Kamath, Sandip Dayanand (2014) Identification and Characterisation of Novel Shellfish Allergens for Improved Diagosis. Phd Thesis, James Cook University
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Identification of Characterizing Aroma Components of Roasted Chicory
Article Cite This: J. Agric. Food Chem. XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX pubs.acs.org/JAFC Identification of Characterizing Aroma Components of Roasted Chicory “Coffee” Brews Tiandan Wu and Keith R. Cadwallader* Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1302 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: The roasted and ground root of the chicory plant (Cichorium intybus), often referred to as chicory coffee, has served as a coffee surrogate for well over 2 centuries and is still in common use today. Volatile components of roasted chicory brews were identified by direct solvent extraction and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) combined with gas chromatography−olfactometry (GC−O), aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), and gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS). A total of 46 compounds were quantitated by stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA) and internal standard methods, and odor-activity values (OAVs) were calculated. On the basis of the combined results of AEDA and OAVs, rotundone was considered to be the most potent odorant in roasted chicory. On the basis of their high OAVs, additional predominant odorants included 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (sotolon), 2-methylpropanal, 3-methylbutanal, 2,3- dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (dihydromaltol), 1-octen-3-one, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, 4-hydroxy-2,5- dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF), and 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone (maltol). Rotundone, with its distinctive aromatic woody, peppery, and “chicory-like” note was also detected in five different commercial ground roasted chicory products. -
Myosin II Sequences for Lethocerus Indicus
J Muscle Res Cell Motil DOI 10.1007/s10974-017-9476-6 Myosin II sequences for Lethocerus indicus Lanette Fee1 · Weili Lin2 · Feng Qiu2 · Robert J. Edwards1 Received: 8 May 2017 / Accepted: 10 July 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract We present the genomic and expressed myo- that informed the early swinging crossbridge theory of sin II sequences from the giant waterbug, Lethocerus indi- contraction (Huxley and Brown 1967; Huxley 1969) was cus. The intron rich gene appears relatively ancient and the observation of tilted myosin heads attached to actin contains six regions of mutually exclusive exons that are in rigor Lethocerus muscle (Reedy et al. 1965). The first alternatively spliced. Alternatively spliced regions may be time-resolved X-ray diffraction of actively contracting mus- involved in the asymmetric myosin dimer structure known cle took advantage of the oscillatory contraction mode of as the interacting heads motif, as well as stabilizing the Lethocerus muscle (Tregear and Miller 1969). The subse- interacting heads motif within the thick filament. A lack of quent development of modern synchrotron X-ray sources negative charge in the myosin S2 domain may explain why was initially driven by the problem of muscle (Holmes and Lethocerus thick filaments display a perpendicular interact- Rosenbaum 1998), and the first synchrotron X-ray pattern ing heads motif, rather than one folded back to contact S2, was recorded from Lethocerus muscle (Rosenbaum et al. as is seen in other thick filament types such as those from 1971). The first cryo-EM images of isolated myosin fila- tarantula. -
Marine Biodiversity of the Northern and Yorke Peninsula NRM Region
Marine Environment and Ecology Benthic Ecology Subprogram Marine Biodiversity of the Northern and Yorke Peninsula NRM Region SARDI Publication No. F2009/000531-1 SARDI Research Report series No. 415 Keith Rowling, Shirley Sorokin, Leonardo Mantilla and David Currie SARDI Aquatic Sciences PO Box 120 Henley Beach SA 5022 December 2009 Prepared for the Department for Environment and Heritage 1 Marine Biodiversity of the Northern and Yorke Peninsula NRM Region Keith Rowling, Shirley Sorokin, Leonardo Mantilla and David Currie December 2009 SARDI Publication No. F2009/000531-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 415 Prepared for the Department for Environment and Heritage 2 This Publication may be cited as: Rowling, K.P., Sorokin, S.J., Mantilla, L. & Currie, D.R. (2009) Marine Biodiversity of the Northern and Yorke Peninsula NRM Region. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2009/000531-1. South Australian Research and Development Institute SARDI Aquatic Sciences 2 Hamra Avenue West Beach SA 5024 Telephone: (08) 8207 5400 Facsimile: (08) 8207 5406 http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au DISCLAIMER The authors warrant that they have taken all reasonable care in producing this report. The report has been through the SARDI internal review process, and has been formally approved for release by the Chief of Division. Although all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure quality, SARDI does not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions. SARDI does not accept any liability for the contents of this report or for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed upon it. -
Wild-Harvested Edible Insects
28 Six-legged livestock: edible insect farming, collecting and marketing in Thailand Collecting techniques Wild-harvested edible insects Bamboo caterpillars are mainly collected in the north of Thailand. Apart from farmed edible insects like Bamboo caterpillars were tradi onally crickets and palm weevil larvae, other collected by cutting down entire edible insect species such as silkworm bamboo clumps to harvest the pupae, grasshoppers, weaver ants and caterpillars. This approach was bamboo caterpillars are also popular destruc ve and some mes wasteful food items and can be found in every of bamboo material. More recently a market. less invasive collec on method has been tried. Sustainable collec on Grasshoppers, weaver ants, giant without cutting bamboo trees is water bugs and bamboo caterpillars starting to be practised by local are the most popular wild edible people. Mr.Piyachart, a collector of insects consumed. Grasshoppers are bamboo caterpillars from the wild, collected in the wild, but mainly was interviewed in Chiang Rai Province imported from Cambodia; weaver to learn about his sustainable ants and bamboo caterpillars are collecting method. The adult harvested in the wild seasonally. caterpillar exits, a er pupa emergence, from a hole at the base of the bamboo stem. The fi rst or second internode is Bamboo caterpillar examined to reveal the damage (Omphisa fuscidenƩ alis caused by the bamboo caterpillar and Hampson, Family its loca on. The denseness of an Pyralidae) internode is a clue to indicate the presence of bamboo caterpillars. The Known in Thai as rod fai duan or ‘the harves ng of bamboo caterpillars is express train’ the larvae live inside conducted by slicing the specifi c bamboo plants for around ten months. -
The Yellow Mealworm As a Novel Source of Protein
American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 4 (4): 319-331, 2009 ISSN 1557-4989 © 2009 Science Publications The Yellow Mealworm as a Novel Source of Protein 1A.E. Ghaly and 2F.N. Alkoaik 1Department of Biological Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada 2Department of Agricultural engineering, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Abstract: Problem statement: Yellow mealworms of different sizes (4.8-182.7 mg) were grown in a medium of wheat flour and brewer’s yeast (95:5 by weight) to evaluate their potential as a protein source. Approach: There was an initial adjustment period (3-9 days) observed during which the younger larvae (4.8-61.1 mg) grew slowly while the older ones (80.3-182.7 mg) lost weight. After this initial period, the younger larvae (4.8-122.1 mg) increased in weight while the older ones (139.6-182.7 mg) continued to lose weight as they entered the pupal stage. For efficient production of larvae, they should be harvested at a weight of 100-110 mg. The moisture issue in the medium presents an important management problem for commercial production. Results: A system in which eggs are separate from adults and hatched in separate chambers would alleviate the danger of losing the larval population due to microbial infection. The moisture, ash, protein and fat contents were 58.1-61.5, 1.8- 2.2, 24.3-27.6 and 12.0-12.5%, respectively. Yellow mealworms seem to be a promising source of protein for human consumption with the required fat and essential amino acids. -
Management of the Proposed Geographe Bay Blue Swimmer and Sand Crab Managed Fishery
Research Library Fisheries management papers Fisheries Research 8-2003 Management of the proposed Geographe Bay blue swimmer and sand crab managed fishery. Jane Borg Follow this and additional works at: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/fr_fmp Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, and the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Borg, J. (2003), Management of the proposed Geographe Bay blue swimmer and sand crab managed fishery.. Department of Fisheries Western Australia, Perth. Report No. 170. This report is brought to you for free and open access by the Fisheries Research at Research Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fisheries management papers by an authorized administrator of Research Library. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MANAGEMENT OF THE PROPOSED GEOGRAPHE BAY BLUE SWIMMER AND SAND CRAB MANAGED FISHERY A management discussion paper By Jane Borg and Cathy Campbell FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PAPER NO. 170 Department of Fisheries 168 St. George's Terrace Perth WA 6000 August 2003 ISSN 0819-4327 Fisheries Management Paper No. 170 Management of the Proposed Geographe Bay Blue Swimmer and Sand Crab Managed Fishery August 2003 Fisheries Management Paper No. 170 ISSN 0819-4327 2 Fisheries Management Paper No. 170 CONTENTS OPPORTUNITY TO COMMENT................................................................................ 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................... -
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY of IMPROVED EXTENSIVE SHRIMP FARMING in CA MAU PROVINCE, VIETNAM Master Thesis in International Fisheries A
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF IMPROVED EXTENSIVE SHRIMP FARMING IN CA MAU PROVINCE, VIETNAM By PHAM BA VU TUNG Master Thesis in International Fisheries and Aquaculture Management and Economics (30 ECTS) The Norwegian College of Fishery Science University of Tromso, Norway & Nhatrang University, Vietnam MAY 2010 DECLARATION This thesis has composed in its entirety by the candidate and no part of this work has been submitted for any other degree. Candidate: Pham Ba Vu Tung i Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to measure the mean technical efficiency of improved extensive shrimp farming in Cai Nuoc and Dam Doi districts, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam. Data Envelopment Analysis Input-oriented variable return to scale were used in this thesis and estimating technical super-efficiency was regressed to the pond area, farmer experiences, black tiger shrimp, mud crab stocking density and education of farmers. Technical efficiency of observation farms was the identified determinant factor, results indicated that pond area, experience and education of the owners of the shrimp farms were the mainly positive factors that influence efficiency of improved extensive shrimp farming in both districts. Nevertheless, only in Dam Doi district shrimp stocking density have a negative relationship with technical efficiency. A comparison between the technical efficiency results of the two districts showed that the farms in Cai Nuoc were more highly efficient than farms in Dam Doi District. To improve technical efficiency, the government should conduct training on techniques in shrimp polyculture, establish farmers’ organization should assist to help farmers share their experiences and provide mutual help. In addition, extension officers should organize regular training courses in shrimp polyculture model to help farmers in both districts increasing productivity. -
A List of Edible Insects Sold at the Public Market in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand
Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 22, No.3, December 1984 A List of Edible Insects Sold at the Public Market in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand Hiroyuki WATANABE* and Rojchai SATRAWAHA** In their book Edible Insects in North the insects sold. The junior author has east Thailand, Varaasvapati et al. [1975] been making a study of edible insects in describe various insects eaten as food, northeastern Thailand since 1981. including stink bugs, water-scorpions, and mantids. This was followed by Mung A List of Edible Insects Sold at the Public korndin [1981], Forests as a Source of Food Market in Khon Kaen to Rural Communities in Thailand, which The following list covers items consist deals with the edible plants and animals of ing of a single insect or a main insect the whole of Thailand. Moreover, Sang with a small admixture of closely related pradub [1982J found that insects account species. Mixtures of diverse insects sold for 44 percent of edible invertebrates 1ll unsorted or of a main insect with other northeast Thailand. insects for bulk are beyond the scope of We have found that various insects are this list. The seasons of sale are coded sold as food at the public market in Khan as follows in the list. Kaen, a major city of northeastern Thai land. This paper describes 15 of these A: Most or all of the year insects, their prices, seasons and other B: Mainly the rainy season (May details. October) The senior author stayed 1ll Khan B': A short period at the end of the Kaen several times in the period 1979-1981 rainy season (September-October) and often visited the market and checked C: Mainly the dry season (February April) * iltjll51z., Division of Tropical Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan While some insects are sold Uve, most ** Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, are first steamed. -
Resource Assessments for Multi-Species Fisheries In
CM 2007/O:11 Resource assessments for multi-species fisheries in NSW, Australia: qualitative status determination using life history characteristics, empirical indicators and expert review. James Scandol and Kevin Rowling Wild Fisheries Program; Systems Research Branch Division of Science and Research; NSW Department of Primary Industries Cronulla Fisheries Centre; PO Box 21, Cronulla NSW 2230 Not to be cited without prior reference to the authors Abstract As the scope of fisheries management continues to broaden, there is increased pressure on scientific assessment processes to consider a greater number of species. This expanded list of species will inevitably include those with a range of life-history strategies, heterogeneous sources of information, and diverse stakeholder values. When faced with this challenge in New South Wales (Australia), the Department of Primary Industries developed systems and processes that scaled efficiently as the number of species requiring consideration increased. The key aspects of our approach are: • A qualitative determination of exploitation status based upon expert review. The current categories are: growth/recruitment overfished, fully fished, moderately fished, lightly fished, undefined and uncertain. • Application of management rules that require a Species Recovery Program should any species be determined to be overfished. • An emphasis on readily calculated empirical indicators (such as catch, catch-rates, length and age composition), rather than model-based estimates of biomass or fishing mortality. • Use of databases and electronic reporting systems to calculate empirical indicators based upon specified rules. Currently, there are 90 species considered with around six scientific and technical staff. These species were identified by commercial fishers as the important species from five multi-species and multi- method input-controlled fisheries. -
The South Australian Marine Scalefish Fishery Status Report -Analysis Of
MMSSF Analysis of Fishery Statistics – 2013 The South AAustralianAuustralian stralian Marine Scalefish Fishery Status Report – Analysis ooff Fishery Statistics for 202011 2/13 AJ Fowler, R MMcGarvey, cGarvey, MA Steer and JE FFeeenstraenstra SARDI Publication No. F2007/000565-8 SARDI Research Report Series No. 747 SARDI Aquatic Sciences PPOO Box 120 Henley Beach SA 5022 December 2013 Report to PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture i MSF Analysis of Fishery Statistics – 2013 ii MSF Analysis of Fishery Statistics – 2013 The South Australian Marine Scalefish Fishery Status Report – Analysis of Fishery Statistics for 2012/13 Report to PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture AJ Fowler, R McGarvey, MA Steer and JE Feenstra SARDI Publication No. F2007/000565-8 SARDI Research Report Series No. 747 December 2013 iii MSF Analysis of Fishery Statistics – 2013 This publication may be cited as: Fowler, A.J., McGarvey, R., Steer, M.A. and Feenstra, J.E. (2013). The South Australian Marine Scalefish Fishery Status Report – Analysis of Fishery Statistics for 2012/13. Report to PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2007/000565-8. SARDI Research Report Series No. 747. 44pp. South Australian Research and Development Institute SARDI Aquatic Sciences 2 Hamra Avenue West Beach SA 5024 Telephone: (08) 8207 5400 Facsimile: (08) 8207 5406 http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au DISCLAIMER The authors warrant that they have taken all reasonable care in producing this report. The report has been through the SARDI internal review process, and has been formally approved for release by the Research Chief, Aquatic Sciences. Although all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure quality, SARDI does not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions. -
Assessment of the Victorian Rock Lobster Fishery Against Commonwealth Guidelines for the Ecologically Sustainable Management of Fisheries
Assessment of the Victorian Rock Lobster Fishery against Commonwealth Guidelines for the Ecologically Sustainable Management of Fisheries A Submission to Environment Australia Fisheries Victoria Management Report Series; No 3 June 2003 © The State of Victoria, Department of Primary Industries, 2003 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged • no official connection is claimed • the material is made available without charge or at cost • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Fisheries Victoria, Copyright Officer, P.O. Box 500, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002 ISSN 1448-1693 ISBN Published by the Department of Primary Industries Fisheries Victoria PO Box 500 East Melbourne Victoria 3002 Disclaimer: This publication may be of assistance to you, but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. Fishing regulations are a summary of the law at the time of publication and this brochure cannot be used in court. Fishing laws change from time to time. -
Aquatic Insects and Their Potential to Contribute to the Diet of the Globally Expanding Human Population
insects Review Aquatic Insects and their Potential to Contribute to the Diet of the Globally Expanding Human Population D. Dudley Williams 1,* and Siân S. Williams 2 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada 2 The Wildlife Trust, The Manor House, Broad Street, Great Cambourne, Cambridge CB23 6DH, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Academic Editors: Kerry Wilkinson and Heather Bray Received: 28 April 2017; Accepted: 19 July 2017; Published: 21 July 2017 Abstract: Of the 30 extant orders of true insect, 12 are considered to be aquatic, or semiaquatic, in either some or all of their life stages. Out of these, six orders contain species engaged in entomophagy, but very few are being harvested effectively, leading to over-exploitation and local extinction. Examples of existing practices are given, ranging from the extremes of including insects (e.g., dipterans) in the dietary cores of many indigenous peoples to consumption of selected insects, by a wealthy few, as novelty food (e.g., caddisflies). The comparative nutritional worth of aquatic insects to the human diet and to domestic animal feed is examined. Questions are raised as to whether natural populations of aquatic insects can yield sufficient biomass to be of practicable and sustained use, whether some species can be brought into high-yield cultivation, and what are the requirements and limitations involved in achieving this? Keywords: aquatic insects; entomophagy; human diet; animal feed; life histories; environmental requirements 1. Introduction Entomophagy (from the Greek ‘entoma’, meaning ‘insects’ and ‘phagein’, meaning ‘to eat’) is a trait that we Homo sapiens have inherited from our early hominid ancestors.