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Diptera: Calyptratae)
Systematic Entomology (2020), DOI: 10.1111/syen.12443 Protein-encoding ultraconserved elements provide a new phylogenomic perspective of Oestroidea flies (Diptera: Calyptratae) ELIANA BUENAVENTURA1,2 , MICHAEL W. LLOYD2,3,JUAN MANUEL PERILLALÓPEZ4, VANESSA L. GONZÁLEZ2, ARIANNA THOMAS-CABIANCA5 andTORSTEN DIKOW2 1Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany, 2National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, U.S.A., 3The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, U.S.A., 4Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, U.S.A. and 5Department of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain Abstract. The diverse superfamily Oestroidea with more than 15 000 known species includes among others blow flies, flesh flies, bot flies and the diverse tachinid flies. Oestroidea exhibit strikingly divergent morphological and ecological traits, but even with a variety of data sources and inferences there is no consensus on the relationships among major Oestroidea lineages. Phylogenomic inferences derived from targeted enrichment of ultraconserved elements or UCEs have emerged as a promising method for resolving difficult phylogenetic problems at varying timescales. To reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among families of Oestroidea, we obtained UCE loci exclusively derived from the transcribed portion of the genome, making them suitable for larger and more integrative phylogenomic studies using other genomic and transcriptomic resources. We analysed datasets containing 37–2077 UCE loci from 98 representatives of all oestroid families (except Ulurumyiidae and Mystacinobiidae) and seven calyptrate outgroups, with a total concatenated aligned length between 10 and 550 Mb. About 35% of the sampled taxa consisted of museum specimens (2–92 years old), of which 85% resulted in successful UCE enrichment. -
Variation in the Intensity and Prevalence of Macroparasites in Migratory Caribou: a Quasi-Circumpolar Study
Canadian Journal of Zoology Variation in the intensity and prevalence of macroparasites in migratory caribou: a quasi-circumpolar study Journal: Canadian Journal of Zoology Manuscript ID cjz-2015-0190.R2 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 21-Mar-2016 Complete List of Authors: Simard, Alice-Anne; Université Laval, Département de biologie et Centre d'études nordiques Kutz, Susan; University of Calgary Ducrocq, Julie;Draft Calgary University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Beckmen, Kimberlee; Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation Brodeur, Vincent; Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Direction de la gestion de la faune du Nord-du-Québec Campbell, Mitch; Government of Nunavut, Department of Environment Croft, Bruno; Government of the Northwest Territories, Environment and Natural Resources Cuyler, Christine; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Davison, Tracy; Government of the Northwest Territories in Inuvik, Department of ENR Elkin, Brett; Government of the Northwest Territories, Environment and Natural Resources Giroux, Tina; Athabasca Denesuline Né Né Land Corporation Kelly, Allicia; Government of the Northwest Territories, Environment and Natural Resources Russell, Don; Environnement Canada Taillon, Joëlle; Université Laval, Département de biologie et Centre d'études nordiques Veitch, Alasdair; Government of the Northwest Territories, Environment and Natural Resources Côté, Steeve D.; Université Laval, Département de Biologie and Centre of Northern Studies COMPARATIVE < Discipline, parasite, caribou, Rangifer tarandus, helminth, Keyword: arthropod, monitoring https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjz-pubs Page 1 of 46 Canadian Journal of Zoology 1 Variation in the intensity and prevalence of macroparasites in migratory caribou: a quasi-circumpolar study Alice-Anne Simard, Susan Kutz, Julie Ducrocq, Kimberlee Beckmen, Vincent Brodeur, Mitch Campbell, Bruno Croft, Christine Cuyler, Tracy Davison, Brett Elkin, Tina Giroux, Allicia Kelly, Don Russell, Joëlle Taillon, Alasdair Veitch, Steeve D. -
Hypoderma Tarandi, Case Series from Norway, 2011 to 2016
Surveillance and outbreak report Human myiasis caused by the reindeer warble fly, Hypoderma tarandi, case series from Norway, 2011 to 2016 J Landehag ¹ , A Skogen ¹ , K Åsbakk ² , B Kan ³ 1. Department of Paediatrics, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Hammerfest, Norway 2. UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Tromsø, Norway 3. Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Correspondence: Kjetil Åsbakk ([email protected]) Citation style for this article: Landehag J, Skogen A, Åsbakk K, Kan B. Human myiasis caused by the reindeer warble fly, Hypoderma tarandi, case series from Norway, 2011 to 2016. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(29):pii=30576. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.29.30576 Article submitted on 01 September 2016 / accepted on 14 December 2016 / published on 20 July 2017 Hypoderma tarandi causes myiasis in reindeer and northern hemisphere regions (Alaska, Canada, Nordic caribou (Rangifer tarandus spp.) in most northern countries in Europe including Greenland (self-govern- hemisphere regions where these animals live. We ing territory of Denmark) and Russia) where these ani- report a series of 39 human myiasis cases caused by mals live [5]. H. tarandi in Norway from 2011 to 2016. Thirty-two were residents of Finnmark, the northernmost county Most of the 24 human cases of myiasis caused by H. of Norway, one a visitor to Finnmark, and six lived in tarandi reported in Norway and other countries in the other counties of Norway where reindeer live. Clinical literature from 1982 to 2016 [6-17] developed oph- manifestations involved migratory dermal swellings thalmomyiasis interna (OMI), a condition where the of the face and head, enlargement of regional lymph larva has invaded the eye globe, often leading to vis- nodes, and periorbital oedema, with or without eosin- ual impairment. -
Caribou (Barren-Ground Population) Rangifer Tarandus
COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Caribou Rangifer tarandus Barren-ground population in Canada THREATENED 2016 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2016. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Caribou Rangifer tarandus, Barren-ground population, in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xiii + 123 pp. (http://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=en&n=24F7211B-1). Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Anne Gunn, Kim Poole, and Don Russell for writing the status report on Caribou (Rangifer tarandus), Barren-ground population, in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada. This report was overseen and edited by Justina Ray, Co-chair of the COSEWIC Terrestrial Mammals Specialist Subcommittee, with the support of the members of the Terrestrial Mammals Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment and Climate Change Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-938-4125 Fax: 819-938-3984 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le Caribou (Rangifer tarandus), population de la toundra, au Canada. Cover illustration/photo: Caribou — Photo by A. Gunn. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2016. Catalogue No. CW69-14/746-2017E-PDF ISBN 978-0-660-07782-6 COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – November 2016 Common name Caribou - Barren-ground population Scientific name Rangifer tarandus Status Threatened Reason for designation Members of this population give birth on the open arctic tundra, and most subpopulations (herds) winter in vast subarctic forests. -
The Timing and Departure Rate of Larvae of the Warble Fly Hypoderma
The timing and departure rate of larvae of the warble fly Hypoderma (= Oedemagena) tarandi (L.) and the nose bot fly Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer) (Diptera: Oestridae) from reindeer Arne C. Nilssen & Rolf E. Haugerud Zoology Department, Tromsø Museum, N-9006 Tromsø, Norway Abstract: The emergence of larvae of the reindeer warble fly Hypoderma (= Oedemagena) tarandi (L.) (n = 2205) from 4, 9, 3, 6 and 5 Norwegian semi-domestic reindeer yearlings (Rangifer tarandus tarandus (L.)) was registered in 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992, respectively. Larvae of the reindeer nose bot fly Cephenemyia trompe (Moder) (n = 261) were recor• ded during the years 1990, 1991 and 1992 from the same reindeer. A collection cape technique (only H. tarandi) and a grating technique (both species) were used. In both species, dropping started around 20 Apr and ended 20 June. Peak emergence occurred from 10 May - 10 June, and was usually bimodal. The temperature during the larvae departure period had a slight effect (significant only in 1991) on the dropping rate of H. tarandi larvae, and temperature during infection in the preceding summer is therefore supposed to explain the uneven dropping rate. This appeared to be due to the occurrence of successive periods of infection caused by separate periods of weather that were favourable for mass attacks by the flies. As a result, the temporal pattern of maturation of larvae was divided into distinct pulses. Departure time of the larvae in relation to spring migration of the reindeer influences infection levels. Applied possibilities for biological control by separating the reindeer from the dropping sites are discussed. -
Reindeer Warble Fly Larvae Found in Red Deer Nilssen, A. C.1
Reindeer warble fly larvae found in red deer Reinens gorm-larver funnet i hjort Nilssen, A. C.1 & Gjershaug, J. O.2. 1. Zoology Department, Tromsø Museum, N-9000 Tromsø, Norway. 2. Sognli Forsøksgård, N-7320 Fannrem, Norway. Abstract: Seven third instar larvae of the reindeer warble fly (Hypoderma (=Oedemagena) tarandi) were found in a 2-3 year old male red deer {Cervus elaphus) shot on 14 November 1985 at Todalen, western Norway. This it, the first report of H. tarandi from red deer. In reindeer third instar larvae are found from February to June, and the unusual date of this record indicates a delayed development of the larvae due to abnormal host reactions. Warble fly larvae, probably H. tarandi, are also reported from moose {Alces al• ces) in northern Norway. Key words: Oedemagena tarandi, Hypoderma tarandi, Cervus elaphus, Rangifer tarandus, Alces alces, reindeer, caribou, red deer, moose, exotic host, unsuitable host, reindeer warble fly, Norway. Rangifer, 8 (1): 35-37 Introduction and first and second instar larvae also from The warble fly Hypoderma tarandi is endopa- musk ox {Ovibos moschatus) in Canada (Jan- rasitic in reindeer and caribou {Rangifer ta• sen 1970, Alendal and Helle 1983). Nordkvist randus), occurring in most of the holarctic (in Skjenneberg and Slagsvold 1968) reported distribution of the host (Zumpt 1965). The H. tarandi from roe deer {Capreolus capreo• adult females attach eggs to leg and body lus), and this appears to be the only record of hairs. After hatching the larvae penetrate the H. tarandi in a cervid other than reindeer. skin, migrate intermuscularly and complete Here we report H. -
Putrid Meat and Fish in the Eurasian Middle and Upper Paleolithic: Are We Missing a Key Part of Neanderthal and Modern Human Diet?
Putrid Meat and Fish in the Eurasian Middle and Upper Paleolithic: Are We Missing a Key Part of Neanderthal and Modern Human Diet? JOHN D. SPETH Department of Anthropology, 101 West Hall, 1085 South University Avenue, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA; [email protected] submitted: 21 February 2017; revised 2 April 2017; accepted 4 April 2017 ABSTRACT This paper begins by exploring the role of fermented and deliberately rotted (putrefied) meat, fish, and fat in the diet of modern hunters and gatherers throughout the arctic and subarctic. These practices partially ‘pre-digest’ the high protein and fat content typical of northern forager diets without the need for cooking, and hence without the need for fire or scarce fuel. Because of the peculiar properties of many bacteria, including various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which rapidly colonize decomposing meat and fish, these foods can be preserved free of pathogens for weeks or even months and remain safe to eat. In addition, aerobic bacteria in the early stages of putrefaction deplete the supply of oxygen in the tissues, creating an anaerobic environment that retards the production of po- tentially toxic byproducts of lipid autoxidation (rancidity). Moreover, LAB produce B-vitamins, and the anaerobic environment favors the preservation of vitamin C, a critical but scarce micronutrient in heavily meat-based north- ern diets. If such foods are cooked, vitamin C may be depleted or lost entirely, increasing the threat of scurvy. Psy- chological studies indicate that the widespread revulsion shown by many Euroamericans to the sight and smell of putrefied meat is not a universal hard-wired response, but a culturally learned reaction that does not emerge in young children until the age of about five or later, too late to protect the infant from pathogens during the highly vulnerable immediate-post-weaning period. -
Parasites of Caribou (2): Fly Larvae Infestations
Publication AP010 July 27, 2004 Wildlife Diseases FACTSHEET Parasites of Caribou (2): Fly Larvae Infestations Introduction All wild animals carry diseases. In some cases these might be of concern if they can spread to humans or domestic animals. In other cases they might be of interest if they impact on the health of our wild herds, or simply because the signs of the disease have been noticed and you want to know more. This factsheet is one of a series produced on the common diseases of caribou and covers the larval form of two different flies commonly seen in this province. Neither of these are a cause of public health Figure 2: Warble fly larvae emerging from back concern. Fly Larvae Infestations Warbles are the larvae of the warble fly (Hypoderma tarandi) which lays its eggs on the hair of Warbles and throat bots are common names for the caribou’s legs and lower body in mid-summer. the larvae of two types of flies that can be found in the Once the eggs hatch, the larvae (maggots) penetrate carcasses of caribou in this province. Many people the skin of the caribou and start a long migration who hunt these animals may be familiar with their towards the animal’s back. appearance. Hunters may see signs of these migrating larvae Warbles in the fall when skinning out an animal. At this early part of the larvae’s life, they are about the size of a small grain of rice and are almost transparent. They may be seen on the surface of the muscles or under the skin. -
TB1066 Current Stateof Knowledge and Research on Woodland
June 2020 A Review of the Relationship Between Flow,Current Habitat, State and of Biota Knowledge in LOTIC and SystemsResearch and on Methods Woodland for Determining Caribou Instreamin Canada Low Requirements 9491066 Current State of Knowledge and Research on Woodland Caribou in Canada No 1066 June 2020 Prepared by Kevin A. Solarik, PhD NCASI Montreal, Quebec National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. Acknowledgments A great deal of thanks is owed to Dr. John Cook of NCASI for his considerable insight and the revisions he provided in improving earlier drafts of this report. Helpful comments on earlier drafts were also provided by Kirsten Vice, NCASI. For more information about this research, contact: Kevin A. Solarik, PhD Kirsten Vice NCASI NCASI Director of Forestry Research, Canada and Vice President, Sustainable Manufacturing and Northeastern/Northcentral US Canadian Operations 2000 McGill College Avenue, 6th Floor 2000 McGill College Avenue, 6th Floor Montreal, Quebec, H3A 3H3 Canada Montreal, Quebec, H3A 3H3 Canada (514) 907-3153 (514) 907-3145 [email protected] [email protected] To request printed copies of this report, contact NCASI at [email protected] or (352) 244-0900. Cite this report as: NCASI. 2020. Current state of knowledge and research on woodland caribou in Canada. Technical Bulletin No. 1066. Cary, NC: National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. Errata: September 2020 - Table 3.1 (page 34) and Table 5.2 (pages 55-57) were edited to correct omissions and typos in the data. © 2020 by the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) is a species of deer that lives in the tundra, taiga, and forest habitats at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere, including areas of Russia and Scandinavia, the United States, and Canada. -
By Hypoderma Tarandi, Northern
INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR DISPATCHES by Hypoderma spp. is not known. Eyebrows and eyelashes Human have been suggested as possible targets for oviposition (3). Oviposition on human scalp hair has been achieved experi- Ophthalmomyiasis mentally and could be the preferential site in humans (3). An alternative explanation is transfer of the larvae directly Interna Caused from the guard hairs of the caribou to the human eye or skin through close contact with animal pelts. The parasite does by Hypoderma not appear to complete its life cycle in humans (1,2). tarandi, Northern We present the fi rst, to our knowledge, 2 published cases of ophthalmomyiasis interna caused by H. tarandi in Canada Canada. Furthermore, we present the fi rst published use of Hypoderma spp. serologic testing to assist in the diagnosis Philippe R.S. Lagacé-Wiens,* Ravi Dookeran,* of myiasis in humans. Stuart Skinner,* Richard Leicht,* Douglas D. Colwell,† and Terry D. Galloway* The Cases and Literature Review Human myiasis caused by bot fl ies of nonhuman ani- The fi rst patient was a 41-year-old woman from Rankin mals is rare but may be increasing. The treatment of choice Inlet, Nunavut, Canada, who noticed fl oaters (objects in the is laser photocoagulation or vitrectomy with larva removal fi eld of vision that originate in the vitreous) in her right eye and intraocular steroids. Ophthalmomyiasis caused by Hy- in August 2006. Initial funduscopic examination showed poderma spp. should be recognized as a potentially revers- posterior vitreous detachment. Two weeks later, her vision ible cause of vision loss. was more impaired; repeat funduscopy showed panuveitis. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Studies on the morphology and taxonomy of the immature stages of calliphoridae, with analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the family, and between it and other groups in the cyclorrhapha (diptera) Erzinclioglu, Y. Z. How to cite: Erzinclioglu, Y. Z. (1984) Studies on the morphology and taxonomy of the immature stages of calliphoridae, with analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the family, and between it and other groups in the cyclorrhapha (diptera), Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7812/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 studies on the Morphology and Taxonomy of the Immature Stages of Calliphoridae, with Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships within the Family, and between it and other Groups in the Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) Y.Z. ERZINCLIOGLU, B.Sc. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. -
Abbreviations ANOVA Analysis of Variance AUC Area Under Curve
Abbreviations ANOVA Analysis of variance AUC Area Under Curve Cmax Maximum concentration DRM Doramectin endectocide Macrocyclic lactone antiparasitic against both (some) endoparasites and ectoparasites epg Eggs per gram of faeces FEC Faecal egg count GABA Gamma-amino butyric acid IVM Ivermectin lpg Larvae per gram of faeces ML Macrocyclic lactone MXD Moxidectin po Per os sc Subcutaneous s.e.m. Standard error of the mean tmax Time when maximum concentration is reached after drug administration 14 Rangifer, Special Issue No. 11, 1999 England that he owned 600 reindeer, six of which Introduction were valuable decoy animals used to lure wild reindeer. Reindeer husbandry obviously developed Reindeer, the circumpolar cervid from such hunt with decoy animals (in Vorren & The reindeer genus Rangifer comprises only one Manker, 1976; Skjenneberg, 1984). species, R. tarandus living in the northern The contemporary estimate of the total Rangifer hemisphere, both in the Palaearctic (Eurasian) and population of the world is nearly 8 million animals, Nearctic (American) areas (Banfield, 1961). It half of them semi-domesticated (Staaland & inhabits most of the circumpolar land areas not Nieminen, 1993). About 20% of the semi- covered by permanent ice. The southernmost domesticated reindeer are in Fennoscandia reindeer (apart from those introduced to the (Finland, Sweden and Norway) and 75% in Russia, southern hemisphere) graze in China (50 °N) and and the rest in North America and Greenland, with the northernmost on Svalbard, Greenland and arctic some thousand wild descendants of released semi- islands of Canada, even north of 80 °N. According domesticated reindeer on Iceland, South Georgia to current systematics, there were 12 subspecies of (54°30'S, 37°0'W) and Kerguelen (48°15'S, R.