Effect of Diets on Biology of Abaris basistriata and Selenophorus seriatoporus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Author(s): C. L. Barbosa, F. J. Cividanes, D. J. Andrade, and T. M. Dos Santos- Cividanes Source: Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 105(1):54-59. 2012. Published By: Entomological Society of America DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/AN11039 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1603/AN11039 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. - ARTHROPOD BIOLOGY Effect of Diets on Biology of Abaris basistriata and Selenophorus seriatoporus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) 1,2 1 1 3 C. L. BARBOSA, F. J. CIVIDANES, D. J. ANDRADE, AND T. M. DOS SANTOS-CIVIDANES Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 105(1): 54Ð59 (2012); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/AN11039 ABSTRACT Ground beetles or carabids are collective terms for the beetle family Carabidae. This family contains many species considered important predators associated with agricultural crops. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different diet types on consumption, fecundity, and egg viability of Abaris basistriata Chaudoir and Selenophorus seriatoporus Putzeys (Coleoptera: Carabi- dae). The diets assessed were as follows: larvae of Tenebrio molitor L.; minced beef; dry cat food; the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani); seeds of signal grass, Brachiaria decumbens Stapf; and a diet mixture. Five males and Þve females of each species were kept isolated in a plastic container divided by a silicon barrier, one side being Þlled with sifted soil that was moistened for oviposition and the other lined with Þlter paper to receive the diet. A. basistriata did not consume the B. decumbens seeds. The most consumed diet by A. basistriata and S. seriatoporus adults was T. molitor larvae. S. graminum and T. molitor larvae and diet mixture were considered the diets most favorable for the reproductive capacity of A. basistriata and S. seriatoporus, respectively. However, T. molitor larvae and diet mixture were the most favorable diets for rearing both carabid species in the laboratory. KEY WORDS ground beetle, predator, consumption, reproduction Carabids are cited as being predators of aphids, lepi- mixed diet stimulates egg production (Wallin et al. dopteran larvae, slugs, and herbaceous plant seeds 1992, Bilde and Toft 1994), but fecundity also is af- (Kromp 1999, Holland and Luff 2000, Tooley and Brust fected by the quality of monospeciÞc diets (Bilde and 2002). Many species of these beetles have a role in Toft 1994, Bilde et al. 2000). Wallin et al. (1992) ob- the natural biological pest control for several crops, served insect diet adequate for the reproduction in among which are prominent Alabama argillacea some polyphagous predatory carabid beetles. How- (Hu¨ bner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on cotton, Gos- ever, the females of granivorous species generally sypium hirsutum L. (Allen 1977, Chocorosqui and have a higher oviposition rate when they are fed on a Pasini 2000); Anticarsia gemmatalis Hu¨ bner (Lepidop- diet of seeds in comparison with an insect diet (Jor- tera: Noctuidae) on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. gensen and Toft 1997a,b; Saska 2008). (Fuller 1988); Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Despite the importance of this group of predatory Crambidae) on sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and sor- insects, most information on carabids in the Brazilian ghum (Sorghum spp.) (Fuller and Reagan 1988); Plu- agroecosystems pertains to population ßuctuation and tella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on cab- faunistic analysis (Pegoraro and Foerster 1988, Pinto bage, Brassica oleracea L. (Suenaga and Hamamura et al. 2000, Freitas et al. 2002, Merlim et al. 2006). 2001); and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lep- Abaris basistriata Chaudoir, Selenophorus seriatoporus idoptera: Noctuidae) on corn, Zea mays L. (Wyckhuys Putzeys, Tetracha brasiliensis (Kirby), Odontochila and OÕNeil 2006). nodicornis (Dejean), and Calosoma granulatum Perty Adults and larvae of carabids may have diverse feed- are indicated as predominant species in the northeast ing habits, varying from carnivorous to granivorous, region of the state of Sa˜o Paulo (Cividanes et al. 2009). with the granivore species considered to have evolved This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different from carnivorous ancestors (Hurka and Jarosik 2003, diet types on the consumption, fecundity, and egg Sasakawa 2010). However, little is known of the effect viability of adults of the carabids A. basistriata and S. of diet on the fecundity of these beetles. In general, a seriatoporus. 1 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Cieˆncias Agra´rias e Materials and Methods Veterina´rias, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Laborato´rio de Ecolo- gia de Insetos, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/no, CEP The study was conducted from January to September 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. 2010 in the Departamento de Fitossanidade and in an 2 Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]. 3 Ageˆncia Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronego´cios, Avenida Ban- experimental area of the Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e deirantes, no 2.419, CEP 14030-670 Ribeira˜o Preto, SP, Brazil. Produc¸a˜o at the Faculdade de Cieˆncias Agra´rias e 0013-8746/12/0054Ð0059$04.00/0 ᭧ 2012 Entomological Society of America January 2012 BARBOSA ET AL.: EFFECT OF DIETS ON BIOLOGY OF CARABID BEETLES 55 Veterina´riasÐUniversidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/ quantity of the diets offered to the carabids was as- UNESP), Jaboticabal Campus, Sa˜o Paulo state, Brazil. sessed in preliminary tests ad libitum. Live adults of the carabids A. basistriata and S. Consumption was assessed for each date of the diet seriatoporus were captured using trench-type traps replacement. Before being placed in the containers, (Clark et al. 1994) placed in soybean and corn crops. the diets were weighed and the nonconsumed por- Each trap was made of galvanized guttering sheet 90 tions were dried in an oven at 75ЊC for 3 d and sub- cm in length and 10 cm in width, folded in half along sequently weighed with a precision scale. Means con- its length in a V shape, which was installed with the sumption was estimated using the following fresh (x), edge kept at soil level. The extremities of the sheet dry (y) weight regression model (y ϭ a ϩ bx), ob- were kept in contact with the edges of the empty tained considering the weight of 20 units of the diet plastic cups 8 cm in diameter and 14 cm in height. The without undergoing the drying process (x) and the traps were checked daily for the collection of adults. corresponding dry weight (y), obtained from the The diets assessed were as follows: 1) Tenebrio moli- aforementioned drying procedure (Riddick and Mills tor L. larvae (Jorgensen and Toft 1997b); 2) minced 1994). The linear regression equations obtained were 2 beef (Sasakawa 2007); 3) Whiskas dry cat food (Wal- T. molitor (y ϭ Ð0.002 ϩ 0.4786x; r ϭ 0.99), meat (y ϭ ϩ 2 ϭ ϭ ϩ lin et al. 1992); 4) the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum 0.0026 0.2898x; r 0.97), dry cat food (y 0.0002 2 ϭ ϭ ϩ (Rondani) (Bilde and Toft 1994, 1997); 5) seeds of 0.9302x; r 0.99), S. graminum (y 0.0003 0.5203x; 2 ϭ ϭ ϩ signal grass, Brachiaria decumbens Stapf (Jorgensen r 0.97), and B. decumbens (y Ð 0.0055 0.95x; 2 ϭ and Toft 1997b); and 6) a mixture of diets 1Ð5 (Jor- r 0.99). The consumption was evaluated during the gensen and Toft 1997a). entire time all the specimens were alive. T. molitor larvae and S. graminum were obtained in Adults used in the evaluations of diets were the accordance with the method cited by Santos and Boic¸a same individuals used in the formation of pairs for (2002) and Santos et al. (2009), respectively. The copulation and to obtain eggs, maintained on the cor- seeds of B. decumbens were collected in an experi- responding diets provided in the containers. These mental area at FCAV/UNESP, according to the Jor- pairs were kept together for 12 h, three times a week. gensen and Toft (1997a,b) method. Subsequently, the containers with females were The assessment of the diets was carried out using checked weekly, the soil was sifted to obtain eggs that were counted under a stereoscopic microscope trans- gerbox-type plastic containers measuring 11 cm in ferred to petri dishes containing moistened soil and length by 11 cm in width by 3.5 cm in depth. Each kept in a climatized chamber at 26 Ϯ 2ЊC and a pho- container was divided in two by a silicon barrier, with toperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h (Jorgensen and Toft 1997b). one part being Þlled with sterilized, sifted, and moist- The number of eggs observed in the containers was ened soil and the other part lined with Þlter paper. The expressed as the mean egg production per female soil acted as shelter for carabid oviposition, and the during a 12-wk oviposition period. Þlter paper enabled the food and water was provided The entirely randomized statistical design was used by moistened cotton wool (Jorgensen and Toft on a factorial scheme 5 ϫ 2, with factor A (Þve diet 1997b).