Serosorting Among Men at Risk for HIV

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

RESEARCH: Gay Men & Men Who Have Sex with Men & Women Serosorting among Men at Risk for HIV PIs: Willi McFarland PhD, Hong-Ha Truong PhD Project Description This study will obtain cross-sectional and longitudinal data on “HIV serosorting” among MSM in San Francisco. We broadly define HIV serosorting as diverse strategies to reduce HIV acquisition or transmission by intentionally selecting sexual partners of the same serostatus or by modifying sexual practices depending on the partner’s serostatus. We will recruit a community-based cohort of HIV- and HIV+ MSM using a probability- based time-location sampling method with longitudinal follow-up over the Internet. Significance The current phase of the HIV epidemic in San Francisco is complex with rising levels of overall unprotected anal sex (UAS) and STDs, yet stable HIV incidence. We hypothesize that HIV serosorting may explain these apparently contradictory findings; that is, increasing UAS with partners of the same HIV serostatus is leading to increases in STD incidence but not HIV incidence. While some evidence suggests serosorting may be increasing among MSM in San Francisco, many questions remain: How prevalent is serosorting as a deliberately adopted HIV prevention strategy in the MSM community? How do MSM identify partners of the same serostatus? What factors contribute to the success or failure of adhering to serosorting strategies? We need detailed and prospectively collected data in order to answer these questions and to assess the causal relationship between reported serosorting and actual risk for HIV. Accurate information is essential for 1) dispelling misperceptions of serosorting if it is not causally associated with reducing serodiscordant UAS, 2) increasing serosorting success if it is, or 3) framing serosorting in the context of risk reduction (but not elimination) if its role in reducing risk is mixed. Center for AIDS Prevention Studies • 2010 Research Portfolio 3.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

What You Should Know About HIV and AIDS
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT HIV & AIDS WHAT IS AIDS? AIDS is the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome – a serious illness that makes the body unable to fight infection. A person with AIDS is susceptible to certain infections and cancers. When a person with AIDS cannot fight off infections, this person becomes ill. These infections can eventually kill a person with AIDS. WHAT CAUSES AIDS? The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. Early diagnosis of HIV infection is important! If you have been told that you have HIV, you should get prompt medical treatment. In many cases, early treatment can enhance a person’s ability to remain healthy as long as possible. Free or reduced cost anonymous and confidential testing with counseling is available at every local health department in Kentucky. After being infected with HIV, it takes between two weeks to three months before the test can detect antibodies to the virus. HOW IS THE HIV VIRUS SPREAD? Sexual contact (oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse) with an infected person when blood, pre-ejaculation fluid, semen, rectal fluids or cervical/vaginal secretions are exchanged. Sharing syringes, needles, cotton, cookers and other drug injecting equipment with someone who is infected. Receiving contaminated blood or blood products (very unlikely now because blood used in transfusions has been tested for HIV antibodies since March 1985). An infected mother passing HIV to her unborn child before or during childbirth, and through breast feeding. Receipt of transplant, tissue/organs, or artificial insemination from an infected donor. Needle stick or other sharps injury in a health care setting involving an infected person.
[Show full text]
International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights 2006 Consolidated Version
International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights 2006 Consolidated Version Second International Consultation on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights Geneva, 23-25 September 1996 Third International Consultation on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights Geneva, 25-26 July 2002 Organized jointly by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Material contained in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided credit is given and a copy containing the reprinted material is sent to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, CH-1211 Geneva 10, and to UNAIDS, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations or UNAIDS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published jointly by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. HR/PUB/06/9 UN PUBLICATION Sales No. E.06.XIV.4 ISBN 92-1-154168-9 © Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2006. All rights reserved. Publications produced by UNAIDS can be obtained from the UNAIDS Information Centre. Requests for permission to translate UNAIDS publications—whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution—should also be addressed to the Information Centre at the address below, or by fax, at +41 22 791 4187, or e-mail: [email protected].
[Show full text]
CURRICULUM VITAE Updated on Jan 24, 2020
T. Davtyan, Armenia CURRICULUM VITAE Updated on Jan 24, 2020 Surname Davtyan First name(s) Tigran Affiliation and official address Rhea Pharmaceutical Armenia LLC Armenia, 0084, Yerevan Gusan Sherami St., 2 Building (Malatia-Sebastia adm. district) Republic of Armenia Tel.: (+374-) 91 400994, 98-55-96-29 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Present Positions: Professor, Chief Scientist Rhea Pharmaceutical Armenia LLC Home address: Michurin str. 5, 23, 375041, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia. Tel: +374 10 55-96-29 Date and Place of birth: 1 December, 1966, Yerevan, Armenia Nationality: Armenian Citizenship: Republic of Armenia Passport ARM, AH0248176, 24 OCT 2006, 009 ID № 1112660259 Marital status: Married, has 2 children, 3 grandchild Education (degrees, dates, universities) 2016 Professor. Field: Biology 2003 Doctor of Biological Sciences (ScD). Field: Molecular Biology 1993 Candidate of Biological Sciences (Ph.D); Field :Genetics and Immunology 1989-1992 Ph.D. student, Laboratory of Genetic Mechanisms of Cell Malignization And Differentiation, Institute of Cytology, St. Petersburg, Russia. 1983-1988 Yerevan State Medical University, Faculty of Pharmacy Specialization (specify) Drug Design and quality control, HIV/AIDS and clinical immunology; Viral infections; immunity and stress resistance; Molecular mechanisms and Genetic regulation of innate immune response; Autoinflammation; 1 T. Davtyan, Armenia Career/Employment (employers, positions and dates) 2011- 2019 Director of Analytical Laboratory of Scientific Centre of Drug and Medical Thechnology Experttise JSC 1999 - 2011 Head of HIV-Clinical Trail Laboratory of the ARMENICUM Research Center, Yerevan, Rep. of Armenia. 1998 - 2006 Consultant on Science, Laboratory of Immunology, The Second Clinical Hospital of the Yerevan State Medical University, Rep.
[Show full text]
HIV an Illusion Toxic Shock
SCIENTIFIC CORRESPONDENCE generated from a linear model could be a and Ho's] data is remarkable", note that vmons per day is not defined or function of both the baseline CD4 level Loveday et al. 8 report the use of a PCR addressed, nor can it be! No one else has and viral loads. Further studies with larg based assay and find only 200 HIV "virion access to either the unapproved drugs or er sample sizes are needed to resolve RNAs" per ml of serum of AIDS patients the branch PCR technology! What is the these discrepancies. - 1,000 times less than Ho and Wei. So benchmark rate for the turnover of CD4 Shenghan Lai, J. Bryan Page, Hong Lai much for the "remarkable concordance". cells in the general population? Departments of Medicine, Peter Duesberg To counter the 42 case studies of Wei et Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular al. 1 and Ho et al.2, we at HEAL (Health University of Miami School of Medicine, Biology, University of California, Education AIDS Liason) can provide at Miami, Florida 33136, USA Berkeley, California 94720, USA least 42 people who are western-blot-posi Harvey Bialy tive for 'HIV', have low T4 cells, who are Bio/Technology, New York, not using orthodox procedures, and have HIV an illusion New York 10010, USA been healthy for years! On the other 1. Maddox, J. Nature 373, 189 (1995). hand, we can also provide you with hun SIR - In an editorial' in the 19 January 2. Ho, D.D. et al. Nature 373, 123-126 (1995).
[Show full text]
RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES AMONG URBAN AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE MEN WHO HAVE SEX with MEN Cynthia R
AIDS Education and Prevention, 25(1), 25–37, 2013 © 2013 The Guilford Press PEARSON ET AL. RISK REDUCTION AMONG AIAN MSM A CAUTIONARY TALE: RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES AMONG URBAN AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN Cynthia R. Pearson, Karina L. Walters, Jane M. Simoni, Ramona Beltran, and Kimberly M. Nelson American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) men who have sex with men (MSM) are considered particularly high risk for HIV transmission and acquisition. In a multi-site cross-sectional survey, 174 AIAN men reported having sex with a man in the past 12 months. We describe harm reduc- tion strategies and sexual behavior by HIV serostatus and seroconcordant partnerships. About half (51.3%) of the respondents reported no anal sex or 100% condom use and 8% were in seroconcordant monogamous partnership. Of the 65 men who reported any sero-adaptive strategy (e.g., 100% seroconcordant partnership, strategic positioning or engaging in any strategy half or most of the time), only 35 (54.7%) disclosed their serosta- tus to their partners and 27 (41.5%) tested for HIV in the past 3 months. Public health messages directed towards AIAN MSM should continue to encourage risk reduction practices, including condom use and sero-adaptive behaviors. However, messages should emphasize the importance of HIV testing and HIV serostatus disclosure when relying solely on sero-adaptive practices. HIV/AIDS is an increasing threat to the health and well-being of American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIAN) across the United States (U.S.). According to the Na- tional HIV/AIDS Surveillance System, through 2009 an estimated cumulative total of 3,700 AIDS cases among AIAN were reported to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011a), with a 2009 estimated AIDS case rate of 6.6 per Cynthia R.
[Show full text]
A History of the Hiv/Aids Epidemic with Emphasis on Africa *
UN/POP/MORT/2003/2 5 September 2003 ENGLISH ONLY WORKSHOP ON HIV/AIDS AND ADULT MORTALITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Secretariat New York, 8-13 September 2003 A HISTORY OF THE HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC WITH EMPHASIS ON AFRICA * UNAIDS and WHO ** * This document was reproduced without formal editing. ** UNAIDS, Geneva and WHO, Geneva. The views expressed in the paper do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the United Nations Secretariat. Quality and Coverage of HIV Sentinel Surveillance With a brief History of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic Workshop on HIV/AIDS and Adult Mortality in Developing Countries New York, 8-13 September 2003 2 1 History of the HIV/AIDS epidemic with emphasis on Africa In 1981, a new syndrome, the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), was first recognized among homosexual men in the United States. By 1983, the etiological agent, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), had been identified. By the mid-1980’s, it became clear that the virus had spread, largely unnoticed, throughout most of the world. The HIV/AIDS pandemic consists of many separate epidemics. Each epidemic has its own distinct origin, in terms of geography and specific populations affected, and involve different types and frequencies of risk behaviors and practices, for example, unprotected sex with multiple partners or sharing drug injection equipment. Countries can be divided into three states: generalized, concentrated and low. Low Principle: Although HIV infection may have existed for many years, it has never spread to significant levels in any sub-population.
[Show full text]
Duesberg and Critics Agree: Hemophilia Is the Best Test
SPECIAL NEWS REPORT 1 REVIEWING THE DATA–I the Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study 66 2 (MHCS) sponsored by the National Cancer 65 3 Institute (NCI), follows 2000 hemophiliacs 64 4 Duesberg and Critics Agree: at 16 centers in the United States and West- 63 5 ern Europe. In 1989, the New England Journal 62 6 Hemophilia Is the Best Test of Medicine published a study from the 61 7 MHCS comparing 242 HIV-infected hemo- 60 8 philiacs who received high, medium, or low 59 9 Peter Duesberg and his critics in the com- addition, some researchers contacted by Sci- doses of factor VIII. If exposure to contami- 58 10 munity of AIDS researchers disagree vio- ence say Duesberg has drawn incorrect con- nants in factor VIII were the cause of the 57 11 lently about the cause of AIDS. But they clusions from their work. immune suppression seen in AIDS, it would 56 12 agree on one thing: Hemophiliacs provide a In making his argument that hemophili- be expected that those who received higher 55 13 good test of the hypothesis that HIV causes acs suffer from AIDS independent of HIV, doses of the factor would be more likely to 54 14 AIDS. Hemophiliacs offer a unique window Duesberg cites 16 studies showing that HIV- develop AIDS, says NCI’s James Goedert, 53 15 on the effects of HIV infection because there negative hemophiliacs have abnormal ratios the principal investigator of MHCS. But the 52 16 are solid data comparing those who have of two types of critical immune-system cells: study, says Goedert, found no association 51 17 tested positive for antibodies to HIV—and CD4 and CD8.
[Show full text]
AIDS Denialism Beliefs Among People Living with HIV/AIDS
J Behav Med (2010) 33:432–440 DOI 10.1007/s10865-010-9275-7 ‘‘There is no proof that HIV causes AIDS’’: AIDS denialism beliefs among people living with HIV/AIDS Seth C. Kalichman • Lisa Eaton • Chauncey Cherry Received: February 1, 2010 / Accepted: June 11, 2010 / Published online: June 23, 2010 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 Abstract AIDS denialists offer false hope to people liv- example, claim that Nazi Germany did not systematically ing with HIV/AIDS by claiming that HIV is harmless and kill 6 million Jews (Shermer and Grobman 2000) and that AIDS can be cured with natural remedies. The current Global Warming Deniers believe that climatology is a study examined the prevalence of AIDS denialism beliefs flawed science with no proof of greenhouse gases changing and their association to health-related outcomes among the atmosphere (Lawler 2002). Among the most vocal people living with HIV/AIDS. Confidential surveys and anti-science denial movements is AIDS Denialism, an out- unannounced pill counts were collected from a conve- growth of the radical views of University of California nience sample of 266 men and 77 women living with HIV/ biologist Duesberg and his associates (1992, 1994; Duesberg AIDS that was predominantly middle-aged and African and Bialy 1995; Duesberg and Rasnick 1998). Duesberg American. One in five participants stated that there is no claims that HIV and all other retroviruses are harmless and proof that HIV causes AIDS and that HIV treatments do that AIDS is actually caused by illicit drug abuse, poverty, more harm than good. AIDS denialism beliefs were more and antiretroviral medications (Duesberg et al.
[Show full text]
The Natural History of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infections in Adults in Africa: a Literature Review Shabbar Jaffar,1, 2 Alison D
The natural history of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in adults in Africa: a literature review Shabbar Jaffar,1, 2 Alison D. Grant,2 Jimmy Whitworth,2, 3 Peter G. Smith,1, 2 & Hilton Whittle4 Abstract About 30 million people in Africa are estimated to be living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), yet data about the natural history of infection on the continent are sparse. We reviewed the literature on the natural history of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections among African adults. Only one study, conducted in rural Uganda, has reported on survival from the time of HIV-1 seroconversion: the median was 9.8 years, which is similar to that reported in developed countries in the early stages of the epidemic and consistent with the findings from the follow-up of individuals identified by serological testing during community-based prevalence studies from Africa. Progression to symptomatic disease was faster in Uganda than in developed countries, due largely to the high background level of morbidity. Various studies suggest that people infected with HIV-2 survive longer and the course of the disease is possibly more variable than in people infected with HIV-1. However no studies have investigated survival from time of seroconversion among people infected with HIV-2. The majority of patients in hospital in Africa with either HIV-1 or HIV-2 have the clinical features of AIDS just before they die, and many are severely immunosuppressed. This is similar to the situation in developed countries before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
[Show full text]
Overview of HIV/AIDS Globally
Natalia A. Feduschak, a Kaiser International Fellow and a freelance journalist, wrote and delivered the following lectures about HIV/AIDS to journalism students at the Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University and Kyiv International University between April 2005 and November 2006. The lectures are based on her own research and interviews conducted in Ukraine and Europe, through resources provided by the Kaiser Family Foundation, Transatlantic Partners Against AIDS, numerous Ukrainian non-profit groups and the experiences of people living with HIV/AIDS. Lecture 1: Overview of HIV/AIDS Globally HIV/AIDS is one of the most important social, political and health issues affecting Ukraine today. Despite its importance, however, the subject remains far from society’s consciousness and is still not adequately covered in the Ukrainian media. The stories that do appear are often dry, consisting of statistics that mean little to the reader, or do not approach HIV/AIDS in a way that makes the issue pertinent to people’s lives. The purpose of this course is two-fold: to convince young journalists that HIV/AIDS merits consistent and in-depth reporting, and to give them the tools to do so. Over the next five weeks, we will look at the HIV/AIDS situation globally, regionally, and in Ukraine. In addition, we will discuss important related issues, such as HIV/AIDS as a national security issue, access to medication and the link between TB, alcoholism and HIV/AIDS. Finally, we will discuss source development and the ethics and professionalism of reporting on HIV/AIDS. Our reading materials will be varied, consisting of a handbook on reporting about HIV/AIDS, which was written by the Kaiser Family Foundation, a private U.S.
[Show full text]
Using Knowledge of HIV Status As an HIV Prevention Strategy
From Prevention in Focus, Spring 2014 Unknown, negative or positive? Using knowledge of HIV status as an HIV prevention strategy By James Wilton and Tim Rogers As front-line workers in HIV prevention, it is important to understand what prevention strategies clients are using and how they understand the risks associated with them. A common HIV prevention strategy used by gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM) is known as “serosorting” and involves limiting all – or just “high-risk” – sexual activities to partners who have the same HIV status. For example, an HIV-negative person may choose to only have condomless sex with other people who are HIV negative or an HIV-positive person may choose to only have condomless sex with other people who are HIV positive. This strategy is used in the context of diﬀerent types of relationships, such as stable, casual, monogamous and non-monogamous relationships. This article focuses on how often serosorting is used, how well it works, and how knowledge of HIV status can be eﬀectively used as a prevention strategy. The article only covers serosorting strategies that are based on individuals identifying themselves or others as HIV-positive or HIV-negative. It does not address other factors, such as viral load or use of other HIV prevention strategies, which play a very important role in assessing HIV risk. For information on these other strategies, please see the resource list at the end of the article. How common is serosorting? Serosorting is quite common among MSM in Canada and other parts of the world.
[Show full text]
Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescent Living With
Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents with HIV Developed by the DHHS Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents – A Working Group of the Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council (OARAC) How to Cite the Adult and Adolescent Guidelines: Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/sites/default/files/guidelines/documents/ AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf. Accessed [insert date] [insert page number, table number, etc. if applicable] It is emphasized that concepts relevant to HIV management evolve rapidly. The Panel has a mechanism to update recommendations on a regular basis, and the most recent information is available on the HIVinfo Web site (http://hivinfo.nih.gov). What’s New in the Guidelines? August 16, 2021 Hepatitis C Virus/HIV Coinfection • Table 18 of this section has been updated to include recommendations regarding concomitant use of fostemsavir or long acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine with different hepatitis C treatment regimens. June 3, 2021 What to Start • Since the release of the last guidelines, updated data from the Botswana Tsepamo study have shown that the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTD) associated with dolutegravir (DTG) use during conception is much lower than previously reported. Based on these new data, the Panel now recommends that a DTG-based regimen can be prescribed for most people with HIV who are of childbearing potential. Before initiating a DTG-based regimen, clinicians should discuss the risks and benefits of using DTG with persons of childbearing potential, to allow them to make an informed decision.
[Show full text]