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Chandler, A. C., and R. Rausch. 1947. A study of book of North American Birds. Vol. 4. Yale Uni- strigeids from owls in north central United States. versity Press, New Haven, Connecticut. Transactions of the American Microscopical So- Newsom, I. E., and E. N. Stout. 1933. Proventriculitis ciety 66:283-292. in chickens due to flukes. Veterinary Medicine 28: Dubois, G., and R. Rausch. 1948. Seconde contri- 462^63. bution a 1'etude des-strigeides—(Trematode) Nord- Pence, D. B., J. M. Aho, A. O. Bush, A. G. Canaris, Americains. Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences J. A. Conti, W. R. Davidson, T. A. Dick, G. W. Natureles 71:29-61. Esch, T. Goater, W. Fitzpatrick, D. J. Forrester, , and . 1950a. A contribution to the J. C. Holmes, W. M. Samuel, J. M. Kinsella, J. study of North American strigeoids (Trematoda). Moore, R. L. Rausch, W. Threfall, and T. A. American Midland Naturalist 43:1-31. Wheeler. 1988. In Letters to the editor. Journal , and . 1950b. Troisieme contribution of Parasitology 74:197-198. al'etude des strigeides. (Trematode) Nord-Amer- Ramalingam, S., and W. M. Samuel. 1978. Hel- icains. Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Natu- minths in the great horned owl. Bubo virginianus, reles 73:19-50. and snowy owl, Nyctea scandiaca, of Alberta. Ca- Morgan, B. B. 1943. The Physalopterinae (Nema- nadian Journal of Zoology 56:2454-2456. toda) of Aves. Transactions of the American Mi- Rausch, R. 1948. Observations on cestodes in North croscopical Society 62:72-80. American owls with the description of Choano- . 1946. Host-parasite relationships and geo- taenia specotytonis n. sp. (Cestoda: Dipylidiinae). graphical distribution of Physalopterinae (Nem- American Midland Naturalist 40:462-471. atoda). Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy Shoop, W. L., R. A. Cole, and K. C. Corkum. 1987. of Sciences 38:273-292. In Letters to the editor. Journal of Parasitology 1948. Physaloptera buteonis n. sp., a nema- 73:109. tode from the eastern red-tailed hawk. Transac- Sterner, M. C., and R. H. Espinosa. 1988. Serrato- tions of the American Microscopical Society 67: spiculoides amaculata in a Cooper's hawk (Accip- 183-186. itercooperii). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 24:378- Mosher, J. A., and R. S. Palmer. 1988. Broad-winged 379. hawk. Pages 3-33 in R. S. Palmer (ed.), Hand-

J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 60(2), 1993, pp. 263-265

Research Note Gastrointestinal Helminths of the Crevice Spiny Lizard, Sceloporus poinsettii (Phrynosomatidae)

STEPHEN R. GOLDBERG, ' CHARLES R. BuRSEY,2 AND RANA 1 Department of Biology, Whittier College, Whittier, California 90608 and 2 Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Shenango Valley Campus, 147 Shenango Avenue, Sharon, Pennsylvania 16146

ABSTRACT: Twenty-one Sceloporus poinsettii from The crevice spiny lizard, Sceloporus poinsettii Texas and New Mexico were examined for helminths. Baird and Girard, 1852, occurs from southern Helminth faunas of the 2 lizard populations differed. The Texas population contained Skrjabinoptera phry- New Mexico and Texas to Zacatecas, Mexico, at nosoma (80% prevalence, mean intensity 27), Thu- elevations of 300-2,560 m (Stebbins, 1985). bunaea iguanae (20% prevalence, mean intensity 1), Gambino (1958) and Gambino and Heyneman and Oochoristica scelopori (30% prevalence, mean in- (1960) previously reported the nematode Atrac- tensity 7). The New Mexico population contained tis penneri (Gambino, 1957) Baker, 1987, from Physaloptera retusa (55% prevalence, mean intensity 25) and Spauligodon giganticus (82% prevalence, mean Sceloporus poinsettii. The purpose of this note is intensity 30). All represent new host records. Xeric to report 5 new host records: Oochoristica sce- conditions of the Texas S. poinsettii habitat may partly lopori Voge and Fox, 1950, Skrjabinoptera phry- account for the absence of 5". giganticus. nosoma (Ortlepp, 1922) Schulz, 1927, Thubu- KEY WORDS: Sceloporus poinsettii, Phrynosomati- naea iguanae Telford, 1965, Physaloptera retusa dae, Cestoda, Oochoristica scelopori, Nematoda, Skrja- binoptera phrynosoma, Thubunaea iguanae, Physalop- Rudolphi, 1819, and Spauligodon giganticus tera retusa, Spauligodon giganticus, prevalence, (Read and Amrein, 1953) Skrjabin, Schikhoba- intensity. lova, and Lagodovskaja, 1960.

Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 264 JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

We examined 11 Sceloporus poinsettii (mean S. phrynosoma, and T. iguanae in the Texas pop- snout-vent length 87 ± 20 mm SD, range 38- ulation and P. retusa and S. giganticus in the 105 mm) from New Mexico. Seven were bor- New Mexico population. Neither population rowed from The Museum of Southwestern Bi- harbored the previously reported A. penneri. ology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, Oochoristica scelopori occurs in crotaphytid and New Mexico, MSB 13468, 17563-17565, and phrynosomatid lizards of the western United 40945-40947, and 4 were from the Herpetology States (Telford, 1970). Its occurrence in Texas is Collection, Natural History Museum of Los An- a new locality record. Skrjabinoptera phrynoso- geles County, LACM 139718-139721. The spec- ma has been reported from Cuba, northern Mex- imens were collected in 1958, 1965, or 1966 near ico and the western United States from phry- Silver City (32°26'N, 108°16'W; elevation 809 nosomatid, gekkonid, teiid, crotaphytid, m), Grant County, New Mexico. We also ex- polychrid, and tropidurid lizards (see Baker, amined 10 S. poinsettii (mean snout-vent length 1987). Lee (1957) showed experimentally that 94 ± 13 mm SD, range 73-108 mm) from the the ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus served as an Laboratory for Environmental Biology, The intermediate host for S. phrynosoma. Pearce and University of Texas at El Paso, UTEP 1648,2586, Tanner (1973) suggested that several species of 2587, 2590, 2621, 2622, 2650, 2796, 2854, and ants may serve as intermediate hosts for this par- 2855. Specimens were collected from Hueco asite. The degree of infection by S. phrynosoma Tanks, Hueco Mountains, El Paso County, Texas may well be determined by the dietary prefer- (31°55'N, 106°09'W; elevation 1,493 m) during ences of lizards. 1971-1975. Thubunaea iguanae has previously been re- The abdomen was opened and the esophagus, ported from gekkonid, xantusiid, crotaphytid, stomach, and small and large intestines were re- phrynosomatid, and teiid lizards from California moved, slit longitudinally, and examined indi- and Utah (Telford, 1970; Pearce and Tanner, vidually under a dissecting microscope. Nema- 1973). The life cycle of T. iguanae has not been todes were identified using a glycerol wet mount. determined, but Telford (1970) speculated that Selected cestodes were stained with Delafield's the infective period for adults is concentrated in hematoxylin and mounted in Canada balsam. 2 parts of the year: December-January and May- Eight of the 10 Texas S. poinsettii (80% prev- June. The occurrence of T. iguanae in Texas (a alence) were infected with helminths. Eight of new locality record) suggests that distribution of the 10 had stomach and/or esophageal infections this parasite may be more widespread than pre- with S. phrynosoma (80% prevalence, mean in- viously thought. tensity and range 27, 4-68); 2 of 10 (20% prev- Physaloptera retusa is widely distributed in the alence, mean intensity 1) contained T. iguanae Americas—Brazil, Venezuela, West Indies, and in the stomach; and 3 of 10 (30% prevalence, western North America (see Baker, 1987)—oc- mean intensity and range 7, 3-15) contained O. curring in phrynosomatid, teiid, scincid, and an- scelopori in the small intestine. Nine of the 11 guid lizards. Sceloporus poinsettii is the thirteenth New Mexico S. poinsettii (82% prevalence) were species of lizard in North America from which infected with helminths. Six of the 11 (55% prev- P. retusa has been reported (see Bursey and Gold- alence, mean intensity and range 25, 1-116) had berg, 1991). In Sceloporusgraciosus, this parasite stomach infections of P. retusa and 9 of 11 (82% causes inflammatory lesions in the gastric mu- prevalence, mean intensity and range 30, 4-79) cosa (Goldberg and Bursey, 1989). The life cycle had large intestine infections of S. giganticus. of P. retusa has not been determined, but the life These helminths represent new host records for cycles of several related species have been stud- S. poinsettii. Selected intact specimens were placed ied: Physaloptera hispida by Schell (1952), in vials of 70% ethanol and deposited in the Physaloptera rara and Physaloptera praeputialis USNM Helminthological Collection, USDA, by Petri and Ameel (1950) and Physaloptera Beltsville, Maryland 20705: Physaloptera retusa maxillaris by Hobmaier (1941) and Lincoln and (82480), Spauligodon giganticus (82481), Skrja- Anderson (1975). In each case, an insect inter- binoptera phrynosoma (82602), Thubunaea mediate host is required to complete develop- iguanae (82603), and Oochoristica scelopori ment. (82604). Spauligodon giganticus has been reported only It is noteworthy that these 2 populations of S. from the western United States (see Baker, 1987) poinsettii contain different parasites: O. scelopori, and is apparently a parasite of only phrynoso-

Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 60, NUMBER 2, JULY 1993 265 matid lizards. Bursey and Goldberg (1992) listed ard Sceloporus jarrovii jarrovii (Iguanidae). Amer- 7 North American lizard hosts. Since then it has ican Midland Naturalist 127:204-207. been found in Sceloporus clarkii by Goldberg and DeFazio, A., C. A. Simon, G. A. Middendorf, and D. Romano. 1977. Iguanid substrate licking: a re- Bursey (1992) and in Urosaurus ornatus by Gold- sponse to novel situations in Sceloporus jarrovi. berg et al. (1993). Of the 10 known lizard hosts Copeia 1977:706-709. (including S. poinsettii), 8 are sceloporines, sug- Gambino, J. J. 1958. Crytosomum readi n. sp. and gesting that lizards of the genus Sceloporus are Cyrtosomum heynemani n. sp. (Oxyuroidea: Atractidae) two new pinworms of iguanids. Jour- prone to infection by this parasite. Spauligodon nal of Parasitology 44:439-445. giganticus has a direct life cycle and infection , and D. Heyneman. 1960. Specificity and spe- may occur from fecal contamination of the sub- ciation in the genus Cyrtosomum (Nematoda: strate (Telford, 1971). A substrate licking be- Atractidae). American Midland Naturalist 63: havior has been reported for many lizard species 365-382. Goldberg, S. R., and C. R. Bursey. 1989. Physaloptera (DeFazio et al., 1977). In neonates of S. jarrovii, retusa (Nematoda, Physalopteridae) in naturally substrate licking behavior begins shortly after infected sagebrush lizards, Sceloporus graciosus birth. It may be responsible for the almost im- (Iguanidae). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 25:425- mediate S. giganticus infection (Goldberg and 429. , and . 1992. Prevalence of the nema- Bursey, 1992) as well as for the maintenance of tode Spauligodon giganticus (Oxyurida: Pharyn- high monthly prevalences in adult S. jarrovii godonidae) in neonatal Yarrow's spiny lizards, populations (Bursey and Goldberg, 1992). Sceloporus jarrovii (Sauria: Iguanidae). Journal of The distribution of S. giganticus may be re- Parasitology 78:539-541. lated to climatic conditions, especially soil mois- -, and N. Zucker. 1993. Gastrointes- tinal helminths of the tree lizard, Urosaurus or- ture. The Hueco Mountains of Texas are much natus (Phrynosomatidae). Journal of the Helmin- drier than the collection sites of the New Mexico thological Society of Washington 60:118-121. population. We previously reported significantly Hobmaier, M. 1941. Extramammalian phase of lower prevalences of S. giganticus in New Mex- Physaloptera maxillaris Molin, 1860 (Nematoda). Journal of Parasitology 27:233-235. ico Urosaurus ornatus from the xeric Dona Ana Lee, S. H. 1957. The life cycle of Skrjabinoptera Mountains as compared to a population from phrynosoma (Ortlepp) Schulz, 1927 (Nematoda: the more mesic Aguirre Spring area (Goldberg et Spiruroidea), a gastric nematode of Texas horned al., 1993). These findings suggest that lack of soil toads, Phrynosoma cornutum. Journal of Parasi- tology 43:66-75. moisture may conceivably be a limiting factor Lincoln, R. C., and R. C. Anderson. 1975. Devel- in the distribution of S. giganticus. Additional opment of Physaloptera maxillaris (Nematoda) in data on the geographic distribution of S. gigan- the common field cricket (Grylluspennsylvanicus}. ticus will be needed to answer this question. Canadian Journal of Zoology 53:385-390. We thank Howard L. Snell (Museum of South- Pearce, R. C., and W. W. Tanner. 1973. Helminths of Sceloporus lizards in the Great Basin and upper western Biology, Division of Herpetology, Uni- Colorado Plateau of Utah. Great Basin Naturalist versity of New Mexico), John W. Wright (Her- 33:1-18. petology Section, Natural History Museum of Petri, L. H., and D. J. Ameel. 1950. Studies on the Los Angeles County), and Robert G. Webb (Lab- life cycle of Physaloptera rara Hall and Wigdor, oratory for Environmental Biology, The Uni- 1918, and Physalopterapraeputialis Linstow, 1889. Journal of Parasitology 36(supplement):40. versity of Texas at El Paso) for permission to Schell, S. C. 1952. Studies on the life cycle of Physa- examine specimens from their institutions. loptera hispida Schell (Nematoda: Spiruroidea) a parasite of the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus lit- Literature Cited toralis Chapman). Journal of Parasitology 38:462- 472. Baker, M. R. 1987. Synopsis of the Nematoda par- Stebbins, R. C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Rep- asitic in amphibians and reptiles. Memorial Uni- tiles and Amphibians. Houghton Mifflin Com- versity of Newfoundland, Occasional Papers in pany, Boston, Massachusetts. 336 pp. Biology 11:1-325. Telford, S. R., Jr. 1970. A comparative study of en- Bursey, C. R., and S. R. Goldberg. 1991. Monthly doparasitism among some southern California liz- prevalences of Physaloptera retusa in naturally in- ard populations. American Midland Naturalist 83: fected Yarrow's spiny lizard. Journal of Wildlife 516-554. Diseases 27:710-715. . 1971. Parasitic diseases of reptiles. Journal , and . 1992. Monthly prevalences of of the American Veterinary Medical Association Spauligodon giganticus (Nematoda, Pharyngo- 159:1644-1652. donidae) in naturally infected Yarrow's spiny liz-

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