how objects of a given type can win and they were losing be safely replaced by objects of a opportunities. So I went off and Nov. 7th subtype. did my own thing.” Eubanks spent 15 years as CEO of Symantec Corp [April 24], Diode Vacuum turning it into a profitable software utility and anti-virus Tube Patent business. Nov. 7, 1905 Eubanks is a stamp collector, English electrical engineer, John specializing in items issued in Ambrose Fleming was granted a the US between 1847 and 1861. US patent (803684) for his He has won the American “oscillation valve“, the first Philatelic Society’s “Champion of diode vacuum tube. It found Champions” award twice. almost immediate use as a switch because of its much greater speeds than mechanical John M. Cioffi relays. Barbara Liskov (2010). Photo by Born: Nov. 7, 1956; Many people had experimented Kenneth C. Zirkel. CC BY-SA 3.0. with tubes in the 19th century, Illinois including Thomas Edison [Feb Her 1968 Ph.D. thesis at Cioffi is called “the father of the 11] and Nikola Tesla [July 10]. Stanford was about chess Digital Subscriber Line" (DSL). However, the technology only endgames, and was supervised In particular, his team at Amati became practical with Lee de by John McCarthy [Sept 4]. In Communications came up with a Forest’s 1906 three-terminal 1961, she had applied to study DSL modulation approach called “audion” tube, which later at Princeton, but received a form discrete multitone (DMT). evolved into the triode [Oct 20]. letter explaining that it didn’t At the time, Fleming accused de DMT makes one phone line look accept female students. Forest of copying his ideas. Even like hundreds of subchannels, worse, Fleming’s patent was Although she was one of the and improves transmission later invalidated by the US earliest female Ph.Ds in using what Cioffi calls an inverse supreme court, but that didn’t computer science, she wasn’t the Robin Hood strategy: “Bits are prevent him from being first; see [June 7]. robbed from the poorest knighted in 1929. channels and given to the wealthiest channels.”

Gordon Eubanks He also designed the world’s Barbara Jane first Asymmetric Digital Jr. Subscriber Line (ADSL) and Liskov (nee Very-high-speed Digital Born: Nov. 7, 1946; Subscriber Line (VDSL) Huberman) Oklahoma modems, which account for around 98% of the world’s more Born: Nov. 7, 1939; Eubanks worked with Gary than 500 million DSL Los Angeles, California Kildall [May 19] during the early connections. days of his Liskov has made numerous company; Kildall had formerly The amazing utility of ADSL was contributions to the foundations been his graduate advisor at the demonstrated in a research of programming languages and Naval Postgraduate School in project conducted by Andrews & system design. Her research Monterey. Eubanks' thesis was Arnold (a UK network provider) projects have included the concerned with a for a entitled "ADSL Works Over Wet Venus OS, a small, low-cost, version of BASIC for Kildall’s String" in Dec. 2017. As long as interactive time-sharing system; CP/M OS [June 22]. the string was soaked with the design and implementation brackish water, data could be of CLU, an early object-based While still a naval officer, successfully sent and received, language; Argus, the first high- Eubanks wrote the popular albeit at low speeds. level language to support CBASIC compiler for the IMSAI distributed programs; and Thor, 8080 [Dec 16]. Some friends said As “DSL's father”, lawyers often an object-oriented database he called it “CBASIC” because he ask Cioffi to be an “expert system. wrote it while serving on a witness” in lawsuits. At one submarine (at sea). time, he estimated that he was Liskov''s and Jeannette Wing's receiving five such phone calls a definition of subtyping, Eubanks left Digital Research day. after two years because: “It commonly known as the Liskov substitution principle, specifies became clear to me that Digital Research did not have the will to

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Ibiblio), that was running In Jan. 2000, the company made The Kansas City Cornell’s CU-SeeMe software its most famous 'investment', [April 26]. spending more than $3 million Standard for 30 seconds of advertising Atlanta's WREK (91.1 FM) also during the Super Bowl. Nov. 7-8, 1975 started streaming on the same Jerry Ogdin and Les Solomon, day, but using custom software In retrospect, Pets.com's demise editors of Popular Electronics called CyberRadio1. However, seemed inevitable – it lacked a magazine [Dec 19], wrote an this was a beta launch and the workable business plan and lost article in the Sept. 1975 issue stream wasn't publically money on nearly every sale setting out how to record advertised until later. because it was selling merchandise for approximately computer data as audio tones on The first Internet-only radio one-third the price it had paid a cassette. Their HITS network, NetRadio.com, started for it. All told, it burned its way (Hobbyists’ Interchange Tape a year later, on [Nov 10] 1995. System) used two tones to through around $300 million of represent 1s and 0s. investment capital. It was a good idea, and a number Pets.com Closes Other companies that suffered a of manufacturers started using similar fate from the same similar, but incompatible, Nov. 7, 2000 period include Webvan (for approaches. Wayne Green [Sept online grocery shopping) and 3], of BYTE magazine, wanted After just two years of business, Boo.com [May 18] (for branded these manufacturers to produce Pets.com, an icon of the dot-com fashion apparel). a single standard. A two-day bubble [Aug 9; March 10], meeting to hammer out the closed, laying off 80% of its details was arranged in Kansas employees. In fact, measured City, and attended by 18 people. from its IPO to liquidation, it had lasted just 268 days. The resulting system was mostly based on Don Lancaster’s [Sept The remaining staff began 00] design which had been selling selling sock puppets of published in BYTE’s first issue in the company’s mascot, which September. The March 1976 had been prominently featured magazine went on to feature two in its extensive and expensive hardware implementations by marketing campaigns. Lancaster and Harold Mauch, The sock puppet had become but they only ran at 300 baud. quite famous – it had appeared This meant that a typical 8KB on ABC’s "Good Morning BASIC program would take five America", and had a balloon minutes to load, which was made in its image for the 1999 woefully slow. Most audio Macy’s Thanksgiving Day cassette circuits could easily Parade. A story was circulated support higher speeds (e.g. as claiming that it was planning to shown by the Tarbell Cassette enroll at the Wharton School of Interface [Dec 00]). Solomon Business. duly noted: “Unfortunately, it didn’t last long; before the month ended, everyone went back to his own tape standard and the recording confusion got worse.”

First Internet Radio Nov. 7, 1994 The University of North Carolina's student radio station, WXYC (89.3 FM), became the first traditional radio station to The Pets.com sock puppet. Photo broadcast regularly on the by Jacob Bøtter. CC BY 2.0. Internet, by connecting to a system at SunSite (later called

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