Epidemiology in Texas 1993 Annual Report
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Epidemiology in Texas 1993 Annual Report ~~- Epidemiology in Texas 1993 Annual Report Associateship for Disease Control and Prevention Texas Department of Health 1100 West 49th Street Austin, Texas 78756 David R. Smith, MD Commissioner Carol S. Daniels Deputy Commissioner for Programs Roy L. Hogan Deputy Commissioner for Administration Diane Simpson, PhD, MD, MPH Associate Commissioner of Disease Control and Prevention Members of the Board of Health Ruth F. Stewart, MS, RNC Chair Ramiro R. Casso, MD Vice-C hair David L. Collins, PE William A. Scott, LMSW-ACP Stephen L. Tatum Betsy Triplett-Hurt ii Contributors Associateship for Disease Control and Prevention Diane Simpson, PhD, MD, MPH, Associate Commissioner Immunization Division Robert Crider, Jr., MS, MPA, Division Director Lisa Besselink, MHA Harold Higgins, MS Xuan-Nguyen Huynh Jan Pelosi, MPH Bureau of Chronic Disease Philip Huang, MD, MPH, Bureau Chief Jane Harman, DVM, PhD Cancer Registry Division Nancy Weiss, PhD, Division Director Barry Wilson Bureau of Communicable Disease Control Michael Kelley, MD, MPH, Bureau Chief Erik Svenkerud, MD, MPH I Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance Division Kate Hendricks, MD, MPH&TM, Division Director Russell Larsen, PhD, MPH James Perdue Julie Rawlings, MPH Beverly Ray, RN, CIC Jim Schuermann Lynne Sehulster, PhD, M(ASCP) Christina Stovall, MSPH Jeffery Taylor, MPH Tuberculosis Elimination Division John Bybee, Division Director Shawn Safarimaryaki, MD, MPH, MS Zoonosis Control Division Keith Clark, DVM, PhD, Division Director Pamela Wilson, RVT, MEd, CHES iii Bureau of Epidemiology Dennis Perrotta, PhD, CIC, Bureau Chief Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Toxicology Division Jean Brender, RN, PhD, Division Director Kathryn Berry, MS, CIH Julie Borders Betty Brown, RN, MPH Kathryn Evans, MPH Richard Harris Judy Henry, MS Mandy Holt Nancy Ingram Susan Prosperie, MS Diana Salzman, MPH Patricia Schnitzer, PhD John Villanacci, PhD Laurie Wagner Teresa Willis Injury Prevention and Control Program David Zane, MS, Program Director Penny Finuf, MSN, RNCS Gulnur Ford Jennifer Hunteman Mary Jo Preece Michael Skrabanek, MA Gene Willard, MA Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Division Mark Canfield, PhD, Division Director Dan Driggers Nagla Elerian Bureau of HIV and STD Prevention Charles Bell, MD, Bureau Chief HIV and STD Epidemiology Division Joann Schulte, DO, Division Director Doug Hamaker Susan Kollath Barry Mitchell, MPH Associateship for Health Care Delivery Beverly Koops, MD, Associate Commissioner Bureau of Women and Children Patti Patterson, MD, Bureau Chief Women's Health Division Scott simpson, MD, Division Director Associateship for Health Care Quality and Standards Ron Mansolo, Associate Commissioner Bureau of Vital Statistics Rick Bays, BBA, Bureau Chief Division of Statistical Services Tom Pollard, Division Director Gary Rutenberg, PhD Acknowledgments In the past, the responsibility for producing the Epidemiology in Texas Annual Report has fallen primarily on one person who usually had to suspend all other work activities for several months. Under the direction of a guidance team consisting of program and division directors, bureau chiefs, and the Associate Commissioner of Disease Control and Prevention - the 1993 Annual Report was produced by a project team of representa- tives from each contributing program. This method of production has enabled the staff working on the project to continue their regular work responsibilities while producing the report, spread the responsibility and ownership of the project among several individuals, trained these individuals in the steps necessary to produce a major publication, and enabled the 1993 Annual Report to be developed quickly while retaining its quality. Along with the authors and other contributors to the Epidemiology in Texas: 1993 Annual Report, I would like to recognize the following project team members for their excellent work: 1993 Annual Repovt Project Team Lisa Besselink, MHA Jim Schuermann Immunization Division Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance Division Debra Hack Christina Stovall, MSPH Bureau of Epidemiology Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance Division Barry Mitchell, MPH Ann Tyree, MS Bureau of HIV and STD Prevention Tuberculosis Elimination Division Wanda Rinehart Pamela Wilson, RVT, MEd, CHES Bureau of Chronic Disease Zoonosis Control Division Jane Mahlow, DVM, MS (Team Leader) Susan Hammack, MEd (Editor) Zoonosis Division Public Health Professional Education Mark Gregg, MA (Team Facilitator) Susan Hurst (Layout & Design) Public Health Professional Education Public Health Professional Education In addition to the project team members and authors, other people contributed their services to this report. I also would like to thank the following people for their assis- tance: J. Pablo Bastida Sharon King Lois Terrell Letty Cano Mattie Larry Maria Vega Lisa Doggett Julie Marangi David Villasenor Elaine Heinzke Guy Moore Rebecca Wood Yvonne Holguin Sylvia Perry Kirbi Woods Michael Horne Brad Prescott Betty Woytek Lois Kantor Melissa Samples-Ruiz Brian King Tina Sheffield Diane Simpson, PhD, MD, MPH Associate Commissioner Disease Control & Prevention vii Contents ... Contributors .................................................................................................. sl Acknowledgments .......................................................................................vi Fore word ..........................................................................................................x Preface ...........................................................................................................xi Reports Brucellosis ............................................................................................................. 1 Cancer Cluster Investigation ............................................................................. 2 Cholera .................................................................................................................. 5 Drowning Mortality. With Estimates of Near Drowning............................... 6 Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Outbreak Investigation .............................................. 7 Firearm-Related Injury Surveillance ................................................................... 9 Haemophilus influenzae type b Infections. (Invasive)........................................ 15 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ..................................................................... 16 Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance ................................ 17 Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Substances ................................................... 21 Hepatitis. Viral ...................................................................................................... 26 HIV/ AIDS ............................................................................................................. 36 Immunization Levels: A Retrospective Survey ................................................ 40 Influenza and Flu-like Illness ............................................................................. 42 Injury: Progress in Meeting Year 2000 Objectives ................................................................................................ 46 Malaria ................................................................................................................... 49 Measles ................................................................................................................... 51 Meningococcal Infection ...................................................................................... 53 Neural Tube Defects in Texas: Recent Trends ................................................ 54 Occupational Disease Surveillance .................................................................... 62 Pertussis ................................................................................................................. 67 Plague ..................................................................................................................... 69 Rabies, Human Case ............................................................................................ 71 Rabies in Animals ................................................................................................. 72 Rabies Postexposure Treatment in Humans .................................................... 74 St. Louis Encephalitis ........................................................................................... 76 Salmonellosis ......................................................................................................... 77 Sexually Transmitted Diseases ........................................................................... 78 Shigellosis ...............................................................................................................80 Smoking: Access of Minors to Cigarette Vending Machines .......................................................................................... 82 Tetanus ................................................................................................................... 85 Tick-borne Diseases .............................................................................................. 86 Traumatic Brain Injuries...................................................................................... 88 Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries .........................................................................