Brampton Heritage Board Item E1 for June 18, 2013

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Request for Delegation Attention: City Clerk's Office, City of Brampton 2 Wellington Street West, Brampton ON L6Y 4R2 Email: [email protected] www.brampton.ca Phone: (905) 874-2100 Fax: (905) 874-2119 Meeting: □ City Council □ Planning, Design and Development Committee □ Committee of Council □ Other:______Meeting Date Requested: Agenda Item (if applicable):______

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Position/Title: Organization/Person being Represented:

Full Address for Contact:

Email/ Telephone No. Fax No.

Subject Matter to be Discussed

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Attach additional page if required I am submitting a formal presentation to accompany my delegation: □ Yes □ No I will require the following audio-visual equipment/software for my presentation: □ Computer Notebook □ DVD Player □ PowerPoint □ Other - please specify______Note: Delegates are requested to provide to the City Clerk's Office well in advance of the meeting date: (i) 30 copies of all background material and/or presentations for publication with the meeting agenda and/or distribution at the meeting, and (ii) for PowerPoint and other visual presentations, an electronic copy of the presentation (e.g., DVD, CD, .ppt file) to ensure compatibility with corporate equipment. Once the above information is received by the City Clerk's Office, you will be contacted by a Legislative Coordinator to confirm your placement on the appropriate agenda. Personal information on this form is collected under authority of the Municipal Act, SO 2001, c.25 and/or the Planning Act, R.S.O. 1990, c.P.13 and will be used in the preparation of the applicable council/committee agenda and will be attached to that agenda. Questions about the collection of personal information should be directed to the Deputy City Clerk, Council and Administrative Services, 2 Wellington Street West, Brampton, Ontario, L6Y 4R2, tel. 905-874-2115. E 1-2

HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

8712 CLAIREVILLE CONSERVATION ROAD (LOT 5, CONCESSION 8 ND, GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF TORONTO GORE) CITY OF BRAMPTON, ONTARIO

July 2009

Prepared for: Toronto and Region Conservation Authority

Prepared by:

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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

8712 CLAIREVILLE CONSERVATION ROAD (LOT 5, CONCESSION 8 ND, GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF TORONTO GORE) CITY OF BRAMPTON, ONTARIO

July 2009

Prepared for: Toronto and Region Conservation Authority 5 Shoreham Drive Downsview, Ontario, M3N 1S4 Tel: 416-661-6600

Prepared by: Unterman McPhail Associates Heritage Resource Management Consultants 540 Runnymede Road Toronto, Ontario, M6S 2Z7 Tel: 416-766-7333 Fax: 416-763-4082 Email: [email protected]

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Purpose 2 1.2 City of Brampton Heritage Impact Assessment Requirements 2

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPERTY AND ITS CONTEXT 4 2.1 Location 4 2.2 Area Character and Physiography 4 2.3 Site Context 5

3.0 HISTORICAL SUMMARY 7 3.1 Toronto Gore Township 7 3.2 Lot 5, Concession 8 ND, Toronto Gore Township 11

4.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE EVALUATION 14 4.1 Design/Physical Value 15 4.2 Historical and Associative Value 17 4.3 Contextual Value 17 4.4 Summary of Cultural Heritage Values 18 4.5 Heritage Status of Adjacent Properties and Landscape Elements 18

5.0 DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL 19

6.0 HERITAGE POLICIES 20 6.1 The Planning Act and Provincial Policy Statement (2005) 20 6.2 Ontario Heritage Act (OHA) 22 6.3 Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) 22 6.4 City of Brampton Official Plan 24

7.0 HERITAGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS 25 7.1 Introduction 25 7.2 City of Brampton Mitigation Protocols for Heritage Impact Assessments 25 7.3 Mitigation Recommendations 26

SOURCES CONSULTED

Appendix A: Photographs Cultural Heritage Landscape Appendix B: Photographs Residence Appendix C: Historical Maps Appendix D: Ontario Heritage Act Regulation 9/06

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LIST OF FIGURES Page

Figure 1.1 Location of subject property, City of Brampton [Source: Microsoft Virtual Earth 2009]. 1 Figure 2.1 Location of 8712 Claireville Conservation Road in the City of Brampton [Source: Microsoft Virtual Earth 2009]. 4 Figure 2.2 Aerial of site and buildings [Source: Microsoft Virtual Earth 2009]. 6 Figure 3.1 John Bland Property, Lot 5, Concession 8 ND, Toronto Gore Township [Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Peel, 1877]. 12 Figure 4.1 East (front) elevation of residence at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road. 15

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose

The Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) has requested the preparation of a heritage impact assessment (HIA) for the property located at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road in response to the requirements of the City of Brampton. The study area contains the undeveloped lands largely within the west half of Lot 5, Concession 8 ND, geographic area of Toronto Gore Township, and now part of the City of Brampton. The subject property is located within lands owned by the TRCA. The TRCA is exploring the possible removal of the residence located at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road.

An HIA determines the significant of a cultural heritage resource, and how proposed land use development, demolition or site alterations may affect a resource. A property does not have to be designated or listed on a heritage register to be subject to the HIA process. Any property that may exhibit cultural heritage value or 'heritage potential' will be subject to an appropriate level of heritage due diligence guided through the HIA process.

Figure 1.1. Location of subject property, City of Brampton [Source: Microsoft Virtual Earth 2009].

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1.1 City of Brampton Heritage Impact Assessment Requirements

The City of Brampton defines an HIA as a study to determine how significant a cultural heritage resource might be and how a proposed land use development, demolition or site alterations may impact that resource. The report should recommend and outline a range of mitigative measures or alternative development approaches that should be applied, based on a range of decision making factors such as: significance, rarity and integrity of the cultural heritage resource, structural condition, location, contextual and environmental considerations, municipal policy objectives, proposed land uses, business plan of the subject landowner and other factors.

An HIA can also be used to determine if and when demolition, relocation, salvage or other potentially negative impacts may be permissible. For example, in certain, rare instances demolition might be permissible if a heritage building is confirmed as structurally unsound, is heavily damaged or otherwise compromised to such a degree that rehabilitation and restoration is unfeasible. In such instances a clear and well-articulated rationale is required to justify such impacts.

An HIA must also be framed within the broader context of provincial planning policies, national and international standards, best practices, professional standards, charters and conventions relating to cultural heritage. Consultants shall assess cultural heritage value or interest in accordance with Ontario Heritage Act Regulation 9/06: Criteria for Determining Cultural Heritage Value or Interest.

With regard to listed and designated heritage properties, or other previously un-assessed properties that may hold cultural heritage value or interest, the objectives of the HIA are to: o Assess and determine the cultural heritage value of the subject property as a whole, noting all heritage attributes and other character defining elements as found; o Identify and assess any other unique attributes of the site and surrounding area that may contribute to the cultural heritage value of the subject property, such as cultural heritage landscapes, natural heritage features, archaeological potential, integration with a streetscape or area and the like; o Determine physical condition, structural integrity of standing structures and other heritage attributes as found on the subject property and confirm if conservation, rehabilitation and/or restoration is feasible; o Outline a rationale of any proposals that might impact heritage resources (e.g., demolition, relocation, road widening, etc.) being put forward by a landowner or other party; o Outline and recommend appropriate mitigation to loss, destruction, removal, encroachments or others proposed actions that may impact heritage resources found on the subject property, as applicable; o Identify required short-term site conservation, site security and building stabilization measures as required to protect a significant resource during an interim period of vacancy or limited use;

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o Outline long-term conservation or rehabilitation measures and adaptive reuse options as applicable; and, o Recommend site planning and landscaping measures that may be adopted to help ensure significant heritage resources are effectively protected or enhanced on lands subject to redevelopment.

The HIA report should include the following: o Documentation of all standing heritage buildings and structures as found on the subject property noting all significant architectural heritage attributes; assess architectural integrity, rarity of style or form, structural alterations; architectural heritage attributes and significance including the builder and style of design and history of use; o Documentation of all natural and contextual heritage features and other cultural heritage attributes as found on the subject property; assess significance of these attributes; o Documentation of all historical heritage attributes associated with the subject property; document historical persons, groups, trends, themes and events that are historical or culturally associated with the subject property; o An outline of any proposed alterations, demolition, relocations, removals, land use developments or other site alterations; o A statement indicating how any proposed alterations, demolition, relocations, removals, land use developments or other site alterations might impact and affect the existing heritage resources, attributes and other character-defining element as found on the subject property; o Recommendations and description of appropriate mitigation plan. The preferred mitigation protocol(s) should be clearly articulated, described and justified; o High resolution digital images documenting all cultural heritage attributes as well as plans showing lot dimensions as well as the location/setbacks of all standing buildings, other structures and site features, also driveways, means of access and vegetation as found; o A clear rationale must be outlined and justified if a landowner or other party is proposing the relocation, removal, demolition or other significant alteration of heritage resources on the subject property, and the heritage consultant concurs. Every effort should be made to ensure retention, conservation and adaptive re-use of significant heritage resources in situ, particularly where contextual features remain; o If the subject property is adjacent to one or more listed or designated heritage properties, evaluate impacts and recommend appropriate mitigation to ensure the recognized heritage resources on the adjacent properties are not negatively impacted. Mitigation may include: vegetation screening, fencing, buffers, an architectural design concept for the massing and façade treatment of any proposed buildings to ensure compatibility with the adjoining property and the like; and, o Heritage impact assessment reports are to be submitted to the City of Brampton Planning, Design and Development Department and are subject to review by City staff.

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2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPERTY AND ITS CONTEXT

2.1 Location

The subject property is located on TRCA lands within the northern part of the Claireville Conservation Area on the south side of Queen Street East west of McVean Drive. It comprises part of the on the east half of Lot 5, Concession 8 ND, geographical township of Toronto Gore, City of Brampton.

2.2 Area Character and Physiography

The study area is located in the physiographic region known as the Peel Plain, characterized by a level-to-undulating topography and The West Branch of the Humber River. The Humber River is the largest watershed in the Toronto region. The underlying geological till material is covered with a clay soil veneer. At one time the area supported a hardwood forest cover that was removed during 19th century Euro-Canadian settlement period.

Figure 2.1: Location of 8712 Claireville Conservation Road in the City of Brampton [Source: Microsoft Virtual Earth 2009].

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-10 Page 5 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton

Several cultural heritage resources of significance have been identified within the Claireville Conservation Area. They include the Wiley Concrete Bowstring Bridge, the Alexander McVean barn, remnants of the McVean grist and saw mill, and former farmlands originally settled in the early 1800s. The McVean Barn and the Wiley Bridge have been municipally designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act. Gate posts and foundation remnants of the barn and farmhouse of the former Lawrence farmstead are located on the conservation lands west of The Gore Road and Highway 50 intersection. All that remains of a former Peachey Residence, identified as an historic resource in the Claireville Conservation Area Management Plan and located approximately a kilometre south of 8712 Claireville Conservation Road, is the foundation. A new structure has been built on the foundation.

2.3 Site Context

The Claireville Conservation Area is an 848-hectare (2,076-acre) parcel of land owned by the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA). Situated in the southeastern corner of the City of Brampton, it is stretches west from The Gore Road to just east of Goreway Drive south of Queen Street East and between McVean Road and Goreway Drive north of Queen Street East. The West Branch of the Humber River flows through the forested parkland, which contains a system of trails connecting several areas of special interest, the West Branch of the Humber River, numerous creeks, ravines, flat plains and rolling hills, wooded areas and significant natural and cultural heritage features. Recreational, tourist and educational facilities and programs are also located within the conservation lands. The Indian Line Campground is situated at the southern tip of the park. The Etobicoke Field Studies Centre is located in the southern corner of the conservation area, and the Claireville Ranch, which provides horse riding lessons, trail riding and other group activities, is in the northern corner.

The residence located at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road sits on a height of land on the south side of Queen Street to the east of the West Branch of the Humber River within the Claireville Conservation Area. Historically, it is associated with the Bland family who were early Toronto Gore Township settlers. Originally a driveway provided access to the property directly from Queen Street East to the residence. The current access is by a long, dirt track leading westward to the residence from the conservation area parking lot off Queen Street East. The surrounding land is in a natural state with open fields. The location of the residence is marked by a line of trees located on the north side at Queen Street East, and on the west side, at the top of the ridge overlooking the West Humber River valley. An overgrown track leads from the residence down into the valley of the West Branch of the Humber River. The residence at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road is the only building located on the south side of Queen Street East from Goreway Drive east to just west of Beaumaris Drive. On the north side of Queen Street East a modern residential development is situated on Ebenezer Lane to the west of McVean Drive. Queen Street East, which is a 4-lane arterial road, acts as a barrier between the rural lands and residential development on the north of the road.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report Page 6 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

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Figure 2.2. Aerial of site and buildings [Source: Microsoft Virtual Earth 2009].

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3.0 HISTORICAL SUMMARY

3.1 Toronto Gore Township

Nineteenth Century Development

The land survey of Toronto Gore Township was completed in 1819 with Alexander McVean being the first settler to arrive in the township. McVean had immigrated from Scotland to New York in 1817, and then moved to Upper Canada in 1818, acquiring land in the newly surveyed township of Toronto Gore. The McVeans settled on Lot 7, Concession 8 ND, and then in 1834 built a gristmill on Lot 5, Concession 8 ND on the West Branch of the Humber River. The mill was sold in 1845, and destroyed by fire in 1850. Since the water flow rate had decreased on the river by 1850, it was not rebuilt.1 John Bland settled on Lot 7, Concession 10 ND, Toronto Gore Township as early as 1835.

Soon after the settlement of the township began, Elisha Lawrence approached the government of Upper Canada with the purpose of obtaining a contract to build a road in Toronto Gore. He was awarded a contract to build a six mile long road, now known as The Gore Road, from the Indian Line (Highway 50) to the Parish of St. Patrick’s on the northern boundary of the township, now Wildfield. The road was to be cleared of all brush and trees, with no stumps higher than two feet so wagons could pass over them easily, and to have a centre crown to allow drainage to the sides. Lawrence partnered with Alexander McVean to complete the road in 1822.2

Early settlers built log dwellings and cleared patches of land for subsistence crops, and were responsible for clearing the survey road allowance along their property boundary. Land clearance in the township accelerated in the 1830s, and all of the township lots had been taken up by 1840, with a large number of the settlers being of Irish background. Initially Toronto Gore was united administratively with Chinguacousy Township; however, in 1831 it was separated into its own municipality and formed part of the West Riding in the Home District. In 1852 after the districts were abolished, the County of Peel was established as an independent governmental unit that included Toronto Gore Township.

The second development stage of land clearance in the township, and the creation of the 19th century agricultural landscape of Toronto Gore generally occurred between 1840- 1875. Smith’s Canadian Gazetteer (1846) describes Toronto Gore Township as being,

1 Heritage Report, Statement of Reason for Heritage Designation McVean Farm Site, McVean Drive, Claireville Conservation Area (Pt. Lot 7, Con 8, ND, Toronto Gore) November 2008; and Geo. S. Tavender, From This Year Hence 2nd rpt. (Toronto, 1984) 11. 2 Tavender, op. cit. 23-24.

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…a wedge-shaped township, of small size, with its base towards the township of Albion. It is watered by the branches of the River Humber, and contains some good land. It is well-settled, principally by Irish and Scotch, with a few Canadians; and a large portion of the township is under cultivation. There is one gristmill in the township. Population in 1842, 1,145.

The township developed from subsistence farming in the early 1800s to a wheat growing area in the mid-1800s. As the land was settled, small hamlets and villages were established at strategic locations along roads, near watercourses and farmsteads within the developing agricultural landscape to provide local services to the inhabitants. In 1848, there were 309 occupied homes with a total number of residents of 1683 people in Toronto Gore Township as well as two schools and three inns. The principal township occupation was farming, with others such as wagon makers, blacksmiths, innkeepers generally located in the hamlets and settlements.3

The Humber Post Office opened in 1842, and the hamlet of Claireville grew up around the postal station on the J.P. de la Haye property at the junction of Indian Line and Albion Road, and the intersection of Toronto Gore Township in Peel County and Etobicoke and Vaughan Townships in York County. Local citizenry formed the Albion Plank Road Company in 1845, and work on a plank road, which was to run from Weston to Claireville and then north on the Indian Line to Coleraine, began in 1846. Toll gates were built on the Indian Line at The Gore Road and 10th Sideroad.

The Census Return (1851) indicates that, for the most part, the dwellings in Toronto Gore Township were of log construction, with a few examples of brick, frame and stone construction. An economic boom associated with wheat production occurred in the mid 1850s creating prosperity in the farming community. Tremaine’s map (1859) depicts a settled landscape with the farmsteads generally established on the north-south concession roads. All of the surveyed concession roads and most of the sideroads were opened by the late 1850s.

Ten years later, as a reflection of the increasing prosperity in the Toronto Gore Township, the Census Return (1861) reveals an increase in the number of brick and frame dwellings, although log construction for farmhouses still prevailed. This change to more substantial and permanent construction materials for their homes marks a movement beyond the earlier subsistence farming to more well-established and prosperous farmsteads. More commodious and substantial barns were built on the farmsteads alongside the new farmhouses. The small communities continued to prosper as local service areas for the farming community with post offices, schools, churches and some commercial and industrial businesses.

3 Ibid, 161.

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Land transportation was slowly improved from the mid 19th century onwards. The Gore Road, the Indian Line and the Sixth Line were the earliest roads in Toronto Gore, generally because they avoided any steep hills and deep valleys. Sixth Line became one of the principal north-south roads for hauling grain and produce from the township to Lambton and Weston.4 The Etobicoke and Mono Sixth Line Company was incorporated in 1846 to improve the Sixth Line. The planking of the road was completed to Lot 7, Toronto Gore by the 1850s.5 The Albion Road Company was incorporated in 1846 to build a road from Weston to Claireville, and then north on Indian Line to Sideline 8 and west to Grahamsville. It was completed to Coleraine on the Indian Line. Many sideroads remained with mud or dirt surfaces throughout the 19th century. The Township Council replaced a ford with a bridge on Sideroad 5 (now Queen Street East) at the West Branch of the Humber River in 1857.6 As the township land was cleared for agriculture, flooding became a major problem. As a result of the flooding bridge building, repairs, and replacement became a major township expense after the 1850s. The railway also arrived in the township with the completion of the Grand Trunk Railway through its southern tip in the mid 1850s. This infrastructure development created better access to larger and more distant markets for local farmers.

Wheat was still the principal agricultural crop prior to 1870. Fall wheat planting predominated until the 1860s, and then spring wheat became more important. From the 1850s to the 1890s there was a consistent increase in the acreage of cultivated township land. The third development stage of the landscape extended from the mid 1870s into the mid 20th century. During this time, the landscape settled into a pattern of established farm complexes and field patterns and farm work began to be mechanized.

In the 1870s, farmers began to turn to higher cost cash crops and animal husbandry. Lynch’s Directory of the County of Peel (1873-74) describes Toronto Gore Township as a very small Township, containing the best farming land in the County. A few years later, the Illustrated Historical Atlas (1877) described Toronto Gore Township as follows.

The soil is generally of a loamy clay and is perhaps the richest in the county. The inhabitants are noted for their industry and thrift, and the land is in a high state of cultivation. There are no villages of any size in the township, but the country is thickly settled, and the inhabitants take great pride, not only in building fine commodious dwellings, but also in beautifying their grounds, giving the farms an appearance of comfort and taste…. the township is watered by the River Humber, but the stream is now largely utilized for manufacturing purposes. There being only a few grist and saw mills in the township. The Grand Trunk Railway runs through one corner of the township.

4 Ibid, 131, 132. 5 Ibid, 157. 6 Ibid, 164.

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Although the wheat economy of Peel County was replaced by the 1880s, agriculture in Toronto Gore Township adapted and continued to prosper to the end of the 19th century despite a population loss in Peel County in the second half. Family farms were retained and worked with increasing mechanization. Second and third generation improvements included wind breaks, fence lines, hedgerows and maintained road allowances. Buildings were improved with new and larger barns and farmhouses. Local roads and bridges were slowly improved. In 1896, the township attempted to surface the Claireville Sideroad and Sideroad 5 with gravel.7 In 1898, a steel bridge was built over the West Branch of the Humber River on Sideroad 5.

Twentieth Century Development:

Toronto Gore Township remained rural in use and character into the latter part of the 20th century. The agricultural economy was maintained throughout most of the twentieth century, and the existing landscape was sustained. Local roads were improved under the provincial Good Roads system in the early 1900s with the County of Peel taking over The Gore Road and macadamizing the surface. Stone was taken from the West Branch of the Humber and hauled to the road. The work was completed from the south end of the township to Lot 13 by 1914 and then abandoned due to cost.8 Although there was a demand for gravel roads in the 1920s due to the increase in motorized vehicles, it was not until the 1930s that all of the township roads were surfaced with gravel. In the late 1950s all of the roads were improved and graveled as all-weather roads.9 County Roads, including The Gore Road, were paved in the mid 20th century. The Province assumed Sideroad 5, now Queen Street East, in the late 1920s as part of Provincial Highway #7.

In 1952, Toronto Township annexed the southern Division of Toronto Gore Township, which included the airport lands. The loss of this township land lowered the population from 2013 people to 665 in 1953.10 Landscape changes as a result of urban transformation of township land began to take place in the 1960s in the south, and they accelerated in the latter years of the 20th century. Changes have continued to the present with the introduction of non-agricultural land uses, residential suburban development into the landscape and modern improvements to roads and bridges. With development, farmland declined in use and family farmsteads began to change ownership more regularly, with tenant farming increasing. More farmhouses, barns, silos and outbuildings were abandoned and/or demolished. By the beginning of the 21st century, much of the agricultural landscape below Castlemore Road had been replaced with suburban development. The small township communities declined as local service centres in the 20th century as transportation and roads improved providing easy access to the larger centres of Brampton, Mississauga and Toronto.

7 Ibid, 159. 8 Ibid, 160. 9 Ibid. 10 Ibid, 154.

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In 1946, the Province of Ontario enacted the Conservation Authorities Act, permitting municipalities in a watershed (or watersheds) to form a Conservation Authority to conserve and manage natural resources. The Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (MTRCA) was formed, replacing four smaller authorities in 1957. As a result of Hurricane Hazel, which occurred on October 15, 1954, and inflicted major damage along the waterways of the Humber River and other rivers in the Toronto area, the MTRCA began acquiring land along the Humber River in Toronto Gore Township in the Claireville area in the late 1950s. The intention was to construct a flood control dam and reservoir on the waterway. The Claireville Conservation Area became the largest tract of land owned by the MTRCA. The Claireville Dam and Reservoir opened in September 1964. The Claireville Conservation Area was opened on June 20, 1970, the Claireville Tourist Campground in 1973, and the Claireville Ranch in 1984.11 Bill 148 amended the Conservation Authorities Act changing the name of MTRCA to the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA), reflecting the amalgamation of the former cities and borough within Metropolitan Toronto, in December of 1997.

On January 1, 1974, Township of Toronto Gore ceased to exist as a municipal entity when it was amalgamated into the new City of Brampton as part of the creation of the Regional Municipality of Peel.

In 1999, the Humber River watershed was recognized federally and designated as a Canadian Heritage River.

3.2 Lot 5, Concession 8 ND, Toronto Gore Township

Land records indicate William Proudfoot received the Crown Patent for the entire 200 acres of land on Lot 5, Concession 8 ND, Toronto Gore Township in December 1838. He sold the northeast half to John Bland in June 1847, as well as another parcel of land on Lot 5 in February 1856. John Bland had sold a small section comprising 4 acres of land in the “eastern angle” of Lot 5 to his son Thomas W. Bland in 1855. Thomas W. Bland sold the 4-acre property back to John Bland in June 1860, and in 1861, William Proudfoot sold another 3 acres of land, more or less, on Lot 5, Concession 8 ND to Thomas W. Bland for £100.

Perkins Bull provides biographical information on John Bland Senior. He was born in 1791 in Yorkshire, England and married Ann Walker, who was born in 1789 in England.12 The Blands and their five children immigrated to Upper Canada c1835 and settled on the north section of Lot 7, Concession 10 ND, Toronto Gore Township in the same year. 13 Their five surviving children included Elizabeth, John, George, Ann Isabella and Thomas Walker Bland. The Bland children married into local and prominent Toronto Gore settlement families including the Cole, Dolson, Wiley and Ford families.

11 Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. About TRCA, Our Milestones. 12 AO, William Perkins Bull Collection, Family History, Bland MS 515(6). 13 Tavender, op. cit., 38.

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The Toronto & Home District Directory (1837) notes John Bland was located on Lot 7, Concession 9 ND. John Bland Senior proceeded to accumulate farmland throughout Gore Township over the years, eventually owning 300 acres on Lots 5, 7 and 10, Concession 8 ND and 67 acres on Lot 6, Concession 8 ND.14 In the early years of the township history Bland served his community as clerk (1846-1850s), treasurer and as a member of the Toronto Gore Township Council (1859) and the Gore Council.15 He was also a member of St. John’s Church located in Castlemore, and donated money towards its construction.16

The Census Return (1851) notes 17-year old Thomas Walker Bland lived with his parents John and Anne Bland, two siblings George and Anne, and a labourer named Thomas Bland in a log house. Tremaine’s map (1859) shows Thomas W. Bland as the owner of the east half of Lot 5, Concession 8 ND with two houses situated on the east half of the lot, one in the northeast corner and a second in the northwest corner of the property, as well as land on Lot 6, Concession 8 ND (Appendix C). Thomas Walker Bland was born in England in 1835 and immigrated with his parents John and Ann Bland to Upper Canada as an infant. He married twice, first to Sarah Fletcher in the mid 1850s, and then to Ellen Davies c1864. Thomas W. and Sarah Bland had one daughter Sarah Catherine (born c1858). Sarah Bland died c1858. The Census Return (1861) notes Walker Bland [Thomas Walker] as a 26-year old widower and farmer who lived with his 3-year old daughter Sarah in a log house. He owned 166 acres of land in Lots 5 and 6, Concession 8 ND, with a value of $10,000.00.

Thomas Bland and his second wife Ellen Davies had seven children—Ellen Ann (b. 1862), Thomas Walker (b. 1863), John (b. 1864), Frederic William (b. 1866), George Edward (b. 1874), Franklyn [Frank] Davies (b. 1875) and Gordon S. Bland (b. 1878).17 The Census Return (1871) notes Thomas Walker Bland lived with his wife Ellen and three sons—6-year-old John, 2-year old Thomas Walker and 1-month-old Frederic William. Bland owned 3 acres of land on Lot 5, Concession 8 ND with one house.

Figure 3.1 John Bland Property, Lot 5, Concession 8 ND, Toronto Gore Township [Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Peel, 1877].

14 Tavender, 28; and AO, William Perkins Bull Collection, Family History, Bland MS 515(6). 15 Tavender, 147; and AO, William Perkins Bull Collection, Family History, Bland MS 515(6). 16 AO, William Perkins Bull Collection, Family History, Bland MS 515(6). 17 Birth dates estimated from Census Returns 1871 and 1881.

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Lynch’s Directory of the County of Peel (1873-74) notes Thomas Bland as the owner of Lot 5, Concession 8 ND, while George and John Bland Sr. were located on Lot 7, Concession 9 ND, and John Bland Jr. was situated on Lot 9, Concession 8 ND, all in Toronto Gore Township. The Illustrated Historical Atlas (1877) shows John Bland18 as the owner of the east half of Lot 5, Concession 8 ND with an earlier house and orchard in the northeast corner of Lot 5 (Appendix C). The Atlas patron’s directory does not include Thomas Bland; however, John Bland was noted on Lot 9, Concession 8 ND, and George Bland was on Lot 7, Concession 10 ND.

John Bland Senior died in 1878. Land records note his last will and testament was registered on title on June 29, 1878. Under the terms of his will, his wife Ann Walker Bland received the dwelling house on Lot 7, Concession 9 ND, Toronto Gore Township, as well as the household chattels. His son John Bland Jr. received fifty acres of land, more or less, in Lot 5, Concession 8 ND. His grandson John Bland, who was the son of Thomas Walker Bland, was to receive all of the land that John Bland Sr. owned in Lot 5, Concession 8 ND when he reached the age of twenty-one years, subject to annuities and other payments. The other sons of T.W. Bland received land in Lot 6, Concession 8 ND.

Land records show J.W. Bland [T.W. Bland]19 sold part of Lot 5, Concession 8 ND to Johnston Kennedy in May 1880 for $300.00, and Kennedy resold the land to Ellen Bland for $300.00 with the property title for both transactions registered on October 26, 1881. T. W. Bland had died in 1881.20 Township assessment rolls indicate Ellen Bland, widow of Thomas W. Bland, was a tenant of “Ellen Bland’s Family” on 171 acres of land on Lots 5 and 6, Concession 8 ND from the early 1880s into the early 1890s. The Census Return (1891) records 46-year old widow Ellen Bland and her seven children— John, T.W., Frederick, George, Franklyn, George and Ellen—as the occupants of a two storey, 5-room wood house. By the late 1890s, Ellen’s eldest son John was assessed as the freeholder of 100 acres of land on the east half of Lot 5, Concession 8 ND with a real estate value of $3800.00. As well, he was a tenant on 70 acres of the west half of Lot 5, Concession 8 ND. Ellen Bland appears to have been located on the 3- acre parcel of land on Lot 5, Concession 8 ND by this time. By 1899, the assessment rolls show John Bland as the freeholder of 100 acres of land on the east half and 73 acres on the west half of Lot 5, Concession 8 ND.

John Bland, son of T.W. and Ellen Bland, married Mary Clark in the late 1890s. The Census Return (1901) notes John and Mary Bland and their daughter 1-year old Ellen E., and John’s siblings Thomas W., Gordon S., and Ellen A. Bland lived together in a four {?] room, wood house, possibly the same wood house occupied by the Bland family in 1891. In 1901, John Bland owned a total of 235 acres of land on Lots 5 and 6, Concession 8 ND, as well as three houses and four barns. Ten years later the Census

18 Map ownership is probably John Bland Sr.; however, it could also be John Bland Jr. who acquired ownership of the Lot 5, Concession 8 ND lands in 1878. 19 Land abstract indicates J.W. Bland, but probably a typographical error and should be T.W. Bland. 20 Archives of Ontario, William Perkins Bull Collection, Family History, Bland, MS 515(6).

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Return (1911) records John and Mary Bland and three daughters—11-year old Ellen E., 9-year old Mary C., and 6-year old Katie Clair Bland— and a labourer as a single Toronto Gore household. John Bland built the present, two storey, brick house located at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road in 1915. A handwritten note is inscribed on the exterior brick of the house, and it states “John Bland Jr. laid this brick July 1st 1915”.

According to his obituary in the Peel Gazette, John Bland died in his 75th year at his home on Lot 5, Concession 8 ND, where he was born, on December 28, 1938. He was survived by his wife Mary Clark, his three daughters, Mrs. Herbert Spence and Misses Mary and Katie at home, as well as grandchildren, sisters and brothers. Bland was described as a charter member of the Claireville Lodge of the Chosen Friends, a Conservative in politics, and a Warden at St. John’s Anglican Church, Castlemore. The funeral was held on Saturday, December 31, 1938, and he was buried in St. John’s Church Cemetery.21

Land records show the estate of the late John Bland sold 175 acres of land, more or less, with the exception of the southwest quarter of the west half of Lot 5, Concession 8 ND to Henry Robinson in November 3, 1939. Henry Robinson was from a local farming family that had settled in Toronto Gore Township in the 19th century. His parents, George and Lavina Robinson, had moved to a farmstead on Lot 8, Concession 9 ND in 1887. Their son Henry Robinson married Adeline Gowland. Henry Robinson became a large landowner in Toronto Gore, eventually owning 535 acres of land.22 He died in August 1962. Land records show the Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Authority registered Expropriation Plan, No. 5570, for 137.701 acres of land owned by Henry Robinson in October 1963. An agreement between the executors of the Henry Robinson Estate and MTRCA was executed in December 1967, and registered on property title in May 1968. The agreement included part the 137.701 acres in the east half of the west half, 10.555 acres in the west half, and 24.74 acres of land in the east half of Plan 5570 as well as other land. The TRCA is the current owner and the former Bland/Robinson property in the east half of Lot 5, Concession 8 ND, now part of the Claireville Conservation Area.

4.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE EVALUATION

Unterman McPhail Associates undertook a site visit to inspect the exterior of the residence at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road in December 2008. A second site visit was conducted to inspect the interior of the residence in February 2009.

The early 20th century residence at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road is the principal built heritage resource on-site. This section provides an evaluation of heritage value for

21 Peel Gazette, December 29, 1938, Obituary—John Bland. Found in William Perkins Bull Collection, Family History, Bland MS 515(6). 22 Tavender, op. cit. 123-124.

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the residence using the criteria of Design/Physical Value, Historical and Associative Value, and Contextual Value established by Regulation 9/06 under the Ontario Heritage Act (Appendix D). The property is not listed on the City of Brampton Register of Heritage Properties.

Photographs of the residence and the cultural heritage landscape are contained in Appendices A and B of this report.

4.1 Design/Physical Value

This vernacular, 2-storey, brick residence was built in 1915. It is considered to be of design or physical value because it is displays craftsmanship in its design execution, retains its architectural integrity, and is not significantly altered from the original design, plan and materials on the exterior or interior. The placement of the two, two storey porch/sunrooms in the southwest and southeast corners of the building is a noteworthy as a design feature.

Figure 4.1. East (front) elevation of residence at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road.

Exterior

The exterior measurements of the residence are approximately 28-ft. 1-in. by 40-ft. 2-in. The building sits on a poured concrete foundation wall measuring 2-ft. 4-in. high. The exterior of the foundation wall is parged with evidence of a raised mortar line to imitate an ashlar stone pattern on the front (east), west and north elevations. The front gable roof runs east to west with pediments above the horizontal cornice on each end. It is currently clad in modern siding. The eaves and soffits, which were probably tongue and groove board, have been reclad in modern siding. The exterior red brick, which measures 3 3 approximately 8 /8-in. long by 4-in. deep and 2 /8-in. high, is laid in a common bond with a row of headers then five rows of stretchers and a row of headers. The mortar is a scribed ribbon joint with a pinkish tint. The window and door openings have concrete lintels and sills.

The front (east) elevation features a forward projecting two storey bay on the north end with a single window opening with a transom on the ground floor and a single window opening above. The porch on the southeast corner provides access to the main entrance door. There is a single window opening to the south of the entrance door. The original porch balustrade and stairs have been replaced. The second floor over the entrance porch

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consists of an enclosed sun porch with a grouping of five, double hung window sash. A two storey brick column located on the southeast corner of the porch and building supports the upper floor. The front gable is presently clad in modern metal siding, and has a double window in the peak providing light to the attic.

The second floor sun porches in the southeast and southwest corners dominate the south elevation. The southeast porch has triple window openings. The southwest is not enclosed. The garage obscures the ground floor sun porch in the southwest corner. There is a large triple window opening in the middle of the ground floor elevation and a small window to the west to light the interior staircase. A single window opening is located above the triple window, and a basement window below. The foundation is parged. The garage is a one storey, hip roof frame structure with clapboard siding connected to the house by an enclosed passageway.

The ground floor of the west elevation contains the enclosed sun porch in the southwest corner and a single window opening on the north end. A single basement window is located below the ground floor opening and a single second floor opening immediately above. A projecting chimneystack is located in the centre of the elevation, extending from the peak to midway on the ground floor. The gable end has a double window opening.

The north elevation has three basement window openings, two to the east end and one on the west end. A projecting chimneystack runs up the centre of the elevation. To the east of the chimney stack there is a triple window on the ground floor and a single window opening on the second floor; the west end has a smaller ground floor window opening with an identical sized opening directly above on the second floor. A gable dormer with a paired window projects from the roof.

Interior

The main entrance leads directly into a living room in the southeast corner of the ground floor. A dining room with a window on the north wall is accessed through an archway on the north side of the room. A doorway in the southeast corner of the dining room leads to a single room, use unknown but possibly a bedroom, with a single window on the east wall. The window has a transom light and a large single pane below. A door in the northwest corner of the living room leads to the kitchen in the northwest corner of the ground floor. A doorway on the south wall of the kitchen leads to an enclosed sunroom in the southwest corner of the ground floor. An exit door to the garage is located in the southeast corner of the porch. An enclosed staircase is located along the west wall of the living room; an entrance to the second floor is situated in the southwest corner of the living room. The entrance to the basement staircase is placed under the second floor staircase in the southeast corner of the kitchen.

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The staircase to the second floor leads into a central hall that opens into four bedrooms and a bathroom. The bedrooms are located on the north and south side of the central hall and in the northeast corner and northwest corner of the building. The bathroom is situated on the north side of the hall between the north bedroom and the northwest bedroom. Access to the enclosed sun room in the southeast corner is through the south bedroom while access to the southwest open porch is thorough the northwest bedroom. A staircase to the attic is located in the southwest corner of the south bedroom. The attic space was inaccessible at the time of the on-site survey.

For the most part, original interior door and window trim, doors and baseboard are still extant throughout the ground and second floors. The plain window and door trim on the sides is typical of the early 20th century. The top trim over the openings has a small architrave detail. The solid wood doors are generally five panels for the bedrooms and closets. The doors to the sunrooms, second floor porch and attic stairs have upper glazing and three vertical panels below. The doors measure 2-ft. 6-in. or 2-ft. 5-in. by 6-ft. 5-in. The plain baseboard throughout the interior measures 8-in. high. The kitchen has wood wainscoting on the walls.

The basement, which extends under the entire building, is generally an open space with the exception of cold cellar in the northeast corner under the front projecting bay, which is separated from the main area by a brick partition wall. The basement contains a furnace and laundry space located along the west wall.

4.2 Historical and Associative Value

The residence is considered to be of historical and associative value. The subject property has associations with the Bland family and has the potential to provide information that contributes to an understanding of the rural development of the former Toronto Gore Township. The existing brick residence illustrates the early 20th century evolution of the property. Members of the John Bland family owned land in Lot 5, Concession 8 ND. Toronto Gore Township, for over 100 years, from 1847 to 1938. The Blands, who were an early 19th century settlement family, developed the land for agricultural purposes. There were two earlier residences on the Bland property by the 1850s. John Bland, son of Thomas Walker Bland and grandson of John Bland Sr., built present brick residence on the property in 1915.

4.3 Contextual Value

The residence is considered to be of contextual value. Visually and historically it is linked to its surroundings and has landmark qualities. The area character is rural, and the early 20th century residence is important in supporting this character. The residence is located in the TRCA lands known as the Claireville Conservation Area. It is situated on the south side of Queen Street, on a height on a land to the east of the West Branch of the Humber River. The residence is clearly visible across the river valley during most

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seasons of the year when traveling eastward on Queen Street East. The surrounding tree line is clearly visible in all seasons. Originally the site was accessed by a driveway from Queen Street East. The current access is by a long driveway from the north entrance parking lot to the conservation area trails off Queen Street East. The surrounding land is in a natural state with open fields. The location of the residence is marked by a line of trees on the north side on Queen Street East, and on the west side at the top of the ridge overlooking the West Humber River valley. A tree line also marks a former track from the residence on the hill down into the river valley.

There are no other buildings on the south side of Queen Street from the West Branch of the Humber River to The Gore Road. Queen Street East, which is a 4-lane arterial road, acts as a barrier between the rural lands and residential development to the north of the site on Ebenezer Lane.

4.4 Summary of Cultural Heritage Values

The brick residence built by John Bland in 1915 and located at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road, City of Brampton, meets the criteria for determining cultural heritage value or interest under the Ontario Regulation 9/06 (Appendix D). It is considered to be of local heritage interest and/or value for design/physical, historical and contextual reasons, and is worthy of consideration for municipal listing and/or designation.

Notable heritage attributes of the residence include, but are not limited to: o the overall massing and design including the incorporation of two, two storey sun porches on the southeast and southwest corners; o window openings both paired and groupings of three with flat concrete lintels and concrete sills; o simulated ashlar pattern on the parged concrete foundation; o pencil inscription by John Bland on brickwork of west elevation in south corner; and, o original early 20th century interior door and window trim, solid wood doors with five panels, doors with upper glazing and three vertical panels on lower section, door locks and door knobs and kitchen wainscotting.

4.5 Heritage Status of Adjacent Properties and Landscape Elements

The Humber River watershed in the vicinity of the subject site, but not the West Branch, has been recognized as a Canadian Heritage River. The Claireville Conservation lands include one (1) designated property and two (2) listed properties. They are: o McVean Barn on McVean Drive, Part Lot 7, Concession 8 ND is a municipally designated property. The property is linked geographically, historical and contextually to the McVean saw and grist mills site located on nearby Lot 5,

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Concession 8 ND. It is believed the unmarked grave site of Alexander McVean Jr. may be located on the property.23 o The open flume canal associated with the early 19th century McVean Grist Mill is listed as a Class A property on the City of Brampton Inventory of Heritage Properties. The mill site located within the Claireville Conservation Area on the West Branch of the Humber River. This was one of the first grist and saw mills in the area, and while the actual mill site is now thought to be beneath what is now Queen Street, parts the head race to the mill has been located and is still clearly visible on the property. o The Wiley Bowstring Bridge located on the Claireville TRCA lands is listed as a Class A structure on the City of Brampton Inventory of Heritage Properties. The structure is located within the Claireville Conservation Area on the West Humber River.

Gate posts, remnants of the former Lawrence farmstead on conservation lands west of The Gore Road at Highway 50, have been identified recently by the TRCA as being of cultural heritage significance. All that remains of the Peachey Residence, identified as an historic resource in the Claireville Conservation Area Management Plan, is the original foundation. A new structure has been built on top of the foundation.

5.0 DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL

The TRCA is exploring the possibility of removing the residence from its site at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road within the conservation area lands and potentially return the site to a natural state as part of the management goals of the Claireville Conservation Area Management Plan (1997). A land survey of the property was not provided by the TRCA.

The proposed removal of this residence, a character-defining resource, will alter the historical context of the former agricultural land and remove a visual landmark in this area of Queen Street East.

It is not anticipated the cultural heritage resources noted in Section 4.5 will be directly affected by the disposition of the brick residence located at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road.

23 Heritage Report, Statement of Reason for Heritage Designation McVean Farm Site, McVean Drive, Claireville Conservation Area (Pt. Lot 7, Con 8, ND, Toronto Gore) November 2008.

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6.0 HERITAGE POLICIES

6.1 The Planning Act and Provincial Policy Statement (2005)

Section 2 of the Planning Act identifies “matters of provincial interest, which includes the conservation of significant features of architectural, cultural, historical, archaeological or scientific interest.” (Heritage Resources in the Land Use Planning Process).

Section 3 of the Planning Act enables the Province to issue Policy Statements on matters of Provincial Interest. The Provincial Policy Statement (2005) (PPS) issued under the Act applies to this proposal. Section 2.6 of the PPS deals with Cultural Heritage and Archaeology. Policy 2.6.1 of the PPS states:

Significant built heritage resources and significant cultural heritage landscapes shall be conserved.

The PPS offers the following definitions.

Significant means in regard to cultural heritage and archaeology, resources that are valued for the important contribution they make to our understanding of the history of a place, an event, or a people;

Built heritage resources means one or more significant buildings, structures, monuments, installations or remains associated with architectural, cultural, social political, economic or military history and identified as being important to a community. These resources may be identified through designation or heritage conservation easement under the Ontario Heritage Act, or listed by local, provincial or federal jurisdictions;

Cultural heritage landscape means a defined geographical area of heritage significance that has been modified by human activities and is valued by the community. It involves a grouping(s) of individual heritage features such as structures, spaces, archaeological sites and natural elements, which together form a significant type of heritage form distinctive from that of its constituent elements or parts. Examples may included, but are not limited to, heritage conservation districts, designated under the Ontario Heritage Act; and villages, parks, gardens, battlefields, main streets and neighbourhoods, cemeteries, trailways and industrial complexes of cultural heritage value; and

Conserved means the identification, protection, use and/or management of cultural heritage and archaeological resources in such a way that their heritage values, attributes and integrity are retained. This may be addressed through a conservation plan or HIA.

The PPS also deals with development adjacent to a protected heritage property in policy 2.6.3:

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Development and site alteration may be permitted on adjacent lands to protected heritage property where the proposed development and site alteration has been evaluated and it has been demonstrated that the heritage attributes of the protected heritage property will be conserved.

For the purpose of a development application each of the italicized terms has the following definition in the PPS:

Development means the creation of a new lot, a change in land use, or the construction of buildings and structures, requiring approval under the Planning Act ..;

Site alteration means activities, such as grading, excavation and the placement of fill that would change the landform and natural vegetative characteristics of a site;

Adjacent lands means for the purposes of policy 2.6.3, those lands contiguous to a protected heritage property or as otherwise defined in the municipal official plan;

Protected heritage property means real property designated under Part IV, V or VI of the Ontario Heritage Act; Heritage attributes means the principal features, characteristics, context and appearance that contribute to the cultural heritage significance of a protected heritage property; and,

The Provincial Policy Statement, 2005 issued under the authority of the Planning Act defines 'conserved' as:

“…the identification, protection, use and/or management of cultural heritage and archaeological resources in such a way that their heritage values, attributes and integrity are retained. This may be addressed through a conservation plan or heritage impact assessment."

The MCL Ontario Heritage Toolkit is a series of guides that explain different aspects the Ontario Heritage Act, the Planning Act, the Historic Places Initiative, and related programs. It states to conserve a cultural heritage resource, a municipality or approval authority may require an HIA and/or a conservation plan to guide the approval, modification, or denial of a proposed development or site alteration that affects a cultural heritage resource to make informed decisions about the conservation of a potentially significant cultural heritage resource.

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6.2 Ontario Heritage Act (OHA)

The Ontario Heritage Act (OHA) gives the Ministry of Culture the responsibility for the conservation, protection and preservation of Ontario’s culture heritage resources. Section 2 of the OHA charges the Minister with the responsibility to,

“...determine policies, priorities and programs for the conservation, protection and preservation of the heritage of Ontario.”

The Ministry of Culture describes heritage buildings and structures, cultural heritage landscapes and archaeological resources as cultural heritage resources. Since cultural heritage resources may be impacted adversely by both public and private land development, it is incumbent upon planning and approval authorities to consider heritage resources when making planning decisions.

Part IV of the OHA enables municipalities to list and to designate properties of cultural value or interest after consultation with its heritage advisory committee, if one is appointed. Section 27 of the Act requires the clerk of every municipality to keep a register of properties of cultural heritage value or interest in the municipality. As of 2005 the OHA subsection 27 (1.2) also allows a property that is not designated, but considered to be of cultural heritage interest or value by the municipal council, to be placed on the register. This is commonly referred to as “listing”. In many cases, listed (non-designated properties) are candidates for designation protection under OHA section 29. Once a property is listed under the OHA, any application to demolish the building on a listed property is delayed or 60 days under OHA 27(3).

The Provincial Government has established criteria for determining the cultural heritage value or interest of properties through Regulation 9/06. Heritage attributes, in relation to a property, are defined in the OHA as the attributes of the property that cause it to have cultural heritage value or interest.

6.3 Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA)

Two documents published by the TRCA are applicable to the subject property at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road within the Claireville Conservation Area.

Humber River—State of the Watershed Report—Cultural Heritage (2008)

Section 2.0 of this TRCA publication states,

…the identification and documentation of archaeological and architectural resources is a critical first step towards developing an understanding and appreciation of the cultural ecology of an area…The archaeological evidence and architectural resources that remain in the landscape are fragile and non-renewable resources.

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The TRCA has created a Humber River Watershed Heritage Study Database and heritage inventory that is updated by staff through visual inspection. The residence at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road is not listed on the data base. Appendix A of the report provides a definition of Cultural Heritage Resources. “Architectural resources” are defined as,

Buildings, structures, or remains built by people which reveal some broad architectural, cultural, social, political, economic or military patterns of Ontario’s Euro-Canadian history. These would include resources such as: individual buildings; groups of buildings; historical settlements; foundations, cemeteries, barns and other outbuildings; fences; bridges, etc. Architectural Resources of outstanding historical or architectural character can be protected under the Ontario Heritage Act by being Designated. This procedure requires the passing of a By-law by the local municipal government. Architectural Resources considered as potential or candidates for this protective measure are defined as Listed.

Claireville Conservation Area Management Plan

The TRCA produced the report Claireville Conservation Area Management Plan (February 28, 1997), which is currently under revision. Section 7.2.1 Culture and Heritage of this report notes a number of heritage sites within Claireville, namely, the McVean Barn, the Robinson Farm House [8712 Claireville Conservation Road], the concrete bridge [Wiley Bridge] and the Peachy Residence. The 1997 report notes the resources are not listed by the City of Brampton. Subsequently the McVean Barn and the Wiley Bridge were municipally designated. Section 7.2.1 states that in consultation with the heritage community, recommendations for the management of the noted properties should be determined by the TRCA.

The Claireville Conservation Area Management Plan places the Robinson Residence— referred to as the Bland Residence in this report—at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road within a Primary Restoration management zone. This zone is to evolve into Nature Reserve or Natural Environment. No other permitted land uses. Section 8 of the Claireville Conservation Area Management Plan defines Primary Restoration Zones as priority areas within Claireville where the health and diversity of the Area could be enhanced through environmental restoration, such as establishing buffers and creating terrestrial linkages. The zones include valley and stream corridors and tablelands. Primary Restoration Zones are found within each of the other management zones, including the Public Use, Public Use/Commercial and the Commercial Office Use Zones, where lands will be restored to act as a buffer to adjacent natural lands.

Section 9.3.1 Historic Resource Management of the Claireville Conservation Area Management Plan states that historic resources will be managed subject to the following guidelines: o Heritage sites will be recognized as important cultural resources.

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o Heritage sites and their relationship with the environment will be identified and documented. o Heritage sites will be protected and conserved. o Efforts to raise awareness of the value that heritage sites contribute to recreational and environmental resources will be undertaken. o Wherever possible, when the Primary Restoration Zone includes historic resources, heritage themes will be included in the restoration plan.

6.4 City of Brampton Official Plan

The new City of Brampton Official Plan (2006) begins its description of heritage policies with a statement of objectives, which reads in part:

It is the objective of the cultural heritage resource policies to:

a) conserve the cultural heritage resources of the City for the enjoyment of existing and future generations;

b) preserve, restore and rehabilitate structures, buildings or sites deemed to have significant historic, archaeological, architectural or cultural significance and, preserve cultural heritage landscapes; including significant public views and,

c) promote public awareness of Brampton’s heritage and involve the public in heritage resource decisions affecting the municipality.

In compliance with the Official Plan policy 4.9.1.10, the City of Brampton is seeking to conserve and protect its heritage resources:

A Heritage Impact Assessment, prepared by qualified heritage conservation professional, shall be required for any proposed alteration, construction, or development involving or adjacent to a designated heritage resource to demonstrate that the heritage property and its heritage attributes are not adversely affected. Mitigation measures and/or alternative development approaches shall be required as part of the approval conditions to ameliorate any potential adverse impacts that may be caused to the designated heritage resources and their heritage attributes.

The City of Brampton requirements for a Heritage Impact Statement are contained in Section 1.0 of this report.

Policy 4.9.9.2 (ii) of the Official Plan, states:

Requiring the preparation of a Heritage Impact Assessment for development proposals and other land use planning proposals that may potentially affect a designated or significant heritage resource or Heritage Conservation District;

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7.0 HERITAGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 Introduction

The 2 storey brick residence built by John Bland in 1915 and located at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road, City of Brampton, meets the criteria for heritage listing and/or designation under the Ontario Regulation 9/06, OHA and is considered to be of local heritage interest and/or value.

Development should not adversely affect cultural heritage resources and intervention should be managed in such a way that its impact is sympathetic with the value of the resources. When the nature of the undertaking is such that adverse impacts are unavoidable it may be necessary to implement management or mitigation strategies that alleviate the deleterious effects to cultural heritage resources. Mitigation measures lessen or negate anticipated adverse impacts to cultural heritage resources. These measures may include such actions as avoidance, monitoring, protection, relocation documentation, salvage, remedial landscaping, etc., and may be a temporary or permanent action. The principal philosophy in the protection of culturally significant heritage features is to preserve in-situ the historic structural and material integrity to the maximum extent possible, consistent with public safety. The following conservation options, listed in descending order of preference, should be considered within the context of the project: 1. Retention of the existing residence in-situ. 2. Relocation of the existing residence in a new location on its current site. 3. Relocation of the existing residence to an appropriate new site nearby. 4. Salvage of elements for incorporation into existing historic or new structures. 5. Full recording and documentation of the structure if it is to be demolished.

7.2 City of Brampton Mitigation Protocols for Heritage Impact Assessments

The City of Brampton states certain mitigation protocols can be identified during an HIA for implementation at key stages in the planning review and approval process. A mitigation plan is tailored to the unique conditions and cultural heritage value of a given property. The following list represents a summary of the more common types of mitigation measures to be considered for HIAs: o Alternative development approaches to conserve and enhance a significant heritage resource; o Avoidance protocols to isolating development and land alterations to minimize impacts on significant built and natural features and vistas; o Architectural design guidelines for buildings on adjacent and nearby lots to help integrate and harmonize mass, setback, setting, and materials; o Limiting height and density of buildings on adjacent and nearby lots; o Ensuring compatible lotting patterns, situating parks and storm water ponds near a heritage resource; o Allowing only compatible infill and additions;

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o Preparation of conservation, restoration or adaptive reuse plans as necessary; o Vegetation buffer zones, tree planting, site plan control and other planning mechanisms; o Heritage Designation, Heritage Conservation Easement; o Preparation of security plan, letter of credit to help ensure security and protection of heritage resources; o Encouraging interim tenant occupancy to help ensure security and protection of heritage resources; o In certain, rare instances permitting relocation of built heritage resources within the subject parcel, to nearby lands or to other parts of the City to better accommodate conservation and adaptive reuse; o In instances were retention may not be possible, partial salvage, documentation through measured drawings and high-resolution digital photographs, historical plaquing and the like, may be appropriate.

7.3 Mitigation Recommendations

The early 20th century, rural residence located at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road is vernacular in style. The following mitigation recommendations are based on the principal philosophy of protecting culturally significant heritage resources in-situ, if possible, and the City of Brampton mitigation protocol cited in subsection 7.2. The mitigation recommendations for the residence include: o Immediate municipal listing of the residence by the City of Brampton; o Consideration of municipal heritage designation by the City of Brampton; o Preparation of conservation, restoration or adaptive reuse plans, as necessary, if the buildings are to be retained in situ and municipally listed and/or designated; o Preparation of security plan, letter of credit to help ensure security and protection of heritage resources if to be retained in situ; o Consideration of relocation of the residence to a site near its present location within the Claireville Conservation Area, to nearby lands, or to other parts of the City if municipal listing and/or designation is considered in order to better accommodate conservation and adaptive reuse; o If retention of the residence is not considered feasible, a documentation report containing measured drawings, a high-resolution digital photographs and photo key plans will be completed, as deemed necessary. Salvage recommendations shall form part of the documentation report; and, o An interpretive plaque commemorating the history of the Bland family and their connection to the property and their contributions to the former Toronto Gore Township should be prepared and installed near the residence, if retained and/or demolished, preferably near the subject site, possibly in the north parking lot of the Claireville Conservation Area.

The TRCA will consult with the City of Brampton in regard to mitigation actions. An archaeological assessment of the subject site should be completed before any demolition or removal of the residence occurs.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-32 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

SOURCES CONSULTED

Archives of Ontario. Census Returns, Toronto Gore Township, 1851, 1861, 1871, 1881, 1891, 1901 and 1911. Township of Toronto Gore Assessment Rolls 1878-1899 William Perkins Bull Collection, Family History, Bland MS 515(6).

Chapman. L.J. and Putnam, D.F. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. 3rd edition. Ministry of Natural Resources, 1984.

City of Brampton. Brampton Official Plan (2006) “Guidelines for Preparing Heritage Impact Assessment”, July 2008. Register of Heritage Properties Ontario Heritage Act, April 2, 2009. Heritage Report, Statement of Reason for Heritage Designation McVean Farm Site, McVean Drive, Claireville Conservation Area (Pt. Lot 7, Con. 8, ND, Toronto Gore) November 2008.

A History of Peel County: To Mark its Centenary as a Separate County 1867-1967. The Corporation of the County of Peel, November 1967.

Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Peel, Ont. Toronto: Walker & Miles, 1877.

Lynch, John. Directory of the County of Peel for 1873-74. Brampton: 1874.

McIlwraith, Thomas E. Looking for Old Ontario. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.

Ontario Heritage Act. R.S.O. Chapter 0.18.

Ontario Heritage Act Regulation 9/06: Criteria for Determining Cultural Heritage Value or Interest, January 25, 2006.

Ontario Ministry of Culture. Heritage Resources in the Land Use Planning Process, Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto, 2006.

Ontario Ministry of Culture. Info Sheets. Cultural Landscapes in Ontario. November 27, 2007. Eight Guiding Principles in the Conservation of Built Heritage Properties. Spring 2007. Listing Cultural Heritage Properties on the Municipal Register. Spring 2007. Heritage Conservation Principles for Land Use Planning. Spring 2007.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-33 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing. Provincial Policy Statement 2005. Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Toronto, 2005.

Smith, Wm. H. Smith’s Canadian Gazetteer. Toronto, Ont.: H. & W. Rowsell, 1846.

Tavender, George S. From This Year Hence: A History of the Township of Toronto Gore 1818-1983. 2nd rpt. Toronto, 1984.

Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. Claireville Conservation Area Management Plan (February 28, 1997).

Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. Humber River—State of the Watershed Report—Cultural Heritage (2008).

Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, Archaeology Resource Management Services. Archaeological Assessment of TRCA Property in the City of Brampton (Stage 2) The Gore Road Widening Lot 2, Concession IX ND, City of Brampton, Peel Region HRW-08-010 PIF P303-01302008. April 9, 2009.

Websites

Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. About TRCA, Our Milestones. Access:-- ,

Maps

National Topographic Series: Bolton 30 M/13, 1926, 1940, 1954, 1985.

Microsoft Virtual Earth, 2009.

Map of Toronto Gore Township. Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Peel. Ont. Toronto: Walker & Miles, 1877.

Tremaine, George R. Tremaine’s Map of the County of Peel, Canada West. Toronto: Geo. Tremaine, 1859.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants E 1-34

APPENDIX A: Context Photographs

Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-35 Page 1 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

View east along Queen Street East to the residence at 8712 Claireville Conservation Road. View southeast of residence on rise of land from Queen Street East.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-36 Page 2 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

View west from entrance drive from Claireville Conservation Area parking lot to the residence. View northwest to the residence from entrance drive.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-37 Page 3 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

View west to the residence. View southwest to the residence,

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants E 1-38

APPENDIX B: Photographs Residence

Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-39 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

Front (east elevation and northeast corner. North elevation of the residence with gable attic dormer.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-40 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

Northwest corner of the residence showing north and west elevations. West elevation of the residence with inset chimney stack.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-41 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

Southwest corner of the residence. South elevation of the residence.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-42 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

Southeast corner of the residence. Detail of foundation wall showing scribed ashlar pattern on parging.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-43 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

Detail of brickwork showing header and stretcher row and scribed line in mortar joint. Inscription written on west elevation, southwest corner, “John Bland Jr. laid this brick July 1st 1915”.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-44 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

One storey frame garage on south side of the residence. Main entrance in living room, southeast corner ground floor.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-45 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

West wall living room with doors to kitchen on right and second floor stairs on left. View south from dining room to south wall and triple window sash in living room.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-46 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

View of north wall of dining room and triple window sash. View from dining room to northeast room on ground floor.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-47 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

Window detail showing upper transom with obscured glass on north corner of east (front) elevation.

Entrance to basement stairs located between living room and kitchen.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-48 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

View southeast from kitchen to basement entrance door and living room. South wall of kitchen with door to southwest sun porch and garage entrance. Note door with upper glazing and three vertical panels on lower section, typical exterior door for this house.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-49 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

West wall in kitchen showing window opening and wainscoting. East wall of kitchen.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-50 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

Entrance to garage from southwest sun porch. Centre hall on second floor. \ Southeast bedroom on second floor with entrance to southeast sun porch on right.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-51 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

Typical five panel sold wood door found in residence.

Southeast bedroom with entrance to attic stairs.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-52 Appendix B 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

View of stairs to attic from southeast bedroom.

Brick partition wall for cold cellar.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants E 1-53

APPENDIX C: HISTORICAL MAPS

Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-54 Appendix C 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

Tremaine, George R. Tremaine’s Map of the County of Peel, Canada West. Toronto: Geo. Tremaine, 1859.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-55 Appendix C 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

Map of Toronto Gore Township. Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Peel. Ont. Toronto: Walker & Miles, 1877

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-56 Appendix C 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

National Topographic Series: Bolton 30 M/13, 1926.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-57 Appendix C 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

National Topographic Series: Bolton 30 M/13, 1954.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-58 Appendix C 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

National Topographic Series: Bolton 30 M/13, 1985.

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants E 1-59

APPENDIX D: Ontario Heritage Act Regulation 9/06

Heritage Impact Assessment Report E 1-60 Appendix D 8712 Claireville Conservation Road (Lot 5, Concession 8 ND Geographic Township of Toronto Gore) City of Brampton, Ontario

Unterman McPhail Associates July 2009 Heritage Resource Management Consultants