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{PDF EPUB} Vala Or the Four Zoas by William Blake Vala Or the Four Zoas Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Vala or the Four Zoas by William Blake Vala or The Four Zoas. Learn about this topic in these articles: discussed in biography. In the epic poem Vala or The Four Zoas (manuscript 1796?–1807?), he writes, “Urizen rose up from his couch / On wings of tenfold joy, clapping his hands,” and, in his poem Milton , plates 29 and 33 portray figures, labeled “William” and “Robert,” falling backward as a star plunges… …writings are his enormous prophecies Vala or The Four Zoas (which Blake composed and revised from roughly 1796 to 1807 but never published), Milton , and Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion . In them, his myth expands, adding to Urizen (reason) and Los (imagination) the Zoas Tharmas and Luvah. (The… place in English literature. …ambitiously, in the unfinished manuscript Vala (later redrafted as The Four Zoas ), written from about 1796 to about 1807. Vala sau The Four Zoas - Vala, or The Four Zoas. Vala, sau The Four Zoas, se referă la una dintre cărțile profetice neterminate ale poetului englez William Blake , începută în 1797. Personajele principale ale cărții sunt cele patru Zoas ( Urthona , Urizen , Luvah și Tharmas ), care au fost create de căderea lui Albion în mitologia lui Blake . Este format din nouă cărți, denumite „nopți”. Acestea prezintă interacțiunile Zoas, formele lor căzute și Emanațiile lor . Blake a intenționat ca cartea să fie o însumare a universului său mitic , dar, nemulțumit, a abandonat efortul în 1807, lăsând poemul într-o schiță brută și gravarea sa neterminată. Textul poeziei a fost publicat pentru prima dată (cu doar o mică parte din ilustrațiile însoțitoare), în 1893, de poetul irlandez WB Yeats și colegul său de colaborare, scriitorul și poetul englez Edwin John Ellis , în cartea de comentarii în trei volume. despre lucrările lui William Blake, The Works of William Blake . Cuprins. fundal. Blake a început să lucreze la Vala, sau The Death and Judgment of the Eternal Man: A Dream of Nine Nights, în timp ce lucra la o ediție ilustrată a lui Edward Young 's Night Thoughts după 1795. El a continuat să lucreze la el de-a lungul deceniului, dar încet și-a pierdut încrederea că ar putea finaliza lucrarea, deoarece suferea de o stare profundă de depresie. După 1800, a reușit să lucreze din nou la asta. Poezia a fost redenumită ulterior Cei patru Zoas: chinurile Iubirii și geloziei din Moartea și judecata lui Albion the Ancient Man în 1807, iar acest nume este folosit pentru a descrie o a doua versiune a poemului, cu prima finalizată între 1796 și 1802. Manuscrisul propriu-zis al poeziei a fost scris pe gravuri de dovadă ale gândurilor nocturne . Liniile au fost înconjurate de desene mari și au existat în jur de 2.000 de linii în ediția originală a poemului și 4.000 în a doua ediție. Din revizuirea Blake la lucrare, el a schimbat în primul rând ultimele două „nopți”. Vala era mult mai mare decât oricare dintre lucrările sale anterioare. Europe a Prophecy avea 265 de rânduri și era tipărit pe plăci de cupru care măsurau 23 x 17 cm. Plăcile folosite pentru a imprima Vala aveau 41 x 32 cm. De asemenea, lucrarea a durat mult mai mult decât lucrările sale anterioare; majoritatea proiectelor lui Blake au fost finalizate în decurs de un an, dar Vala a durat zece ani până la finalizarea întregului proces. Un caiet a fost probabil folosit pentru a redacta poezia sau desenele operei, dar niciunul nu a supraviețuit. Una dintre foile manuscrise a fost folosită inițial pentru a crea o istorie a Angliei care a fost abandonată de Blake în 1793. Lucrarea nu a fost niciodată pusă în gravură, iar manuscrisul a fost dat lui John Linnell . Porțiuni din lucrare au fost folosite mai târziu în Ierusalimul Emanația albionului uriaș . Poezia este împărțită în nouă „nopți”. Începe o schiță timpurie: Acesta este mormântul lui Eno care a zguduit cerurile cu mânie și astfel începe Cartea Vala pe care oricine o citește Dacă, cu inteligența sa, înțelege cumplita Frază Cerurile se vor cutremura, pământul se va mișca și se va înfiora și munții cu toate pădurile lor, pârâurile și văile: bocesc de frică dezgustătoare. În a doua „noapte”, se discută tema guvernării femeilor, dar se pune accentul pe modul în care capacitatea de a le crea constrânge. Omenirea este închisă de creație, iar experiența provoacă o durere mare: Care este prețul Experienței? o cumpără bărbații pentru o melodie Sau înțelepciunea pentru un dans pe stradă? Nu, este cumpărat cu prețul Din tot ce are un bărbat, casa lui, soția sa, copiii săi. Înțelepciunea este vândută în piața pustie, unde nimeni nu vine să cumpere Și în câmpul de veșnic, unde fermierul ară degeaba pentru pâine. „Noaptea” finală descrie Los mărturisind o viziune a răstignirii lui Hristos în mâinile lui Urizen . In raspuns: . Își pierde mâinile de legume Outstretchd; mâna dreaptă ramificându-se în puterea fibroasă, Siezd Soarele; mâna stângă ca niște rădăcini întunecate acopereau Luna Și le dărâmau crăpând cerurile de la imens la imens. Apoi au căzut focurile Eternității cu un sunet puternic și strident Trompetă tunând de-a lungul cerului spre cer Un sunet puternic articulat „Deșteptați-vă morți și veniți la judecată din cele patru vânturi! Deșteptați- vă și veniți!” Se pliază ca sulurile volumului enorm al Cerului și Pământului Cu zgomot tunător și tremurături groaznice care se învârt încoace și încolo, Cerurile sunt zguduite și Pământul îndepărtat de locul său. Vala conchide: . Urthona se ridică din zidurile ruine În toate forțele sale antice pentru a forma armura de aur a științei Pentru războiul intelectual. Războiul săbiilor a dispărut acum, Religiile întunecate au dispărut și domnește știința dulce. La fel ca multe dintre lucrările lui Blake, desenele din Vala descriu activitatea sexuală sau organele genitale ale individului. Blake a folosit aceste imagini ca parte a unei sărbători generale a sexului și sexualității. Acest accent pus pe sexualitatea liberă apare în Căsătoria cerului și iadului , Viziuni ale fiicelor lui Albion și proiectele lui Blake bazate pe Cartea lui Enoh. Convingerile lui Blake au subliniat necesitatea deschiderii sexuale în relații și lipsa geloziei. În Vala , ideea geloziei este o temă centrală și una dintre bazele poveștii. Între diferitele ediții, conceptul poemului se schimbă. Ediția ulterioară a fost la o scară conceptuală mai mică și subliniază conceptul de închisoare găsit în Cartea lui Urizen . Prima versiune a subliniat natura inteligenței și a problemelor spirituale. Ediția ulterioară a pus accentul pe ideea de renovare aflată în creștinism. Pe măsură ce Blake a revizuit poezia, a adăugat imagini mai concrete și a conectat complotul la istoriile druizilor și ale creștinilor, împreună cu adăugarea de diverse locații conectate la acestea. În ambele ediții ale poemului, Blake și-a schimbat sistemul mitologic în Cartea lui Urizen de la o luptă dualistă între două puteri divine la o luptă cu patru aspecte despărțite de Eternitate. Aceste aspecte sunt cele patru Zoas ale lui Blake, care reprezintă patru aspecte ale Dumnezeului Atotputernic, iar Vala este prima lucrare care le menționează. În special, uniunea lui Dumnezeu / Omul lui Blake este împărțită în componentele corpului Urizen (cap), Urthona (coapsele), Luvah (inimă) și Tharmas (unitatea corpului), cu Emanații pereche fiind Ahania (înțelepciunea, din cap) ), Enitharmon (ceea ce nu poate fi atins în natură, din coapse), Vala (natura, din inimă) și Enion (mama pământului, din separarea unității). În legătură cu înțelegerea lui Blake despre divin, Zoas sunt Dumnezeu Tatăl (Tharmas, simț), Fiul lui Dumnezeu (Luvah, dragoste), Duhul Sfânt (Urthona, imaginația) și Satana, care era inițial din substanța divină. (Urizen, rațiunea) și emanațiile lor reprezintă îndemnuri sexuale (Enion), natură (Vala), inspirație (Enitharmon) și plăcere (Ahania). Blake credea că fiecare persoană avea o identitate dublă, jumătate fiind bună și cealaltă rea. În Vala , atât personajul Orc , cât și Omul veșnic își discută despre sine ca fiind împărțiți. În momentul în care lucra la lucrările sale ulterioare, inclusiv Vala , Blake a simțit că este capabil să-și depășească bătălia interioară, dar era îngrijorat de pierderea abilităților sale artistice. Aceste gânduri au fost transmise în Vala, în timp ce personajul Los (imaginația) este conectat la imaginea lui Hristos și a adăugat un element creștin lumii sale mitice. În versiunea revizuită a lui Vala , Blake a adăugat imagini creștine și ebraice și descrie modul în care Los experimentează o viziune a Mielului lui Dumnezeu care regenerează spiritul lui Los. În opoziție cu Hristos este Urizen și sinagoga lui Satana , care mai târziu îl răstigneste pe Hristos. Din ele se naște Deismul. Răspuns critic. În 1945, Northrop Frye susținea: „Nu există nimic asemănător cu explozia colosală a puterii creatoare din A Noua Noapte a celor Patru Zoos în altă parte în poezia engleză”. GE Bentley Jr. , în 2003, credea că „cea mai extraordinară realizare” a lui Blake între „anii prodigioși” din 1795 și 1800 a fost Vala, pe lângă faptul că a susținut că „Poemul oferă o analiză profundă a limitărilor omului, dar nici un indiciu de evadare din închisoare". The Four Zoas (Excerpt) 'What is the price of Experience? do men buy it for a song? Or wisdom for a dance in the street? No, it is bought with the price Of all that a man hath, his house, his wife, his children. Wisdom is sold in the desolate market where none come to buy, And in the wither'd field where the farmer plows for bread in vain. It is an easy thing to triumph in the summer's sun And in the vintage and to sing on the waggon loaded with corn. It is an easy thing to talk of patience to the afflicted, To speak the laws of prudence to the houseless wanderer, To listen to the hungry raven's cry in wintry season When the red blood is fill'd with wine and with the marrow of lambs.
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