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Analysis of a Garment-Oriented Textile Recycling System Via Simulation Approach Reyhaneh Yavari [email protected]

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Analysis of a Garment-Oriented Textile Recycling System Via Simulation Approach Reyhaneh Yavari Yavarir@Uwindsor.Ca University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Major Papers Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers May 2019 Analysis of a Garment-oriented Textile Recycling System via Simulation Approach Reyhaneh Yavari [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/major-papers Part of the Industrial Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Yavari, Reyhaneh, "Analysis of a Garment-oriented Textile Recycling System via Simulation Approach" (2019). Major Papers. 85. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/major-papers/85 This Major Research Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers at Scholarship at UWindsor. It has been accepted for inclusion in Major Papers by an authorized administrator of Scholarship at UWindsor. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Analysis of a Garment-oriented Textile Recycling System via Simulation Approach By Reyhaneh Yavari A Major Research Paper Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the Industrial Engineering Graduate Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2019 © 2019 Reyhaneh Yavari i Analysis of a Garment-Oriented Textile Recycling System via Simulation Approach By Reyhaneh Yavari APPROVED BY: ______________________________________________ L. Miller-Branovacki Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering ______________________________________________ Z. Pasek, Advisor Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering April 16, 2019 ii DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I hereby certify that I am the sole author of this thesis and that no part of this thesis has been published or submitted for publication. I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my thesis, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. Furthermore, to the extent that I have included copyrighted material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of the Canada Copyright Act, I certify that I have obtained a written permission from the copyright owner(s) to include such material(s) in my thesis and have included copies of such copyright clearances to my appendix. I declare that this is a true copy of my thesis, including any final revisions, as approved by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. iii ABSTRACT The textile industry is one of the polluting industries on the planet. Public awareness has increased manufacturers responsibility and forced them to shift from linear to the circular production line to reduce the amount of environmental impact such as; energy and freshwater consumption, toxic and fertilizer usage and cutting down the use of raw material. Also, some new business strategies like fast fashion which is a recent trend in the fashion industry by offering fast changing trend and inexpensive designs accelerate the process of purchasing new clothes that end up in landfills. Recycling, remanufacturing and reusing are some practices that can be done to minimize the environmental impact and to keep used clothes out of the landfills. One of these preventive actions is textiles recycling which involves so many uncertainties, such as quality, quantity, and type of the used materials. To address this problem, a discrete event simulation model is proposed to study the changes in the recycling process. The main focus of the model is on the interaction between different components in a textile recycling system to increase the number of recycled materials to return them into the supplier. Moreover, the performance of the servers is studied in order to run different scenarios. These scenarios are proposed and have been chosen based on the Welch method. Key words: Fashion Industry, Second Hand Clothing, Textile, Textile Recycling, Remanufacturing, Supply Chain, Simulation, Enterprise Dynamics. iv DEDICATION Dedicated to My beloved father, mother, and brother. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my special thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Z. Pasek for his detailed guidance and all his support and mentorship to complete my program. Also, deeply I am grateful to him for giving me the opportunity to start my M.Sc. under his supervision. I would also like to thank Dr. L. Miller; it was an honor to have her in my committee. Furthermore, I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation to Ms. Angela Haskell for providing me continuous encouragement throughout my years of study. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................... iii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... iv DEDICATION ..................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................. xi LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................xii LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................... xv LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................... xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction to textile recycling .................................................................... 1 1.2 Clothing recycling ........................................................................................ 4 1.3 Apparel industry ........................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 Fast Fashion ......................................................................................... 5 1.4 Textile waste ................................................................................................ 7 1.5 Closed loop fashion system .......................................................................... 9 1.6 Mechanisms to recover the value of used products ..................................... 10 1.6.1 Repair and reuse ................................................................................. 11 1.6.2 Remanufacturing and upcycling ......................................................... 11 1.6.3 Recycling ........................................................................................... 13 1.6.4 Reasons to do recycling ...................................................................... 15 1.6.5 Disposing ................................................................................................ 16 1.6.6 Landfill Disposal ..................................................................................... 17 vii 1. 7 Share of different material in clothing ....................................................... 19 1.8 Problem statement ...................................................................................... 23 1.9 Contribution of this research ...................................................................... 24 1.10 The objective of the study ........................................................................ 24 1.11 Proposed approach ................................................................................... 25 1.12 Research outline ....................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................ 27 2.1 Relevant literature review ........................................................................... 27 2.2 Gap in the literature and plan of work ................................................. 33 CHAPTER 3: SOLUTION APPROACHED AND WORKING ASSUMPTIONS ................................................................................................ 34 3.1 Simulation models ...................................................................................... 35 3.1.1 Discrete-event simulation ................................................................... 35 3.2 Modeling for simulation ............................................................................. 36 3.2.1 Model architecture ............................................................................. 37 3.2.2 Sub-system 1: Product generation ...................................................... 37 3.2.3 Sub-system 2: After use phase ............................................................ 37 3.3 The main framework of the model .............................................................. 38 3.4 Simulation process ..................................................................................... 43 3.5 Description of the recycling process ........................................................... 43 3.6 Notations and assumptions ......................................................................... 47 3.6.1 Notations............................................................................................ 47 3.6.2 Assumptions .....................................................................................
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