DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,339,052 B1 Schwartz (45) Date of Patent: May 17, 2016

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,339,052 B1 Schwartz (45) Date of Patent: May 17, 2016 US009339052B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,339,052 B1 Schwartz (45) Date of Patent: May 17, 2016 (54) PREMIUM PET FOOD AND PROCESS FOR 4,910,038 A * 3/1990 Ducharme .................... 426,641 TS MANUFACTURE 4,997,671 A * 3/1991 Spanier ......................... 426,646 5,558,896 A 9/1996 Kobayashi 6,344,224 B1 2/2002 Bazzaro et al. (75) Inventor: Barry Schwartz, Beverly Hills, CA 6,733,263 B2 5/2004 Pope et al. (US) 6,905,703 B2 * 6/2005 Rothamel et al. ............. 424/439 7,244,460 B2 * 7/2007 Lee et al. ...................... 426,302 (73) Assignee: All-American Pet Company, Inc., 7,250,186 B2 7/2007 Pfaller et al. Beverly Hills, CA (US) 7,585,533 B2 9/2009 Fritz-Jung et al. s 2008.0003270 A1 1, 2008 Martinez (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2008/0233228 A1 9, 2008 Lindee et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 OTHER PUBLICATIONS U.S.C. 154(b) by 839 days. Bonnot webpage (http://www.thebonnotco.com/Extruders), 2012.* (21) Appl. No.: 12/799,067 National Dog Food (http://web.archive.org/web/20051216061857/ http://www.nationaldogfood.com/products.html). 2005.* (22) Filed: Apr. 16, 2010 * cited by examiner (51) Int. Cl. A23K L/00 (2006.01) Primary Examiner — Viren Thakur A23K L/18 (2006.01) Assistant Examiner — Lela S Williams A23K L/10 (2006.01) (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Thomas I. Rozsa (52) U.S. Cl. CPC. A23K I/00 (2013.01); A23K I/I86 (2013.01); (57) ABSTRACT A23K 1/003 (2013.01); A23K 1/1846 (2013.01) The present invention relates to a process of creating semi (58) Field of Classification Search moist pet food, and primarily dog food and dog treats, that is CPC ... A23K 1/003: A23K 1/1846; A23K 1/1603; formed into a given shape through cooking the ingredients of A23K 1/186: A23K 1/10; A23P 1/12 the mixture contained in the dog food in an extruder and USPC ........................ 426/516,521,805, 72,73, 74 thereafter immediately transforming the mixture to a forming See application file for complete search history. machine wherein the pet food is formed into a multiplicity of given shapes so that the dog food is produced as a final formed (56) References Cited dog food or dog treat in an economically viable process. The given shape of the dog food is semi-moist and will retain its U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS shape so that it can be broken into smaller pieces to be fed to 3,882.257 A * 5/1975 Cagle ............................ 426/274 a dog at selected times. 3,916,029 A * 10/1975 Hildebolt ........................ 426,94 4,597,731 A 7, 1986 Suzuki 6 Claims, 1 Drawing Sheet U.S. Patent May 17, 2016 US 9,339,052 B1 US 9,339,052 B1 1. 2 PREMUMPET FOOD AND PROCESS FOR pressing food into a specific shape but it is dealing with ITS MANUFACTURE human food and not dog food. The Kobayashi Patent discloses a method of cutting a bar BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION shaped food. The Axlerod Patent discloses the process for making an 1. Field of the Invention edible dog treat. The process includes making a heat expand The present invention relates to the field of pet foods and able dog chew comprised primarily of injection molding primarily dog food and dog treats which are formulated of potato starch granules and an attractant. The treat is in the premium dog food ingredients in a semi-moist state. Tradi shape of a dog bone. tionally, semi-moist dog food is sold in cans or in tins or in 10 The Bazzaro Patent discloses a fully edible feed body for domestic animals comprising a central core having an elon sealed packs and after the can or tin or sealed pack is opened, gated shape and a substantially circular or square section, to semi-moist dog food is placed into a dog dish where it is which at least one layer of seed-based mixture is glued and in consumed by the dog. The present invention relates to the which the central core is obtained by extrusion cooking from field of a new innovative way of packaging semi-moist dog 15 a mixture based on water, flour, seeds and optionally Sugar. food so that the food can be dispensed in a more convenient The Pope Patent discloses an apparatus dye and method for form with a greater density of protein per portion and at times preparing a dual textured pet food including a shell envelop and places when traditional feeding would be difficult. ing a core. 2. Detailed Description of the Prior Art The Pfaller Patent discloses a process for the manufacture In general, the concept of forming specifically shaped of cooked cereals or dry pet food by preparing a mixture of foods such as bar-shaped material for human food is known. water and a dry premix comprising cereal, flour or semolina However, to the best of the present inventor's knowledge, the and pressing the mixture, with the aid of agear pump, to a heat concept of creating dog food in unique shapes which is semi exchanger and then to a dye where it is extruded. moist and is retained together in unique shapes and can be The Garcia Published Patent Application discloses a chew manufactured in a commercially viable way has not been 25 able pet treat which includes a fibrous collagen used to pre known before the present invention. The following 10 patents pare a product wherein the fibrous collagen matrix is formed and published patent applications are the closest relevant in any shape of a three dimensional design. prior art to the present invention: The Dempsey Patent discloses a process for preparing a 1. U.S. Pat. No. 4,597,731 issued to Kisaku Suzuki on Jul. chewable pet food which includes between 56% and 80% dry 1, 1986 for “Food Shaping Apparatus’ (hereafter the “Suzuki 30 wheat gluten mix, 9% to 28% liquid plasticizer mix and Patent”); between 8% to 18% moisture by weight. 2. U.S. Pat. No. 5,558,896 issued to Masao Kobayashion The Lindee Published Patent Application discloses a food Sep. 24, 1996 for “Method For Cutting A Bar-Shaped Food molding mechanism for forming a food patty which is for And Its Apparatus' (hereafter the “Kobayashi Patent'): human consumption. 3. U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,565 issued to Glen S. Axlerod on 35 The Fritz-Jung Patent discloses a pet food and method for Oct. 27, 1998 for “Process For Making An Edible Dog Chew” manufacturing the pet food which includes extruding a base (hereafter the "Axlerod Patent”): meal formula, grinding the extruded meal and pressure form 4. U.S. Pat. No. 6,344.224 issued to Gianni Bazzaro et al. ing the ground meal into Solid form. on Feb. 5, 2002 for “Feed Body For Domestic Animals” Overall, no one has conceived of the idea of having a (hereafter the “Bazzaro Patent”): 40 semi-moist dog treat formed into a predetermined shape 5. U.S. Pat. No. 6,733,263 issued to Brent K. Pope et al. on which can be broken into one or more separate sections and May 11, 2004 for “Composition, Process and Apparatus' fed to the dog at individual selected times and which can be (hereafter the “Pope Patent”): manufactured in a commercially viable way. There is a sig 6. U.S. Pat. No. 7,250,186 issued to Werner Pfaller et al. on nificant need for Such an improved invention on the market. Jul. 31, 2007 for “Extrusion Process, Apparatus and Product’ 45 (hereafter the “Pfaller Patent”): SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 7. United States Published Patent Application No. 2008/ 0003270 to Ion Inaki Garcia Martinez on Jan. 3, 2008 for The present invention relates to the commercial production “Chewable And/Or Edible Product For Pets And Other Ani of a premium pet food/treat formulated from proprietary mals” (hereafter the “Garcia Martinez Published Patent 50 compositions of raw ingredients and nutritional Supplements Application'); that are first mixed, pasteurized, cooked and then extruded 8. U.S. Pat. No. 7,390,520 issued to Paul Murrow Dempsey under pressure, into a continuous non-brittle, semi-moist, etal. on Jun. 24, 2008 for “Process For Preparing A Chewable stable sheet that is then mechanically formed—using a platen Pet Food” (hereafter the “Dempsey Patent”); and pressure—into a variety of sizes and shapes. 9. United States Published Patent Application No. 2008/ 55 The present invention includes the following advantages: 0233228 to Scott A. Lindee et al. on Sep. 25, 2008 for “Food 1. Portability Molding Mechanism For A Food Patty Molding Machine' Specific starches in the formulation and their successful (hereafter the “Lindee Published Patent Application'); gelatinization in addition to low fat levels, render the 10. U.S. Pat. No. 7,585,533 issued to Cathryn Fritz-Junget formed shapes durable, stable and palatable al. on Sep. 8, 2009 for “Pressure Formed Pet Food And 60 2. Semi-moist presentation with significant palatability Method” (hereafter the “Fritz-Jung Patent”). Humectants and flavoring agents enhance consumption The Suzuki Patent discloses a food shaping apparatus desirability and mask the “taste’ impact of the chemi which contains a multiplicity of rollers which serve to com cal retarding agents press the food over a period of time going from the top of the 3. Extended shelf stability hopper to the bottom of the hopper and compress the food into 65 Humectant—Incorporation of Glycerin the shape such as shown in FIG.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Colorado Wheat Farmer
    VOL. 55, NO. 3 Summer 2013 Colorado www.coloradowheat.org Wheat Farmer OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE COLORADO WHEAT ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE Stories: Ardent Mills President’s Column Colorado Winter Wheat Harvest Smallest Since ‘06 TYS field days By Steve Beedy In my first Colorado winter wheat president’s column, production in 2013 is projected I would like to at 43,500,000 bushels, down 59 introduce myself. percent from 73,780000 bushels My name is Steve produced last year, and down 60 Beedy, and I was percent from the 10-year average born and raised crop of 71,978,000 bushels. The on a farm north of estimate for the 2013 Colorado Genoa, Colorado. winter wheat crop is based upon The farm I live on was homesteaded by my great- 1,500,000 acres being harvested grandparents in 1894 and I live in the with an average yield of 29.0 house they built in 1900. I graduated bushels per acre. This compares from Colorado State University with 2,170,000 acres harvested (CSU) with a B.S. in Farm/Ranch last year and the 10-year average management. The farm is operated of 2,122,000 acres harvested. An by my parents, Raymond and Gloria, estimated 2,200,000 acres were my brother Gary, my three sons ages planted last fall for harvest in 2013, 13, 25, and 30, and myself. We grow compared with 2,350,000 acres Hard white winter wheat harvest at Anderson Farms near Dailey this July. all dryland crops with no-till and planted for harvest in 2012 and the min-till wheat, corn, and sunflowers 10-year average of 2,395,000 acres and also have a commercial cow/calf operation.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Agricultural Research Update
    2017 Agricultural Research Update NDSU Williston Research Extension Center ************************** MSU Eastern Agricultural Research Center Serving the MonDak Region Regional Report No. 23 – December 2017 Thank you to our 2017 MonDak Ag Showcase and Agricultural Research Update Sponsors Table of Contents Off Station Cooperators 2 Weather Information 3 Spring Wheat 4 Wheat Variety Comparisons 12 Durum 13 Winter Wheat 20 Barley 24 Oats 31 Flax 34 Safflower 36 Sunflower and Carinata 38 Canola 39 Soybean 43 Corn 45 Beans 46 Lentil 48 Field Pea 53 Chickpea 60 Irrigated Alfalfa 63 Dryland Crop Performance Comparisons 64 Horticulture Program 65 Sustainable Agroecosystem for Soil Health in the Northern Great Plains 71 Effects of Cropping Sequence, Ripping, and Manure on Pipeline Reclamation 76 Comparing Tillage Systems 80 Saline Seep Reclamation Research 82 Growth and Yield of No-Till Dryland Spring Wheat in Response to N and S Fertilizations 85 2017 Integrated Pest Management Crop Scouting Results 87 2017 Spring Wheat and Durum Yield and Quality Improved by Micronutrient Zn 89 Effect of Nitrogen and Sulfur on Yield and Quality of Spring Wheat 90 Yield and Quality Responses of Spring Wheat and Durum to Nitrogen Management 91 Improving Yield and Quality of Spring Wheat and Durum by Cropping and Nitrogen Management 93 DON Accumulation in Durum Varieties 95 Effect of Planting Date and Maturity on Durum Yield and Disease 97 Planting Scabby Seed: Effect of DON on Durum Germination, Establishment of Yield 99 Irrigated Durum Fusarium Head Blight
    [Show full text]
  • From Seed to Pasta & Beyond
    Internati onal Conference FROM SEED TO PASTA & BEYOND A SUSTAINABLE DURUM WHEAT CHAIN FOR FOOD SECURITY AND HEALTHY LIVES Bologna, Italy Milan, Italy 31 May - 2 June 2015 3 June 2015 Conference Center EXPO 2015 FlyON Italian Pavillion Invited Speakers & Oral Presentati ons - Abstract - FROM SEED TO PASTA & BEYOND A Sustainable Durum Wheat Chain for Food Security and Healthy Lives INDEX INVITED SPEAKERS & ORAL PRESENTATIONS Abstracts OPENING SESSION Durum wheat breeding: an historical perspecti ve Antonio Blanco - E. Porceddu, University of Bari, Italy Industrial perspecti ves of pasta producti on wheat breeding: an historical perspecti ve Marco Silvestri, Barilla, Italy What kind of pasta for a healthy gut microbiome? Patrizia Brigidi, University of Bologna, Italy Wheat genomics & its applicati ons (Opening keynote lecture) Peter Langridge, University of Adelaide, Australia Session 1. BRIDGING DURUM AND BREAD WHEAT SCIENCE Wheat physiology in a changing climate Matt hew Reynolds, CIMMYT, El Batan, Mexico Genomics platf orms for durum wheat genomics Jorge Dubcovsky, UC Davis, USA Ph1 gene of wheat and its applicati on in durum improvement Kulvinder Gill, Washington State University, USA Improving the health value of durum wheat Domenico Lafi andra, University of Tuscia, Italy Session 2. IMPROVING DURUM PRODUCTIVITY Wheat wild relati ves and their use for the improvement of culti vated wheat Tzion Fahima, University of Haifa, Israel Mapping and cloning valuable QTLs in durum wheat Roberto Tuberosa, University of Bologna, Italy Chromosome
    [Show full text]
  • Ag Horizons Conference & Prairie Grains Conference Details Inside!
    Ag Horizons Conference & Prairie Grains Conference Details Inside! IT TAKES ENDURANCE TO WITHSTAND THE UNEXPECTED You can’t control nature. But you can plant the latest WestBred® Certified Seed varieties, built on years of research and breeding to stand strong against the season’s unknowns. WB9590 • WB9479 TAKE ON THE SEASON AT WestBred.com ® ® Page 2 PrairieWestBred Grains and Design • Nov.-Dec. and WestBred 2018 are registered trademarks of Bayer Group. ©2018 Bayer Group, All Rights Reserved. MWEST-19009_PRAIRIEGRAINS_122018-032019 PUBLISHER Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers 2600 Wheat Drive • Red Lake Falls, MN 56750 218.253.4311 • Email: [email protected] Web: www.smallgrains.org PRAIRIE GRAINS EDITORIAL Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers 2600 Wheat Drive • Red Lake Falls, MN 56750 November / December 2018 | Issue 165 Ph: 218.253.4311 • Fax: 218.253.4320 Email: [email protected] CIRCULATION Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers 2600 Wheat Drive • Red Lake Falls, MN 56750 Ph: 218.253.4311 • Fax: 218.253.4320 Email: [email protected] ADVERTISING SALES CONTENTS Marlene Dufault 2604 Wheat Drive • Red Lake Falls, MN 56750 Ph: 218.253.2074 Email: [email protected] 4 Taming the Bulls and Bears ABOUT PRAIRIE GRAINS Prairie Grains magazine is published seven times annually and delivered free of charge to members of these grower associations, and to spring wheat and 6 Now it the Time to Ask Yourself the Big Question - Why? barley producers in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Montana. To subscribe or change address, please
    [Show full text]
  • Durum Wheat in Canada
    1 SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF DURUM WHEAT IN CANADA The purpose of the durum production manual is to promote sustainable production of durum wheat on the Canadian prairies and enable Canada to provide a consistent and increased supply of durum wheat with high quality to international and domestic markets. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction: respecting the consumer and the environment: R.M. DePauw 4 2. Durum production and consumption, a global perspective: E. Sopiwnyk 5 PLANNING 3. Variety selection to meet processing requirements and consumer preferences: R.M. DePauw and Y. Ruan 10 4. Field selection and optimum crop rotation: Y. Gan and B. McConkey 16 5. Planting date and seeding rate to optimize crop inputs: B. Beres and Z. Wang 23 6. Seed treatment to minimize crop losses: B. Beres and Z. Wang 29 7. Fertilizer management of durum wheat: 4Rs to respect the environment: R.H. McKenzie and D. Pauly 32 8. Irrigating durum to minimize damage and achieve optimum returns: R.H. McKenzie and S. Woods 41 9. Smart Farming, Big Data, GPS and precision farming as tools to achieve efficiencies. Integration of all information technologies: Big Data: R.M. DePauw 48 PEST MANAGEMENT 10. Integrated weed management to minimize yield losses: C.M. Geddes, B.D. Tidemann, T. Wolf, and E.N. Johnson 50 11. Disease management to minimize crop losses and maximize quality: R.E. Knox 58 12. Insect pest management to minimize crop losses and maximize quality: H. Catton, T. Wist, and I. Wise 63 HARVESTING TO MARKETING 13. Harvest to minimize losses: R.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Paper the Role of Genetic, Agronomic and Environmental
    1 Review Paper 2 The Role of Genetic, Agronomic and Environmental Factors on Grain Protein Content of 3 Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) 4 5 6 Abstract 7 For commercial production of tetraploid wheat, grain protein content is considered very 8 important. As the grain received great market attention due to protein premium price paid for 9 farmers, mainly above 13% that will give about 12% of protein in the milled semolina. However, 10 this review paper stated that grain protein content of tetraploid wheat is sensitive to environmental 11 conditions pertaining before and during grain filling, crop genetics and cultural practices. This 12 and associated problems universally calls agronomic based alternative solution to ameliorate 13 protein concentration in durum wheat grain. This could be modified through manipulating seeding 14 rates, selection crop varieties, adjusting nitrogen amount and fertilization time and sowing date. 15 The decision of time of nitrogen application however should be made based on the interest of the 16 farmers. If the interest gears towards grain yield, apply nitrogen early in the season and apply the 17 fertilizer later i.e. heading for better protein concentration. 18 Keywords: seeding rate, tillage, nitrogen application, temperature, Genotype, Protein 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1. Introduction 31 The tetraploid or “durum wheat” (Triticum turgidum L.) is the second most important Triticum 32 species being cultivated throughout the world next to bread wheat for human consumption and 33 commercial production as well (Peńa et al., 2002). The commercial value and quality of durum 34 wheat for pasta and macaroni manufacturing is directly related with its grain protein and gluten 35 content.
    [Show full text]
  • RCED-95-28 Wheat Pricing: Information on Transition to New
    United States General Accounting Office GAO Report to Congressional Requesters December 1994 WHEAT PRICING Information on Transition to New Tests for Protein GAO/RCED-95-28 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division B-258389 December 8, 1994 Congressional Requesters Protein levels in wheat are an important factor in determining hard red spring (HRS) wheat prices, particularly for HRS wheat grown in Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Higher protein commands higher prices in the market. Therefore, the accuracy and reliability of protein testing is of primary importance to these areas and to those who buy and sell high-protein wheat. In 1993, concerns were raised that a new technology for estimating the protein levels of wheat—the Near Infrared Transmittance (NIRT) technology—was producing estimates that were lower than those provided by an older technology. This new technology was introduced by the Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS)—an agency in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) that provides official inspections of grain. Inspections by laboratories other than those supervised by FGIS are known as unofficial inspections. While official inspections must meet FGIS’ standards and are used for both domestic and export sales, they are generally required for export sales. In contrast, unofficial inspections are not subject to FGIS’ standards. Unofficial inspectors can range from “in-house” graders at grain elevators and processing plants to third-party inspection agencies. Because of the above concerns, you asked us to (1) describe the pricing situation for wheat in 1993, (2) evaluate FGIS’ introduction of the NIRT technology, (3) analyze the economic impact of the NIRT technology on segments of the industry, and (4) describe recent efforts to standardize unofficial protein testing of wheat.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancing the Quality of U.S. Grain for International Trade
    Enhancing the Quality of U.S. Grain for International Trade February 1989 NTIS order #PB89-187199 ——— Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Enhancing the Quality of U.S. Grain for International Trade, OTA-F-399 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, February 1989). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 88-600592 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325 (order form can be found in the back of this report) American agriculture, long the sector of the economy considered the most productive and competitive in the world, began to show signs of declining interna- tional competitiveness in the early 1980s. Many reasons have been given for this, including the problems of the quality of U.S. grain. The quality issue is receiving renewed attention in the current world buyers’ market for grain, Some are con- cerned that as the influence of important economic variables such as the strength of the dollar and the extent of agricultural price support cause U.S. exports to be- come more price-competitive, opportunities to increase exports may be hampered by buyers’ qualms about U.S. grain quality. Complaints of overseas buyers about low-quality U.S. grain receive widespread attention. Buyers protest that they receive dirty, molded, or infested grain, or that characteristics contracted for, such as a certain protein level, were not met. Ex- porters argue that foreign buyers are using quality complaints to bargain for lower prices. Farmers and many Members of Congress point to loss of market share to prove the importance of quality.
    [Show full text]
  • PNW 578-Updated
    PNW 578 Nitrogen Management for Hard Wheat Protein Enhancement Brad Brown, Mal Westcott, Neil Christensen, Bill Pan, Jeff Stark anaging nitrogen (N) to produce both high yields and acceptable protein of Contents M hard winter or spring wheat, especially in Page high rainfall and irrigated systems, has been frus- Key Points .........................................................2 trating for Pacific Northwest (PNW) growers and Wheat Nitrogen Utilization...................................4 those who serve them in an advisory capacity.A N Uptake........................................................4 better understanding of the principles of wheat Yield and Protein Relationships...........................5 nitrogen utilization, the relationships of protein to Satisfying the N Requirements for Yield ..............6 yield and available N, and N management for hard Nitrogen and Wheat Protein ................................6 wheat should enable fieldmen, consultants, advis- Late Season N for Increasing Protein ..................7 Rate and Timing .............................................7 ers, and growers to produce high yields of hard Yield Effects...................................................8 wheat with acceptable protein more consistently. N Use Efficiency .............................................8 Land-grant programs in the Pacific Northwest Application and Irrigation Method ....................8 have conducted considerable research on N man- Planting Dates and Varieties............................9 agement for irrigated
    [Show full text]
  • High-Quality Durum Wheat in North Dakota
    A1825 Field Guide to Sustainable Production of High-quality Durum Wheat in North Dakota North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota May 2017 Introduction ............................................................1 Field Selection and Crop Rotation ...............3 Tillage and Residue Management ................5 Variety Selection ..................................................9 Planting Date and Seeding Rate ................15 Seed Treatment ..................................................17 Fertility Management ......................................19 Weed Management ..........................................25 Disease Management ......................................29 Insect Pest Management ...............................39 Drying and Storage ...........................................49 Authors Joel Ransom, Extension Agronomist Greg Endres, Area Extension Specialist/Cropping Systems Shana Forster, Director, NDSU North Central Research Extension Center Andrew Friskop, Extension Plant Pathologist David Franzen, Extension Soil Science Specialist Richard Zollinger, Extension Weed Specialist Kirk Howatt, Associate Professor, NDSU Plant Sciences Janet Knodel, Extension Entomologist Patrick Beauzay, Extension Entomologist Research Specialist Kenneth Hellevang, Extension Agricultural Engineer Cover photos and pasta photo on page 1: iStock.com urum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum Desf.) is Done of three classes of wheat commonly grown in North Dakota. Durum wheat acreage in North Dakota varies from year to year based on
    [Show full text]
  • Single Kernel Protein Variance Structure in Commercial Wheat Fields in Western Kansas
    Single Kernel Protein Variance Structure in Commercial Wheat Fields in Western Kansas Tod Bramble, Timothy J. Herrman,* Thomas Loughin, and Floyd Dowell ABSTRACT tries has increased the demand for improved wheat This research was undertaken to quantify the structure of protein quality by export customers (Dexter and Preston, 2001). variation in a commercial hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum A key element of the Grain Quality Acts involves aestivum L.) production system. This information will augment our the development of rapid quality detection systems such knowledge and practices of sampling, segregating, marketing, and as the single kernel characterization system (SKCS) and varietal development to improve uniformity and end-use quality of whole kernel NIR technology. Osborne et al. (1997) HRW wheat. The allocation of kernel protein variance to specific evaluated the SKCS 4100 as a means of measuring wheat components in southwestern Kansas was performed by a hierarchical kernel weight, hardness, moisture content, and sample sampling design. Sources of variability included Field, Plot (plots uniformity and found it performed satisfactorily during within a field), Row (rows within a plot), Plant (plants within a row), Head (heads within a plant), Position (spikelets at a specific position harvest in Australia. Baker et al. (1999) developed a on a head), Spikelet (spikelets within a position), and Kernel (kernels wheat segregation strategy to be used at elevators in within a spikelet). Individual kernels (10 152) were collected from 46 which the SKCS and whole grain NIR are used to predict fields planted to one of four cultivars: Jagger, 2137, Ike, or TAM 107. a composite milling and baking yield within 60 s.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian I Rain Marketing System
    Agricultural Economics Report No. 130 December, 1978 The Canadian i rain Marketing System Keith B.etier and Donald E. Anderson Department of Agricultural Economics Agricultural Experiment Station North Dakota State University Fargo, North Dakota FOREWORD This study was initiated as a Master's Thesis project under the North Central Regional Grain Marketing Committee (NC-139). Further data collection and analysis were carried out under a grant from the North Dakota Wheat Commission. The authors are indebted to members of the Canadian Wheat Board, the Canadian Grains Commission, the Canada Grains Council, the Canadian Inter- national Grains Institute, and numerous members of the Canadian Grain Trade interviewed in this study. A special word of thanks is due to North Dakota elevator operators who supplied data for this study. The authors are appreciative of review comments provided by Dr. Alex McCalla, University of California, Davis; Dr. Larry Riglau, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Mr. Mel Maier, North Dakota Wheat Commission; Mr. Tim Nordquist, North Dakota Wheat Commission; and numerous members of the Grain Trade who made comments on early drafts of the study. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Highlights .. ..... ...... ......... ii History of Grain Marketing in Canada . ............ 1 Description of Canadian Grain Marketing Institutions ....... 5 Canadian Wheat Board . .. .. .. .. ... 5 Canadian Grain Commission .. .... .. ..... 8 Canada Grains Council ....................... 10 Canadian International Grains Institute .. .... 11 Description of Production and Utilization of Grains ....... 12 Production . 12 Geographic Dispersion of Production . ............ 12 Utilization . .. 14 Market Channels .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 15 Quota System . ......................... 15 Producer Marketing . .................. .. .. 17 Country Elevator System ....... ..... 19 Terminal Elevators ....... .. ......... .. 20 Tariffs . 22 Transportation System . ....... ........... ... 22 Railway . ... 22 Trucking . 27 Water Movement .....
    [Show full text]