface profiles, control section, 1.2 Construction : step method of integration of varied flow equation. Masonry principles using Brick, stone, Blocks— 3.6 Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower : construction detailing and strength characteristics. Hydraulic turbines, types classification, Choice of turbines performance parameters, controls, Types of plastering, pointing, flooring, roofing characteristics, specific speed. and construction features. Principles of hydropower development. Common repairs in buildings. 4. Geotechnical Engineering : Principle of functional planning of building for Soil Type and Structure—gradation and particle residents and specific use—Building code size distribution—consistency limits. provisions. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 151

Basic principles of detailed and approximate 3. Hydrology, Water Resources and Engineering : estimating—specification writing and rate 3.1 Hydrology : analysis-principles of valuation of real property. Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, Machinery for earthwork, concreting and their transpiration, infiltration, overland flow, specific uses—Factors affecting selection of hydrograph, flood frequency analyses, flood equipments—operating cost of equipments. routing through a reservoir, channel flow 1.3 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND routing—Muskingam method. MANAGEMENT : 3.2 Ground Water flow : Construction activity—schedules—organization Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of for construction industry—Quality assurance permeability, confined and unconfined aquifers, principles. aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well under Use Basic principle of network—analysis in form confined and unconfined conditions. of CPM and PERT—their use in construction monitoring, Cost optimization and resource 3.3 Water Resources Engineering : allocation. Ground and surface water resources, single and Basic principles of Economic analysis and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of methods. reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation. Project profitability—Basic principles of Boot approach to financial planning-simple toll fixation 3.4 Irrigation Engineering : criterions. (i) Water requirements of crops : consumptive use, 2. Surveying and Transportation Engineering duty and delta, irrigation methods and their 2.1 Surveying : Common methods and instruments efficiencies. for distance and angle measurement for CE (ii) Canals : Distribution systems for cannal irrigation, work—their use in plane table, traverse survey, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of main levelling work, triangulation, contouring and and distributory canals, most efficient section, topographical map. lined canals, their design, regime theory, critical Basic principles of photogrammetry and remote shear stress, bed load. sensing. (iii) Water logging : causes and control, salinity. 2.2 Railways Engineering : Permanent way— (iv) Canal structures : Design of head regulators, components, types and their function-Functions canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes and canal and Design constituents of turn and crossing— outlets. Necessity of geometric design of track—Design (v) Diversion head work : Principles and design of of station and yards. weirs on permeable and impermeable foundation, 2.3 Highway Engineering : Khosla’s theory, energy dissipation. Principles of Highway alignments—classification (vi) Storage works : Types of dams, design, principles and geometrical design elements and standards of rigid gravity stability analysis. for Roads. (vii) Spillways : Spillway types, energy dissipation. Pavement structure for flexible and rigid pavements—Design principles and methodology (viii) River training : Objectives of river training, of pavements. methods of river training. Typical construction methods and standards of 4. Environmental Engineering materials for stabilized soil, WBM, Bituminous 4.1 Water Supply : works and CC roads. Predicting demand for water, impurities of water Surface and sub-surface drainge arrangements for and their significance, physical, chemical and roads—culvert structures. bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, Pavement distresses and strengthening by standards for potable water. overlays. 4.2 Intake of Water : Traffic surveys and their application in traffic Water treatment: principles of coagulation, planning—Typical design features for flocculation and sedimentation; slow-, rapid-, channelized, intersection rotary etc.—signal pressure-, filters; chlorination, softening, removal designs—standard Traffic signs and markings. of taste, odour and salinity. 152 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

4.3 Sewerage Systems : Methods of Costing: Job Costing, Process Domestic and industrial wastes, store sewage— Costing, Activity Based Costing. separate and combined systems, flow through Volume-cost-Profit Relationship as a tool of Profit sewers, design of sewers. Planning. 4.4 Sewage Characterisation : Incremental Analysis/Differential Costing as a BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen Tool of Pricing Decisions, Product Decisions, and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal water Make or Buy Decisions, Shut-Down Decisions course and on land. etc. 4.5 Sewage Treatment : Techniques of Cost Control and Cost Reduction : Budgeting as a Tool of Planning and Control. Working principles, units, chambers, Standard Costing and Variance Analysis. sedimentation tank, trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank, Responsibility Accounting and Divisional Perfor- disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water. mance Measurement. 4.6 Solid waste : 3. Taxation : Collection and disposal in rural and urban Income Tax: Definitions. Basis of charge; Incomes contexts, management of long-term ill-effects. which do not form part of total income. Simple problems of Computation of Income (of individuals 5. Environmental pollution : only) under various heads, i.e., Salaries, Income Sustainable development. Radioactive wastes and from House Property, Profits and Gains from disposal. Environmental impact assessment for Business or Profession, Capital Gains, Income from thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects. other sources, Income of other Persons included Air pollution. Pollution control acts. in Assessee’s Total Income. COMMERCE AND ACCOUNTANCY Set-off and Carry forward of Loss. PAPER-I Deductions from Gross Total Income. Accounting and Finance Salient Features/Provisions Related to VAT and Accounting, Taxation & Auditing Services Tax. 1. Financing Accounting : 4. Auditing : Accounting as a financial information system; Company Audit: Audit related to Divisible Profits, Impact of behavioural sciences. Accounting Dividends, Special investigations, Tax audit. Standards e.g., Accounting for Depreciation, Audit of Banking, Insurance, Non-Profit Inventories, Research and Development Costs, Organization and Charitable Societies/Trusts/ Long-term Construction Contracts, Revenue Organizations. Recognition, Fixed Assets, Contingencies, Financial Management, Financial Institutions Foreign Exchange Transactions, Investments and and Markets Government Grants, Cash Flow Statement, Earnings per Share. 1. Financial Management : Accounting for Share Capital Transactions Finance Function : Nature, Scope and Objectives including Bonus Shares, Right Shares. of Financial Management : Risk and Return Relationship. Emplyees Stock Option and Buy-Back of Securities. Tools of Financial Analysis: Ratio Analysis, Funds-Flow and Cash-Flow Statement. Preparation and Presentation of Company Final Accounts. Capital Budgeting Decisions: Process, Procedures and Appraisal Methods. Risk and Uncertainty Amalgamations, Absorption and Reconstruction Anlysis and Methods. of Companies. Cost of Capital : Concept, Computation of Specific 2. Cost Accounting : Costs and Weighted Average Cost of Capital. Nature and functions of cost accounting. CAPM as aTool of Determining Cost of Equity Installation of Cost Accounting System. Cost Capital. Concepts related to Income Measurement, Profit Financing Decisions: Theories of Capital Planning, Cost Control and Decision Making. Structure—Net Income (NI) Approach. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 153

Net Operating Income (NOI) Approach, MM Designing Organizational structures—Authority Approach and Traditional Approach. Designing and Control; Line and Staff Functions, of Capital structure: Types of Leverages Specialization and Coordination. Types of (Operating, Financial and Combined), EBIT-EPS Organization Structure—Functional. Matrix Analysis, and other Factors. Structure, Project Structure. Nature and Basis of Power, Sources of Power, Power Structure and Dividend Decisions and Valuation of Firm : Politics. Impact of Information Technology on Walter’s Model, MM Thesis, Gordan’s Model Organizational Design and Structure. Lintner’s Model. Factors Affecting Dividend Policy. Managing Organizational Culture. Working Capital Management: Planning of 2. Organisation Behaviour : Working Capital. Determinants of Working Meaning and Concept; Individual in organization: Capital. Components of Working Capital—Cash, Personality, Theories, and Determinants; Inventory and Receivables. Pereception Meaning and Process. Corporate Restructuring with focus on Mergers Motivation : Concepts, Theories and Applica- and Acquisitions (Financial aspect only). tions. Leadership—Theories and Styles. Quality 2. Financial Markets and Institutions : of Work Life (QWL): Meaning and its impact on Performance, Ways of its Enhancement. Quality Indian Financial System: An Overview Circles (QC)—Meaning and their Importance. Money Markets: Participants, Structure and Management of Conflicts in Organizations. Trans- Instruments. Commercial Banks. Reforms in actional Analysis, Organizational Effectiveness, Banking Sector. Monetary and Credit Policy of Management of Change. RBI. RBI as a Regulator. Human Resources Management and Industrial Capital Market : Primary and Secondary Market. Relations Financial Market Instruments and Innovative 1. Human Resources Management (HRM) : Debt Instruments; SEBI as a Regulator. Meaning Nature and Scope of HRM, Human Financial Services : Mutual Funds, Venture Capital, Resource Planning, Job Analysis, Job Credit Rating Agencies, Insurance and IRDA. Description, Job Specification, Recruitment Process, Selection Process, Orientational and PAPER-II Placement, Training and Development Process, Organisation Theory and Behaviours, Human Resource Performance Appraisal and 360° Feed Back, Salary Management and Industrial Relations and Wage Administration, Job Evaluation, Organisation Theory and Behaviour Employee Welfare, Promotions, Transfers and Separations. 1. Organisation Theory : 2. Industrial Relations (IR) : Nature and Concept of Organisation; External Meaning, Nature, Importance and Scope of IR, Environment of Organisation—Technological, Formation of Trade Union, Trade Union Social, Political, Ecomomical and Legal; Legislation, Trade Union Movement in India. Organizational Goals Primary and Secondary Recognition of Trade Unions, Problems of Trade Goals, Single and Multiple Goals; Management Unions in India. Impact of Liberalization on Trade by Objectives. Union Movement. Evolution of Organisation theory : Classical Neo- Nature of Industrial Disputes: Strikes and classical and system approach. Lockouts, Causes of Disputes, Prevention and Modern Concepts of Organisation Theory : Settlement of Disputes. Organisational Design, Organisational Structure Worker’s Participation in Management: and Organisational Culture. Philosophy, Rationale, Present Day Status and Organisational Design—Basic Challenges; Future Prospects. Differentiation and Intergration Process; Adjudication and Collective Bargaining. Centralization and Decentralization Process; Standardization/Formalization and Mutual Industrial Relations in Public Enterprises Adjustment. Coordinating Formal and Informal Absenteeism and Labour Turnover in Indian Organizations. Mechanistic and Organic Industries and their Causes and Remedies. Structures. ILO and its Functions. 154 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

ECONOMICS (iv) Floating Rates and their Implications for PAPER—I Developing Countries : Currency Boards. 1. Advanced Micro Economics : (v) Trade Policy and Developing Countries. (a) Marshallian and Varrasiam Approaches to Price (vi) BOP, adjustments and Policy Coordination in determination. open economy macromodel. (b) Alternative Distribution Theories; Ricardo, Kaldor, (vii) Speculative attacks. Kaleeki. (viii) Trade Blocks and Monetary Unions. (c) Markets Structure : Monopolistic Competition, (ix) WTO : TRIMS, TRIPS, Domestic Measures, Duopoly, Oligopoly. Different Rounds of WTO talks. (d) Modern Welfare Criteria : Pareto Hicks and Scitovsky, 5. Growth and Development : Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem, A. K. Sen’s Social (a) (i) Theories of growth : Harrod’s model; Welfare Function. (ii) Lewis model of development with surplus labour. 2. Advance Macro Economics : (iii) Balanced Unbalanced Growth. Approaches to Employment Income and Interest Rate determination : Classical, Keynes (IS)-LM) curve, (iv) Human Capitals and Economic Growth. Neo-classical synthesis and New classical, Theories (v) Research and Development and Economic Growth. of Interest Rate determination and Interest Rate (b) Process of Economic Development of less developed Structure. courtries : Myrdal and Kuzments on economic 3. Money-Banking and Finance : development and structural change : Role of Agriculture (a) Demand for and Supply of Money : Money Multiplier in Economic Development of less developed countries. Quantity Theory of Money (Fisher, Pique and (c) Economic Development and International Trade and Friedman) and Keyne’s Theory on Demand for Investment, Role of Multinationals. Money, Goals and Instruments of Monetary (d) Planning and Economic Development : changing role of Management in Closed and Open Economies. Markets and Planning, Private-Public Partnership. Relation between the Central Bank and the Treasury. Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money. (e) Welfare indicators and measures of growth—Human Development Indices. The basic needs approach. (b) Public Finance and its Role in market Economy : In stabilisation of supply, allocative, of resources and (f) Development and Environmental Sustainability— in distribution and development. Sources of Renewable and Non-renewable Resources, Government revenue, forms of Taxes and Subsidies, Environmental Degradation, Intergenerational equity their incidence and effects. Limits to taxation, loans, development. crowding-out effects and limits to borrowings. Public PAPER-II expenditure and its effects. Indian Economics in Post-Independence Era : 4. International Economics : Land System and its changes, Commercialization of (a) Old and New theories of International Trade. agriculture Drain theory, Laissez faire theory and critique. (i) Comparative advantage, Manufacture and Transport : Jute, Cotton, Railways, Money (ii) Terms of Trade and Offer Curve. and Credit. (iii) Product Cycle and Strategic Trade Theories. Indian Economy after Independence : (iv) Trade as an engine of growth and theories of A. The Pre-Liberalization Era : underdevelopment in an open economy. (i) Contribution of Vakil, Gadgil and V.K.R.V. Rao. (b) Forms of Protection : Tariff and quota. (ii) Agricultrure : Land Reforms and land tenure system, (c) Balance of Payments Adjustment : Alternative Green Revolution and capital formation in agriculture. Approaches. (iii) Industry Trends in composition and growth, Role of (i) Price versus income, income adjustments public and private sector, small scale and cottage under fixed exchange rates. industries. (ii) Theories of Policy Mix. (iv) National and Per capita income : Patterns, trends, (iii) Exchange rate adjustments under capital aggregate and sectoral composition and changes mobility. therein. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 155

(v) Broad factors determining National Income and waves. Transmission lines : travelling and standing waves, distribution, Measures of poverty, Trends in poverty impedance matching, Smith chart. and inequality. 4. Analog Electronics : B. The Post-Liberalization Era : Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small- (i) New Economic Reform and Agriculture : Agriculture signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits : and WTO, Food processing, subsidies, Agricultural Clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET prices and public distribution system, Impact of public amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers : single and multi-stage, expenditure on agricultural growth. differential, operational feedback and power. Analysis of (ii) New Economic Policy and Industry : Strategy of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. industrialization, Privatization, Disinvestments, Role Filters; sinusoidal oscillators : criterion for oscillation; single- of foreign direct investment and multinationals. transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Linear and switching power (iii) New Economic Policy and Trade : Intellectual supplies. property rights : Implications of TRIPS, TRIMS, GATS and new EXIM policy. 5. Digital Electronics : (iv) New Exchange Rate Regime : Partial and full Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; convertibility, Capital account convertibility. logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, (v) New Economic Policy and Public Finance : Fiscal multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and Responsibility Act, Twelfth Finance Commission and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Consolidation. multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. (vi) New Economic Policy and Monetary System. Role Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using of RBI under the new regime. programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA). (vii) Planning : From central Planning to indivative 6. Energy Conversion : planning, Relation between planning and markets Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : for growth and decentralized planning : 73rd and 74th Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines : Constitutional amendments. characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed (viii) New Economic Policy and Employment : Employment control of motors. Transformers : principles of operation and and poverty, Rural wages, Employment Generation, analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. Poverty alleviation schemes, New Rural, Employment 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines : Guarantee Scheme. characteristics and performance analysis; speed control. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives : PAPER-I Semi-conductor power devices : diode, transistor, 1. Circuits—Theory : thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; Circuit rectifiers; bridge converters : fully-controlled and half- analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DC- network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, DC converters; Switch mode inverter; basic concepts of speed RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable- circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two-port speed drives. networks. 8. Analog Communication : 2. Signals and Systems : Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability, Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models; signals and systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse Random signals and noise : white noise, noise equivalent response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier ratio. Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB, transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of Frequency modulation : PM & FM signals; narrows band analog signals through discrete-time systems. FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, 3. E.M. Theory : Preemphasis. CW modulation system : Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise media. Boundary conditions, reflection and refraction of plane ratio calculation or AM and FM receivers. 156 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

PAPER II GEOGRAPHY PAPER I 1. Control Systems : PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY Elements of control systems; block-diagram Physical Geography : representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles 1. Geomorphology : Factors controlling landform and applications of feed-back. Control system components. development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; LTI systems : time-domain and transform-domain analysis. Origin and evolution of the earth’s crusts; Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bode-plots and Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions polor plots, Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-lad of the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain representation and analysis of control systems. building; Volcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Land scape 2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers : development; Denudation chronology; Channel PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register settiming morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development; diagram, programming, interrupts, memory interfacing, I/O Applied Geomorphology; Geomorphology, economic interfacing, programmable peripheral devices. geology and environment. 2. Climatology : Temperature and pressure belts of the 3. Measurement and Instrumentation : world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric circulation; Atmospheric stability and instability. Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and streams; Air masses and fronto; Temperate and frequency; bridge measurements. Signal conditioning circuit; tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, Thornthwaite’s and Trewar Tha’s classification of distoration-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, world climate; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic LVDT, strain-guage, piezo-electric crystal. change, and role and response of man in climatic changes Applied climatology and Urban climate. 4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control : 3. Oceanography : Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Steady-state performance of overhead transmission Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources; biotic, and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs coral factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical bleaching; Sea-level changes; Law of the sea and components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical marine pollution. faults. Concepts of system stability : swing curves and equal 4. Biogeography : Genesis of soils; Classification and area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degrada- transmission. tion and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of 5. Power System Protection : deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry, agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance centres. protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit brakers. 5. Environmental Geography : Principle ecology; Computer aided protection : introduction; line, bus, generator, Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP ecology and environment; Global and regional to protection. ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their 6. Digital Communication : management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management and conservation; Pulse code modulation (PCM), defferential pulse code Biodiversity and sustainable development; modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and remedial measures; Environmental education and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control legislation. coding : error detection and correction, linear block codes, Human Geography : convolation codes. Information measure and source coding. 1. Perspectives in Human Geography : Areal Data networks, 7-layer architecture. differentiation; Regional synthesis; Dichotomy and ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 157

dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution 2. Resources : Land, surface and ground water, and locational analysis; Radical, behavioural, human energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources, Forest and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and and wild life resources and their conservation; secularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Human Energy crisis. development indix. 3. Agriculture : Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, 2. Economic Geography : World economic fertilizers, power; Institutional factors; land holdings, development: measurement and problems; World land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern, resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of combination, land capability; Agro and social- agricultural regions; Agricultural inputs and forestry; Green revolution and its socio-economic productivity; Food and nutritions problems; Food and ecological implications; Significance of dry security; famine: causes, effects and remedies; World farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; industries: location patterns and problems; Patterns Aqua-culture; Sericulture, Agriculture and poultry; of world trade. Agricultural regionalisation; Agro-climatic zones; 3. Population and Settlement Geography : Growth and Agro-ecological regions. distribution of world population; Demographic 4. Industry : Evolution of industries; Locational factors attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminium, Concepts of over-under-and optimum population; fertiliser, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, Population theories, world population problems and automobile, cottage and ago-based industries; policies, Social well-being and quality of life; Industrial houses and complexes including public Population as social capital. sector underkings; Industrial regionalisation; New Types and patterns of rural settlements; industrial policy; Multinationals and liberalisation; Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy Special Economic Zones; Tourism including of urban settlements; Urban morphology; Concept ecotourism. of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional 5. Transport, Communication and Trade : Road, railway, classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence; waterway, airway and pipeline net works and their Rural-urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and complementary roles in regional development; remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development Growing importance of ports on national and foreign of cities. trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; Export 4. Regional Planning : Concept of a region; Types of processing zones; Developments in communication regions and methods of regionalisation; Growth and information technology and their impacts on centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances; economy and society; Indian space programme. Regional development strategies; Environmental 6. Cultural Setting : Historical Perspective of Indian issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable Society; Racial linguistic and ethnic diversities; development. religious minorities; Major tribes, tribal areas and 5. Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography : their problems; Cultural regions; Growth, distribution System analysis in Human geography; Malthusian, and density of population; Demographic attributes: Marxian and demographic transition models; Central sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force, Place theories of Christaller and Losch; Perroux and dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter- Boudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural regional, interaregional and international) and location; Weber’s model of industrial location; associated problems; Population problems and Ostov’s model of stages of growth. Heart-land and policies; Health indicators. Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries 7. Settlements : Types, patterns and morphology of and frontiers. rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology PAPER II of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA cities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions; Urban 1. Physical Setting : Space relationship of India with sprawl; Slums and asssociated problems; Town neighbouring countries; Structure and relief; planning; Problems of urbanisation and remedies. Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic 8. Regional Development and Planning: Experience of regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integrated patterns; Tropical cyclones and western rural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic decentralised planning; Command area development; regions; Natural vegetation, Soil types and their Watershed management; Planning for backward distributions. area, desert, drought-prone, hill tribal area 158 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

development; Multi-level planning; Regional Strain markers in deformed rocks. Behaviour of minerals and planning and development of island territories. rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults 9. Political Aspects : Geographical basis of Indian classification and mechanics; Structural analysis of folds, federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities; Time- states; Regional consciousness and inter-state relationship between crystallization and deformation. issues; International boundary of India and related 4. Paleontology : issues; Cross-border terrorism; India’s role in world Species—definition and nomenclature; Megafossils and affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean Microfossils. Modes of preservation of fossils; Different kinds realm. of microfossils; Application of microfossils in correlation, 10. Contemporary Issues : Ecological issues: petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes, studies; Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics; Issues Proboscidae. Siwalik fauna. related to environmental pollution; Changes in Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance; Index patterns of land use; Principles of environmental fossils and their significance. impact assessment and environmental management; Population explosion and food security; 5. Indian Stratigraphy : Environmental degradation; Deforestation, Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostrati- desertification and soil erosion; Problems of agrarian graphic, biostratigraphic, chrono-stratigraphic and and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships; Distribution economic development; Concept of sustainable and classification of Precambrian rocks of India; Study of growth and development; Environmental awareness; stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and Indian economy. of India with reference to fauna, flora and economic NOTE : Candidates will be required to answer one importance. Major boundary problems—Cambrian/ compulsory map question pertinent to subjects Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and covered by this paper. Pliocene/Pleistocene; Study of climatic conditions, GEOLOGY paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian sub- continent in the geological past. Tectonic framework of India. PAPER I Evolution of the Himalayas. 1. General Geology : 6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology : The Solar System, meteorites, origin and interior of the Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water; earth and age of earth; Volcanoes—causes and products, Movement of subsurface water; Springs; Porosity, Volcanic belts. Earthquakes—causes, effects, seismic of zone permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and of India; Island arcs, trenches and mid-ocean ridges; storage coefficient, classification of aquifers; Water-bearing Continental drift; Seafloor spreading, plate tectonics. Isostasy. characteristics of rocks; Groundwater chemistry. Salt water 2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing : intrusion. Types of wells. Drainage basin morphometry; Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and soil Exploration for groundwater; Groundwater recharge; formations; Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomorphic Problems and management of groundwater; Rainwater cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation harvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geological to structures and lithology; Coastal geomorphology; investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway and Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil bridges; Rock as construction material; Landslides causes, engineering; hydrology and environmental studies; prevention and rehabilitation; Earthquake-resistant structures. Geomorphology of Indian sub-continent. PAPER II Aerial photographs and their interpretation—merits and 1. Mineralogy : limitations; The Electromagnetic spectrum. Orbiting Classification of crystals into systems and classes of Satellites and Sensor Systems. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites. Satellite data products; Applications of remote symmetry; International system of crystallographic notation; sensing in geology; The Geographic Information System Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry; (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS)—its applications. Elements of X-ray crystallography. 3. Structural Geology : Physical and chemical characters of rock forming silicate mineral groups; Structural classification of silicates; Common Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks; Minerals of the projection diagrams, Stress and strain ellipsoid and stress- carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups; Clay strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials; minerals. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 159

Optical properties of common rock forming minerals; HISTORY Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, PAPER I twinning and dispersion in minerals. 1. Sources 2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology : Generation and crystallisation of magmas. Crystallisation Archaeological sources : of albite—anorthite, diopside—anorthite and diopside— Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, wollastonite—silica systems. Bowen's Reaction Principle; monuments. Magmatic differentiation and assimilation. Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks. Literary sources: Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific and ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline literature, literature, literature in regional languages, religious rocks. Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province. literature. Types and agents of metamorphism. Metamorphic Foreign account: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers. grades and zones; Phase rule. Facies of regional and contact metamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams; Textures and 2. Pre-history and Proto-history : structures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (paleolithic arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks; Minerals and mesolithic); Beginning of agriculture (neolithic and assemblages. Retrograde metamorphism; Metasomatism and chalcolithic). granitisation, migmatites. Granulite terrains of India. 3. Sedimenary Petrology : 3. Indus Valley Civilization : Sedimentas and Sedimentary rocks: Processes of Origin, date, extent, characteristics-decline, survival and formation; digenesis and lithification; Clastic and non-clastic significance, art and architecture. rocks-their classification, petrography and depositional environment; Sedimentary facies and provenance. Sedimentary 4. Megalithic Cultures : structures and their significance. Heavy minerals and their Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside significance. Sedimentary basins of India. the Indus, Development of community life, Settlements, 4. Economic Geology : Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron industry. Ore, ore mineral and gangue, tenor of ore. Classification 5. Aryans and Vedic Period : of ore deposits; Processes of formation of mineral deposits; Controls of ore localisation; Ore texures and structures; Expansions of Aryans in India : Metallogenic epochs and provinces; Geology of the important Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literature; Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron, Transformation from Rig Vedic period to the later Vedic period; lead, zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and Political, social and economical life; Significance of the Vedic industrial minerals; Deposits of coal and petroleum in India, Age; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system. National Mineral Policy; Conservation and utilization of mineral resources. Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea. 6. Period of Mahajanapadas : 5. Mining Geology : Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics and Methods of prospecting—geological, geophysical, monarchies; Rise of urban centres; Trade routes; Economic geochemical and geobotanical; Techniques of sampling. growth; Introduction of coinage; Spread of Jainism and Estimation of reserves of ore; Methods of exploration and Buddism; Rise of Magadha and Nandas. mining-metallic ores, industrial minerals, marine mineral Iranian and Mecedonian invasions and their impact. resources and building stones. Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing. 7. Mauryan Empire : 6. Geochemistry and Environmental Geology : Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta, Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of the Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of Dharma; planets and meteorites. Structure and composition of earth Edicts; Polity, Administration, Economy; Art, architecture and and distribution of elements. Trace elements. Elements of sculpture; External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion; crystal chemistry-types of chemical bonds, coordination Literature. number. Isomorphism and polymorphism. Elementary thermodynamics. Disintegration of the empire; sungas and Kanvas. Natural hazards—floods, mass wasting, costal hazards, 8. Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, earthquakes and volcanic activity and mitigation; Western Kshatrapas) : Environmental impact of urbanization, mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of mine Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, waste and fly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface water, economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social marine pollution. Environment protection—legislative conditions, art, architecture, culture, literature and science. measures in India; Sea level changes: causes and impact. 160 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

9. Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South 15. The Thirteenth Century: India: — Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurian Kharavela, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sangam invasions - factors behind Ghurian success. Age; Administration, Economy, land grants, coinage, trade — Economic, Social and cultural consequences. guilds and urban centres; Buddhist centres; Sangam literature and culture; Art and architecture. — Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans. 10. Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas: — Consolidation: The rule of Iltutmish and Balban. Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinage 16. The Fourteenth Century: of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indian — “The Khalji Revolution”. feudalism, Caste system, Position of women, Education and educational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi, — Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and territorial expansion, Literature, scientific literature, art and architecture. agrarian and economic measure. 11. Regional States during Gupta Era: — Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures, bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq. The Kadambas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polity and Administration, Trade guilds, Literature; growth of — Firuz Tugluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civil Vaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakit movement, engineering and public works, decline of the Sultanate, Shankaracharya; Vedanta; Institutions of temple and temple foreign contacts and Ibn Battuta's account. architecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity and 17. Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and administration; Cultural aspects. Arab conquest of Sind; Fourteenth Centuries: Alberuni, The Chaluky as of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas, Pandyas; Polity and Administration; Local Government; — Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes, Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution of town dwellers, women, religious classes, caste and temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature, slavery under the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sufi economy and society. movement. 12. Themes in Early Indian Cultural History: — Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regional languages of North India, literaute in the languages of Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution of art and architecture, major philosophical thinkers and schools, South India, Sultanate architecture and new structural ideas in Science and Mathematics. forms, painting, evolution of a composite culture. 13. Early Medieval India, 750-1200: — Economy: Agricultural Production, rise of urban economy and non-agricultural production, trade and — Polity: Major political developments in Northern India commerce. and the peninsula, origin and the rise of Rajputs. 18. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century-Political — The Cholas: administration, village economy and Developments and Economy: society “Indian Feudalism”. — Rise of Provincial Dynasties : Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul — Agrarian economy and urban settlements. Abedin), Gujarat. — Trade and commerce. — Malwa, Bahmanids. — Society: the status of the Brahman and the new social order. — The Vijayanagara Empire. — Condition of women. — Lodis. — Indian science and technology. — Mughal Empire, first phase : Babur, Humayun. 14. Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200: — The Sur Empire : Sher Shah’s administration. — Philosophy: Skankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja and — Portuguese colonial enterprise, Bhakti and Sufi Vishishtadvaita, Madhva and Brahma-Mimansa. Movements. — Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotional 19. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century- Society and cult, growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India, culture: Sufism. — Regional cultures specificities. — Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamil — Literary traditions. literature, literature in the newly developing languages, Kalhan's Rajtarangini, Alberuni's India . — Provincial architectural. — Art and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture, — Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara painting. Empire. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 161

20. Akbar: PAPER-II — Conquests and consolidation of empire. 1. European Penetration into India: — Establishment of jagir and mansab systems. The Early European Settlements; The Portuguese and — Rajput policy. the Dutch; The English and the French East India — Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Companies; Their struggle for supremacy; Carnatic Sulh-i-kul and religious policy. Wars; Bengal-The conflict between the English and the Nawabs of Bengal; Siraj and the English; The Battle of — Court patronage of art and technology. Plassey; Significance of Plassey. 21. Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century: 2. British Expansion in India: — Major administrative policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. Bengal-Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; The Battle of Buxar; Mysore; The Marathas; The three Anglo-Maratha Wars; — The Empire and the Zamindars. The Punjab. — Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. 3. Early Structure of the British Raj: — Nature of the Mughal State. The Early administrative structure; From diarchy to direct contol; The Regulating Act (1773); The Pitt's India — Late Seventeenth Century crisis and the revolts. Act (1784); The Charter Act (1833); The Voice of free — The Ahom kingdom. trade and the changing character of British colonial rule; — Shivaji and the early Maratha Kingdom. The English utilitarian and India. 22. Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries: 4. Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule: — Population Agricultural and craft production. (a) Land revenue settlements in British India; The Permanent — Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English Settlement; Ryotwari Settlement; Mahalwari Settlement; and French companies : a trade revolution. Economic impact of the revenue arrangements; Commercialization of agriculture; Rise of landless — Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit agrarian labourers; Impoverishment of the rural society. systems. — Conditions of peasants, Condition of Women. (b) Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; De- industrialisation; Decline of traditional crafts; Drain of — Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa Panth wealth; Economic transformation of India; Railroad and 23. Culture during Mughal Empire: communication network including telegraph and postal services; Famine and poverty in the rural interior; — Persian histories and other literature European business enterprise and its limitations. — Hindi and religious literatures. 5. Social and Cultural Developments: — Mughal architecture. The state of indigenous education, its dislocation; — Mughal painting. Orientalist-Anglicist controversy, The introduction of — Provincial architecture and painting. western education in India; The rise of press, literature — Classical music. and public opinion; The rise of modern vernacular literature; Progress of Science; Christian missionary — Science and technology. activities in India. 24. The Eighteenth Century: 6. Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and — Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire. Other Areas: — The regional principalities: Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal, Ram Mohan Roy, The Brahmo Movement; Awadh. Devendranath Tagore; Iswarchandra Vidyasagar; The — Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas. Young Bengal Movement; Dayanada Saraswati; The — The Maratha fiscal and financial system. social reform movements in India including Sati, widow remarriage, child marriage etc.; The contribution of — Emergence of Afghan power Battle of Panipat, 1761. Indian renaissance to the growth of modern India; — State of, political, cultural and economic, on eve of the Islamic revivalism-the Feraizi and Wahabi Movements. British conquest. 162 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

7. Indian Response to British Rule: 14. Caste and Ethnicity after 1947; Backward Castes and Tribes in post-colonial electoral politics; Dalit Peasant movement and tribal uprisings in the 18th and movements. 19th centuries including the Rangpur Dhing (1783), the Kol Rebellion (1832), the Mopla Rebellion in Malabar 15. Economic development and political change; Land reforms; the politics of planning and rural reconstruction; (1841-1920), the Santal Hul (1855), Indigo Rebellion Ecology and environmental policy in post-colonial (1859-60), Deccan Uprising (1875) and the Munda India; Progress of Science. Ulgulan (1899-1900); The Great Revolt of 1857 —Origin, character, casuses of failure, the consequences; The 16. Enlightenment and Modern ideas: shift in the character of peasant uprisings in the post- (i) Major Ideas of Enlightenment : Kant, Rousseau. 1857 period; the peasant movements of the 1920s and (ii) Spread of Enlightenment in the colonies. 1930s. (iii) Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread of Marxian 8. Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism; Socialism. Politics of Association; The Foundation of the Indian 17. Origins of Modern Politics : National Congress; The Safety-valve thesis relating to (i) European States System the birth of the Congress; Programme and objectives of Early Congress; the social composition of early (ii) American Revolution and the Constitution Congress leadership; the Moderates and Extremists; (iii) French Revolution and Aftermath, 1789-1815 The Partition of Bengal (1905); The Swadeshi Movement (iv) American Civil War with reference to Abraham Lincoln in Bengal; the economic and political aspects of and the abolition of slavery. Swadeshi Movement; The beginning of revolutionary (v) British Democratic politics, 1815-1850 : Parliamentary extremism in India. Reformers, Free Traders, Chartists. 9. Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; 18. Industrialization : Gandhi's popular appeal; Rowlatt Satyagraha; the Khilafat Movement; the Non-cooperation Movement; (i) English Industrial Revolution : Causes and Impact on National politics from the end of the Non-cooperation Society. movement to the beginning of the Civil Disobedience (ii) Industrialization in other countries : USA, Germany, Movement; the two phases of the Civil Disobedience Russia, Japan. Movement; Simon Commission; The Nehru Report; the (iii) Industrialization and Globalization. Round Table Conferences; Nationalism and the Peasant 19. Nation-State System : Movements; Nationalism and Working class movements; Women and Indian youth and students in (i) Rise of Nationalism in 19th century. Indian politics (1885-1947); the election of 1937 and the (ii) Nationalism : State-building in Germany and Italy. formation of ministries; Cripps Mission; the Quit India (iii) Disintegration of Empires in the face of the emergence Movement; the Wavell Plan; The Cabinet Mission. of nationalities across the World. 10. Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India 20. Imperialism and Colonialism : between 1858 and 1935. (i) South and South-East Asia. 11. Other strands in the National Movement. (ii) Latin America and South Africa. The Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra, (iii) Australia. U.P. the Madras Presidency, Outside India. (iv) Imperialism and free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism. The Left; The Left within the Congress: Jawaharlal 21. Revolution and Counter-Revolution : Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, the Congress Socialist (i) 19th Century European revolutions. Party; the Communist Party of India, other left parties. (ii) The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921. 12. Politics of Separatism; the Muslim League; the Hindu (iii) Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany. Mahasabha; Communalism and the politics of partition; Transfer of power; Independence. (iv) The Chinese Revolution of 1949. 13. Consolidation as a Nation; Nehru's Foreign Policy; India 22. World Wars : and her neighbours (1947-1964); The linguistic (i) 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars : Societal reorganisation of States (1935-1947); Regionalism and implications. regional inequality; Integration of Princely States; (ii) World War I : Causes and Consequences. Princes in electoral politics; the Question of National (iii) World War II : Causes and Consequences. Language. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 163

23. The World after World War II: 9. Services under the Union and the States: (i) Emergence of Two power blocs. (a) Recruitment and conditions of services; (ii) Emergence of Third World and non-alignment Constitutional safeguards; Administrative tribunals. (iii) UNO and the global disputes. 24. Liberation from Colonial Rule : (b) Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions—Power and (i) Latin America-Bolivar. functions. (ii) Arab World-Egypt. (c) Election Commission—Power and functions. (iii) Africa-Apartheid to Democracy. 10. Emergency provisions. (iv) South-East Asia-Vietnam. 11. Amendment of the Constitution. 25. Decolonization and Underdevelopment : 12. Principle of Natural Justice—Emerging trends and (i) Factors constraining Development ; Latin America, judicial approach. Africa. 26. Unification of Europe : 13. Delegated legislation and its constitutionality. (i) Post War Foundations ; NATO and European 14. Separation of powers and constitutional Community. governance. (ii) Consolidation and Expansion of European Community 15. Judicial review of administrative action. (iii) European Union. 16. Ombudsman: Lokayukta, Lokpal etc. 27. Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar International Law : World : 1. Nature and Definition of International Law. (i) Factors leading to the collapse of Soviet Communism 2. Relationship between International Law and and Soviet Union, 1985-1991. Municipal Law. (ii) Political Changes in East Europe 1989-2001. 3. State Recognition and State Succession. (iii) End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World 4. Law of the sea: Inland Waters, Territorial Sea, as the lone superpower. Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and High Seas. LAW 5. Individuals: Nationality, statelessness; Human PAPER-I Rights and procedures available for their Constitutional and administrative Law : enforcement. 1. Constitution and Constitutionalism:The 6. Territorial jurisdiction of States, Extradition and distinctive features of the Constitution. Asylum. 2. Fundamental Rights—Public interest litigation; 7. Treaties : Formation, application, termination and Legal Aid; Legal services authority. reservation. 3. Relationship between Fundamental rights, 8. United Nations : Its principal organs, powers Directive principles and Fundamental duties. and functions and reform. 4. Constitutional Position of the President and 9. Peaceful settlement of disputes—different modes. relation with the Council of Ministers. 10. Lawful recourse to force : aggressions, self- 5. Governor and his powers. defence, intervention. 6. Supreme Court and the High Courts: 11. Fundamental principles of international (a) Appointments and transfer. humanitarian law—International conventions and (b) Powers, functions and jurisdiction. contemporary developments. 7. Centre, States and local bodies: 12. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on (a) Distribution of legislative powers between the testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear non- Union and the States. proliferation treaty, CTST. (b) Local Bodies. 13. International Terrorism, State sponsored terrorism, (c) Administrative relationship among Union, Hijacking, International Criminal Court. State and Local Bodies. 14. New International Economic Order and Monetary (d) Eminent domain-State property-common Law : WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF, World Bank. property-community property. 15. Protection and Improvement of the Human 8. Legislative powers, privileges and immunities. Environment : International Efforts. 164 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

PAPER II Contemporary Legal Developments Law of Crimes :— 1. Public Interest Litigation. 1. General principles of Criminal liability : mens rea 2. Intellectual property rights—Concept, types/ and actus reus, mens rea in statutory offences. prospects. 2. Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as to 3. Information Technology Law including Cyber abolition of capital punishment. Laws—Concept, purpose/prospects. 3. Preparations and criminal attempt. 4. Competition Law—Concept, purpose/prospects. 4. General exceptions. 5. Alternate Dispute Resolution—Concept, types/ prospects. 5. Joint and constructive liability. 6. Abetment. 6. Major statutes concerning environmental law. 7. Criminal conspiracy. 7. Right to Information Act. 8. Offences against the State. 8. Trial by media. 9. Offences against public tranquility. Literature of the following languages : 10. Offences against human body. NOTE (i).—A candidate may be required to answer some 11. Offences against property. or all the Questions in the language concerned. 12. Offences against women. NOTE (ii).—In regard to the languages included in the 13. Defamation. Eighth Schedule to Constitution, the scripts will be the same as indicated in Section II (B) of Appendix I relating to the 14. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. Main Examination. 15. Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and NOTE (iii).—Candidates should note that the questions subsequent legislative developments. not required to be answered in a specific language will have 16. Plea bargaining. to be answered in the language medium indicated by them for Law of Torts answering papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional 1. Nature and definition. Subjects. 2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability; ASSAMESE Absolute liability. PAPER I 3. Vicarious liability including State Liability. 4. General defences. [Answers must be written in Assamese] 5. Joint tort fessors. Section A 6. Remedies. Language 7. Negligence. (a) History of the origin and development of the 8. Defamation. Assamese Language —its position among the Indo- 9. Nuisance. Aryan language—periods in its history. 10. Conspiracy. (b) Development of Assamese prose. 11. False imprisonment. 12. Malicious prosecution. (c) Vowels and consonants of the Assamese Language— 13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986. Rules of phonetic changes with stress on Assamese coming down from Old Indo-Aryan. Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law 1. Nature and formation of contract/E-contract. (d) Assamese vocabulary—and its sources. 2. Factors vitiating free consent. (e) Morphology of the language—conjugation—enclitic 3. Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceable definitives and pleonastic suffixes. agreements. (f) Dilectical divergences—the Standard colloquial and 4. Performance and discharge of contracts. the Kamrupi dialect in particular. 5. Quasi-contracts. (g) Assamese script—its evolution through the ages till 6. Consequences of breach of contract. 19th century A.D. 7. Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance. Section B 8. Contract of agency. 9. Sale of goods and hire purchase. Literary Criticism and Literary History 10. Formation and dissolution of partnership. (a) Principles of literary criticism up to New criticism. 11. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. (b) Different literary genres. 12. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. (c) Development of literary forms in Assamese. 13. Standard form contracts. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 165

(d) Development of literary criticism in Assamese. 1. The chronological track from Proto Indo-European to (e) Periods of the literary history of Assam from the Bangla (Family tree with branches and approximate earliest beginnings, i.e. from the period of the dates). charyyageeta with their socio-cultural background : 2. Historical stages of Bangla (Old, Middle, New) and their the proto Assamese Pre-Sankaradeva— linguistic features. Sankaradeva—Post-Sankaradeva—Modern period 3. Dialects of Bangla and their distinguishing (from the coming of the Britishers)—Post- characteristics. Independence period. Special emphasis is to be given 4. Elements of Bangla Vocabulary. on the Vaisnavite period, the gonaki and the post- 5. Forms of Bangla Literary Prose—Sadhu and Chalit. independence periods. 6. Processes of language change relevant for Bangla : PAPER II Apinihiti (Anaptyxis), Abhishruti (umlaut), This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts Murdhanyibhavan (cerebralization), Nasikyibhavan prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical (Nasalization), Samibhavan (Assimilation), Sadrishya ability. (Analogy), Svaragama (Vowel insertion) —Adi Svaragama, Madhya Svaragama or Svarabhakti, Antya [Answers must be written in Assamese] Svaragama, Svarasangati (Vowel harmony), y—shruti Section A and w—shruti. Râmâyana (Ayodhyâ Kânda —by Madhava Kandali only) 7. Problems of standardization and reform of alphabet and Pârijât-Harana —by Sankaradeva. spelling, and those of transliteration and Romanization. Râsakrîdâ —by Sankaradeva (From 8. Phonology, Morphology and Syntax of Modern Bangla. Kirtana Ghosa) (Sounds of Modern Bangla, Conjuncts; word formations, Bârgeet —by Madhavadeva. compounds; basic sentence patterns.) Râjasûya —by Madhavadeva. Section B : Topics from the History of Bangla Literature. Kathâ-Bhâgavata —by Baikurthanath 1. Periodization of Bangla Literature : Old Bangla and (Books I and II) Bhattacharyya. Middle Bangla. Gurucarit-Kathâ —ed. by Maheswar Neog. 2. Points of difference between modern and pre-modern (Sankaradeva’s Part only) Bangla Literature. SECTION B 3. Roots and reasons behind the emergence of modernity Mor Jeevan Soñwaran —by Lakshminath in Bangla Literature. Bezbaroa. 4. Evolution of various Middle Bangla forms ; Mangal Kripâbar Borbaruâr —by Lakshminath Kavyas, Vaishnava lyrics, Adapted narratives Kakatar Topola Bezbaroa. (Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagavata) and religious Pratimâ —by Chandra Kumar biographies. Agarwalla. 5. Secular forms in middle Bangla literature. Gâonburhâ —by Padmanath Gohain 6. Narrative and lyric trends in the nineteenth century Barua. Bangla poetry. Manomatî —by Rajanikanta 7. Development of prose. Bordoloi. 8. Bangla dramatic literature (nineteenth century, Tagore, Purani Asamîyâ Sâhitya —by Banikanta Kakati. Post-1944 Bangla drama). Kârengar Ligirî —by Jyotiprasad 9. Tagore and post-Tagoreans. Agarwalla 10. Fiction, major authors : Jeevanar Bâtat —by Bina Barva Bankimchandra, Tagore, Saratchandra, Bibhutibhusan, (Birinchi Tarasankar, Manik ). Kumar Barua) 11. Women and Bangla literature : creators and created. Mrityunjoy —by Birendrakumar PAPER II Bhattacharyya Prescribed texts for close study Samrât —by Navakanta Barua [Answers must be written in Bengali] BENGALI Section A PAPER 1 1. Vaishnava Padavali (Calcutta University) History of Language and Literature. Poems of Vidyapati, Chandidas, Jnanadas, Govindadas and Balaramdas. [Answers must be written in Bengali] 2. Chandimangal Kalketu episode by Mukunda (Sahitya Section A : Topics from the History of Bangla language Akademi). 166 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

3. Chaitanya Charitamrita, Madhya Lila by Krishnadas (Answers must be written in Bodo) Kaviraj (Sahitya Akademi). Section A 4. Meghnadbadh Kavya by Madhusudan Dutta. (a) Khonthai-Methai 5. Kapalkundala by Bankimchandra Chatterjee. (Edited by Madaram Brahma & Rupnath Brahma.) 6. Samya and Bangadesher Krishak by Bankimchandra (b) Hathorkhi-Hala Chatterjee. (Edited by Pramod Chandra Brahma) 7. Sonar Tari by Rabindranath Tagore. (c) Boroni Gudi Sibsa Arw Aroz : Madaram Brahma 8. Chhinnapatravali by Rabindranath Tagore. (d) Raja Nilambar : Dwarendra Nath Basumatary (e) Bibar (prose section) Section B (Edited by Satish Chandra Basumatary). 9. Raktakarabi by Rabindranath Tagore. Section B 10. Nabajatak by Rabindranath Tagore. (a) Bibi Bithai (Aida Nwi) : Bihuram Boro 11. Grihadaha by Saratchandra Chatterjee. (b) Radab : Samar Brahma Chaudhury 12. Prabandha Samgraha, Vol. 1, by Pramatha Choudhuri. (c) Okhrang Gongse Nangou : Brajendra Kumar Brahma 13. Aranyak by Bibhutibhusan Banerjee. (d) Baisagu Arw Harimu : Laksheswar Brahma 14. Short stories by Manik Bandyopadhyay : Atashi Mami, (e) Gwdan Boro : Manoranjan Lahary Pragaitihasik, Holud-Pora, Sarisrip, Haraner Natjamai, (f) Jujaini Or : Chittaranjan Muchahary Chhoto-Bokulpurer Jatri, Kustharogir Bou, Jakey Ghush (g) Mwihoor : Dharanidhar Wary Ditey Hoy. (h) Hor Badi Khwmsi : Kamal Kumar Brahma 15. Shrestha Kavita by Jibanananda Das. 16. Jagori by Satinath Bhaduri. (i) Jaolia Dewan : Mangal Singh Hozowary 17. Ebam Indrajit by Badal Sircar. (j) Hagra Guduni Mwi : Nilkamal Brahma PAPER I DOGRI PAPER I History of Bodo Language and Literature HISTORY OF DOGRI LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE [Answers must be written in Bodo] (Answers must be written in Dogri) Section A Section A History of Bodo Language History of Dogri Language 1. Homeland, language family, its present status and its 1. Dogri language: Origin and development through mutual contact with Assamese. different stages. 2. (a) phonemes : Vowel and Consonant Phonemes 2. Linguistic boundaries of Dogri and its dialects. (b) Tones. 3. Characteristic features of Dogri Language. 3. Morphology : Gender, Case and Case endings, Plural 4. Structure of Dogri Langauge: suffix, Definitives, Verbal suffix. 4. Vocabulary and its sources. (a) Sound Structure: 5. Syntax : Types of sentences, Word Order Segmental : Vowels and Consonants 6. History of scripts used in writing Bodo Language since Non-segmental : Length, Stress, Nasalization, Tone inception. and Junture. Section B (b) Morphology of Dogri: History of Bodo Literature (i) Inflection Categories: Gender, Number, Case, 1. General introduction of Bodo folk Literature. Person, Tense and Voice. 2. Contribution of the Missionaries. (ii) Word Formation; use of prefixes, infixes and 3. Periodization of Bodo Literature. suffixes. 4. Critical analysis of different genre (Poetry, Novel, Short (iii) Vocabulary: tatsam, tadbhav, foreign and Story and Drama) regional. 5. Translation Literature. (c) Sentence Structure; Major Sentence-types and their Paper II constituents, agreement and concord in Dogri syntax. The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of 5. Dogri Language and Scripts: Dogre/Dogra Akkhar, the candidates. Devanagari and Persia. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 167

Section B 2. Ajakani Dogri Kahani Part-II History of Dogri Language The following Short Story Writers : 1. A brief account of Pre-independence Dogri Literature: Ved Rahi, Narsingh Dev Jamwal, Om Goswami, Poetry & Prose. Chahttrapal, Lalit Magotra, Chaman Arora and Ratan Kesar. 2. Development of modern Dogri Poetry and main trends in Dogri Poetry. 3. Khatha Kunj Bhag II The following Story Writers : 3. Development of Dogri short-story, main trends and prominent short-story writers. Om Vidyarthi, Champa Sharma and Krishan Sharma. 4. Meel Patthar (collection of short stories) by Bandhu 4. Development of Dogri Novel, main trends and Sharma. contribution of Dogri Novelists. 5. Kaiddi (Novel) by Desh Bandhu Dogra Nutan. 5. Development of Dogri Drama and contribution of 6. Nanga Rukkh (Novel) by O.P. Sharma Sarathi. prominent playwrights. 7. Nayaan (Drama) by Mohan Singh. 6. Development of Dogri Prose; Essays, Memoirs and 8. Satrang (A collection of one act plays). travelogues. The following play wrights : 7. An introduction to Dogri Folk Literature—Folk songs, Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Ram Nath Shastri, Jitendra Folk tales 7 Ballads. Sharma, Lalit Magotra and Madan Mohan Sharma. PAPER -II 9. Dogri Lalit Nibandh TEXTUAL CRITICISM OF DOGRI LITERATURE The following authors: (Answers must be written in Dogri) Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Narayan Mishra, Balkrishan Section A Shastri, Shiv Nath, Shyam Lal Sharma, Lakshmi Narayan, Poetry D.C. Prashant, Ved Ghai, Kunwar Viyogi. 1. Azadi Paihle Di Dogri Kavita ENGLISH The following poets: The syllabus consists of two papers, designed to test a first- Devi Ditta, Lakkhu, Ganga Ram, Ramdhan, Hardutt, hand and critical reading of texts prescribed from the following Pahari Gandhi Baba Kanshi Ram & Permanand Almast periods in English Literature : Paper 1 : 1600-1900 and Paper 2 : 1900–1990. 2. Modern Dogri Poetry There will be two compulsory questions in each paper : (a) A Azadi Bad Di Dogri Kavita short-notes question related to the topics for general study, The following poets : and (b) A critical analysis of UNSEEN passages both in prose Kishan Smailpuri, Tara Smailpuri, Mohan Lal Sapolia, and verse. Yash Sharma, K.S. Madhukar, Padma Sachdev, Jitendra PAPER I Udhampuri, Charan Singh and Prakash Premi (Answers must be written in English) 3. Sheeraza Dogri Number 102, Ghazal Ank Texts for detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also The following poets : be required to show adequate knowledge of the following topics Ram Lal Sharma, Ved Pal Deep, N.D. Jamwal, Shiv Ram and movements : Deep, Ashwini Magotra and Virendra Kesar The Renaissance; Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama; 4. Sheeraza Dogri Number 147, Ghazal Ank Metaphysical Poetry; The Epic and the Mock-epic; Neo- classicism; Satire; The Romantic Movement; The Rise of the The following poets: Novel; The Victorian Age. R.N. Shastri, Jitendra Udhampuri, Champa Sharma and Darshan Darshi. Section A 5. Ramayan (Epic) by Shambhu Nath Sharma (up to Ayodhya Kand) 1. William Shakespeare : King Lear and The Tempest. 6. Veer Gulab (Khand Kavya) by Dinoo Bhai Pant. 2. John Donne. The following poems : Section B –Canonization; Prose –Death be not proud; 1. Ajakani Dogri Kahani –The Good Morrow; The following Short Story Writers : –On his Mistress going to bed; Madan Mohan Sharma, Narendra Khajuri and B.P. Sathe –The Relic; 168 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

3. John Milton : Paradise Lost, I, II, IV, IX. – The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. 4. Alexander Pope. The Rape of the Lock. – Journey of the Magi. 5. William Wordsworth. The following poems : – Burnt Norton. – Ode on Intimations of Immortality. 3. W.H. Auden. The following poems : – Partition – Tintern Abbey. – Musee des Beaux Arts – Three years she grew. – In Memory of W.B. Yeats – She dwelt among untrodden ways. – Lay your sleeping head, my love – Michael. – The Unknown Citizen – Resolution and Independence. – Consider – The World is too much with us. – Mundus Et Infans – Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour. – The Shield of Achilles – Upon Westminster Bridge. – September 1, 1939 6. Alfred Tennyson : In Memoriam. – Petition 4. John Osborne : Look Back in Anger. 7. Henrik Ibsen : A Doll’s House 5. Samuel Beckett. Waiting for Godot. Section B 6. Philip Larkin. The following poems : 1. Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels. – Next 2. Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice. – Please 3. Henry Fielding. Tom Jones. – Deceptions 4. Charles Dickens. Hard Times. – Afternoons 5. George Eliot. The Mill on the Floss. – Days 6. Thomas Hardy. Tess of the d’Urbervilles. – Mr. Bleaney 7. Mark Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 7. A.K. Ramanujan. The following poems : – Looking for a Cousin on a Swing PAPER II – A River (Answers must be written in English) – Of Mothers, among other Things Texts for detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also – Love Poem for a Wife 1 be required to show adequate knowledge of the following topics – Small-Scale Reflections on a Great House and movements : – Obituary Modernism; Poets of the Thirties; The stream- (All these poems are available in the anthology Ten of-consciousness Novel; Absurd Drama; Colonialism and Twentieth Century Indian Poets, edited by Post-Colonialism; Indian Writing in English; Marxist, R. Parthasarthy, published by Oxford University Psychoanalytical and Feminist approaches to literature; Post- Press, New Delhi). Modernism. Section B Section A 1. Joseph Conrad. Lord Jim. 1. William Butler Yeats. The following poems : 2. James Joyce. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. – Easter 1916. 3. D.H. Lawrence. Sons and Lovers. – The Second Coming. 4. E.M. Forster. A Passage to India. – A Prayer for my daughter. 5. Virginia Woolf. Mrs. Dalloway. – Sailing to Byzantium. 6. Raja Rao. Kanthapura. – The Tower. 7. V.S. Naipaul. A House for Mr. Biswas. – Among School Children. GUJARATI PAPER I – Leda and the Swan. (Answers must be written in Gujarati) – Meru. Section A – Lapis Lazuli. Gujarati Language : Form and History – The Second Coming. (1) History of Gujarati Language with special – Byzantium. reference to New Indo-Aryan i.e. last one 2. T.S. Eliot. The following poems : thousand years. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 169

(2) Significant features of the Gujarati language : (viii) Saraswatichandra-Part 1—GOVARDHANRAM phonology, morphology and syntax. TRIPATHI (3) Major dialects : Surti, pattani, charotari and (ix) Purvalap—‘KANT’ (MANISHANKAR RATNAJI Saurashtri. BHATT) History of Gujarati literature (x) Raino Parvat—RAMANBHAI NEELKANTH Medieval : Section B 4. Jaina tradition 1. Gandhiyug & Anu Gandhiyug 5. Bhakti tradition : Sagun and Nirgun (Jnanmargi) (i) Hind Swaraj—MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND 6. Non-sectarian tradition (Laukik parampara) GANDHI Modern : (ii) Patanni Prabhuta—KANHAIYALAL MUNSHI 7. Sudharak yug (iii) Kavyani Shakti—RAMNARAYAN VISHWANATH 8. Pandit yug PATHAK 9. Gandhi yug (iv) Saurashtrani Rasdhar-Part 1—ZAVERCHAND 10. Anu-Gandhi yug MEGHANI 11. Adhunik yug (v) Manvini Bhavai—PANNALAL PATEL Section B (vi) Dhvani—RAJENDRA SHAH Literary Forms : (Salient features, history and development 2. Adhunik yug of the following literary forms :) (vii) Saptapadi—UMASHANKAR JOSHI (a) Medieval (viii) Janantike—SURESH JOSHI 1. Narratives : Rasa, Akhyan and Padyavarta (ix) Ashwatthama—SITANSHU YASHASCHANDRA. 2. Lyrical: Pada (b) Folk HINDI 3. Bhavai PAPER I (c) Modern (Answers must be written in Hindi) 4. Fiction : Novel and Short Story Section A 5. Drama 1. History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi 6. Literary Essay I. Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, 7. Lyrical Poetry Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi. (d) Criticism II. Development of Braj and Awadhi as Literary 8. History of theoretical Gujarati criticism language during medieval period. 9. Recent research in folk tradition. III. Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. and Dakhni PAPER II Hindi. (Answers must be written in Gujarati) IV. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts 19th Century. prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidate. V. Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi. Section A VI. Development of Hindi as a National Language during freedom movement. 1. Medieval VII. The development of Hindi as a National Language (i) Vasantvilas phagu—AJNATKRUT of Union of India. (ii) Kadambari—BHALAN VIII. Scientific & Technical Development of Hindi (iii) Sudamacharitra—PREMANAND Language. (iv) Chandrachandravatini varta—SHAMAL IX. Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter- (v) Akhegeeta—AKHO relationship. 2. Sudharakyug & Pandityug X. Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for (vi) Mari Hakikat—NARMADASHA its reform & Standard form of Hindi. (vii) Farbasveerah—DALPATRAM XI. Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi. 170 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

Section B PAPER II 2. History of Hindi Literature (Answers must be written in Hindi) I. The relevance and importance of Hindi literature The paper will require first-hand reading of the and tradition of writing History of Hindi Literature. prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the II. Literary trends of the following four periods of candidates. history of Hindi Literature. Section A A : Adikal—Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya. 1. Kabir : Kabir Granthawali, Ed. Shyam Prominent poets—Chandvardai, Khusaro, Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis) Hemchandra, Vidyapati. 2. Soordas : Bhramar Geetsar, Ed. Ramchandra B : Bhaktikal—Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Shukla (First hundred Padas) Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara. Prominent Poets—Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi. 3. Tulsidas : Ramcharit Manas (Sundar Kand) C : Ritikal—Ritikavya, Ritibaddhkavya & Riti Mukta Kavitawali (Uttarkand) Kavya. Prominent Poets—Keshav, Bihari, 4. Jayasi : Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das Padmakar and Ghananand. (Sinhal Dwip Khand & D : Adhunik Kal— Nagmativiyog Khand) a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, 5. Bihari : Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Bharatendu Mandal. Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas) b. Prominent Writers—Bharatendu, Bal Krishna 6. Maithili Sharan : Bharat Bharati Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra. Gupta c. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry: 7. Prasad : Kamayani (Chinta and Shraddha Chhayavad, Pragativad, Prayogvad, Nai Kavita, Sarg) Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi 8. Nirala : Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma Kavita. (Ram Ki Shakti Pooja & Kukurmutta) Prominent Poets—Maithili Sharan Gupta, 9. Dinkar : Kurukshetra Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun. 10. Agyeya : Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Veena) 3. Katha Sahitya 11. Muktiboth : Brahm Rakhashas B 12. Nagarjun : Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal A : Upanyas & Realism Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha. B : The origin and development of Hindi Novels. Section B C : Prominent Novelists—Premchand, Jain- endra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani. 1. Bharatendu : Bharat Durdasha D : The origin and development of Hindi short story. 2. Mohan Rakesh : Ashadh Ka Ek Din E : Prominent Short Story Writers—Premchand, 3. Ramchandra : Chintamani (Part I) (Kavita Kya Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Shukla Hai, Shraddha Aur Bhakti) Sobti. 4. Dr. Satyendra : Nibandh Nilaya—Bal Krishna 4. Drama & Theatre Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas A : The Origin & Development of Hindi Drama. Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai. B : Prominent Dramatists—Bharatendu, Prasad, 5. Premchand Godan, Premchand ki Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Mohan Rakesh. Amrit Rai/Manjusha—Prem C : The development of Hindi Theatre. Chand ki Sarvashreshtha 5. Criticism Kahaniyan. Ed. Amrit Rai. A : The origin and development of Hindi criticism : 6. Prasad : Skandgupta Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi. 7. Yashpal : Divya Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana. 8. Phaniswar Nath : Maila Anchal B : Prominent critics—Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Renu Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra. 9. Mannu Bhandari : Mahabhoj 6. The other form of Hindi prose—Lalit Nibandh,Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant. 10. Rajendra Yadav : Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories) ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 171

KANNADA Section A PAPER-I A. Old Kannada Literature (Answers must be written in Kannada) 1. Vikramaarjuna Vijaya of Pampa (Cantos 12 & 13), Section A (Mysore University Pub.) A. History of Kannada Language 2. Vaddaraadhane (Sukumaraswamyia Kathe, What is Language ? General characteristics of Language. Vidyutchorana Kathe) Dravidian Family of Languages and its specific features. Antiquity of Kannada Language. Different phases of B. Medieval Kannada Literature its Development. 1. Vachana, Kammata, Ed. K. Marulasiddappa K.R. Dialects of Kannada Language : Regional and Social. Nagaraj (Bangalore University Pub.) Various aspects of developments of Kannada Language: phonological and Semantic changes. Language borrowing. 2. Janapriya Kanakasamputa, Ed. D. Javare Gowda (Kannada and Culture Directorate, Bangalore) B. History of Kannada Literature Ancient Kannada literature : Influence and Trends, Poets for 3. Nambiyannana Ragale, Ed., T.N. Sreekantaiah (Ta. study : Specified poets from Pampa to Ratnakara Varni Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore) are to be studied in the light of contents, form and 4. Kumaravyasa Bharata : Karna Parva (Mysore expression : Pampa, Janna, Nagachandra. University) Medieval Kannada literature : Influence and Trends. 5. Bharatesha Vaibhava Sangraha Ed Ta. Su. Shama Rao Vachana Literature : Basavanna, Akka Mahadevi. (Mysore University) Medieval Poets : Harihara, Raghavanka, Kumara-Vyasa. Section B Dasa literature : Purandara and Kanaka. Sangataya : Ratnakarvarni A. Modern Kannada Literature C. Modern Kannada literature : Influence, trends and 1. Poetry : Hosagannada Kavite, Ed. G.H. Nayak ideologies, Navodaya, Pragatishila, Navya, Dalita and (Kannada Saahitya Parishattu, Bandaya. Bangalore) Section B 2. Novel : Bettada Jeeva—Shivarama Karanta A. Poetics and Literary Criticism Madhavi—Anupama Niranjana Definition and concepts of poetry; Word, Meaning, Odalaala-Deva-nuru Mahadeva Alankara, Reeti, Rasa, Dhwani, Auchitya. 3. Short Story : Kannada Sanna Kathegalu, Ed. G.H. Interpretations of Rasa Sutra. Modern Trends of literary criticism : Formalist, Historical, Marxist, Feminist, Post- Nayak (Sahitya Academy, New Delhi) colonial criticism. 4. Drama : Shudra Tapaswi—Kuvempu. B. Cultural History of Karnataka Tughalak—Girish Karnad. Contribution of Dynasties to the culture of Karnataka: 5. Vichara : Devaru—A.N. Moorty Rao (Pub: D.V.K. Chalukyas of Badami and Kalyani, Rashtrakutas, Sahitya : Moorty, Mysore.) Hoysalas, Vijayanagara rulers, in literary context. Major religions of Karnataka and their cultural B. Folk Literature : contribution. 1. Janapada Swaroopa—Dr. H.M. Nayak. (Ta. Vem. Arts of Karnataka ; Sculpture, Architecture, Painting, Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore.) Music, Dance—in the literary context. 2. Janpada Geetaanjali—Ed. D. Javare Gowda. Unification of Karnataka and its impact of Kannada (Pub : Sahitya Academy, New Delhi). literature. 3. Kannada Janapada Kathegalu—Ed. J.S. PAPER-II Paramashiviaah (Mysore University). (Answers must be written in Kannada) 4. Beedi Makkalu Beledo. Ed. Kalegowda Nagavara The Paper will require first-hand reading of the Texts (Pub : Bangalore University). prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidates. 5. Savirada Ogatugalu—Ed. S.G. Imrapura. 172 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

KASHMIRI Section B PAPER-I 1. An analytical study of the short story in Kashmiri. (Answers must be written in Kashmiri) (i) Afsana Majmu’a, published by the Deptt. of Section A Kashmiri, University of Kashmir. 1. Genealogical relationship of the Kashmiri language: (ii) Kashur Afsana Az, published by the Sahitya Akademi. various theories. (iii) Hamasar Kashur Afsana, published by the Sahitya 2. Areas of occurence and dialects (geographical/social) Akademi. 3. Phonology and grammar: The following short story writers only : Akhtar Mohi-ud Din, i. Vowel and consonant system; Kamil, Hari Krishan Kaul, Hraday Kaul Bharti, Bansi Nirdosh, ii. Nouns and pronouns with various case inflections; Gulshan Majid. iii. Verbs: various types and tenses. 2. Novel in Kashmiri : 4. Syntactic structure: (i) Mujrim by G. N. Gowhar i. Simple, active and declarative statements; (ii) Marun—Ivan Ilyichun, (Kashmiri version of ii. Coordination; Tolstoy’s) The Death of Ivan Ilyich (published by Kashmiri Deptt.) iii. Relativisation. 3. Drama in Kashmiri : Section B 1. Kashmiri literature in the 14th century (Socio-cultural (i) Natuk Kariv Band by Hari Krishan Kaul and intellectual background with special reference to (ii) Qk Angy Natuk, ed. Motilal Keemu, published by Lal Dyad and Sheikhul Alam). the Sahitya Akademi. 2. Nineteenth century Kashmiri literature (development of (iii) Razi Oedipus, tr. Naji Munawar, published by the various genres : vatsun; ghazal and mathnavi. Sahitya Akademi. 3. Kashmiri literature in the first half of the twentieth century 4. Kashmiri Folk Literature : (with special reference to Mahjoor and Azad; various (i) Kashur Luki Theatre by Mohammad Subhan Bhagat, literary influences). published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of 4. Modern Kashmiri literature (with special reference to Kashmir. the development of the short story, drama, novel and (ii) Kashiry Luki Beeth (all volumes) published by the nazm). J&K Cultural Akademy. KONKANI PAPER-II PAPER -I (Answers must be written in Kashmiri) (Answers must be written in Konkani) Section A Section A 1. Intensive study of Kashmiri poetry up to the nineteenth History of the Konkani Language : century : (i) Origin and development of the language and (i) Lal Dyad, influences on it. (ii) Sheikhul Aalam (ii) Major variants of Konkani and their linguistic (iii) Habba Khatoon features. 2. Kashmiri poetry : 19th Century (iii) Grammatical and lexicographic work in Konkani, (i) Mahmood Gami (Vatsans) including a study of cases, adverbs, indeclinables (ii) Maqbool shah (Gulrez) and voices. (iii) Rasool Mir (Ghazals) (iv) Old Standard Konkani, New Standard and (iv) Abdul Ahad Nadim (N’at) Standardisation problems. (v) Krishanjoo Razdan (Shiv Lagun) Section B (vi) Sufi Poets (Test in Sanglaab, published by the Deptt. History of Konkani Literature of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir) Candidates would be expected to be well-acquainted with 3. Twentieth Century Kashmiri poetry (text in Azich Kashir Konkani literature and its social and cultural background and Shairi, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University consider the problems and issues arising out of them. of Kashmir). (i) History of Konkani literature from its probable 4. Literary criticism and research work : development and source to the present times, with emphasis on its various trends. major works, writers and movements. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 173

(ii) Social and cultural background of the making of 2. Origin and development of Maithili language. (Sanskrit, Konkani literature from time to time. Prakrit, Avhatt, Maithili) (iii) Indian and Western influences on Konkani litera- 3. Periodic division of Maithili Language. (Beginning, ture, from the earliest to modern times. Middle era, Modern era). (iv) Modern literary trends in the various genres and 4. Maithili and its different dialects. regions including a study of Konkani folklore. 5. Relationship between Maithili and other Eastern PAPER-II languages (Bengali, Asamese, Oriya) (Answers must be written in Konkani) 6. Origin and Development of Tirhuta Script. Textual Criticism of Konkani Literature 7. Pronouns and Verbs in Maithili Language. The paper will be designed to test the candidate’s critical PART B and analytical abilities. Candidates would be expected to be History of Maithili Literature well-acquainted with Konkani Literature and required to have first-hand reading of the following texts : 1. Background of Maithili Literature (Religious, Economic, Section A : Prose Social, Cultural). 1. (a) Konkani Mansagangotri (excluding poetry) ed. 2. Periodic division of Maithili literature. by Prof : Olivinho Gomes. 3. Pre-Vidyapati Literature. (b) Old Konkani language and literature—the 4. Vidyapati and his tradition. Portuguese Role 5. Medieval Maithili Drama (Kirtaniya Natak, Ankia Nat, 2. (a) Otmo Denvcharak—a novel by A. V. da Cruz. Maithili dramas written in Nepal). (b) Vadoll ani Varem—a novel by Antonio Pereira. 6. Maithili Folk Literature (Folk Tales, Folk Drama, Folk (c) Devache Kurpen—a novel by V.J.P. Saldanha. Stories, Folk Songs). 3. (a) Vajralikhani—Shenoy goem-bab-An anthology- 7. Development of different literary forms in modern era : ed. by Shantaram Varde Valavalikar. (a) Prabandh-kavya (b) Konkani Lalit Niband—Essays-ed. by Shyam (b) Muktak-kavya Verenkar. (c) Novel (c) Teen Dasakam—An anthology—ed. by (d) Short Story Chandrakant Keni. (e) Drama 4. (a) Demand—Drama-by Pundalik Naik. (f) Essay (b) Kadambini: A Miscellany of Modern Prose—ed. by Prof. O.J.F. Gomes and Smt. P.S. Tadkodkar. (g) Criticism (c) Ratha Tujeo Ghudieo—by Smt. Jayanti Naik. (h) Memoirs Section B : Poetry (i) Translation 1. (a) Ev ani Mori : Poetry by Eduardo Bruno de Souza. 8. Development of Maithili Magazines and Journals. (b) Abravanchem Yadnyadan—by Luis Mascarenhas. PAPER -II 2. (a) Godde Ramayan—ed. by R.K. Rao. (Answers must be written in Maithili) (b) Ratnahar I and II—collection of poems—ed. R. V. The paper will require first-hand reading of the prescribed Pandit. texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates. 3. (a) Zayo Zuyo—poems- Manohar L. Sardessai. PART A (b) Kanadi Mati Konkani Kavi—Anthology of Poetry Poems—ed. Pratap Naik. 1. Vidyapati Geet-Shati—Publisher : Sahitya Akademi, New 4. (a) Adrushatache Kalle—Poems by Pandurang Delhi (Lyrics— 1 to 50) Bhangui. 2. Govind Das Bhajanavali—Publisher : Maithili Acadamy, (b) Yaman—Poems by Madhav Borkar. Patna (Lyrics— 1 to 25) MAITHILI 3. Krishnajanm—Manbodh PAPER I 4. Mithilabhasha Ramayana—Chanda Jha (only Sunder- HISTORY OF MAITHILI LANGUAGE AND Kand) ITS LITERATURE 5. Rameshwar Charit Mithila Ramayan—Lal Das (only (Answers must be written in Maithili) Bal-kand) PART A 6. Keechak-Vadh—Tantra Nath Jha. History of Maithili Language 7. Datta-Vati—Surendra Jah ‘Suman’ (only 1st and 2nd 1. Place of Maithili in Indo-European Language family. Cantos). 174 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

8. Chitra-Yatri 4.4 Kilippattu, Tullal and Mahakavya. 9. Samakaleen Maithili Kavita—Publisher: Sahitaya 5—Modern Literature—Poetry : Akademi, New Delhi. 5.1 Venmani poets and contemporaries. PART-B 5.2 The advent of Romanticism—Poetry of Kavitraya 10. Varna Ratnakar—Jyotirishwar (only 2nd Kallol) i.e., Asan, Ulloor and Vallathol. 11. Khattar Kakak Tarang—Hari Mohan Jha 5.3 Poetry after Kavitraya. 12. Lorik—Vijaya Manipadma 5.4 Modernism in Malayalam Poetry. 13. Prithvi Putra—Lalit 6—Modern Literature—Prose : 14. Bhaphait Chahak Jinagi—Sudhanshu ‘Shekhar’ 6.1 Drama. Choudhary 6.2 Novel. 15. Kriti Rajkamlak—Publisher: Maithili Acadamy, Patna 6.3 Short story. (First Ten Stories only) 6.4 Biography, travelogue, essay and criticism. 16. Katha–Sangrah–Publisher: Maithili Acadamy, Patna. PAPER-II MALAYALAM (Answers must be written in Malayalam) PAPER-I This paper will require first hand reading of the texts (Answers must be written in Malayalam) prescribed and is designed to test the candidate’s critical Section A ability. 1—Early phase of Malayalam Language : Section A 1.1 Various theories : Origin from proto Dravidian, Tamil, Unit 1 Sanskrit. 1.1 Ramacharitam—Patalam 1. 1.2 Relation between Tamil and Malayalam : Six nayas of 1.2 Kannassaramayanam—Balakandam first 25 A. R. Rajarajavarma. stanzas. 1.3 Pattu School—Definition, Ramacharitam, later pattu 1.3 Unnunilisandesam—Purvabhagam 25 slokas works—Niranam works and Krishnagatha. including Prastavana. 2—Linguistic features of : 1.4 Mahabharatham Kilippattu—Bhishmaparvam. 2.1 Manipravalam—definition. Language of early Unit 2 manipravala works—Champu, Sandesakavya, 2.1 Kumaran Asan—Chintavisthayaya Sita. Chandrotsava, minor works. Later manipravala 2.2 Vailoppilli—Kutiyozhikkal. works—medieval Champu and Attakkatha. 2.3 G. Sankara Kurup—Perunthachan. 2.2 Folklore—Southern and Northern ballads, Mappila songs. 2.4 N. V. Krishna Variar—Tivandiyile pattu. 2.3 Early Malayalam Prose—Bhashakautaliyam, Unit 3 Brahmandapuranam, Attaprakaram, Kramadipika and 3.1 O. N. V.—Bhumikkoru Charamagitam. Nambiantamil. 3.2 Ayyappa Panicker—Kurukshetram. 3—Standardisation of Malayalam : 3.3 Akkittam—Pandatha Messanthi. 3.1 Peculiarities of the language of Pana, Kilippattu and 3.4 Attur Ravivarma—Megharupan. Tullal. Section B 3.2 Contributions of indigenous and European mission- Unit 4 aries to Malayalam. 4.1 O. Chanthu Menon—Indulekha. 3.3 Characteristics of contemporary Malayalam; 4.2 Thakazhy—Chemmin. Malayalam as administrative language. Language of scientific and technical literature—media language. 4.3 O. V. Vijayan—Khasakkinte Ithihasam. Section B Unit 5 LITERARY HISTORY 5.1 M. T. Vasudevan Nair—Vanaprastham (Collection). 4—Ancient and Medieval Literature : 5.2 N. S. Madhavan—Higvitta (Collection). 4.1 Pattu—Ramacharitam, Niranam Works and 5.3 C. J. Thomas—1128-il Crime 27. Krishnagatha. Unit 6 4.2 Manipravalam—early and medieval manipravala 6.1 Kuttikrishna Marar—Bharataparyatanam. works including attakkatha and champu. 6.2 M. K. Sanu—Nakshatrangalute Snehabhajanam. 4.3 Folk Literature. 6.3 V. T. Bhatttathirippad—Kannirum Kinavum. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 175

MANIPURI (b) Medieval Manipuri Literature : PAPER-I 1. M. Chandra Singh (Ed.) : Samsok Ngamba (Answers must be written in Manipuri) 2. R.K. Snahal Singh (Ed.) : Ramayana Adi Kanda Section A 3. N. Khelchandra Singh (Ed.) : Dhananjoy Laibu Ningba Language : 4. O. Bhogeswar Singh (Ed.) : Chandrakirti Jila Changba (a) General characteristics of Manipuri Language and history Section B of its development; its importance and status among the Modern Manipuri Literature : Tibeto-Burman Languages of North-East India; recent development in the study of Manipuri Language; (a) Poetry and Epic : evolution and study of old Manipuri script. (I) Poetry : (b) Significant features of Manipuri Language : (a) Manipuri Sheireng (Pub) Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, 1998 (i) Phonology : Phoneme-vowels, consonants juncture, (Ed.) tone, consonant cluster and its occurrence, syllable- Kh. Chaoba Singh : Pi Thadoi, Lamgi Chekla its structure, pattern and types. Amada, Loktak (ii) Morphology : Word-class, root and its types; affix Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Nirjanata, Nirab Rajani and its types; grammatical categories-gender, number, person, case, tense and aspects, process of A. Minaketan Singh : Kamalda, Nonggumlalkkhoda. compounding (samas and sandhi). L. Samarendra Singh : Ingagi Nong, Mamang (iii) Syntax : Word order; types of sentences, phrase Leikai Thambal Satle and clause structures. E. Nilakanta Singh : Manipur, Lamangnaba Section B Shri Biren : Tangkhul Hui (a) Literary History of Manipuri : Th. Ibopishak : Anouba Thunglaba Jiba. Early period (up to 17th Century)–Social and cultural (b) Kanchi Sheireng. (Pub) Manipur University 1998 (Ed.) background; Themes, diction and style of the works. Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Biswa-Prem Medieval period (18th and 19th Century)-Social, religious Shri Biren : Chaphadraba Laigi Yen and political background; Themes, diction and style of the works. Th. Ibopishak : Norok Patal Prithivi Modern period-Growth of major literary forms; change (II) Epic : of Themes, diction and style. 1. A. Dorendrajit Singh : Kansa Bodha (b) Manipuri Folk Literature : 2. H. Anganghal Singh : Khamba-Thoibi Sheireng Legend, Folktale, Folksong, Ballad, Proverb and Riddle. (San-Senba, Lei Langba, (c) Aspects of Manipuri Culture : Shamu Khonggi Bichar) Pre-Hindu Manipuri Faith; Advent of Hinduism and the (III) Drama : process of syncreticism; 1. S. Lalit Singh : Areppa Marup Performing arts-Lai Haraoba, Maha Ras; 2. G.C. Tongbra : Matric Pass Indegenous games-Sagol Kangjei, Khong Kangjei, 3. A. Samarendra : Judge Saheb ki Imung Kang. (b) Novel, Short-story and Prose : PAPER-II (I) Novel : (Answers must be written in Manipuri) 1. Dr. L. Kamal Singh : Madhabi This paper will require first hand reading of the texts 2. H. Anganghal Singh : Jahera prescribed and will be designed to test candidate’s critical 3. H. Guno Singh : Laman ability to assess them. 4. Pacha Meetei : Imphal Amasung, Magi Section A Ishing, Nungsitki Phibam Old and Medieval Manipuri Literature : (II) Short-story : (a) Old Manipuri Literature : (a) Kanchi Warimacha (Pub) Manipur University 1997(Ed.) 1. O. Bhogeswar Singh (Ed.) : Numit Kappa R.K. Shitaljit Singh : Kamala Kamala 2. M. Gourachandra Singh (Ed.) : Thawanthaba Hiran M.K. Binodini : Eigi Thahoudraba Heitup 3. N. Khelchandra Singh (Ed.) : Naothingkhong Phambal Kaba Lalu 4. M. Chandra Singh (Ed.) : Panthoibi Khonggul Kh. Prakash : Wanom Shareng 176 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

(b) Parishadki Khangatlaba Warimacha (Pub) Manipuri Section B Sahitya Parishad 1994 (Ed.) (History of Literature and Literary Criticism) S. Nilbir Shastri : Loukhatpa (a) History of Marathi Literature R.K. Elangba : Karinunggi 1. From beginning to 1818 AD, with special reference to the following : The Mahanubhava writers, the Varkari (c) Anouba Manipuri Warimacha (Pub) The Cultural Forum poets, the Pandit poets, the Shahirs, Bakhar Literature. Manipur 1992 (Ed.) 2. From 1850 to 1990, with special reference to N. Kunjamohon Singh : Ijat Tanba developments in the following major forms : Poetry, E. Dinamani : Nongthak Khongnang Fiction (Novel and Short Story), Drama; and major literary currents and movements, Romantic, Realist, Modernist, (III) Prose : Dalit, Gramin, Feminist. (a) Warenggi Saklon [Due Part] (Pub) The Cultural Forum (b) Literary Criticism Manipur 1992 (Ed.) 1. Nature and function of Literature; Kh. Chaoba Singh : Khamba-Thoibigi Wari 2. Evaluation of Literature; Amasung Mahakavya 3. Nature, Objectives and Methods of Criticism; (b) Kanchi Wareng (Pub) Manipur University, 1998 (Ed.) 4. Literature, Culture and Society. B. Manisana Shastri : Phajaba PAPER-II Ch. Manihar Singh : Lai-Haraoba (Answer must be written in Marathi) (c) Apunba Wareng (Pub) Manipur University, 1986 (Ed.) Textual study of prescribed literary works. The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts Ch. Pishak Singh : Samaj Amasung Sanskriti prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate's critical M.K. Binodini : Thoibidu Warouhouida ability. Eric Newton : Kalagi Mahousa (translated Section A by I.R. Babu) (Prose) (d) Manipuri Wareng (Pub) The Cultural Forum Manipur (1) ‘Smritisthala’ 1999 (Ed.) (2) Mahatma Jotiba Phule S. Krishnamohan Singh : Lan ‘‘Shetkaryacha Asud’ ‘Sarvajanik Satyadharma’ MARATHI (3) S.V. Ketkar PAPER-I ‘Brahmankanya’ (Answers must be written in Marathi) (4) P.K. Atre Section A ‘Sashtang Namaskar’ (5) Sharchchandra Muktibodh Language and Folk-lore ‘Jana Hey Volatu Jethe’ (a) Nature and Functions of Language (6) Uddhav Shelke (with reference to Marathi) ‘Shilan’ Language as a signifying system : Langue and Parole; (7) Baburao Bagul Basic functions; Poetic Language; Standard Language ‘Jevha Mi Jaat Chorli Hoti’ and dialect; Language variations according to social (8) Gouri Deshpande parameters. ‘Ekek Paan Galavaya’ Linguistic features of Marathi in thirteenth century and (9) P.I. Sonkamble seventeenth century. ‘Athavaninche Pakshi’ (b) Dialects of Marathi Section B Ahirani; Varhadi; Dangi. (Poetry) (c) Marathi Grammar (1) ‘Namadevanchi Abhangawani’ Ed: Inamdar, Relekar, Mirajkar Parts of Speech; Case-system; Prayog-vichar (Voice). Modern Book Depot, Pune (d) Nature and kinds of Folk-lore (2) ‘Painjan’ (with special reference to Marathi) Ed : M.N. Adwant Lok-Geet, Lok Katha, Lok Natya. Sahitya Prasar Kendra, Nagpur ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 177

(3) ‘Damayanti-Swayamvar’ PAPER-II By Raghunath Pandit (Answers must be written in Nepali) (4) ‘Balakvinchi Kavita’ This paper will require first hand reading of the texts By Balkavi prescribed below and questions will be designed to test the (5) ‘Vishakha’ candidate's critical acumen. By Kusumagraj (6) ‘Maridgandh’ Section A By Vinda Karandikar 1. Santa Jnandil Das — Udaya Lahari (7) ‘Jahirnama’ By Narayan Surve 2. Lekhnath Poudyal —Tarun Tapasi (Vishrams III, V, VI, XII, XV, XVIII only) (8) ‘Sandhyakalchya Kavita’ By Grace 3. Agam Sing Giri — Jaleko Pratibimba Royeko (9) ‘Ya Sattet Jeev Ramat Nahi’ Pratidhwani (The By Namdev Dhasal following Poems only- Prasawako NEPALI Chichyahatsanga PAPER-I Byunjheko Ek Raat, (Answers must be written in Nepali) Chhorolai, Jaleko Pratibimba : Royeko Section A Pratidhwani, Hamro 1. History of the origin and development of Nepali Akashmani Pani Hunchha as one of the new Indo Aryan Languages. Ujyalo, Tihar). 2. Fundamentals of Nepali Grammar and phonology : 4. Haribhakta Katuwal — Yo Zinadagi Khai Ke (i) Nominal forms and categories :— Zindagi : (The following Gender, Number, Case, Adjectives, Pronouns, poems only-Jeevan : Ek Avyayas Dristi, Yo Zindagi Khai Ke Zindagi, Akashka Tara (ii) Verbal forms and categories :— Ke Tara, Hamilai Nirdho Tense, Aspects, Voice, Roots and Fixes Nasamjha, Khai Manyata (iii) Nepali Swara and Vyanjana; Yahan Atmahutiko 3. Major Dialects of Nepali Balidan Ko). 4. Standardisation and Modernisation of Nepali with 5. Balkrishna Sama — Prahlad. special reference to language movements (viz. Halanta Bahiskar, Jharrovad etc.) 6. Manbahadur Mukhia Andhyaroma Banchneharu (The 5. Teaching of Nepali language in India—Its history following One-Act only- and development with special reference to its socio-cultural Andhyaroma aspects. Banchneharu' ‘Suskera’) Section B 1. History of Nepali literature with special reference Section B to its development in India. 2. Fundamental concepts and theories of Literature : 1. Indra Sundas — Sahara. Kavya/Sahitya, Kavya Prayojan, Literary genres, 2. Lilbahadur Chhetri — Brahmaputra ko Shabda Shakti, Rasa, Alankara, Tragedy, Comedy, Aesthetics, Chheuchhau Stylistics. 3. Rupnarayan Sinha — Katha Navaratna 3. Major literary trends and movements— (The following Swachchhandatavad, Yatharthavad, Astitwavad, stories only—Biteka Ayamik Movement Contemporary Nepali writings, Kura, Jimmewari Kasko, Postmodernism. Dhanamatiko Cinema— Swapna, 4. Nepali folklores (the following folk-form only)— Vidhwasta Jeevan). Sawai, Jhyaurey, Selo, Sangini, Lahari. 178 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

4. Indrabahadur Rai — Vipana Katipaya (The Section B following stories only— History of Odia Literature Raatbhari Huri Chalyo, (i) Historical backgrounds (social, cultural and Jayamaya Aphumatra political) of Odia Literature of different periods. Lekhapani Aipugi, Bhagi, Ghosh Babu, Chhutuaiyo). (ii) Ancient epics, ornate kavyas and padavalis. 5. Sanu Lama — Katha Sampaad (The (iii) Typical structural forms of Odia Literature (Koili, following stories only— Chautisa, Poi, Chaupadi, Champu). Swasni Manchhey, Khani (iv) Modern trends in poetry, drama short story, novel Tarma Ekdin, Phurbale essay and literary criticism. Gaun Chhadyo, Asinapo PAPER-II Manchhey). (Answers must be written in Odia) 6. Laxmi Prasad — Laxmi Nibandha Devkota Sangraha (The following Critical Study of texts— essays only—Sri The paper will require first hand reading of the text and Ganeshaya Namha, Nepali test the critical ability of the candidate. Sahityako Itihasma Section A Sarvashrestha Purus, Poetry Kalpana, Kala Ra Jeevan, Gadha (Ancient) Buddhiman ki Guru?) 1. Sãralã Dãs—Shanti Parva from Mahãbhãrata. 7. Ramkrishna Sharma — Das Gorkha (The 2. Jaganãth Dãs—Bhãgabata, XI Skadhã—Jadu following essays only— Avadhuta Sambãda. Kavi, Samaj Ra Sahitya, (Medieval) Sahityama Sapekshata, 3. Dinakrushna Dãs—Raskallola—(Chhãndas—16 Sahityik Ruchiko & 34) Praudhata,Nepali Sahityako Pragati). 4. Upendra Bhanja—Lãvanyabati (Chhãndas—1 & 2). ODIA (Modern) PAPER-I 5. Rãdhãnath Rãy—Chandrabhãgã. (Answers must be written in Odia) 6. Mãyãdhar Mänasinha—Jeevan—Chitã. Section A 7. Sãtchidananda Routray—Kabitã—1962. History of Odia Language 8. Ramãkãnta Ratha—Saptama Ritu. (i) Origin and development of Odia Language— Section B Influence of Austric, Dravidian, Perso— Arabic and English on Odia Language. Drama : (ii) Phonetics and Phonemics : Vowels, Consonants 9. Manoranjan Dãs—Kätha-Ghoda. Principles of changes in Odia sounds. 10. Bijay Mishra—Tata Niranjanä. (iii) Morphology : Morphemes (free, bound Novel : compound and complex), derivational and 11. Fakir Mohan Senãpati—Chhamãna inflectional affixes, case inflection, conjugation Ãthaguntha. of verb. 12. Gopinãth Mohãnty—Dãnãpani. (iv) Syntax : Kinds of sentences and their trans- Short Story : formation, structure of sentences. 13. Surendra Mohãnty—Marãlara Mrityu. (v) Semantics—Different types of change in meaning. Euphemism. 14. Manoj Dãs—Laxmira Abhisãra. (vi) Common errors in spellings, grammatical uses and Essay : construction of sentences. 15. Chittaranjan Dãs—Tranga O Tadit (First Five (vii) Regional variations in Odia Language (Western, essays). Southern and Northern Odia) and Dialects (Bhatri 16. Chandra Sekhar Rath—Mun Satyadharmã and Desia). Kahuchhi (First five essays). ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 179

PUNJABI Short Story (Sujan Singh, K. S. Virk, Prem PAPER-I Parkash, Waryam Sandhu). (d) Socio-cultural Sanskrit, Persian and Western. Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi script Literary influences; Section A Essay (Puran Singh, Teja Singh, (a) Origin of Punjabi Language; different stages of Gurbaksh Singh). development and recent development in Punjabi Literary Criticism (S.S. Sekhon, Attar Singh, Kishan Language; characteristics of Punjabi phonology and Singh, Harbhajan Singh, Najam the study of its tones; classification of vowels and Hussain Sayyad). consonants. PAPER-II (b) Punjabi morphology; the number-gender system Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi script (animate and inanimate), prefixes, affixes and different This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts categories of Post positions; Punjabi word formation; prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical Tatsam. Tad Bhav. forms; Sentence structure, the notion ability. ~ of subject and object in Punjabi; Noun and verb phrases. Section A (c) Language and dialect : the notions of dialect and idiolect: (a) Sheikh Farid The complete Bani as included major dialects of Punjabi : Pothohari, Majhi, Doabi, in the Adi Granth. Malwai, Paudhi; the validity of speech variation on the (b) Guru Nanak Japu Ji. Baramah. Asa di Var. basis of social stratification, the distinctive features of (c) Bulleh Shah Kafian various dialects with special reference to tones Language and script; origin and development of (d) Waris Shah Heer Gurumukhi; Suitability of Gurumukhi for Punjabi. Section B (d) Classical background : Nath Jogi Sahit. (a) Shah Mohammad Jangnama (Jang Singhan te Firangian) Medieval Literature : Gurmat, Suti, Kissa and Var : Dhani Ram Chatrik Chandan Vari janamsakhis. (Poet) Sufi Khana Section B Nawan Jahan (a) Modern trends Mystic, romantic, progressive and (b) Nanak Singh Chitta Lahu neomystic (Vir Singh, Puran Singh, (Novelist) Pavittar Papi Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Bawa Ek Mian Do Talwaran Balwant, Pritam Singh Safeer, J. S. Neki). (c) Gurbaksh Singh Zindagi-di-Ras Experimentalist (Jasbir Singh (Essayist) Nawan Shivala Ahluwalia, Ravinder Ravi, Ajaib Merian Abhul Yadaan. Kamal).~ Balraj Sahni Mera Roosi Safarnama Aesthetes (Harbhajan Singh, Tara (Travelogue) Mera Pakistani Safarnama ~ Singh). Neo-progressive (Pash, (d) Balwant Gargi Loha Kutt Jagtar, Patar). (Dramatist) Dhuni-di-Agg (b) Folk Literature Folk songs, Folk tales, Riddles, Sultan Razia Proverbs. Sant Singh Sekhon Sahityarth Epic (Vir Singh, Avtar Singh Azad, (Critic) Parsidh Punjabi Kavi Mohan Singh). Punjabi Kav Shiromani. Lyric (Gurus, Sufis and Modern Lyricists-Mohan Singh, Amrita SANSKRIT Pritam, Shiv Kumar, Harbhajan PAPER-I Singh). There will be three questions as indicated in the Question (c) Drama (I.C. Nanda, Harcharan Singh, Paper which must be answered in Sanskrit. The Remaining Balwant Gargi, S.S. Sekhon, questions must be answered either in Sanskrit or in the medium Charan Das Sidhu). of examination opted by the candidate. Novel (Vir Singh, Nanak Singh, Jaswant Section A Singh Kanwal, K.S. Duggal, 1. Significant features of the grammar, with particular stress Sukhbir, Gurdial Singh, Dalip Kaur on Sanjna, Sandhi, Karaka, Samasa, Kartari and Karmani Tiwana, Swaran Chandan). vacyas (voice usages) (to be answered in Sanskrit). 180 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

2. (a) Main characteristics of Vedic Sanskrit language Group 2 (a) Isãvãsyopanisad (b) Prominent feature of classical Sanskrit language (b) Bhagavadgitã (c) Contribution of Sanskrit to linguistic studies (c) Sundarakanda of Valmiki’s 3. General Knowledge of :— Ramayana (a) Literary history of Sanskrit (d) Arthasastra of Kautilya (b) Principal trends of literary criticism Group 3 (a) Svapanavasavadattam—Bhasa (c) Ramayana (b) Abhijnanasakuntalam—Kalidasa (d) Mahabharata (c) Mricchakatikam—Sudraka (e) The origin and development of literary geners of : (d) Mudraraksasam—Visakhadatta Mahakavya Rupaka (drama) (e) Uttararamacaritam—Bhavbhuti Katha (f) Ratnavali—Sriharshavardhana Akhyayika (g) Venisamharam—Bhattanarayana Campu Group 4 Short notes in Sanskrit on the following :— Khandakavya (a) Meghadutam—Kalidasa Muktaka Kavya. (b) Nitisatakam—Bhartrhari Section B (c) Pancatantra— 4. Essential of Indian Culture with stress on : (d) Rajatarangini—Kalhana (a) Purusãrthas (e) Harsacaritam—Banabhatta (b) Samskãras (c) Varnãsramavyavasthã (f) Amarukasatakam—Amaruka (d) Arts and fine arts (g) Gitagovindam—Jayadeva. (e) Technical Sciences. Section B 5. Trends of Indian Philosophy This section will require first hand reading of the (a) Mïmansã following selected texts :— (Questions from Groups 1 & 2 are (b) Vedãnta to be answered in Sanskrit only) Questions from Groups 3 and 4 are to be answered either in Sanskrit or in the Medium (c) Nyaya opted by the candidate. (d) Vaisesika Group 1 (a) Raghuvamsam—Canto I, Verses (e) Sãnkhya 1 to 10 (f) Yoga (b) Kumarasambhavam—Canto I, Verses (g) Bauddha 1 to 10 (h) Jaina (c) Kiratarjuniyaue—Canto I, Verses 1 to 10 (i) Carvãka 6. Short Essay (in Sanskrit) Group 2 (a) Isavasyopanisad—Verses—1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 15 and 18 7. Unseen passage with the questions (to be answered in Sanskrit). (b) Bhagavatgita II Chapter Verses PAPER-II 13 to 25 Question from Group 4 is to be answered in Sanskrit (c) Sundarakandam of Valmiki Canto only. Questions from Groups 1, 2 and 3 are to be answered 15, Verses 15 to 30 (Geeta Press either in Sanskrit or in the medium opted by the candidate. Edition) Section A Group 3 (a) Meghadutam—Verses 1 to 10 General study of the following groups :— (b) Nitisatakam—Verses 1 to 10 (Edited Group 1 (a) Raghuvamsam—Kalidasa by D.D. Kosambi Bharatiya Vidya (b) Kumarasambhavam—Kalidasa Bhavan Publication) (c) Kiratarjuniyam—Bharavi (c) Kadambari—Sukanasopadesa (only) (d) Sisupalavadham—Magha Group 4 (a) Svapnavasavadattam Act VI (e) Naisadhiyacaritam—Sriharsa (b) Abhijnansakuntalam Act IV Verses (f) Kadambari—Banabhatta 15 to 30 (M.R. Kale Edition) (g) Dasakumaracaritam—Dandin (c) Uttararamacaritam Act I Verses 31 (h) Sivarajyodayam—S.B. Varnekar to 47 (M.R. Kale Edition). ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 181

SANTHALI Thakur Prasad Murmu, Hara Prasad Murmu, Uday PAPER I Nath Majhi, Parimal Hembram, Dhirendra Nath Baske, Shyam Charan Hembram, Damayanti Beshra, (Answers must be written in Santhali) T.K. Rapaj, Boyha Biswanath Tudu. Section A Part III Part I—History of Santhali Language Cultural Heritage of Santhali tradition, customs, festival 1. Main Austric Language family, population and and rituals (birth, marriage and death). distribution. PAPER II 2. Grammatical structure of Santhali Language. (Answers must be written in Santhali) 3. Important character of Santhali Language: Phonology, Section A Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Translation, Lexicography. This paper will require in-depth reading of the following texts and the questions will be designed to test the candidates’ 4. Impact of other languages of Santhali. critical ability. 5. Standardization of Santhali Language. Ancient Literature : Part II—History of Santhali Literature Prose 1. Literary trend of the following four periods of history of (a) Kherwal Bonso Dhorom Puthi—Majhi Ramdas Tudu Santhali Literature. “Rasika”. (a) Ancient Literature before 1854. (b) Mare Hapramko Reyak Katha—L.O. Scrafsrud. (b) Missionary period Literature between 1855 to 1889 (c) Jomsim Binti Lita—Mangal Chandra Turkulumang AD. Soren. (c) Medieval period: Literature between 1890 to 1946 (d) Marang Buru Binti—Kanailal Tudu. AD. Poetry (d) Modern period : Literature from 1947 AD to till date. (a) Karam Sereng—Nunku Soren. 2. Writing tradition in History of Santhali literature. (b) Devi Dasain Sereng—Manindra Hansda. Section-B (c) Horh Sereng—W.G. Archer. Literary forms—Main characteristics, history and development of following literary forms. (d) Baha Sereng—Balaram Tudu. Part I (e) Dong Sereng—Padmashri Bhagwat Murmu ‘Thakur’. Folk Literature in Santhali—folk song, folk tale, phrase, (f) Hor Sereng—Raghunath Murmu. idioms puzzles, and Kudum. (g) Soros Sereng—Babulal Murmu “Adivasi”. Part II (h) More Sin More Ndia—Rup Chand Hansda. Modern literature in Santhali (i) Judasi Madwa Latar—Tez Narayan Murmu. 1. Development of poetry and prominent poets. Section B 2. Development of prose and prominent writers. Modern Literature (i) Novels and prominent Novelists. Part I—Poetry (ii) Stories and prominent story writers. (a) Onorhen Baha Dhalwak—Paul Jujhar Soren. (iii) Drama and Prominent Dramatist. (b) Asar Binti—Narayan Soren “Tore Sutam”. (iv) Criticism and prominent critics. (c) Chand Mala—Gora Chand Tudu. (v) Essay, sketches, memoirs, travelogues and prominent writers. (d) Onto Baha Mala—Aditya Mitra “Santhali”. Santhali writers (e) Tiryo Tetang—Hari Har Hansda. Shyam Sundar Hembram, Pandit Raghunath Murmu, (f) Sisirjon Rar—Thakur Prasad Murmu. Barha Beshra, Sadhu Ramchand Murmu, Narayan Part II—Novels Soren ‘Toresutam’, Sarda Prasad Kisku, Raghunath (a) Harmawak Ato—R.Karstiars (Translator—R.K. Kisku Tudu, Kalipada Soren, Sakla Soren, Digamber Rapaz). Hansda, Aditya Mitra ‘Santhali’, Babulal Murmu (b) Manu Mati—Chandra Mohan Hansda. ‘Adivasi’, Jadumani Beshra, Arjun Hembram, Krishna Chandra Tudu, Rupchand Hansda, Kalendra Nath (c) Ato Orak—Doman Hansdak. Mandi, Mahadev, Hansda, Gour Chandra Murmu, (d) Ojoy Gada Dhiph re—Nathenial Murmu. 182 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

Part III—Stories (1) Poetry (a) Jiyon Gada—Rup Chand Hansda and Jadumani Beshra. a. ‘‘Shah Jo Choond Shair’’ : ed. H.I. Sadarangani, (b) Mayajaal—Doman Sahu ‘Samir’ and Padmashri Bhagwat Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages). Murmu ‘Thakur’. b. ‘‘Sachal Jo Choond Kalam’’ : ed. Kalyan B. Advani Part IV—Drama Published by Sahitya Akademi (Kafis only). (a) Kherwar Bir—Pandit Raghunath Murmu. c. ‘‘Sami-a-ja Choond Sloka’’ : ed. B.H. Nagrani Published by Sahitya Akademi (First 100 pages). (b) Juri Khatir—Dr. K.C. Tudu. d. ‘‘Shair-e-Bewas’’ : by Kishinchand Bewas (c) Birsa Bir—Ravi Lal Tudu. (“Saamoondi Sipoon’’ portion only). Part V—Biography e. ‘‘Roshan Chhanvro’’ : Narayan Shyam. Santal Ko Ren Mayam Gohako—Dr. Biswanath Hansda. f. ‘‘Virhange Khapoi je Sindhi Shair jee Choond’’ : SINDHI ed. H.I. Sadarangani, published by Sahitya PAPER I Akademi. Answers must be written in Sindhi (2) Drama (Arabic or Devanagari Script) g. ‘‘Behtareen Sindhi Natak’’ (One-act Plays) : Section A Edited by M. Kamal Published by Gujarat Sindhi 1. (a) Origin and evolution of Sindhi language—views of Academy. different scholars. h. ‘‘Kako Kaloomal’’ (Full-length Play ) : by Madan (b) Significant linguistic features of Sindhi language, Jumani. including those pertaining to its phonology, Section B morphology and syntax. References to context and critical appreciation of the (c) Major dialects of the Sindhi language. texts included in this section. (d) Sindhi vocabulary—stages of its growth, including a. ‘Pakheeara Valar Khan Vichhrya’ (Novel) : by Gobind those in the pre-partition and post-partition periods. Malhi. (e) Historical study of various Writing Systems (Scripts) b. ‘Sat Deenhan’ (Novel) : by Krishin Khatwani. of Sindhi. c. ‘Choond Sindhi Kahanyoon’ (Short Stories) Vol. (f) Changes in the structure of Sindhi language in India, III. : Edited by Prem Prakash, published by Sahitya after partition, due to influence of other languages Akademi. and social conditions. d. ‘Bandhan’ (Short Stories) : Sundari Uttamchandani. Section B e. ‘Behtareen Sindhi Mazmoon’ (Essays): Edited 2. Sindhi literature through the ages in context of socio-cultural by Hiro Thakur, published by Gujarat Sindhi conditions in the respective periods : Academi. (a) Early medieval literature upto 1350 A.D. including f. ‘Sindhi Tanqeed’ (Criticism) : Edited by Harish folk literature. Vaswani : Published by Sahitya Akademi. (b) Late medieval period from 1350 A.D. to 1850 A.D. g. ‘Mumhinjee Hayati-a-ja Sona Ropa varqa’ (c) Renaissance period from 1850 A.D. to 1947 A.D. (Autobiography) : by Popati Hiranandani. (d) Modern period from 1947 and onwards. h. ‘‘Dr. Choithram Gidwani’’ (Biography) : by Vishnu (Literary genres in Modern Sindhi literature and Sharma. experiments in poetry, drama, novel, short story, TAMIL essay, literary criticism, biography, autobiography, PAPER I memoirs and travelogues.) Answers must be written in Tamil PAPER II Section A Answer must be written in Sindhi Part 1: History of Tamil Language (Arabic or Devanagari script) Major Indian Language Families—The place of This paper will require the first-hand reading of the Tamil among Indian Languages in general and Dravidian in texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s particular—Enumeration and Distribution of Dravidian critical ability. languages. Section A The language of Sangam Literature—The language of References to context and critical appreciation of the medieval Tamil : Pallava Period only—Historical study of texts included in this section. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 183

Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs—Tense markers and case (3) Tirukkural Porutpal : Arasiyalum Amaichiyalum markers in Tamil. (from Iraimatchi to Avaianjamai). Borrowing of words from other languages into Tamil— Part 2 : Epic Literature Regional and social dialects—difference between literary and (1) Silappadikaram : Madhurai Kandam only. spoken Tamil. (2) Kambaramayanam : Kumbakarunan Vadhai Part 2 : History of Tamil Literature Padalam. Tolkappiyam-Sangam Literature—The division of Akam Part 3 : Devotional Literature and Puram—The secular characteristics of Sangam (1) Tiruvasagam : Neetthal Vinnappam Literature—The development of Ethical literature— Silappadikaram and Manimekalai. (2) Tiruppavai : (Full Text). Part 3 : Devotional Literature (Alwars and Nayanamars) Section B The bridal mysticism in Alwar hymns—Minor literary Modern Literature forms (Tutu, Ula, Parani, Kuravanji). Part 1 : Poetry Social factors for the development of Modern Tamil (1) Bharathiar : Kannan Pattu Literature; Novel, Short Story and New Poetry—The impact (2) Bharathidasan : Kudumba Vilakku of various political ideologies on modern writings. (3) Naa. Kamarasan : Karappu Malarkal Section B Prose Part 1 : Recent trends in Tamil Studies (1) Mu. Varadharajanar : Aramum Arasiyalum Approaches to criticism : Social, psychological, (2) C. N. Annadurai : Ye! Thazhntha Tamilagame. historical and moralistic—the use of criticism—the various techniques in literature; Ullurai, Iraicchi, Thonmam (Myth) Part 2 : Novel, Short Story and Drama Otturuvagam (allegory), Angadam (Satire), Meyappadu, (1) Akilon ; Chittairappavai Padimam (image), Kuriyeedu (Symbol), Irunmai (Ambiguity)— (2) Jayakanthan : Gurupeedam The concept of comparative literature-the principle of (3) Cho : Yaurkkum Vetkamillai comparative literature. Part 3 : Folk Literature Part 2 : Folk literature in Tamil (1) Muthuppattan kathai Edited by Na. Vanamamalai, Ballads, Songs, proverbs and riddles—Sociological (Publication : Madurai Kamaraj University). study of Tamil folklore. Uses of translation—Translation of Tamil works into other languages-Development of journalism (2) Malaiyaruvi, Edited by Ki. Va Jagannathan in Tamil. (Publication : Saraswathi Mahal, Thanjavur). Part 3 : Cultural Heritage of the Tamils TELUGU Concept of Love and War—Concept of Aram-the ethical PAPER I codes adopted by the ancient Tamils in their warfare-customs Answer must be written in Telugu beliefs, rituals, modes of worship in the five Thinais. Section A : Language The Cultural changes as revealed in post sangam 1. Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its literature—cultural fusion in the medieval period (Janism and antiquity—Etymological History of Telugu,Tenugu and Buddhism). The development of arts and architecture through Andhra. the ages (Pallavas, later Cholas, and Nayaks). The impact of 2. Major linguistic changes in phonological, various political, social, religious and cultural movements on morphological, grammatical and syntactical levels, from Tamil Society. The role of mass media in the cultural change Proto-Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu to of contemporary Tamil society. Modern Telugu. PAPER II 3. Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Answers must be written in Tamil Telugu-Formal and functional view of Telugu The paper will require first-hand reading of the text language. prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of 4. Influence of other languages and its impact on Telugu. the candidate. 5. Modernization of Telugu language : Section A (a) Linguistic and literary movements and their role in Part 1 : Ancient Literature modernization of Telugu. (1) Kuruntokai (1—25 poems) (b) Role of media in modernization of Telugu (News- (2) Purananuru (182—200 poems) papers, Radio, TV etc.) 184 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

(c) Problems of terminology and mechanisms in 2. Tikkana-Sri Krishna Rayabaramu (Udyoga parva-3rd coining new terms in Telugu in various discourses Canto verses 1—144). including scientific and technical. 3. Srinath-Guna Nidhi Katha (Kasikhandam, 4th Canto, 6. Dialects of Telugu—Regional and social variations and verses 76—133). problems of Standardization. 4. Pingali Surana-sugatri Salinulakatha (Kalapurno- 7. Syntax—Major divisions of Telugu sentences—simple, dayamu 4 Canto verses, 60—142). complex and compound sentences—Noun and verb 5. Molla-Ramayanamu (Balakanda including avatarika). predications—Processes of nominalization and 6. Kasula Purushothama Kavi—Andhra Nayaka Satakamu. relativization—Direct and indirect reporting-conversion Section B processes. 7. Gurajada Appa Rao—Animutyalu (Short stories). 8. Translation—Problems of translation, cultural, social and idiomatic—Methods of translation—Approaches 8. Viswanatha Satyanarayana—Andhra prasasti. to translation—Literary and other kinds of translation— 9. Devulapalli Krishna Sastry—Krishnapaksham Various uses of translation. (excluding Uravsi and Pravasam). Section B : Literature 10. Sri Sri-Maha prastanam. 1. Literature in Pre-Nannaya Period—Marga and Desi poetry. 11. Jashuva-Gabbilam (Part I). 2. Nannaya Period—Historical and literary background of 12. C. Narayana Reddy—Karpuravasanta rayalu. Andhra Mahabharata. 13. Kanuparti Varalakshmamma—Sarada lekhalu (Part I). 3. Saiva poets and their contribution—Dwipada, Sataka, 14. Atreya—N.G.O. Ragada, Udaharana. 15. Racha Konda Viswanatha Sastry—Alpajaeevi. 4. Tikkana and his place in Telugu literature. URDU 5. Errana and his literary works—Nachana Somana and PAPER I his new approach to poetry. Answer must be written in Urdu 6. Srinatha and Potana—Their works and contribution. Section A 7. Bhakti poets in Telugu literature—Tallapaka Annamayya, Development of Urdu Language ramadasu, tyagayya. (a) Development of Indo-Aryan 8. Evolution of prabandhas—Kavya and prabandha. (i) Old Indo-Aryan 9. Southern school of Telugu literature-raghunatha (ii) Middle Indo-Aryan Nayaka, chemakura vankatakavi and women poets- (iii) New Indo-Aryan. Literary forms like yakshagana, prose and padakavita. (b) Western Hindi and its dialects Brij Bhasha Khadi 10. Modern Telugu Literature and literary forms—Novel, Boli, Haryanavi, Kannauji, Bundeli— Short Story, Drama, Playlet and poetic forms. Theories about the origin of Urdu language. 11. Literary Movements : Reformation, Nationalism, (c) Dakhani Urdu—origin and development, its Neo-classisicism, Romanticism and Progressive, significant linguistic features. Revolutionary movements. (d) Social and Cultural roots of Urdu language— and its 12. Digambarakavulu, feminist and dalit Literature. distinctive features. 13. Main divisions of folk literature—Performing folk arts. Script, Phonology, Morphology, Vocabulary. PAPER II Section B Answer must be written in Telugu (a) Genres and their development : This paper will require first hand reading of the (i) Poetry: Ghazal, Masnavi, Qasida, Marsia, Rubai prescribed texts and will be designed to test the candidate’s Jadid Nazm. critical ability, which will be in relation to the following (ii) Prose : Novel, Short Story, Dastan, Drama, Inshaiya, approaches :— Khutoot, Biography. (i) Aesthetic approach—Rassa, Dhawani, Vakroti and (b) Significant feaures of : (i) Deccani, Delhi and Lucknow Auchitya—Formal and Structural-Imagery and schools, (ii) Sir Syed movement, Romantic movement, Symbolism. Progressive movement, Modernism. (ii) Sociological, Historical, Ideological, Psychological (c) Literary Criticism and its development with reference approaches. to Hali, Shibli, Kaleemuddin Ahmad, Ehtisham Hussain, Section A Ale-Ahmad Suroor. 1. Nannaya-Dushyanta Chritra (Adiparva 4th Canto (d) Essay writing (covering literary and imaginative verses 5—109). topics). ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 185

PAPER II Organizational culture, managing cultural diversity, learning Answer must be written in Urdu Organization; Organizational change and development; Knowledge Based Enterprise—systems and processes; This paper will require first hand reading of the texts Networked and virtual organizations. prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate's critical ability. 3. Human Resource Management : Section A HR challenges; HRM functions; The future challenges 1. Mir Amman Bagho-Babar of HRM; Strategic Management of human resources; Human resource planning; Job analysis; Job evaluation, Recruitment 2. Ghalib Intikhab-e-Khutoot-e and selection; Training and development; Promotion and Ghalib transfer; Performance management; Compensation 3. Mohd. Husain Azad Nairang-e-Khayal management and bnenefits; Employee morale and 4. Prem Chand Godan productivity; Management of Organizational climate and 5. Rajendra Singh Bedi Apne Dukh Mujhe Dedo Industrial relations; Human resources accounting and audit; Human resource information system; International human 6. Abul Kalam Azad Ghubar-e-Khatir resource management. Section B 4. Accounting for Managers : 1. Mir Intikhab-e-Kalam-e-Mir (Ed. Abdul Haq.) Financial accounting—concept, importance and scope, generally accepted accounting principles, preparation of 2. Mir Hasan Sahrul Bayan financial statements with special reference to analysis of a 3. Ghalib Diwan-e-Ghalib balance sheet and measurment of business income, inventory 4. Iqbal Bal-e-Jibrail valuation and depreciation, financial statement analysis, fund 5. Firaq Gul-e-Naghma flow analysis, the statement of cash flows; Management accounting concept, need, imporance and scope; Cost 6. Faiz Dast-e-Saba accounting—records and processes, cost ledger and control 7. Akhtruliman Bint-e-Lamhat accounts, reconciliation and integration bwtween financial MANAGEMENT and cost accounts; Overhead cost and control, Job and The candidate should make a study of the concept of process costing, Budget and budgetary control, Performance development of Management as science and art drawing budgeting, Zero-base budgeting, relevant costing and costing upon the contributions of leading thinkers of management for decision-making, standard costing and variance analysis, and apply the concepts to the real life of government and marginal costing and absorption costing. business decision-making keeping in view the changes in 5. Financial Management : the strategic and operative environment. Goal of Finance Function. Concepts of value and return. PAPER I Valuation of bonds and Shares; Management of working 1. Managerial Function and Process : capital : Estimation and Financing; Management of cash, receivables, inventory and current liabilities; Cost of Concept and foundations of management, Evolution of capital ; Capital budgeting; Financial and operating leverage; Management Thoughts; Managerial Functions—Planning, Design of capital structure: theories and practices; Organizing, Controlling; Decision-making; Role of Manager, Shareholder value creation: dividend policy, corporate Managerial skills; Entrepreneurship; Management of financial policy and strategy, management of corporate innovation; Managing in a global environment, Flexible distress and restructuring strategy; Capital and money Systems Management; Social responsibility and managerial markets: institutions and instruments; Leasing hire purchase ethics; Process and customer orientation; Managerial and venture capital; Regulation of capital market; Risk and processes on direct and indirect value chain. return: portfolio theory; CAPM; APT; Financial derivatives: 2. Organisational Behaviour and Design : option, futures, swap; Recent reforms in financial sector. Conceptual model of organization behaviour; The 6. Marketing Management : individual processes—personality, values and attitude, Concept, evolution and scope; Marketing strategy perception, motivation, learning and reinforcement, work formulation and components of marketing plan; Segmenting stress and stress management; The dynamics of Organization and targeting the market; Positioning and differentiating the behaviour—power and politics, conflict and negotiation, market offering; Analyzing competition; Analyzing consumer leadership process and styles, communication; The markets; Industrial buyer behaviour; Market research; Organizational Processes—decision-making, job design; Product strategy; Pricing strategies; Designing and managing Classical, Neoclassical and Contingency approaches to Marketing channels; Integrated marketing communications; organizational design; Organizational theory and design— Building customer staisfaction, Value and retention; Services 186 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1] and non-profit marketing; Ethics in marketing; Consumer 5. Strategic Cost Management : protection; Internet marketing; Retail management; Customer Business policy as a field of study; Nature and scope relationship management; Concept of holistic marketing. of strategic management, Strategic intent, vision, objectives PAPER-II and policies; Process of strategic planning and implementa- 1. Quantitative Techniques in Decision-making : tion; Environmental analysis and internal analysis; SWOT analysis; Tools and techniques for strategic analysis—Impact Descriptive statistics—tabular, graphical and numerical matrix: The experience curve, BCG matrix, GEC mode, Industry methods, introduction to probability, discrete and continuous analysis, Concept of value chain; Strategic profile of a firm; probability distributions, inferential statistics-sampling Framework for analysing competition; Competitive advantage distributions, central limit theorem, hypothesis testing for of a firm; Generic competitive strategies; Growth strategies— differences between means and proportions, inference about expansion, integration and diversification; Concept of core population variances, Chisquare and ANOVA, simple competence, Strategic flexibility; Reinventing strategy; correlation and regression, time series and forecasting, Strategy and structure; chief Executive and Board; decision theory, index numbers; Linear programming— turnaround management; Management of strategic change; problem formulation, simplex method and graphical solution, Strategic alliances, Mergers and Acquisitions; Strategy and sensitivity analysis. corporate evolution in the Indian context. 2. Production and Operations Management : 6. International Business : Fundamentals of operations management; Organizing International Business Environment : Changing for production; Aggregate production planning, capacity composition of trade in goods and services; India’s Foreign planning, plant design: process planning, plant size and scale Trade: Policy and trends; Financing of International trade; of operations, Management of facilities; Line balancing; Regional Economic Cooperation; FTAs; Internationalisation Equipment replacement and maintenance; Production control; of service firms; International production; Operation Supply, chain management—vendor evaluation and audit; Management in International companies; International Quality management; Statistical process control, Six Sigma; Taxation; Global competitiveness and technological Flexibility and agility in manufacturing systems; World class developments; Global E-Business; Designing global manufaturing; Project management concepts, R&D organisational structure and control; Multicultural management, Management of service operations; Role and management; Global business strategy; Global marketing importance of materials management, value analysis, make or strategies; Export Management; Export-Import procedures; buy decision; Inventory control, MRP; Waste management. Joint Ventures; Foreign Investment: Foreign direct investment 3. Management Information System : and foreign portfolio investment; Cross-border Mergers and Conceptual foundations of information systems; Acquisitions; Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure Management; Information theory; Information resource management; Types World Financial Markets and International Banking; External of information Systems; Systems Development—Overview Debt Management; Country Risk Analysis. of Systems and Design; System Development management MATHEMATICS life-cycle, Designing online and distributed environments; PAPER I Implementation and control of project; Trends in information (1) Linear Algebra : technology; Managing data resources—Organising data. Vector spaces over R and C, linear dependence and DSS and RDBMS; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Expert independence, subspaces, bases, dimensions, Linear systems, e-Business architecture, e-Governance; Information transformations, rank and nullity, matrix of a linear transformation. systems planning, Flexibility in information systems; User involvement; Evaluation of information systems. Algebra of Matrices; Row and column reduction, Echelon form, congruence’s and similarity; Rankof a matrix; 4. Government Business Interface : Inverse of a matrix; Solution of system of linear equations; State participation in business, Interaction between Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, characteristic polynomial, Government, Business and different Chambers of Commerce Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Symmetric, skew-symmetric, and Industry in India; Government’s ploicy with regard to Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices Small Scale Industries; Government clearances for and their eigenvalues. establishing a new enterprise; Public Distribution System; (2) Calculus : Government control over price and distribution; Consumer Protection Act (CPA) and The Role of Voluntary Organizations Real numbers, functions of a real variable, limits, in protecting consumers’ rights; New Industrial Policy of the continuity, differentiability, mean-value theorem, Taylor’s Government : liberalization, deregulation and privatisation; theorem with remainders, indeterminate forms, maxima and Indian planning system; Government policy concerning minima, asymptotes; Curve tracing; Functions of two or development of Backward areas/regions; The Responsibilities three variables; Limits, continuity, partial derivatives, of the business as well as the Government to protect the maxima and minima, Lagrange’s method of multipliers, environment; Corporate Governance; Cyber Laws. Jacobian. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 187

Riemann’s definition of definite integrals; Indefinite Rings, subrings and ideals, homomorphisms of rings; integrals; Infinite and improper integral; Double and triple Integral domains, principal ideal domains, Euclidean domains integrals (evaluation techniques only); Areas, surface and and unique factorization domains; Fields, quotient fields. volumes. (2) Real Analysis : (3) Analytic Geometry : Real number system as an ordered field with least upper Cartesian and polar coordinates in three dimensions, bound property; Sequences, limit of a sequence, Cauchy second degree equations in three variables, reduction to sequence, completeness of real line; Series and its Canonical forms; straight lines, shortest distance between convergence, absolute and conditional convergence of series two skew lines, Plane, sphere, cone, cylinder, paraboloid, of real and complex terms, rearrangement of series. Continuity ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their and uniform continuity of functions, properties of continuous properties. functions on compact sets. (4) Ordinary Differential Equations : Riemann integral, improper integrals; Fundamental theorems of integral calculus. Formulation of differential equations; Equations of first order and first degree, integrating factor; Orthogonal Uniform convergence, continuity, differentiability and trajectory; Equations of first order but not of first degree, integrability for sequences and series of functions; Partial Clairaut’s equation, singular solution. derivatives of functions of several (two or three) variables, maxima and minima. Second and higher order liner equations with constant (3) Complex Analysis : coefficients, complementary function, particular integral and general solution. Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, power series, Section order linear equations with variable coefficients, representation of an analytic function, Taylor’s series; Euler-Cauchy equation; Determination of complete solution Singularities; Laurent’s series; Cauchy’s residue theorem; when one solution is known using method of variation of Contour integration. parameters. (4) Linear Programming : Laplace and Inverse Laplace transforms and their properties, Laplace transforms of elementary functions. Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic Application to initial value problems for 2nd order linear feasible solution and optimal solution; Graphical method and equations with constant coefficients. simplex method of solutions; Duality. (5) Dynamics and Statics : Transportation and assignment problems. Rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in (5) Partial Differential Equations : a plane, projectiles; Constrained motion; Work and energy, Family of surfaces in three dimensions and formulation conservation of energy; Kepler’s laws, orbits under central of partial differential equations; Solution of quasilinear partial forces. differential equations of the first order, Cauchy’s method of Equilibrium of a system of particles; Work and characteristics; Linear partial differential equations of the potential energy, friction, Common catenary; Principle of second order with constant coefficients, canonical form; virtual work; Stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of forces Equation of a vibrating string, heat equation, Laplace in three dimensions. equation and their solutions. (6) Numerical Analysis and Computer Programming : (6) Vector Analysis : Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of vector field transcendental equations of one variable by bisection, Regula- of a scalar variable; Gradient, divergence and curl in Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods, solution of system of cartesian and cylindrical coordinates; Higher order linear equations by Gaussian Elimination and Gauss-Jorden derivatives; Vector identities and vector equation. (direct), Gauss-Seidel (iterative) methods. Newton’s (forward Application to geometry : Curves in space, curvature and backward) and interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation. and torsion; Serret-Furenet's formulae. Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Gauss and Stokes’ theorems, Green's indentities. Gaussian quadrature formula. PAPER II Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations : (1) Algebra : Eular and Runga Kutta methods. Groups, subgroups, cyclic groups, cosets, Lagrange’s Computer Programming : Binary system; Arithmetic and Theorem, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphism logical operations on numbers; Octal and Hexadecimal of groups, basic isomorphism theorems, permutation groups, Systems; Conversion to and from decimal Systems; Algebra Cayley’s theorem. of binary numbers. 188 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

Elements of computer systems and concept of memory; Non-conventional machining-EDM, ECM, ultrasonic, Basic logic gates and truth tables, Boolean algebra, normal water jet machining etc.; application of lasers and plasmas; forms. energy rate calculations. Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers Forming and welding processes-standard processes. and reals, double precision reals and long integers. Metrology-concept of fits and tolerances; tools and Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical guages; comparators; inspection of length; position; profile analysis problems. and surface finish. (7) Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics : 4.2 Manufacturing Management : Generalised coordinates; D’Alembert’s principle and System design: factory location—simple OR models; Lagrange’s equations; Hamilton equations; Moment of inertia; plant layout-methods based; applications of engineering Motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions. economic analysis and break-even analysis for product selection, process selection and capacity planning; Equation of continuity; Euler’s equation of motion for predetermined time standards. inviscid flow; Stream-lines, path of a particle; Potential flow; Two-dimensional and axisymmetric motion; Sources and sinks, System planning; forecasting methods based on vortex motion; Navier-Stokes equation for a viscous fluid. regression and decomposition, design and blancing of multi model and stochastic assembly lines; inventory management- MECHANICAL ENGINEERING probablistic inventory models for order time and order PAPER I quanitity determination; JIT systems; strategic sourcing; 1. Mechanics : managing inter plant logistics. 1.1 Mechanics of Rigid Bodies : System operations and control: Scheduling algorithms for job shops; applications of statistical methods for product Equations of equilibrium in space and its application; and process quality control applications of control charts for first and second moments of area; simple problems on friction; mean, range, percent defective, number of defectives and kinematics of particles for plane motion; elementary particle defects per unit; quality cost systems; management of dynamics. resources, organizations and risks in projects. 1.2 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies : System improvement: Implementation of systems, such Generalized Hooke’s law and its application; design as total quality management, developing and managing problems on axial stress, shear stress and bearing stress; flexible, lean and agile Organizations. material properties for dynamic loading; bending shear and PAPER II stresses in beams; determination of principle stresses and strains-analytical and graphical; compound and combined 1. Thermodynamics, Gas Dynamics Turbine : stresses; bi-axial stresses-thin walled pressure vessel; 1.1 Basic concept of First-law and Second law of material behaviour and design factors for dynamic load; Thermodynamics; concept of entropy and reversibility; design of circular shafts for bending and torsional load only; availability and unavailability and irreversibility. deflection of beam for statically determinate problems; theories 1.2 Classification and properties of fluids; of failure. incompressible and compressible fluids flows; effect of Mach 2. Engineering Materials : number and compressibility; continuity momentum and Basic concepts on structure of solids, common ferrous energy equations; normal and oblique shocks; one and non-ferrous materials and their applications; heat- dimensional isentropic flow; flow or fluids in duct with treatment of steels; non-metalsplastics, cermics, composite frictions that transfer. materials and nano-materials. 1.3 Flow through fans, blowers and compressors; axial 3. Theory of Machines : and centrifugal flow configuration; design of fans and compressors; single problems compresses and turbine Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms. cascade; open and closed cycle gas turbines; work done in Cams, Gears and empicyclie gear trains, flywheels, governors, the gas turbine; reheat and regenerators. balancing of rigid rotors, balancing of single and multicy- linder engines, linear vibration analysis of mechanical systems 2. Heat Transfer : (single degree of freedom), Critical speeds and whirling of 2.1 Conduction heat transfer—general conduction shafts. equation-Laplace, Poisson and Fourier equations; Fourier law of conduction; one dimensional steady state heat 4. Manufacturing Science : conduction applied to simple wall, solid and hollow cylinder 4.1 Manufacturing Process: and spheres. Machine tool engineering - Merhant’s force analysis: 2.2 Convection heat transfer—Newton’s law of Taylor’s tool life equation; conventional machining; NC and convection; free and forces convection; heat transfer during CNC machining process; jigs and fixtures. laminar and turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid over a ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 189 flat plate; concepts of Nusselt number, hydrodynamic and MEDICAL SCIENCE thermal boundary layer their thickness; Prandtl number; PAPER I analogy between heat and momentum transfer—Reynolds, 1. Human Anatomy : Colbum, Prandtl analogies; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow through horizontal tubes; free convection from Applied anatomy including blood and nerve supply of horizontal and vertical plates. upper and lower limbs and joints of shoulder, hip and knee. 2.3 Black body radiation—basic radiation laws such as Gross anatomy, blood supply and lymphatic drainage Stefan-boltzman, Planck distribution, Wein’s displacement of tongue, thyroid, mammary gland, stomach, liver, prostate, etc. gonads and uterus. 2.4 Basic heat exchanger analysis; classification of Applied anatomy of diaphragm, perineum and inguinal heat exchangers. region. 3. Engines : Clinical anatomy of kidney, urinary bladder, uterine tubes, vas deferens. 3.1 Classification, themodynamic cycles of operation; Embryology : Placenta and placental barrier. determination of break power, indicated power, mechanical Development of heart, gut, kidney. uterus, ovary, testis and efficiency, heat balance sheet, interpretation of performance their common congenital abnormalities. characteristics, petrol, gas and diesel engines. Central and Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System : 3.2 Combustion in SI and CI engines, normal and Gross and clinical anatomy of ventricles of brain, circulation abnormal combustion; effect of working parameters on of cerebrospinal fluid; Neural pathways and lesions of knocking, reduction of knocking; Forms of combustion cutaneous sensations, hearing and vision; Cranial nerves chamber for SI and CI engines; rating of fuels; additives; distribution and clinical significance; Components of emission. autonomic nervous system. 3.3 Different systems of IC engines-fuels; lubricating; 2. Human Physiology : cooling and transmission systems. Alternate fuels in IC engines. Conduction and transmission of impulse, mechanism of contraction, neuromuscular transmission, reflexes, control 4. Steam Engineering : of equilibrium, posture and muscle tone, descending 4.1 Steam generation—modified Ranking cycle analysis; pathways, functions of cerebellum, basal ganglia, Physiology Modern steam boilers; steam at critical and supercritical of sleep and consciousness. pressures; draught equipment; natural and artificial draught; Endocrine System : Mechanism of action of hormones; boiler fuels solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Steam turbines— formation, secretion, transport, metabolism, function and Principle; types; compounding; impulse and reaction turbines; regulation of secretion of pancreas and pituitary gland. axial thrust. Physiology of Reproductive System : Pregnancy 4.2 Steam nozzles—flow of steam in convergent and menstrual cycle, lactation, pregnancy. divergent nozzle pressure at throat for maximum discharge Blood : Development, regulation and fate of blood with different initial steam conditions such as wet, saturated cells. and superheated, effect of variation of back pressure; Cardio-vascular, cardiac output, blood pressure, supersaturated flow of steam in nozzles, Wilson line. regulation of cardiovascular functions. 4.3 Rankine cycle with internal and external 3. Biochemistry : irreversibility; reheat factor; reheating and regeneration, methods of governing; back pressure and pass out turbines. Organ function tests—liver, kidney, thyroid Protein synthesis. 4.4 Steam power plants—combined cycle power generation; heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) fired and Vitamins and minerals. unfired, co-generation plants. Restriction fragment length. 5. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning : polymorphism (RFLP). 5.1 Vapour compression refrigeration cycle—cycle on Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). p-H & T-s diagrams; ecofriendly refrigerants—R 134a. 123; Radio-immunoassays (RIA). Systems like evaporators, condensers, compressor, expansion 4. Pathology : devices. Simple vapour absorption systems. Inflammation and repair, disturbances of growth and 5.2 Psychrometry—properties; processes; charts; cancer, Pathogenesis and histopathology of rheumatic and sensible heating and cooling; humidification and ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Differentiation dehumidification effective temperature; air-conditioning load between benign, malignant, primary and metastatic calculation; simple duct design. malignancies, Pathogenesis and histopathology of 190 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1] bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast, oral cancer, broncho— pneumonias, kernicterus. IMNCI classification cancer cervix, leukemia, Etiology, pathogenesis and and management, PEM grading and management. ARI and histopathology of—cirrhosis liver, glomerulonephritis, Diarrhea of under five and their management. tuberculosis, acute osteomyelitis. 3. Dermatology 5. Microbiology : Psoriasis, Allergic dermatitis, scabies, eczema, vitiligo, Humoral and cell mediated immunity. Stevan Johnson’s syndrome, Lichen Planus. Diseases caused by and laboratory diagnosis of — 4. General Surgery * Meningococcus, Saimonella Clinical features, causes, diagnosis and principles * Shigella, Herpes, Dengue, Polio of management of cleft palate, harelip. * HIV/AIDS, Malaria, E. Histolytica, Giardia Laryngeal tumour, oral and esophageal tumours. * Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus. Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose veins, coarctation 6. Pharmacology : of aorta. Mechanism of action and side effects of the following Tumours of Thyroid, Adrenal, Glands. drugs : Abscess cancer, fibroadenoma and adenosis of breast. * Antipyretics and analgesics, Antibiotics, Bleeding peptic ulcer, tuberculosis of bowel, ulcerative * Antimalaria, Antikala-azar, Antidiabetics, colitis, cancer stomach. * Antihypertensive, Antidiuretics, General and cardiac Renal mass, cancer prostatie. vasodilators, Antiviral, Antiparasitic, Antifungal, Haemothorax, stones of Gall bladder, Kidney, Ureter Immunosuppressants, and Urinary Bladder. * Anticancer. Management of surgical conditions of Rectum, Anus 7. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology and Anal canal, Gall bladder and Bile ducts. Forensic examination of injuries and wounds; Splenomegaly, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, liver Examination of blood and seminal stains; Poisoning, sedative abscess, peritonitis, carcinoma head of pancreas. overdose, hanging, drowning, burns, DNA and finger print Fractures of spine, Colles’ fracture and bone tumors. study. Endoscopy. PAPER-II Laprascopic Surgery. 1. General Medicine 5. Obstetrics and Gynaecology including Family Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of Planning management (including prevention) of—Typhoid, Rabies, Diagnosis of pregnancy. AIDS, Dengue, Kala-azar, Japanese Encephalitis. Labour management, complications of 3rd stage, Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, resuscitation of the management of : newborn, Management of abnormal life and difficult labour. Ischaemic heart disease, pulmonary embolism. Management of small for date or premature newborn. Bronchial asthma. Diagnosis and management of anemia. Preeclampsia Pleural effusion, tuberculosis, Malabsorption and Toxaemias of pregnancy, Management of Post- syndromes; acid peptic diseases, Viral hepatitis and cirrhosis menopausal Syndrome. of liver. Intra-uterine devices, pills, tubectomy and vasectomy. Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, renal failure, Medical termination of pregnancy including legal aspects. nephrotic syndrome, renovascular hypertension, Cancer cervix. complications of diabetes mellitus, coagulation disorders, Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain; infertility, dysfunctional leukaemia, Hypo and hyper thyrodism, meningitis and uterine bleeding (DUB), amenorrhoea, Fibroid and prolapse encephalitis. of uterus. Imaging in medical problems, ultrasound, echo- 6. Community Medicine (Preventive and Social Medicine) cardiogram, CT scan, MRI. Principles, methods approach and measurements of Anxiety and Depressive Psychosis and schizophrenia Epidemiology. and ECT. Nutrition, nutritional diseases/diorders and Nutrition 2. Paediatrics Programmes. Immunization, Baby friendly hospital, congenital Health information Collection, Analysis and cyanotic heart disease, respiratory distress syndrome, Presentation. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 191

Objectives, components and critical analysis of 14. Schools of Buddhism : Prat Ityasamutpada; National programmes for control/eradication of : Ksanikavada, Nairatmyavada. Malaria, Kala-azar, Filaria and Tuberculosis, 15. Nyaya—Vaiesesika : Theory of Categories; Theory HIV/AIDS, STDs and Dengue. of Appearance; Theory of Pramana; Self, Liberation; God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory of Critical appraisal of Health care delivery system. Causation; Atomistic Theory of Creation. Health management and administration; Techniques, 16. Samkhya; Prakrit; Purusa; Causation; Liberation. Tools, Programme Implementation and Evaluation. 17. Yoga; Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya. Objectives, Components, Goals and Status of 18. Mimamsa: Theory of Knowlegde. Reproductive and Child Health, National Rural Health Mission and Millennium Development Goals. 19. Schools of Vedanta : Brahman; Isvara; Atman; Jiva; Management of hospital and industrial waste. Jagat; Maya; Avida; Adhyasa; Moksa; Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda. PHILOSOPHY 20. Aurobindo: Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga. PAPER-I PAPER-II History and Problems of Philosophy Socio-Political Philosophy 1. Plato and Aristotle : Ideas; Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality. 1. Social and Political ldeals : Equality, Justice, Liberty. 2. Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz); Cartesian 2. Sovereignty : Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kautilya. Method and Certain Knowledge; Substance; God; 3. Individual and State : Rights; Duties and Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism and Freedom. Accountability. 3. Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) : Theory of 4. Forms of Government : Monarchy; Theocracy and Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and God; Democracy. Scepticism. 5. Political Ideologies: Anarchism; Marxism and 4. Kant: Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Socialism. Space and Time; Categories; Ideas of Reason; 6. Humanism; Secularism; Multi-culturalism. Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God. 7. Crime and Punishment : Corruption, Mass Violence, 5. Hegel : Dialectical Method; Absolute Idealism. Genocide, Capital Punishment. 6. Moore, Russell and Early Wittgenstein : Defence of 8. Development and Social Progress. Commonsense; Refutation of Idealism; Logical 9. Gender Discrimination : Female Foeticide, Land and Atomism; Logical Constructions; Incomplete Property Rights; Empowerment. Symbols; Picture Theory of Meaning; Sying and 10. Caste Discrimination : Gandhi and Ambedkar. Showing. Philosophy of Religion 7. Logical Positivism : Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics; Linguistic Theory of 1. Notions of God : Attributes; Relation to Man and Necessary Propositions. the World. (Indian and Western). 8. Later Wittgenstein : Meaning and Use; Language- 2. Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique games; Critique of Private Language. (Indian and Western). 9. Phenomenology (Husserl): Method; Theory of 3. Problem of Evil. Essences; Avoidance of Psychologism. 4. Soul : Immortality; Rebirth and Liberation. 10. Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sarte, Heidegger): 5. Reason, Revelation and Faith. Existence and Essence; Choice, Responsibility and 6. Religious Experience : Nature and Object (Indian Authentic Existence; Being-in-the-world and and Western). Temporality. 7. Religion without God. 11. Quine and Strawson : Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons. 8. Religion and Morality. 12. Carvaka : Theory of Knowlegde; Rejection of 9. Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Transcendent Entities. Truth. 13. Jainism : Theory of Reality; Saptabhanginaya; 10. Nature of Religious Language : Analogical and Bondage and Liberation. Symbolic; Cognitivist and Non-cognitive. 192 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

PHYSICS the Airy pattern; Fresnel diffraction: half-period zones and PAPER-I zone plates, circular aperture. 1. (a) Mechanics of Particles : (e) Polarisation and Modern Optics : Laws of motion; conservation of energy and momentum, Production and detection of linearly and circularly polarized light; Double refraction, quarter wave plate; Optical applications to rotating frames, centripetal and Coriolis activity; Principles of fibre optics, attenuation; Pulse accelerations; Motion under a central force; Conservation of dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; Material angular momentum, Kepler’s laws; Fields and potentials; dispersion, single mode fibers; Lasers-Einstein A and B Gravitational field and potential due to spherical bodies, Gauss coefficients. Ruby and He-Ne lasers. Characteristics of laser and Poisson equations, gravitational self-energy; Two-body light-spatial and temporal coherence; Focusing of laser beams. problem; Reduced mass; Rutherford scattering; Centre of mass Three-level scheme for laser operation; Holography and simple and laboratory reference frames. applications. (b) Mechanics of Rigid Bodies : 3. Electricity and Magnetism : System of particles; Centre of mass, angular momentum, (a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics : equations of motion; Conservation theorems for energy, momentum and angular momentum; Elastic and inelastic Laplace and Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications; Energy of a system of charges, multipole collisions; Rigid Body; Degrees of freedom, Euler’s theorem, expansion of scalar potential; Method of images and its angular velocity, angular momentum, moments of inertia, applications. Potential and field due to a dipole, force and theorems of parallel and perpendicular axes, equation of motion torque on a dipole in an external field; Dielectrics, polarisation. for rotation; Molecular rotations (as rigid bodies); Di and tri- Solutions to boundary-value problems-conducting and atomic molecules; Precessional motion; top, gyroscope. dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field; Magnetic shell, (c) Mechanics of Continuous Media : uniformly magnetised sphere; Ferromagnetic materials, Elasticity, Hooke’s law and elastic constants of isotropic hysteresis, energy loss. solids and their inter-relation; Streamline (Laminar) flow, (b) Current Electricity : viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation, Bernoulli’s equation, Stokes’ Kirchhoff's laws and their applications. Biot-Savart law, law and applications. Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law, Lenz’ law. Self-and mutual- (d) Special Relativity : inductances; Mean and rms values in AC circuits; DC and AC circuits with R, L and C components; Series and parallel Michelson-Morely experiment and its implications; resonance; Quality factor; Principle of transformer. Lorentz transformations length contraction, time dilation, addition of relativistic velocities, aberration and Doppler effect, 4. Electromagnetic Waves and Blackbody Radiation : mass-energy relation, simple applications to a decay process. Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations; Wave Four dimensional momentum vector; Covariance of equations equations in vacuum, Poynting theorem; Vector and scalar of physics. potentials; Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of 2. Waves and Optics : Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in isotropic dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics; (a) Waves : Fresnel’s relations; Total internal reflection; Normal and Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced anomalous dispersion; Rayleigh scattering; Blackbody oscillation and resonance; Beats; Stationary waves in a string; radiation and Planck ’s radiation law- Stefan-Boltzmann law, Pulses and wave packets; Phase and group velocities; Wien’s displacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans law. Reflection and refraction from Huygens’ principle. 5. Thermal and Statistical Physics : (b) Geometrial Optics : (a) Thermodynamics : Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s principle; Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible Matrix method in paraxial optic-thin lens formula, nodal planes, processes, entropy; Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric system of two thin lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations. processes and entropy changes; Otto and Diesel engines, (c) Interference : Gibbs’ phase rule and chemical potential; Van der Waals equation of state of a real gas, critical constants; Maxwell- Interference of light -Young’s experiment, Newton’s Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities, transport rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer; phenomena, equipartition and virial theorems; Dulong-Petit, Multiple beam interference and Fabry Perot interferometer. Einstein, and Debye’s theories of specific heat of solids; (d) Diffraction : Maxwell relations and application; Clausius-Clapeyron Fraunhofer diffraction - single slit, double slit, diffraction equation. Adiabatic demagnetisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and grating, resolving power; Diffraction by a circular aperture and liquefaction of gases. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 193

(b) Statistical Physics : effect, Josephson junctions and applications; Elementary ideas Macro and micro states, statistical distributions, about high temperature super-conductivity. Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors- p-n-p and n-p-n Distributions, applications to specific heat of gases and transistors; Amplifiers and oscillators. Op-amps; FET, JFET blackbody radiation; Concept of negative temperatures. and MOSFET; Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De PAPER-II Morgan’s laws, Logic gates and truth tables. Simple logic circuits; Thermistors, solar cells; Fundamentals of 1. Quantum Mechanics : microprocessors and digital computers. Wave-particle duality; Schroedinger equation and POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL expectation values; Uncertainty principle; Solutions of the RELATIONS one-dimensional Schroedinger equation for free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box, particle in a finite PAPER- I well, linear harmonic oscillator; Reflection and transmission Political Theory and Indian Politics : by a step potential and by a rectangular barrier; Particle in a 1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches. three dimensional box, density of states, free electron theory of metals; Angular momentum; Hydrogen atom; Spin half 2. Theories of state : Liberal, Neo-liberal, Marxist, Pluiralist, particles, properties of Pauli spin matrices. post-colonial and Feminist. 2. Atomic and Molecular Physics : 3. Justice : Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitarian Stern-Gerlach experiment, electron spin, fine structure critiques. of hydrozen atom; L-S coupling, J-J coupling; Spectroscopic notation of atomic states; Zeeman effect; Franck-Condon 4. Equality : Social, political and economic; relationship principle and applications; Elementary theory of rotational, between equality and freedom; Affirmative action. vibrational and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules; Raman 5. Rights : Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; effect and molecular structure; Laser Raman spectroscopy; Concept of Human Rights. Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen 6. Democracy : Classical and contemporary theories; and molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy. Fluorescence and different models of democracy—representative, Phosphorescence; Elementary theory and applications of participatory and deliberative. NMR and EPR; Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and its significance. 7. Concept of power : hegemony, ideology and legitimacy. 3. Nuclear and Particle Physics : 8. Political Ideologies : Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism. Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment; Semi-empirical mass 9. Indian Political Thought: Dharamshastra, Arthashastra formula and applications. Mass parabolas; Ground state of a and Buddhist Traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri deuteron, magnetic moment and non-central forces; Meson Aurobindo, M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, M. N. Roy. theory of nuclear forces; Salient features of nuclear forces; 10. Western Political Thought : Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Shell model of the nucleus - success and limitations; Violation Hobbes, Locke, John S. Mill, Marx, Gramsci, Hannah of parity in beta decay; Gamma decay and internal conversion; Arendt. Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy; Q-value Indian Government and Politics of nuclear reactions; Nuclear fission and fusion, energy production in stars. Nuclear reactors. 1. Indian Nationalism : Classification of elementary particles and their (a) Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle : interactions; Conservation laws; Quark structure of hadrons : Constitutionalism to mass Satyagraha, Non- Field quanta of electroweak and strong interactions; cooperation, Civil Disobedience; Militant and Elementary ideas about unification of forces; Physics of Revolutionary Movements, Peasant and Workers neutrinos. Movements. 4. Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics : (b) Perspectives on Indian National Movement; Liberal, Socialist and Marxist; Radical Humanist and Dalit. Crystalline and amorphous structure of matter; Different crystal systems, space groups; Methods of determination of 2. Making of the Indian Constitution : Legacies of the crystal structure; X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission British rule; different social and political perspectives. electron microscopies; Band theory of solids—conductors, 3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution : The Preamble, insulators and semi-conductors; Thermal properties of solids, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive Principles; specific heat, Debye theory; Magnetism: dia, para and Parliamentary System and Amendment Procedures; ferromagnetism; Elements of super-conductivity, Meissner Judicial Review and Basic Structure doctrine. 194 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

4. (a) Principal Organs of the Union Government : Envisaged 5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations : role and actual working of the Executive, Legislature Idealist, Realist, Marxist, Functionalist and Systems and Supreme Court. theory. (b) Principal Organs of the State Government : Envisaged 6. Key Concepts in International Relations : National role and actual working of the Executive, Legislature interest, security and power; Balance of power and and High Courts. deterrence; Transational actors and collective security; World capitalist economy and globalisation. 5. Grassroots Democracy : Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government; Significance of 73rd and 74th 7. Changing International Political Order : Amendments; Grassroot movements. (a) Rise of super powers; Strategic and ideological 6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions : Election Bipolarity, arms race and cold war; Nuclear threat; Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, Finance (b) Non-aligned Movement : Aims and achievements. Commission, Union Public Service Commission, National (c) Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity and Commission for Scheduled Castes, National Commission American hegemony; Relevance of non-alignment for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Women; in the contemporary world. National Human Rights Commission, National Commission for Minorities, National Backward Classes 8. Evolution of the International Economic System : From Commission. Brettonwoods to WTO; Socialist economies and the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance); Third 7. Federalism : Constitutional provisions; changing nature World demand for new international economic order; of centre-state relations; integrationist tendencies and Globalisation of the world economy. regional aspirations; inter-state disputes. 9. United Nations : Envisaged role and actual record; 8. Planning and Economic development : Nehruvian and Specialized UN agencies—aims and functioning; need Gandhian perspectives; Role of planning and public for UN reforms. sector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarian relations; liberalization and economic reforms. 10. Regionalisation of World Politics : EU, ASEAN, APEC, AARC, NAFTA. 9. Caste, Religion and Ethnicity in Indian Politics. 11. Contemporary Global Concerns : Democracy, human 10. Party System : National and regional political parties, rights, environment, gender justice terrorism, nuclear ideological and social bases of parties; Patterns of proliferation. coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in electoral behaviour; changing socio-economic profile of India and the World Legislators. 1. Indian Foreign Policy : Determinants of foreign policy; 11. Social Movement : Civil liberties and human rights the institutions of policy-making; Continuity and movements; women’s movements; environmentalist change. movements. 2. India’s Contribution to the Non-Alignment Movement PAPER-II Different phases; Current role. Comparative Politics and International Relations 3. India and South Asia : Comparative Political Analysis and International Politics : (a) Regional Co-operation : SAARC-past performance 1. Comparative Politics : Nature and major approaches; and future prospects. Political economy and political sociology perspectives; (b) South Asia as a Free Trade Area. Limitations of the comparative method. (c) India’s “Look East” policy. 2. State in Comparative Perspective : Characteristics and changing nature of the State in capitalist and socialist (d) Impediments to regional co-operation : River water economies, and advanced industrial and developing disputes; illegal cross border migration; Ethnic societies. conflicts and insurgencies; Border disputes. 3. Politics of Representation and Participation : Political 4. India and the Global South : Relations with Africa and parties, pressure groups and social movements in Latin America; Leadership role in the demand for NIEO advanced industrial and developing societies. and WTO negotiations. 4. Globalisation : Responses from developed and 5. India and the Global Centres of Power : USA, EU, Japan, developing societies. China and Russia. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 195

6. India and the UN System: Role in UN Peace-keeping; 6. Learning : Concepts and theories of learning Demand for Permanent Seat in the Security Council. (Behaviourists, Gestaltalist and Information processing models). The processes of extinction, discrimination and 7. India and the Nuclear Question : Changing perceptions generalisation. Programmed learning, probability learning, self and policy. instructional learning, concepts, types and the schedules of 8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign Policy : India’s reinforcement, escape, avoidance and punishment, modelling position on the recent crises in Afghanistan, Iraq and and social learning. West Asia, growing relations with US and Isreal; Vision 7. Memory : Encoding and remembering; Shot-term of a new world order. memory, Long-term memory, Sensory memory, Iconic memory, Echoic memory: The Multistore model, levels of processing; PSYCHOLOGY Organization and Mnemonic techniques to improve memory; PAPER-I Theories of forgetting: decay, interference and retrieval failure: Metamemory; Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde. Foundations of Psychology 8. Thinking and Problem Solving : Piaget’s theory of 1. Introduction : Definition of Psychology; Historical cognitive development; Concept formation processes; antecedents of Psychology and trends in the 21st centrury; Information processing, Reasoning and problem solving, Psychology and scientific methods; Psychology in relation Facilitating and hindering factors in problem solving, Methods to other social sciences and natural sciences; Application of of problem solving: Creative thinking and fostering creativity; Psychology to societal problems. Factors influencing decision making and judgement; Recent trends. 2. Methods of Psychology : Types of research : Descriptive, evaluative, diagnostic and prognostic; Methods 9. Motivation and Emotion : Psychological and physiological basis of motivation and emotion; Measurement of Research : Survey, observation, case-study and of motivation and emotion; Effects of motivation and emotion experiments; Characteristics of experimental design and non- on behaviour; Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation; Factors experimental designs; quasi-experimental designs; Focussed influencing intrinsic motivation; Emotional competence and group discussions, brain storming, grounded theory approach. the related issues. 3. Research methods : Major steps in psychological 10. Intelligence and Aptitude : Concept of intelligence research (problem statement, hypothesis formulation, research and aptitude, Nature and theories of intelligence-Spearman, design, sampling, tools of data collection, analysis and Thurstone, Gulford Vernon, Sternberg and J.P. Das; Emotional interpretation and report writing); Fundamental versus applied Intelligence, Social intelligence, measurement of intelligence research; Methods of data collection (interview, observation, and aptitudes, concept of I Q deviation I Q, constancy of I Q; questionnaire and case study). Research Designs (Ex-post Measurement of multiple intelligence; Fluid intelligence and facto and experimental). Application of statistical techniques crystallized intelligence. (t-test, two-way ANOVA, correlation and regression and factor 11. Personality : Definition and concept of personality; analysis) item response theory. Theories of personality (psychoanalytical, socio-cultural, interpersonal, developmental, humanistic, behaviouristic, trait 4. Development of Human Behaviour : Growth and and type approaches); Measurement of personality (projective development; Principles of development, Role of genetic and tests, pencil-paper test); The Indian approach to personality; environmental factors in determining human behaviour; Training for personality development; Latest approaches like Influence of cultural factors in socialization; Life span big 5 factor theory; The notion of self in different traditions. development—Characteristics, development tasks, promoting 12. Attitudes, Values and Interests : Definitions of psychological well-being across major stages of the life span. attitudes, values and interests; Components of attitudes; 5. Sensation, Attention and Perception : Sensation: Formation and maintenance of attitudes. Measurement of concepts of threshold, absolute and difference thresholds, attitudes, values and interests. Theories of attitude changes, signal-detection and vigilance; Factors influencing attention strategies for fostering values. Formation of stereotypes and including set and characteristics of stimulus; Definition and prejudices; Changing other’s behaviour, Theories of concept of perception, biological factors in perception; attribution; Recent trends. Perceptual organization-influence of past experiences, 13. Language and Communication : Human language— perceptual defence-factor influencing space and depth Properties, structure and linguistic hierarchy, Language perception, size estimation and perceptual readiness; The acquisition—predispotion, critical period hypothesis; plasticity of perception; Extrasensory perception; Culture and Theories of Language development—Skinner and Chomsky; perception, Subliminal perception. Process and types of communication—effective commu- nication training. 196 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

14. Issues and Perspectives in Modern Contemporary challenged persons including old persons. Rehabilitation of Psychology : Computer application in the psychological persons suffering from substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, laboratory and psychological testing; Artificial intelligence; criminal behaviours. Rehabilitation of victims of violence. Psychocybernetics; Study of consciousnessleep-wak Rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims, the role of social agencies. schedules; dreams, stimulus deprivation, meditation, hypnotic/ 8. Application of Psychology to disadvantaged groups : drug induced states; Extrasensory perception; Intersensory perception; Simulation studies. The concepts of disadvantaged, deprivation social, physical, cultural and economic consequences of PAPER-II disadvantaged and deprived groups. Educating and Psychology : Issues and applications motivating the disadvantaged towards development; Relative 1. Psychological Measurement of Individual and prolonged deprivation. Differences : 9. Psychological problem of social integration : The nature of individual differences. Characteristics and construction of standardized psychological tests. Types The concept of social integration. The problem of caste, of psychological tests. Use, misuse and limitation of class, religion and language conflicts and prejudice. Nature psychological tests. Ethical issues in the use of psychological and manifestation of prejudice between the ingroup and tests. outgroup. Casual factors of such conflicts and prejudices. 2. Psychological well being and Mental Disorders : Psychological strategies for handling the conflicts and Concept of health-ill health positive health, well being prejudices. Measures to achieve social integration. casual factores in Mental disorders (Anxiety disorders, mood 10. Application of Psychology in Information Technology disorders; schizophrenia and delusional disorders; personality and Mass Media : disorders, substance abuse disorders). Factors influencing The present scenario of information technology and positive health, well being; lifestyle and quality of life; the mass media boom and the role of psychologists. Selection Happiness disposition and training of Psychology professionals to work in the field 3. Therapeutic Approaches : of IT and mass media. Distance learning through IT and mass Psychodynamic therapies. Behaviour therapies. Client media. Entrepreneurship through e-commerce. Multilevel centered therapy. Cognitive therapies. Indigenous therapies marketing. Impact of TV and fostering value through IT and (Yoga, Meditation). Biofeedback therapy. Prevention and mass media. Psychological consequences of recent rehabilitation of the mentally ill; Fostering mental health. developments in Information Technology. 4. Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour : 11. Psychology and Economic development : Personnel selection and training. Use of Psychological tests in the industry. Training and human resource Achievement motivation and economic development. development. Theories of work motivation. Herzberg, Maslow, Characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviour. Motivating and Adam Equity theory, Porter and Lawler, Vroom; Leadership Training people for entrepreneurship and economic and participatory management; Advertising and marketing; development; Consumer rights and consumer awareness, Stress and its management; Ergonomics; consumer Government policies for promotion of entrepreneurship among psychology; Managerial effectiveness; Transformational youth including women entreprenures. leadersip; Senitivity training; Power and politics in 12. Application of Psychology to environment and related organizations. fields : 5. Application of Psychology to Educational Field : Environmental Psychology effects of noise, pollution Psychological principles underlying effective teaching- and crowding. Population Psychology : Psychological learning process. Learning styles. Gifted, retarded, learning disabled and their training. Training for improving memory consequence of population explosion and high population and better academic achievement. Personality development density. Motivating for small family norms. Impact of rapid and value education. Educational, vocational guidance and scientific and technological growth on degradation of Career counselling. Use of Psychological tests in educational environment. institutions; Effective strategies in guidance programmes. 13. Application of psychology in other fields : 6. Community Psychology : (a) Military Psychology Definition and concept of Community Psychology. Use Devising psycological tests for defence personnel for of small groups in social action. Arousing Community use in selection, Training, counseling; training psychologists consciousness and action for handling social problems. Group decision making and leadership for social change. Effective to work , with defence personnel in promoting positive health; strategies for social change. Human engineering in defence. 7. Rehabilitation Psychology : (b) Sports Psychology Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention Psychological interventions in improving performance programmes—role of psychologists. Organising of services of athletes and sports. Persons participating in Individual and for rehabilitation of physically, mentally and socially Team Games. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 197

(c) Media influences on pro and anti-social behaviour. Ecology and administration; Riggsian models and their (d) Psychology of Terrorism. critique. 14. Psychology of Gender : 8. Development Dynamics : Issues of discrimination, Management of diversity; Concept of development; Changing profile of develop- Glass ceiling effect, Self-fulfilling prophesy, Women and Indian ment administration; ‘Anti-development thesis’; Bureaucracy society. and development; Strong state versus the market debate; Impact of liberalisation on administration in developing PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION countries; Women and development the self-help group PAPER-I movement. Administration Theory 9. Personnel Administration : 1. Introduction : Importance of human resource development; Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administra- Recruitment, training, career advancement, position classifi- tion, Wilson’s vision of Public Administration, Evolution of cation, discipline, performance appraisal, promotion, pray and the discipline and its present status. New Public Administra- service conditions; employer-employee relations, grievance tion, Public Choice approach; Challenges of liberalization, redressal mechanism; Code of conduct; Administrative Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance: concept and ethics. application; New Public Management. 10. Public Policy : 2. Administrative Thought : Models of policy-making and their critique; Processes Scientific Management and Scientific Management of conceptualisation, planning, implementation, monitoring, movement; Classical Theory; Weber’s bureaucratic model its evaluation and review and their limitations; State theories and critique and post-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Admi- public policy formulation. nistration (Mary Parker Follett); Human Relations School 11. Techniques of Adminstrative Improvement : (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive (C.I. Organisation and methods, Work study and work man- Barnard); Simon’s decision-making theory; Participative Man- agement; e-governance and information technology; Man- agement (R. Likert, C. Argyris, D. McGregor.) agement aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM. 3. Administrative Behaviour : 12. Financial Administration : Process and techniques of decision-making; Communi- cation; Morale; Motivation Theories content, process and Monetary and fiscal policies: Public borrowings and contemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Mo- public debt Budgets types and forms; Budgetary process; dem: Financial accountability; Accounts and audit. 4. Organisations : PAPER-II Theories systems, contingency; Structure and forms: Indian Administration Ministries and Departments, Corporations, Companies; Boards 1. Evolution of Indian Administration : and Commissions; Ad hoc, and advisory bodies; Headquar- Kautilya Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacy ters and Field relationships; Regulatory Authorities; Public- of British rule in politics and administration Indianization of Private Partnerships. Public services, revenue administration, district Administra- 5. Accountability and Control : tion, local self Government. . Concepts of accountability and control; Legislative, 2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework of Executive and judicial control over administration; Citizen and Government : Administration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary or- Salient features and value premises; Constitutionalism; ganizations; Civil society; Citizen’s Charters; Right to Infor- Political culture; Bureaucracy and democracy; Bureaucracy and development. mation; Social audit. 3. Public Sector Undertakings : 6. Administrative Law : Public sector in modern India; Forms of Public Sector Meaning, scope and significance; Dicey on Undertakings; Problems of autonomy, accountability and con- Administrative law; Delegated legislation; Administrative Tri- trol; Impact of liberalization and privatization. bunals. 4. Union Government and Administration : Executive, Parliament, Judiciary-structure, functions, 7. Comparative Public Administration : work processes; Recent trends; Intra-governmental relations; Historical and sociological factors affecting administra- Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Minister’s Office; Central Secre- tive systems; Administration and politics in different coun- tariat; Ministries and Departments; Boards; Commissions; tries; Current status of Comparative Public Administration; Attached offices; Field organizations. 198 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

5. Plans and Priorities : SOCIOLOGY Machinery of planning; Role, composition and functions PAPER– I of the Planning Commission and the National Development Council; ‘Indicative’ planning; Process of plan formulation at FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY Union and State levels; Constitutional Amendments (1992) 1. Sociology - The Discipline: and decentralized planning for economic development and (a) Modernity and social changes in Europe and social justice. emergence of Sociology. 6. State Government and Administration : Union-State administrative, legislative and financial (b) Scope of the subject and comparison with other social relations; Role of the Finance Commission; Governor; Chief sciences. Minister; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; State (c) Sociology and common sense. Secretariat; Directorates. 7. District Administration since Independence : 2. Sociology as Science: Changing role of the Collector; Union-State-local (a) Science, scientific method and critique. relations; Imperatives of development management and law (b) Major theoretical strands of research methodology. and order administration; District administration and democratic decentralization. (c) Positivism and its critique. 8. Civil Services : (d) Fact value and objectivity. Constitutional position; Structure, recruitment, training and capacity building; Good governance initiatives; Code of ( e) Non-positivist methodologies. conduct and discipline; Staff associations; Political rights; 3. Research Methods and Analysis: Grievance redressal mechanism; Civil service neutrality; Civil (a) Qualitative and quantitative methods. service activism. 9. Financial Management : (b) Techniques of data collection. Budget as a political instrument; Parliamentary control (c ) Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity. of public expenditure; Role of finance ministry in monetary 4. Sociological Thinkers: and fiscal area; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role of Controller General of Accounts and Comptroller and Auditor (a) Karl Marx - Historical materialism, mode of production, General of India. alienation, class struggle. 10. Administrative Reforms since Independence : (b) Emile Durkhteim - Division of labour, social fact, Major concerns; Important Committees and suicide, religion and society. Commissions; Reforms in financial management and human resource development; Problems of implementation. (c) Max Weber - Social action, ideal types, authority, 11. Rural Development : bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of Institutions and agencies since Independence; Rural capitalism. development programmes: foci and strategies; Decentralization (d) Talcolt Parsons - Social system, pattern variables. and Panchayati Raj; 73rd Constitutional amendment. (e) Robert K. Merton - Latent and manifest functions, 12. Urban Local Government : conformity and deviance, reference groups. Municipal governance: main features, structures, finance and problem areas; 74th Constitutional Amendment; (f) Mead - Self and identity. Global-local debate; New localism; Development dynamics, 5. Stratification and Mobility : politics and administration with special reference to city management. (a) Concepts - equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, 13. Law and Order Administration: poverty and deprivation. British legacy; National Police Commission; (b) Theories of social stratification - Structural func Investigative agencies; Role of Central and State Agencies tionalist theory, Marxist theory, Weberian theory. including para military forces in maintenance of law and order (c) Dimensions - Social stratification of class, status and countering insurgency and terrorism; Criminalisation of groups, gender, ethnicity and race. politics and administration; Police-public relations; Reforms in Police. (d) Social mobility - open and closed systems, types of 14. Significant issues in Indian Administration: mobility, sources and causes of mobility. Values in public service; Regulatory Commissions; 6. Works and Economic Life : National Human Rights Commission; Problems of administration in coalition regimes; Citizen administration (a) Social organization of work in different types of interface; Corruption and administration; Disaster society - slave society, feudal society, industrial management. capitalist society. ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 199

(b) Formal and informal organization of work. (ii) Caste System: (c) Labour and society. (a) Perspectives on the study of caste systems: G. S. 7. Politics and Society: Ghurye, M. N. Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre (a) Sociological theories of power. Beteille. (b) Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups and (b) Features of caste system. political parties. (c) Untouchability-forms and perspectives (c) Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, (iii) Tribal Communities in India: ideology. (a) Definitional problems. (d) Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution. (b) Geographical spread. 8. Religion and Society : (c) Colonial policies and tribes. (a) Sociological theories of religion. (d) Issues of integration and autonomy. (b) Types of religious practices: animism, monism, (iv) Social Classes in India: pluralism, sects, cults. (a) Agrarian class structure. (c) Religion in modern society: religion and science, (b) Industrial class structure. secularization, religious revivalism, fundamen talism. (c) Middle classes in India. 9. Systems of Kinship: (v) Systems of Kinship in India: (a) Family, household, marriage. (a) Lineage and descent in India. (b) Types and forms of family. (b) Types of kinship systems. (c) Lineage and descent. (c) Family and marriage in India. (d) Patriarchy and sexual division of labour. (d) Household dimensions of the family. (e) Contemporary trends. (e) Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division of 10. Social Change in Modern Society : labour. (a) Sociological theories of social change. (vi) Religion and Society : (b) Development and dependency. (a) Religious communities in India. (c) Agents of social change. (b) Problems of religious minorities. (d) Education and social change. C. Social Changes in India: (e) Science, technology and social change. PAPER–II (i) Visions of Social Change in India: INDIAN SOCIETY : STRUCTURE AND CHANGE (a) Idea of development planning and mixed economy. A. Introducing Indian Society : (b) Constitution, law and social change. (i) Perspectives on the Study of Indian Society : (c) Education and social change. (a) Indology (G.S. Ghure). (ii) Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India: (b) Structural functionalism (M. N. Srinivas). (a) Programmes of rural development, Community (c) Marxist sociology (A. R. Desai). Development Programme, cooperatives, poverty (ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society : alleviation schemes. (a) Social background of Indian nationalism. (b) Green revolution and social change. (b) Modernization of Indian tradition. (c) Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture. (c) Protests and movements during the colonial (d) Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration. period. (iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India: (d) Social reforms. (a) Evolution of modern industry in India. B. Social Structure: (b) Growth of urban settlements in India. (i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure: (a) The idea of Indian village and village studies. (c) Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization. (b) Agrarian social structure— (d) Informal sector, child labour. evolution of land tenure system, land reforms. (e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas. 200 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

(iv) Politics and Society : moment generating function, characteristic function, inver- sion theorem, Linderberg and Levy forms of central limit theo- (a) Nation, democracy and citizenship. rem, standard discrete and continuous probability distribu- (b) Political parties, pressure groups, social and political tions. elite. 2. Statistical Inference: (c) Regionalism and decentralization of power. Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, com- (d) Secularization. pleteness, ancillary statistics, factorization theorem, exponen- tial family of distribution and its properties, uniformly mini- (v) Social Movements in Modern India : mum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimation, Rao Blackwell (a) Peasants and farmers movements. and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, Cramer-Rao inequality for single Parameter. Estimation by methods of moments, maxi- (b) Women’s movement. mum likelihood, least squares, minimum chisquare and modi- (c) Backward classes & Dalit movements. fied minimum chisquare, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, asymptotic efficiency, prior and posterior (d) Environmental movements. distributions, loss function, risk function, and minimax esti- (e) Ethnicity and Identity movements. mator. Bayes estimators. (vi) Population Dynamics : Non-randomised and randomised tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman-Pearson lemma, UMP tests, monotone like- (a) Population size, growth, composition and lihood ratio: similar and unbiased tests, UMPU tests for single distribution. paramet likelihood ratio test and its asymptotic distribution. (b) Components of population growth: birth, death, Confidence bounds and its relation with tests. migration. Kolmogorov’s test for goodness of fit and its consis- (c) Population Policy and family planning. tency, sign test and its optimality. Wilcoxon signedranks test and its consistency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test, (d) Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant run test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and median test, their mortality, reproductive health. consistency and asymptotic normality. (vii) Challenges of Social Transformation : Wald’s SPRT and its properties, Oc and ASN (a) Crisis of development : displacement, environmental functions for tests regarding parameters for Bernoulli, Pois- problems and sustainability. son, normal and exponential distributions. Wald’s fundamen- (b) Poverty, deprivation and inequalities. tal identity. 3. Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis : (c) Violence against women. (d) Caste conflicts. Linear statistical models, theory of least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss-Markoff theory, normal equations, (e) Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism. least squares estimates and their precision, test of signifi- (f) Illiteracy and disparities in education. cance and interval estimates based on least squares theory in oneway, two-way and three-way classified data, regression STATISTICS analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and orthogo- PAPER–I nal polynomials, multiple regression, multiple and partial cor- relations, estimation of variance and covariance components, 1. Probability : multivariate normal distribution, Mahalanobis’s D2 and Sample space and events, probability measure and Hotelling’s T2 statistics and their applications and properties, probability space, random variable as a measurable function. discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, principal com- distribution function of a random variable, discrete and con- ponent analysis. tinuous-type random variable, probability mass function, prob- 4. Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments : ability density function, vector-valued random variable, mar- ginal and conditional distributions, stochastic independence An outline of fixed-population and super-population of events and of random variables, expectation and moments approaches, distinctive features of finite population sampling, of a random variable, conditional expectation, convergence of propability sampling designs, simple random sampling with a sequence of random variable in distribution, in probability, and without replacement, stratified random sampling, sys- in path mean and almost everywhere, their criteria and inter- tematic sampling and its efficacy, cluster sampling, twostage relations, Chebyshev’s inequality and Khintchine’s weak law and multi-stage sampling, ratio and regression methods of of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and estimation involving one or more auxiliary variables, two-phase Kolmogoroffs theorems, probability generating function, sampling, probability proportional to size sampling with and ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 201 without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the Horvitz- 3. Quantitative Economics and Official Statistics: Thompson estimators, non-negative variance estimation with reference to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, non-sampling Determination of trend, seasonal and cyclical errors. components, Box-Jenkins method, tests for stationary series, ARIMA models and determination of orders of autoregressive Fixed effects model (two-way classification) random and and moving average components, fore-casting. mixed effects models (two-way classification with equal ob- servation per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses, incom- Commonly used index numbers - Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s plete block designs, concepts of orthogonality and balance, and Fisher’s ideal index numbers, cham-base index number, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial experiments and 24 uses and limitations of index numbers, index number of and 32, confounding in factorial experiments, split-plot and wholesale prices, consumer price, agricultural production and simple lattice designs, transformation of data Duncan’s industrial production, test fot index numbers -proportionality, multiple range test. time-reversal, factor-reversal and circular. PAPER II General linear model, ordinary least square and generalized least squares methods of estimation, problem of 1. Industrial Statistics multi-collinearity, consequences and solutions of multi- Process and product control, general theory of control collinearity, autocorrelation and its consequences, charts, different types of control charts for variables and heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing, test for attributes, X, R, s, p, np and charts, cumulative sum chart. independence of disturbances concept of structure and model Single, double, multiple and sequential sampling plans for for simultaneous equations, problem of identification-rank and attributes, OC, ASN, AOQ and ATI curves, concepts of order conditions of identifiability, two-stage least sauare producer’s and consumer’s risks, AQL, LTPD and AOQL, method of estimation. Sampling plans for variables, Use of Dodge-Romin tables. Present official statistical system in India relating to population, agriculture, industrial production, trade and prices, Concept of reliability, failure rate and reliability functions, methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and reliability of series and parallel systems and other simple limitations, principal publications containing such statistics, configurations, renewal density and renewal function, various official agencies responsible for data collection and Failure models: exponential, Weibull, normal, lognormal. their main functions. Problems in life testing, censored and truncated experiments for exponential models. 4. Demography and Psychometry : 2. Optimization Techniques : Demographic data from census, registration, NSS other surveys, their limitations. and uses, definition, construction Different types of models in Operations Research, their and uses of vital rates and ratios, measures of fertility, construction and general methods of solution, reproduction rates, morbidity rate, standardized death rate, simulation and Monte-Carlo methods formulation of complete and abridged life tables, construction of life tables Linear Programming (LP) problem, simple LP model and its from vital statistics and census returns, uses of life tables, graphical solution, the simplex procedure, the two-phase logistic and other population growth curves, fitting a logistic metbod and the M-technique with artificial variables, the du- curve, population projection, stable population, quasi-stable ality theory of LP and its economic interpretation, sensitivity population, techniques in estimation of demographic analysis, transpotation and assignment problems, rectangu- parameters, standard classification by cause of death, health lar games, two-person zerosum games, methods of solution surveys and use of hospital statistics. (graphical and algebraic). Replacement of failing or deteriorating items, group and Methods of standardisation of scales and tests, individual replacement policies, concept of scientific inven- Z-scores, standard scores, T-scores, percentile scores, tory management and analytical structure of inventory prob- intelligence quotient and its measurement and uses, validity lems, simple models with deterministic and stochastic demand and reliability of test scores and its determination, use of factor with and without lead time, storage models with particular analysis and path analysis in psychometry. reference to dam type. ZOOLOGY Homogeneous discrete-time Markov chains, transition PAPER–I probability matrix, classification of states and ergodic theo- 1. Non-chordata and Chordata : rems, homogeneous continuous-time Markov chains, Pois- (a) Classification and relationship of various phyla up son process, elements of queuing theory, M/MI, M/M/K, G/ to subclasses: Acoelomate and Coelomate, M/l and M/G/1 queues. Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateria and Solution of statistical problems on computers using well- Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora known statistical software packages like SPSS. and Hemichordata; Symmetry. 202 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART I—SEC. 1]

(b) Protozoa: Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction, sex; 2. Ecology : General features and life history of Paramaecium, (a) Biosphere: concept of biosphere; biomes, Monocystis. Plasmodium and Leishmania. Biogeochemical cycles, Human induced changes (c) Porifera: Skeleton, canal system and reproduction. in atmosphere including green house effect, ecological succession, biomes and ecotones, (d) Cnidaria: Polymorphism, defensive structures and community ecology. their mechanism; coral reefs and their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of (b) Concept of ecosystem; structure and function of Obelia and Aurelia. ecosystem, types of ecosystem, ecological succession, ecological adaptation. (e) Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and (c) Population; characteristics, population dynamics, their-Pathogenic symptoms. population stabilization. (f) Nemathelminthes: General features, life history, (d) Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural parasitic adaptation of Ascaris and Wuchereria. resources. (e) Wildlife of India. (g) Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features and life history of (f) Remote sensing for sustainable development. Nereis, earthworm and leach. (g) Environmental biodegradation; pollution and its (h) Arthropoda: Larval forms and parasitism in impact on biosphere and its prevention. Crustacea; vision and respiration in arthropods 3. Ethology : (Prawn, cockroach and scorpion); modification. (a) Behaviour: Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign of mouth, parts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, stimuli, learning, and memory, instinct, habituation, housefly, honey bee and butterfly), metapmor conditioning, imprinting. phosis in insect and its hormonal regulation, socialbehaviour ofApis and termites. (b) Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis, predator detection, (i) Molluscs: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, general predator tactics, social hierarchies in primates, social features and life history of Lamellidens, Pila and organization in insects; Sepia. Torsion and detorsion in gastropods. (c) Orientation, navigation, homing; biological rhythms: (j) Echinodermata: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, biological clock, tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythms. larval forms, general features and life history of Asterias. (d) Methods of studying animal behaviour including sexual conflict, selfishness, kinship and altruism. (k) Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general features 4. Economic Zoology : and life history of Branchiostoma and Herdmania. (a) Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl (l) Pisces: Respiration, locomotion and migration. culture, prawn culture, vermiculture. (m) Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, parental care, (b) Major infectious and communicable diseases paedomorphosis. (malaria, filaria, tuberculosis, cholera and AIDS) their (n) Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of vectors, pathogens and prevention. Sphenodon and crocodiles. (c) Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogen (o) Aves: Origin of birds, flight adaptation, (helminths) and vectors (ticks, mites, Tabanus, migration. Stomoxys). (p) Mammalia: Origin of mammals, dentition, general (d) Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella), oil seed features of egg laying mammals, pouchedmammals, (Achaeajanata) and rice (Sitophilus oryzae). aquatic mammals and primates, endocrine glands (e) Transgenic animals. (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, (f) Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease and gonads) and their interrelationships. genetic counselling, gene therapy. (q) Comparative functional anatomy of various (g) Forensic biotechnology. systems of vertebrates. (integument and its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, 5. Biostatistics : digestive system,. respiratory system, circulatory Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, system including heart and aortic arches, regression, distribution and measure of central urinogenital system, brain and sense organs (eye tendency, chi square, student-test, F-test (one-way and ear). & two-way F-test). ¹Hkkx Iµ[k.M 1º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 203

6. Instrumentation methods : 5. Biochemistry : (a) Spectrophotometer, phase contrast and fluorescence (a) Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids, microscopy, radioactive tracer, ultra centrifuge, gel . cholesterol, proteins and amino-acids, nucleic acids. electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA, FISH and chromosome Bioenergetics. painting. (b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle, oxidation and reduc- (b) Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM). tion, oxidative phosphorylation; energy conserva- PAPER II tion and release, ATP, cycl cyclic AMP-its structure 1. Cell Biology : and role. (a) Structure and function of cell and its organelles (c) Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hor- (nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi mones), biosynthesis and functions. bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and (d) Enzymes: types and mechanisms of action. lysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), (e) Vitamins and co-enzymes. mitotic spindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome movement chromosome type ploytene and lambrush, (f) Immunoglobulin and immunity. organization of chromatin, heterochromatin, Cell 6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals) : cycle regulation. (a) Composition and constituents of blood; blood (b) Nucleic acid topology, DNA motif, DNA replication, groups and Rh factor in man; factors and mechanism transcription, RNA processing, translation, protein of coagulation; iron metabolism, acid-base balance, foldings and transport. thermo regulation, anticoagulants. 2. Genetics : (b) Haemoglobin: Composition, types and role in trans- (a) Modern concept of gene, split gene, genetic port of oxygen and carbon dioxide. regulation, genetic, code. (c) Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands, (b) Sex chromosomes and their evolution, sex liver, pancreas and intestinal glands. determination in Drosophila and man. (d) Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine forma- (c) Mendel’s laws of inheritance, recombination, tion; osmo-regulation and excretory product. linkage, multiple alleles, genetics of blood groups, pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in man. (e) Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skel- (d) Mutations and mutagenesis. etal muscles, effects of exercise on muscles. (e) Recombinant DNA technology, plasmid, cosmid, (f) Neuron: nerve impulse—its conduction and synap- artificial chromosomes as vectors, transgenics, DNA tic transmission; neurotransmitters. cloning and whole animal cloning (principles and (g) Vision, hearing and olfaction in man. methods). (h) Physiology of reproduction puberty and menopause (f) Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and in human. eukaryotes. 7. Developmental Biology : (g) Signal molecules, cell death, defects in signaling pathway and consequences. (a) Gametogenesis; spermatogenesis, composition of semen, in vitro and in vivo capacitation of mammalian (h) RFLP, RAPD and AFLF and application of RFLP in sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency; fertilization, DNA finger-printing, ribozyme technologies, human morphogenesis and morphogen; blastogeneis, genome project, genomics and protomics. establishment of body axes formation, fate map, 3. Evolution : gestulation in frog and chick; genes in development (a) Theories of origin of life. in chick homeotic genes, development of eye and (b) Theories of evolution; Natural selection, role of heart, placenta in mammals. mutation in evolution, evolutionary patterns, (b) Cell lineage, cell to cell interaction, Genetic and in- molecular drive, mimicry, variation, isolation and duced teratogenesis, role of thyroxine in control of speciation. metamorphosisin amphibia, paedogenesis and neo- (c) Evolution of horse, elephant and man using fossil data. teny, cell death, aging. (d) Hardy-Weinberg Law. (c) Developmental genes in man, in vitro fertilization; (e) Continental drift and distribution of animals. and embryo transfer; cloning. 4. Systematics : (d) Stem cells: Sources, types and their use in human Zoological nomenclature, international code, cladistics, welfare. molecular taxonomy and biodiversity. (e) Biogenetic law.