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Gastrointestinal Helminths of the Crevice Spiny Lizard, Sceloporus Poinsettii (Phrynosomatidae)

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Gastrointestinal Helminths of the Crevice Spiny Lizard, Sceloporus Poinsettii (Phrynosomatidae) OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 60, NUMBER 2, JULY 1993 263 Chandler, A. C., and R. Rausch. 1947. A study of book of North American Birds. Vol. 4. Yale Uni- strigeids from owls in north central United States. versity Press, New Haven, Connecticut. Transactions of the American Microscopical So- Newsom, I. E., and E. N. Stout. 1933. Proventriculitis ciety 66:283-292. in chickens due to flukes. Veterinary Medicine 28: Dubois, G., and R. Rausch. 1948. Seconde contri- 462^63. bution a 1'etude des-strigeides—(Trematode) Nord- Pence, D. B., J. M. Aho, A. O. Bush, A. G. Canaris, Americains. Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences J. A. Conti, W. R. Davidson, T. A. Dick, G. W. Natureles 71:29-61. Esch, T. Goater, W. Fitzpatrick, D. J. Forrester, , and . 1950a. A contribution to the J. C. Holmes, W. M. Samuel, J. M. Kinsella, J. study of North American strigeoids (Trematoda). Moore, R. L. Rausch, W. Threfall, and T. A. American Midland Naturalist 43:1-31. Wheeler. 1988. In Letters to the editor. Journal , and . 1950b. Troisieme contribution of Parasitology 74:197-198. al'etude des strigeides. (Trematode) Nord-Amer- Ramalingam, S., and W. M. Samuel. 1978. Hel- icains. Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Natu- minths in the great horned owl. Bubo virginianus, reles 73:19-50. and snowy owl, Nyctea scandiaca, of Alberta. Ca- Morgan, B. B. 1943. The Physalopterinae (Nema- nadian Journal of Zoology 56:2454-2456. toda) of Aves. Transactions of the American Mi- Rausch, R. 1948. Observations on cestodes in North croscopical Society 62:72-80. American owls with the description of Choano- . 1946. Host-parasite relationships and geo- taenia specotytonis n. sp. (Cestoda: Dipylidiinae). graphical distribution of Physalopterinae (Nem- American Midland Naturalist 40:462-471. atoda). Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy Shoop, W. L., R. A. Cole, and K. C. Corkum. 1987. of Sciences 38:273-292. In Letters to the editor. Journal of Parasitology 1948. Physaloptera buteonis n. sp., a nema- 73:109. tode from the eastern red-tailed hawk. Transac- Sterner, M. C., and R. H. Espinosa. 1988. Serrato- tions of the American Microscopical Society 67: spiculoides amaculata in a Cooper's hawk (Accip- 183-186. itercooperii). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 24:378- Mosher, J. A., and R. S. Palmer. 1988. Broad-winged 379. hawk. Pages 3-33 in R. S. Palmer (ed.), Hand- J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 60(2), 1993, pp. 263-265 Research Note Gastrointestinal Helminths of the Crevice Spiny Lizard, Sceloporus poinsettii (Phrynosomatidae) STEPHEN R. GOLDBERG, ' CHARLES R. BuRSEY,2 AND RANA 1 Department of Biology, Whittier College, Whittier, California 90608 and 2 Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Shenango Valley Campus, 147 Shenango Avenue, Sharon, Pennsylvania 16146 ABSTRACT: Twenty-one Sceloporus poinsettii from The crevice spiny lizard, Sceloporus poinsettii Texas and New Mexico were examined for helminths. Baird and Girard, 1852, occurs from southern Helminth faunas of the 2 lizard populations differed. The Texas population contained Skrjabinoptera phry- New Mexico and Texas to Zacatecas, Mexico, at nosoma (80% prevalence, mean intensity 27), Thu- elevations of 300-2,560 m (Stebbins, 1985). bunaea iguanae (20% prevalence, mean intensity 1), Gambino (1958) and Gambino and Heyneman and Oochoristica scelopori (30% prevalence, mean in- (1960) previously reported the nematode Atrac- tensity 7). The New Mexico population contained tis penneri (Gambino, 1957) Baker, 1987, from Physaloptera retusa (55% prevalence, mean intensity 25) and Spauligodon giganticus (82% prevalence, mean Sceloporus poinsettii. The purpose of this note is intensity 30). All represent new host records. Xeric to report 5 new host records: Oochoristica sce- conditions of the Texas S. poinsettii habitat may partly lopori Voge and Fox, 1950, Skrjabinoptera phry- account for the absence of 5". giganticus. nosoma (Ortlepp, 1922) Schulz, 1927, Thubu- KEY WORDS: Sceloporus poinsettii, Phrynosomati- naea iguanae Telford, 1965, Physaloptera retusa dae, Cestoda, Oochoristica scelopori, Nematoda, Skrja- binoptera phrynosoma, Thubunaea iguanae, Physalop- Rudolphi, 1819, and Spauligodon giganticus tera retusa, Spauligodon giganticus, prevalence, (Read and Amrein, 1953) Skrjabin, Schikhoba- intensity. lova, and Lagodovskaja, 1960. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 264 JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY We examined 11 Sceloporus poinsettii (mean S. phrynosoma, and T. iguanae in the Texas pop- snout-vent length 87 ± 20 mm SD, range 38- ulation and P. retusa and S. giganticus in the 105 mm) from New Mexico. Seven were bor- New Mexico population. Neither population rowed from The Museum of Southwestern Bi- harbored the previously reported A. penneri. ology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, Oochoristica scelopori occurs in crotaphytid and New Mexico, MSB 13468, 17563-17565, and phrynosomatid lizards of the western United 40945-40947, and 4 were from the Herpetology States (Telford, 1970). Its occurrence in Texas is Collection, Natural History Museum of Los An- a new locality record. Skrjabinoptera phrynoso- geles County, LACM 139718-139721. The spec- ma has been reported from Cuba, northern Mex- imens were collected in 1958, 1965, or 1966 near ico and the western United States from phry- Silver City (32°26'N, 108°16'W; elevation 809 nosomatid, gekkonid, teiid, crotaphytid, m), Grant County, New Mexico. We also ex- polychrid, and tropidurid lizards (see Baker, amined 10 S. poinsettii (mean snout-vent length 1987). Lee (1957) showed experimentally that 94 ± 13 mm SD, range 73-108 mm) from the the ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus served as an Laboratory for Environmental Biology, The intermediate host for S. phrynosoma. Pearce and University of Texas at El Paso, UTEP 1648,2586, Tanner (1973) suggested that several species of 2587, 2590, 2621, 2622, 2650, 2796, 2854, and ants may serve as intermediate hosts for this par- 2855. Specimens were collected from Hueco asite. The degree of infection by S. phrynosoma Tanks, Hueco Mountains, El Paso County, Texas may well be determined by the dietary prefer- (31°55'N, 106°09'W; elevation 1,493 m) during ences of lizards. 1971-1975. Thubunaea iguanae has previously been re- The abdomen was opened and the esophagus, ported from gekkonid, xantusiid, crotaphytid, stomach, and small and large intestines were re- phrynosomatid, and teiid lizards from California moved, slit longitudinally, and examined indi- and Utah (Telford, 1970; Pearce and Tanner, vidually under a dissecting microscope. Nema- 1973). The life cycle of T. iguanae has not been todes were identified using a glycerol wet mount. determined, but Telford (1970) speculated that Selected cestodes were stained with Delafield's the infective period for adults is concentrated in hematoxylin and mounted in Canada balsam. 2 parts of the year: December-January and May- Eight of the 10 Texas S. poinsettii (80% prev- June. The occurrence of T. iguanae in Texas (a alence) were infected with helminths. Eight of new locality record) suggests that distribution of the 10 had stomach and/or esophageal infections this parasite may be more widespread than pre- with S. phrynosoma (80% prevalence, mean in- viously thought. tensity and range 27, 4-68); 2 of 10 (20% prev- Physaloptera retusa is widely distributed in the alence, mean intensity 1) contained T. iguanae Americas—Brazil, Venezuela, West Indies, and in the stomach; and 3 of 10 (30% prevalence, western North America (see Baker, 1987)—oc- mean intensity and range 7, 3-15) contained O. curring in phrynosomatid, teiid, scincid, and an- scelopori in the small intestine. Nine of the 11 guid lizards. Sceloporus poinsettii is the thirteenth New Mexico S. poinsettii (82% prevalence) were species of lizard in North America from which infected with helminths. Six of the 11 (55% prev- P. retusa has been reported (see Bursey and Gold- alence, mean intensity and range 25, 1-116) had berg, 1991). In Sceloporusgraciosus, this parasite stomach infections of P. retusa and 9 of 11 (82% causes inflammatory lesions in the gastric mu- prevalence, mean intensity and range 30, 4-79) cosa (Goldberg and Bursey, 1989). The life cycle had large intestine infections of S. giganticus. of P. retusa has not been determined, but the life These helminths represent new host records for cycles of several related species have been stud- S. poinsettii. Selected intact specimens were placed ied: Physaloptera hispida by Schell (1952), in vials of 70% ethanol and deposited in the Physaloptera rara and Physaloptera praeputialis USNM Helminthological Collection, USDA, by Petri and Ameel (1950) and Physaloptera Beltsville, Maryland 20705: Physaloptera retusa maxillaris by Hobmaier (1941) and Lincoln and (82480), Spauligodon giganticus (82481), Skrja- Anderson (1975). In each case, an insect inter- binoptera phrynosoma (82602), Thubunaea mediate host is required to complete develop- iguanae (82603), and Oochoristica scelopori ment. (82604). Spauligodon giganticus has been reported only It is noteworthy that these 2 populations of S. from the western United States (see Baker, 1987) poinsettii contain different parasites: O. scelopori, and is apparently a parasite of only phrynoso- Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 60, NUMBER 2, JULY 1993 265 matid lizards. Bursey and Goldberg (1992) listed ard Sceloporus jarrovii jarrovii (Iguanidae). Amer- 7 North American lizard hosts. Since then it has ican Midland Naturalist 127:204-207. been found in Sceloporus clarkii
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