DOCSLIB.ORG

CFD Modelling of Air Flow and Fine Powder Deposition in the Respiratory Tract

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CFD Modelling of Air Flow and Fine Powder Deposition in the Respiratory Tract CFD modelling of air flow and fine powder deposition in the respiratory tract Yun Hwan Kim A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy School of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Science April 2017 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: Kim First name: Yun Hwan Other name/s: Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: M.Phil. School: School of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty: Science Title: CFD modelling of air flow and fine powder deposition in the respiratory tract Abstract This project was to investigate and observe characteristics of micro particles suspended in the ambient air or pharmaceutical aerosols with respect to the mechanisms of deposition in human airways under different inspiratory conditions. Such determination includes pattern observations of inspiratory flow-field of the air, particle trajectory during inspiratory conditions and particle deposition. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) was employed to simulate above problems, aiming to observe flow-field of the inspiratory air and characteristic of flow turbulence in the respiratory tract as well as particle behaviour in the respiratory tract regarding to the particle deposition. In order to do so, three different airway models were employed for the simulations: two realistic airway models introduced by Kitaoka and Weibel airways model. The motion of micro-sized particles between 1~20 µm were simulated under the steady state two inlet- inspiratory conditions – inhalation condition (60 L/min) and breathing condition (18 L/min); to evaluate deposition efficiency. Inertial impaction was dominantly caused high density deposition of particles in upper tracheobronchial region, particularly in regions where daughter airways bifurcate. Results also showed that the velocity in the first bifurcation of airway was higher than the inlet velocity. Back pressures were been observed in lower generations, and high pressures were been observed at every bifurcation regions. The increase of velocity was observed where the fluid directions rapidly changed. Turbulence kinetic energy was the least in main bronchus of respiratory tract and fluctuated from generation to generation. In Kitaoka’s generation 0-7 model, deposition fractions of 2 µm, 6 µm and 10 µm particles were 6.6%, 60.7% and 91.5% respectively under inhalation condition whereas deposition fractions of such particles were 2.9%, 9.0% and 44.9% under breathing condition. In Kitaoka’s generation 0-11 model, deposition fractions of 2 µm, 6 µm and 10 µm particles were 30.9%, 80.1% and 99.8% respectively under inhalation condition whereas deposition fractions of such particles were 16.2%, 24.4% and 62.6% under breathing condition. Furthermore in Weibel’s generation 3-6 model, deposition fractions of 2 µm, 6 µm and 10 µm particles were 9.7%, 38.3% and 97.4% respectively under inhalation condition whereas deposition fractions of such particles were 3.2%, 15.6% and 56.2% under breathing condition. Declaration relating to disposition of project thesis/dissertation I hereby grant to the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all property rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstracts International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only). …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………..……………… ……….……………………...…….… Signature Witness Signature Date The University recognises that there may be exceptional circumstances requiring restrictions on copying or conditions on use. Requests for restriction for a period of up to 2 years must be made in writing. Requests for a longer period of restriction may be considered in exceptional circumstances and require the approval of the Dean of Graduate Research. FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Date of completion of requirements for Award: ORIGINALITY STATEMENT ‘I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.’ Signed …………………………………………………… Date ……………………………………………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to greatly thank my LORD Jesus Christ, for giving me the opportunity allowing me to undertake the great piece of research under the great supervisor, Professor Runyu Yang, for the purposes of fulfilling His great plan in my life. Also, I was so blessed to have tremendous support from my parents and friends. I would not be standing at where I am without your endless understanding and encouragements. “The fear of the LORD is the beginning of the knowledge, and the heart of the discerning acquires knowledge, for the ears of the wise seek it out.” – King Solomon’s Proverbs – ii ABSTRACT This project had the objective to investigate and observe characteristics of micro particles suspended in the ambient air or pharmaceutical aerosols with respect to the mechanisms of deposition in human airways under different inspiratory conditions. Such determination includes pattern observations of inspiratory flow-field of the air, particle trajectory during inspiratory conditions and particle deposition. All those results are relevant to diversified fields as its applicable scope is not limited to the pharmaceutical aerosol devices development but also to the environmental study and combustion development. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) was employed to simulate above problems, aiming to observe flow-field of the inspiratory air and characteristic of flow turbulence in the respiratory tract as well as particles behaviour in the respiratory tract regarding to the particle deposition. In order to do so, three different airway models were employed for the simulations: two realistic airway models introduced by Kitaoka and one idealised airway model based on the morphological study of Weibel that was widely utilized for both numerical and experimental studies of particle deposition in human airways. Two realistic airway models of Kitaoka correspond to generation 0-7 and 0-11 respectively, whereas the idealised airway model corresponds to generation 3-6. Those three airway models are a portion of upper tracheobronchial region which the boundary of realistic airway models both start from trachea whereas idealised airway model starts from bronchiolus. Generation 0-7 and 0-11 model corresponds from trachea to 7th airway bifurcations and from trachea to 11th airway bifurcations in tracheobronchial region respectively, and generation 3-6 model corresponds to an airway portion from 3rd airway bifurcation to 6th airway bifurcation. The motion of micro-sized particles between 1~20 µm were simulated under two inlet- inspiratory conditions – induced inhalation condition (60 L/min) and normal breathing condition (18 L/min) to evaluate deposition efficiency. The flow-field and fluid momentum generated in realistic airway models under both conditions have shown direct influence to the motion of the inhaled particles. Inertial impaction was dominantly caused high density deposition of particles in upper tracheobronchial region particularly in regions where daughter airways bifurcate. Results also have shown that iii the velocity in the first bifurcation of airway was higher than the inlet velocity. Back pressures were been observed in lower generations, and high pressures were been observed at every bifurcation regions. Fluid velocity gradually decreased toward the outlets and the increase of velocity was observed where the fluid directions rapidly changed. Turbulence kinetic energy was shown to be the least in main bronchus of respiratory tract and fluctuated from generation to generation. Furthermore, the aerodynamic sizes of particles were also highly related to the variation of deposition efficiency, as greater size particles caused higher rate of particle deposition. In generation 0-7 realistic airways model, deposition fractions of 2 µm, 6 µm and 10 µm particles were 6.6%, 60.7% and 91.5% respectively under inhalation condition, whereas deposition fractions of such particles were 2.9%, 9.0% and 44.9% under breathing condition. In generation 0-11 realistic airways model, deposition fractions of 2 µm, 6 µm and 10 µm particles were 30.9%, 80.1% and 99.8% respectively under inhalation condition, whereas deposition fractions of such particles were 16.2%, 24.4% and 62.6% under breathing condition. Furthermore in generation 3- 6 idealised airways model, deposition fractions of 2 µm, 6 µm and 10 µm particles were 9.7%, 38.3% and 97.4% respectively under inhalation condition, whereas deposition
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wall Thermal Inertia Effects of Pulsatile Flow in a Ribbed Tube: a Numerical Approach Amin Kardgar*,A, Davood Domiri Ganjib
    Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Research 7 (2020) 85-94 Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Research Journal homepage: http://jhmtr.semnan.ac.ir Semnan University Wall Thermal Inertia Effects of Pulsatile Flow in a Ribbed Tube: A Numerical Approach Amin Kardgar*,a, Davood Domiri Ganjib aDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran. bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran. PAPER INFO ABSTRACT Paper history: In the present paper, the heat transfer of pulsatile flow in ribbed tube was investigated Received: 2020-02-24 numerically by considering the effect of thermal inertia of solid wall thickness. To this purpose, the CVFV technique with collocated grids arrangement was adopted to discretize Revised: 2020-07-01 momentum and energy equations. In order to avoid checker-board of pressure field in Accepted: 2020-10-16 numerical simulation, Chow and Rhie interpolation scheme was employed. The well- established SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) method was Keywords: utilized to handle velocity and pressure coupling in the momentum equation. Stone’s Strongly Pulsatile flow; Implicit Procedure (SIP) was used to solve the set of individual linear algebraic equations. Conjugate heat transfer; Womersley number, Reynolds number, velocity amplitude, and wall thickness ratio are four Womersley number; essential parameters that influence heat transfer and Nusselt number in pulsatile flow in a Wall thickness; ribbed tube. It was deduced by varying Womersley number Nu does not change. Nu enhances ribbed tube. almost 19% by augmentation of wall thickness ratio from 0.125 to 1. It was shown by increasing velocity amplitude from 0.1 to 0.8; Nu reduces almost 4.7%.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Biofluid Mechanics Portonovo S
    To protect the rights of the author(s) and publisher we inform you that this PDF is an uncorrected proof for internal business use only by the author(s), editor(s), reviewer(s), Elsevier and typesetter TNQ Books and Journals Pvt Ltd. It is not allowed to publish this proof online or in print. This proof copy is the copyright property of the publisher and is confidential until formal publication. CHAPTER 16 Introduction to Biofluid Mechanics Portonovo S. Ayyaswamy OUTLINE 16.1 Introduction e2 Exercises e71 16.2 The Circulatory System in the Acknowledgments e72 Human Body e2 Literature Cited e72 16.3 Modeling of Flow in Blood Vessels e18 Supplemental Reading e73 16.4 Introduction to the Fluid Mechanics of Plants e65 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES • To properly introduce the subject of biofluid • To review the parametric impact of the prop- mechanics including the necessary language erties of rigid, flexible, branched, and curved fl • To describe the components of the human cir- tubes on blood ow culation system and document their nominal • To provide an overview of fluid transport in characteristics plants • To present analytical results of relevant models of steady and pulsatile blood flow Fluid Mechanics http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-405935-1.00016-2 e1 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. To protect the rights of the author(s) and publisher we inform you that this PDF is an uncorrected proof for internal business use only by the author(s), editor(s), reviewer(s), Elsevier and typesetter TNQ Books and Journals Pvt Ltd. It is not allowed to publish this proof online or in print.
    [Show full text]
  • Mass Transfer and Separation of Species in Oscillating Flows
    MASS TRANSFER AND SEPARATION OF SPECIES IN OSCILLATING FLOWS By AARON M. THOMAS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2001 Copyright 2001 by AARON M. THOMAS To Susan, Yesenia, and Dakota. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS guidance on this work I am most grateful to my advisor, Dr. Narayanan, for his and his counsel on a variety of topics that arose during our numerous conversations. some of I also thank Dr. Kurzweg and Dr. Jaeger for their help on understanding the aspects of this research. for a large part of my I am fortunate that Dr. Weaver has taken time to mentor me education. My parents and sisters have been very supportive of me in all of my work and decisions, and I know I can never repay everything that they have done for me. have made The friends that I have made both inside and outside this department my experience in Gainesville most memorable. Most importantly, my wife continually makes me realize that nothing has as much meaning without her by my side. My wife and my children properly balance my life and make me understand what is truly important. from under I gratefully acknowledge the support for this project received NASA grant number NAG3 2415 and for my financial support through an NSF Fellowship under grant number 9616053. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS i v LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES « LIST OF SYMBOLS xiii 1.3 ABSTRACT xvii 1 INTRODUCTION OF THE PHYSICS 1 1.1 Physics of the
    [Show full text]
  • A Computer Simulation of the Non-Newtonian Blood Flow at the Aortic Bifurcation
    Do21 9290/93 %S.W+.oO J. Biomechmics Vol. 26, NO. I, pp. 37-49. 1993. c#; 1992 Pergamon Press Ltd Pnnted m Great Britain A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE NON-NEWTONIAN BLOOD FLOW AT THE AORTIC BIFURCATION ZHENG Lou* and WEN-JEI YANG? *Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A. and tMechanicil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A. Abstract-A two-dimensional numerical model was developed to determine the effect of the non-New- tonian behavior of blood on a pulsatile flow at the aortic bifurcation. The blood rheology was described by a weak-form Casson equation. The successive-over-relaxation (SOR) method was used to solve both the vorticity and Poisson equations numerically. It was disclosed that the non-Newtonian property of blood did not drastically change the flow patterns, but caused an appreciable increase in the shear stresses and a slightly higher resistance to both flow separations and the phase shifts between flow layers. NOMENCLATURE INTRODUCTION AR area ratio The curvatures, junctions and bifurcations of large D diameter and medium arteries are severely affected by athero- second invariant of the strain rate tensor Dll sclerosis. It has been suggested that fluid dynamics H half-width of a channel J, .i and J’ coordinate transformation coefficients may play a role in the genesis and progression of the I, reference length disease. The blood flows in these regions are disturbed Lb min minimum branch length and the arterial walls are exposed to either high or low parameter in the Papanastasiou’s weak form shear stresses.
    [Show full text]
  • Numerical, Analytical, and Experimental Studies Of
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-14-2017 Numerical, Analytical, and Experimental Studies of Reciprocating Mechanism Driven Heat Loops for High Heat Flux Cooling Olubunmi Tolulope Popoola Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC004065 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Heat Transfer, Combustion Commons, and the Other Mechanical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Popoola, Olubunmi Tolulope, "Numerical, Analytical, and Experimental Studies of Reciprocating Mechanism Driven Heat Loops for High Heat Flux Cooling" (2017). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3505. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3505 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida NUMERICAL, ANALYTICAL, AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF RECIPROCATING MECHANISM DRIVEN HEAT LOOPS FOR HIGH HEAT FLUX COOLING A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING by Olubunmi Tolulope Popoola 2017 To: Dean John L. Volakis College of Engineering and Computing, This dissertation, written by Olubunmi Tolulope Popoola, Numerical, Analytical, and
    [Show full text]
  • Vortexformationinthecardiovasc.Pdf
    Vortex Formation in the Cardiovascular System Arash Kheradvar • Gianni Pedrizzetti Vortex Formation in the Cardiovascular System Authors Arash Kheradvar, M.D., Ph.D. Gianni Pedrizzetti, Ph.D. University of California, Irvine Università degli Studi di Trieste 2410 Engineering Hall Dipto. Ingegneria Civile e The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Architettura Advanced Cardiovascular Technology P. Europa 1 Irvine 34127 Trieste California 92697 Italy USA ISBN 978-1-4471-2287-6 e-ISBN 978-1-4471-2288-3 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-2288-3 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2011944219 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Linear and Nonlinear Dynamics of Pulsatile Channel Flow Benoît Pier, Peter J
    Linear and nonlinear dynamics of pulsatile channel flow Benoît Pier, Peter J. Schmid To cite this version: Benoît Pier, Peter J. Schmid. Linear and nonlinear dynamics of pulsatile channel flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2017, 815, pp.435-480. 10.1017/jfm.2017.58. hal-01385093v3 HAL Id: hal-01385093 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01385093v3 Submitted on 6 Mar 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. J. Fluid Mech. (2017), vol. 815, pp. 435–480. 435 doi: 10.1017/jfm.2017.58 Linear and nonlinear dynamics of pulsatile channel flow Benoˆıt P I E R1 and Peter J. S C H M I D2 † 1Laboratoire de m´ecanique des fluides et d’acoustique, CNRS, Ecole´ centrale de Lyon, Universit´ede Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, 36 avenue Guy-de-Collongue, 69134 Ecully,´ France 2Department of Mathematics, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK (Received 14 July 2016; revised 19 January 2017; accepted 19 January 2017) The dynamics of small-amplitude perturbations as well as the regime of fully developed nonlinear propagating waves is investigated for pulsatile channel flows.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Field Equations
    APPEND IX Basic Field Equations A.I Introduction In this appendix we list the basic equations of mechani cs. We present these equations in order to exhibit the mathematical expressions of the basic laws of physics (conservation of mass, momentum, and energy) and to show the notations used in this book. How easily the material presented here will be assimilated depends on the background of the reader. For some, a quick glance will be sufficient. For others, some hard study and further reading will be necessary. The author' s book, A First Course in Continuum M echanics (Fung, 1977), is one of the shortest and most con venient references for this purpose. Other larger treati ses are listed at the end of this appendix. The mechanical properties of materials are expressed in constitutive equations. The constitutive equations of biological materials are discussed in the author's book, Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties ofLiving Tissues (Fung, 1981). They are often quoted below without discussion. A.2 Conservation of Mass and Momentum Let us consider the motion of a solid or a fluid. Let XI> X2 'X 3 or X, y, z be rectangular Cartesian coordinates . Let the velocity components along the X-, y-, z-axis directions be denoted by VI'V2' V3 or u, v, IV, respectively. Let p denote pressure, and uij or (ux x ' uYY' Uzz ' Ux }.' uyx ' u zz) be the stress components. Throughout this book the index notation will be used. Unless stated otherwise, all indices will range over 1,2,3. The summation convention will be used : repetition of an index means summation over I, 2, 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Prandtl Number on Internal Convective Heat Transfer in Laminar Single-Phase Pulsating Flows
    Effect of Prandtl number on internal convective heat transfer in laminar single-phase pulsating flows Sushant Kumar 1, Balkrishna Mehta 2, Sameer Khandekar 2a 1Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani – Goa Campus, Goa, India 2Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India (aCorresponding author, email: [email protected]) Abstract. In this paper, heat transfer during simultaneously developing single- phase laminar flow inside a pipe has been investigated numerically. A two di- mensional axisymmetric model of a circular mini-channel is used, with a con- stant wall temperature boundary condition. In the present simulations, flow Reynolds number ( Re ) and amplitude ratio ( A) are kept constant to 200 and 0.2, respectively. The variable quantities are imposed pulsating frequency ( f) or non- dimensional frequency (Womersley number, Wo ) and Prandtl number ( Pr ). Study is conducted for three different imposed flow frequencies of 5 Hz, 15 Hz and 25 Hz respectively while Prandtl number values are varied from 2.43 to 3404. These flow parameters can be grouped together to form different time scales which are important to explain the heat transfer behavior in laminar sin- gle-phase pulsating flow. It is observed that for the range of frequency (f) and Prandtl number ( Pr ) used in present work, change in heat transfer is marginal which is of no practical significance. Enhancement of heat transfer coefficient due to such periodic pulsatile internal flows, over and above the non-pulsatile regular flow conditions, is questionable, and at best, rather limited. 1 Introduction The occurrence of single-phase pulsating flow can be encountered in many engi- neering systems, such as bio-fluidic devices, cooling systems for miniaturized elec- tronic circuits, reciprocating pumps, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • MHD Pulsatile Flow of Engine Oil Based Carbon Nanotubes Between Two Con- Centric Cylinders
    Accepted Manuscript MHD Pulsatile Flow of Engine oil based Carbon Nanotubes between Two Con- centric Cylinders Rizwan Ul Haq, Faisal Shahzad, Qasem M. Al-Mdallal PII: S2211-3797(16)30327-8 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2016.11.057 Reference: RINP 457 To appear in: Results in Physics Received Date: 7 October 2016 Revised Date: 23 November 2016 Accepted Date: 25 November 2016 Please cite this article as: Ul Haq, R., Shahzad, F., Al-Mdallal, Q.M., MHD Pulsatile Flow of Engine oil based Carbon Nanotubes between Two Concentric Cylinders, Results in Physics (2016), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.rinp.2016.11.057 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. MHD Pulsatile Flow of Engine oil based Carbon Nanotubes between Two Concentric Cylinders Rizwan Ul Haq1,∗, Faisal Shahzad 2 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahria University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan 2Department of Mathematics, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan”” Abstract Present analysis is dedicated to examine the thermal performance of engine oil in the presence of both single and multiple wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) between two concentric cylinders. Flow is driven with oscillatory pressure gradient and magneto- hydrodynamics (MHD) effects are also introduced to control the random motion of the nanoparticles.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Grid Topology and Resolution on Computation of Steady and Unsteady Internal Flows
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Engineering EFFECT OF GRID TOPOLOGY AND RESOLUTION ON COMPUTATION OF STEADY AND UNSTEADY INTERNAL FLOWS A Thesis in Mechanical Engineering by Steven P. McHale c 2009 Steven P. McHale Submitted in Partial Fulllment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science May 2009 The Thesis of Steven P. McHale has been reviewed and approved* by the follow- ing: Eric G. Paterson Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering Thesis Advisor Laura L. Pauley, P.E. Arthur L. Glenn Professor of Engineering Education Professor of Mechanical Engineering Karen A. Thole Professor of Mechanical Engineering Department Head of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering *Signatures are on le in the Graduate School Abstract Internal ow has been studied under steady and unsteady conditions. The work was motivated by previous research in canine olfaction which showed that the structure of the dog's nose consists of a highly complex pipe network in which the unsteady air ow transports odorant molecules to the sensory region. Due to geometric complexity of the canine turbinates, a body-tted hex- dominant mesher was used, thus generating the question: What is the impact of grid topology and resolution on solution accuracy? The governing equations are dened and reduced to an analytical solution for a circular pipe with both steady and unsteady components. The numerical methods and solution algorithms are described. Simple test cases are performed using an open source computational uid dynamics (CFD) code, OpenFOAM, to understand the underlying physics and computational challenges inherent in internal pipe ows. The characteristic steady, Poiseuille ow was found and a grid study was performed over a range of Womersley numbers (Wo) for the oscillatory, unsteady calculations of the straight pipe.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermo-Hydrodynamics of Pulsating Laminar Flow in a Microtube: a Numerical Study
    THERMO-HYDRODYNAMICS OF PULSATING LAMINAR FLOW IN A MICROTUBE: A NUMERICAL STUDY A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQIUREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Technology in Mechanical Engineering By PARTHASARATHI MISHRA ROLL NO - 212ME3313 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA ROURKELA-769008 JUNE-2014 THERMO-HYDRODYNAMICS OF PULSATING LAMINAR FLOW IN A MICROTUBE: A NUMERICAL STUDY A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQIUREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Technology in Mechanical Engineering By PARTHASARATHI MISHRA 212ME3313 Under the guidance of Dr. MANOJ KUMAR MOHARANA DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA ROURKELA-769008 JUNE-2014 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “THERMO-HYDRODYNAMICS OF PULSATING LAMINAR FLOW IN A MICROTUBE: A NUMERICAL STUDY” submitted by Mr. Parthasarathi Mishra in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Technology Degree in Mechanical Engineering with specialization in Thermal Engineering at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela (Deemed University) is an authentic work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted to any other University/ Institute for the award of any degree or diploma. Dr. Manoj Kumar Moharana Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Date National Institute of Technology Rourkela Rourkela– 769008 III SELF DECLARATION I, Mr Parttrasarathi Mishra, Roll No. 212M83313, student of M. Tech (2012-14), Thermal Engineering at Departrnent of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela do hereby declare that I have not adopted any kind of unfair means and carried out the research work reported in this thesis work ethically to the best of rny knowledge.
    [Show full text]