Guide to Permeability Indices
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Hydraulic Conductivity and Shear Strength of Dune Sand–Bentonite Mixtures
Hydraulic Conductivity and Shear Strength of Dune Sand–Bentonite Mixtures M. K. Gueddouda Department of Civil Engineering, University Amar Teledji Laghouat Algeria [email protected] [email protected] Md. Lamara Department of Civil Engineering, University Amar Teledji Laghouat Algeria [email protected] Nabil Aboubaker Department of Civil Engineering, University Aboubaker Belkaid, Tlemcen Algeria [email protected] Said Taibi Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes, CNRS FRE 3102, Univ. Le Havre, France [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Compacted layers of sand-bentonite mixtures have been proposed and used in a variety of geotechnical structures as engineered barriers for the enhancement of impervious landfill liners, cores of zoned earth dams and radioactive waste repository systems. In the practice we will try to get an economical mixture that satisfies the hydraulic and mechanical requirements. The effects of the bentonite additions are reflected in lower water permeability, and acceptable shear strength. In order to get an adequate dune sand bentonite mixtures, an investigation relative to the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour is carried out in this study for different mixtures. According to the result obtained, the adequate percentage of bentonite should be between 12% and 15 %, which result in a hydraulic conductivity less than 10–6 cm/s, and good shear strength. KEYWORDS: Dune sand, Bentonite, Hydraulic conductivity, shear strength, insulation barriers INTRODUCTION Rapid technological advances and population needs lead to the generation of increasingly hazardous wastes. The society should face two fundamental issues, the environment protection and the pollution risk control. -
Infiltration from the Pedon to Global Grid Scales: an Overview and Outlook for Land Surface Modeling
Published June 24, 2019 Reviews and Analyses Core Ideas Infiltration from the Pedon to Global • Land surface models (LSMs) show Grid Scales: An Overview and Outlook a large variety in describing and upscaling infiltration. for Land Surface Modeling • Soil structural effects on infiltration in LSMs are mostly neglected. Harry Vereecken, Lutz Weihermüller, Shmuel Assouline, • New soil databases may help to Jirka Šimůnek, Anne Verhoef, Michael Herbst, Nicole Archer, parameterize infiltration processes Binayak Mohanty, Carsten Montzka, Jan Vanderborght, in LSMs. Gianpaolo Balsamo, Michel Bechtold, Aaron Boone, Sarah Chadburn, Matthias Cuntz, Bertrand Decharme, Received 22 Oct. 2018. Agnès Ducharne, Michael Ek, Sebastien Garrigues, Accepted 16 Feb. 2019. Klaus Goergen, Joachim Ingwersen, Stefan Kollet, David M. Lawrence, Qian Li, Dani Or, Sean Swenson, Citation: Vereecken, H., L. Weihermüller, S. Philipp de Vrese, Robert Walko, Yihua Wu, Assouline, J. Šimůnek, A. Verhoef, M. Herbst, N. Archer, B. Mohanty, C. Montzka, J. Vander- and Yongkang Xue borght, G. Balsamo, M. Bechtold, A. Boone, S. Chadburn, M. Cuntz, B. Decharme, A. Infiltration in soils is a key process that partitions precipitation at the land sur- Ducharne, M. Ek, S. Garrigues, K. Goergen, J. face into surface runoff and water that enters the soil profile. We reviewed the Ingwersen, S. Kollet, D.M. Lawrence, Q. Li, D. basic principles of water infiltration in soils and we analyzed approaches com- Or, S. Swenson, P. de Vrese, R. Walko, Y. Wu, and Y. Xue. 2019. Infiltration from the pedon monly used in land surface models (LSMs) to quantify infiltration as well as its to global grid scales: An overview and out- numerical implementation and sensitivity to model parameters. -
Water Well Drilling for the Prospective Owner
WATER WELL DRILLING FOR THE PROSPECTIVE WELL OWNER (INDIVIDUAL, DOMESTIC USE) WATER WELL DRILLING FOR THE PROSPECTIVE WELL OWNER (INDIVIDUAL, DOMESTIC USE) This pamphlet was compiled by the Board of Water Well Contractors primarily to assist prospective owners of non-public wells. While much of the information is also useful for community, multi-family, or public water supply wells; there are additional considerations, not discussed in this publication, that need to be addressed. If you are the current or prospective owner of a community, multi- family, or public water supply well; please contact the Dept. of Environmental Quality, Public Water Supply Division for assistance. Contact information can be found at the end of this publication. Revised 2007 How Much Water Do I Need? You will need a dependable water supply for your present and future uses. An average household uses approximately 200-400 gallons of water per day. For a family of four, this means that a domestic well should provide a dependable yield of 10 to 25 gallons per minute (gpm) to adequately supply all needs, including lawn and garden watering. Much smaller yields may be acceptable, if adequate storage tanks are used. Most mortgage companies require a well yield of at least 5 gpm. More specific information is available from county sanitarians, engineering firms, water well contractors, or pump installers. Before you have your well drilled, find out from a local drilling contractor, the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation (DNRC), or the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology (MBMG) how much water can be produced from the aquifers in your area, the chemical quality of that water, and the depth to the water supply. -
Well Foundation Is the Most Commonly Adopted Foundation for Major Bridges in India
Well foundation is the most commonly adopted foundation for major bridges in India. Since then many major bridges across wide rivers have been founded on wells. Well foundation is preferable to pile foundation when foundation has to resist large lateral forces. The construction principles of well foundation are similar to the conventional wells sunk for underground water. But relatively rigid and engineering behaviour. Well foundations have been used in India for centuries. The famous Taj Mahal at Agra stands on well foundation. To know the construction of well foundation. To know the different types and shapes of well foundations. To know which type of well foundation is suitable for different types of soil strata. Wells have different shapes and accordingly they are named as:- 1. Circular well, 2. Double D well, 3. Twin circular well, 4. Double octagonal well, 5. Rectangular well. . Open caisson or well Well Box Caisson Pneumatic Caisson Open caisson or well: The top and bottom of the caisson is open during construction. It may have any shape in plan. Box caisson: It is open at the top but closed at the bottom. Pneumatic caisson: It has a working chamber at the bottom of the caisson which is kept dry by forcing out water under pressure, thus permitting excavation under dry conditions. . Well foundation construction in bouldery bed strata Pasighat Bridge Andhra Pradesh The Important Factors of the bridge were as follows.. Length of the bridge - 704 mts. Foundation:- i. Type -Circular Well. ii. Outer Diameter -11.7 mtrs. iii. Inner Dia. -6.64 mtrs iv. Steining thickness -2.53 mtrs. -
Porosity and Permeability Lab
Mrs. Keadle JH Science Porosity and Permeability Lab The terms porosity and permeability are related. porosity – the amount of empty space in a rock or other earth substance; this empty space is known as pore space. Porosity is how much water a substance can hold. Porosity is usually stated as a percentage of the material’s total volume. permeability – is how well water flows through rock or other earth substance. Factors that affect permeability are how large the pores in the substance are and how well the particles fit together. Water flows between the spaces in the material. If the spaces are close together such as in clay based soils, the water will tend to cling to the material and not pass through it easily or quickly. If the spaces are large, such as in the gravel, the water passes through quickly. There are two other terms that are used with water: percolation and infiltration. percolation – the downward movement of water from the land surface into soil or porous rock. infiltration – when the water enters the soil surface after falling from the atmosphere. In this lab, we will test the permeability and porosity of sand, gravel, and soil. Hypothesis Which material do you think will have the highest permeability (fastest time)? ______________ Which material do you think will have the lowest permeability (slowest time)? _____________ Which material do you think will have the highest porosity (largest spaces)? _______________ Which material do you think will have the lowest porosity (smallest spaces)? _______________ 1 Porosity and Permeability Lab Mrs. Keadle JH Science Materials 2 large cups (one with hole in bottom) water marker pea gravel timer yard soil (not potting soil) calculator sand spoon or scraper Procedure for measuring porosity 1. -
Linktm Gabions and Mattresses Design Booklet
LinkTM Gabions and Mattresses Design Booklet www.globalsynthetics.com.au Australian Company - Global Expertise Contents 1. Introduction to Link Gabions and Mattresses ................................................... 1 1.1 Brief history ...............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Applications ..............................................................................................................................1 1.3 Features of woven mesh Link Gabion and Mattress structures ...............................................2 1.4 Product characteristics of Link Gabions and Mattresses .........................................................2 2. Link Gabions and Mattresses .............................................................................. 4 2.1 Types of Link Gabions and Mattresses .....................................................................................4 2.2 General specification for Link Gabions, Link Mattresses and Link netting...............................4 2.3 Standard sizes of Link Gabions, Mattresses and Netting ........................................................6 2.4 Durability of Link Gabions, Link Mattresses and Link Netting ..................................................7 2.5 Geotextile filter specification ....................................................................................................7 2.6 Rock infill specification .............................................................................................................8 -
Hydraulic Conductivity of Composite Soils
This is a repository copy of Hydraulic conductivity of composite soils. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/119981/ Version: Accepted Version Proceedings Paper: Al-Moadhen, M orcid.org/0000-0003-2404-5724, Clarke, BG orcid.org/0000-0001-9493-9200 and Chen, X orcid.org/0000-0002-2053-2448 (2017) Hydraulic conductivity of composite soils. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Coupled Phenomena in Environmental Geotechnics (CPEG2). 2nd Symposium on Coupled Phenomena in Environmental Geotechnics (CPEG2), 06-07 Sep 2017, Leeds, UK. This is an author produced version of a paper presented at the 2nd Symposium on Coupled Phenomena in Environmental Geotechnics (CPEG2), Leeds, UK 2017. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Coupled Phenomena in Environmental Geotechnics (CPEG2), Leeds, UK 2017 Hydraulic conductivity of composite soils Muataz Al-Moadhen, Barry G. -
Impact of Water-Level Variations on Slope Stability
ISSN: 1402-1757 ISBN 978-91-7439-XXX-X Se i listan och fyll i siffror där kryssen är LICENTIATE T H E SIS Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering1 Division of Mining and Geotechnical Engineering Jens Johansson Impact of Johansson Jens ISSN 1402-1757 Impact of Water-Level Variations ISBN 978-91-7439-958-5 (print) ISBN 978-91-7439-959-2 (pdf) on Slope Stability Luleå University of Technology 2014 Water-Level Variations on Slope Stability Variations Water-Level Jens Johansson LICENTIATE THESIS Impact of Water-Level Variations on Slope Stability Jens M. A. Johansson Luleå University of Technology Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Division of Mining and Geotechnical Engineering Printed by Luleå University of Technology, Graphic Production 2014 ISSN 1402-1757 ISBN 978-91-7439-958-5 (print) ISBN 978-91-7439-959-2 (pdf) Luleå 2014 www.ltu.se Preface PREFACE This work has been carried out at the Division of Mining and Geotechnical Engineering at the Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources, at Luleå University of Technology. The research has been supported by the Swedish Hydropower Centre, SVC; established by the Swedish Energy Agency, Elforsk and Svenska Kraftnät together with Luleå University of Technology, The Royal Institute of Technology, Chalmers University of Technology and Uppsala University. I would like to thank Professor Sven Knutsson and Dr. Tommy Edeskär for their support and supervision. I also want to thank all my colleagues and friends at the university for contributing to pleasant working days. Jens Johansson, June 2014 i Impact of water-level variations on slope stability ii Abstract ABSTRACT Waterfront-soil slopes are exposed to water-level fluctuations originating from either natural sources, e.g. -
Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of Soil and Potentiometric Surface of The
Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of Soil and Potentiometric Surface of the Missouri River Alluvial Aquifer at Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas August 1992 and January 1993 By Brian P. Kelly and Dale W. Blevins__________ U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 95-322 Prepared in cooperation with the MID-AMERICA REGIONAL COUNCIL Rolla, Missouri 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director For additional information Copies of this report may be write to: purchased from: U.S. Geological Survey District Chief Earth Science Information Center U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports Section 1400 Independence Road Box 25286, MS 517 Mail Stop 200 Denver Federal Center Rolla, Missouri 65401 Denver, Colorado 80225 II Geohydrologic Characteristics of the Missouri River Alluvial Aquifer at Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas CONTENTS Glossary................................................................................................................~^ V Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................^ 1 Study Area.................................................................................................................................................................. -
Transmissivity, Hydraulic Conductivity, and Storativity of the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer in Texas
Technical Report Transmissivity, Hydraulic Conductivity, and Storativity of the Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer in Texas by Robert E. Mace Rebecca C. Smyth Liying Xu Jinhuo Liang Robert E. Mace Principal Investigator prepared for Texas Water Development Board under TWDB Contract No. 99-483-279, Part 1 Bureau of Economic Geology Scott W. Tinker, Director The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78713-8924 March 2000 Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 2 Study Area ......................................................................................................................... 5 HYDROGEOLOGY....................................................................................................................... 5 Methods .............................................................................................................................. 13 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................... 14 DATA COMPILATION ...................................................................................................... 14 EVALUATION OF HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES FROM THE TEST DATA ................. 19 Estimating Transmissivity from Specific Capacity Data.......................................... 19 STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................ -
Method 9100: Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Saturated Leachate
METHOD 9100 SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, SATURATED LEACHATE CONDUCTIVITY, AND INTRINSIC PERMEABILITY 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope and Application: This section presents methods available to hydrogeologists and and geotechnical engineers for determining the saturated hydraulic conductivity of earth materials and conductivity of soil liners to leachate, as outlined by the Part 264 permitting rules for hazardous-waste disposal facilities. In addition, a general technique to determine intrinsic permeability is provided. A cross reference between the applicable part of the RCRA Guidance Documents and associated Part 264 Standards and these test methods is provided by Table A. 1.1.1 Part 264 Subpart F establishes standards for ground water quality monitoring and environmental performance. To demonstrate compliance with these standards, a permit applicant must have knowledge of certain aspects of the hydrogeology at the disposal facility, such as hydraulic conductivity, in order to determine the compliance point and monitoring well locations and in order to develop remedial action plans when necessary. 1.1.2 In this report, the laboratory and field methods that are considered the most appropriate to meeting the requirements of Part 264 are given in sufficient detail to provide an experienced hydrogeologist or geotechnical engineer with the methodology required to conduct the tests. Additional laboratory and field methods that may be applicable under certain conditions are included by providing references to standard texts and scientific journals. 1.1.3 Included in this report are descriptions of field methods considered appropriate for estimating saturated hydraulic conductivity by single well or borehole tests. The determination of hydraulic conductivity by pumping or injection tests is not included because the latter are considered appropriate for well field design purposes but may not be appropriate for economically evaluating hydraulic conductivity for the purposes set forth in Part 264 Subpart F. -
Low Tunnels Reduce Irrigation Water Needs and Increase Growth, Yield
HORTSCIENCE 54(3):470–475. 2019. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13568-18 mental conditions and plant stage (size). Increased ET results in increased crop water needs. Factors influencing ET are SR, crop Low Tunnels Reduce Irrigation Water growth stage, daylength, air temperature, rel- ative humidity (RH), and wind speed (Allen Needs and Increase Growth, Yield, and et al., 1998; Jensen and Allen, 2016; Zotarelli et al., 2010). Therefore, fully grown plants Water-use Efficiency in Brussels demand larger amounts of water, especially in warm, sunny, and windy days (Abdrabbo et al., 2010). Under LT, however, rowcover Sprouts Production reduces direct sunlight and blocks wind, which Tej P. Acharya1, Gregory E. Welbaum, and Ramon A. Arancibia2 reduces ET even at higher temperatures School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, 330 Smyth Hall, Virginia Tech, (Arancibia, 2009, 2012). Therefore, reducing ET in crops grown under LTs may reduce Blacksburg, VA 24061 irrigation requirements and improve WUE. Additional index words. rowcover, temperature, solar radiation, evapotranspiration The use of LT can be beneficial to extend the harvest season of brussels sprouts (Bras- Abstract. Farmers use low tunnels (LTs) covered with spunbonded fabric to protect sica oleracea L. Group Gemmifera). Brussels warm-season vegetable crops against cold temperatures and extend the growing season. sprout is a cool season, frost-tolerant vegeta- Cool season vegetable crops may also benefit from LTs by enhancing vegetative growth ble crop from the family Brassicaceae. It is an and development. This study investigated the effect of the microenvironmental condi- important source of dietary fiber, vitamins tions under LTs on brussels sprouts growth and production as well as water re- (A, C, and K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), quirements and use efficiency in comparison with those in open fields.