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NOMINATION of Ministry of Water & Electricity Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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NOMINATION of Ministry of Water & Electricity Kingdom of Saudi Arabia NOMINATION OF Ministry of Water & Electricity Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Supporting Documents For King Hassan II Great World Water Prize 2012 Table of Contents PART 1: BACKGROUND INFORMATION ....................................................... 4 1.1 Location and Geography .................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Climate ................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Population ............................................................................................................................................ 6 1.4 Urbanization ........................................................................................................................................ 7 PART 2: WATER RESOURCES IN THE KINGDOM ........................................ 9 2.1 Surface water ....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Groundwater ......................................................................................................................................10 2.2.1 Shallow Alluvial Aquifers ..........................................................................................................11 2.2.2 Fossil Groundwater Aquifers .....................................................................................................11 2.3 Treated Wastewater ...........................................................................................................................14 2.4 Desalination Water ............................................................................................................................14 2.5 Water Demand ...................................................................................................................................15 2.5.1 Domestic Water Demands ..........................................................................................................16 2.5.2 Industrial Water Demand ...........................................................................................................17 2.5.3 Agricultural Water Demand .......................................................................................................17 2.6 Water Supply ......................................................................................................................................19 2.7 Average Water Share ........................................................................................................................19 PART 3: CHALLENGES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF WATER SECURITY BEFOR MOWE ERA .......................................................................................... 21 3.1 Pending Challenges of water security in KSA .................................................................................21 3.2 The impact of pending challenges .....................................................................................................22 3.3 Achievements before Mowe Era .......................................................................................................22 3.3.1 Institutional and Legislations .....................................................................................................22 3.3.2 Demand Management .................................................................................................................23 3.3.2.1 Domestic Water Demand Management ............................................................................23 3.3.2.2 Irrigation water demand management ...............................................................................24 3.3.2.3 Industrial Water Demand Management ............................................................................26 3.3.3 Major Projects and Studies .........................................................................................................27 3.3.3.1 Preliminary Studies on Water Possibilities .......................................................................27 3.3.3.2 Preliminary Studies for Water Sources .............................................................................29 3.3.3.3 Surface Water Projects ......................................................................................................29 3.3.3.4 Groundwater Projects........................................................................................................30 3.3.3.5 Water Desalination ...........................................................................................................32 3.3.3.5.1 Phases of Development of Desalination .......................................................................32 2 3.3.3.5.2 Establishment of the Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) .........................34 3.3.3.6 Treated Wastewater ..........................................................................................................35 3.4 National development plan and water use in Saudi Arabia ...........................................................35 PART 4: NEW ERA: SUSTAINABLE WATER SECURITY AFTER ESTABLISHMENT OF MOWE ........................................................................... 38 4.1 Objectives Related to Water .............................................................................................................38 4.2 Organization Structure of the MoWE ..............................................................................................40 4.3 Achievements of MoWE ....................................................................................................................41 4.3.1 Restructuring of MoWE .............................................................................................................41 4.3.1.1 National Water Company .................................................................................................41 4.3.1.2 Saline Water Conversion Corporation ..............................................................................43 4.3.1.3 Saudi Electricity Company ...............................................................................................43 4.3.1.4 Water & Electricity Company...........................................................................................45 4.3.1.5 Electricity &Co-Generation Regulatory Authority (ECRA) .............................................46 4.3.2 National Water Strategy .............................................................................................................48 4.3.3 National Comprehensive Water Act ...........................................................................................53 4.3.4 Privatization of the Water and Wastewater Sector .....................................................................54 4.3.4.1 The Kingdom's Vision of Privatization .............................................................................54 4.3.4.2 Objectives of Privatization ................................................................................................55 4.3.4.3 The Strategic Plan for Privatizing the Sector ....................................................................56 4.3.4.4 Implementation of the Privatization Plan ..........................................................................56 (1) The National Water Company ...............................................................................................56 (2) The Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) .............................................................57 4.3.5 Water Supply and Demand .........................................................................................................60 4.3.5.1 Water Supply ....................................................................................................................60 4.3.5.2 Water Demand ..................................................................................................................63 4.3.6 Water Conservation ....................................................................................................................63 4.3.6.1 Objectives of the National Water Conservation Campaign ..............................................63 4.3.6.2 Programs of the National Water Conservation Campaign ................................................64 3 PART 1: BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1.1 Location and Geography Saudi Arabia is situated at the furthermost part of the southwestern Asia, and it occupies about four-fifth of the Arab Peninsula, with a total area about 2 million square kilometers of which about 40% are desert lands. It lies within Latitudes 16o and 32 o 12' N, and longitudes 34 o 36'E. Saudi Arabia is bounded by seven countries and three bodies of water. Saudi Arabia is bounded on the west by the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea; on the east by the Arabian Gulf, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates; on the south by Yemen and Oman; and on the north by Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait (Figure 1). The total land boundaries is about 4,415 km ( Iraq 814 km, Jordan 728 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman 676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, and Yemen 1,458 km). The coastline is about 2,640 km (1,800 on the Gulf of Aqaba and Red Sea and about 864 km on the Arabian Gulf). Figure 1: Location map of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia's geography is varied. From the western coastal region (Tihamah), the land rises from sea level to a peninsula-long mountain range (Jabal Al-Hejaz)
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