Breast Cancer May 2013 Issue 30 RO F ACTs, MYTHs, VI N Cancer Risk N M an E E

CHOICEs N and T unfortunate(excerpts from truth P Anand et al, 2008) GENES diet is linked to cancer deaths in as many as 70% of colorectal cancer cases. How diet contributes to cancer is not fully understood. Most carcinogens that are ingested, such as nitrates, nitrosamines, pesticides, and dioxins, come from food or food additives or from cooking. INDEX Various phytochemicals have been identified in RESEARCH PARTNERS fruits, vegetables, spices, and grains that exhibit chemopreventive potential, and numerous studies Cancer risk...... 1 have shown that a proper diet can help protect Addictive junk food...... ,...... 7 against cancer. Although all cancers are a result of multiple COMMUNITY PARTNERS mutations, these mutations are due to interaction with the environment. Coffee Talks...... 8 Sunchokes...... 9 Up to 10% of total cancer cases may be Crossword puzzle...... 10 induced by radiation, both ionizing and nonionizing, typically from radioactive substances and ultraviolet Nutrient Density...... 12 (UV), pulsed electromagnetic fields. Yoga Pose...... 13 Junk food and brain activity...... 14 Heavy consumption of red meat is a risk factor Just 4 fun...... 15 for colorectal, prostate, bladder, breast, gastric, pancreatic, and oral cancers. Contacts Inflammation may be a link between the [email protected] agents/factors that cause cancer and the agents that [email protected] prevent it. In addition, they provide evidence that Breast cancer: Windows of Susceptibility. cancer is largely a preventable disease that requires NIH grant 1U01ES019480 major (MAJOR ed,) lifestyle changes. [email protected] Cancer is caused by both internal factors (such PINK RIBBON GIRLS as inherited mutations, hormones, and immune conditions) (about 31 genes are known to be involved our MISSION in cancer risk) and environmental/acquired factors (such as tobacco, diet, radiation, and infectious TO PREVENT the occurrence of BCa organisms (numbering in the many 1000s). through RESEARCH and EDUCATION

TO ENCOURAGE "this looks like a formidable read, but it underscores that and SUPPORT science is making progress in determining the health effects BCa survivors, of our biggest environmental interface, our food. It is not necessary to understand how each ofthe factors wor to appreciate that they affect vital cellular regulatory Visit our activities." Website 1 90–95% of cancers have roots in the Resveratrol (stilbene): grapes, peanuts, and environment and lifestyle. The lifestyle factors berries include cigarette smoking, diet, drugs (alcohol), Resveratrol exhibits anticancer properties sun exposure, environmental pollutants, infections, against a wide variety of tumors, including stress, obesity, and physical inactivity. Almost lymphoid and myeloid cancers, multiple myeloma, 25–30% of cancer deaths are due to tobacco, and cancers of the breast, prostate, stomach, 30–35% are linked to diet, 15–20% are due to colon, and pancreas. The growth-inhibitory effects infections, and the rest are due to other factors: eg of resveratrol are mediated through cell-cycle radiation, stress, physical activity, environmental arrest; induction of apoptosis via Fas/CD95, p53, pollutants etc. ceramide activation, tubulin polymerization, mitochondrial and adenylyl cyclase pathways; up- Obesity: According to an American Cancer regulation of p21 p53 and Bax; down-regulation of Society study, obesity is associated with increased survivin, cyclin D1, cyclin E, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and mortality from many cancers (accounting for cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins; activation of between 15-20% weight or obesity. Various caspases; suppression of nitric oxide synthase; cancers have been linked to obesityand could suppression of transcription factors such as NF- account for 14% of all cancer deaths in men and kappaB, AP-1, and early growth response-1; 20% in women. inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and The common denominators between lipoxygenase; suppression of adhesion molecules; obesity and cancer include neurochemicals; and inhibition of angiogenesis, invasion, and hormones such as insulin like growth factor 1, metastasis. insulin, leptin; sex steroids; adiposity; insulin resistance; and inflammation. Quercetin (flavinoid): vegetables, onions, apples, and beverages such as tea and wine Good News The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and apoptotic effects of the More than 25,000 different phytochemicals molecule have been largely analyzed in cell have been identified that may have potential culture models, and it is known to block NF- against various cancers. These have advantages kappaB activation. In animal models, quercetin because they are safe and usually target multiple has been shown to inhibit inflammation and cell-signaling pathways. Major chemopreventive prevent colon and lung cancer. A phase 1 clinical compounds identified from fruits and vegetables trial indicated that the molecule can be safely include: carotenoids, vitamins, resveratrol, administered and that its plasma levels are quercetin, silymarin, sulphoraphane and sufficient to inhibit lymphocyte tyrosine kinase indole-3-carbinol. activity. Quercetin may increase resistance to strand breakage in lymphocytic DNA and Carotenoids: beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, decreased levels of some oxidative metabolites in lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, the urine. fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, capsanthin, crocetin, and phytoene Silymarin (flavinoid) silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, Lycopene is one of the main carotenoids silydianin, and taxifolin: present in fruits (watermelon, apricots, pink guava, grapefruit, rosehip, tomatoes). The anticancer Antioxidant and hepatoprotective agent, activity of lycopene has been demonstrated in anticancer, anti-inflammatory effects of silymarin both in vitro and in vivo tumor models as well as in are mediated through suppression of NF-kappaB- humans. The proposed mechanisms for the regulated gene products, including COX-2, anticancer effect of lycopene involve reactive lipoxygenase (LOX), inducible NO synthase, TNF, oxygen species scavenging, up-regulation of and IL-1. Numerous studies have indicated that detoxification systems, interference with cell silymarin is a chemopreventive agent in vivo proliferation, induction of gap-junctional against various carcinogens/tumor promoters, communication, inhibition of cell-cycle including UV light, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) progression, and modulation of signal transduction anthracene (DMBA), phorbol 12-myristate 13- pathways. 2 acetate, and others. Silymarin has also been chemoprevention trials is available. Green tea shown to sensitize tumors to chemotherapeutic derivatives have shown some benefit against agents through down-regulation of the MDR cervical, prostate, and hepatic malignancies. protein and other mechanisms. It binds to both estrogen and androgen receptors and down- Curcumin is well studied for inhibition of regulates prostate specific antigen. inflammation and cancer prevention, with almost 3000 published studies. Curcumin inhibited NF- Indole-3-carbinol (flavinoid): cabbage, broccoli, kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene brussels sprout, cauliflower, daikon artichoke expression in various cancer cell lines. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that this phytochemical Indole-3-carbinol and 3,3'- inhibited inflammation and carcinogenesis in diindolylmethane exert a variety of biological and animal models, including breast, esophageal, biochemical effects mostly modulation of nuclear stomach, and colon cancer models. Curcumin may transcription factors, and inducing phase 1 and inhibit ulcerative proctitis and Crohn’s disease. phase 2 enzymes that metabolize carcinogens, Another study evaluated the effect of a including estrogens. Indole-3-carbinol has also combination of curcumin and piperine in patients been found to be effective in treating some cases with tropical pancreatitis and possibly familial of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and may adenomatous polyposis. Curcumin may inhibit have other clinical uses. constitutive activation of NF-kappaB, COX-2, and STAT3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Sulforaphane (isothiocyanate): broccoli, multiple myeloma patients. Curcumin down- brussels sprouts, cabbage other cruciferous regulated the expression of NF-kappaB, COX-2, veggies and phosphorylated STAT3 in peripheral blood Its chemopreventive effects have been mononuclear cells from patients in overweight established in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The patients. mechanisms of action of SFN include inhibition of phase 1 enzymes, induction of phase 2 enzymes Diallyldisulfide: garlic to detoxify carcinogens, cell-cycle arrest, induction Diallyldisulfide inhibited the growth and of apoptosis, inhibition of histone deacetylase, proliferation of a number of cancer cell lines modulation of the MAPK pathway, inhibition of NF- including colon, breast, glioblastoma, melanoma, kappaB, and production of reaction oxygen and neuroblastoma cell lines. Recent studies species. Preclinical and clinical studies of this showed that this compound induces apoptosis in compound have suggested its chemopreventive vitro, in human colon cancer cells by inhibiting effects at several stages of carcinogenesis. COX-2, NF-kappaB, and ERK-2. Diallyldisulfide has also been shown to inhibit mutagenesis or Teas and Spices (phytochemicals such as tumorigenesis in rats induced by many chemicals catechins, curcumin, diallyldisulfide, routinely used for cancer studies, perhaps working thymoquinone, capsaicin, gingerol, anethole, through scavenging of radicals, increasing diosgenin, eugenol, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gluathione levels, increasing the activities of apigenin, piperine, betulinic acid, kaempferol, enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase and sesamin, limonene, gambogic acid: green tea, catalase, inhibiting cytochrome p4502E1 and DNA turmeric, garlic, black cumin, red chili, ginger, repair mechanisms; and preventing chromosomal licorice, fenugreek, clove, cinnamon, fennel, damage. mustard, sesame, coriander, parsley, rosemary, sesame, pepper, rosemary, kokum Thymoquinone, dithymoquinone: black Growing data sources demonstrate that cumin these possess therapeutic and preventive Present in the oil of the cumin seed, with potential against cancers of various origins antineoplastic activity against various tumor cells in vitro, where study indicated that they are Catechins: green and black teas cytotoxic to several parental cell lines and to their More than 3,000 studies have shown that corresponding multidrug-resistant human tumor catechins derived from green and black teas have cell lines. The former induces apoptosis by p53- potential against various cancers ann some data dependent and p53-independent pathways in are about green tea polyphenol and cancer cell lines, and induces cell-cycle arrest and modulates the levels of inflammatory mediators. 3 Thymoquinone suppresses carcinogen-induced Gingerol: ginger root forestomach and skin tumor formation in mice and Gingerol, a phenolic substance mainly acts as a chemopreventive agent at the early present in the spice ginger (Zingiber officinale stage of skin tumorigenesis. Moreover, the Roscoe), has diverse pharmacologic effects combination of thymoquinone and clinically used including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti- anticancer drugs has been shown to improve the inflammatory effects. Gingerol has been shown to drug’s therapeutic index, prevents nontumor have anticancer and chemopreventive properties, tissues from sustaining chemotherapy-induced and the proposed mechanisms of action include damage, and enhances the antitumor activity of the inhibition of COX-2 expression by blocking of drugs such as cisplatin and ifosfamide. the p38 MAPK–NF-kappaB signaling pathway. A detailed report on the cancer-preventive ability of Capsaicin: red chili gingerol was presented in a recent review by The phenolic compound capsaicin (t8- Shukla and Singh. methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a component of red chili, has been extensively studied. Although Anethole: anise, star anise, fennel capsaicin has been suspected to be a carcinogen, Anethole, the principal active component of a considerable amount of evidence suggests that the spice fennel, has shown anticancer activity in it has chemopreventive effects. The antioxidant, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma induced in mice. The anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties of study revealed that anethole increased survival capsaicin have been established in both in vitro time, reduced tumor weight, and reduced the and in vivo systems. For example, showed that volume and body weight of the tumor-bearing capsaicin can suppress the TPA-stimulated mice. It also produced a significant cytotoxic effect activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in cultured HL- in the Erlich ascites tumor cells in the paw 60 cells. In addition, capsaicin inhibited the constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in malignant The histopathological changes observed after melanoma cells. Furthermore, capsaicin strongly treatment with anethole were comparable to those suppressed the TPA-stimulated activation of NF- after treatment with the standard cytotoxic drug kappaB and the epidermal activation of AP-1 in cyclophosphamide. The frequency of micronuclei mice. Another proposed mechanism of action of occurrence and the ratio of polychromatic capsaicin is its interaction with xenobiotic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes metabolizing enzymes, involved in the activation showed anethole to be mitodepressive and and detoxification of various chemical carcinogens nonclastogenic in the femoral cells of mice. In and mutagens. Metabolism of capsaicin by hepatic 1996, Sen et al., studied the NF-kappaB inhibitory enzymes produces reactive phenoxy radical activity of a derivative of anethole and intermediates capable of binding to the active sites anetholdithiolthione. Their study results showed of enzymes and tissue macromolecules. that anethole inhibited hyrdogen peroxide, phorbol Capsaicin can inhibit platelet aggregation myristate acetate or TNFalpha induced NF- and suppress calcium-ionophore–stimulated kappaB activation in human jurkat T-cells studied proinflammatory responses, such as the the anticarcinogenic activity of anethole trithione generation of superoxide anion, phospholipase A2 against DMBA induced in a rat mammary cancer activity, and membrane lipid peroxidation in model. The study results showed that this macrophages. It acts as an antioxidant in various phytochemical inhibited mammary tumor growth in organs of laboratory animals. Anti-inflammatory a dose-dependent manner. properties of capsaicin against carcinogen- qNakagawa and Suzuki studied the metabolism induced inflammation have also been reported in and mechanism of action of anethole and the rats and mice. Capsaicin has exerted protective estrogen-like activity of the compound and its effects against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal metabolites in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and injury, hemorrhagic erosion, lipid peroxidation, and cultured MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. myeloperoxidase activity in rats that was Results from preclinical studies suggested that the associated with suppression of COX-2. While organosulfur compound anethole dithiolethione lacking intrinsic tumor-promoting activity, capsaicin may be an effective chemopreventive agent inhibited TPA-promoted mouse skin against lung cancer. Lam et al, conducted a phase papillomagenesis. 2b trial of anethole dithiolethione in smokers with bronchial dysplasia. The results suggested that 4 (S)-6,6'-dibromo-dehydrodieugenol elicit specific anethole dithiolethione is a potentially efficacious antiproliferative activity on neuroectodermal tumor chemopreventive agent against lung cancer. cells, partially triggering apoptosis. In 2003, Kim et al. showed that eugenol suppresses COX-2 mRNA Diosgenin: legumes, yams expression (one of the genes implicated in Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin present in inflammation and carcinogenesis) in HT-29 cells fenugreek, has been shown to suppress and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse inflammation, inhibit proliferation, and induce macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Another study by apoptosis in various tumor cells. Research during Deigner et al. showed that 1'-hydroxyeugenol is a the past decade has shown that diosgenin good inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and Cu(2+)- suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation. The a wide variety of cancer cells lines. studies by Rompelberg et al. showed that in vivo Antiproliferative effects of diosgenin are mediated treatment of rats with eugenol reduced the through cell-cycle arrest, disruption of Ca2+ mutagenicity of benzopyrene in the Salmonella homeostasis, activation of p53, release of typhimurium mutagenicity assay, whereas in vitro apoptosis-inducing factor, and modulation of treatment of cultured cells with eugenol increased caspase-3 activity. Diosgenin also inhibits the genotoxicity of benzopyrene. azoxymethane-induced aberrant colon crypt foci, has been shown to inhibit intestinal inflammation, Wholegrains: wheat, rice, and maize; the minor and modulates the activity of LOX and COX-2. ones are barley, sorghum, millet, rye, and oats. Diosgenin has also been shown to bind to the Grains form the dietary staple for most chemokine receptor CXCR3, which mediates cultures, but most are eaten as refined-grain inflammatory responses. Others have shown that products in Westernized countries. Whole grains diosgenin inhibits osteoclastogenesis, cell contain chemopreventive antioxidants such as invasion, and cell proliferation through Akt down- vitamin E, tocotrienols, phenolic acids, lignans, regulation, IkappaB kinase activation, and NF- and phytic acid. The antioxidant content of whole kappaB-regulated gene expression. grains is less than that of some berries but is greater than that of common fruits or vegetables Eugenol: clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil and (98). The refining process concentrates the bay leaf carbohydrate and reduces the amount of other Eugenol is one of the active components of macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals because cloves. Studies conducted by Ghosh et al. showed the outer layers are removed. In fact, all nutrients that eugenol suppressed the proliferation of with potential preventive actions against cancer melanoma cells. In a B16 xenograft study, eugenol are reduced. For example, vitamin E is reduced by treatment produced a significant tumor growth as much as 92%. delay, an almost 40% decrease in tumor size, and Wholegrain intake was found to reduce the a 19% increase in the median time to end point. Of risk of several cancers including those of the oral more importance, 50% of the animals in the cavity, pharynx, esophagus, gallbladder, larynx, control group died of metastatic growth, whereas bowel, colorectum, upper digestive tract, breasts, none in the eugenol treatment group showed any liver, endometrium, ovaries, prostate gland, signs of cell invasion or metastasis. In 1994, bladder, kidneys, and thyroid gland, as well as Sukumaran et al. showed that eugenol DMBA lymphomas, leukemias, and myeloma. Intake of induced skin tumors in mice. The same study wholegrain foods in these studies reduced the risk showed that eugenol inhibited superoxide of cancers by 30–70%. formation and lipid peroxidation and the radical How do whole grains reduce the risk of scavenging activity that may be responsible for its cancer? Several potential mechanisms have been chemopreventive action. Studies conducted by described. For instance, insoluble fibers, a major Imaida et al. showed that eugenol enhanced the constituent of whole grains, can reduce the risk of development of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced bowel cancer. Additionally, insoluble fiber hyperplasia and papillomas in the forestomach but undergoes fermentation, thus producing short- decreased the incidence of 1-methyl-1- chain fatty acids such as butyrate, which is an nitrosourea-induced kidney nephroblastomas in important suppressor of tumor formation. Whole F344 male rats. grains also mediate favorable glucose response, Another study conducted by Pisano et al. which is protective against breast and colon demonstrated that eugenol and related biphenyl 5 cancers. Several phytochemicals from grains and The protective effects of vitamin D result pulses were reported to have chemopreventive from its role as a nuclear transcription factor that action against a wide variety of cancers. For regulates cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, example, isoflavones (including daidzein, and a wide range of cellular mechanisms central genistein, and equol) are nonsteroidal diphenolic to the development of cancer. compounds that are found in leguminous plants and have antiproliferative activities. Findings from several, but not all, studies have shown significant AL O THER C correlations between an isoflavone-rich soy-based OHOL diet and reduced incidence of cancer or mortality from cancer in humans. Tocotrienols, but not tocopherols, have been shwon to suppress NF- kappaB activation induced by most carcinogens, DIET OBESITY thus leading to suppression of various genes T linked with proliferation, survival, invasion, and OB angiogenesis of tumors. A Observational studies have suggested that CCO a diet rich in soy isoflavones (such as the typical INFECTIONS Asian diet) is one of the most significant contributing factors for the lower observed incidence and mortality of prostate cancers in Breakdown of environmental Asia. On the basis of findings about diet and of causes of cancer urinary excretion levels associated with daidzein, genistein, and equol in Japanese subjects compared with findings in American or European subjects, the isoflavonoids in soy products were proposed to be the agents responsible for reduced cancer risk. In addition to its effect on breast cancer, genistein and related isoflavones also inhibit cell growth or the development of OBESITY = lifestyle chemically induced cancers in the stomach, bladder, lung, prostate, and blood.

Vitamins: Although controversial, vitamins in cancer chemoprevention is being evaluated increasingly. Causes of cancer Fruits and vegetables are the primary sources of under our control vitamins except for vitamin D. Vitamins C, D, and E, are reportedly cancer preventive without P Anand, et al. Cancer is a Preventable Disease that apparent toxicity. Requires Major Lifestyle Changes. Pharm Res. 2008 25(9): Epidemiologic findings suggest anticancer 2097–2116. /chemopreventive effects of vitamin C against Link to original article various types of cancers correlate with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities and gap junction intercellular communication. Findings of a recent epidemiologic study showed that a high vitamin C concentration in plasma had an inverse relationship with cancer-related mortality. In 1997, expert panels at the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research estimated that vitamin C can reduce the risk of cancers of the stomach, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, lung, pancreas, and cervix. 6 RESEARCH PARTNERS

QUESTION: Is this article as perplexing as I think it is? The extraordinary science of addictive junk food. Read this eye-opening report on junk food by Michael Moss. ANSWER Yes, it is very perplexing and there is only one answer here: BOYCOTT

SOLUTION: There is only one solution here as well, until such time as the food giants behave with good conscience. Cook it yourself, know your food sources. Food giants can only affect you if you buy their products. ‘If you take Lunchables apart, the most healthy item in it is the napkin.’ I talked to more than 300 people in or formerly employed by the processed-food industry, from scientists to marketers to C.E.O.’s. Some were willing whistle-blowers, while others spoke reluctantly when presented with some of the thousands of pages of secret memos that I obtained from inside the food industry’s operations. “Don’t talk to me about nutrition,” he reportedly said, taking on the voice of the typical consumer. “Talk to me about taste, and if this stuff tastes better, don’t run around trying to sell stuff that doesn’t taste good.” Under his leadership, General Mills had overtaken not just the cereal aisle but other sections of the grocery store. The company’s Yoplait brand had transformed traditional unsweetened breakfast yogurt into a veritable dessert. It now had twice as much sugar per serving as General Mills’ marshmallow cereal Lucky Charms. The researchers parsed the data by the caloric content of the foods being eaten, and found the top contributors to weight gain included red meat and processed meats, sugar- sweetened beverages and potatoes, including mashed and French fries. But the largest weight-inducing food was the potato chip. A quote" ...as he walked through one of the impoverished areas, he had an epiphany. “A voice in my head says, ‘These people need a lot of things, but they don’t need a Coke.” salt + fat x crunch = food designed to addict 7 COMMUNITY PARTNERS Coffee Talk Pink Ribbon Girs will have three or four Coffee Talk events this year dedicated specifically to the Window's of Susceptibility and to explore the transgenerational effects on breast cancer risk, and health in general that arise from exposure to our environment (including toxins, food nutrients, food additives, and our individual biological mechanisms like stress and exercise.

Sunday, April 21, 2013, Pink Ribbon Girls hosted Coffee Talk . Kelly Schoen, MSW, LISW-S, of the Program Director, Cancer Support Community addressed the issue of how to communicate with our children about cancer. Kelly gave provided tips how to encourage communication with our children when the family is dealing with cancer. She also provided a book list as resources. LINKED HERE

8 RESEARCH Sunchokes PARTNERS Jerusalem artichoke, member of the sunflower family with 200 varieties Helianthus tuberosus Treat like a potato: wash; bake, fry, stew, boil, mash or steam. Great for diabetics diets. http://homecooking.about.com/od/foodfactsheets/p/Jerusalem-Artichokes-Sunchokes -Facts-At-A-Glance.htm excerpted from: http://cuesa.org/food/sunchokes SUNCHOKES are Sunflower tubers, native tuber to North America. These were consumed by Native Americans centuries before the colonists arrived. They taste something between an artichoke heart and a sunflower seed and have a crisp texture. Diabetics benefit from eating sunchokes because the starch becomes fructose rather than glucose, keeping the glycemic index lower than, for example, potato.

OVEN FRIED SUNCHOKE CUBES: Preheat oven to 425°F. Wash, cut chokes into 1/2-inch cubes. Place in medium bowl; add olive oil, sprinkle with salt and pepper, and toss to coat. Transfer to baking sheet; roast until golden brown and tender, turning if desired, 25 minutes depending upon size of cubes.

Choose chokes that are smooth, not dry or wrinkled or green or with sprouts thanks for the pictures google Can ordering pizza sound like zen meditation? Make me one with everything. 9 Crossword puzzles for better health s Sunscreen and UV u s uns c r eens 3 12 b 6 9 l o 5 4 2 c k 15 3 10 s 9 8 Across 11 5 6 10 1. There are at least three kinds of UV radiation UVA UVB and ___ , 1 11 2. Brown pigment in the skin called ____ 4 increases with solar radiation, 3. Sunscreens do not do the same thing as this other protective cream called 14 7 7 ______, 4. Inorganic compounds in sunblocks 13 ______or scatter or absorb the UV, 12 5. Many sunscreens do not block UVA which is the UV which can cause _____, 6. UVB is the type of radiation which 4 causes ______, 7. The acronym on the sunscreen and sunblock that indications sun protection factor is ___, 8. Inorganic ingredients such as ____ oxide protect partially against the entire UVA spectrum, 9. 290 to 320 nm is the wavelength band for _____, 10. Sunblock lotion to protect the skin is generally ______, 11. Skin should be protected against UVA UVB UVC and ___, 12. About 35 percnet of solar energy is infrared ______, 13. Pigments are ______by UVA, 14. Pheomelanin (the pigment in ______offers less UVA protection, 15. Red heads are at increased ____ for melamona, Down 1. The purpose of sunscreens and sunblocks is to either absorb or reflect __, 2. Pigment in skin resides in this cell type called ______as small granules, 3. Suntan lotion is different than sunscreen and ______sun exposure, 4. Organic compounds in sunscreen primarily ______some of the UV, 5. UVA radiation does not cause sunburn but does increase _____risk, 6. The earths atmosphere and the angle of the sun ______the amount of UV exposure in early morning and late afternoon, 7. Even some UVA/UVB products do not sufficiently ______against UVA damage, 8. The limit that advertisers can claim for ______UV is 50% in the US to guard against unrealistic claims, 9. 290 to 100 nm is the wavelength band for UVC and 400 to 320 nm is the wavelength band for _____, 10. Pheomelanin and ______are the two most common skin pigments, 11. The oxidation of pigment in skin produces reactive _____ species, 12. Reducing oxidative stress for skin keeps skin looking ______and lowers cancer risk, 10 RESEARCH PARTNERS Crossword puzzle answers

The issue here is to raise awareness about the chemicals that are perportedly save to use, even put into packages labeled "Sunscreen for babies" which we would naturally all just presume were safe. But this is not even close to reality.

The jury is out on most products for hair and skin and fragrance and flame retardation and dyes and sizing and treatments that keep articles of clothing looking fresh and new on the hanger or shelf so that consumers are enticed to buy them.

There are natural causes of disease, this is a given, including the life giving sun, and it should be ample indication that not all we touch and feel and desire (e.g., sunshine and a nicely tanned body) come without avoidable risk.

Be the first kid on your "block" to "screen" the ingredients in the products you use to protect yourself from the rays of the sun. Learn to draw the line about what chemicals (unnecessary and necessary) you put on your skin, or your children's skin to protect it from the sun. Life, forces us into tradeo-offs, and it is likely that not all harmful agents will be avoided, but look for

eumelanin pheomelanin

11 nutrient denSe nu 1:@73 f d lca o Beef, water, salt, t i r corn syrup, i S dextrose, mustard, r natural flavorings e and coloring, garlic juice, nt sodium erythorbate, S sodium nitrite, Sunchoke, raw 1:270 extractives of (100g ) paprika. 6% dietary fiber u vit K, B9, n low glycemic low fat t i hgh inulin, not a lot er was available on this nt tuber when I searched S phytonutrients no significant on google. nutrients 52% RDI of fat, 36% RDI of saturated fat, 11% RDI chloesterol ca l or 100 grams:@73 calories i S http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junk_food "Junk food is a derisive slang term for food that is of little nutritional value and often high in fat, sugar, salt, and calories. It is widely believed that the term was coined by Michael Jacobson, director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, in 1972." (ed. who would have guessed there would be a wikipedia post on junk food???) 100 grams:@270 calories REDUCING CANCER RISK GAINING STRENGTH RELEASING STRESS asanas Basic alignment is important in yoga poses as it will maximise the benefits of the pose. It will increase the strength & flexibility without causing any pain, discomfort or YOGA AT YOUR DESK injury. Every post has a best alighment

PRACTICE #1 YOGIG BREATHING PRACTICE #2: NATURAL ALIGNMENT

Reduce stress 1 take a Complete breath Calm your mind 2 find Natural alignment sitting at your desk Feel better Maintains natural curves of spine Engages core muscles (back, seat, abs) Relax and stretch Is an antidote to slouching Inspired by Kali Ray’s TriYoga, Breaths flow easily the art and science of Yogaflow www.triyoga.com Inhale, feel spine lengthen. Exhale and relax, aaahhh…

Tip: Use yogic breathing to improve psychological well being, metabolism, and detoxication and oxygenation of cells. COMMUNITY PARTNERS

Saturday April 6 2013 was the 9th annual Looking Upstream for Environmental Links to Breast Cancer Symposium 13 RESEARCH PARTNERS Junk foods typically contain high levels of calories from sugar or fat with little protein, vitamins or minerals. Foods commonly considered junk foods include salted snack foods, gum, candy, sweet desserts, fried fast food, and sugary carbonated beverages. Many foods such as hamburgers, pizza, and tacos can be considered either healthy or junk food depending on their ingredients and preparation methods with the more highly processed items usually falling under the junk food category.

What is and is not junk food can also depend on the person's class and social status, with wealthier people tending to have a broader definition while lower-income consumers may see fewer foods as junk food, especially certain ethnic foods.

Despite being labeled as "junk" consuming such foods usually does not pose any immediate health concerns and is generally safe when integrated into a well balanced diet.

A study by Paul Johnson and Paul Kenny at the Scripps Research Institute LINKED HERE is an interview with the latter, suggested that junk food consumption alters brain activity in a manner similar to addictive drugs like cocaine or heroin. After many weeks with unlimited access to junk food, the pleasure centers of rat brains became desensitized, requiring more food for pleasure. After the junk food was taken away and replaced with a healthy diet, the rats starved for two weeks instead of eating nutritious fare. A quote from the link above says this" "These findings confirm what we and many others have suspected," Kenny said, "that overconsumption of highly pleasurable food triggers addiction-like neuroadaptive responses in brain reward circuitries, driving the development of compulsive eating. Common mechanisms may therefore underlie obesity and drug addiction. Kinney noted, that common mechanisms explaining addiction and obesity (significantly reduced levels of the D2 dopamine receptors) in the brains of the obese animals, were similar to previous reports of what happens in human drug addicts.

Windows of Susceptibility A 2007 British Journal of Nutrition study found that female rats who eat junk food during pregnancy increased the likelihood of unhealthy eating habits in their offspring.

All of this becomes doubly You Tube important when the epigenetic tagging of offspring in utero is considered, and the probable transgenerational effects Facebook of overeating as well as the associated increase in cancer risk. Add to this the environmental estrogens we are bombarded with daily (just to mention one serious issue--bisphenol A in printed receipts) it becomes easy to understand why disease rates are out of control. 14 acids, acid regulators, anticaking agents antifoaming agents, antioxidants or NOT so fun, bulking agents (many) depending upon your point coloring agents, color retention agents of view dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate emulsifiers (many) flavors, flavor enhancers, flour treatment agents (dozens) glazing agents, gas for tracing, glutamines humectants This is a list of a isobutane few representatives juniper extract of the classes of chemicals which konjac gum constitute every lysozyme day violations of mace, magnesium stearate and glutamate our food. natamycin The list is available on wikipedia, and is orthophenyl phenol very very long, preservatives (many) check it out. quinoline yellow Think for yourself refined microcrystalline wax about the motive sweeteners, stabilizers (dozens) of the big food businesses. This thickeners (dozens) certainly is not for u-name-it our health. vegetable gum, vegetable carbon what-next xylitol yellow 2G zinc acetate thanks wikipedia 15