DOCSLIB.ORG

792727 Master Thesis CBS 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
792727 Master Thesis CBS 2 WE HAVEN´T COME TO HOTELS YET A Qualitative Study on Circular Textiles in the Hotel Industry in Scandinavia Master of Science in Master Thesis by International Business & Politics Andrea Skjold Frøshaug: 116525 Dina Bekkevold Lingås: 677014 Supervised by Sönnich Dahl Sönnichsen, Department of Marketing Handed In 16.09.2019 Number of Characters: 273.033 Copenhagen Business School, 2019 Number of Pages: 118 Abstract The fashion industry is receiving increasing negative attention for its take-make-waste of clothes. Despite the significant throughput of textiles, the hotel industry has yet to receive similar scrutiny. Initiatives for circular textiles are in-house, small scale and mainly concerning resource efficiency. Within the scope of leased textile, this case study seeks to increase knowledge concerning factors that hinder or induce the integration of circular textile across the hotel value- chain in Scandinavia. Emphasizing how collaboration and alignment between actors can advance circular textiles. Internal barriers identified are knowledge, diffusion of responsibility, high cost and a “chicken and egg” situation were actors are hesitant to commit first. Entering a business “ecosystem dynamic” will mitigate these barriers, but these require multilateral collaboration. Industry actors perceive consumer demand and/or regulation as the most important drivers for faster transition. There is currently no customer demand for circular textile. The linear mindset is the reality in the hotel textile regime, though we see preliminary signs in the mini-level of individuals with a circular mindset, which might constitute a seed for change. KEY WORDS: Circular Economy, Scandinavia, Socio Technical Transitions, Ecosystem Theory, Multilevel Perspective (MLP), The Multiphase Concept, Cradle to Cradle 1 Table of content Table of content ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 1. Introduction _________________________________________________________________________________________ 0 1.1 Research Question __________________________________________________________________________________ 1 1.2 Structure of the Case Study ________________________________________________________________________ 2 2. Meta Framework - An Introduction to the Circular Economy ______________________________ 3 2.1 Economics of natural resources and the environment _______________________________________ 4 2.2 The Seven Schools of Thought and the Circular Economy System Diagram _______________ 5 2.3 Cradle-to-Cradle ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8 2.4 Contamination _____________________________________________________________________________________ 10 2.5 Circular Business Models ________________________________________________________________________ 11 2.5.1 Product Service Systems _________________________________________________________________________________ 12 2.5.2 Extending Resource Value _______________________________________________________________________________ 13 2.6 Circular textiles ___________________________________________________________________________________ 14 2.6.1 Sustainable sourcing ______________________________________________________________________________________ 14 2.6.2 Extended Life ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 2.6.3 Reuse ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15 2.6.4 Textile recycling __________________________________________________________________________________________ 15 3. Literature Review _________________________________________________________________________________ 17 4. Case Description __________________________________________________________________________________ 19 4.1 Hotels _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 20 4.1.1 Scandic Hotels _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 21 4.1.2 Nordic Choice Hotels (NCH) ______________________________________________________________________________ 21 4.2 Laundry Services __________________________________________________________________________________ 22 4.2.1 Berendsen _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 22 4.2.2 De Forenede Dampvaskerier (DFD) _____________________________________________________________________ 22 4.3 Textile recyclers __________________________________________________________________________________ 23 4.3.1 Wolkat _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 23 4.3.2 Hilaturas Ferre S.A (Recover) ____________________________________________________________________________ 23 4.4 Waterstone _________________________________________________________________________________________ 24 4.5 The Waste and Resources Action Program ___________________________________________________ 24 5. Theoretical Framework _________________________________________________________________________ 25 5.1 Socio-Technical-Transition _____________________________________________________________________ 25 2 5.1.1 Socio-Technical Regime __________________________________________________________________________________ 26 5.1.2 Niche _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 27 5.1.3 Landscape _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 28 5.1.4 Regime Transformation __________________________________________________________________________________ 28 5.2 Maja Göpel - Mindsets ____________________________________________________________________________ 29 5.2.1 The Multiphase Concept __________________________________________________________________________________ 30 5.3 Ecosystem Theory ________________________________________________________________________________ 32 5.3.1 Ecosystem Risks __________________________________________________________________________________________ 33 5.4 Theory integration _______________________________________________________________________________ 35 6. Methodology and Method _______________________________________________________________________ 36 6.1 Philosophy of Science ____________________________________________________________________________ 36 6.1.1 Ontology ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 37 6.1.2 Epistemology ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 37 6.2 Purpose of research ______________________________________________________________________________ 37 6.3 Research Approach: Inductive __________________________________________________________________ 38 6.4 Research design ___________________________________________________________________________________ 38 6.4.1 Research Strategy: Case Study ___________________________________________________________________________ 39 6.4.2 The role of theory in research design ___________________________________________________________________ 40 6.4.3 Selection of Embedded Units ____________________________________________________________________________ 41 6.5 Methods ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42 6.5.1 Qualitative approach _____________________________________________________________________________________ 42 6.6 Data collection_____________________________________________________________________________________ 42 6.6.1 Primary data - Interviews ________________________________________________________________________________ 42 6.6.2 Secondary data - Desk Research _________________________________________________________________________ 45 6.7 Data Analysis ______________________________________________________________________________________ 46 6.8 Quality of Research Design ______________________________________________________________________ 47 6.8.1 Construct Validity _________________________________________________________________________________________ 48 6.8.2 External Validity __________________________________________________________________________________________ 48 6.8.3 Reliability __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 49 6.9 Limitations of Case study ________________________________________________________________________ 51 7. Analysis _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 51 7.1 Pre-Development _________________________________________________________________________________ 52 7.1.1 Landscape Developments ________________________________________________________________________________ 52 7.1.2 The Textile Regime for Hotels ___________________________________________________________________________ 54 7.1.3 Niche _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 65 7.1.4 Summary of Pre-development ___________________________________________________________________________ 68 7.2 Take Off _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 69 7.2.1 Internal Barriers __________________________________________________________________________________________ 69 7.2.2 Mitigating the Initiative
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Towards Reinforcement Solutions for Urban Fibre/Fabric Waste Using Bio-Based Biodegradable Resins
    Towards reinforcement solutions for urban fibre/fabric waste using bio-based biodegradable resins. Pramod Agrawal1, Alina Hermes1, Solaf Bapeer1, Anton Luiken2, Gerrit Bouwhuis1 and Ger Brinks1 1Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Research group Smart Functional Materials, Research Centre Design and Technology, Building Epy Drost, van Galenstraat 19, 7511 JL Enschede, The Netherlands. 2Alcon Advies B.V., De Aa 31, 7642 HA Wierden, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The main research question is how to systematically define and characterize urban textile waste and how to effectively utilise it to produce reinforcement(s) with selected bio- based biodegradable resin(s). Several composite samples have been produced utilising predominantly natural and predominantly synthetic fibres by combining loose fibres with PLA, nonwoven fabric with PLA, woven fabric with PLA, two-layer composite & four-layer composite samples. Physio-chemical characterisations according to the established standards have been conducted. The present work is a step toward the circular economy and closing the loop in textile value chain. 1. Introduction Close loop thinking is an important part of current business strategies to reduce resource consumption and positively contribute to the environment [1]. Consuming resources and generating waste on large scale is typical for mainstream manufacturing industries [2]. ‘Circular economy’ (CE) is an approach that would transform the use of resources in the economy and waste would become a valuable input to other processes and products. Textile industry has huge impact on the environment. Around 90Kton textile waste is collected in the Netherlands. Around 35% thereof is damaged and not re-usable anymore as such [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Life Cycle Assessment of Recycling Cotton
    LCA of recycling cotton This is the report of the Life Cycle Assessment of recycling cotton (mechanically) Date: 25 August 2016 Available to: public Report number: 75 Issued by: Miljögiraff, Södra Larmgatan 6, 411 16 Gothenburg. Report 75 Life Cycle Assessment on Recycling cotton 2 1 Abstract1 The question is - “What is the environmental load of recycling cotton versus virgin production”? Various studies show that recycled fibre has the potential to lower impacts from fibre, textile and garment production. However, currently we lack quantitative data for how much impacts are lowered. H&M wants to understand the environmental benefits of collecting and recycling textiles and garments into fibre ready for spinning compared to sourcing virgin material. The reference used for virgin cotton is a well-known study for Cotton Incorporated by PE and generic LCI data from Ecoinvent. Hub per Stores Sorting Shredding country Figure 1: Process steps to recycle cotton from textile. The most relevant and comparable environmental effects categories are Water use (m3), Climate change (kg CO2 eq.) and Fossil depletion measured as Primary Energy (MJ). The comparison is per 1000 kg cotton fibre. Comparable, absolut figures 5749 PRIMARY ENERGY (FOSSIL) 34699 15000 381 CLIMATE IMPACT 3310 1958 635 WATER USE (AND CONSUMPTION) 10801 2740 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 Recycled cotton fibre Ecoinvent - virgin cotton fibre PE - Virgin cotton fibre Figure 2 The most relevant and comparable aspects of conventional and recycled cotton as diagram. Note that Climate impact is excluding sequestration and crop rotation (without excluding that the Climate impact in PE is 268).
    [Show full text]
  • ICNF2019 141 Heikkila
    Recycled Cotton Fibres in Technical and Clothing Applications Pirjo Heikkilä1, Taina Kamppuri1, Eetta Saarimäki1, Jukka Pesola2, Noora Alhainen2, Petri Jetsu1 1 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland 2 Pure Waste Textiles, Helsinki, Finland 02/07/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious Contents . Motivation . Recycling methods for textile materials . Cotton recycling examples • Mechanical recycling to nonwovens • Mechanical recycling to yarns with open-end and ring spinning • Chemical recycling . Summary and conclusions . Future prospects and further work 02/07/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious Motivation It is difficult to answer increased Fibres fibre demand sustainably with current fibre base Amount of textile and clothing waste is huge, Waste in Finland 13 kg/person/year EC decision: separate textile waste 2025 collecting to be started in Europe, needs to utilized as well 02/07/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious Recycling methods Heikkilä P. et al., Telaketju - Towards Circularity of Textiles, VTT Research Report, VTT-R-00062-19, Available: https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/telaketju-towards-circularity-of-textiles 02/07/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious Different textile fractions Type Pre-consumer Post-consumer Origin Industry Users Composition Known Un-known Cleanliness Clean Un-known Quality Good Lowered 02/07/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious Different textile fractions Type Pre-consumer Post-consumer Origin Industry Organizations Consumers Composition Known Known Un-known Cleanliness Clean Clean / Known Un-known Quality Good Lowered Lowered 02/07/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious Materials and Methods Pre-consumer cotton Mechanical recycling • Industrial cutting waste • Nonwovens / foam laying • Yarns / open-end spinning • Yarns / ring-spinning Post-consumer cotton Chemical recycling • Sorted and opened • Dust-like opening side-stream • Sorted and grinded • Fibres / cellulose carbamate technology and wet-spinning 02/07/2019 VTT – beyond the obvious Foam laying - Method .
    [Show full text]
  • A Case of Textile Upcycling in Geetanjali Woollens
    AIMA/ICRC/2018/002 Recouping eco-impacts and intendancing concerns - A case of Textile Upcycling in Geetanjali Woollens It was an exceptionally hot afternoon on June 28, 2017, as Amrit Trivedi- General Manager, Recycling (Unit in Halol, Gujarat),Geetanjali Woollens- was busy planning for a review meeting with Raj Bhargav, CEO, Geetanjali Woollens (Geetanjali). They were to review the non-conformance of three orders of upcycled1 sweaters for the company’s European buyers. Bhargav had been very busy exploring the possibilities of expanding his mechanical recyclingbusiness in Africa, but it seemed difficult given the company’suncertaintyregarding the defined norms for acceptance of mechanically recycled textiles. The recycling business had been an ethically and economically gainful proposition for Geetanjali. However, operating in the realm of stricter regulatory frameworksplus oscillating buyer norms and acceptance requirementshad become exceedingly difficult. Given his 32-year long experience at Geetanjali, Trivedi knew quality of products made with virgin ingredients could be better controlled in terms of process variations, but it was implausible to conceive of Geetanjali without its recycling unit. Geetanjali had always upheld the principles of environmental and social responsibility and cultivated upcycling (reprocessing and remanufacturing) at its core. Sustainable manufacturing was not a discretionary option- it was the need of the day and a mandate for the future. But, the international trade of mechanically recycled products had become complicated with rigid regulations and technical barriers. There were certain limitations that upcycled products had which surfaced as minor product inconsistencies, resulting in customer concern. Business growth with sustainability goals had proved to be a yielding proposition for the company since its inception; however, holding on to it was now becoming a challenge.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of a Garment-Oriented Textile Recycling System Via Simulation Approach Reyhaneh Yavari [email protected]
    University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Major Papers Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers May 2019 Analysis of a Garment-oriented Textile Recycling System via Simulation Approach Reyhaneh Yavari [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/major-papers Part of the Industrial Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Yavari, Reyhaneh, "Analysis of a Garment-oriented Textile Recycling System via Simulation Approach" (2019). Major Papers. 85. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/major-papers/85 This Major Research Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers at Scholarship at UWindsor. It has been accepted for inclusion in Major Papers by an authorized administrator of Scholarship at UWindsor. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Analysis of a Garment-oriented Textile Recycling System via Simulation Approach By Reyhaneh Yavari A Major Research Paper Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the Industrial Engineering Graduate Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2019 © 2019 Reyhaneh Yavari i Analysis of a Garment-Oriented Textile Recycling System via Simulation Approach By Reyhaneh Yavari APPROVED BY: ______________________________________________ L. Miller-Branovacki Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering ______________________________________________ Z. Pasek, Advisor Department
    [Show full text]
  • RE.ACT Environmental and Economic Assessment of Post-Industrial Cotton Waste Recycling.Pdf
    December 2020 RE.ACT Environmental and economic assessment of post-industrial cotton waste recycling EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Egyptian Cotton Project, funded is comparable to the less impactful virgin by the Italian Agency for Development alternatives. The scaled scenario shows and Cooperation, is implemented by the significant improvements in comparison to United Nations Industrial Development the pilot trials due to efficiency increases Organisation, UNIDO, in cooperation with in the recycling processes, while other the Ministry of Trade and Industry and improvements could still be leveraged local and international textile private further, such as the transition to renewable sector stakeholders. energy sources or the blending with virgin fibre with a lower environmental The project aims at advancing the impact embedded. competitiveness and international market presence of the Egyptian cotton value The economic assessment sheds light on chain, highlighting aspects of sustainability, the attractive opportunity that bringing inclusiveness and value addition. In this a recycled cotton yarn value chain to regard, UNIDO has developed a pilot project life at scale in Egypt may present, due in a joint effort with Egyptian and Italian to the partially averted cost from short- industry partners to test quality and market staple cotton fibre imports. Overall, the opportunities for recycled cotton yarns marketability of the yarn is promising in produced from post-industrial denim scraps terms of quality to compete with other from the Egyptian apparel industry. The recycled yarns, and given the surge of the pilot relates to operational trials of textile- demand in Egypt export markets. to-textile recycling by transforming these scraps, which are otherwise considered The highly positive outlook resulting from waste, into spun yarns for weaving and this assessment as well as the quality of knitting new garments.
    [Show full text]
  • Automated Sorting Technology from T4T Can Help Improve Recovery and Efficiency
    Science ile & xt e E Alkazam, J Textile Sci Eng 2013, 3:3 T n f g o i n l DOI: 10.4172/2165-8064.1000136 e a e n r r i n u Journal of Textile Science & Engineering g o J ISSN: 2165-8064 Research Article OpenOpen Access Access Automated Sorting Technology from T4T Can Help Improve Recovery and Efficiency Alkazam* Assistant researcher, Fabrics Laboratory, University of the Virgin Islands, USA Abstract Textile industry is one of the fastest growing sectors with a turnover of over $1 trillion globally. The boom in this industry is seen very recently unlike other industries. This industry marked its infancy some 20 decades ago when old worn out clothes were modified to be used for different purposes. Textile industry usually consists of fabrics and clothing that highlights the durability and recycling characteristics of the material. Several different types of materials are being merged to form new material that have better durability and resistivity against physical parameters like heat, cold and other features. Keywords: Textiles; Clothes; Fabrics; Durability; Recovery; Sources of Textiles for Recycling Efficiency; Dyes Textiles for recycling are generated from two main sources. Introduction These include: The basis for the growing textile recycling industry is of course the • Post-consumer, including garments, vehicle upholstery, household textile industry itself. The textile industry has evolved into a $1 trillion items and others. industry globally, comprising clothing, as well as furniture and mattress material, linens, draperies, cleaning materials, leisure equipment and • Pre-consumer, including scrap created as a by-product from yarn many other items.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermochemical Textile Recycling Investigation of Pyrolysis and Gasification of Cotton and Polyester
    DF Thermochemical textile recycling Investigation of pyrolysis and gasification of cotton and polyester Master’s thesis in Innovative and Sustainable Chemical Engineering JULIA RITTFORS Department of Space, Earth and Environment CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden 2020 Master’s thesis 2020 Thermochemical textile recycling Investigation of pyrolysis and gasification of cotton and polyester JULIA RITTFORS DF Department of Space, Earth and Environment Division of Energy Technology Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden 2020 Thermochemical textile recycling Investigation of pyrolysis and gasification of cotton and polyester JULIA RITTFORS © JULIA RITTFORS, 2020. Supervisor: Isabel Cañete Vela, Department of Space, Earth and Environment Examiner: Martin Seemann, Department of Space, Earth and Environment Master’s Thesis 2020 Department of Space, Earth and Environment Division of Energy Technology Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Gothenburg Telephone +46 31 772 1000 Typeset in LATEX, template by David Frisk Printed by Chalmers Reproservice Gothenburg, Sweden 2020 iv Thermochemical textile recycling Investigation of pyrolysis and gasification of cotton and polyester JULIA RITTFORS Department of Space, Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Abstract With a rising textile consumption worldwide comes in increased flow of textile waste. The existing recycling methods, mechanical and chemical recycling, are insufficient in many ways, and therefore only a small share of all textile waste is utilized for making new textiles or other materials. It is therefore of interest to investigate ad- ditional recycling methods, in this thesis gasification and pyrolysis are considered. The first part of the report aimed to investigate mechanical and chemical recycling, by identifying suitable feedstocks for these methods, as well as their major limita- tions.
    [Show full text]
  • Recycling Waste Cotton Cloths for the Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals: a Sustainable Approach
    polymers Article Recycling Waste Cotton Cloths for the Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Sustainable Approach Siti Hajar Mohamed 1 , Md. Sohrab Hossain 1,* , Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim 1, Mardiana Idayu Ahmad 1 , Fatehah Mohd Omar 2, Venugopal Balakrishnan 3 , Muzafar Zulkifli 4 and Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya 4,* 1 School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; [email protected] (S.H.M.); mhaafi[email protected] (M.H.M.K.); [email protected] (M.I.A.) 2 School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 14300, Malaysia; [email protected] 3 Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; [email protected] 4 Universiti Kuala Lumpur-Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL-MICET), Melaka 78000, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.S.H.); [email protected] (A.N.A.Y.); Tel.: +60-46535206 (M.S.H.); +60-65512146 (A.N.A.Y.); Fax: +60-46533678 (M.S.H.); +60-65512001 (A.N.A.Y.) Abstract: There is an interest in the sustainable utilization of waste cotton cloths because of their enormous volume of generation and high cellulose content. Waste cotton cloths generated are disposed of in a landfill, which causes environmental pollution and leads to the waste of useful resources. In the present study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from waste cotton cloths Citation: Mohamed, S.H.; collected from a landfill. The waste cotton cloths collected from the landfill were sterilized and Hossain, M.S.; Mohamad Kassim, cleaned using supercritical CO2 (scCO2) technology. The cellulose was extracted from scCO2-treated M.H.; Ahmad, M.I.; Omar, F.M.; waste cotton cloths using alkaline pulping and bleaching processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Nordic Textile Strategy
    TemaNord 2014:538 TemaNord Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K www.norden.org Towards a Nordic textile strategy Collection, sorting, reuse and recycling of textiles Towards a Nordic textile strategy This report is the primary outcome from Part I of the project “Towards a Nordic textile strategy - Collection, sorting, reuse and recycling of textiles” initiated by the Nordic Waste Group (NAG). The report for Part 2 will be published in December 2014. This report summarizes the work carried out in 2013. The three sub- reports will be the basis for the work to be performed in 2014. The reports for 2013 are: • International market survey of textile flows in the Nordic region and the market for collection, sorting, preparing for reuse, reselling and waste management of textiles. • Collection and sorting systems A total of 19 collection systems are compared for collection flows, contamination levels, cost, suitability of collected textile and availability for the consumer. Four sorting systems are described. • Technology review of sorting and recycling of textiles that describes available and future technology. The report is part of the Nordic Prime Ministers’ overall green growth initiative: “The Nordic Region – leading in green growth.” Read more in the web magazine “Green Growth the Nordic Way” at www.norden.org/ greengrowth. TemaNord 2014:538 ISBN 978-92-893-2794-7 ISBN 978-92-893-2795-4 (EPUB) ISSN 0908-6692 TN2014538 omslag.indd 1 27-05-2014 14:17:03 Towards a Nordic textile strategy Collection, sorting, reuse and recycling of textiles
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Greenhouse Gas Savings Potential of Extended Producer Responsibility for Mattresses and Boxsprings in the United States
    RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS Assessing the Greenhouse Gas Savings Potential of Extended Producer Responsibility for Mattresses and Boxsprings in the United States Roland Geyer, Brandon Kuczenski, and Matthew Trujillo Keywords: Summary end-of-life management extended producer responsibility Extended producer responsibility (EPR) legislation in the United States, which currently (EPR) only exists on the state level, now includes three mattress EPR acts, which intend to shift industrial ecology the financial and operational burden of mattress end-of-life (EOL) management away from life cycle assessment (LCA) local and state government. It is important to keep in mind, however, that the original mattresses and boxsprings objective behind EPR is to reduce the environmental life cycle impacts of products. This reuse and recycling article therefore quantifies the greenhouse gas (GHG) savings potential of mattress and boxspring recycling and reuse in the United States and also discusses labor implications Supporting information is available and mattress design issues. We find that all three acts are unlikely to generate redesign on the JIE Web site incentives, but are expected to dramatically increase mattress collection and recycling. The collection and recycling of all 35 million EOL mattress and boxspring units estimated to reach the end of their lives in the United States every year would generate in the order of 10,000 jobs and GHG savings between 1 and 1.5 million metric tonnes. Introduction liberate firms and retailers from their individual take-back and recovery obligations, which also set off the ongoing controversy The term and concept of extended producer responsibility about individual versus collective responsibility (Lindhqvist (EPR) combines the ideas of pollution prevention, life cycle and Lifset 2003; Van Rossem et al.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Mid-Year Report
    REPORT OF COTTON INCORPORATED TO THE SECRETARY’S OFFICE Mid-Year 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................... 4 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMITTEE ............................................................................................................... 9 AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH .......................................................................................... 9 Strategic Objective 1: Increase the short-term profitability of U.S. cotton production. .......................................... 9 Strategic Objective 2: Increase the long-term profitability of U.S. cotton production. .......................................... 13 Strategic Objective 3: Increase number of future scientists of U.S. cotton and improve the reputation of U.S. cotton production. ............................................................................................................... 13 Addressing the Contamination Threat ................................................................................................................. 14 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE ..................................................................................................... 17 FIBER COMPETITION: FIBER QUALITY RESEARCH .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]