National Drug List

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

National Drug List National Drug List Drug list — Five Tier Drug Plan Your prescription benefit comes with a drug list, which is also called a formulary. This list is made up of brand-name and generic prescription drugs approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA). The following is a list of plan names to which this formulary may apply. Additional plans may be applicable. If you are a current Anthem member with questions about your pharmacy benefits, we're here to help. Just call us at the Pharmacy Member Services number on your ID card. Solution PPO 1500/15/20 $5/$15/$50/$65/30% to $250 after deductible Solution PPO 2000/20/20 $5/$20/$30/$50/30% to $250 Solution PPO 2500/25/20 $5/$20/$40/$60/30% to $250 Solution PPO 3500/30/30 $5/$20/$40/$60/30% to $250 Rx ded $150 Solution PPO 4500/30/30 $5/$20/$40/$75/30% to $250 Solution PPO 5500/30/30 $5/$20/$40/$75/30% to $250 Rx ded $250 $5/$15/$25/$45/30% to $250 $5/$20/$50/$65/30% to $250 Rx ded $500 $5/$15/$30/$50/30% to $250 $5/$20/$50/$70/30% to $250 $5/$15/$40/$60/30% to $250 $5/$20/$50/$70/30% to $250 after deductible Here are a few things to remember: o You can view and search our current drug lists when you visit anthem.com/ca and choose Prescription Benefits. Please note: The formulary is subject to change and all previous versions of the formulary are no longer in effect. o Additional tools and resources are available for current Anthem members to view the most up-to-date list of drugs for your plan - including drugs that have been added, generic drugs and more – by logging in at anthem.com/ca. o Your coverage has limitations and exclusions, which means there are certain rules about what's covered by your plan and what isn't. Already a member? You can view your Certificate/Evidence of Coverage or your Summary Plan Description by logging in at anthem.com/ca and go to My Plan ->Benefits-> Plan Documents. o You and your doctor can use this list as a guide to choose drugs that are best for you. Drugs that aren’t on this list may not be covered by your plan and may cost you more out of pocket. To help you see how the drug list works with your drug benefit, we've included some frequently asked questions (FAQ) in this document about how the list is set up and what to do if a drug you take isn't on it. Last Updated: September 1, 2021 DMHC National Drug List Five Tier Table of Contents INFORMATIONAL SECTION..................................................................................................................................................................4 *ADHD/ANTI-NARCOLEPSY/ANTI-OBESITY/ANOREXIANTS* - DRUGS FOR THE NERVOUS SYSTEM....................... 11 *ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS/BIOLOGICALS MISC* - BIOLOGICAL AGENTS.........................................................................15 *AMEBICIDES* - DRUGS FOR INFECTIONS....................................................................................................................................19 *AMINOGLYCOSIDES* - DRUGS FOR INFECTIONS..................................................................................................................... 19 *ANALGESICS - ANTI-INFLAMMATORY* - DRUGS FOR PAIN AND FEVER......................................................................... 19 *ANALGESICS - NONNARCOTIC* - DRUGS FOR PAIN AND FEVER.........................................................................................22 *ANALGESICS - OPIOID* - DRUGS FOR PAIN AND FEVER.........................................................................................................25 *ANDROGENS-ANABOLIC* - HORMONES.......................................................................................................................................30 *ANORECTAL AND RELATED PRODUCTS* - RECTAL PREPARATIONS............................................................................... 30 *ANTACIDS* - DRUGS FOR THE STOMACH....................................................................................................................................31 *ANTHELMINTICS* - DRUGS FOR INFECTIONS........................................................................................................................... 31 *ANTIANGINAL AGENTS* - DRUGS FOR THE HEART.................................................................................................................31 *ANTIANXIETY AGENTS* - DRUGS FOR THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.......................................................................................... 32 *ANTIARRHYTHMICS* - DRUGS FOR THE HEART......................................................................................................................33 *ANTIASTHMATIC AND BRONCHODILATOR AGENTS* - DRUGS FOR THE LUNGS......................................................... 34 *ANTICOAGULANTS* - DRUGS FOR THE BLOOD........................................................................................................................ 37 *ANTICONVULSANTS* - DRUGS FOR THE NERVOUS SYSTEM................................................................................................38 *ANTIDEPRESSANTS* - DRUGS FOR THE NERVOUS SYSTEM................................................................................................. 42 *ANTIDIABETICS* - HORMONES....................................................................................................................................................... 45 *ANTIDIARRHEAL/PROBIOTIC AGENTS* - DRUGS FOR THE STOMACH.............................................................................49 *ANTIDOTES AND SPECIFIC ANTAGONISTS* - DRUGS FOR OVERDOSE OR POISONING.............................................. 50 *ANTIEMETICS* - DRUGS FOR THE STOMACH............................................................................................................................51 *ANTIFUNGALS* - DRUGS FOR INFECTIONS.................................................................................................................................52 *ANTIHISTAMINES* - DRUGS FOR THE LUNGS............................................................................................................................54 *ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMICS* - DRUGS FOR THE HEART...............................................................................................................55 *ANTIHYPERTENSIVES* - DRUGS FOR THE HEART................................................................................................................... 57 *ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS - MISC.* - DRUGS FOR INFECTIONS............................................................................................61 *ANTIMALARIALS* - DRUGS FOR INFECTIONS........................................................................................................................... 65 *ANTIMYASTHENIC/CHOLINERGIC AGENTS* - DRUGS FOR NERVES AND MUSCLES...................................................65 *ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL AGENTS* - DRUGS FOR INFECTIONS..............................................................................................66 *ANTINEOPLASTICS AND ADJUNCTIVE THERAPIES* - DRUGS FOR CANCER.................................................................. 66 *ANTIPARKINSON AND RELATED THERAPY AGENTS* - DRUGS FOR THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.................................. 84 *ANTIPSYCHOTICS/ANTIMANIC AGENTS* - DRUGS FOR THE NERVOUS SYSTEM..........................................................85 *ANTISEPTICS & DISINFECTANTS* - ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS.........................................................................89 *ANTIVIRALS* - DRUGS FOR INFECTIONS.....................................................................................................................................89 *BETA BLOCKERS* - DRUGS FOR THE HEART.............................................................................................................................95 *CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS* - DRUGS FOR THE HEART............................................................................................... 97 *CARDIOTONICS* - DRUGS FOR THE HEART............................................................................................................................... 99 *CARDIOVASCULAR AGENTS - MISC.* - DRUGS FOR THE HEART...................................................................................... 100 *CEPHALOSPORINS* - DRUGS FOR INFECTIONS.......................................................................................................................101 *CONTRACEPTIVES* - DRUGS FOR WOMEN...............................................................................................................................104 *CORTICOSTEROIDS* - HORMONES..............................................................................................................................................111 *COUGH/COLD/ALLERGY* - DRUGS FOR THE LUNGS.............................................................................................................112 *DERMATOLOGICALS* - DRUGS FOR THE SKIN....................................................................................................................... 114 *DIAGNOSTIC PRODUCTS*................................................................................................................................................................126 *DIGESTIVE AIDS* - DRUGS FOR THE STOMACH......................................................................................................................126 *DIURETICS* - DRUGS FOR THE HEART.......................................................................................................................................127
Recommended publications
  • Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
    TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS DIABETES is a condition that affects how the body makes energy from food. Food is broken down into sugar (glucose) in the body and released into the blood. When the blood sugar level rises after a meal, insulin responds to let the sugar into the cells to be used as energy. In diabetes, the body either does not make enough insulin or it stops responding to insulin as well as it should. This results in sugar staying in the blood and leads to serious health problems over time. DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES1 • A1C Test: Lab test measuring average blood sugar over past two to three months • Fasting Blood Sugar Test: Lab test measuring blood sugar after eight hours of no food or drink • Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Measures blood sugar before and two hours after drinking a specific sugary liquid • Random Blood Sugar Test: Measures blood sugar at a moment in time, without any kind of preparation (like fasting) FASTING BLOOD ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE RANDOM BLOOD RESULT A1C TEST SUGAR TEST TEST SUGAR TEST Diabetes ≥ 6.5% ≥126 mg/dL ≥ 200 mg/dL ≥ 200 mg/dL Prediabetes 5.7 – 6.4% 100 – 125 mg/dL 140 – 199 mg/dL N/A Normal < 5.7% ≤99 mg/dL < 140 mg/dL N/A NON-DRUG TREATMENTS2 THERAPY COST WHAT TO EXPECT Diet (Mediterranean diet) and exercise (30 minutes a day, five days a week of moderate- Weight loss $-$$ intensity exercise); 7% weight loss decreases risk of diabetes3 Psychological intervention $$-$$$ Psychotherapy may reduce diabetic distress and improve glycemic control4,5 nationalcooperativerx.com PRESCRIPTION TREATMENTS
    [Show full text]
  • 3-Local-Anesthetics.Pdf
    Overview • Local anesthetics produce a transient and reversible loss of sensation (analgesia) in a circumscribed region of the body without loss of consciousness. • Normally, the process is completely reversible. • Local anesthetics are generally classified as either esters or amides and are usually linked to: – a lipophilic aromatic group – to a hydrophilic, ionizable tertiary (sometimes secondary) amine. • Most are weak bases with pKa ( 8 – 9), and at physiologic pH they are primarily in the charged, cationic form. • The potency of local anesthetics is positively correlated with their lipid solubility, which may vary 16-fold, and negatively correlated with their molecular size. • These anesthetics are selected for use on the basis of: 1. the duration of drug action • Short: 20 min • Intermediate: 1—1.5 hrs • Long: 2—4 hrs 2. effectiveness at the administration site 3. potential for toxicity Mechanism of action Local anesthetics act by blocking sodium channels and the conduction of action potentials along sensory nerves. • Blockade is voltage dependent and time dependent. a. At rest, the voltage-dependent sodium (Na+) channels of sensory nerves are in the resting (closed) state. • Following the action potential the Na+ channel becomes active (open) and then converts to an inactive (closed) state that is insensitive to depolarization. • Following repolarization of the plasma membrane there is a slow reversion of channels from the inactive to the resting state, which can again be activated by depolarization. • During excitation the cationic charged form of local anesthetics interacts preferentially with the inactivated state of the Na+ channels on the inner aspect of the sodium channel to block sodium current and increase the threshold for excitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Dopamine: a Role in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hypertension
    Journal of Human Hypertension (2000) 14, Suppl 1, S47–S50 2000 Macmillan Publishers Ltd All rights reserved 0950-9240/00 $15.00 www.nature.com/jhh Dopamine: a role in the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension MB Murphy Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland The catecholamine dopamine (DA), activates two dis- (largely nausea and orthostasis) have precluded wide tinct classes of DA-specific receptors in the cardio- use of D2 agonists. In contrast, the D1 selective agonist vascular system and kidney—each capable of influenc- fenoldopam has been licensed for the parenteral treat- ing systemic blood pressure. D1 receptors on vascular ment of severe hypertension. Apart from inducing sys- smooth muscle cells mediate vasodilation, while on temic vasodilation it induces a diuresis and natriuresis, renal tubular cells they modulate sodium excretion. D2 enhanced renal blood flow, and a small increment in receptors on pre-synaptic nerve terminals influence nor- glomerular filtration rate. Evidence is emerging that adrenaline release and, consequently, heart rate and abnormalities in DA production, or in signal transduc- vascular resistance. Activation of both, by low dose DA tion of the D1 receptor in renal proximal tubules, may lowers blood pressure. While DA also binds to alpha- result in salt retention and high blood pressure in some and beta-adrenoceptors, selective agonists at both DA humans and in several animal models of hypertension. receptor classes have been studied in the treatment of
    [Show full text]
  • Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play
    The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Executive Agency for Health and Consumers Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play 24 January 2012 Final Report Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play Acknowledgements Matrix Insight Ltd would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this research. We are especially grateful to the following institutions for their support throughout the study: the Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union (PGEU) including their national member associations in Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland and the United Kingdom; the European Medical Association (EMANET); the Observatoire Social Européen (OSE); and The Netherlands Institute for Health Service Research (NIVEL). For questions about the report, please contact Dr Gabriele Birnberg ([email protected] ). Matrix Insight | 24 January 2012 2 Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play Executive Summary This study has been carried out in the context of Directive 2011/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 on the application of patients’ rights in cross- border healthcare (CBHC). The CBHC Directive stipulates that the European Commission shall adopt measures to facilitate the recognition of prescriptions issued in another Member State (Article 11). At the time of submission of this report, the European Commission was preparing an impact assessment with regards to these measures, designed to help implement Article 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification Ofa D1 Dopamine Receptor, Not Linked To
    Br. J. Pharmacol. (1991), 103, 1928-1934 11--" Macmillan Press Ltd, 1991 Identification of a D1 dopamine receptor, not linked to adenylate cyclase, on lactotroph cells 'Danny F. Schoors, *Georges P. Vauquelin, *Hilde De Vos, fGerda Smets, Brigitte Velkeniers, Luc Vanhaelst & Alain G. Dupont Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (V.U.B.), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium; *Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Instituut voor Moleculaire Biologie, V.U.B., Paardenstraat 65, St-Genesius-Rode, Belgium and tDepartment of Experimental Pathology, Medical School, V.U.B., Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium 1 We studied the lactotroph cells of the rat by both in vivo and in vitro pharmacological techniques for the presence of D1-receptors. Both approaches revealed the presence of a D2-receptor, stimulated by quinpirole (resulting in an inhibition of prolactin secretion) and blocked by domperidone. 2 Administration of fenoldopam, the most selective Dl-receptor agonist currently available, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of prolactin secretion in vivo (after pretreatment with a-methyl-p-tyrosine) and in vitro (cultured pituitary cells). This increase was dose-dependently blocked by the selective D1-receptor antagonist, SCH 23390, and although the effect of fenoldopam was less than that obtained by D2-receptor stimulation, these data suggest that a D,-receptor also controls prolactin secretion. 3 In order to detect the location of these dopamine receptors, autoradiographic studies were performed by use of [3H]-SCH 23390 and [3H]-spiperone as markers for D1- and D2-receptors, respectively. Specific binding sites for [3H]-SCH 23390 were demonstrated. Fenoldopam dose-dependently reduced [3H]-SCH 23390 binding, but had no effect on [3H]-spiperone binding.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Visiting Hypersensitivity Reactions to Taxanes: a Comprehensive Review
    Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol DOI 10.1007/s12016-014-8416-0 Re-visiting Hypersensitivity Reactions to Taxanes: A Comprehensive Review Matthieu Picard & Mariana C. Castells # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract Taxanes (a class of chemotherapeutic agents) Keywords Taxane . Paclitaxel . Taxol . Docetaxel . are an important cause of hypersensitivity reactions Taxotere . Nab-paclitaxel . Abraxane . Cabazitaxel . (HSRs) in cancer patients. During the last decade, the Chemotherapy . Hypersensitivity . Allergy . Skin test . development of rapid drug desensitization has been key Desensitization . Challenge . Diagnosis . Review . IgE . to allow patients with HSRs to taxanes to be safely re- Complement . Mechanism treated although the mechanisms of these HSRs are not fully understood. Earlier studies suggested that solvents, such as Cremophor EL used to solubilize paclitaxel, Introduction were responsible for HSRs through complement activa- tion, but recent findings have raised the possibility that Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to chemotherapy are in- some of these HSRs are IgE-mediated. Taxane skin creasingly common and represent an important impediment testing, which identifies patients with an IgE-mediated to the care of cancer patients as they may entail serious sensitivity, appears as a promising diagnostic and risk consequences and prevent patients from being treated with stratification tool in the management of patients with the most efficacious agent against their cancer [1]. During the HSRs to taxanes. The management of patients following last decade, different groups have developed rapid drug de- a HSR involves risk stratification and re-exposure could sensitization (RDD) protocols that allow the safe re- be performed either through rapid drug desensitization introduction of a chemotherapeutic agent to which a patient or graded challenge based on the severity of the initial is allergic, and their use have recently been endorsed by the HSR and the skin test result.
    [Show full text]
  • Antiproliferative Effects of Free and Encapsulated Hypericum Perforatum L
    ISSN 2093-6966 [Print], ISSN 2234-6856 [Online] Journal of Pharmacopuncture 2019;22[2]:102-108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2019.22.013 Original article Antiproliferative Effects of Free and Encapsulated Hypericum Perforatum L. Extract and Its Potential Interaction with Doxorubicin for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Issa Amjadi1, Mohammad Mohajeri2, Andrei Borisov3 , Motahare-Sadat Hosseini4* 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States 2 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States 4 Biomaterials Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Key Words Results: Free drugs and nanoparticles significantly inhibited KYSE30 cells by 55-73% and slightly affected doxorubicin, hypericum perforatum extract, nano- normal cells up to 29%. The IC50 of Dox NPs and HP particles, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, drug NPs was ~ 0.04-0.06 mg/mL and ~ 0.6-0.7 mg/mL, re- resistance spectively. Significant decrease occurred in cyclin D1 expression by Dox NPs and HP NPs (P < 0.05). Expo- Abstract sure of KYSE-30 cells to combined treatments includ- ing both Dox and HP extract significantly increased the Objectives: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma level of cyclin D1 expression as compared to those with (ESCC) is considered as a deadly medical condition that individual treatments (P < 0.05). affects a growing number of people worldwide. Target- ed therapy of ESCC has been suggested recently and Conclusion: Dox NPs and HP NPs can successfully and required extensive research. With cyclin D1 as a thera- specifically target ESCC cells through downregulation peutic target, the present study aimed at evaluating the of cyclin D1.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemotherapy Protocol
    Chemotherapy Protocol BREAST CANCER CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-EPIRUBICIN-PACLITAXEL (7 day) Regimen • Breast Cancer – Cyclophosphamide-Epirubicin-Paclitaxel (7 day) Indication • Neoadjuvant / adjuvant therapy of early breast cancer • WHO Performance status 0, 1 Toxicity Drug Adverse Effect Cyclophosphamide Dysuria, haemorrhagic cystitis, taste disturbances Epirubicin Cardio-toxicity, urinary discolouration (red) Hypersensitivity, hypotension, bradycardia, peripheral Paclitaxel neuropathy, myalgia and back pain on administration The adverse effects listed are not exhaustive. Please refer to the relevant Summary of Product Characteristics for full details. Monitoring Regimen • FBC, U&Es and LFTs prior to each cycle. • Ensure adequate cardiac function before starting treatment with epirubicin. Baseline LVEF should be measured, particularly in patients with a history of cardiac problems or in the elderly. Dose Modifications The dose modifications listed are for haematological, liver and renal function only. Dose adjustments may be necessary for other toxicities as well. In principle all dose reductions due to adverse drug reactions should not be re- escalated in subsequent cycles without consultant approval. It is also a general rule for chemotherapy that if a third dose reduction is necessary treatment should be stopped. Please discuss all dose reductions / delays with the relevant consultant before prescribing if appropriate. The approach may be different depending on the clinical circumstances. The following is a general guide only. Version 1.2 (November 2020) Page 1 of 7 Breast – Cyclophosphamide-Epirubicin-Paclitaxel (7 day) Haematological Prior to prescribing the following treatment criteria must be met on day one of treatment. Criteria Eligible Level Neutrophils equal to or more than 1x10 9/L Platelets equal to or more than 100x10 9/L Consider blood transfusion if patient symptomatic of anaemia or has a haemoglobin of less than 8g/dL If counts on day one are below these criteria for neutrophils and platelets then delay treatment for seven days.
    [Show full text]
  • (KPIC) PPO and Out-Of- Area Indemnity (OOA) Drug Formulary with Specialty Drug Tier
    Kaiser Permanente Insurance Company (KPIC) PPO and Out-of- Area Indemnity (OOA) Drug Formulary with Specialty Drug Tier This Drug Formulary was updated: September 1, 2021 NOTE: This drug formulary is updated often and is subject to change. Upon revision, all previous versions of the drug formulary are no longer in effect. This document contains information regarding the drugs that are covered when you participate in the California Nongrandfathered PPO and Out-of- Area Indemnity (OOA) Health Insurance Plans with specialty drug tier offered by Kaiser Permanente Insurance Company (KPIC) and fill your prescription at a MedImpact network pharmacy. Access to the most current version of the Formulary can be obtained by visiting kp.org/kpic-ca-rx-ppo-ngf. For help understanding your KPIC insurance plan benefits, including cost sharing for drugs under the prescription drug benefit and under the medical benefit, please call 1-800-788-0710 or 711 (TTY) Monday through Friday, 7a.m. to 7p.m. For help with this Formulary, including the processes for submitting an exception request and requesting prior authorization and step therapy exceptions, please call MedImpact 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, at 1-800-788-2949 or 711 (TTY). For cost sharing information for the outpatient prescription drug benefits in your specific plan, please visit: kp.org/kpic-ca-rx-ppo-ngf. For help in your preferred language, please see the Kaiser Permanente Insurance Company Notice of Language Assistance in this document. KPIC PPO NGF Table of Contents Informational Section................................................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • WSAVA List of Essential Medicines for Cats and Dogs
    The World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) List of Essential Medicines for Cats and Dogs Version 1; January 20th, 2020 Members of the WSAVA Therapeutic Guidelines Group (TGG) Steagall PV, Pelligand L, Page SW, Bourgeois M, Weese S, Manigot G, Dublin D, Ferreira JP, Guardabassi L © 2020 WSAVA All Rights Reserved Contents Background ................................................................................................................................... 2 Definition ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Using the List of Essential Medicines ............................................................................................ 2 Criteria for selection of essential medicines ................................................................................. 3 Anaesthetic, analgesic, sedative and emergency drugs ............................................................... 4 Antimicrobial drugs ....................................................................................................................... 7 Antibacterial and antiprotozoal drugs ....................................................................................... 7 Systemic administration ........................................................................................................ 7 Topical administration ........................................................................................................... 9 Antifungal drugs .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Inhibition of Tumour Cell Growth by Hyperforin, a Novel Anticancer Drug from St
    Oncogene (2002) 21, 1242 ± 1250 ã 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950 ± 9232/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/onc Inhibition of tumour cell growth by hyperforin, a novel anticancer drug from St. John's wort that acts by induction of apoptosis Christoph M Schempp*,1, Vladimir Kirkin2, Birgit Simon-Haarhaus1, Astrid Kersten3, Judit Kiss1, Christian C Termeer1, Bernhard Gilb4, Thomas Kaufmann5, Christoph Borner5, Jonathan P Sleeman2 and Jan C Simon1 1Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 7, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; 2Institute of Genetics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; 3Institute of Pathology, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; 4HWI Analytik, Hauptstrasse 28, 78106 Rheinzabern, Germany; 5Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 66, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany Hyperforin is a plant derived antibiotic from St. John's Introduction wort. Here we describe a novel activity of hyperforin, namely its ability to inhibit the growth of tumour cells by An exciting aspect of apoptosis is that it can be utilized induction of apoptosis. Hyperforin inhibited the growth of in the treatment of cancer (Revillard et al., 1998; various human and rat tumour cell lines in vivo, with IC50 Nicholson, 2000). Anticancer agents with dierent values between 3 ± 15 mM. Treatment of tumour cells with modes of action have been reported to trigger hyperforin resulted in a dose-dependent generation of apoptosis in chemosensitive cells (Hickman, 1992; apoptotic oligonucleosomes, typical DNA-laddering and Debatin, 1999). The process of apoptosis consists of apoptosis-speci®c morphological changes. In MT-450 dierent phases, including initiation, execution and mammary carcinoma cells hyperforin increased the activity degradation (Kroemer, 1997), and is activated by two of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and hyperforin-mediated major pathways.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Review of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Adults
    SECTION 18.5 Comparative Review of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Adults Harinder Chahal For WHO Secretariat Table of Contents Acronyms: ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3 I. Background and Rationale for the review: ....................................................................................................................... 4 II. Medications under comparative review: ......................................................................................................................... 4 Table 1 - New oral hypoglycemic agents for comparison with current EML agents .......................................................... 5 III. Literature searches and methodology: ............................................................................................................................ 5 1. Title Search Results: .................................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Statement about quality of evidence: ........................................................................................................................ 6 IV. Clinical efficacy and safety evaluation: ............................................................................................................................ 6 1. DPP-4 Inhibitors (Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin) and Metformin: ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]