NCD

NCD Xware User’s Guide

Part Number 5401612 June 1998

Network Computing Devices, Inc. 350 North Bernardo Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043-5207 Technical support: 503/641-2200 Technical support FAX: 503/641-2959 Email: [email protected] World Wide Web: http://www.ncd.com Copyright Copyright © 1998 by Network Computing Devices, Inc. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. NCD SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS CONTAINED HEREIN OR FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS MATERIAL. This document contains information which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. Made in the U.S.A. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written consent of NCD. Title to and ownership of the Software, and all copies thereof, shall at all times reside with NCD and its licensors, and is protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Trademarks Network Computing Devices is a registered trademark of Network Computing Devices, Inc. NCDnet, NCDware, and Thin Client Xware FTP are trademarks of Network Computing Devices, Inc. Apple and LaserWriter are registered trademarks of Apple , Inc. Citrix, WinFrame, and ICA are registered trademarks of Citrix Systems, Inc. DECnet, DECwindows, VMS, VT, and ULTRIX are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation. Hewlett-Packard and LaserJet are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Corporation. HP-UX is a trademark of Hewlett-Packard Corporation. IBM, IBM/PC, PC/AT, and PS/2 are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. , Microsoft NT, and Microsoft Windows NT Server are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. POSTSCRIPT is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. SIMM is a trademark of Wang Laboratories, Inc. Sun Workstation, SunOS, and NFS are registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Sun-3, Sun-4, and OpenWindows are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Times and Helvetica are registered trademarks of Linotype AG and/or its subsidiaries. and OPEN LOOK are registered trademarks in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company Limited. , X, and X11 are trademarks of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. NCD cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.

Document Part Number 5401612 History Initial release—June 1998, Version 5.1

ii NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 1About This Guide

This online document introduces you to NCD Thin Client Xware. It covers concepts you need to use Xware knowledgeably and efficiently. Topics Covered Chapter 1: Overview of NCD Thin Client Xware Introduces the key concepts needed to use Xware features efficiently. Chapter 2: Starting Your X Applications Explains how to create and use connections to start X applications from your client device (network workstation, PC, or similar device). Chapter 3: Configuring Xware Surveys configuration capabilities and shows how to access configuration controls. Chapter 4: Managing Fonts Provides background on fonts issues, and shows how to resolve them using Xware features. Chapter 5: Using Additional Xware Tools Explains how to access and use handy Xware utilities. Chapter 6: Customizing the Keyboard Covers the Key Mapper utility and methods for assigning alternate functions to keys. Chapter 7: Using Login Scripts Explains how to create or modify login scripts to automate and customize logins to hosts and startup of X applications. Appendix A Product Support Explains how to get product support for Xware.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide iii About This Guide

Appendix B Using Web-Enabled X Explains how to get on-line information on accessing X applications through web browsers. Glossary Defines terms used in this online document. Related Information For more information on Xware, besides what is in this document, refer to the following resources:

For Information About... See... Performing specific tasks Online help for NCD Thin Client Xware Installation NCD Thin Client Xware Installation and Configuration Guide Location of Serial Number NCD Thin Client Xware Installation and and Authorization Code Configuration Guide System Administration PC-Xware System Administrator’s Guide.

For more information about X windows, see these resources:

For Information About... See... X Window System / X Window System User’s Guide, Volume 3— User Level Valerie Quercia and Tim O’Reilly. O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. X Window System / X Window System Administrator’s Guide, Administration Level Volume 8—Linda Mui and Eric Pearce. O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. X Protocol References X Protocol Reference Manual, Volume 0— Robert W. Scheifler. O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. Library and X Protocols X Window System, C Library and Protocol Reference—Robert W. Scheifler, James Gettys, Ron Newman. Digital Press. X Reference X User Reference Guide—Ira Chayut, Camille Cook, Anatole Olczak. A System Publications, Inc.

iv NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Terminology and Text Conventions This guide uses the following text conventions:

➙ Indicates the movement through options. For example, the sequence for requesting extended font diagnostics is: Configure ➙ X Server ➙ Fonts bold Indicates a directory or a file. For example: c:\Program Files\NCD bold italic Indicates a program or utility. For example: ncdwm is the NCD . courier Indicates information that displays on the screen. For example, the date command displays: Monday May 18 03:05:12 PTD 1998 courier italic Indicates a variable for which you can substitute one or more parameter values, group names, or file names. mkdir sptemp courier bold Indicates information you type. For example, to display characters in a 6 x 13 font, type: % xfd -fn 6x13 [ ] Square brackets indicate command options | A vertical bar separates each option within square brackets. If you specify an option, choose only one value within the square brackets.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide v About This Guide

vi NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 1Contents

Chapter 1: Overview of NCD Thin Client Xware Finding the Information You Need...... 1-1 What Is Xware?...... 1-2 X Window Protocol, X Servers, and X Clients ...... 1-2 Xware’s X Server...... 1-4 Xware Features ...... 1-6 Xware Configurability ...... 1-6 Navigating Xware ...... 1-7 Windows Terminal Server Platform ...... 1-7 WinFrame Platform ...... 1-9 Starting, Resetting, and Shutting Down Xware ...... 1-10 Starting Xware ...... 1-10 Resetting Xware...... 1-11 Shutting Down Xware ...... 1-11

Chapter 2: Starting Your X Applications Understanding Connections ...... 2-2 What is a Connection? ...... 2-2 What Is a Network Connection? ...... 2-4 Choosing a Connection Protocol ...... 2-4 Preparing for DECnet Session and Launch Connections ...... 2-9 Creating a Connection...... 2-10 Starting Connections and X Applications...... 2-11 Starting Connections ...... 2-11 Manually Started X Applications...... 2-13

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide vii Contents

Chapter 3: Configuring Xware General Settings ...... 3-1 Advanced Settings...... 3-4

Chapter 4: Managing Fonts Potential Font Problems ...... 4-1 How the X Server Displays Fonts...... 4-2 Supplying Missing Fonts ...... 4-3 Copying Fonts to the Multi-user NT Server ...... 4-3 Getting the Font from a Host with a Font Server...... 4-5 Automatic Font Substitution ...... 4-6 Creating Font Aliases...... 4-6 Getting Font Information ...... 4-9 Viewing the Font Path ...... 4-9 Listing the Available Fonts ...... 4-9 Displaying the Characters in a Font...... 4-10 Displaying Samples of a Font and XLFD Names ...... 4-10 Font Reference ...... 4-11 Standard and Optional Fonts ...... 4-11 Font Names ...... 4-13

Chapter 5: Using Additional Xware Tools Managing Windows ...... 5-1 Choosing a Window Manager ...... 5-1 Window Managers and X Applications...... 5-3 Viewing Installation Details ...... 5-5 Viewing Diagnostic Information ...... 5-6 Copying and Pasting ...... 5-7

viii NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Contents

Chapter 6: Customizing the Keyboard What Is Keyboard Mapping? ...... 6-1 Overview of Key Mapper ...... 6-2 Redefining Keys ...... 6-5 Tips for Using Key Mapper ...... 6-6 Key Mapper Options and Indicators ...... 6-7 Restoring the Default Key Map ...... 6-9

Chapter 7: Using Login Scripts What Is a Login Script? ...... 7-1 Creating and Editing Login Scripts...... 7-2 Login Script Language ...... 7-3 Data Types ...... 7-3 Login Macro Descriptions ...... 7-3 Login Instruction Descriptions ...... 7-4 Restrictions ...... 7-6 Login Script Examples ...... 7-8

Appendix A: Product Support Contacting Product Support ...... A-2 International Product Support ...... A-2 Electronic Mail Support...... A-2 World Wide Web Support ...... A-3 FTP Support...... A-3 Fax Support ...... A-3 Telephone Support...... A-4 Information Required by Product Support ...... A-4

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide ix Contents

Appendix B: Using Web-Enabled X What Is Web-Enabled X? ...... B-1 Setting Up Web-Enabled X...... B-2

Glossary

Index

x NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Chapter 1 Overview of NCD Thin Client Xware

Finding the Information You Need

The documentation for NCD Thin Client Xware is described in the following table.

Information Description How Delivered How to Get There Concepts Extended discussions This document. Navigate to a topic of interest through the of Xware capabilities table of contents, index, or Acrobat Reader and when you would bookmarks (select View ➙ Bookmarks and want to use them. Page). Terms Words and phrases This document. Go to the Glossary at the end of this used in discussions of document. Click on any term highlighted in Xware. blue to jump directly to the glossary page where the term is defined. Procedures Step-by-step Online Help Click the Xware Services . In the instructions for resulting menu, select Help. Select the performing specific Contents tab, and navigate to the topic of tasks. interest.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 1-1 Chapter 1: Overview of NCD Thin Client Xware

Information Description How Delivered How to Get There (Continued) Field Brief descriptions of Context-sensitive Click on the ? in the upper-right corner of descriptions individual input and help built into the dialog box, then click on the item of output mechanisms in Xware’s dialogs. interest in the dialog. Xware’s dialogs. Technical How to contact NCD This online Go to Appendix A, “Product Support.” support technical support staff. document.

What Is Xware?

Xware is a set of software utilities that lets you run applications from remote host to your client device (a network workstation, PC, or similar device). It lets your client device communicate with UNIX or VMS workstations or servers through network or serial connections, and run X Window-based and character-based applications. For a road map that shows how to access the various Xware utilities and features, see “Navigating Xware” on page 1-7. X Window Protocol, X Servers, and X Clients Xware capabilities are based on the X Window protocol, a system for specifying the exchange of data between two computer systems. This protocol lets UNIX applications run on one machine, while input and output functions and the application’s graphical user interface appear on another machine on the network. Several different types of software modules are needed to enable an application to run on one machine and its user interface appear on another machine. To understand Xware, we need consider only two:

■ The X server detects attributes of the display, keyboard, and mouse on the operator’s machine, interprets input, and generates output to display the X application ■ X applications (also called Xclients) are graphics-based applications that communicate with the X server rather than with a particular display device.

1-2 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide What Is Xware?

This paradigm is illustrated in the following figure.

software-hardware software-software communication communication via X Window protocol application running on a GUI graphical user interface particular processor

XX A Apppplicationlication A A XX A Apppplicationlication C C GUI Functionality Functionality GUI

XX A Apppplicationlication B B GUI Functionality XX Server Server

Applic. Applic. A’s GUI B’s GUI

Applic. C’s GUI

xyzabc

The X Window Paradigm

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 1-3 Chapter 1: Overview of NCD Thin Client Xware

You may have noticed that in X Window discussions, the terms server and client are used in a way that may seem counter-intuitive. In the context of file serving, the file server software resides on a host machine, and the client resides on the machine you are operating. In X Window implementations, however, the X server resides on the machine that draws the application on the display screen. The X applications themselves (the clients) typically reside on host machines (though they can also reside on the same machine as the X server). Xware’s X Server Xware provides an X server that runs on multi-user NT servers, and lets you run X applications from UNIX or VMS machines to your client device. By default, the X applications appear alongside your Microsoft Windows applications in separate windows, as shown in the following figure.

1-4 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide What Is Xware?

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 1-5 Chapter 1: Overview of NCD Thin Client Xware

Xware Features The heart of Xware is the Xserver that lets you run X applications from other machines to your client device. Xware also provides several additional utilities to simplify network-related tasks:

■ The Connection Wizard steps you through the process of defining connections, which are links to your X applications on other machines. ■ A local / lets you emulate VT320 character-based terminals. ■ Key Mapper makes it easy to map your client device keyboard for X applications that need host-style keyboard functionality. See “Customizing the Keyboard” on page 6-1. ■ A copy and paste capability lets you copy and paste text and graphics between Microsoft Windows and X applications. You can copy a selected rectangle or entire window between two applications or to a printer. See “Copying and Pasting” on page 5-7. ■ Login scripts automate the startup of X applications using Xware’s terminal emulator, or automate the dial-up process over a serial connection. See Chapter 7, “Using Login Scripts.” Xware Configurability Xware gives you a range of options for conducting network operations:

■ Network and serial connection options let you create: • Connections that use the rsh, rexec, rlogin, XDM, telnet, or DECnet protocol. • Serial connections over a modem or over a direct serial connec- tion. This is essential for remote operations, or for cases in which a network is not available. To learn about the different connection protocols and their relative merits, see “Choosing a Connection Protocol” on page 2-4.

1-6 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Navigating Xware

■ Window manager options let you: • Choose one of two local window managers (-style or Microsoft Windows-style) • Use the window manager supplied by your host machine For more information, see “Managing Windows” on page 5-1.

■ Display modes let you: • Display X applications as individual items on the Microsoft desktop. • Display X applications grouped together in a single window. For more information, see “Managing Windows” on page 5-1.

■ Font mechanisms include a font compiler and the ability to use font servers on host machines. See Chapter 4, “Managing Fonts.” ■ Configuration facilities let you customize many aspects of X server behavior and X application appearance. Configuration data resides on the server where Xware is installed. See Chapter 3, “Configuring Xware.”

Navigating Xware

Xware is a set of utilities for performing many network connection tasks, including defining connections, starting X applications, mapping keys, managing fonts, and configuring the X server. Xware provides several ways for you to access these utilities. Windows Terminal Server Platform If you are running Xware on the Windows Terminal Server platform, the following figure shows the routes to the core utilities of Xware and the entry points to various Xware functions. These include:

■ Clicking the Xware Connections icon ■ Right-clicking on the desktop ■ Clicking the Windows Start button ■ Clicking the Xware Services icon.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 1-7 Chapter 1: Overview of NCD Thin Client Xware

1-8 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Navigating Xware

The table below summarizes the entry points to use for each operation.

Operation Entry Points Create a new connection Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Connection Wizard Click Xware Services icon in the right end of the task bar. Select Create a New Xware Connection. Right-click mouse on the desktop to get a menu. Select New ➙ Xware Connection. Access existing Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Connections. connections Double-click the Xware Connections icon. Configure Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Configuration. Xware Click Xware Services icon in the right end of the task bar. Select Configure Xware

Note The Xware Services icon is displayed when the Xware X server is running.

WinFrame Platform If you are running Xware on a WinFrame platform, the entry points are somewhat different:

■ Clicking the Xware Connections icon ■ Clicking the Xware Connection Wizard icon ■ Clicking the Xware Configuration icon ■ Clicking the Xware Services icon The table below summarizes the entry points to use for each operation.:

Operation Entry Points Create a new connection In the NCD Xware program group, click the Xware Connection Wizard icon. Right-click the Xware Services icon on your desktop. Select Create a New Xware Connection. Access existing In the NCD Xware program group, click the Xware Connections icon. connections Right-click the Xware Services icon on your desktop. Select Launch/Modify Xware Connection.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 1-9 Chapter 1: Overview of NCD Thin Client Xware

Operation Entry Points Configure In the NCD Xware program group, click the Xware Configuration icon Xware Right-click the Xware Services icon on your desktop. Select Configure Xware.

Note The Xware Services icon is displayed when the Xware X server is running.

The rest of this Guide provides additional conceptual background, and some basic procedural information you need to use Xware effectively.

Starting, Resetting, and Shutting Down Xware

Starting Xware If Xware is not already running in your Windows session, it starts any time you start a utility or connection that requires Xware. Typically, you start Xware by starting a connection to a host machine: 1. Click the Xware Connections icon . 2. In the Connects folder, double-click the desired connection. For more details on starting connections, see “Starting Connections and X Applications” on page 2-11. For a thorough background on connections, see “Understanding Connections” on page 2-2. Other ways to start Xware are to create a connection (see “Creating a Connection” on page 2-10), or to Configure Xware (see Chapter 3, “Configuring Xware.”)

1-10 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Starting, Resetting, and Shutting Down Xware

Resetting Xware Resetting closes any established connections and restarts Xware. You might want to reset Xware if you make changes on the Xware Configuration property tabs, and want the changes to take effect immediately. To reset Xware: 1. Click the Xware Services icon . 2. Select Reset X Server. Shutting Down Xware To shut down Xware: 1. Click the Xware Services icon . 2. Select Shutdown Xware. Shutting down Xware also closes the connections to any X applications that are running at the time.

Note Not all X applications shut themselves down when their connection terminates. It is a good idea to exit X appli- cations before shutting down Xware.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 1-11 Chapter 1: Overview of NCD Thin Client Xware

1-12 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Chapter 2 Starting Your X Applications

Starting an X application using NCD Thin Client Xware involves two tasks:

■ Creating a connection A connection is a communication link that specifies how Xware will exchange commands and data with a particular host machine. Some connection types let you specify host commands as part of the connection setup so that starting the connection automatically starts an X application. You create a particular connection one time only. Whenever you want to use that connection again, you simply start the connection and application.

■ Starting the connection and X application This means establishing real-time communication with a host machine, using the communication settings and instructions specified for a particular connection. For some connection types, this action also invokes an X application. To define connections that best serve your purposes, you should understand the differences between the various connection protocols that Xware supports. This chapter provides the necessary background, and covers the following topics:

■ Understanding connections ■ Creating a connection ■ Starting connections and X applications

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 2-1 Chapter 2: Starting Your X Applications

Understanding Connections

What is a Connection? A connection is a shortcut. It specifies commands and data that will establish communication with a remote host, and optionally run an X application on that host, all without leaving your client device. The following figure shows the differences between establishing communication manually and doing so using a connection.

2-2 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Understanding Connections

There are two types of connections, corresponding to the type of cable used to connect machines:

■ Network connections (Ethernet and other non-serial connections) ■ Serial connections Connections are based on communication protocols—sets of rules that define how machines package, send, receive, and unpackage units of information over a cable. Before you can define connections that actually work, software implementing an appropriate communications protocols must be running on both machines, as shown in the following figure. (Ensuring this is typically a system administrator’s job).

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 2-3 Chapter 2: Starting Your X Applications

What Is a Network Connection? A network connection is a connection established over a network cable and based on a network communication protocol. To make network connections, Xware uses the TCP/IP and DECnet communication protocols. Xware supports several connection protocols that operate over TCP/IP: XDM, telnet, rlogin, rsh, rexec. Xware also supports the DECnet Session and DECnet Launch protocols. The protocols supported by Xware are described in “Choosing a Connection Protocol” below. Choosing a Connection Protocol When you define connections from Xware to other machines, you need to know which connection protocol will best serve your purposes. In general terms, the various connection protocols let you do three types of tasks, as shown in the following table:

Use These To Do This Connection Types Notes Enter UNIX commands via a telnet, rlogin, serial Login to the host and type the path and name of VT320 terminal emulator as the X application. Then set the DISPLAY you would at a UNIX environment variable or send the display back to workstation or terminal the Xware display. Alternatively, you can use scripting commands to automate the X application startup. Log into the host, specifying telnet, rlogin, rexec, the initial X application to begin rsh Create an X Window XDM, Session You can start multiple initial X applications on your environment Xware display.

Xware’s Connection Wizard helps you create connections, prompting you for the information required for the chosen connection type. The following two tables show the types of information you need to create connections. The first describes connections that require you to enter commands manually. The second describes connections that immediately launch applications.

2-4 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Understanding Connections

Manual Application Startup Host User TCP/IP Protocol name name Password Connection rlogin ✔✔ ✔ ✔ telnet ✔✔ ✔ ✔

Automatic Application Startup Application Script file on Script Host User Pass- Application location multi-user file Protocol name name word name on host NT server on host rlogin + login script ✔✔✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ telnet + login script ✔✔✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ rsh ✔✔ ✔ ✔ rexec ✔✔✔ ✔ ✔ XDM ✔✔✔ ✔

The following tables contrast in more detail the various connection protocols supported by Xware.

TCP/IP Requirements/ Protocols Description Typical Uses/Advantages Limitations XDM A common X Window The easiest way to make the Not necessarily set up on (vuelogin on System display client device display resemble all systems. HP UX manager. Most UNIX an or workstation. Requires host side machines) hosts with X Window Manages a “session” or group daemon configuration. support XDM of X applications. To configure properly, the connections. Provides easy login and user and/or system security check. administrator needs some familiarity with the XDM protocol. XDM is often set up to run a desktop manager such as hpvue or Open Look) whose concurrent applications consume many resources.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 2-5 Chapter 2: Starting Your X Applications

TCP/IP Requirements/ Protocols Description Typical Uses/Advantages Limitations telnetA simple remote Familiar to most users. Limited support for terminal protocol Easy to create. graphics. supported by UNIX Provides basic terminal access To start X applications, hosts and some to any system anywhere. you must set the DISPLAY TCP/IP-equipped environment variable to Used for running VMS systems. the Xware display name character-based applications. Uses Xware’s and number after logging terminal emulator to You can write login scripts to on. An additional step is display the login automate login and application required to start an X prompt from your startup. application (see “Manually host. Simple interface to UNIX Started X Applications” on command line. page 2-13). Lets Xware start a host-based Requires a telnet daemon X application via a single UNIX running on the host. command line. rlogin Establishes a remote Familiar to most users. Limited support for login session on a Easy to create. graphics. host from your Xware Provides basic terminal access To start X applications, display. to any system anywhere. you must set the DISPLAY Uses Xware’s environment variable to Used for running terminal emulator to the Xware display name character-based applications. display the login and number. An additional prompt from your You can write login scripts to step is required to start an host. automate login and application X application. startup. You may need to create Simple interface to UNIX an .rhosts file to be able command line. to log in. See the rlogin Lets Xware start a host-based man page on your host. X application via a single UNIX Requires an rlogin command line. daemon running on the host.

2-6 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Understanding Connections

TCP/IP Requirements/ Protocols Description Typical Uses/Advantages Limitations rsh A remote Lets Xware start a host-based Requires an rsh daemon connection between X application via a single UNIX running on the host Xware and a host command line. machine. machine. It starts when you click on the To a ll ow rsh connections Uses a “trusted” login connection listing. from Xware, your UNIX process; no password For users lacking XDM support, host must grant access to is required. it provides a more automated the server running Xware way to start X applications than and/or your user name. telnet. See the rsh man page on your host. You can specify a host shell script file as the initial (single) application, starting a series of applications much as you can with an XDM connection). rexec After establishing a Lets Xware start a host-based Unlike rsh, it requires a connection, X application via a single UNIX password for login. automatically command line. The rexec daemon must executes an X Always available by default on be running on the host application on a UNIX systems. machine. remote host, much For users lacking XDM support, like an rsh it provides a more automated connection. way to start X applications than Unlike rsh, however, telnet. the host requires a You can specify a host shell password before script file as the initial (single) invoking the application, starting a series of X application. applications much as you can with an XDM connection).

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 2-7 Chapter 2: Starting Your X Applications

DECnet Limitations/ Protocols Description Typical Uses/Advantages Disadvantages Session Establishes a remote The easiest way to make the Xware You must set up login session on a display resemble an X terminal or the pcx$server DECnet host and workstation. object on the starts the Manages a ”session” or group of X host. See DECwindows applications. “Preparing for Session Manager on DECnet Session Provides easy login and security your Xware display. and Launch check. A predefined Launch Connections” on The quickest way to access the starts the Session page 2-9. common DECwindows interface. Manager. Launch Sends a command to Starts single X applications, like You must set up a VMS host over a DECterm, on a VMS host from your the pcx$server DECnet connection. Xware display. object on the A log file that records communication host. See events is created in the home “Preparing for directory of the VMS host machine. DECnet Session and Launch Automatically sets the display for X Connections” on applications to the Xware display. page 2-9.

Serial Communication Limitations/ Protocol Description Typical Uses/Advantages Disadvantages Serial Establishes Faster than connections using PPP The interface (for communication with a or SLIP protocols. the initial host machine over a Because you are in a terminal connection) is a modem or through a emulator, you can run VT320 window, serial communications character-based applications from rather than an cable. your host. X Window. Uses Windows Run your non-X applications first in It is slower than modem and dialing the terminal emulator. network facilities to contact the connections and You can write login scripts to host. some ISDN automate dial-up and login. Uses Xware’s terminal connections. emulator to display modem commands, machine prompts, and your login session to the host machine.

2-8 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Understanding Connections

Preparing for DECnet Session and Launch Connections Before you can use the Session or Launch protocols, you must complete the following preparatory steps on the VMS host(s) with which you want to establish Xware connections. 1. Install the ncd_serv.com file (found in the Xware installation directory) on the VMS systems you plan to use. You can do this by entering the Pathworks NFT command: $NFT COPY ncd_serv.com VMSHOST"user password":: ncd_serv.com 2. Install the ncd_serv.com file as an NCP (Network Control Program) object. You must have system account privileges to do so. a. Copy ncd_serv.com to the system executables directory: $copy ncd_serv.com sys$common:[sysexe]

b. Set the protections to allow use of ncd_serv.com: $set protection=(S:RWED, O:RWED, G:RWED, W:RE) sys$system:ncd_serv.com c. Run the NCP program by entering: $NCP d. Define the object for the permanent data base: NCP>define object pcx$server file sys$system:ncd_serv.com number 0 e. Define the object for the current data base: NCP>set object pcx$server file sys$system:ncd_serv.com number 0 f. Exit the NCP program.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 2-9 Chapter 2: Starting Your X Applications

Creating a Connection

Xware’s Connection Wizard steps you through the process of creating connections.

■ To start the Connection Wizard in WinFrame, select Program Manager ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Connection Wizard. ■ To start the Connection Wizard in Windows Terminal Server, select Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Connection Wizard. For details on specific options the Connection Wizard offers, use the online help associated with it. The following table shows the typical routes from the first page of the Connection Wizard to the various protocol choices. (In some cases, there are additional options after selecting the basic protocol. These subsequent options are not shown here.)

Selecting a Protocol with the Connection Wizard

Protocol How to get there rlogin Execute applications(s), command(s) or script(s) on a remote host ➙ Host Type ➙ Remote Login (RLOGIN) rlogin + login script Run a VT320 emulator to a remote host ➙ Remote Login (RLogin) protocol ➙ Advanced Terminal Settings ➙ Use Login Script telnet Execute applications(s), command(s) or script(s) on a remote host ➙ Host Type ➙ Te l ne t telnet + login script Run a VT320 emulator to a remote host ➙ Telnet protocol ➙ Advanced Terminal Settings ➙ Use Login Script Serial Run a VT320 emulator to a remote host ➙ Serial-based protocol Serial + login script Run a VT320 emulator to a remote host ➙ Serial-based protocol ➙ Advanced Terminal Settings ➙ Use login script file XDM Begin an X session managed by a remote host rsh Execute applications(s), command(s) or script(s) on a remote host ➙ Host Type ➙ Remote Shell (RSH) rexec Execute applications(s), command(s) or script(s) on a remote host ➙ Host Type ➙ Remote Command Stream (REXEC)

2-10 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Starting Connections and X Applications

Starting Connections and X Applications

Starting Connections The procedure for starting connections is different for WinFrame and Windows Terminal Server.

WinFrame Procedure To start a connection once it has been created:

1. Select Program Manager ➙ NCD Xware. 2. Double-click the Xware Connections folder. The Xware Connection Selector (similar to the one shown in the following figure) appears.

The Connection Selector in the example shows only the common connections available to the user. 3. Double-click the icon for the connection you want to start, or click on the icon and then click Launch. Xware makes the connection to

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 2-11 Chapter 2: Starting Your X Applications

your host, executing the instructions specified when that connection was created. For example, if you start a connection that uses the rexec protocol, Xware automatically invokes the X application that was specified when the connection was created. If you start a simple telnet connection, you are prompted for login information before the connection is established.

Windows Terminal Server Procedure To start a connection once it has been created:

1. Open the Xware Connects folder by selecting Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Connections, or by double-clicking the Xware Connections icon on your desktop as shown below.

Xware Connections

2. In the Connects folder, double-click the icon for the connection you want to start. Xware makes the connection to your host, and executes any instructions specified when that connection was created. For example, if you start a connection that uses the rexec protocol, Xware automatically invokes the X application that was specified when the connection was created. Or if you start a simple telnet connection, you are prompted for login information before the connection is established.

2-12 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Starting Connections and X Applications

Manually Started X Applications If a terminal emulator connection does not use login scripts, it can not start X applications automatically. Once you start such a connection, you must follow these steps to start an X application: 1. Double-click the Xware Configuration icon. 2. Go to the Information tab and get the Xware display name or IP address and the display number.

Note The display name and TCP/IP name refer to the server where Xware was installed.

3. At the UNIX command line, set the DISPLAY environment variable to point to your Xware display name or its IP address and display number. For example: setenv DISPLAY win-server:1 (C shell) or DISPLAY=win-server:2;export DISPLAY (K or Bourne shell) 4. Type the path and name of the X application. For example: /usr/bin/x11/

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 2-13 Chapter 2: Starting Your X Applications

2-14 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Chapter 3 Configuring Xware

Many features of NCD Thin Client Xware can be customized to meet your needs and preferences. This section provides an overview of Xware’s configuration options. To access Xware’s configuration options: 1. Bring up Xware Configuration options: • In WinFrame, select Program Manager ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Configuration.

• In Windows NT Server, select Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Configuration. 2. Click on the desired tab. These tabs are described in the following sections.

General Settings

The figure below shows the General tab of the Configuration dialog, but identifies the features configured through all four of the tabs.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 3-1 Chapter 3: Configuring Xware

Direct mouse and special key inputs; create special mappings View Xware installation details

View X server session data

Window management

Data for Connection Wizard menus

Fonts

3-2 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide General Settings

The four configuration tabs are discussed below.

■ General tab Window management items are discussed in “Managing Windows” on page 5-1. The Data Lists options let you create and modify lists of: • Possible host connections • Commands for starting X applications • Telephone numbers for dial-up serial connections Changes made to the data lists will be reflected in drop-down menus in the Connection Wizard. Font issues are discussed in Chapter 4, “Managing Fonts.”

■ Keyboard/Mouse tab See “Customizing the Keyboard” on page 6-1. ■ Information tab See “Viewing Installation Details” on page 5-5. ■ Diagnostics tab See “Viewing Diagnostic Information” on page 5-6.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 3-3 Chapter 3: Configuring Xware

Advanced Settings

Clicking Advanced Settings on the General tab displays a dialog (shown in the following figure) that lets you adjust several miscellaneous features.

.

Image Refresh

XDM

X Resources

XDM

Performance

■ The Features settings govern various host and network specific settings. The Performance-related options toggle fast line drawing. ■ The backing store settings govern whether Xware (Active options) or the X application redraws overlapped window areas. ■ The Broadcast Address and XDM Termination Action settings determine where XDM requests go and what happens when an XDM session ends. For more information about these settings, use the What’s This? help available in the Advanced Settings dialog.

3-4 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Chapter 4 Managing Fonts

This chapter provides the information necessary to understand and manage the display of X application fonts.

Potential Font Problems

Two typical problems relate to fonts:

■ The X server may be unable to find the requested font. If this happens, you may get an error message or text items may look distorted after the applications starts. ■ The application may reject a font. Some X applications support the -fn command line option that lets you specify a font other than the default font. However, some applications accept only certain fonts, and this is not evident until you try an “unacceptable” font and get an error message. The following sections discuss X server font displays and present approaches to solving font problems.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 4-1 Chapter 4: Managing Fonts

How the X Server Displays Fonts

To mediate input and output between an X application and your Xware display, the X server needs font information that is not provided by the application. This information must reside someplace where the X server can access it. Xware provides a default set of standard PCF (Portable Compiled Format) X server fonts. PCF is a font format that Xware’s X server can read directly. (Xware can also read Microsoft Windows .fon files; however, most X applications do not use or recognize these fonts.) For the list of fonts supplied by Xware, see “Font Reference” on page 4-11. Font problems can arise if you run X applications that use custom fonts not provided by Xware, or font formats other than PCF. To display those fonts on your Xware display, you need a way to make them available to the Xware X server, and to translate them into Portable Compiled Format.

Note Microsoft Windows only recognizes font data in Windows font files, designated with a .fon extension. Xware’s X server converts PCF font files to .fon files as X applications request fonts.

Xware creates the .fon files in the directory specified by the Windows TEMP environmental variable (if it has been set). If the TEMP variable has not been set, Xware creates the .fon files in the root directory of your boot disk drive. These font files are temporary and are deleted by Xware at termination.

If for some reason Xware terminates abnormally, the existing font files will be deleted the next time Xware runs. For further information on the Windows TEMP environmental variable, see your the documentation for Microsoft Windows.

4-2 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Supplying Missing Fonts

Supplying Missing Fonts

There are several ways to supply fonts that Xware cannot find on your multi-user NT server. The method you use depends on whether and where you can locate a font that the X application can use. Copying Fonts to the Multi-user NT Server In one common scenario, the X application reads fonts that reside on some machine other than the server running Xware. In this case, do the following: 1. On the multi-user NT server, create a new font directory in the Xware installation directory, where the NCD installation program places the standard Xware font directories. 2. Copy the required fonts into the directory. 3. Start the Font Tool. • In WinFrame, start the Xware Font Tool.

• In Windows Terminal Server, select Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Utilities ➙ Font Tool. 4. In the Directories list, double-click the new font directory. By default, only fonts that are in BDF font format will be displayed in the File list, and they will be selected. 5. You must convert fonts in BDF format to PCF format before Xware can read them. If BDF fonts are displayed in the Font Tool’s File list, ensure that they are all selected. Click Convert to create a .pcf file is created for each .bdf file. 6. Tell Xware how to access the .pcf font files in the new font directory. a. In the text entry box under File Name, type: *.pcf b. In the Directories list, double-click the [..] entry to go up a level and list the font directories. Then double-click the new font directory to display the .pcf files and select them in the File Name list.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 4-3 Chapter 4: Managing Fonts

c. Click Make Font Directory. This creates an index file called fonts.dir in the new font directory. The entries in fonts.dir map the file names of the fonts in that directory to the font names that X applications recognize. A few lines from the fonts.dir file in the 75dip font directory illustrates this:

For details on X Window font-naming conventions, see “Font Reference” on page 4-11.

Note Do not change Font Tool options (glyph padding, scanline unit, bit order, and byte order) unless you thoroughly understand your .bdf files. The default settings create the smallest, most efficient .pcf files.

6. Add the new font directory to the font path Xware searches to satisfy requests by X applications. • In WinFrame, select Program Manager ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Configuration ➙ General.

• In Windows Terminal Server, select Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Configuration ➙ General. The Font Path box lists the directories Xware is currently set up to search. The font path entries listed (misc, 75dpi, mswin) are relative to Xware’s installation directory. (You can enter absolute pathnames if you put your font directory elsewhere.)

4-4 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Supplying Missing Fonts

7. Type in the name of the new font directory. Locations must be separated by commas.

Note The X server searches through the font path locations from the beginning when trying to locate a font. If most of the fonts are on the font server, place the font server’s location at the front of the font path.

Getting the Font from a Host with a Font Server If the required font is in a format other than PCF or BDF, or you want a central host location for your fonts, you can use a font server (a common X Window utility) on a UNIX host to supply the font to Xware when it is requested. NCD maintains font server software you can download from its FTP site at ftp.ncd.com, provided you use one of the following host-types:

■ IBM ■ RS6000 ■ DEC ■ Ultrix ■ HP ■ Motorola ■ Sun OS ■ Solaris

Note Font servers can not be used over serial lines.

You tell Xware to use a font server by specifying the font server’s location in the X server’s font path, much as you would specify a new font directory location. However, you must use the following special syntax for font servers in the font path: tcp/host_name:port_number where host_name is the name or IP address of the host where the font server resides and port_number is a defined attribute of the font server.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 4-5 Chapter 4: Managing Fonts

■ If your host is running the R5 version of the X Window System, the default port number is 7000. ■ If your host is running the R6 version of the X Window system, this number is 7100. Ask your system administrator to verify the port used by the font server on the host you have chosen. For more details on configuring a host font server, see the PC-Xware System Administrator’s Guide. You can also download additional font server documentation from NCD’s FTP site, ftp.ncd.com. Automatic Font Substitution The General tab in the Configuration dialog has a check box that lets you enable or disable automatic font substitution. If the box is checked and Xware gets a request for a font it cannot locate, Xware automatically substitutes the font whose name is closest to the requested font. For details on font-naming conventions, see “Font Names” on page 4-13. Creating Font Aliases Aliasing a font means assigning an alternate name to the formal font name recorded in the fonts.dir file (see “Copying Fonts to the Multi-user NT Server” on page 4-3). X applications typically use long, formal font names. Each font directory supplied with Xware contains a fonts.ali file so that you can alias these names to short, simple font names. This makes it easier to specify a particular font when invoking X applications that let you choose the font. You can create your own aliases in existing fonts.ali files and you can create your own fonts.ali files in font directories that you create.

4-6 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Supplying Missing Fonts

The following figure shows a portion of a fonts.ali file located in the misc font directory, and illustrates the aliasing mechanism:

In addition to providing font names that are shorter and easier to specify, aliasing can also be used to get an application to use one of the fonts you have available. If an X application requests a font you cannot locate, or translate to PCF or BDF font formats, or access via a font server, try one of the aliasing strategies in the following subsections.

Aliasing the Missing Font Name to the Default Font To alias a missing font name to the default font, follow these steps: 1. In the directory where Xware is installed, go to the \xware\misc folder (assuming misc is the first location in your font path). 2. Open the fonts.ali file in a text editor, like Notepad. 3. Copy the line that begins with the word fixed. This line designates the default X font. 4. Paste in that line and change the word fixed to the name of the missing font sought by the X application, as shown below: fixed -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-1 X_app_fontname -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-1 When the X application requests the missing font, the X server will supply the default X font.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 4-7 Chapter 4: Managing Fonts

5. Ensure that any critical processes occurring over connections are completed or properly terminated.

Note The next step will close all connections using the X server.

6. Reset the X Server. Click the Xware Services icon, then use a a menu item to start the desired X application and see if the fixed font is acceptable.

Aliasing an Acceptable Font to a Missing Font To alias an acceptable font to a missing font, follow these steps: 1. Locate the existing font that would look best with the X application you want to run. (To examine fonts and derive the names by which the X server identifies them, use the UNIX font utilities described in “Getting Font Information” on page 4-9.) For details on font naming conventions, refer to “Font Names” on page 4-13. 2. Go to the appropriate font directory and open the fonts.ali file. 3. Insert a new line of the following form: X_app_fontname available_fontname where X_app_fontname is the font name requested by the application, and available_font is the name of the font you want to use in its place. 4. Reset Xware. (This command is available on the menu displayed when you click the Xware Services icon .) 5. Start the desired X application and see if the selected font works.

4-8 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Getting Font Information

Getting Font Information

When you are resolving font problems, you often need information about the available fonts and the search path that the X server uses when it tries to locate a font. Four UNIX utilities can be used to get font information:

■ xset(1) displays information about the current font path. ■ xlsfonts(1) lists the fonts known to the server. ■ xfd(1) displays the characters in a font. ■ xfontsel(1) displays samples of a font. This section describes these utilities. Viewing the Font Path The xset(1) utility displays the font path and other current X server settings. After using Xware to log into your host, type: # xset q . . . Font Path: misc, 75dpi, 100dpi

Listing the Available Fonts The xlsfonts(1) utility lists the fonts currently available to the X server. It has many options for narrowing the search, but its basic form lists the names of all fonts known to the server. # xlsfonts When running with the argument -fn pattern, xlsfonts lists only fonts that match the pattern. The pattern may include wildcards:

■ The asterisk (*) wildcard replaces an entire field. ■ The question mark wildcard (?) replaces any single character.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 4-9 Chapter 4: Managing Fonts

Quote these characters to prevent the shell from expanding them. For example, the following command lists all fonts whose names include the word helvetica. # xlsfonts -fn '*helvetica*'

Displaying the Characters in a Font The xfd(1) utility displays all the characters in a font. The command’s most basic syntax is: xfd -fn font_name For example, the following command displays all the characters in the 6x13 font. # xfd -fn 6x13 The font specification can include wildcard characters as shown in the example above for xlsfonts.

Displaying Samples of a Font and XLFD Names The xfontsel(1) utility displays the fonts known to the server, lets you look at samples of a font, and shows the XLFD (X Logical Font Description) name for a font. The command’s basic syntax is: xfontsel -pattern font_specification The font specification may include wildcard characters. For example, the following command displays a window in which you can select samples of various bold fonts. # xfontsel -pattern '*bold'

4-10 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Font Reference

Font Reference

Standard and Optional Fonts After installation, the standard Xware fonts reside in three subdirectories below the Xware Installation folder. Xware includes most of the freely distributed fonts known to NCD at the time of product release. When you select the default installation components, the font directories contain the components in the following table.

Component Folder Font Contents Misc fonts misc A variety of critical and obscure fonts. The most notable fonts in this folder are listed below: cursor Fonts used by Xware and many X applications for cursors. 6x13 The default fixed-width font. The file fonts.ali in the misc folder sets the “fixed” alias to this font when you install Xware. 7x14 Full ISO fixed-width fonts, meaning that these 8x16 fonts define all 256 character values for 12x24 international use. Most Xware fonts are full ISO fixed-width fonts. fonts.ali Aliases of non-existent fonts to existing fonts. When Xware is installed, the fonts.ali file contains entries for fixed, variable, and other commonly requested fonts. 75 DPI fonts 75dpi Contains low-resolution fonts required by most X applications. Windows fonts mswin Accesses Microsoft Windows fonts.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 4-11 Chapter 4: Managing Fonts

The next table shows optional fonts you can install through the Custom branch of the Xware installation program.

Component Folder Contents 100 DPI fonts 100dpi Fonts for higher resolution displays. Open Look fonts xol Fonts commonly used by Open Look X applications. DEC 75 DPI fonts dec75 75 dpi fonts used by DECWindows applications. DEC 100 DPI fonts dec100 100 dpi fonts used by DECWindows applications. HP fonts hp Fonts used by HP VUE applications. Kanji kanji Japanese fonts. Hangul hangul Korean fonts. Hanzi Guobiao hanzi Chinese fonts.

Microsoft Windows Fonts Xware can recognize and use Microsoft Windows fonts. You can access Microsoft Windows fonts in X applications by having mswin in the font path (it is there by default). To adhere to the X Logical Font Description Conventions (XLFD) for font names, Microsoft Windows font names are converted to contain distinct entries for identifying Windows fonts. An XLFD name for a Windows font contains the following fields:

Field Description Foundry The developer of the font. mswin specifies Microsoft Windows as the foundry. Font Family Fonts from the Microsoft Windows font family such as arial, ms sans serif, roman, or small font. Character Set Identifies what displays for each character in a given font. Most fonts use ANSI. Some fonts use OEM and Symbol.

For more information on XLFD naming conventions, see “Font Names” on page 4-13.

4-12 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Font Reference

Font Names In the X Window System, font names are based on the X Logical Font Description (XLFD) conventions, and supply information about the developer of the font, the font family, and characteristics such as size, weight, and dots per inch. An XLFD name has 15 fields separated by hyphens. For example, the bitmap font name: -adobe-courier-medium-r-normal--8-80-75-75-m-50-iso8859-1 describes a font with the properties shown in the following table:

Variable Field Description adobe Developer of the font, also called the foundry. courier Font family. medium Weight. r Slant (r stands for Roman). normal Width. 8 Size of the characters in pixels. 80 Size of the font in tenths of a point. 75 Horizontal and vertical resolution in DPI (dots per inch). This is the resolution of the device for which the font is designed and controls the size of the font when displayed. m Monospaced font (as opposed to pr4oportionally spaced). Terminal emulators, such as the NCD local client terminal emulators and xterm(1) require monospaced fonts. 50 Average width in tenths of a pixel. iso8859-1 Character set. Most fonts are in the ISO8859-1 character set (Latin-1, a superset of ASCII).

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 4-13 Chapter 4: Managing Fonts

Wildcards in Font Names Any field in a font specification can be replaced by a wildcard. A wildcard is a special character that allows any font to match the property represented by the wildcard.

■ The asterisk wildcard (*) replaces an entire field. ■ The question mark wildcard (?) replaces any single character. For example, this font name: -*-fixed-bold-r-normal--13-120-*-*-*-*-*-* matches these fonts: -misc-fixed-bold-r-normal--13-120-75-75-c-70-iso8859-1 -misc-fixed-bold-r-normal--13-120-75-75-c-80-iso8859-1 When searching for a font, the X server uses the first font that meets all the criteria specified in the font name. If you use wildcards, the server uses the first font that matches the properties you specify. Wildcards provide flexibility because they allow a usable font to be substituted if the intended font is not found. If you specify a font name completely, without using any wildcards, a client may fail if the X server cannot find the font that exactly matches the specification.

Bitmap Font Names versus Outline Font Names Bitmap font names and outline font names specify different amounts of information. A bitmap font name has data in all fields. An outline font name has 0s (zeros) in all of the size fields:

■ Size of the characters in pixels, ■ Size of the character in tenths of points ■ Horizontal resolution ■ Vertical resolution ■ Average width. Outline font names look similar to the following example: -*-courier-*-*-*--0-0-0-0-m-0-*-*

4-14 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Font Reference

Specifying Fonts for X Applications You can specify fonts for most X applications as X resources or with the -fn option in the X application command line. When specifying a font you must use the XLFD font name, or an alias for the XLFD font name, with or without wildcards. (For information on aliasing fonts, see “Creating Font Aliases” on page 4-6.) Here is a sample Xresource setting: xterm*boldfont: -adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--20-140-100-100-m-110-iso8859-1 Here is the same font specified on the command line: % xterm -fn -adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--20-140-100-100-m-110-iso8859-1 If you are using a font name with asterisks in a command line, the font name must be surrounded by single quotes to prevent the shell from interpreting the asterisks. For example: % xterm -fn '-*-courier-bold-r-normal--20-140-*-*-*-*-*-*' For outline fonts, you must provide a well-formed font name in the font specification. A well-formed font name contains all 14 hyphens specified in the XLFD convention. Wildcards are permitted for any field. This example is not a well-formed name; it does not contain all 14 hyphens: -*-helvetica-bold-o-*-*-*-120-*

This is a well-formed name: -*-courier-*-*-*--0-0-0-0-m-0-*-*

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 4-15 Chapter 4: Managing Fonts

4-16 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Chapter 5 Using Additional Xware Tools

This chapter covers the NCD Thin Client Xware features that support the following activities: ■ Managing windows ■ Viewing installation details ■ Viewing diagnostic information ■ Copying and pasting

Managing Windows

Choosing a Window Manager A window manager is a special X application that defines the cosmetic features of the windows on the screen, and the mechanisms for moving, sizing, and iconifying the windows. Only one window manager at a time can run on a given display.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 5-1 Chapter 5: Using Additional Xware Tools

Xware provides several options regarding window managers. To set them, follow these steps: 1. Bring up the Configuration dialog. • In WinFrame, select Program Manager ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Configuration.

• In Windows Terminal Server, select Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Configuration. 2. Go to the General tab. 3. In the Default Local Window Manager section of the tab, select one of the following: • None, if you want to use your favorite from a remote host. • NCDwm, if you want a local Motif-style window manager. • Microsoft, if you want a Microsoft Windows-style window manager. 4. Connect to the host, then start a remote window manager according to the type of connection.

Note If you select a window manager other than the current one, you must restart Xware or stop the current window manager (see below).

You can temporarily use a window manager other than the local one, and resume use of the local window manager later. You might do this if you wanted to run an X application in a remote window manager (such as Motif) for a limited time. To toggle the use of the local window manager, click the Xware Services icon , and in the resulting menu, select Stop/Start Local Window Manager.

5-2 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Managing Windows

Window Managers and X Applications Xware lets you display X applications in two ways: ■ Desktop mode ■ Single-window mode

Desktop Mode Desktop mode displays X applications and Microsoft Windows applications together, as shown in the following figure.

Microsoft application X application

X application

Desktop mode is the default state. If you change to single-window mode and want to return to desktop mode, do the following: 1. Choose the display mode: • On the WinFrame platform, go to the Xware program group, then select Xware Configuration ➙ General ➙ Run on the desk- top. Click Apply.

• On the Windows Terminal Server platform, select Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Configuration ➙ General ➙ Run on the desktop. Click Apply. 2. Click the Xware Services icon and select Reset X Server. In desktop mode, you can use Xware’s local window manager or an X Window manager from your host (see “Choosing a Window Manager” on page 5-1).

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 5-3 Chapter 5: Using Additional Xware Tools

Single-Window Mode Single-window mode displays X applications in a single, full-screen window as shown in the following figure.

To display X applications in single-window mode: 1. Choose the display mode: • On the WinFrame platform, go to the Xware program group. Select Xware Configuration ➙ General ➙ Run in a single window. Click Apply.

• On the Windows Terminal Server platform, select Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Configuration ➙ General ➙ Run in a single window. Click Apply. 2. Click the Xware Services icon and select Reset X Server. In single-window mode, you can run the local Motif-style window manager or an X Window manager from your host (see “Choosing a Window Manager” on page 5-1).

5-4 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Viewing Installation Details

Viewing Installation Details

To view installation details, follow these steps: 1. Click the Xware Services icon . A menu will appear. 2. Choose one of the following: • To see Xware’s version number, click About Xware. • To get complete information about the copy of Xware you are running, select Configure Xware ➙ Information. The Information tab displays the following information:

Option Description Serial Number The serial number of the copy of Xware you are running. Authorization code The authorization code used to install your copy of Xware. User The person registered to use this copy of Xware. Company The company name entered when Xware was installed. Xware Version Xware’s release number. Built The date and time this copy of Xware was built. Installed in The pathname to the installation folder (the directory where your Xware software was installed). Screen The dimensions of your display (for example, 1024 x 768), and color format (8-bit color, 16-bit color, and so on). TCP/IP Name The network name and IP (Internet protocol) address identifying the computer system where Xware was installed. DEC Name The DECnet node number for your client device. (optional entry) Display Number A number representing your client display. When the display number is combined with the TCP/IP name of the multi-user NT server, X applications can be directed to that particular client display.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 5-5 Chapter 5: Using Additional Xware Tools

Option Description (Continued) Enabled Features Xware capabilities enabled in the copy of Xware you are running. By default, the list includes: • network: Network connection capability. • rsh: Ability through remote shell protocol to issue commands to a host without first supplying a user name and password. X Extensions Optional X Window capabilities enabled with the copy of Xware you are running. Network Software The network software your copy of Xware uses for inter-machine communications.

Viewing Diagnostic Information

Xware logs X server events to assist you in pinpointing problems, should they arise. You can view the events that occurred during an X server session, choose which events are logged, and see which types of network connections are currently active. To view this information on the Diagnostics tab: ■ On the WinFrame platform, go to the Xware Program group and select Xware Configuration ➙ Diagnostics. ■ On the Windows Terminal Server platform, select Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Configuration ➙ Diagnostics. The Diagnostics tab contains the following elements:

Option Description Server message log This window displays the events and status messages issued by the X server during the current session. Time Stamps Enabling this option makes the X server record the time of each logged event. Extended file diagnostics Enabling this option makes the X server record the full pathname of each file it tries to open, and indicate whether the attempt was successful. Extended font diagnostics Enabling this option makes the X server record the font name and font file name for opened fonts.

5-6 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Copying and Pasting

Option Description TCP/IP These three boxes show the number and types of network sockets used by UDP Xware. X client also shows the number of X applications running. X client Clear log Deletes all previously recorded information from the Server Message Window. Create diagnostic file Saves the information in the Message Server window to the support.xsu file in your personal Xware directory.

Copying and Pasting

Xware’s X server can monitor the copy and paste buffer used by an X application and transfer its contents to the Windows Clipboard so it can be pasted into Windows applications. Similarly, the X server monitors the Windows clipboard and can copy data to the paste buffer used by the X application, as illustrated below.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 5-7 Chapter 5: Using Additional Xware Tools

As suggested by the preceding illustration, the X Window System supports multiple cut/paste buffers for transferring text and graphics between applications. The design of the X application determines which buffer holds the data you copy or cut from the X application. Historically, several names have been used for X Window buffers: ■ Primary selection ■ Secondary selection ■ Clipboard (This is also the name of the one paste buffer in Microsoft environments.) ■ Cut buffer 0 – Cut buffer 7 Further, some X applications may use custom buffers. Most X applications, however, use the primary selection buffer, and Xware monitors this buffer by default. If your X application uses a different cut/paste buffer, get the correct buffer name from the X application’s documentation, then explicitly tell Xware which X buffer to monitor. Xware provides a Copy and Paste menu that lets you specify an alternate X buffer to monitor. This menu also has options that give you flexibility in selecting the copied material. To access Xware’s copy-and-paste options: 1. Click the Xware Services icon . 2. Click Copy and Paste Graphics or Text. 3. In the Copy and Paste dialog, click a type of operation. 4. To monitor an X application buffer other than the default primary selection buffer, click XSelections. In the resulting dialog, click the X buffer you want Xware to monitor. Because Microsoft Windows and the X Window System copy and paste differently, you can copy and paste ASCII text and bitmapped images only between Microsoft Windows and X applications. Further, you can copy text or graphics—not both—in a single operation. For details on the options available, see the topic “Copy and paste options” in Xware’s online help.

5-8 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Chapter 6 Customizing the Keyboard

What Is Keyboard Mapping?

Key definitions determine the function of each of the keys on your keyboard. Keyboard mapping lets you change key definitions to make your keyboard behave like the keyboard your X application expects. Keyboard maps are saved in the keymap.xkb file and take effect the next time Xware starts or when you reset Xware’s X server.

Note Changes to keyboard mapping affect X applications, but do not affect Microsoft Windows or Xware terminal emulator applications.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 6-1 Chapter 6: Customizing the Keyboard

The following terms and definitions are used in the following discussion of keyboard mapping:

This term... Means... keysym The visual display associated with a given key, or a word describing the key’s action (such as backspace). Since the keysym for a key is the same for all X servers, keysyms are the recommended method for redefining keys. keycode The numeric identifier for a key. The keycode for a key varies among X servers. modifier or mode A key used with other keys to perform an action. Examples include the Shift and Ctrl keys.

Overview of Key Mapper

Key Mapper is a graphical utility that lets you redefine client device keyboard keys for operations in windows managed by an X server. Key Mapper lets you select key definitions from a wide range of keysym sets. Its graphical interface lets you redefine multiple keysyms in a single session without having to directly edit a key definition file.

Note The capabilities of Key Mapper capabilities are based on the UNIX xmodmap application. For detailed technical information, invoke the UNIX man page for xmodmap. To see the characters associated with keysym names, refer to The X Window System by Sheifler and Gettys.

6-2 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Overview of Key Mapper

You can start Key Mapper in either of two ways:

■ Use the Xware Utilities menu item. • On a Windows Terminal Server platform, select Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Utilities ➙ Key Mapper.

■ Use the Configuration dialog. • On a WinFrame platform, go to the NCD Xware program group and select Xware Configuration ➙ Keyboard/Mouse ➙ Run Key Mapper.

• On a Windows Terminal Server platform, select Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Configuration ➙ Keyboard/Mouse ➙ Run Key Mapper.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 6-3 Chapter 6: Customizing the Keyboard

The Key Mapper user interface is shown below:

Mode bar

Target keyboard

Source keyboard

The PC-101 keyboard at the top of the Key Mapper interface represents your client device’s keyboard—it is the target for key definitions. The keyboard at the bottom is the source of alternate key definitions. You select the set of keys in the source keyboard from an extensive list of terminal keyboards and key sets, which includes:

■ Keyboards for particular host environments, such as UNIX and Sun ■ Keys grouped for easy access, such as function keys and mode keys ■ Keys from other languages, such as Greek and Latin To map a source key to a client device target key, you can click on one key and then the other (in either order), or you can drag one key over the other.

6-4 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Redefining Keys

After redefining keys, you save your changes to a .xkb keymap file. To apply a particular keymapping to your client device keyboard, you must tell Xware which keymap to use. You can also load standard XMODMAP files as input.

Redefining Keys

To redefine keys using Key Mapper, follow these steps: 1. Start Key Mapper as described in “Overview of Key Mapper” on page 6-2. 2. (Optional) To load a file that contains key definitions, click Load and use the Load dialog to select a file. 3. Select the source keyboard or key set from the drop-down list to the right of the lower keyboard. 4. Associate a key definition in the source (lower) keyboard with a key in the target (upper) keyboard: a. In the mode bar at the top of the interface, select the mode of the target key whose definition you want to change—Shifted, Unshifted, Alt GR, or Shift+Alt GR. For example, if you want to change the value of the capital T, click Shifted. b. Select the case (upper or lower) for the source keyboard. To do this, click on Upper Case or Lower Case to the right of the lower keyboard. A white plus sign (+) in the upper-right corner of a key indicates that its case can be changed. c. Click the key you want to change in the target (upper) keyboard. d. Click the key whose keysym you want to use from the source (lower) keyboard. The mode bar at the top of the interface changes to show the key’s new value under the mode that you selected in Step a.

Note You can perform Step c before Step d if you prefer. You can also redefine keys by dragging a target key to a source key, or vice versa. You cannot associate two keys from the same keyboard.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 6-5 Chapter 6: Customizing the Keyboard

5. Click Save to save your key definitions to the keymap.xkb file in your User folder. For portable key mapping files, select Keysym File and All Keys in the Save dialog. 6. To initiate your new key mapping, select Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Configuration ➙ Keyboard/Mouse, and check Enable keymap. 7. Exit and restart Xware to implement the new keymap file. • If the Xware Services icon is available, left-click the icon and select Shutdown Xware. Then start your X application connection from the Xware Connects folder. • If the Xware Services icon is not present, start your X application connection from the Xware Connects folder.

Tips for Using Key Mapper

■ If you accidentally select the wrong key in either keyboard, click anywhere outside the current keyboard to deselect it. ■ To reset all of the keys you’ve redefined to their default values and start over, click Reset Keyboard. ■ Even if the source keysym that you want isn’t in any of the keysym sets, you can still redefine a key with that keysym if you know the keysym’s hexadecimal value. To do this, click the key you want to redefine in the target (upper) keyboard, then click Enter Hex Value to enter the value in hexadecimal notation. ■ To view a source key’s keysym, mode, and hex values, click the key and look at the entries in the Source KeySym, Source Key Mode, and Source Hex Value fields to the right of the source (lower) keyboard. ■ To view a target key’s key code and mode value, click the key and look at the entries in the Key Code and Key Mode fields to the right of the target (upper) keyboard.

6-6 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Key Mapper Options and Indicators

Key Mapper Options and Indicators

Key Symbols (in upper-left and upper-right corners of keys)

This symbol... Indicates... Rectangle A key in the target (upper) keyboard whose keysym value has been redefined. Circle A mode key. Plus sign (+) A key that has both uppercase and lowercase values.

Mode Bar

Option Description Key Face Displays the string or character shown on the corresponding key cap of a typical keyboard. UNSHIFTED Selects the unshifted keysym value of the key that will be redefined. SHIFTED Selects the shifted keysym value of the key that will be redefined. ALT GR Selects Alt GR mode for the keysym value of the key that will be redefined. For keyboards that support this mode, the redefined key will only produce the new value when the key Alt GR is pressed. SHIFT+ALT GR Selects Shift+Alt GR mode for the value of the key that will be redefined. For keyboards that support this mode, the redefined key will only produce the new value when the keys Shift+Alt GR are pressed.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 6-7 Chapter 6: Customizing the Keyboard

Upper (Target) Keyboard

Option Description Key Code Displays the key code value for the selected key in the target keyboard. Key Mode Displays the mode value of the selected key in the target keyboard. Enter Hex Value Lets you enter the hex value of a keysym instead of selecting a key in the source (lower) keyboard. Use this button if you can’t find the source key in any of the keysym sets. Load Reads in an existing keymap file containing keysym definitions. The definition syntax must conform to XMODMAP standards. Save Saves the complete key set or only the keys that have been redefined. Reset Key Restores the currently selected key to its default value. This button is enabled only when a key is selected. Reset Keyboard Restores all keys to their default values. This button is enabled if at least one key has been redefined. If you used Load to install key definitions, Reset Keyboard reverts to the state before the key definitions were loaded.

Lower (Source) Keyboard

Option Description Upper Case Sets the selected key to uppercase. This option is enabled only if the selected source key accepts upper- and lowercase values, indicated by a white + on the key. Lower Case Sets the selected key to lowercase. This option is enabled only if the selected source key accepts upper- and lowercase values, indicated by a white + on the key. keyboard and Displays a list of alternate key definition sources, key set list including UNIX and DEC keyboards, mode and function keys, a ”NoSymbol” definition useful for disabling keys, and keysym definitions for other languages.

6-8 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Restoring the Default Key Map

Option Description (Continued) Source KeySym Displays the keysym value for the selected key in the source keyboard. Source Key Mode Displays the keyboard mode name associated with the selected key in the source keyboard. Source Hex Value Displays the hex value of the selected key in the source keyboard.

Restoring the Default Key Map

To return to Xware’s default key map, follow these steps: 1. On the Keyboard/Mouse Configuration tab, ensure that Enable keymap is not checked. 2. Restart Xware. • If the Xware Services icon is available, left-click the icon and select Shutdown Xware. Then start your X application connection from the Xware Connects folder. • If the Xware Services icon is not present, start your X application connection from the Xware Connects folder.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 6-9 Chapter 6: Customizing the Keyboard

6-10 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Chapter 7 Using Login Scripts

What Is a Login Script?

A login script is a text file containing commands that log you in to a remote machine and, possibly, perform startup tasks such as invoking an application. Login scripts are useful if you issue the same sequence of commands each time you log into a particular remote host. Putting all these commands in a login script automates your standard login process. NCD Thin Client Xware supports the use of login scripts with Xware’s terminal emulator (serial, telnet, and rlogin) connections. For making telnet and rlogin connections, Xware provides generic login scripts for various computer systems. These scripts use data provided by users creating connections through Xware’s Connection Wizard. If necessary, you can write your own login scripts, using the same set of instructions and macros found in the generic scripts. The rest of this section explains how to create login scripts. It also documents the login scripting language and provides example scripts.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 7-1 Chapter 7: Using Login Scripts

Creating and Editing Login Scripts

Xware’s Connection Wizard guides you through the process of including a login script for a connection. This includes creating or modifying the script file using your Windows text editor. To add a login script to a connection’s startup sequence: 1. Start the Connection Wizard. • On the WinFrame platform, go to the NCD Xware program group and click on the Xware Connection Wizard icon.

• On the Windows Terminal Server platform, select Start ➙ Programs ➙ NCD Xware ➙ Xware Connection Wizard. 2. In the Connection Type dialog, select Run a VT320 terminal emulator to a remote host, then click Next. 3. In the Terminal Emulator dialog, select the connection protocol. For typical telnet connections, keep default port number (23). Click Advanced Terminal Settings, then select Use login script file. 4. Specify the name of the file you want to create or modify. • To open an existing script file, click Browse. Select the file, then click Open. The filename fills the login script text box. • To open a new script file, enter its name in the login script file box, then click Edit. Microsoft Windows Notepad opens the file you specified. 5. Type in and modify script commands in the file. 6. When finished, save your work by selecting File ➙ Save in the Notepad editor. 7. Complete the rest of the Connection Wizard dialogs as you would for any other connection.

7-2 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Login Script Language

Login Script Language

Xware supports a login script language that has two basic elements:

■ Login instructions These are directives issued to Xware. Some have arguments that can be used to issue commands to a host or detect responses from the host. ■ Login macros These are symbolic terms that can be assigned values, and which expand or interpret those values when used as arguments to certain login instructions. Login macros are prefixed with the $ character. Data Types Login instructions can have two types of arguments:

■ A whole number. ■ A string of characters delimited by double quotes (“) at each end. Text strings can contain one of the supported login macros. Login Macro Descriptions Using login macros, you can write a login script that is independent of the multi-user NT server and the user who invokes the script. When a user defines a new connection, the Connection Wizard captures the user-specific and multi-user NT server-specific values for the appropriate macros. $ipaddr This macro holds the IP (Internet protocol) address of the machine where Xware was installed. $application This macro holds the command line you want to execute on the remote host. When used in a text string, this macro is replaced by the command so it can be translated to the host.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 7-3 Chapter 7: Using Login Scripts

$display This macro holds the TCP/IP name or IP address of the machine where is installed. It also holds the current display number; for example, win-server:2. $dnum This macro holds the current display number; for example, win-server:2. $password This macro holds the encrypted text string generated from the password that a user gives when using the Connection Wizard. When used in a text string in a script, this macro decrypts the password so it can be transmitted to the host. $username This macro holds the user name supplied when starting a connection to a host. When used in a text string, this macro is replaced by the user name so it can be transmitted to the host.

Note These macros pertain only to connections with defined application commands, user names, and passwords. If you use the macro with a connection that did not define the application, user name, or password, the value of $application, $username, or $password is the null (empty) string.

Login Instruction Descriptions ; (semicolon) Indicates a comment. None of the text between the semicolon and the end of the line is read as a script command. alarm Sounds the alert tone on your client device. You might use this command to indicate when a connection has been successfully started. break Sends a break signal to the host. Some computers use the break signal as an attention character on a serial line. (The break signal has limited use in scripts for network connections.)

7-4 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Login Script Language

command string Sends the specified string, which must be a command recognized by a modem. Use this command for modem control. Use this command to request pauses between characters in commands sent to modems. For faster communications to devices other than modems, use the transmit command.

Note Even though the multi-user NT server communicates with a host through a modem, you can use the transmit command to send commands directly to the host once the connection has been started.

pause number Makes Xware wait the specified number of seconds before executing the next command. Some actions require a pause. For example, if you send commands that take the host several seconds to execute, you can use the pause command to make Xware wait for the host to catch up. prompt string Displays a dialog with the specified string as a prompt, then transmits the input the user enters at the prompt. transmit string Sends the specified string as fast as possible, with no pauses between characters. This command does not work well for sending commands to modems. Use command instead. waitfor string number Makes Xware wait the number of seconds (specified by number) to receive the text string (specified by string) from the host, before issuing the next line of the login script. This command is not sensitive to the case of the incoming text. If that text string does not arrive in the specified interval, the login script aborts and an error message advises you to check the server message log. The server message log records the error as follows: Script Reader: Waitfor timeout

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 7-5 Chapter 7: Using Login Scripts

waitforany string number Makes Xware wait the specified number of seconds (specified by number) to receive any character in the text string (specified by string) from the host, before issuing the next command in the login script. This command is not sensitive to the case of the incoming text. If no character from the specified text string arrives in the specified interval, the login script aborts, and an error message advises you to check the server message log. The server message log (located on the Diagnostic tab of the Configuration dialog) records the error as follows: Script Reader: Waitforany timeout

Restrictions Note the following limits when you build login scripts.

Feature Limit Max. line length 80 characters Max. string length 50 characters You can surmount this restriction by continuing a single statement on multiple lines. For example:

transmit “xemacs -i -display bobs_pc:0” transmit “-fg white -bg black” transmit “-font 6x13 &\r” Max. commands per file 75 “command” statement Send characters at the rate of one character per 155 ms. Sending non-printable Use either: characters to host • A backslash (\) followed by the numeric decimal code for the character • An escape character (described below)

7-6 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Login Script Language

To send non-printable characters, use the characters listed in the Alpha Code or Numeric Code column in the following table. For other non-printable characters, use a backslash (\) followed by the decimal value of the character.

Meaning Alpha Code Numeric Code Back space \b \8 Form feed \f \12 Line feed \n \10 Carriage return \r \13 Ta b \ t \9 Vertical tab \v \11 Backslash \ \\ \92 Dollar symbol $ \$ or $$ \36 Numeric character n to be interpreted \n as a decimal code

Case Sensitivity If a command sends arguments to the host machine, the case sensitivity of those arguments depends on the operating system or application on the host. Typically, host machines running UNIX operating systems are case sensitive, but machines running VMS operating systems are not. By contrast, command arguments specifying text strings received from the host are not case sensitive.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 7-7 Chapter 7: Using Login Scripts

Login Script Examples

The following examples will give you an idea of how to create a script. If you use these examples as a base for your script, be sure to modify all areas that will differ in your environment (such as login and password prompts, host names, and user names).

Example: Direct Dial-In This script initializes a Hayes-compatible modem and dials into a host machine. Since the script file initializes and dials the modem, do the following when you create the serial connection: 1. In the Connection Wizard, select Run a VT320 terminal emulator to a remote host. 2. Select Serial-based protocol. 3. Select Advanced Terminal Settings and specify the login script file to use. 4. Select Connect directly to the host over a serial line through a communication port.

Direct Dial-In Script pause 2 command "ATQ0V1E1S0=0\r" ;Initialize the modem. command "ATDT9,555-5555\r” ;Dial the host. waitfor "login: " 60 ;Wait for login banner. transmit "bob\r" ;Log in as bob. waitfor "word:" 60 ;Wait for password prompt. prompt "Hood Password" ;Prompt for password.

Note The \r is a standard escape character that designates a carriage return. Semicolons precede comments (shown in these examples on the right side of lines).

7-8 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Login Script Examples

This script instructs the multi-user NT server to: 1. Wait two seconds, initialize the modem, then dial into the host (hood in this example). 2. Wait up to 60 seconds for the host to transmit a login prompt back to the multi-user NT server. 3. After receiving the login prompt, send the username bob to the host, then wait for the host to send a password prompt. 4. After receiving the password prompt, display a dialog with the prompt Hood Password. The user then enters a password to complete the login.

Example: Terminal Server Login This script directs the multi-user NT server to log in to a host over telephone lines through a terminal server. The modem initialization and dialing is defined in the serial connection and performed automatically.

Terminal Server Login Script pause 2 waitfor "word: " 60 ;Wait for password prompt. prompt "Cisco Password" ;Send a Cisco password. pause 1 transmit "hood\r" ;Connect to host "hood." waitfor "login:" 60 transmit "bob\r" ;Log in as bob. waitfor "word:" 60 prompt "Hood Password" ;Prompt for password. This script instructs the multi-user NT server to: 1. Wait two seconds for modem dialing to complete. 2. Wait up to 60 seconds for the terminal server to provide a password prompt. 3. After receiving the password prompt, display a dialog with the prompt Cisco Password. The user then enters the terminal server password to complete the login.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 7-9 Chapter 7: Using Login Scripts

Example: Require a Callback In this example, the login script requires the host to call back and give permission to log in. The modem initialization and dialing are defined in the serial connection and performed automatically.

Require a Callback Script pause 1 waitfor "username:" 20 transmit "hood\r" ;Send user name response. waitfor "word:" 20 prompt "Group Password" ;Prompt for group password pause 2 command "ath\r"; Hangup. pause 1 waitfor "RING" 60 ;Host calling back. Modem ;Sends tone signal. command "ata\r" ;Answer the phone. waitfor "name:" 20 transmit "bob\r" ;Send user name. waitfor "word:" 20 prompt "Login Password" ;Prompt for password.

Example: Telnet Login This example is for a telnet session. It tells the host to open an EMACS window on the multi-user NT server running Xware.

Telnet Script pause 1 transmit "bob\r" ;Log in as bob. waitfor "word:" 20 prompt "Hood Password\r" ;Prompt for a password. waitfor "hood(1)" 20 ;Wait for user’s host shell ;prompt. transmit "xemacs -DISPLAY bobs_pc:2 >& /dev/null\r" ;Start emacs on client. waitfor "hood(2)" 20 ;Wait for user's host shell ;prompt. transmit "exit\r" ;Log out from host.

7-10 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Login Script Examples

Example: Automated Login Using three macros, this script issues the user name, password, IP address, and display number to the host machine. It directs the host to start an Xterm window and display its user interface on the Xware display.

Note This example assumes that you always have the same display number for each Xware session.

Automated Login Script waitfor "login:" 15 ;Wait up to 15 seconds to ;receive the string login ;before issuing next line. transmit "$username\r" ;Log in as georgej. waitfor "word:" 15 transmit "$password\r" ;decrypt the encrypted ;password string, ;A80162566E6E, submit it ;to host as the password. waitforany "?>:)" 15 ;Wait up to 15 seconds to ;receive the shell prompt :character ?,>, or : ;before issuing next line. transmit "xterm -display $ipaddr:$dnum &\r" ;invoke the xterm ;program on this client ;(whose IP address is ;identified by the macro ;$ipaddr:#). transmit "exit\r" ;Log out from host.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 7-11 Chapter 7: Using Login Scripts

7-12 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Appendix A Product Support

This appendix explains how to contact NCD Product Support staff. Before you request support for an NCD product, you need to return your product registration card.

Note If you purchased your NCD product from an NCD distributor or a value-added reseller (VAR), ask that distributor or reseller whether they provide product support before you contact NCD directly.

Support for NCD Thin Client Xware is free during regular business hours for 30 days, beginning with your first call. After this period, please contact NCD at one of the following numbers for information about support contracts: 503-641-2200 1-800-800-9599 (U.S. and Canada only) If you prefer, you can get the latest information on Xware FTP support on the World Wide Web at this address: http://www.ncd.com/support

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide A-1 Appendix A: Product Support

When you encounter a technical problem or have a question, consult Xware’s online documentation and online help. For late-breaking updates and technical information, see the product Release Notes. If you cannot find an answer or a solution in the documentation, contact NCD Product Support as described below.

Contacting Product Support

International Product Support If you are outside the U.S. and Canada, contact the distributor that sold you the NCD product. If this is not possible, or if you need direct technical assistance, do one of the following:

■ Follow the international dialing instructions appropriate for your location to call the numbers. Then call one of the following numbers and ask for Product Support: 503-641-2200 1-800-800-9599 (U.S. and Canada only) See “Telephone Support” on page A-4 for further instructions.

■ Send your support request via e-mail to: [email protected] See “Electronic Mail Support” below for further instructions. Electronic Mail Support To contact NCD via e-mail, send a mail message to: [email protected] Product support will automatically return an electronic problem template in response to your message. The template includes the same information that is listed in “Information Required by Product Support” on page A-4.

A-2 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Contacting Product Support

Product Support’s reply to your e-mail will contain an NCD Support Incident ID number. Please include this number when you send e-mail messages to Product Support about this issue. You do not need to include the problem template information in subsequent messages. World Wide Web Support NCD’s World Wide Web site provides updates, product information, technical notes, and the NCD Knowledgebase. The Knowledgebase contains most technical information for Xware. You may also submit a support request or comment. The NCD web site is located at: http://www.ncd.com

FTP Support The NCD FTP site provides product updates. To access NCD’s FTP site, log into the following host: ftp.ncd.com When prompted for a user name, enter anonymous. When prompted for a password, enter your e-mail address. After logging in, go to this directory to find updates for Xware: /pub/pcx/Archive/xware

Note Since most files are binary, remember to execute a binary command before getting a file.

Fax Support Before you send a fax to Product Support, make sure that it contains all of the information listed in “Information Required by Product Support” on page A-4. Then fax it to: 503-641-2959 Faxes help the support engineer analyze your question and prepare a solution before contacting you. When the support engineer is prepared, it takes less of your time to resolve the problem.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide A-3 Appendix A: Product Support

Telephone Support Before calling NCD, obtain the information that is listed in “Information Required by Product Support” on page A-4. Then call one of the following numbers and ask for Product Support: 503-641-2200 1-800-800-9599 (U.S. and Canada only) When you call, be at your multi-user NT server’s console. Often the support engineer needs data from the server or asks you to perform tasks at the console. During your call, you will receive an NCD Support Incident ID number. Please mention the number in subsequent calls concerning the same issue.

Information Required by Product Support

When you call NCD Product Support, they will need the following information:

■ Personal information • Support Incident ID (if you’ve contacted Product Support before) • Company ID and Customer ID (if you’ve contacted Product Support before) • Your name, title, and company • Your telephone number, fax number, e-mail address, and mailing address

A-4 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Information Required by Product Support

■ Multi-user NT server hardware information • Server manufacturer/CPU type • Number of CPUs • CPU clock speed • Storage device • Network card(s) • Bus architecture •RAM • CD-ROM drive type • Manufacturer/model ■ Product version and serial numbers ■ Operating environment • Client protocols and devices in use • Xware version and patch level • Terminal server operating system (Windows NT Server or WinFrame) • Service packs/hotfixes • Number of configured concurrent users • Applications in use ■ X application host information • X application host operating system and version level • Window manager and version • Language • Other application information ■ A description of the problem or symptom ■ Step-by-step instructions that will allow NCD Product Support to reproduce the problem

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide A-5 Appendix A: Product Support

A-6 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Appendix B Using Web-Enabled X

NCD Thin Client Xware includes Web-Enabled XTM, the standard for enabling access to X applications through World Wide Web browsers.

What Is Web-Enabled X?

Web-Enabled X lets users start X applications on remote hosts by activating hot links or icons on your Web pages. Web-Enabled X enables you to:

■ Centralize administration for X application connections. Because the connection information is stored on your Web pages, the administrative tasks occur in a centralized, controlled location—not on each user’s client device or multi-user NT server.

■ Simplify end-user access to X applications. Xware users can launch X applications from their favorite Web browser. Starting an X application is as easy as clicking an icon or hot link—users do not need to know X application commands.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide B-1 Appendix B: Using Web-Enabled X

Setting Up Web-Enabled X

Web-Enabled X is easy to set up for your corporate or workgroup intranet. For instructions on setting up and using Web-Enabled X, go to NCD’s World Wide Web site by doing one of the following:

If you use... Do this... Netscape or Mosaic Click the address below: http://www.ncd.com/webx/index.html If you have not configured the Adobe Acrobat Reader to use a Netscape browser or Mosaic, it will prompt you to do so now. Any other Web browser Start your Web browser and enter the following address: http://www.ncd.com/webx/index.html

B-2 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Glossary

active window The window that has the input focus. The active window is distinguished from other windows by a different frame color or shading. application A program for a specific purpose, such as accounting or word processing. (See also X application.) backing store When an X server maintains the contents of a window, the pixels saved off screen are called a backing store. client A program that depends to some extent on the services of another program or system, termed a server. (See also Xclient.) client device A computer system (such as a network workstation, PC, or similar device) from which you run applications on remote host computers. configuration In the context of Xware, the ability to customize the way Xware looks and performs network communications tasks. Accomplished through Xware’s Configuration dialog.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Glossary-1 Glossary connection A named set of instructions that automatically establish connectivity between your client device and a host machine. Some connection types can be defined to perform additional initialization tasks and to start X applications. See Connection Wizard. Connection Wizard A sequence of dialogs that step you through the process of creating new connections. See connection. daemon A system process that acts without the user requesting it. Certain connection protocols require their own daemons running on the host computer. Meeting this requirement is typically a system administrator’s responsibility. DECnet DEC networking software that runs over Ethernet in local area networks and wide area networks. DECwindows DEC’s implementation of the X Window System. A software interface for video displays. default A function-dependent parameter assigned when you do not specify a value. DNS Domain Name Server. An optional network utility serving as a centralized name-to-IP address mapping device. Ethernet An industry standard for specifying non-serial network communications. font server A program that provides X fonts and scalable X fonts to X servers on the network. graphical user interface Software that facilitates the interaction between the computer and the user. Often abbreviated as “GUI.” GUI See graphical user interface. host A computer system which provides a set of services for a remote system. input device A device used to direct data and instructions to an X server. The keyboard and a mouse are the standard input devices used with the X server.

Glossary-2 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Glossary

IP address Internet Protocol address. The address identifying a module on a network using TCP/IP protocol. ISDN Integrated services digital network. A service offered by telephone companies to transmit data faster and more reliably than is possible with standard telephone service. Requires alternate hardware to a modem and special setup procedures. keycode The number (ranging from 8 to n) that uniquely identifies each key on the keyboard. Keycodes depend on the X server. keymap The mapping of keycode to a keysym. keysym The fully translated key symbol that X client programs typically use for programming keyboard input operations. local terminal emulator See terminal emulator. local window manager A program that runs on the client device, providing window manipulation services, such as positioning and resizing. meta key The Alt key on the keyboard. modifier keys A key such as Shift, Control, Alt and CapsLock that can be pressed with a second key to modify the function of the second key. multi-user NT server A multi-user Windows NT-based server that connects client devices to services or hosts in a local area network or over the Internet.

NCDware NCD’s software for network computers. ncdwm NCD’s local window manager program. (See also local window manager.) network In the most general sense, any system of computers connected in a way so that they can communicate. Often used to refer to non-serially connected systems. (See also Ethernet and serial.) OPEN LOOK A graphical user interface specification developed by Sun Microsystems and licensed exclusively through X/Open Company Limited.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Glossary-3 Glossary

OpenWindows Sun Microsystem’s X-based user environment. OSF/Motif Open Software Foundation’s graphical user interface; used by the NCD local window manager, ncdwm. PCF Portable compiled format. An X server font format supported by Xware. PPP Point-to-Point Protocol; a communication protocol for transmitting information over standard telephone lines. protocol A set of rules used in the exchange of information between computer systems. remote configuration A method of configuring Xware, such as changing operational parameters from another machine. rexec Remote execution. A UNIX protocol which runs on networked computers and permits response to a request containing a valid user name, password, and command from another machine. It requires a remote execution server (often called an rexec daemon) to be running on the target computer. rlogin Remote login. A UNIX protocol that establishes a remote login session on a host from a terminal. In the case of a client device running Xware, the login prompt is displayed on Xware’s terminal emulator. The .rhosts directory in your home directory on the host machine contains a list of the hosts that allow connection without a password. rsh Remote shell. A UNIX protocol that runs on networked computers and permits response to a request containing a valid user name and command from another machine. It differs from rexec protocol in that no password is required. It requires a remote execution server (often called an rsh daemon) to be running on the target computer. serial Refers to inter-machine communication over a serial communications cable, adhering to the RS-232-C communications protocol. (See also RS-232-C.) serial client A local client that provides a VT320 terminal emulation window for connecting to a host through the serial port.

Glossary-4 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Glossary server A system that provides a specific set of services (such as input or display) to a client program or system. Also a device on a network providing a service, such as a boot server or a print server. (See also X server.) Services icon Displays in the status region of the Microsoft Windows when Xware is running on the Windows NT Server platform. If the status region is in its default location, the Service icon appears at the opposite end of the taskbar from the Start menu. Right-click the icon for a menu to access Xware. (See also taskbar.) session See X session. Session Manager The DECwindows client used to control DECwindows sessions. TCP/IP See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. telnet The Internet standard protocol for remote terminal connection services. taskbar The region on a Microsoft Windows desktop that shows the Start menu and any iconified processes. When Xware is running on the Windows NT Server platform, the Xware Services icon is displayed in the status area of the taskbar. telnet client The local client that provides VT320 terminal emulation for connecting to a host using telnet. terminal emulator A client used to emulate the function of a terminal. Xterm, the standard X terminal emulator, emulates a VT102 terminal. Xware’s local client terminal emulators (telnet, rlogin, and serial), emulate a VT320 terminal. Transmission Control Two networking protocols commonly used for communication Protocol/Internet Protocol over local area networks. (TCP/IP) VMS Virtual Memory System; the operating system for a VAX computer. VT320 A widely used terminal emulation standard defined by DEC.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Glossary-5 Glossary

What’s This? help A form of online help you can get about items in dialogs that have a ? icon at the right end of the dialog banner. Click on the ?. The cursor becomes a ? shape. Move the cursor to the item of interest in the dialog and click. window manager An application that allows you to manipulate the cosmetic features of the windows displayed on the screen, and the mechanisms for moving, sizing, and iconifying them. (See also X Window Manager.) X See X Window. X application An application or other program implementing the X Window protocol. In most cases, interchangeable with X client. (See also X server.) X client An X Window System application program that depends on the services of an X server program. In most cases, it is interchangeable with X application. (See also X server.) X 11 Release 6 (X11R6) The release of the X Window system that is implemented by NCD in Xware. A protocol that provides an automatic X protocol connection to a specified host when an X server starts or restarts. Also called XDM. X server The software that provides display services for clients and handles keyboard and pointer input. This is part of Xware. (See also Xclient.) X session All the processing that goes on from the time you log in to use the X Window System until you log out. X terminal A display monitor, keyboard, base containing processors, and a mouse. The X terminal processors are dedicated to running the X server. X Window A network-based graphical window system that lets you interact with applications running on multiple hosts.

Glossary-6 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Glossary

X Window manager A special X application that provides window management capabilities. Unlike other X applications, you can run only one window manager at a time on a given display. (See also window manager.) XDM See X Display Manager. Xterm The standard X terminal emulator. (See also terminal emulator.) WinFrame A multi-user Windows NT 3.51 operating system from Citrix Systems.

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Glossary-7 Glossary

Glossary-8 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide 2Index A connecting to a host 2-11 advanced configuration settings 3-4 connection protocols aliasing fonts 4-6, 4-11 Launch (VMS-based) 2-8 applications rexec 2-7 starting 2-1 rlogin 2-6 authorization code for installed Xware 5-5 rsh 2-7 authorized extensions for installed Xware 5-6 Session (VMS-based) 2-8 authorized features of installed Xware 5-6 supported by Xware 2-4 telnet 2-6 B which to use 2-4 to 2-8 buffer XDM 2-5 cut buffer 5-8 Connection Wizard primary selection 5-8 starting 1-8, 1-9, 2-10 build date for installed Xware 5-5 connections building connections 2-10 creating 2-10 definition 2-2 C displaying list of 1-8, 2-11, 2-12 Ethernet 2-3 character set, displaying with the xfd network 2-3 command 4-10 network, definition 2-4 choosing a connection protocol 2-4 to 2-8 serial 2-3 clipboard starting 2-11 Microsoft Windows 5-8 terminal emulator 7-1 X Window system 5-8 types 2-3 color format 5-5 connections icon 2-11, 2-12 command list, modifying 3-3 Connects folder 2-11, 2-12 communication protocols 2-4 opening 1-8 definition 2-3 copy and paste 5-8 serial 2-8 limitations 5-8 used by Xware 2-4 specifying X buffer to use 5-8 company name entered for installed Xware 5-5 creating connections 2-10 configuration property tabs 1-8, 3-1 configuring Xware custom fonts 4-2 customer support A-1 advanced settings 3-4 features accessed through property tabs 3-2 modifying host, command and phone lists 3-3 D overview 1-6 data types of login script language 7-3 through property tabs 3-1 date of build for installed Xware 5-5

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Index-1 Index defining connections 2-10 font path, reporting with the xset command 4-9 diagnostic information 5-6 management 4-1 to 4-10 detailed logging of X server events 5-6 Microsoft Windows 4-12 saving in a log file 5-7 names, bitmap and outline 4-14 direct dial-in, example of 7-8 names, using wildcards 4-14 display PCF 4-2 dimensions 5-5 problems 4-1 font character set with the xfd command 4-10 specifying for X applications 4-15 standard and optional sets 4-11 E substitution, automatic 4-6 electronic mail, sending to NCD A-2 techniques for supplying missing 4-3 to 4-8 enabled extensions for installed Xware 5-6 wildcard characters in font specifications 4-14 enabled features of installed Xware 5-6 X server mechanism for displaying 4-2 events log 5-6 X Window naming conventions 4-13 exiting Xware 1-11 fonts.ali file 4-6 extensions enabled for installed Xware 5-6 fonts.dir file 4-4, 4-6 functionality of Xware, accessing 1-7 F faxing to technical support A-3 H features history of X server session 5-6 enabled for installed Xware 5-6 host list, modifying 3-3 summary of Xware 1-6 features configured through property tabs 3-2 I font path icon checking current 4-4 Xware connections 2-11, 2-12 definition 4-4 Xware Services 1-1, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10, 1-11, 4-8, 5-2, reporting with the xset command 4-9 5-3, 5-4, 5-5, 5-8, 6-6, 6-9 font server, converting font formats using 4-5 installation cut and paste folder for Xware 5-5 See copy and paste instructions for Xware iv fonts installation details aliases 4-6, 4-11 authorization code for Xware 5-5 automatic substitution 4-6 build data of Xware 5-5 available, listing with the xlsfonts command 4- company name entered for Xware 5-5 9 extensions enabled for Xware 5-6 character set, displaying with the xfd features enabled for Xware 5-6 command 4-10 installation folder for Xware 5-5 comprehensive data, accessing with the xfont- network name and IP address of client sel command 4-10 device 5-5 converting font formats using a font server 4-5 network software used by Xware 5-6 custom 4-2 registered user of Xware 5-5 descriptions of supplied 4-11 to 4-15 screen dimensions, color format, resolution 5-5 displaying information about 4-9 to 4-10 serial number of Xware 5-5 fixed-width 4-11 version of Xware 5-5 font path, definition 4-4 viewing all 5-5

Index-2 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Index instruction set of login script language 7-4 status for X server session 5-6 IP address and network name of client device 5-5 Microsoft Windows clipboard 5-8 K fonts 4-11, 4-12 key definitions paste buffer 5-8 redefining 6-5 mode keys 6-2 Key Mapper utility modifier keys 6-2 definition 6-2 options and indicators 6-7 to 6-9 N starting 6-3 navigating to Xware functions 1-7 tips for using 6-6 NCD product support A-1 key mapping 6-1 to 6-9 contacting by telephone A-4 procedure 6-5 FTP site, accessing A-3 keyboards, redefining keys on 6-1 to 6-9 sending electronic mail to A-2 keycode 6-2 sending faxes to A-3 keysym 6-2 World Wide Web site access A-3 network communication protocols 2-4 L network connections, definition 2-4 Launch (VMS-based) connection protocol 2-8 network name and IP address of client device 5-5 Launch connection, preparation 2-9 network sockets used by Xware 5-7 listing available fonts with the xlsfonts network software used by installed Xware 5-6 command 4-9 log file O of X server session events 5-7 optional features enabled for installed Xware 5-6 log file, X server 5-6 login script P definition 7-1 paste buffers login script language 7-3 to 7-6 Microsoft Windows 5-8 data types 7-3 specifying X buffer to use 5-8 instruction set 7-4 X Window system 5-8 macros 7-3 PCF fonts 4-2 restrictions 7-6 phone list, modifying 3-3 sample scripts 7-8 primary selection buffer 5-8 login scripting 7-1 to 7-11 procedural information iv procedure 7-2 product support A-1 property tabs, configuration 1-8, 3-1 M protocols macros supported by login script language 7-3 communication 2-3 making a connection 2-11 serial 2-8 mapping keys 6-1 to 6-9 connection procedure 6-5 Launch (VMS-based) 2-8 menus to Xware features 1-7 rexec 2-7 messages rlogin 2-6 clearing message window 5-7 rsh 2-7 saving in a log file 5-7 Session (VMS-based) 2-8

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Index-3 Index

telnet 2-6 starting a connection 2-11 which to use 2-4 to 2-8 starting X applications 2-1 XDM 2-5 starting Xware 1-10 connections status messages supported by Xware 2-4 saving in a log file 5-7 network communication 2-4 status messages for X server session 5-6 clearing message window 5-7 R substituting fonts 4-6 redefining keys 6-1 to 6-9 support, product A-1 procedure 6-5 support.xsu file 5-7 resetting Xware 1-11 system administration, additional publications iv resolution of display 5-5 restrictions for login script language 7-6 T rexec connection protocol 2-7 task-oriented documentation iv rlogin connection protocol 2-6 TCP/IP rsh connection protocol 2-7 relation to Xware 2-4 running Xware 1-10 TCP/IP address of client device 5-5 TCP/IP sockets used by Xware 5-7 S technical support A-1 saving X server session log 5-7 telephone support by NCD A-4 screen dimensions 5-5 telnet script language 7-3 to 7-6 connection protocol 2-6 data types 7-3 login sample 7-10 instruction set 7-4 terminal server, sample login script 7-9 macros 7-3 terminating Xware 1-11 restrictions 7-6 time stamp for logged X server events 5-6 sample scripts 7-8 troubleshooting aids 5-6 scripting login sequences 7-1 to 7-11 types of connections 2-3 procedure 7-2 selecting a connection 2-11 U serial communication protocol 2-8 UDP sockets used by Xware 5-7 serial number of installed Xware 5-5 user interface to Xware 1-7 Services icon 1-1, 1-8, 1-9, 1-10, 1-11, 4-8, 5-2, 5-3, user registered for installed Xware 5-5 5-4, 5-5, 5-8, 6-6, 6-9 Session (VMS-based) connection protocol 2-8 V Session connection, preparation 2-9 version of Xware installed 5-5 setting up B-2 VGA displays, fonts 4-11 setting up connections 2-10 viewing Shutting down Xware 1-11 installation details 5-5 sockets used by Xware 5-7 X server session history 5-6 starting the Connection Wizard 1-8, 2-10 W X applications Web-Enabled X B-2 starting a connection 2-11 definition B-1 Xware 1-8 wildcards, using in font specifications 4-14

Index-4 NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Index window manager resetting 1-11 definition 5-1 shutting down 1-11 suspend/resume local 5-2 standard and optional font sets 4-11 using the host’s X applications 5-3 the X server 1-4 World Wide Web site A-3

X X applications definition 1-2 font problems 4-1 starting 2-1 starting a connection 2-11 X client definition 1-2 X server definition 1-2 font mechanism 4-2 Xware’s 1-4 X server session enabling extended diagnostics 5-6 status messages 5-6 viewing log 5-6 X Window protocol, relation to Xware 1-2 X Window System font naming conventions 4-13 reference documentation iv system administration documentation iv user documentation iv X protocol documentation iv X Window system clipboard 5-8 paste buffers 5-8 specifying paste buffer to use 5-8 XDM connection protocol 2-5 xfd command 4-10 xfontsel command 4-10 XLFD 4-12, 4-15 xlsfonts command 4-9 xset command 4-9 Xware configurability 1-6 definition 1-2 features summary 1-6 fixed-width font at installation 4-11 relation to X Window protocol 1-2

NCD Thin Client Xware User’s Guide Index-5