1. INTRODUCTION
As per gazette notification dated 15th January 2016, of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, the District-Environment Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) to be constituted by the divisional commissioner for prior environmental clearance of quarry for minor minerals. The DEIAA will scrutinize and recommend the prior environmental clearance of ministry of minor minerals on the basis of district survey report. The main purpose of preparation of District Survey Report is to identify the mineral resources and mining activities along with other relevant data of district. This DSR contains details of Lease, Sand mining and Revenue which comes from minerals in the district and prepared on the basis of data collected from different concern departments and concern Mining Inspector.
DISTRICT-SHRAVASTI
Shravasti district is in the north western part of Uttar Pradesh covering an area of 1858.20 Sq. Km. It is a created district carved out from Bahraich district. Shravasti, which is closely associated with the life of Lord Buddha, shares border with Balrampur, Gonda & Bahraich districts. Bhinga is the district headquarters of Shravasti and is approximately 175 kilometers away from the state capital. The district is drained by river Rapti & its tributaries. In 2001 census, Shravasti has three Tehsils, viz., Bhinga, Jamunaha and Ikauna. Shravasti is a historically famous district of eastern Uttar Pradesh. As per 2011 census, total population of the district is 1,114,615 persons out of which 594,318 are males and 520,297 are females. The district has having 3 tehsils, 5 blocks and 536 inhabited villages. According to 2001 census, the district accounted 0.71 % of the State’s population in which male and female percentages are 0.72 and 0.69 respectively.
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Figure District Map of Shravasti
Drainage
The main drainage feature in the area is the river Rapti which originates in Nepal from where it is flows towards west and near about Nepalganj (Nepal) it takes a sudden southerly or south easterly turn and follows a meandering course. A study of the topographical features and geomorphological evidences indicates that the Rapti seen parallel to the present one about 3 to 5 Km.
Transportation
Roads
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District hedquarters Shravasti is well connected by road. Shravasti is about 152 km by road to Lucknow (the Capital of Uttar Pradesh). Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport (UPSRTC) runs buses from major cities to towns and villages in the district.
Railways
Some of the railway stations in district are Chilwariya which connects most of the town and villages in the district.
Air
Shravasti airport is situated in the Shravasti district. It is near and important Buddhist pilgrimage site.
2. OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITY OF DISTRICT
Although, Shravasti district is famous for its Buddha Temple but Mining activity of sand / ordinary sand are done along the major river Rapti.
3. LIST OF MINING LEASES/ SHORT TERM PERMIT OF SAND IN THE DISTRICT WITH LOCATION, AREA AND PERIOD OF VALIDITY
List of leases are tabled below and marked on Plate-3 Drainage map of District:
Gata No./ Area Mineable S. No. Village & Tehsil Period Khand No. (Acre.) Reserve M³
Vill- Gohaniya, Tehsil- 1018 K mi 2.470 25000 6 month 1. Ikauna
Vill- Bhutaha, Tehsil- 1436 mi 5.547 56120 6 month 2. Ikauna
Vill-Khapariha, Tehsil- 119 1.025 6000 6 month 3. Jamunaha
Vill-Sarra, Tehsil- 562 N 4. 3.965 50000 6 month Jamunaha 562 R
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1087, 1084, Vill. Katharamafi, 1076, 1066, 2.409 3068 6 month 5. Tehsil-Jamunaha 1075, 1078
In addition to above, new potential areas have been identified for fresh allotment for five years and will be notified in coming future tabulated below-
Gata No./ Area Mineable S. No. Village & Tehsil Period Khand No. (ha.) Reserve M³
Vill- Dayali Tehsil- 1. 20.622 4,12,440 Bhinga 117, 118 5 Years
Vill- Kodaridehriya 2. 5.600 1,12,000 5 Years Tehsil- Bhinga 37 mi
Vill- manikaura 3. 5 kondari, Tehsil- 373 2.048 51,000 Years Ikauna
4. DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED IN LAST THREE YEAR MINOR MINERALS
Total Royalty or Revenue Received from Minor Minerals is tabled bellow-
Financial Year Revenue (Rs.) Target
2014-15 2,93,74,374 3.00 Crore
2015-16 4,95,96,796 4.00 Crore
2016-17 4,95,96,028 6.00 Crore
2017-18 (Up to Aug. 2017) 2,12,52,654 12.00 Crore
TOTAL 320159.00
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5. DETAIL OF PRODUCTION OF SAND OR BAJARI OR MINOR MINERAL IN LAST THREE YEARS There was no sand mining in the district from 2014-15 to 2016-17. Hence the production of sand or bajari during last three years was nil but minor mineral (ordinary earth & brick earth) contributed in the head of royalty as given below in table. Whereas from April 2017 to August 2017 total revenue generation was Rs. 2,12,52,654. The production comes around 14,04,936 cubic meter sands.
6. PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS
Sedimentation Process:
Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy, they do stuff. The obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but, besides this, they also transport load, erode load and erode the channel through which they flow.
Rapti River basin is one of the class II river basin having catchment area of around 6,700 sq. km. The river channel slope of the upstream area is about 12 %, due to high slope of river and topography, this basin is more prone to sediment disaster. In the downstream reach, the bed slope is about 0.1 %.The average annual rainfall, mean discharge and maximum discharge of the basin are 1500 mm, 136 m 3/sec and 3000m 3/sec respectively. The flow of sediment on river is destructing the agricultural and of downstream. Due to bed aggradation and bank erosion the river channel changes into braided and at the same time enhances lateral shifting, such channel changes are the main problems and features of the river Rapti.
7. GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
S. No. Particulars Statistics
General Information
Geographical Area Geographical Area 1858.20 Sq. Km.
1 Geographical Position 27.5978° N, 81.9535°E
Administrative Administrative Division –Lucknow, Division/Number of Three tehsils namely Bhinga, Jamuhana and Ikanna and
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Tehsil , 5 blocks
No. of There are 5 blocks and 536 inhabited villages in the Panchayat/Villages district
Total population of the district as per 2011 census Population (As Per is 1,114,615 persons out of which 594,318 are Census 2011 males and 520,297 are females.
Geographology
Younger alluvial plain Older alluvial plain ( Upper Major Physiographic Gangetic Mid-Plains (Alluvial Plain of Ghaghra & Units Saryu of Indo- Gangatic Plain) 2
The Ghaghra, The Gomti river & their tributaries Saryu Major Drainage and its tributaries
Temperature Its minimum temperature is 6°C & maximum 43.34°C
The land surface of the district is covered by moderately deep soil cover. These are well drained 3 Major Soil Types clayey soils on very gently sloping land with moderate erosion associated with very shallow somewhat excessively drained loamy soils with severe erosion.
8. LAND UTILIZATION PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT: FOREST, AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, MINING ETC.
Land Utilisation of Shravasti district (2008-09) in Hectare
Area Forest Barren/ Present Other Barren/u Land Past Area Cultivabfallow fallow ncultivab put to ures under le waste Land land le waste nonagric bush/garde land land ultural n use
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Jamunaha 35447 933 110 25 168 111 4174 4 142
Gilaula 30288 0 80 35 173 61 4443 2 262
Ikauna 27262 70 66 30 178 58 4525 8 236
Rani 42312 14741 84 20 158 108 2050 7 227
Sirsia 57578 18609 110 40 183 118 5634 8 302
Total Rural 192887 34353 450 150 860 456 20826 29 1169
Total 192887 34353 450 150 860 456 20826 29 1169 District
The net area irrigated by ground water structures is 56760 ha (91.63% of total irrigated area) and net area irrigated by canals & other sources is 5183 ha. The net area sown is 69.7% of the total area of district and cropping intensity is 139.5 %. Area under irrigation as per various sources is given in table-2 .
Table-2:- Source-wise area under irrigation (Ha), Shravasti, UP
Tubewell
Canals Public Private Wells Ponds Others Total
Jamunaha 233 173 10643 527 814 0 12390
Gilaula 213 160 10663 532 810 0 12378
Ikauna 220 182 10653 534 803 0 12392
Rani 226 176 10640 520 823 0 12385
Sirsia 223 166 10666 525 818 0 12398
Total District 1115 857 53265 2638 4068 0 61943
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Irrigation Coverage and Sources
Irrigation coverage shows that only 41 % of the net sown area is irrigated by all the sources in Shravasti, which is substantially lower than those of irrigation coverage in Eastern 11 region and Uttar Pradesh. Looking into the source of irrigation tube wells are the main source of irrigation accounted 92.22 % in district that is much higher in comparison of eastern region and State level that is 74.47 and 71.49 % respectively. Irrigation through canals is less than 1 percent in the district as compared to both eastern region (22.58 percent) and State level (20.52 percent). Irrigation by other well accounted 3.50 percent is higher against eastern region’s 1.75 percent. Interestingly tanks accounted 3.89 percent in district that is quite higher than both eastern region as well as State. Irrigation intensity of Shravasti district is low at 107.56 percent in comparison of eastern region and State level that is 142.90 percent, 144.37 percent respectively.
9. PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE DISTRICT
The area is underlain by Quaternary alluvium consisting of boulders, pebbles, sands of various grain sizes, clay, silts and kankar. The area lies between latitude 27.5978° E and longitude 81.9535°N.
The Shravasti district is a part of Indo-Gangetic plains. The ground level elevations of the area ranges from around 200m above mean sea level. The general master slope of the area is from north to south. Bad land ravinous topography is seen developed at places along the Rapti River draining the southern part of the area. Small hillocks of the Siwaliks stand out at the northern most part of the land. On the whole the area is plain land.
10. RAINFALL
The climate of the district is characterised as sub-humid with hot summer and cold winter. The well distributed rainfall occurs during south west monsoon. There is no meteorological observatory in Shravasti. Nearest observatory is Bahraich. The climatic data of this observatory has been considered for the evaluation of climate type. The annual rainfall based on 1931 to 1960 data is 1143.20 mm more than 85% rainfall occur during the monsoon period from June to September.
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Winds are generally light and increase in speed from the beginning of summer and continues to have higher speedup to September. The annual potential evapotranspiration in the district in the district is of the order of 1428.9 mm. The maximum PET occurs in the month of May & June with 212.6 mm and 183.2 mm respectively.
11. GEOLOGY AND MINERAL WEALTH
Geology:-
A major part of the area of is underlain by alluvial deposits of Quaternary age, excepting for disconnected small patches of upper Siwalik of tertiary age seen in the northern most parts. These Siwalik patches are disconnected because of the position of the international border between Nepal and India, which runs almost at foothills of Siwalik Mountains, except at few places. A detail account of the formations met within the area is given below:
Siwalik formation:
The Siwalik rock occurring in the area belong to Siwalik Group, these trend is roughly NW-SE are NNW-SSE direction, which is approximately in conformity with the trend of international boundary with Nepal. The Siwalik as seen as few streams and lower most part of the ridges comprise thinly bedded clays of yellow brown and purple colours with concretionary matter and pebble beds comprising, white, pink, grey, black and bluish quartzite, thin bedded cherty and carbonaceous shales and white to dirty white sandstones. These dips moderately to steeply towards south and N 45°W. In some patches boulders have been seen admixed in the shaly matrix. The maximum length of the longer axis of these boulders has been majored as 60-75 cm.
Alluvium:
1. The deposits of Bhabar Belt.
2. The deposits of Tarai Belt.
3. The deposits of Alluvial Plain to the south of Tarai.
Bhabar:
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Immediately south of the Siwaliks in the highest and steepest zone of alluvium having width in this area from about 420 km or more. This is locally known as Bhabar. These Bhabar deposits are actually in continuous to the similar deposits towards east and west and consist of boulders, pebbles, cobbles, gravel and sand with subordinate amount of clay.
Tarai:
Next to Bhabar in the south, where coarser deposits and the slopes are considerably reduced, is a Tarai Belt characterised by the predominant of silt and clay with subordinate amounts of fine to medium sand. It is believed that the Bhabar and Tarai Formations are contemporaneous; the latter representing fine washout of the talus material brought down by the streams and evenly sorted out by river action.
Alluvium South of Tarai Belt
This comprises clay and silt with fine to medium and coarse sand and kankar mixed together in varying proportions. The alluvium has the maximum lateral extent in the area.
Subsurface Geology:
The southern part of the area is underlain by alternating layers of sand clay, kankar and gravel. Deformation at the surface of land is only clayey, silty appearance. The top soils are sand, clay, kankar and gravel beds.
Geomorphology & Soils
Broadly the Shravasti district can be classified into the following four geomorphological units.
Upper piedmont plain:
It is a gently sloping plain in the district and is formed at the foot hill zones by the coalescence of several alluvial forms consisting of unconsolidated rock debris and alluvium brought by the streams from hills. The area comprises thick vegetation.
Lower piedmont plain:
This zone is relatively had a very gently sloping plain and below the upper piedmont plain.
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Older alluvial plain:
A flat to gentle sloping undulating terrain formed by extensive deposition of alluvium at early slope of depositional regimen. Comprising older unconsolidated alluvium. It also includes back swamp and water bodies known as Talab (pond).
Younger alluvial plain:
A flat to gently sloping slightly undulating terrain. It is produced by extensive deposition of alluvium usually on & adjacent to flood plain. It consists of various fluvial land forms such as back swamp, oxbow lakes, old meander and meander scars etc.
Soils:
The land surface of the district is covered by moderately deep soil cover. These are well drained clayey soils on very gently sloping land with moderate erosion associated with very shallow somewhat excessively drained loamy soils with severe erosion. The soil cover is very thin to subsequent at places along river beds where sands are predominated.
Mineral wealth:
The main mineral wealth of the district is sand. Total 39.026 ha area has been marked having potential of sand production.
In addition to the above details are tabulated here for additional detail a) District wise detail of river or stream and other sand source
Drainage system with description of main rivers
S. % Area drained in the Name of the River Area drained (Sq. Km) No. District
1. Rapti ~110 18.33%
Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams:
S. Name of the Total Length in the Place of origin No. River or Stream District (in Km)
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Originating from Nepal entering point of the river in shravasti district at patana 1. Rapti villege and existing point of the is katara village the drainage of the river is north - west to south -east
2. Bakawa nallah 35 Originating from Nepal and merge in Rapti
3. Bhaisahi nallah 40 Originating from Nepal and merge in Rapti
4. Suraj Kunda nallah 32 Originating from Nepal and merge in Rapti
5. Hathiakunda 38 Originating from Nepal and merge in Rapti nallah
6. Bhauwa nallah 36 Originating from Nepal and merge in Rapti
b) District’s river wise availability of sand or gravel or aggregate resources Mineral Potential
Total Mineable River Boulder (MT) Bajari (MT) Sand (MT) Mineral Potential (MT)
Rapti Nil Nil 14,04,936 842,961
Total 14,04,936 842,961
Portion of Average Mineable Length of Area the river or width of mineral area recommende River stream area potential (in S. Recommend d for metric or recommende recommende ed for mineral tonne) d for d for No. mineral concession (60% of Stream mineral mineral concession (in square total concession concession (in meter2) meter) mineral (in ha.) (in meters) potential)
1. Rapti 39.026 390,260 - 390,260 842,961
D.S.R.- SHRAVASTI Page 13 c) District wise detail of existing mining leases of sand and aggregates.
There are five mining leases has been granted and currently in operation the detail is given below-
Gata No./ Area Mineable S. No. Village & Tehsil Period Khand No. (Acre.) Reserve M³
Vill- Gohaniya, Tehsil- 1018 K mi 2.470 25000 6 month 1. Ikauna
Vill- Bhutaha, Tehsil- 1436 mi 5.547 56120 6 month 2. Ikauna
Vill-Khapariha, Tehsil- 119 1.025 6000 6 month 3. Jamunaha
Vill-Sarra, Tehsil- 562 N 4. 3.965 50000 6 month Jamunaha 562 R
1087, 1084, Vill. Katharamafi, 1076, 1066, 2.409 3068 6 month 5. Tehsil-Jamunaha 1075, 1078
Apart from the above listed leases the other 03 proposed areas are under process for granting through e-tendering. There is no other existing mining lease in the district.
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