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Hepatotoxicidade De Plantas Medicinais. XLIX. Ação Da In- Fusão De Cayaponia Tayuya (Vell.) Cogn

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Hepatotoxicidade De Plantas Medicinais. XLIX. Ação Da In- Fusão De Cayaponia Tayuya (Vell.) Cogn ORIGINAL Hepatotoxicidade de plantas medicinais. XLIX. Ação da in- fusão de Cayaponia tayuya (Vell.) Cogn. no camundongo* Hepatotoxicity of medicinal plants. XLIX. The infusion of Cayaponia tayuya (Vell.) Cogn. in mouse Ana Gabriela Urbanin Batista 1 RESUMO: os autores estudaram a hepatotoxicidade de Cayaponia tayuya (Vell.) Ruberval Armando Lopes 2 Cogn. (taiuiá). Foram usados camundongos Swiss machos pesando 30 g em Marcos Alexandre de Souza 3 média, que receberam no bebedouro infusão de raízes de taiuiá (10 g/l de Ariane Kasai 4 água), durante 18 dias. Estudos histológico, cariométrico e estereológico foram realizados em cortes de 6 µm de espessura de fígados fixados em formol e cora- Paulo Eduardo V. de Paula Lopes 5 dos com hematoxilina e eosina. Ao exame histopatológico, foram observados Miguel Angel Sala 6 hepatócitos volumosos com citoplasma granuloso e vacuolizado, com núcleos Simone Cecílio Hallak Regalo 7 maiores, sendo alguns muito volumosos. Os vasos e sinusóides estavam dilata- Sérgio Olavo Petenusci 8 dos e congestos. Foram observados focos de inflamação crônica.O espaço-porta estava preservado. O exame cariométrico detectou núcleos maiores, porém não 1 Graduanda em Biomedicina da Universidade de Franca significantes, e sem alteração de forma. Estereologicamente, os hepatócitos eram (Unifran). significantemente mais volumosos e a densidade numérica dos hepatócitos por *Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso. mm3 era menor. Os resultados sugerem que a infusão de raízes de taiuiá causou 2 Professor titular da Faculdade de Odontologia de no fígado do camundongo o aparecimento de células mais volumosas com acú- Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP) e assessor de Patologia da Universidade de Franca (Unifran). mulo de glicogênio e focos de inflamação crônica no parênquima hepático. 3,4 Graduandos em Biomedicina da Universidade de Fran- ca (Unifran). Palavras-chave: taiuiá; fígado; camundongo; fitoterápico; histometria. 5 Geógrafo e docente da Faculdade Bandeirantes – Ri- beirão Preto. 6, 8 Professores titulares da Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP). AbsTracT: The authors studied the hepatotoxicity of Cayaponia tayuya (Vell.) 7 Professor doutor da Faculdade de Odontologia de Cogn. (taiuiá). They used male Swiss mice weigthing 30g in average which re- Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP). ceived in the water an infusion of Cayaponia tayuya roots (10 g/l of water), during 18 days. Histological, kariometric and stereologic studies were accomplished in cuts of 6µm thickness of livers settled in formaldehyde and stained with he- matoxylin and eosin. The histopatological exams detected a voluminous hepa- tocytes with granular cytoplasm and vacuolated, with bigger nuclei, being some very voluminous. The vessels and sinusoids were dilated and congested. It was detected incidence of chronic inflammation.T he portal space was preserved. The kariometrical exams detected bigger nucleus, however not significant, and wi- thout shape alteration. Stereologically, the hepatocytes were significantly more voluminous and the numerical density of the hepatocytes per mm3 was smaller. The results suggest that the infusion of roots of Cayaponia tayuya caused in the liver of the mouse the upraising of more voluminous cells with accumulation of glycogen and incidence of chronic inflammation in hepatic parenchyma. Key words: Cayaponia tayuya; liver; mouse; phytotherapic; histometry. Investigação – Revista Científica da Universidade de Franca Franca (SP) v.6 n. 1 p. 7–12 jan. / abr. 2006 INTRODUÇÃO Konoshina (1995) utilizou, in vitro, glicosídeos Cayaponia tayuya (Vell.) Cogn., conhecida como isolados das raízes de taiuiá e verificou uma inibição taiuiá, abobrinha-do-mato, azougue-do-brasil, raiz- significativa do vírus Epstein-Barr e um efeito antitu- de-bugre, etc., é uma trepadeira herbácea, vigorosa, moral em pele de ratos. da família Cucurbitaceae, nativa de todo o Brasil. Pos- Após análises fitoquímicas, a taiuiá mostrou sui raízes longas, tuberosas e ramos sulcados longos e conter glicosídeos, cucurbitacinas, saponinas, este- um tanto carnosos. Suas folhas são tri ou pentaloba- róis e compostos antioxidantes com propriedades das, de 12 a 18 cm de comprimento. Inflorescências analgésicas e antioxidantes (SCHULTES; RAFFAUF, unissexuais, com flores, masculinas ou femininas, 1990; BAUER et al., 1985). de cor amarelo-esverdeada. Existem várias espécies As cucurbitacinas têm mostrado atividades cito- de Cayaponia nativas do Brasil, conhecidas pelos tóxicas e mutagênicas (PAGOTTO et al., 1995; TEI- mesmos nomes populares e com características e XEIRA et al., 1996, apud DI STASI; HIRUMA-LIMA, propriedades mais ou menos semelhantes. São elas: 2002). Outros efeitos biológicos, por elas provoca- Cayaponia espelina (Manso) Cogn., Cayaponia podantha dos, são: aumento da permeabilidade capilar e di- Cogn., Cayaponia martiana (Cogn.) Cogn., Cayaponia minuição da permeabilidade vascular, hipovolemia, bonariensis (Mill) Mart. Crov. e Cayaponia pilosa Cogn. diminuição da pressão arterial, inibição da ovula- (VIEIRA, 1992; LORENZI; ABREU MATOS, 2002). ção, diarréia, diminuição da síntese de eicosanóides O conhecimento das utilidades desta planta vem e aumento da razão AMPc/GMPc (MIRÓ, 1995, apud sendo transmitido pelos índios americanos aos coloni- DI STASI; HIRUMA-LIMA, 2002). zadores desde tempos remotos. Durante séculos os ín- O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar a dios da Amazônia têm usado a taiuiá contra mordidas toxicidade da taiuiá no fígado do camundongo. de cobras e no tratamento do reumatismo (RUPPELT et al. 1991). Esse conhecimento acumulado nos per- MATERIAL E MÉTODOS mite verificar que a planta tem sido empregada contra Foram utilizados 10 camundongos Swiss ma- dores em geral e como tônico e purificador do sangue chos, provenientes do Biotério Central do Campus de (BERNARDES, 1984). O decocto das raízes tuberosas Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), tem propriedades purgativa, emética, analgésica, anti- pesando em média 30 g, os quais foram mantidos em sifilítica e depurativa, sendo empregado no tratamento condições ideais de biotério e em ciclo claro/escuro das dores reumáticas, neuralgias, dispepsia, erisipela, de 12 horas e receberam no bebedouro a infusão de dermatoses, eczemas, úlceras, herpes e furúnculos raízes de taiuiá (Santos Flora Com. Ervas Ltda. – São (VIEIRA, 1992; MORS; RIZZINI; PEREIRA, 2000; Paulo), na dosagem de 10 g/litro de água ad libitum, BALBACH, 1967; CRUZ, 1995; COIMBRA, 1994). durante 18 dias, após o que foram sacrificados pelo Nos Estados Unidos esta planta tem sido usada no éter e foram colhidos o sangue e o fígado. O fígado tratamento da dispepsia e digestão lenta, neuralgia, foi fixado em formol a 10%, durante 24 horas. Frag- ciática, gota, dor de cabeça, reumatismo e como regu- mentos do órgão foram incluídos em parafina, utili- lador metabólico geral (SCHWONTKOWSKI, 1993). zando-se um Autoinclusor (Tissue-Tek II, USA) e um Tendo em vista a eficiência da taiuiá como desintoxi- Processador de Tecidos Histotécnico OMA (Modelo cante e purificador do sangue, a planta tem sido usada CM-69, Brasil) e os cortes obtidos com o auxílio de no tratamento de eczemas, herpes, acnes e outros pro- um Micrótomo Leica (RM 2125 RT, Germany) foram blemas de pele (SCHWONTKOWSKI, 1993). corados com HE. Utilizando ratos, Ruppelt et al. (1991) confirma- Para obterem-se os diâmetros maior e menor dos ram as propriedades analgésicas e antiinflamatórias núcleos dos hepatócitos, os cortes foram focalizados da planta, após administração da infusão da planta ao microscópio de luz Nikon, com objetiva de imer- seca ou fresca, sendo que essas ações eram de intensi- são (100x), munido de uma câmera clara Nikon. Os dade significativa. núcleos foram projetados sobre papel, com aumento Investigação – Revista Científica da Universidade de Franca Franca (SP) v. 6 n. 1 p. 7–12 jan. / abr. 2006 final de 1000 ×. As imagens nucleares obtidas foram então contornadas com lápis, tomando-se o cuidado de considerar apenas as imagens elípticas. Para ob- tenção dos diâmetros, os eixos maior e menor dessas imagens foram medidos com uma escala milimetrada. Uma vez determinados os diâmetros maior (D) e menor (d), foram estimados os seguintes parâme- tros cariométricos (SALA et al., 1994): diâmetro mé- dio, relação D/d, perímetro, área, volume, relação V/A, excentricidade, coeficiente de forma e índice de contorno. Figura 2 - Aspecto histológico do fígado de camundongo tratado com taiuiá. Mediante métodos estereológicos foram deter- Notar foco de células inflamatórias crônicas. HE (900×). minados os volumes celular e citoplasmático dos hepatócitos, a relação N/C e a densidade numérica Cariometricamente, foi possível observar que os dos hepatócitos (SALA; LOPES; MATHEUS, 1992), núcleos dos hepatócitos dos camundongos tratados utilizando-se uma grade de 100 pontos. com taiuiá eram semelhantes aos dos animais con- O confronto estatístico foi realizado com o em- troles, muito embora tenham sido observados alguns prego do teste não-paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. núcleos muito volumosos. Esses valores semelhantes foram vistos nos diâmetros maior (7,55 e 7,94 µm para RESULTADOS E DIscussãO os camundongos controle e tratado, respectivamente), Em função dos controles, foi possível observar menor (6,25 e 6,64 µm) e médio (6,85 e 7,56 µm), no no fígado de camundongo sob ação da taiuiá, um perímetro (21,75 e 22,97µm), área (37,83 e 42,40 µm2) quadro de hepatócitos mais volumosos e em menor e volume (181,83 e 216,79 µm3). A forma do núcleo número, com citoplasma
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