Writing New Identities: the Portrayal of Women by Female Authors of the Middle East
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Writing new identities: The portrayal of women by female authors of the Middle East Von der Fakultät für Geschichte, Kunst- und Orientwissenschaften der Universität Leipzig angenommene D I S S E R T A T I O N zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades DOCTOR PHILOSOPHIAE (Dr. phil.) vorgelegt von NEDA MILADI geboren am 22.05.1982 in Teheran, Iran Gutachter: Prof. Dr. phil. habil. Verena Klemm Prof. Dr. Irene Schneider Tag der Verteidigung: 25/01/2018 1 Contents Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................... 5 Transcription System ...................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 8 • Scope of the Research ......................................................................................................... 9 • Research Questions and Methodology.............................................................................. 12 • Design of the Work ........................................................................................................... 13 1. Historical Movement of Women and Iranian Modernity ...................................................... 15 • Pioneering Iranian Women Before & After the Constitutional Revolution ..................... 16 • The Pahlavī Era (1925-1979) ............................................................................................ 20 • Islamic Republic of Iran and the Women Writers ............................................................ 28 2. Tūbā va Maʽnāy-i Šab (Touba and the Meaning of Night) by Šahrnūš Pārsīpūr .................. 36 • About the Plot ................................................................................................................... 37 • About the Author .............................................................................................................. 38 • Literature Review.............................................................................................................. 39 • About the Narration .......................................................................................................... 42 • About the Protagonist ....................................................................................................... 45 • Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 56 3. Ingār Guftih Būdī Liylī (As You Had Said Leyli) by Sipīdih Šāmlū ................................... 58 • About the Plot ................................................................................................................... 59 • About the Author .............................................................................................................. 59 • Literature Review.............................................................................................................. 61 • About the Narration .......................................................................................................... 62 • About the Protagonist ....................................................................................................... 64 • Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 73 4. Čirāq-hā rā Man Ḫāmūš Mīkunam (I Turn off the Lights) by Zuyā Pīrzād ......................... 74 • About the plot ................................................................................................................... 75 • About the Author .............................................................................................................. 76 • Literature Review.............................................................................................................. 78 • About the Narration .......................................................................................................... 80 2 • About the Protagonist ....................................................................................................... 84 • Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 92 5. Parandi-yi Man (My Bird) by Farībā Vafī ............................................................................ 93 • About the Plot ................................................................................................................... 94 • About the Author .............................................................................................................. 94 • Literature Review.............................................................................................................. 96 • About the Narration .......................................................................................................... 98 • About the Protagonist ..................................................................................................... 100 • Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 108 6. Az Šiytān Āmūḫt va Sūzānd (She Learnt from Satan and Burned) by Farḫundih Āqāʾī ...... 110 • About the Plot ................................................................................................................. 111 • About the Author ............................................................................................................ 111 • Literature Review............................................................................................................ 114 • About the Narration ........................................................................................................ 115 • About the Protagonist ..................................................................................................... 118 • Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 125 7. Nigarān Nabāš (Don’t Worry) by Mahsā Muḥibalī ............................................................ 127 • About the Plot ................................................................................................................. 128 • About the Author ............................................................................................................ 128 • Literature Review............................................................................................................ 129 • About the Narration ........................................................................................................ 131 • About the Protagonist ..................................................................................................... 134 • Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 141 8. Iḥtimālan Gum Šudiʾam (Probably I'm Lost) by Sārā Sālār ................................................ 143 • About the Plot ................................................................................................................. 144 • About the Author ............................................................................................................ 144 • Literature Review............................................................................................................ 146 • About the Narration ........................................................................................................ 147 • About the Protagonist ..................................................................................................... 149 • Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 157 3 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 159 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 173 4 Acknowledgments After five years of studying and hard work, today is the day: writing this note of thanks is the finishing touch on my dissertation. It has been a period of intense learning for me, not only in the scientific arena, but also on a personal level. I would like to reflect on the people who have supported and helped me so much throughout this period. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my main supervisor Prof. Verena Klemm for her patience, motivation, and profound knowledge. I will never forget her commitment to read my chapters as many times as needed. Without her guidance and persistent help this dissertation would not have been possible. I would also like to acknowledge Prof. Irene Schneider, the second supervisor of my PhD studies, whom I am gratefully indebted to for her valuable and insightful comments on my work. I would also like to thank my fellow students, for their feedback, cooperation and of course friendship. Their challenges and productive critics at the regular colloquiums, have provided great ideas to my work. A very special gratitude goes out to all down at Deutsche Akademische Austauschdienst (DAAD) for helping and providing me the financial support and the freedom