Country Report on State of Animal Genetic Resources of Pakistan Prepared for Submission to FAO for First Report on the State Of

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Country Report on State of Animal Genetic Resources of Pakistan Prepared for Submission to FAO for First Report on the State Of Country Report on State of Animal Genetic Resources of Pakistan Prepared for Submission to FAO for First Report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources (SoWAnGR) March 2003 i CONTENTS Abbreviations................................................................................................................ii Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1 1. State of Agricultural Biodiversity in the Farm Animal Sector in Pakistan......... 1 1.1 Overview of Pakistan’s Animal Production Systems and Related Animal Biodiversity......................................................................................................... 3 1.2 State of Conservation of Farm Animal Biodiversity............................................ 8 1.3 State of Utilization of Farm Animal Genetic Resources ................................... 10 1.4 Critical Areas of AnGR Conservation and Utilization ....................................... 14 2. Changing Demands on Livestock Production and Their Implications for Future National Policies, Strategies and Programmes Related to AnGR ...... 14 2.1 Review of Past Policies, Strategies, Programmes, and Management Practices .......................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Analyzing Future Demands and Trends .......................................................... 17 2.3 Alternative Strategies in Conservation, Use and Development of AnGR ......... 18 2.4 Future National Policy, Strategy and Management Plans for the Conservation, Use and Development of AnGR................................................. 19 3. State of National Capacities and Assessing Future Capacity Building Requirements..................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Organization of Livestock Sector in Pakistan................................................... 20 3.2 Education and Training ................................................................................... 21 3.3 Applied Research and Development ............................................................... 21 3.4 Livestock Extension Services.......................................................................... 22 3.5 Linkage of Education Research and End-Users .............................................. 23 4. National Priorities for Conservation and Utilization.......................................... 23 4.1 National Cross-cutting Priorities ...................................................................... 24 4.2 Priorities among Species and Breeds.............................................................. 26 5. Recommendations for Enhanced International Co-operation in the Field of Animal Biodiversity ........................................................................................... 27 6. Other Elements .................................................................................................... 28 6.1 Country Report Preparation Process............................................................... 28 6.2 Executive Summary ........................................................................................ 29 6.3 Annexes (Figures, Tables and Appendices).................................................... 31 6.4 Case Studies................................................................................................... 43 ii Abbreviations AI Artificial Insemination AJK Azad Jammu and Kashmir AnGR Animal Genetic Resources BAP Biodiversity Action Plan DAD-IS Domestic Animal Diversity Information System FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GDP Gross Domestic Product GOP Government of Pakistan GTZ German Technical Cooperation IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IK Idara-e-Kissan LSB Lyallpur Silver Black MINFAL Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock NGO Non-Governmental Organization NWFP North West Frontier Province PARC Pakistan Agricultural Research Council SPU Semen Production Unit SoWAnGR State of World’s Animal Genetic Resources WTO World Trade Organization 1 Introduction o o o o Pakistan is located in south Asia between 24 and 37 N and 61 and 75 E. It is situated along both sides of the historic Indus River, following its course from the mountain valleys of the Himalayas down to the Arabian Sea (Figure 1). It lies at the crossroad of what is known as Central Asia, the Middle East and the Indian Sub- continent. It is bordered by India on the East, Afghanistan on the West, China on the North and the Arabian Sea on the South. In the Northeast is the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir, of which the part occupied by Pakistan is called Azad Kashmir. Pakistan, officially Islamic Republic of Pakistan, emerged on the globe in 1947. It is a federation of four provinces: Balochistan, North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), Punjab and Sindh. Islamabad is capital city of Pakistan and Karachi is its largest city. The estimated human population is 142 million (Table 1) with an annual growth rate of 2.2%. Of the total population, 67 percent lives in rural areas. Punjab is the most populated of the four administrative units (provinces) having 56% of the country’s population while Sindh, NWFP, Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Northern Areas share the rest. The climate of Pakistan varies with altitude, which in turn affects the type of vegetation. It has some of the world’s highest cold areas that are located at 5,175 meters above sea level in the Himalayas and the hottest low areas in the Indus Plains, where temperature exceeds 50oC. Based on the physiography, geology, climate and agricultural land use, the country can be divided into 10 agro-ecological zones (Appendix 1). The total geographical area of Pakistan is 79.61 million hectares (ha). Cropped area is 22.0 million ha (28%), of which 17.8 million ha is irrigated, and remaining is rainfed (Table 2). Thus, Pakistan has one of the highest proportions of irrigated-cropped area. The area under forest is 3.7 million ha which is about 4.8% of the total geographical area. The cultivated land has increased over the years at a rate of less than 1% per year. The cultivable wastelands offering good possibilities of crop production amount to 9.03 million ha (GOP, 2001) Main water sources in the country are rivers, groundwater and rainfall. Indus river system, which forms the largest irrigation system in the world, provides 60% of the total irrigation water. Ground water and rainfall supply the rest (25 and 15%, respectively). Low rainfalls are common during various years and thus pose problems to agriculture production and wildlife, in the rain-fed areas. Drought conditions can affect more than 50% of water supply during certain years. 1. State of Agricultural Biodiversity in the Farm Animal Sector in Pakistan Agriculture is the backbone of the country’s economy and is central to the socio- economic development of Pakistan. Rural population depends on agriculture as a major source of their income. Agriculture sector contributes over 26% to GDP and employs 44% of the total work force of the country (Table 3). About 65% exports are agro-based. Agriculture sector also provides a linkage for promoting growth in the other sectors (GOP, 2002). Agricultural production is dominated by crop production, which accounts for almost 61 percent of agriculture's GDP (at constant prices). There are four major crops, namely, wheat, rice, cotton and sugarcane. These crops account for 90% of value added in major crops and contribute 40% to value added in agriculture. The cotton and rice are grown surplus and thus exported to other countries. Two million tons of rice, for example, was exported in 2000-2001. The minor crops (fruits, vegetables, pulses, potatoes, onions, chillies, garlic etc.) account for 10% of value added (GOP, 2001). Edible oil seeds are imported, the value of which was Rs. 2 19.04 billion in 2000-2001. Although, there is agricultural activity in all areas of Pakistan, most crops are grown in the Indus River plain in Punjab and Sindh. Agriculture has grown at an average rate of 4.4% per annum in the 90’s with wide fluctuation from -5.3% to +11.7% (Table 5). These fluctuations were mainly due to the variations in the production of major crops. The low crop yield was due to weather, pest infestation and adulterated pesticides. Agriculture sector has fairly large potential for growth. Gaps between potential yield and national average are fairly wide. Production has traditionally been constrained by problems of technical, institutional and policy nature. Technical constraints are poor agronomic and harvest management practices, non-availability and inappropriate use of physical inputs. Institutional constraints include non-availability of capital, inadequate research and extension services, inefficient agricultural education and training, lack of statistics and information system, and complex agriculture credit institutions. The livestock sector accounts for 38% of agricultural value added and about 9% of the GDP (Table 4). Its net foreign exchange earnings were to the tune of Rs. 53 billion in 2000-2001, which is almost 12.3 percent of the overall export earnings of the country. The role of livestock in rural economy may be realized from the fact that 30-35 million rural population is engaged in livestock raising. The average household holding size is 2- 3 cattle/buffalo and 5-6 sheep/goat per family deriving 30-40 percent of their income
Recommended publications
  • Annual Plan 2010-2011
    ANNUAL PLAN 2010-11 PLANNING COMMISISON PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN JUNE, 2010 CONTENTS Pages Foreword Executive Summary i Part-I Macroeconomic Framework 1 Chapter 1 Growth, Investment and Savings 3 2 Balance of Payments 11 3 Fiscal and Monetary Developments 21 4 Public Sector Development Programme 29 Part-II Overcoming Major Constraints 39 5 Water Resources Development 41 6 Energy Security 47 Part-III Human Resource Development 57 7 Education for Knowledge Society 59 7.1 School and College Education 59 7.2 Higher Education 62 7.3 Science and Technology 67 8 Employment 75 9 Population and Development 85 Part-IV Poverty Alleviation and Millennium Development Goals 91 10 Poverty Reduction 93 11 Health and Nutrition 101 11.1 Health 101 11.2 Nutrition 106 Part-V Main Features of Sectoral Programs 109 12 Agriculture Development 111 12.1 Agriculture Crops 111 12.2 Livestock, Poultry and Fisheries Development 119 13 Manufacturing and Minerals 125 14 Transport and Communication 133 15 Physical Planning and Housing 139 16 Information and Communication Technologies 147 16.1 Information Technology 147 16.2 Telecommunications 155 17 Women Empowerment and Social Welfare 159 17.1 Women Development and Empowerment 159 17.2 Social Welfare 162 18 Rural Development, Special Areas and Drought Recovery 165 Program 18.1 Rural Development 165 18.2 Special Areas 170 18.3 Drought Recovery Assistance Program 175 19 Environment and Sustainable Development 183 20 Mass Media, Culture, Sports, Tourism and Youth 187 20.1 Mass Media 187 20.2 Culture, Sports, Tourism and Youth 189 21 Good Governance 193 21.1 Reforms Programme 193 21.2 Monitoring and Evaluation 196 Foreword Foreword The National Economic Council (NEC) in its meeting held on 28th May, 2010 under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister, reviewed the performance of the economy during 2009-10 and approved the Annual Plan 2010-11.
    [Show full text]
  • Sindhi-Jersey and Sindhi-Holstein Crosses
    I.1;iW .2.8IIIiii 12.5_ :: !iii IHH~ I.:: W nll_ "'~~W.... IIIII~ 1I111~ I 'IIII'~ 11111 1.4 111111.6 ""'1.25 111111.4 111111.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL aUREAU OF STANDARDS-J963-A NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-J963-A " .L ,.I:.' ,.t' I ., , f,· SINDHI·JERSEY and SINDHI·HOLSTEIN ~"'" ~ '.:;1- ::J l:;~ -.'~ ~]~; CROSSES 1""; >OJ r~ r.:..> <'J r· ~:-i ~ r. ,L. C') ~, TM~ir External Form (, {' a:ncf~Internal Anatomy Compared With Those of Purebred Jerseys and Holsteins Technical Bulletin No. 1236 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE hV{:J$y:.,C,ri' ,ck,-\,.c l\ ~' .... ~ j __ _ CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION__________________ ~ ____ .. ______ 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS_ ________________ 2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION _________________ -_ 3 Variability in Body Form and Anatomical Stl'ucture____ 8 Basis for Comparisons Among Breed Groups___________ 11 Comparisons of Body Form Among Jersey and Sindhi- Jersey Crossbred Groups______ _______ ______ ___ _____ 19 Comparisons of Internal Anatomy Among Jersey and Sindhi-Jersey Crossbred Groups_ _ _ _______ __________ 21 Comparisons of Effects of Crossing Jerseys and Holsteins WIth Sindhis, in Body .Fol'm and Internal Anatomy__ __ 22 Relative COI;nbin.ing ~bility of Jerseys and Holstems in Crosses WIth Smdbls____ __ ______ __ ______________ __ 23 General Discussion- ___ _______ ____ _______ __ _ ________ 24 SUMMARY -_________________________________ .. _ 24 LITERATURE CITED _____________ ._____________ 26 Washington, D.C. Issued J IlDUIlry":1961 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents,/.. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.-l:'rice 15 cents m !,,,;,~ ,<,SINDHI·-1ERSEY '" and SINDHI-HOLSTEIN ":'l, CROSSES:~ Their External Form and Internal Anatomy Compared With Those of Purebred Jerseys and Holsteins By W.
    [Show full text]
  • Training of Clews
    Two Months Training Programme for Community Livestock Extension Workers (CLEWs) rd st | 3 December 2018 to 31 January, 2019 | Research & Training Institute for Livestock Development | Tando Muhammad Khan www.rspn.org www.facebook.com/RSPNPakistan www.facebook.com/aapsindh Prepared By (Draft) Research and Training Institute (RTI) - Tando Muhammad Khan Reviewed and redeveloped By Zaheer Ahmed - Capacity Building Officer, PINS-RSPN © 2019 Rural Support Programmes Network (RSPN). All Rights Reserved. Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was deemed to be correct as of January 2019. Nevertheless, the Rural Support Programmes Network (RSPN) cannot accept responsibility of the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. 'This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of Rural Support Programmes Network (RPSN) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union' More information about European Union is available on: Web: http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/pakistan/ Twitter: @EUPakistan Facebook: European-Union-in-Pakistan/269745043207452 Contents Acronyms and abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 4 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 5 About Research and Training
    [Show full text]
  • Breed Improvement Plans and Strategies in Pakistan
    BREED IMPROVEMENT PLANS AND STRATEGIES IN PAKISTAN Dr Javed Iqbal Director RCCSC Jhang LIVESTOCK SECTOR PROFILE Livestock contributes 55.1% to the agriculture sector Share in National GDP is 11.5 % Small dairy holders dominate and possess more than 90 % (93-97 %) of Livestock owning 1-5 adult cows or buffaloes Only 3-7 % livestock owners fall under bigger farms Rural population engaged in livestock 35 m Farmer's income from livestock 40 % Annual growth (2010-11) 3.7 % (1.2 % Agriculture) Livestock Genetic Resources in Pakistan POPULATION Buffaloes 27.3 million Cattle 29.6 million Goats 53.8 million Sheep 26.5 million Cattle & Buffalo Breeds Cattle Dairy Cattle 1.Sahiwal 2.Red Sindhi 3.Cholistani 4.X-bred Dual Purpose Cattle 1.Tharparker 2.Kankrej 3.Achai 4.Gabriali Beef/Draught Type Cattle 1.Bhagnari 2.Dajal 3.Dhanni 4.Lohani 5.Rojhan Buffaloes 1.Nili-Ravi 2.Kundi 3.Azakheli DAIRY BREEDS Production Potential Breeds Av Lactation milk yield Kgs Peak yield Kgs/day Sahiwal cows 1500-2200 33.170 Red Sindhi cows 1500-2000 -- Cholistani cows 1400-2000 26.00 Tharparker cows (D.P) 1000-1400 -- Kankrej cows (D.P) 900-1300 -- Nili-Ravi buffalo 1800-2400 32.00 Kundi buffalo 1600-2200 -- Pakistani Sheep Total Number of breeds =28 + Thin-tail = 21+, Fat-tail = 07 Mostly dual purpose (mutton+carpet wool) Weight of Adult Male =35--45 kg Average dressed carcass = 45--55% Average annual fleece weight=2--5 kg Pakistani Goats Total Number =25 + Milch type (Beetal, D.D.Panah, Kamori) Mostly dual purpose (mutton & milk) Average milk yield (milch type) =2-3 lit/day Average milk yield (other) = < 1.3 lit/day Weight of Adult Male = 25-45 kg Average dressed carcass = 45-55% LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Breeds of Dairy Cattle in India
    BREEDS OF DAIRY CATTLE IN INDIA 1) RED SINDHI: The bred originated in the Sindh province of Pakistan and widely kept as milch cowin India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. They are heat and disease resistant. Colour: red- brown. Body weight : Males: 530 kg Females: 325 Kg. Height: Males: 132 cm Female:115 cm. Average milk yield: 12 litres per day. 1. RED SINDHI:- Kine ki jait masi ki mih na kawei ka jaka ha Ri Pakistan kaba tip kum ka Sindh province bad khambun ia kine ki masi la ju ri ia ki kum ki masi khem dud ha ri India, Pakistan, Bangladesh bad Sri Lanka. Kine ki masi ki lah ruh ban shah ia ka jingshit bad ban ialeh pyrshah ia ki jingpang. Ka rong : Saw ktieh Jingkhia : Shynrang : 530 Kilo Kynthei : 325 kilo Jingjrong : Shynrang : 132 cm Kynthei : 115 cm Jinpynmihdud : 12 Litar ha ka shisngi 1. GITCHAK SINDHI: Ia ma.malko Pakistanni Sindh adoko man.chengaha aro uko dud on.gipa matchu ine India, Pakistan, Bangladesh aro Sri Lanka a.songrango bang.en jilaha. Uarang ding.a aro sabisiko chakchikna man.a Rong: Gitchak-am.ang rong. Jrima: Biparang kg. 530. Bimarang kg 325. Chua: Biparang cm 132 Bimarang cm 115 Dud man.a: Salprako litre 12 2) SAHIWAL The breed originated in Punjab region along the India Pakistan border. It is heat resistant, tick resistant, and is noted for high resistance against parasites ( both internal and external ). It is kept for both milk and draught purpose. Colour: Brownish red to grayish red. Weight: 600kg Height: 114 to 127 cm Average milk yield: 7 to 10 liters per day.
    [Show full text]
  • 21 ECONOMICS of COW MILK PRODUCTION in SINDH and AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan
    Pakistan J. Agric. Res. Vol. 27 No.1, 2014 ECONOMICS OF COW MILK PRODUCTION IN SINDH AND AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan** ABSTRACT:- The study aimed to find out the economics of major breeds of cow in selected areas of Sindh and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. It is based on primary data of 130 livestock farmers, selected through simple random sampling technique. Shares of different feed resources in total feeding cost have been determined and cost-benefit analysis of milk production by ecological zones was also conducted. Wide variations in share of feed sources in total feeding cost per annum, milk productivity and profitability of main cow breeds across selected areas have been observed. Concentrate feeding is the main cost item for cow milk production in irrigated areas of Sindh and constitutes more than half (54 %) of the total feeding cost per annum. While, in coastal and desert areas of Sindh, and mountainous - AJK wheat straw is the major cost item and shares more than half of the total feeding costs per annum (51 - 58 %). Mean milk productions per lactation of Red-Sindhi breed were 1845 lit and 1590 lit in the irrigated and coastal areas of Sindh, respectively. Productivity of Thari breed in desert areas of Sindh and that of non-descript cow breed in AJK was 1411 lit and 2008 lit per lactation, respectively. Cow milk production is profitable farming activity in irrigated areas of Sindh and mountainous-AJK with benefit-cost ratios of 1.5 and 1.4, respectively. While, benefit-cost ratios of cow milk production were 1.0 and 0.7 in desert and coastal areas of Sindh, respectively, indicating subsistence nature of cow farming in these ecologies.
    [Show full text]
  • CBD First National Report
    Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................... 5 GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................................................ 6 LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................. 8 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................ 9 LIST OF BOXES .................................................................................................................................. 10 PAKISTAN FACT SHEET ................................................................................................................. 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 12 1. PREPARATION OF THIS REPORT ........................................................................................ 15 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................... 16 1.1.1 What is Biodiversity? ...................................................................................................... 16 1.1.2 The Convention on Biological Diversity ......................................................................... 17 1.1.3 Pakistan’s Obligations...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • World Beef Cattle Production - S
    AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES – Vol. I - World Beef Cattle Production - S. L. Boyles, Jose M. Pellegrino WORLD BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION S. L. Boyles Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, USA Jose M. Pellegrino Secretariat for Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food, Argentina Keywords: Beef, cattle, ruminant, breeds, meat, bull, steer, cow, heifer, calf. Contents 1. Introduction 2. History 2.1. Trade in Hides and Tallow 2.2. Cured, Preserved, and Tinned Meats 2.3. Exports of Live Cattle 2.4. The Fresh Meat Trade 2.5. World Events can alter Beef Marketing 3. Breeds 3.1. Selected British Breeds 3.2 Selected Continental Breeds. 3.3 Selected Brahman and Brahman Crosses 3.4 Other Breeds 3.5 Composite Breeds 3.6. Trait Selection 3.7. Crossbreeding Cattle 3.8. Heritability 4. Worldwide Distribution 5. Production Systems 5.1. Forage-based Systems versus Grain-based Systems 5.2. Bulls versus Steers 5.3. Multipurpose Cattle Systems 6. Areas of the World 6.1. East and South Asia 6.2. Semi-aridUNESCO Asia and Africa – EOLSS 6.3. Europe, Oceania and the Americas 6.4. Beef from Dairy Herds 6.4.1. Veal CalvesSAMPLE CHAPTERS 6.4.2. Steers and Young Bulls 6.4.3. Cull Cows and Heifers 6.5. Beef from Beef-Type, Cow-Calf Herds 6.5.1. Western Europe 6.5.2. Latin America 6.5.3. North America 6.5.4. Southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand 7. Yield of Animal Products 7.1. Composition of Product ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES – Vol. I - World Beef Cattle Production - S.
    [Show full text]
  • Y-Chromosome Genetic Diversity of Bos Indicus Cattle in Close Proximity to the Centre of Domestication Indrajit Ganguly 1 ✉ , C
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Y-chromosome genetic diversity of Bos indicus cattle in close proximity to the centre of domestication Indrajit Ganguly 1 ✉ , C. Jeevan2, Sanjeev Singh1, S. P. Dixit1, Monika Sodhi1, Ashish Ranjan2, Suchit Kumar2 & Anurodh Sharma1 Y-chromosome genetic diversity in and around its domestication origin and a better understanding of indicine-specifc microsatellite alleles are imperative concerns but less -targeted. We analysed Y-chromosome markers in 301 bulls representing 19 native Indian cattle (Bos indicus) and identifed new alleles and haplotypes. Compared to other indicine studies, the high Y-haplotype diversity found in Indian cattle supports the hypothesis of greater genetic variability across the centre of origin decreasing along migratory routes with increasing distance. Hence, a considerable paternal genetic diversity of Indian cattle appears to have been lost in transboundary commercial indicine breeds. The Khillar and Gir are the most diversifed populations where the frst tends to be the well-diferentiated traditional breed carrying strikingly distinct Y-lineages with typical BM861-158 bp allele, characteristics of taurine cattle, while retaining standard indicine lineages for all other markers. Geographical distribution found to be an unreliable predictor of parental variation, and Y-lineages seemed closely related to Indian breed function/utility. The comprehensive Y-chromosome information will be useful to examine the demographic expansion/spread of Bos indicus lineages from close proximity to the domestication centre across diferent countries worldwide and such diversity should be preserved through efective management and conservation programs. Te wild aurochs subspecies B.p. primigenius in Southwest Asia and B.p. namadicus in India are the ancestors of taurine (Bos taurus) and zebu (Bos indicus) cattle, respectively1.
    [Show full text]
  • Milk and Beef Production in Tropical Environments
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln 3rd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production Animal Science Department 1986 MILK AND BEEF PRODUCTION IN TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS V. K. Taneja INDIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE P. N. Bhat INDIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/wcgalp Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Taneja, V. K. and Bhat, P. N., "MILK AND BEEF PRODUCTION IN TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS" (1986). 3rd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. 57. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/wcgalp/57 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in 3rd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. I I I "... I MILK AND BEEF PRODUCTION IN TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS I I I t- I ::> 0 t- -rl 0 0 I N I V.K. TANEJA AND P.N. BHAT "" I I ::> 0 m 0 m 0 0 I I ::> 0 m 0 m 0 0 I "" I -i -rl .-rl -rl -rl I I INDIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE I I IZA TNAGAR-243122 I I I I INDIA I I I be I i:! 'I ~ I • .-1 I I cO 00 t- N If\ 0 0 I -rl I H " I I +> ::> t- If\ -=:t 0 I t- I rJl SUMMARY ::> 0 0 0"" -rl -rl"" 0 I 0 I -I -rl -rl -rl -rl -rl -rl I -rl I H I I <L> I I 0.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Cattle & Buffalo Breeds%&
    INDIAN CATTLE & BUFFALO BREEDS %& CATTLE INDIAN DAIRY DUAL PURPOSE DROUGHT BREEDS BREEDS PURPOASSE BREEDS SAHIWAL HARIYANA AMRITMAHAL RED SINDHI DEONI KANGAYAM GIR KANKREJ MALVI THARPARKAR ONGOLE HALIKAR KHILAR DANGI RED KANDHARI GAULAU KRISHNAKATHI MEWATI There are total 27 documented Indian breeds of cattles in different regions of India BUFFALO- MURRAH,MEHSANA,SURTI,JAFRABADI, NILIRAVI, PANDHARPURI EXOTIC DAIRY BREEDS -HOLSTEIN FRISEAN, JERSEY, BROWN SWISS DEVELOPED INDIAN DAIRY BREEDS -KARAN SWISS, KARAN FRIESS, BREEDS OF CATTLE INDIAN DAIRY BREED SAHIWAL - ORIGIN - Pakistan (Punjab) CHARACTER - Red colour, loose skin on body, Horns are short & round. MILK PRODUCTION 1100 to 2000 Litres & Fat 5.6 % AVAILABILITY-Punjab –Border area with Pakistan. INDIAN DAIRY BREED RED SINDHI ORIGIN – Sindh province in Pakistan CHARACTER-Dwarf, medium sized ] docile in nature, red colour,short horn. MILK PRODUCTION 1400 to 1500 litre & fat 4.5 to 4.8 AVAILABILITY- Hyderabad,Punjab & Sindh Province in Pakistan INDIAN DAIRY BREED GIR ORIGIN – Gir Forest in Junagarh in Gujrat state CHARACTERISTICS – Red, White,Black spots ,Bulged forehead, Black eyes,Long head,Round horns,Long-round ears. MILK YIELD -1700 to 1800 litre & Fat % 4.9 to 5.5 AVAILABILITY – Gujrat,Kathewad,Baroda & north Maharashtra INDIAN DAIRY BREED THARPARKAR ORIGIN- Sindh province in Pakistan CHARACTER Medium Broad forehead,White- Grey colour MILK YIELD 1400 litres with 5% fat AVAILABILITY- Thar desert,Katch,Marwad DUAL PURPOSE BREEDS HARIYANA ORIGIN – East Punjab Area in India CHARACTER– White-Grey colour,Tall,Bulged forehead,Round horns,Long forehead,Fast runner. MILK YIELD- Average 1200 to 1400 Litre & Fat - 5% AVAILABLE – Rohtak,Gurgaon,Karnal,Delhi DUAL PURPOSE BREEDS ONGOLE ORIGIN- Ongole area of Andhrapredesh,Nellore & Guntur CHARACTERS: White colour,Fleshy,Bulged forehead,Short horns.
    [Show full text]
  • GENETIC RESOURCES and DIVERSITY in PAKISTANI CATTLE Punjab Sindh NWFP Balochistan Pakistan Nu M B
    EXTENSION ARTICLE Pakistan Vet. J., 2008, 28(2): 95-102. GENETIC RESOURCES AND DIVERSITY IN PAKISTANI CATTLE M. SAJJAD KHAN, ZIA-UR REHMAN1 , MUQARRAB A. KHAN2 AND SOHAIL AHMAD3 Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad; 1Toba Tek Singh Sub-campus, University of Agriculture Faisalabad; 2Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, NWFP, Peshawar; 3NWFP Agriculture University, Peshawar, Pakistan ABSTRACT Cattle in Pakistan have traditionally been raised for producing bullocks except breeds such as Sahiwal and Red Sindhi which are established milch breeds. General production system is low-input extensive system with crossbreds mainly raised under intensive high input system in the cattle/buffalo colonies to sustain the demand of milk especially during summer, the slump period in buffalo milk. Although, draft breeds are losing utility yet, it will take many generations before they are replaced due to mechanization. Efforts, however, are needed for their in situ conservation and directional selection towards beef. Institutional records indicate weak genetic control for most of the economic traits but accurate recording of performance and pedigrees can improve these estimates. Breeding policy guidelines need adoption in letter and sprit to conserve various breeds. Institutions established for breed improvement need to be restructured for achieving the goals. Adequate diversity in performance and adaptability can be exploited for actual improvement accruing to conservation and development of indigenous cattle resources. Key words: Cattle, indigenous, diversity, conservation. INTRODUCTION about 2.8% while Sindh’s share has decreased by 3.3%. Concentration of cattle across different areas in any Cattle population of Pakistan is estimated at 29.6 province is not uniform.
    [Show full text]