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Für Unseren Enkel Bennet

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Für Unseren Enkel Bennet Sternbild PFEIL ( Sagitta – Sge ) Der Pfeil ist ein Sommersternbild am nördlichen Himmel. Er ist flächenmäßig das drittkleinste Sternbild am Himmel. Der Sage nach wurde der Pfeil von Herkules abgeschossen. Es befindet sich in einer sternreichen Gegend der Milchstraße. Interessant ist das Objekt M71, das als Kugelsternhaufen geführt wird, aber auch als Offener Sternhaufen durchgeht. Der Pfeil kulminiert im Juli gegen 24:00Uhr und befindet sich innerhalb der Koordinaten RE 18h58 – 20h20 und DE +16°04' bis +21°38'; Die Nachbarsternbilder sind im Norden FÜCHSCHEN, im Westen HERKULES, im Süden ADLER und im Osten DELPHIN. Der PFEIL ist 74° nördlicher geografischer Breite zirkumpolar und südlich von –68° nicht mehr vollständig sichtbar. Die Objekte: 1. Die „Pfeilsterne“ 2. Die übrigen beiden Alphabethsterne 3. Sterne bis 6mag 4. Doppelsterne 5. Die Veränderlichen 6. Der „Kugelsternhaufen“ M71 1. Die „Pfeilsterne“ werden von 5 Sternen 4. und 5. Größe markiert. Obwohl es nicht gerade die visuell hellsten Sterne sind, ist diese kleine markante Figuration westlich vom Sternbild Delfin eine auffällige Erscheinung inmitten des Milchstraßenbandes. SHAM, Alpha (α) Sagittae, 5 Sge; RE 19h 40' 06“ / DE +18°00' Sham, auch Al Sahm (arabisch „der Pfeil“) bezieht sich auf das gesamte Sternbild. Scham ist ein gelber G0II Heller Riesenstern in 473LJ Entfernung. Seine Helligkeit beträgt 4,39mag. Scham hat 307fache Sonnenleuchtkraft und eine Abs. Hell. von -1,4Mag. Die Masse beträgt das 4,1fache und der Radius das 20fache unserer Sonne .Der Stern ist an seiner Oberfläche 5400K heiß. Die Eigenbewegung beträgt 0,023“ im Jahr, die Radialgeschwindigkeit +1,9km/s. Scham ist der obere Pfeilfederstern. In 31“ Distanz (PW= 200°/ 1985) befindet sich ein Begleiter 13. Größe. Beta (β) Sagittae, 6 Sge; RE 19h 41' 03“ / DE +17° 28' Beta ist ein orangegelber G8II- Heller Riesenstern in 467LJ Distanz. Die Helligkeit beträgt 4,39mag. Er hat die 299fache Leuchtkraft unserer Sonne und eine Abs. Hell. von -1,4Mag.Beta hat etwa 4fache MS und 25-64fachen RS. Die Oberfläche ist 4860K heiß. Die EB beträgt 0,034“/Jhr. und die RG - 22,4km/s. Beta markiert den unteren Pfeilfeder. Der Stern ist etwa 140Mill. Jahre alt. Gamma (γ) Sagittae, 12 Sge; RE 19h 58' 45“ / DE +19° 39' Gamma ist mit 3,51mag der hellste Pfeilstern. Es ist ein orangeroter K5III- Riesenstern in 274LJ Entfernung. Gamma hat 232fache LS und eine Abs. Hell. von -1,1Mag. Gamma hat die 2,5fache Masse und den 55fachen Radius unserer Sonne. Die Oberflächentemperatur beträgt 3890K, die EB 0,069“/Jhr. und die RG -33,4km/s. Gamma gehört zur Hyadengruppe und ist der 2. Schaftstern. Der Stern ist ca. 750Mill. Jahre alt. Delta (δ) Sagittae, 7 Sge; RE 19h 47' 23“ / DE +18° 32' Delta ist mit 3,68mag der 2.hellste Pfeilstern. Es ist ein roter M2II- Heller Riese in 448LJ Distanz. Die LS beträgt das 530fache unserer Sonne, die Mv= -2,0Mag. Delta hat die 3,8fache Masse und den 152fachen Radius unserer Sonne. die Oberflächenzemperatur beträgt 3630K, dieEB 0,012“/Jhr. und die RG +2,5km/s. Delta ist spektrobinär. In 3725 Tagen umkreisen sich der M2II- Riese und ein bläulichweißer 4,32mag heller A0V HrSt.in nur 0,1“ Distanz. Der Partnerstern hat 2,9fache MS und 2,6fachen RS. Die mittlere Halbachse beträgt 8,8AE (1,32Mrd. km). Delta (A) ist außerdem Lb- veränderlich und der 1. Pfeilschaftstern. Siehe 5. Die Veränderlichen Eta (η) Sagittae, 16 Sge; RE 20h 05' 09“ / DE +19° 59' Eta ist ein 5,09mag heller orangefarbener K2III- Riesenstern in 161,7LJ Entfernung. Er hat 19fache LS und eine Abs. Hell. von 1,9Mag; Er hat 1,8fache MS und 7,5fachen RS. Die OT beträgt 4741K, die EB 0,087“/Jhr. und die RG -40,8km/s. Eta gehört zur Hyadengruppe und markiert die Pfeilspitze. 2. Epsilon, Zeta und Theta, die übrigen Alphabethsterne Epsilon (ε) Sagittae, 4 Sge; RE 19h 37' 17“ / DE +16° 27' Eta ist ein gelborangfarbener G8IIIvar- Riesenstern in 473LJ Entfernung. Seine Helligkeit beträgt 5,67mag. Er hat 95fache LS und eine Mv von -0,1Mag. Epsilon hat 3,1fache MS und 19fachen RS. Die OT beträgt 4978K, die EB 0,024“/Jhr.und die RG -32,6km/s. Opt. Doppelstern; Siehe 3. Doppelsterne Zeta (ζ) Sagittae, RE 19h 58' 59“ / DE +19°08' Zeta ist ein weißer A1V- HrST in 326LJ Distanz. Seine mv= 5,01mag. Er hat 83fache LS und eine Abs. Hell. von 0,0Mag. Zeta hat 2,1MS und 2,4RS. Die OT beträgt 8800K, die EB 0,036“/Jhr., die RG - 13,5km/s. Zeta ist ein Dreifachsystem mit einer engen Komponente 6. Größe und einem kleinen blauen Begleiter 9. Größe. Siehe 3. Doppelsterne Theta (θ) Sagittae, 17 Sge; RE 20h 09' 57“ / DE +20° 55' Theta ist ein weißgelber Unterriese im Spektrum F5IV in 146,8LJ Distanz. Theta ist ein Doppelstern. Die Gesamthelligkeit beträgt 6,51mag. Die Leuchtkraft ist 4,2X stärker als die unserer Sonne. Die Abs. Hell. beträgt 3,2Mag. Die EB= 0,009“/Jhr., die RG= -40,2km/s. Theta ist von Eta aus die verlängerte Pfeilspitze. Siehe 3. Doppelsterne 3. Sterne bis 6mag 13 Sagittae, VZ Sge; RE 20h 00' 03“ / DE +17° 31' mv= 5,33mag; Spektrum= M4IIIa; Distanz= 750LJ; LS= 320fach; Mv= -1,5Mag; MS= 1,8fach; RS= 152fach; OT= 3330K; EB= 0,010“/Jhr.; RG= -17,4km/s; Lb- veränderlich; siehe 5. Die Veränderlichen 11 Sagittae, RE 19h 57' 45“ / DE ++16° 47' mv= 5,54mag; Spektrum= B9III; Distanz= 405LJ; LS= 78fach; Mv= 0,1Mag; EB= 0,020“/Jhr.; RG= - 26,1km/s; 1 Sagittae, RE 19h 15' 17“ / DE +21° 14' mv= 5,65mag; Spektrum= A4V; Distanz= 318LJ; LS= 43Xfach; Mv= 0,7Mag; EB= 0,040“/Jhr.; RG= - 23,1km/s; 10 Sagittae, S Sge; RE 19h 56' 01“ / DE +16° 38' mv= 5,71mag; Spektrum= G5Ibvar; Distanz= 4289LJ; LS= 7.000fach; Mv= -4,9Mag; MS= 6,5fach; RS= 66fach; OT= 5500K; EB= 0,004“/Jhr.; RG= -9,9 km/s; Alter ca. 43Mill. Jahre; Doppelstern; Spektrum Komponente B= A7V; MS= 1,5fach; Orbitdauer= 1,85 Jahre; mittlere Halbachse= 2,9AE= 435Mill. km); Komponente B ist eventuell ebenfalls doppelt; Cδ- veränderlich; siehe 5. Die Veränderlichen 15 Sagittae, RE 20h 04' 06“ / DE +17° 04' mv= 5,80mag; Spektrum= G1V; Distanz= 57,62LJ; LS= 1,2Xfach; Mv= 4,6Mag; MS= 1,1fach; RS= 1,1fach; OT= 5900K; EB= 0,571“/Jhr.; RG= +4,8km/s; Alter ca. 2,5Mrd. Jahre; 15 Sge hat einen braunen Zwerg als Begleiter und ist ein optisches Dreifachsystem; siehe 4. Doppelsterne HD 193579 Sagittae, RE 20h 20' 21“ / DE +17° 47' mv= 5,82mag; Spektrum= K5III; Distanz= 478LJ; LS= 84fach; Mv= -0,0Mag; EB= 0,036“/Jhr.; RG= - 32,5km/s; HD 190211 Sagittae, RE 20h 03' 16“ / DE +18° 30' mv= 5,99mag; Spektrum= K3Iab; Distanz= 850LJ; LS= 227fach; Mv= -1,1Mag; EB= 0,033“/Jhr.; RG= +9,0km/s; Doppelstern; mv Komponenten A + B= 6,13mag + 10,38mag; Distanz A-B= 46,7“; PW= 207° (1991); 4. Doppelsterne Zeta Sagittae, RE 19h 58' 59“ / DE +19°08'; Gesamthelligkeit 5,01mag Zeta ist ein Dreifachsystem mit einer engen Komponente 6. Größe und einem kleinen blauen Begleiter 9. Größe. mv Kompente A+B+C= 5,49mag+6,18mag+9,01mag; Spektrum A+B+C= A1V+A3V+B8V; Distanz A- B= 0,2“ 141° (1991) A/B-C= 8,3“; PW= 310°(1999); Komponente B hat 19fache LS, 2fache MS, 2fachen RS, und 8600K OT; Sie umkreisen sich in 22,8 Jahren. Die mittlere Halbachse beträgt 10,6AE (2,4Mrd. km); mv Komponente D= 11,0mag; Distanz A/-D= 76“; PW= 248° (1991); siehe 2. Die übrigen Alphabethsterne 15 Sagittae, RE 20h 04' 06“ / DE +17° 04'; Gesamthelligkeit 5,08mag Komponente A hat einen Braunen Zwerg als Begleiter; Jupitermassen (MJ)= 69fach, Jupiterradius (JR)= 1fach; OT= 1750K; Orbitdauer= 73,3 Jahre; mittlere Halbachse= 18,3 AE (2,745Mrd. km); 15 Sge ist ein optisches Dreifachsystem mit einer Gesamthelligkeit von 5,80mag mv Komponente A+B+C= 5,86mag+6,91mag+9,37mag; Spektrum A+B+C= G1V+A2V+K0V; Distanz A-B/C= 168,7“/215“; PW B/C= 332° (1994)/ 287° (1991); Komponente A= 58LJ Distanz, Komponente B = 577LJ Distanz, Komponente C= 160LJ Distanz siehe 3. Sterne bis 6,5mag Epsilon Sagittae, RE 19h 37' 17“ / DE +16° 27'; Gesamthelligkeit 5,67mag; mv Komponenten A + B= 5,77mag + 7,80mag; Spektren A + B= G8III + B8V; Distanz A-B= 89,2“; PW= 81° (2003); Komponente B ist optisch doppelt mit Epsilon; Distanz= 300LJ; LS= 3,3fach; Mv= 3,5Mag; EB= 0,010“/Jhr-.; siehe 2. Die übrigen Alphabethsterne Theta Sagittae, RE 20h 09' 57“ / DE +20° 55'= 6,51mag mv Komponente A+B= 6,56mag+8,85mag; Spektrum A+B= F5IV+F3V; DistanzA-B= 11,7“; PW= 330° (2006); mv Komponente A + C= 6,56mag + 7,52mag; Spektren A + C= F5IV + K2III; Distanz A-C= 90,1“; PW= 222° (2006); siehe 2. Die übrigen Alphabethsterne 5. Die Veränderlichen Delta Sagittae, RE RE 19h 47' 23“ / DE +18° 32'; mittlere Helligkeit 3,68mag Typ Lb (langsam irregulär); Amplitude= 3,75mag -3,83mag (Komponente A); Periode= irregulär; siehe 1. Die Pfeilsterne VZ Sagittae, 13 Sge; RE 20h 00' 03“ / +17° 31'; mittlere Helligkeit 5,33mag Typ Lb(langsam irregulär); Amplitude= 5,27mag – 5,57mag; Periode= irregulär; siehe 3. Sterne bis 6,5mag S Sagittae, 10 Sge; RE 19h 56' 01“ / DE +16° 38'; mittlere Helligkeit 5,71mag Typ Cδ (Delta-Cepheide); Amplitude= 5,24mag – 6,,04mag; Periode= 8,382Tage; das Spektrum variiert zwischen F5Ib – G5Ib; siehe 3. Sterne bis 6,5mag U Sagittae, RE 19h 18' 48“ / DE +19° 36'; mittlere Helligkeit 6,50mag Typ EA (bedeckungsveränderlich Typ Algol); Amplitude= 6,45mag – 9,28mag; Periode= 3,381 Tage; halbge= trenntes System; Shellstar (Hüllenstern); siehe 3.
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