DOCSLIB.ORG

Water Column Distribution and Carbon Isotopic Signal of Cholesterol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Water Column Distribution and Carbon Isotopic Signal of Cholesterol Water column distribution and carbon isotopic signal of cholesterol, brassicasterol and particulate organic carbon in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean Anne-Julie Cavagna, Frank Dehairs, Steven Bouillon, V. Woule-Ebongué, Frédéric Planchon, Bruno Delille, Ioanna Bouloubassi To cite this version: Anne-Julie Cavagna, Frank Dehairs, Steven Bouillon, V. Woule-Ebongué, Frédéric Planchon, et al.. Water column distribution and carbon isotopic signal of cholesterol, brassicasterol and particulate organic carbon in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Biogeosciences, European Geosciences Union, 2013, 10 (4), pp.2787-2801. 10.5194/bg-10-2787-2013. hal-00914348v2 HAL Id: hal-00914348 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00914348v2 Submitted on 25 Apr 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License EGU Journal Logos (RGB) Open Access Open Access Open Access Advances in Annales Nonlinear Processes Geosciences Geophysicae in Geophysics Open Access Open Access Natural Hazards Natural Hazards and Earth System and Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Chemistry Chemistry and Physics and Physics Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Measurement Measurement Techniques Techniques Discussions Open Access Biogeosciences, 10, 2787–2801, 2013 Open Access www.biogeosciences.net/10/2787/2013/ Biogeosciences doi:10.5194/bg-10-2787-2013 Biogeosciences Discussions © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Open Access Open Access Climate Climate of the Past of the Past Discussions Water column distribution and carbon isotopic signal of cholesterol, Open Access Open Access brassicasterol and particulate organic carbon in theEarth Atlantic System sector Earth System Dynamics Dynamics of the Southern Ocean Discussions A.-J. Cavagna1, F. Dehairs1, S. Bouillon2, V. Woule-Ebongue´1, F. Planchon3,*, B. Delille4, and I. Bouloubassi5 Open Access 1Earth and System Sciences & Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel,Geoscientific Brussels, Belgium Geoscientific Open Access 2Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Soil and Water Management,Instrumentation Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Instrumentation Leuven, Belgium Methods and Methods and 3Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Section Mineralogy and Petrography, Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium Data Systems Data Systems 4Department d’Astrophysique, Geophysique et Oceanographie/Oc´ eanographie´ chimique, Universite´ Libre de Liege,` Liege,` Discussions Open Access Open Access Belgium Geoscientific 5Laboratoire d’Oceanographie´ et du Climat (LOCEAN), Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris,Geoscientific France *now at: Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Europeen´ de la Mer, Plouzane,´ Model Development Model Development France Discussions Correspondence to: A.-J. Cavagna ([email protected]) Open Access Open Access Received: 13 January 2012 – Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 9 February 2012 Hydrology and Hydrology and Revised: 20 March 2013 – Accepted: 2 April 2013 – Published: 29 April 2013 Earth System Earth System Sciences Sciences Abstract. The combination of concentrations and δ13C sig- rate related effects. Our data suggest a key role of zooplank- Discussions Open Access natures of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and sterols ton fecal aggregates in carbon export for thisOpen Access part of the provides a powerful approach to study ecological and envi- Southern Ocean (SO). Additionally, in the southern part of Ocean Science ronmental changes in both the modern and ancient ocean. the transect south of theOcean Polar Front Science (PF), the release of sea- We applied this tool to study the biogeochemical changes ice algae during the ice demise in the Seasonal Ice Zone Discussions in the modern ocean water column during the BONUS- (SIZ) is hypothesized to influence the isotopic signature of GoodHope survey (February–March 2008) from Cape Basin sterols in the open ocean. Overall, the combined use of δ13C Open Access to the northern part of the Weddell Gyre. Cholesterol and values and concentrations measurements of bothOpen Access bulk or- brassicasterol were chosen as ideal biomarkers of the het- ganic C and specific sterols throughout the water column of- Solid Earth erotrophic and autotrophic carbon pools, respectively, be- fers the promising potential toSolid explore Earth the recent history of cause of their ubiquitous and relatively refractory nature. plankton and the fate of organic matter in the SO. Discussions We document depth distributions of concentrations (rel- ative to bulk POC) and δ13C signatures of cholesterol and Open Access Open Access brassicasterol combined with CO2 aq. surface concentration 1 Introduction 13 variation. While the relationship between CO2 aq. and δ C The Cryosphere of bulk POC and biomarkers have been reported by oth- The intensity of organicThe matter Cryosphere (OM) export combined with Discussions ers for the surface water, our data show that this persists the efficiency of deep water heterotrophic reprocessing of in mesopelagic and deep waters, suggesting that δ13C sig- this material sets the sequestration’s efficiency of the oceanic natures of certain biomarkers in the water column could be biological carbon pump (Honjo et al., 2008; Boyd and Trull, applied as proxies for surface water CO2 aq. We observed a 2007; Battle et al., 2000). However, it appears difficult to general increase in sterol δ13C signatures with depth, which balance the organic C demand by twilight zone (currently is likely related to a combination of particle size effects, se- defined as the depth interval between 100–1000 m) het- lective feeding on larger cells by zooplankton, and growth erotrophs with the export flux from the upper mixed layer Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 2788 A.-J. Cavagna et al.: Water column distribution and carbon isotopic signal of sterols and POC (Burd et al., 2010; Steinberg et al., 2008; Reinthaler et al., controlled mesocosm experiments that grazers convert dif- 2006; Ar´ıstegui et al., 2005). Therefore it is essential to bet- ferent algal precursor sterols into cholesterol without signif- ter understand the processes controlling the export and re- icant isotopic fractionation. Moreover, Chikaraishi (2006) in processing of exported OM (Boyd and Trull, 2007). Gaining accordance with Grice et al. (1998) reports that no substan- information about the sources and fate of sinking and sus- tial carbon isotopic fractionation occurs during either het- pended biogenic particles is necessary to improve our knowl- erotrophic sterol assimilation or de novo synthesis. edge of the processes occurring below the euphotic layer, Schouten et al. (1998) state that the refractory nature where the attenuation of the export flux is the strongest. One and ubiquitous character of cholesterol as an eukaryotic 13 way to improve our understanding about mechanisms con- marker should favor the integrity of the δ Ccholesterol signa- trolling interrelated biogeochemical processes involved in tures when particles sink to greater depth, thereby preserv- carbon export and reprocessing is to characterize the chemi- ing the information acquired in surface waters. Brassicas- cal composition of C-carrier phases, such as particles sinking terol (2815,22: 24-Methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3β-ol) is re- rapidly through the water column as well as suspended fine ported in a large number of algal classes (Volkman, 2003; particles with longer residence time (Wakeham et al., 2009). 1986) and is considered as a strict phytosterol, i.e. it can- As part of the Southern Ocean GEOTRACE program sam- not be biosynthesized by zooplankton. For these reasons, it pling opportunity, this study explores the fate of organic mat- is commonly used as an indicator of marine algae and of di- ter in the water column for the Atlantic sector of the Southern atoms, in particular. Recently, Rampen et al. (2010) stressed Ocean. Further dataset acquisition on the global ocean will that when diatoms dominate the phytoplankton community, help to reach a general picture using such type of informa- sterols, and brassicasterol in particular (abundant in the pen- tion since, to the best of our knowledge, no dataset like this nate diatoms), provide useful information on the type of di- one is available on the ocean water column. In the following atoms that are present. Therefore, for the Southern Ocean we focus our work on the Southern Ocean area. where diatoms are dominant but where other phytoplankton While several studies have examined the δ13C values of groups also contribute to the primary production, we will the bulk particulate organic carbon (POC) in the Southern consider brassicasterol as a strict phytoplankton indicator. Ocean (Lourey et al., 2004; Trull and Armand, 2001; Popp Because of their ubiquitous and relative refractory
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Isolation and Characterization of Two Sterols from the Green Alga, Selenastrum Capricornutum
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1-1-1976 Isolation and characterization of two sterols from the green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum Raymond Mark Owings Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Owings, Raymond Mark, "Isolation and characterization of two sterols from the green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum" (1976). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 861. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.861 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. ISOLATIO[\ At\D CHAHACTERIZATIOi\ OF 1\'JO STEROLS FRON Tr-lE GREEi\ ALGA. SELENASTRL::I CAPRICORl\UTt.:~l by RA YNOND HARK O~\ Ii\GS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Ef\VIRONHEl\TAL SCIEI\CE-CHEtv1[STRY Portland State University 1976 Ai': ABSTRA.CT OF THE THESIS OF Raymond tvlark O\vings for the Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science-Chemistry presented August 4, 1975. Title: Isolation and Characterization of Two Sterols From the Green Alga, Selanastrum capricornutum. APPROVED BY NEivlBERS OF THE THESIS COHNITTEE: Karl Dittmer, Chairman Norman C. Rose Edward N. Perdue Dennis \V. Barnum Richard R. Petersen 2 The green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum, was cul­ tured in artificial nutrient medium utilizing five-gallon carboys, each of which contained 16 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Certain Food Additives
    952 Food Additives WHO Technical Report Series WHO Technical Sixty-ninth report of the FOOD ADDITIVES Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations S I N A P T A F I EVALUATION OF CERTAIN EVALUATION OF CERTAIN FOOD ADDITIVES WHO Technical Report Series 952 ISBN 978 92 4 120952 6 2,3-trimethylbutyramide (No. 1595) and N, , phytosterols, phytostanols and their esters, , calcium lignosulfonate (40–65), ethyl lauroyl arginate, paprika Pichia pastoris A. niger -unsaturated aldehydes, acids and related alcohols, acetals and esters; β , α expressed in niger Aspergillus L-monomenthyl glutarate (No. 1414). recommendations for intakes and Annexed to the report are tables summarizing the Committee’s toxicological evaluations of the food additives considered. aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters; alkoxy-substituted allylbenzenes present in foods and essential oils and used as flavouring agents; esters of aliphatic acyclic primary alcohols with aliphatic linear saturated carboxylic acids; furan-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and related esters, sulfides, disulfides and ethers; miscellaneous nitrogen-containing substances; monocyclic and bicyclic secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters; hydroxy- and alkoxy-substituted benzyl derivatives; and substances structurally related to menthol). Specifications for the following food additives were revised: canthaxanthin; carob bean gum and carob bean gum (clarified); chlorophyllin copper
    [Show full text]
  • Cholesterol Homeostasis
    FOR LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH Volume 2 Number 7 Cholesterol Homeostasis ■ HMGR Assay Kit ■ Cholesterol Biosynthesis ■ Blocking Absorption of Dietary Cholesterol Hypercholesterolemia can lead to ■ Cholesterol Esterification the formation of plaques and the development of atherosclerosis. ■ Cholesterol Transport ■ Bile Acids Lipid Resource Sigma has now concentrated all its lipids and lipid related products into one easy-to-navigate location. Quickly find the specific lipids you need from over 2,000: ■ Fatty Acids ■ Sphingolipids ■ Glycerides ■ Prenols ■ Complex Lipids ■ Fluorescent Labeled Lipids ■ Oils ■ Analytical Standards ■ Bioactive Lipids Browse for lipids in cell signaling using our interactive pathway charts. Discover everything researchers need for lipid research at sigma.com/lipids. sigma-aldrich.com 1 Introduction Cholesterol is an essential biological molecule that performs many functions within the body. It is a structural component of all cell membranes and is also a precursor to steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids that aid in digestion. Within membranes FOR LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH the cholesterol to polar lipid ratios affect stability, permeability, and protein mobility. The hormones produced from cholesterol include androgens, estrogens, and the gluco- and 2007 mineralocorticoids. Volume 2 Cholesterol levels in the body are achieved via two sources. Adults with healthy diets will biosynthesize the majority of their cholesterol in the liver and other body tissues Number 7 and obtain the remainder from the dietary intake of foods high in saturated fatty acids. Free cholesterol is not found in blood; rather it is esterified to fatty acids and packaged in lipoprotein particles. Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) are produced by Table of Contents the liver and consist of an outer core composed of apolipoproteins; apo-B100, apo-CI, apo-CII, apo-CIII, and apoE surrounding an inner core of phospholipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters.
    [Show full text]
  • Vanilla-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics
    Safety Assessment of Vanilla-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics Status: Final Report Release Date: July 9, 2020 Panel Date: June 8-9, 2020 The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Lisa A. Peterson, Ph.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Executive Director is Bart Heldreth, Ph.D. This report was prepared by Wilbur Johnson, Jr., M.S., Senior Scientific Analyst, CIR. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L STREET, NW, SUITE 1200 ◊ WASHINGTON, DC 20036-4702 ◊ PH 202.331.0651 ◊ FAX 202.331.0088 ◊ [email protected] ABSTRACT: The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 9 vanilla-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. These ingredients are reported to function mostly as skin conditioning agents in cosmetic products. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing the same constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these constituents, and to avoid reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers. Industry should continue to use good manufacturing practices to limit impurities. The Panel reviewed data relating to the safety of these ingredients and concluded that 7 ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be non-sensitizing. The Panel further concluded that the available data are insufficient to make a determination of safety under the intended conditions of use in cosmetic formulations for Vanilla Planifolia Flower Extract and Vanilla Planifolia Leaf Cell Extract.
    [Show full text]
  • SO255 4 L Soybean
    Scientific Documentation SO255, Soybean Oil, USP Not appropriate for regulatory submission. Please visit www.spectrumchemical.com or contact Tech Services for the most up‐to‐date information contained in this information package. Spectrum Chemical Mfg Corp 769 Jersey Avenue New Brunswick, NJ 08901 Phone 732.214.1300 Ver4.01 15.April.2016 Dear Customer, Thank you for your interest in Spectrum’s quality products and services. Spectrum has been proudly serving our scientific community for over 45 years. It is our mission to manufacture and distribute fine chemicals and laboratory products with Quality and delivery you can count on every time. To accomplish our mission, Spectrum utilizes our sourcing leverage and supplier qualification expertise in offering one of the industry’s most comprehensive line of fine chemical products under one brand, in packaging configurations designed to meet your research and production requirements. Our product grades include: USP, NF, BP, EP, JP, FCC, ACS, KSA, Reagent grade, as well as DEA controlled substances. We operate facilities in the United States on the East Coast, West Coast, as well as in Shanghai, China in order to provide the best logistical support for our customers. At Spectrum, Quality is priority number one. Suppliers with the best qualifications are preferred and we employ full-functioning in-house analytical laboratories at each of our facilities. Our facilities and systems are USFDA registered and ISO certified. We frequently host customer audits and cherish opportunities for improvements. Quality is engrained into our culture. Quality is priority number one. In the following pages, we have designed and prepared documented scientific information to aid you in your initial qualification or your continual use of our products.
    [Show full text]
  • The Isolation of a Unique Sterol from the Mycelium of a Strain of Trichophyton Rubrum* John C
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector THE ISOLATION OF A UNIQUE STEROL FROM THE MYCELIUM OF A STRAIN OF TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM* JOHN C. WIRTH, PH.D., THOMAS BEESLEY, B.S. AND WILLIAM MILLER, B.S. Little is known concerning the lipid contentknowledge, this represents the first positive of any of the dermatophytes. Okazaki andidentification of brassieasterol as a constituent Tamemasa (1) reported the presence of ergosterolof any fungus. This finding was deemed to be so in a strain of Trichophyton asteroides. Wirth,extraordinary that the scope of the investigation O'Brien, Schmitt and Sohier (2) isolated ergos-was broadened to include four additional strains terol from a strain (C-46) of T. rubrum. Merkelof T. rubrum. (3, 4, 5) and Zamieehowska-Miazgowa (6, 7) reported the presence (detected by paper chro- EXPERIMENTAL matographie methods) of palmitic, stearie and 1) Preparation of the Mycelium oleic acids in strains of T. mentagrophytes Stock cultures of the various strains of T. (gypseum), T. sulphureum, T. plicatile, Achorionrubrum were maintained in the refrigerator on schoenleini and A. guincheanum. However, itslants of Sabouraud's Conservation Agar and should be noted that the latter two authorssubcultured every three months. claimed lipid contents which are abnormally To obtain substantial quantities of the myce- high (41 to 75%). Prince (5) presented a dis-hum, a large number (from 20 to 150) of 2.5 1. tribution of the type of lipid present in a strainFernbach flasks were filled with 500 ml. of of lipid present in a strain of T.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Mutants and Inhibitors to Study Sterol Biosynthesis in Plants
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/784272; this version posted September 26, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Title page 2 Title: The use of mutants and inhibitors to study sterol 3 biosynthesis in plants 4 5 Authors: Kjell De Vriese1,2, Jacob Pollier1,2,3, Alain Goossens1,2, Tom Beeckman1,2, Steffen 6 Vanneste1,2,4,* 7 Affiliations: 8 1: Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, 9 Belgium 10 2: VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium 11 3: VIB Metabolomics Core, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium 12 4: Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-Ro, 119, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 13 21985, Republic of Korea 14 15 e-mails: 16 K.D.V: [email protected] 17 J.P: [email protected] 18 A.G. [email protected] 19 T.B. [email protected] 20 S.V. [email protected] 21 22 *Corresponding author 23 Tel: +32 9 33 13844 24 Date of submission: sept 26th 2019 25 Number of Figures:3 in colour 26 Word count: 6126 27 28 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/784272; this version posted September 26, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Sitosterol/Stigmasterol Ratio Caused by the Plant Parasitic Nematode Meloidogyne Incognita
    plants Article Changes in the Plant β-Sitosterol/Stigmasterol Ratio Caused by the Plant Parasitic Nematode Meloidogyne incognita Alessandro Cabianca 1 , Laurin Müller 1 , Katharina Pawlowski 2 and Paul Dahlin 1,* 1 Agroscope, Research Division, Plant Protection, Phytopathology and Zoology in Fruit and Vegetable Production, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (L.M.) 2 Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Sterols play a key role in various physiological processes of plants. Commonly, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol represent the main plant sterols, and cholesterol is often reported as a trace sterol. Changes in plant sterols, especially in β-sitosterol/stigmasterol levels, can be induced by different biotic and abiotic factors. Plant parasitic nematodes, such as the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, are devastating pathogens known to circumvent plant defense mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the changes in sterols of agricultural important crops, Brassica juncea (brown mustard), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Glycine max (soybean), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Zea mays (corn), 21 days post inoculation (dpi) with M. incognita. The main changes affected the β-sitosterol/stigmasterol ratio, with an increase of β-sitosterol and a decrease of stigmasterol in S. lycopersicum, G. max, C. sativus and Z. mays. Furthermore, cholesterol levels increased in tomato, cucumber and corn, while cholesterol levels often were below the detection limit in the respective uninfected plants. To better understand the changes in the β-sitosterol/stigmasterol ratio, gene Citation: Cabianca, A.; Müller, L.; expression analysis was conducted in tomato cv.
    [Show full text]
  • Amino Acid Lipids and Uses Thereof
    (19) & (11) EP 2 494 993 A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 05.09.2012 Bulletin 2012/36 A61K 48/00 (2006.01) A61K 47/06 (2006.01) A61K 9/127 (2006.01) C12N 15/88 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (21) Application number: 12158867.7 C07C 279/14 C07D 213/40 C07D 233/26 (2006.01) C12N 15/11 (2006.01) (22) Date of filing: 02.05.2008 (84) Designated Contracting States: • Houston, Michael AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR Sammamish, WA Washington 98074 (US) HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT • Harvie, Pierrot RO SE SI SK TR Bothell, WA Washington 98011 (US) Designated Extension States: • Adami, Roger AL BA MK RS Bothell, WA Washington 98012 (US) • Fam, Renata (30) Priority: 04.05.2007 US 916131 P Kenmore, WA Washington 98028 (US) 29.06.2007 US 947282 P • Prieve, Mary 02.08.2007 US 953667 P Lake Forest Park, WA Washington 98155 (US) 14.09.2007 US 972590 P • Fosnaugh, Kathy 14.09.2007 US 972653 P Bellevue, WA Washington 98008 (US) 22.01.2008 US 22571 P • Seth, Shaguna Bothell, WA Washington 98012 (US) (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in accordance with Art. 76 EPC: (74) Representative: Srinivasan, Ravi Chandran 08747568.7 / 2 157 982 J A Kemp 14 South Square (71) Applicant: Marina Biotech, Inc. Gray’s Inn Bothell, WA 98021-7266 (US) London WC1R 5JJ (GB) (72) Inventors: Remarks: • Quay, Steven This application was filed on 09-03-2012 as a Woodinville, WA Washington 98072 (US) divisional application to the application mentioned under INID code 62.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S3 Page 1
    Table S3 Usual name Category MetaCyC ID References dodecanoic acid 12:0 fatty acid DODECANOATE Santos et al., 2015 ; Robertson et al., 2015 Myristic acid 14:0 fatty acid CPD-7836 Pettitt et al., 1989; Tasende, 2000; Van Ginneken et al., 2011; Robertson et al., 2015 ; Belghit et al., 2017 Pentadecanoic acid 15:0 fatty acid CPD-8462 Santos et al., 2015. Belghit et al., 2017 Palmitic acid 16:0 fatty acid PALMITATE Pettitt et al., 1989; Tasende, 2000; Van Ginneken et al., 2011; Robertson et al., 2015 ; Belghit et al., 2017 Heptadecanoic acid 17:0 fatty acid CPD-7830 Santos et al., 2015 Stearic acid 18:0 fatty acid STEARIC_ACID Tasende et al., 2000 ; Robertson et al., 2015 Eicosanoic acid 20:0 fatty acid ARACHIDIC_ACID Santos et al., 2015 Docosanoic acid 22:0 fatty acid DOCOSANOATE Santos et al., 2015 Tricosanoic acid 23:0 fatty acid CPD-7834 Santos et al., 2015 Tetracosanoic acid 24:0 fatty acid TETRACOSANOATE Santos et al., 2015 Palmitoleic acid 16:1(n-7) fatty acid CPD-9245 Pettitt et al., 1989; Tasende, 2000; Robertson et al., 2015 ; Belghit et al., 2017 Oleic acid 18:1(n-9) fatty acid OLEATE-CPD Tasende et al., 2000; Van Ginneken et al., 2011; Robertson et al., 2015 ; Belghit et al., 2017 Linoleic acid 18:2(n-6) fatty acid LINOLEIC_ACID Tasende et al., 2000 ; Robertson et al., 2015 ; Belghit et al., 2017 Alpha Linolenic acid 18:3(n-3) fatty acid LINOLENIC_ACID Tasende et al., 2000 γ-linolenic acid 18:3(n-6) fatty acid CPD-8117 Robertson et al., 2015 ; Belghit et al., 2017 Octadecatetraenoic acid 18:4(n-3) fatty acid CPD-12653 Tasende
    [Show full text]
  • Chromatographic Sterol Analysis As Applied to the Investigation of Milk Fat and Other Oils and Fats
    CHROMATOGRAPHIC STEROL ANALYSIS AS APPLIED TO THE INVESTIGATION OF MILK FAT AND OTHER OILS AND FATS ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRIJGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR IN DE WISKUNDE EN NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN AAN DE UNIVERSITEIT VAN AMSTERDAM, OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS DR. J. KOK, HOOGLERAAR IN DE FACULTEIT DER WISKUNDE EN NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN IN HET OPENBAAR TE VERDEDIGEN IN DE AULA DER UNIVERSITEIT (TIJDELIJK IN DE LUTHERSE KERK, INGANG SINGEL 411, HOEK SPUl) OP WOENSDAG 23 OKTOBER 1963, DES NAMIDDAGS TE 16 UUR DOOR JAN WILLEM COPIUS PEEREBOOM GEBOREN TE 'S-GRAVENHAGE qP CENTRUM VOOR LANDBOUWPUBLIKATIES EN LANDBOUWDOCUMENTATIE WAGENINGEN 1963 1"%-! .••: i PROMOTOR:PROF .DR .W .VA NTONGERE N Es ist nichtgenug zu wissen Manmuss auch anwenden Es ist nichtgenug zu wollen Manmuss auch tun. GOETHE Bij de voltooiing van dit proefschrift betuig ik in de eerste plaats gaarne mijn dank aan alle hoogleraren en lectoren, die tot mijn wetenschappelijke vorming hebben bijgedragen. Hooggeleerde WIBAUT, naar U gaat mijn dank uit voor het inzicht in de organische chemie, dat ik van U mocht ontvangen. Van mijn blijvende belangstelling voor klassieke onderwerpen uit de organische chemie als de sterolchemie, mogen vele gedeelten van dit proefschrift getuigen. Hooggeleerde VAN TONGEREN, Hooggeschatte Promotor, met gevoelens van grote erkentelijkheid richt ik mij tot U om dank te zeggen voor het onderricht in de ana­ lytische chemie en voor de grote steun, die ik bij de bewerking van dit proefschrift van U mocht ondervinden. Het geduld waarmede U steeds weer talloze onvolkomen­ heden in de Engelse tekst signaleerde, heeft mijn grote bewondering. Het onderzoek werd in zijn geheel uitgevoerd op het RIJKSZUIVELSTATION.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Certain Food Additives
    952 Food Additives WHO Technical Report Series WHO Technical Sixty-ninth report of the FOOD ADDITIVES Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations S I N A P T A F I EVALUATION OF CERTAIN EVALUATION OF CERTAIN FOOD ADDITIVES WHO Technical Report Series 952 ISBN 978 92 4 120952 6 2,3-trimethylbutyramide (No. 1595) and N, , phytosterols, phytostanols and their esters, , calcium lignosulfonate (40–65), ethyl lauroyl arginate, paprika Pichia pastoris A. niger -unsaturated aldehydes, acids and related alcohols, acetals and esters; β , α expressed in niger Aspergillus L-monomenthyl glutarate (No. 1414). recommendations for intakes and Annexed to the report are tables summarizing the Committee’s toxicological evaluations of the food additives considered. aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters; alkoxy-substituted allylbenzenes present in foods and essential oils and used as flavouring agents; esters of aliphatic acyclic primary alcohols with aliphatic linear saturated carboxylic acids; furan-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and related esters, sulfides, disulfides and ethers; miscellaneous nitrogen-containing substances; monocyclic and bicyclic secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters; hydroxy- and alkoxy-substituted benzyl derivatives; and substances structurally related to menthol). Specifications for the following food additives were revised: canthaxanthin; carob bean gum and carob bean gum (clarified); chlorophyllin copper
    [Show full text]