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The Literature of Arthropods Associated with Soybeans : III, a Bibliography of the Bean Leaf Beetles, Cerotoma Trifurcata

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The Literature of Arthropods Associated with Soybeans : III, a Bibliography of the Bean Leaf Beetles, Cerotoma Trifurcata LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN Y\o.(oG ' €)£) Lz^lQ^^^J SURVEY The Literature of Arthropods Associated—with Soybeans III. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE r u. BEAN LEAF BEETLES Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster) and C. ruficornis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) M. P. NICHOLS • M. KOGAN • G. P. WALDBAUER Biological Notes No. 85 ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY Urbana, Illinois- February, 1974 STATE OF ILLINOIS Department of Registration and Education Natural History Survey Division The Literature of Arthropods Associated with Soybeans III. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE BEAN LEAF BEETLES Cerotoma trifurcato (Forster) and C. ruficornis (Olivier) (Goleoptera: Ghrysomelidae) M. P. Nichols, M. Kogan, and G. P. Waldbauer Two SPECIES of the genus Ceroioma Chevrolat, (Horn, 1872)' as the synonyms of C. ruficornis. Her- 1837,' are important agricultural pests and have be- zog (1968)' made a detailed study of the color varia- come significant elements of the arthropod fauna asso- tions of C trifiircata. ciated with soybeans in the World. C. trifitrcata New The distribution of each species is known only in (Forster, the only species of the known 1771)Ms genus general terms. C. trifiircata is found from southern to attack soybeans in the continental United States, Canada to the Gulf states, extending from the Atlan- while C. ruficornis (Olivier, 1791)^ occurs primarily tic coast westward to South Dakota in the north and south of the United States. to Arizona in the south. It is also found in Puerto Both species are well defined taxonomically, and Rico. C. ruficornis is widely distributed in the West despite considerable variation in their color and pat- Indies and, on the mainland, occurs in Florida and tem the synonymy is not extensi\e. Tlie primary Texas and from Mexico to northern Venezuela, synonyms of C. trifurcata are C. caminea ( Fabricius, Bean leaf beetles damage several growth stages 1801)," which appears frequently in the literature, of soybeans, with the amount of damage varying from And C. fibulata (Gemiar, 1824)^ Barber (1945)' lists region to region according to the phenology of die C. denticornis (Fabricius, 1792)' and C. sexpunctatus beetles and their host plants. The larvae feed on the 'See entry 161 in the bibliography. 1 See entry 97 in the bibliography. entry the bibliograpliy. „ , 'See 154 in 2 See entry 121 in the bibliography. This paper is published by authority of the State of Illinois, 3«ppJ see enirypntrv ^oo2tK in methp hihlineranhvDiouograpny. jj^g ^^ ^27, Par. 58.12. M, P. Nichols is a Research Associate, 4 See entry 114 in the bibliography. International Programs and Studies, University of Illinois. Dr. Kogan is an Associate Entomologist at the Illinois Natural 5 See entry 130 in the bibliography. History Survey and Associate Professor at the University of 6 See entry 32 in the bibliography. Illinois College of Agriculture. Dr. G P. Waldbauer is a Pro- fessor of Entomology and of Agricultural Entomology at the 7 See entry 113 in the bibliography. University of Illinois. This paper is a contribution of the Illinois Soybean Entomology Team with sup- port from the Illinois Natural History Survey, the University of Illinois Interna- tional Soybean Program (INTSOY), the University of Illinois Departments of Ento- mology and Horticulture, the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station and the U.S. Department of Agriculture through the regional project S-74, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and National Science Foundation Grant GB-34718, Soy- bean Sub-project. Illinois Soybean Entomology Team: E. J. Armbkust — Biology, Ecology, and Control J. K. BousEMAN — Taxonomy B. J. Ford — Information Storage and Eetrieval G. L. Godfrey — Taxonomy E. R. Jaycox — Pollination M. KoGAN — Host Selection and Nutrition W. H. LucKMANN — Pest Management M. P. Nichols — Information Storage and Retrieval P, W. Price — Community Ecology S. J. Roberts — Biology and Control W. G. RuEsiNK — Ecology', Systems Analysis D. K. Sell — Population Genetics L. J. Stannard — Taxonomy G. P. Waldbauer — Bionomics subterranean parts and adults feed on the foliage and This bibliography follows closely the format and sometimes on the green pods. The information out- style of the two pre\ious publications in this series." lined below is based largely on accounts of the be- Sources of the entries listed were primarily Biological ha^'ior of C. trifuicata. However, it is likely that the Abstracts, The Review of Applied Entomology Series behavior of C. rtificornis differs only in detail. A, Bio-Research Index, Biological and Agricultural C. trifitrcata has two or three complete genera- Index, Index to the Literature of American Economic tions per year throughout its geographic range. Thus, Entomology, and references cited in articles and in- an abundance of adults may coincide with three stages quiries to researchers. All entries except No. 121 were of plant growth. In the Midwest, overwintered adults examined. The references are listed alphabetically by may invade soybean fields soon after gennination author and numbered consecutively. The numbers are and may destroy large numbers of seedlings. Re- arranged in a table (see pages 8 and 9) according planting occasionally has been necessary. Adults of to subject and period of publication. A reference the first generation are usually present during the may be listed under more than one subject. Refer- period of strong vegetative growth. Tliey feed almost ences which apply to C. trifurcata are tabulated by exclusi\'ely on the leaves, and economic damage due number in lightface type. Those which apply to C. to feeding per se results only when populations are ruficornis follow and are in boldface type. References extremely high. However, C. trifurcata also transmits which refer to both species will appear twice under the bean pod mottle virus. The effect of this virus a heading. on yield is not clear, but there is evidence that when Interested researchers are urged to consult the multiple infections occur it may have a synergistic USDA Cooperative Economic Insect Report and the relationship with the soybean mosaic virus. C. rtifi- USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin for further infor- cornis is known to transmit the cowpea mosaic virus. mation concerning C. trifurcata. Adults of tlie last generation may accumulate in late SIRIC (Soybean Insect Research and Information maturing fields and attack green pods. In such cases Center, Illinois Natural History Survey and University the yield is directly affected. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ) has developed a Intercrop relationships are an important factor to series of computer programs which make possible be considered in pest-management programs involv- more detailed searches of the literature according to ing the bean leaf beetles. Isely (1942)'° reported subject matter. All citations in this bibliography are that in Arkansas enormous populations of adult C. stored on tape, and can be retrieved through a series trifurcata developed on soybeans. Snapbeans for the of key words which define categories considerably fall market were planted in midsummer and were still more refined than those listed in the table on pages green when the early-planted soybeans were losing 8 and 9. The computerized information system their leaves and nearing maturity. The smaller acre- greatly increases the usefulness of the printed bibliog- ages of snapbeans were then suddenly flooded with raphies, and the two together are an important part large numbers of beetles emigrating from the soy- of the effort of the Illinois Soybean Entomology Team bean fields. to search out, compile, and organize for ready access At least four additional species of Cerotoma are the ever-increasing information on soybean entomol- known to be associated with soybeans or other grain ogy for the benefit of all professionals working in this legumes in South America. C. facialis Erickson, 1847," area. 1866,'' and C. salvini Baly, are known from Panama, Abbreviations and complete titles of the sources Colombia, and Peru; C. [Andrector] nifxcoUis (Fabri- which appear in the bibliographic entries are to be cius, 1801)" and C. unicornis (Germar, 1824)'" are found in a listing at the end of the paper. known from Brazil. Published information on these We are grateful to Dr. Donald C. Herzog, Depart- species consists of little more than the original de- ment of Entomology, Louisiana State University, for scriptions and listings in faunistic surveys and system- making his bibliography on Cerotoma available to us. atic catalogues. The pertinent literature on the Mrs. Jo Ann Auble typed the introduction and Mr. Brazilian species up to December 1962 may be found Raymond Kotek typed the bibliography and did por- inSilvaetal (1967)". tions of the bibliographic search. Mr. O. F. Glrssen- dorf edited the manuscript and Mr. Lloyd LeMere designed the co\'er which shows a photograph by Mr. Zehr. Their collaboration is gratefully 10 See entry 174 in the bibliography. Wilmer acknowledged. " Erickson. G. F. 1847. Conspectus insectorum Coleopterorura quae in Republica Peruana observata sunt. Arch. Naturgesch. 13(1) :67-185. '2 Baly, G. F. 1866. New genera and species of Gallerucinae. Trans. Entomol. Soc. London (Ser. 3) 2:471-478. 14 Nichols, M. P.. and M. Kogan. 1972. The literature of arthro- pods associated with soybeans. I. A bibliography of the Mexican '3 See entry 114 in the bibliography. bean beetle. Epilachna varivestia Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinel- lidae). III. Natur. Hist. Surv. Biol. Notes 77. 20 p. '4 See entry 130 in the bibliography. DeWitt, N. B., and G. L. Godfrey. 1972. The literature of 15 Silva, A. et al. 1967-1968. Quarto catalogo dos insetos que arthropods associated with soybeans. II. A bibliography of the vivem nas plantas do Brasil seus parasites e predadores. Minis- soutliem green stink bug, Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) (Hemip- terio da Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2 vols. tera: Pentatomidae). 111. Natur. Hist. Surv. Biol. Notes 78. 23 p. BIBLIOGRAPHY diseases and injurious insects in South Carolina.
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