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The Archbishop of Armachane's Opinion Touchinge Ireland Author(S): Thomas Gogarty Source: Journal of the County Louth Archaeological Society, Vol

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The Archbishop of Armachane's Opinion Touchinge Ireland Author(S): Thomas Gogarty Source: Journal of the County Louth Archaeological Society, Vol County Louth Archaeological and History Society The Archbishop of Armachane's Opinion touchinge Ireland Author(s): Thomas Gogarty Source: Journal of the County Louth Archaeological Society, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Sep., 1909), pp. 149-164 Published by: County Louth Archaeological and History Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27727871 . Accessed: 30/03/2013 18:46 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. County Louth Archaeological and History Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the County Louth Archaeological Society. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 150.108.161.71 on Sat, 30 Mar 2013 18:46:39 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 149 ?DJje giVc?)hi$l)op of &vmactyan&& ?pintan DELIVERED IN JULYE, 1558. Introduction. HE manuscript which is now printed for the first time is to be found in the Harleian collection in the British Museum, No. 35, fol. io,5-204b. It is the text of a speech delivered in London in the presence o? the Cabinet of Queen Mary's advisers, in July, 1558, just a few weeks before his death, by George Dowdall, Archbishop of Armagh. Primate Dowdall was a native of the County of Louth. One tradition claims that he first saw the light in the Castle of Glaspistoll ; however, a seanchie of Dunleer parish disputes the accuracy of that tradition, and owns that he had always heard from the old people that the Primate's birthplace was on the heights of Haclim, within a few miles of the town of Ardee. A third tradition claims that the parish of Togher was the scene of his birth. It is impossible to decide where the truth lies. The Dowdall family possessed many houses up and down throughout Louth in the sixteenth century. The family owed their origin to Baldwin De Dowdall, a Flemish knight, who was active in Louth as early at the year 1180. In the days of Duald Mac Firbis there existed a tradition that the Dowdalls were descendants of Irish ancestors of the O'Dowd stock, who in very early days had emigrated to the Continent and who returned with the Normans as foreigners. Whatever credence may be attached to that tradition, it evidences that the Dowdall family were then regarded with a friendly eye by the native Irish clans. George Dowdall was born about the beginning of the sixteenth century. He became a member of the Order of Crouched Friars at Ardee, and at the dissolution of that convent in 1539 he was its prior. He was in high favour with Henry VIII, and he was promised the Archi? piscopal See of Armagh when it should become vacant, and in the interim he was a annum. at of Primate Cromer granted pension of ?20 per Accordingly, the demise was was consent he promoted, and consecrated Primate without the of the Holy See. He continued in schismatical occupancy of Armagh from December, 1543, until his expulsion in 1551. He was excluded from the Primacy and compelled to fly from Ireland, because he refused to accept the English liturgy. He boldly de clared that he would not be bishop where the Holy Mass was abolished, and in punish ment of his refusal he was deprived of his See. He fled to Abb? de Centre in France about the month of July, 1551. In the month of November following Wauchope, who had been provided by the Pope to the See of Armagh (Feb. 10, 1545) died, and the Archdiocese remained without a bishop for over a year. On the 23rd January, 1553, George Dowdall was proposed in Consistory for the vacancy, and on ist March G This content downloaded from 150.108.161.71 on Sat, 30 Mar 2013 18:46:39 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions i5o PRIMATE DOWDALL's SPEECH. following he was formally appointed Archbishop of Armagh. It is worthy of remark that Edward VI was still living when this appointment was made. The new Primate travelled homewards, and he appears to have been present at Queen Mary's Coronation. At all events, in a few days after that event he travelled to Ireland in company with the Lord Deputy, St. Leger. On his arrival Primate Dowdall took over possession of his Archdiocese as the orthodox Archbishop, and he received from Queen Mary suitable grants of land in lieu of the Archipiscopal estates of which the Primatial See had been despoiled during his absence. us a In the present speech the Primate confronts rather in the character of civil administrator than in that of a churchman. The text does not contain the remotest hint concerning his religious difficulties or activities ; but it affords if not a refreshing certainly a deeply interesting insight into the Anglo-Irish mind, and it reveals the prejudices and fears and ambitions, not only of the Primate, but of the whole Pale of his time. We learn from it that he took the keenest interest in the civil administ ration of the English Colony, and that when he was seated securely in the Primatial See his mind was actively engaged with schemes for the furtherance of English power. In 1546 and 1547 he had been a member of the Privy Council of Ireland ?an appointment that approved him as the friend of England, and he undertook no new r?le when he planned the present speech and offered his advice to the English means Cabinet as to the proper ways and for furthering the conquest of Ireland. was over St. Leger was recalled in 1555, and the Earl of Sussex sent to succeed him. an was no means success Sussex was unscrupulous and faithless Deputy, and he by ful in the warlike measures which he undertook to reduce the native clans to English allegiance. His faithlessness and his failures irritated Primate Dowdall, who com plained bitterly of his administration to the Irish Privy Council and to Cardinal Pole. Furthermore, on November 17, 1557, the Primate wrote to Nicholas Heath, Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor of England.?" As I writ to my Lord Cardinall this pore realm was never in my remembraunce in worse case than it is nowe, except the tyme onely that O Neyll and O Donyill invaded thenglish Pale a . as as and burned greate piece of it. The northe is farr out of frame ever it was before, fore the Scots berrithe (beareth) as great rule as they doth wysshe, not in suche landes as did but alsoe in The O Mores onely " they lately usurp, Claneboy." and the O Conors hath distroit and burned,Leix and Ofayle savinge certaine forts." He prayed for redress of such hurts and damages as he had sustained by the Lord Deputy and the army which had lately burned his See of Armagh with three churches The truth seems to be that there was no love lost between Sussex and the Primate, and the Primate was filled with the same alarms for the future of in Ireland that caused the a few later to English government" Lord Deputy years cry out to Cecil If the Queen (Elizabeth) provide not in time she will lose Ireland as her sister lost Calais." Dowdall's raised the alarms he and complaints intended," on was February 9th, 1558, he summoned to Queen Mary's presence for causes our of weight concerning service." Meantime Sussex sought to defend his admini stration, and on April 7, 1558, he forwarded his answer to the charges brought against him in Dowdall's letters. He indignantly repels those charges as slanders founded on personal malice. But Primate Dowdall set forth his views at greater length in a book to which he refers, The M is ser able State of Ireland, and he sub mitted this work May 30, 1558, to the Privy Council, begging their Lordships to forward its contents to the Queen. It was only then that he complied with the to Queen's command repair to London. He arrived in London about the end of June and he delivered the present speech. It contains the practical programme which he would outline for the successful and at the same time economical furtherance of the conquest in Ireland. The Primate survived this effort by a few weeks. He died in London on August 15th, 1558. This content downloaded from 150.108.161.71 on Sat, 30 Mar 2013 18:46:39 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions COUNTY LOUTH ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL. 151 li The Primate's speech might aptly enough in these days be termed a Bill for the better government of Ireland." The trend and gist of it is as follows :? The condition of poor Ireland never was so sad since the first landing of the English as it now unhappily is. Scarcely a tenth part of the island is under English our laws. Most of the lands that in the early days ancestors conquered have been won back by the wild Irish. The very English themselves have turned recreant and rebellious, and, in a word, Irish. The entire colony and the English power in Ireland is daily threaened with extinction.
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