Pavel Haas Quartet

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Pavel Haas Quartet JANÁČKOVA AKADEMIE MÚZICKÝCH UMĚNÍ V BRNĚ Hudební fakulta Katedra strunných nástrojů Hra na housle Pavel Haas Quartet Bakalářská práce Autor práce: Kateřina Sedlářová Vedoucí práce: doc. Miloš Vacek Oponent práce: doc. Jan Řezníček Brno 2020 Bibliografický záznam SEDLÁŘOVÁ, Kateřina. Pavel Haas Quartet [Pavel Haas Quartet]. Brno: Janáčkova akademie múzických umění v Brně, Hudební fakulta, Katedra strunných nástrojů, 2020. 31 s. Vedoucí diplomové práce doc. Miloš Vacek. Anotace Bakalářská práce „Pavel Haas Quartet“ pojednává o vzniku a činnosti tohoto kvarteta. Dále obsahuje záznamy o soutěžní a koncertní činnosti, životopisy Milana Škampy a jednotlivých členů, dosavadní diskografii a vybrané recenze. V závěru práce je zpracovaný rozhovor s jedním ze zakládajících členů Pavel Haas Quartet – Pavlem Niklem. Annotation This bachelor thesis „Pavel Haas Quartet” deals with the formation and existing of this quartet. It also focuses on competitions and concert activities. It includes biographies of Milan Škampa and the members, discography and selected reviews. At the end of this work there is an interview with one of the founding members of Pavel Haas Quartet – Pavel Nikl. Klíčová slova Kvartet, smyčcové kvarteto, Pavel Haas Quartet, životopis, rozhovor Keywords Quartet, string quartet, Pavel Haas Quartet, biografy, interview Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem předkládanou práci zpracovala samostatně a použila jen uvedené prameny a literaturu. V Brně, dne 1. května 2020 Kateřina Sedlářová Poděkování Na tomto místě bych ráda poděkovala Pavlu Niklovi, dlouholetému členu Pavel Haas Quartet a nynějšímu pedagogovi na Konzervatoři P. J. Vejvanovského v Kroměříži. Obsah Úvod ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1 Vznik Pavel Haas Quartet ................................................................................................... 2 2 Milan Škampa ..................................................................................................................... 3 3 Životopisy ........................................................................................................................... 5 3.1 Veronika Jarůšková ...................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Marek Zwiebel ............................................................................................................. 6 3.3 Jiří Kabát ...................................................................................................................... 7 3.4 Peter Jarůšek ................................................................................................................ 8 4 Soutěže, kurzy, ocenění ....................................................................................................... 9 5 Pavel Haas Quartet – diskografie ...................................................................................... 11 5.1 Leoš Janáček: Smyčcový kvartet č. 2 „Listy důvěrné“ a Pavel Haas: Smyčcový kvartet č. 2 „Z Opičích hor“ (2006, Supraphon) .................................................................. 11 5.2 Leoš Janáček: Smyčcový kvartet č. 1 z podnětu Tolstého Kreutzerovy sonáty & Pavel Haas: Smyčcové kvartety č. 1 a 3 (2007, Supraphon) ........................................... 12 5.3 Ludwig van Beethoven: Smyčcové kvartety č. 4 op. 18; op. 135 a 'Quartetto Serioso' op. 95 (2009, BBC Music Magazine) .................................................................................. 13 5.4 Sergej Prokofjev: Smyčcové kvartety č. 1 a 2, Sonáta pro dvoje housle (2010, Supraphon) ........................................................................................................................... 14 5.5 Antonín Dvořák: Smyčcový kvartet G dur, op. 106 & Smyčcový kvartet F dur, op. 96 „Americký“ (2010, Supraphon) ...................................................................................... 15 5.6 Alexander Goehr: Since brass, nor Stone … (2013, NMC 3) ................................... 16 5.7 Franz Schubert: Smyčcový kvartet d moll a smyčcový kvintet C dur (2013, Supraphon) ........................................................................................................................... 17 5.8 Bedřich Smetana: Smyčcový kvartet č. 1 e moll „Z mého života“ & Smyčcový kvartet č. 2 d moll (2015, Supraphon) .................................................................................. 18 5.9 Antonín Dvořák: Klavírní kvintet č. 2 A dur a Smyčcový kvintet Es dur (2017, Supraphon) ........................................................................................................................... 19 5.10 Dmitrij Šostakovič: Smyčcové kvartety č. 2, 7 a 8 (2019, Supraphon) ................. 20 6 Rozhovor s Pavlem Niklem .............................................................................................. 21 Závěr ......................................................................................................................................... 24 Zdroje ....................................................................................................................................... 25 Úvod Tématem mé bakalářské práce je Pavel Haas Quartet. Jeho současnými členy jsou profesionální čeští a slovenští instrumentalisté – Veronika Jarůšková (1. housle), Marek Zweibel (2. housle), Peter Jarůšek (violoncello) a Jiří Kabát (viola). O tomto kvartetu jsem se dozvěděla ještě v době mých studií na konzervatoři, kdy jsem navštívila koncert Pavel Haas Quartet (dále jen PHQ) na festivalu Musica Holešov. Největší dojem ve mně zanechalo provedení smyčcového kvartetu Franze Schuberta „Smrt a dívka“. V následujících letech jsem měla možnost nastudovat právě tento zmiňovaný kvartet se svými spolužáky pod vedením violisty Pavla Nikla, bývalého člena PHQ. Tyto hodiny pro mě byly velkým přínosem nejenom v komorní hře, ale i v celkovém vnímání hudby a jejích detailů. Díky tomu jsem se rozhodla psát svou bakalářskou práci o tomto tělese, a zjistit tak více o fungování kvartetu a životě v něm. Dalším důvodem je skutečnost, že ačkoliv je Pavel Haas Quartet v současnosti nejvýraznějším českým komorním souborem, neexistuje ucelený dokument, který by ho představil veřejnosti. Koncertní činnost a základní biografii nalezneme na webových stránkách PHQ, ale mnozí by mohli postrádat životopisy jednotlivých členů. Recenze můžeme většinou dohledat v hudebním časopisu Harmonie, který je k dispozici v tištěné i internetové podobě. Doufám, že tato práce bude přínosem nejen mně, ale že dobře poslouží i dalším při hledání jinak těžce dostupných informací. 1 1 Vznik Pavel Haas Quartet Kvarteto vzniklo v roce 2002 a nese jméno českého skladatele, brněnského rodáka Pavla Haase (1899-1944).1 Toto pojmenování bylo více méně náhodné, jak tvrdí samotní členové tělesa. Impuls přišel při poslechu jednoho z jeho tří smyčcových kvartetů „Z Opičích hor“, který na ně udělal hluboký dojem. Když poté pátrali, zda má Haas ještě nějaké žijící příbuzné, zjistili, že v Brně žije jeho dcera Olga Smrčková. Při osobním setkání paní Olgu požádali o svolení k tomu, aby jejich kvarteto neslo jméno jejího otce a ona souhlasila. Za vznikem tohoto uskupení stojí Veronika Jarůšková, která rovněž usedla na pozici prvních houslí. Podnětem pro založení vlastního souboru byly pro Jarůškovou návštěvy koncertů Škampova kvarteta, ve kterém v té době hrál její manžel, violoncellista Peter Jarůšek. Díky tomu se více seznámila s kvartetní hrou, jeho repertoárem, zvukem a barvou, a proto se rozhodla založit svůj vlastní kvartet. Na založení souboru se dále podílel také violista Pavel Nikl, který zde působil až do roku 2016. Přestože již není stálým členem, i nadále s kvartetem spolupracuje například při interpretacích smyčcových kvintetů, a podobně. Po jeho odchodu na pozici violisty nastoupil Radim Sedmidubský (2016-2017) a v současné době plní funkci violisty Jiří Kabát. Na místě druhých houslí se vystřídalo více hráčů – Hana Roušarová, Kateřina Gemrotová Penková, Marie Fuxová a Eva Karová Krestová. Od roku 2012 je druhým houslistou Marek Zwiebel. Od vzniku tohoto kvarteta místo violoncellisty původně zastával Lukáš Polák, který je nyní koncertním mistrem violoncellové skupiny Janáčkova divadla v Brně a současným členem Škampova kvarteta. Vývojem okolností se ale nástroje v těchto dvou kvartetních tělesech prostřídaly a od roku 2004 je stálým členem violoncellista Peter Jarůšek. Dalším neodmyslitelným článkem souboru byl Milan Škampa (1928-2018). Legendární pedagog a violista Smetanova kvarteta přivítal členy PHQ na první hodině se slovy „Vítejte v nejkrásnějším vězení.“ 1 Haas byl jedním z nejvýznamnějších a nejtalentovanějších žáků Leoše Janáčka. Za zmínku také stojí, že byl bratrem Huga Haase, filmového herce a režiséra, kterému skládal hudbu k filmům. Závěr jeho života nebyl šťastný, neboť zahynul v koncentračním táboře v Osvětimi. 2 2 Milan Škampa Milan Škampa vyrůstal na Letné se svým bratrem, violoncellistou Mirko Škampou, otcem, který byl meteorologem a matkou Antonií, vyhledávanou houslovou pedagožkou. S její pomocí se věnoval hře na housle již od svých čtyř let. V roce 1941 se jej matka rozhodla dát na hodiny k violistovi Ladislavu Černému. Dále studoval u prof. Alexandra Plocka a prof. Františka Daniela na pražské Akademii, kde absolvoval roku 1951. V šestnácti letech se stal sólistou Českého rozhlasu, ale podmínky pro přípravu byly těžké, cvičil i za náletů v krytu ve studeném sklepě během druhé
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