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Disser Shaymatov.Pdf UZBEKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ASTRONOMICAL INSTITUTE INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS УДК 530.12:531.51 SHAYMATOV SANJAR RUZIMUROTOVICH GENERAL RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICAL PROCESSES IN THE VICINITY OF COMPACT GRAVITATIONAL OBJECTS IN THE PRESENCE OF EXTERNAL ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD 01.03.01- ASTRONOMY DISSERTATION OF THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOFY (PhD) ON PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES Supervisor: Ahmedov Bobomurat Juraevich doctor of sciences in physics and mathematics, professor Tashkent- 2018 1 Contents INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………… 4 CHAPTER I. ASTROPHYSICAL AND OBSERVATIONAL PROPERTIES OF BLACK HOLES ……………………………………. 14 §1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 14 §1.2 Supermassive black hole candidates ….…. ................................................... 18 §1.3 Stellar mass black hole candidates .…………………………………….…...21 §1.4 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………..23 CHAPTER II. THE MOTION OF PARTICLES IN THE BOUND NON- GEODESIC ORBITS AROUND COMPACT GRAVITATING OBJECTS IMMERSED IN AN EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD … 25 §2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 25 §2.2 Influence of magnetic field on isofrequency orbits around Schwarzschild black hole .......................................................................................................................... 28 § 2.2.1 The non-geodesic equations of motion ............................................... 28 §2.2.2 Influence of magnetic field on orbital frequencies and separatrix …..30 §2.2.3 Isofrequency orbits in the presence of magnetic field .…………........32 §2.3 The electromagnetic field and charged particle motion in the gravitational field of a quintessential rotating black hole combined with an uniform magnetic field ................................................................................................................................. 37 § 2.3.1 Radial motion in the equatorial plane ......……..…………………….41 § 2.3.2 The innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) …….…………............45 § 2.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 48 CHAPTER III. THE DYNAMICS OF OVERSPINNING PROCESS OF BLACK HOLE AND THE ROLE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD 50 § 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 50 § 3.2 Particle motion around a near-extremal Kerr black hole and dynamics of 2 overspinning process with a charged particle ......................................... 53 § 3.3 The effect of magnetic field on the particle motion around nearextremal Kerr black hole ................................................................................................ 58 § 3.4 Analyzing the backreaction of the magnetic field on background space-time. ................................................................................................................. 62 § 3.5 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 67 CHAPTER IV. ENERGY EXTRACTION FROM GRAVITATIONAL COMPACT OBJECTS 69 § 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 69 § 4.2 Properties of ergosphere around rotating black holes .................................... 73 § 4.3 Energy extraction through Penrose process in the Kerr-Taub-NUT object with gravitomagnetic monopole charge ................................................ 77 § 4.4 Collisional energy through the BSW effect near a rotating black hole in a Randall-Sundrum brane with a cosmological constant…………...80 §4.4.1 Classification of Ec.m. energy of the colliding particles in 4 dimensional brane spacetime……………………………………………………...81 § 4.5 Effect of an external magnetic field on particle acceleration by a rotating black hole with quintessential energy ................................................... 87 § 4.5.1 Collision of a freely falling charged particle with a charged particle plunging from the ISCO to the horizon of the magnetized quintessential rotating black hole ..................................................... 93 §4.6 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 96 MAIN RESULTS AND CONCLUSION ………………………………………..98 BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………100 APPENDIX ……………………………………………………………………..120 3 INTRODUCTION Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. Nowadays, much progress has been made in observational studies of stellar mass black holes in X -ray binaries and supermassive black holes through modern astronomical observations. Also, the detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from GW150914, GW151226 and GW170104 and the detection of a high energy neutrino 170922A by IceCube Neutrino Observatory verify the observational progress in the detection of black holes. Thus, the presence of black holes in astrophysics is now taking center stage by the LIGO and VIRGO detection of stellar black hole mergers and recent astronomical investigations of the high-energy neutrino and the output 42 47 ( Lquasar 10 10 erg / s) from active galactic nuclei (AGN) in various forms such as winds and jets, which have been detected by x -ray, VLBI, and -ray telescopes. Throughout the world, developing accurate theoretical investigations in the context of testing cosmic censorship conjecture for presence of black holes, modeling the energy extraction from black holes being candidates for such energy sources via infalling test particles or magnetic fields surrounding compact objects is the most important issues of modern astrophysics in getting more information about the properties of black holes and providing the proof to the relevant observations by ground and space-based telescopes. The investigation of the astrophysical processes in the vicinity of black holes and the effect of the electromagnetic field on the rich phenomenology of astrophysical processes in the strong gravitational field regime, which allows us to verify the general theory of relativity, is one of the most important tasks of modern relativistic astrophysics. In our country, great attention has been paid to the development of experimental and theoretical researches in the field of relativistic astrophysics, as well as fundamental research in this direction at the international level. The fundamental research topics, which are of great importance for the progress of science and its further application in practice in our country, are reflected in the 4 Strategy1 for Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021. Thus, theoretical and observational studies of the role of the external magnetic field on the motion of test particles around compact gravitational objects in testing cosmic censorship conjecture, analyzing bound and isofrequency pairing non-geodesic orbits around black holes, and developing energy extraction processes from black holes in the field of relativistic astrophysics play a significant role. This research carried out in the dissertation fully corresponds to the tasks stipulated in the Decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PR- 2789 “On measures of further improvement of the activities of the Academy of Sciences, organization, management and financing of scientific research works” from February, 2017, Decree No. PD-4947 “On the strategy of Actions on Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan” from February 7, 2017, and Decree No. PD-3275 “On the creation of the state specialized secondary school named after Mirzo Ulugbek and Astronomy and Aeronautics park” from September 14, 2017, and in legal and regulatory documents accepted in this field as well. Relevance of the research to the priority areas of science and technology development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The dissertation research has been carried out in accordance with the priority areas of science and technology in the Republic of Uzbekistan: II. “Power, energy and resource saving”. Degree of study of the problem. Many scientists in the world, for instance, Japan scientists (I. Takahisa, H. Tomohiro, K. Masashi), Indian scientists (N. Dadhich, S. Ghosh, P. Joshi, M. Patil), Italian scientists (C. Bambi, L. Rezzolla, L. Modesto, D. Malafarina, O. Zanotti), Russian scientists (M. Yu. Piotrovich, Yu. N. Gnedin; A. Zakharov, D. Galtsov), Czech scientists (Z. Stuchlik, M. Kolos, J. Schee, J. Kovar, V. Karas), German scientists (C. Laemmerzahl, J. Kuntz, E. Hackmann, D. Kunst, V. Perlick), and others have done huge number of theoretical and observational investigations to study the energetic processes, particle motion and isofrequency pairing bound orbits around rotating black hole and cosmic censorship 1 Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Strategy for the Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan” No. 4947 of 07 February 2017 5 and overspinning process for rotating black hole as well. Also, uzbek scientists (B. Ahmedov, A. Abdujabbarov, V. Morozova, F. Atamuratov, A. Tursunov, B. Toshmatov and others) have done theoretical investigations in analysing the influence of a magnetic field on the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) so as to provide the upper limit for the different parameters of the black hole and in studying the orbits of magnetized particles around black holes immersed in an asymptotically uniform magnetic field in the alternative theory
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