Draft Genome Analysis of Antimicrobial Streptomyces Isolated from Himalayan Lichen S Byeollee Kim1, So-Ra Han1, Janardan Lamichhane2, Hyun Park3, and Tae-Jin Oh1,4,5*

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Draft Genome Analysis of Antimicrobial Streptomyces Isolated from Himalayan Lichen S Byeollee Kim1, So-Ra Han1, Janardan Lamichhane2, Hyun Park3, and Tae-Jin Oh1,4,5* J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2019), 29(7), 1144–1154 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1906.06037 Research Article Review jmb Draft Genome Analysis of Antimicrobial Streptomyces Isolated from Himalayan Lichen S Byeollee Kim1, So-Ra Han1, Janardan Lamichhane2, Hyun Park3, and Tae-Jin Oh1,4,5* 1Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea 2Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Kathmandu, Nepal 3Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea 4Genome-based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan, Republic of Korea 5Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea Received: June 17, 2019 Revised: July 5, 2019 There have been several studies regarding lichen-associated bacteria obtained from diverse Accepted: July 9, 2019 environments. Our screening process identified 49 bacterial species in two lichens from the First published online Himalayas: 17 species of Actinobacteria, 19 species of Firmicutes, and 13 species of July 10, 2019 Proteobacteria. We discovered five types of strong antimicrobial agent-producing bacteria. *Corresponding author Although some strains exhibited weak antimicrobial activity, NP088, NP131, NP132, NP134, Phone: +82-41-530-2677; and NP160 exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against all multidrug-resistant strains. Fax: +82-41-530-2279; E-mail: [email protected] Polyketide synthase (PKS) fingerprinting revealed results for 69 of 148 strains; these had similar genes, such as fatty acid-related PKS, adenylation domain genes, PfaA, and PksD. Although the association between antimicrobial activity and the PKS fingerprinting results is poorly resolved, NP160 had six types of PKS fingerprinting genes, as well as strong antimicrobial activity. Therefore, we sequenced the draft genome of strain NP160, and predicted its secondary metabolism using antiSMASH version 4.2. NP160 had 46 clusters and was predicted to produce similar secondary metabolites with similarities of 5–100%. Although NP160 had 100% similarity with the alkylresorcinol biosynthetic gene cluster, our results showed low similarity with existing members of this biosynthetic gene cluster, and most have S upplementary data for this paper are available on-line only at not yet been revealed. In conclusion, we expect that lichen-associated bacteria from the http://jmb.or.kr. Himalayas can produce new secondary metabolites, and we found several secondary metabolite-related biosynthetic gene clusters to support this hypothesis. pISSN 1017-7825, eISSN 1738-8872 Copyright© 2019 by Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, draft genome sequencing, fingerprinting, Himalayan lichen- The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology associated bacteria, polyketide synthase, secondary metabolites Introduction non-photosynthetic partner (bacterium). Before 2005, research regarding lichens was focused on lichenicolous Approximately 13,500 species of lichen are estimated to fungus [2] and cyanobacteria [3]; the word ‘lichen- inhabit 8% of the earth’s surface in various environments, associated bacteria’ began to appear in the literature, due to including low temperature, drought, and darkness [1]. To the work by Alexandra et al., beginning in 2011 [4]. It has survive in such environments, lichens produce unique recently been reported that millions of lichen-associated secondary metabolite-related compounds that have anti- bacteria greatly influence the survival of lichen through microbial, antitumoral, immunostimulating, and/or antiviral various roles such as resistance stress factor, detoxification activities. In addition, they contribute to symbiosis of the of metabolites, support for photosynthesis, and nutrient mycobiont (fungal partner), photobiont (photosynthetic supply [5]. In 2018, Delphine et al. reported using genome partner, usually a green algae or cyanobacterium), and analysis to identify a new metabolite from the alpha- J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Draft Genome Analysis of Himalayan Lichen-Associated Bacteria 1145 proteobacterium strain MOLA1416, a marine type of of the washed, broken lichen solution were spread on replicate lichen-associated Proteobacteria [6]. Recent studies of lichen- plates containing MY media (3.0 g malt extract, 3.0 g yeast extract, associated bacteria have been performed to confirm activity 10.0g peptone, 10.0 g dextrose, and 20.0 g agar, pH 7.2), R2A and select cultivable bacteria for in-depth genome analysis. media (0.5 g proteose peptone, 0.5 g casamino acid, 0.5 g yeast Most research studies regarding lichen-associated bacteria extract, 0.5 g dextrose, 0.5 g soluble starch, 0.3 g sodium pyruvate, 0.3 g dipotassium phosphate, and 0.05 g magnesium sulfate, pH are based on the hypothesis that such bacteria will produce 7.2), or Bennett’s media (10.0 g glucose, 1.0 g yeast extract, 2.0 g one or more unusual secondary metabolites in the symbiotic Bacto-peptone, and 1.0 g beef extract, pH 7.2); the plates were relationship. The biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, incubated at different temperatures (8, 15, 25, and 37°C) for 3 to analyzed by biosynthetic gene cluster, is already well 30days. known; this includes multidomain enzymes such as polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide 16S rRNA Gene Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis synthetase (NRPS) [7–10]. Although PKS and NRPS comprise All isolated bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA gene most of the metabolite class, knowledge regarding the sequence analysis. For 16S rRNA analysis, the genomic DNA of biological activities of PKS and NRPS genes remains each strain was extracted from a 100-μl culture sample from a 15– insufficient. Lichen-associated bacteria have been analyzed 30day pure culture of a single colony and centrifuged for 10 min from diverse environments, including thermal spots [5], at 10,000 ×g; extraction was performed using the DNeasy Blood sub-Arctic [11], and Arctic [12]. Thus far, 465 species of and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Inc., USA). The 16S rRNA was amplified with two universal primers: 518F (5’-CCAGCAGCCGCGGTA lichen have been identified in Nepal [13]; nevertheless, ATACG-3’) and 800R (5’-TACCAGGGTATCTAATCC-3’). For there has been no study of the diversity of lichen- difficult to analyze sequences, other primers were used: 27F (5’- associated bacteria or their PKS and NRPS genes. Notably, AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-3’) and 1492R (5’-TACGGYTAC lichen flora, market potential, and various activities CTTGTTACGACTT-3’). Sequencing was performed by Genotech (antioxidant, antimicrobial, and toxicity) were reported Ltd. (Korea); the results were compared with the GenBank regarding lichens [14, 15]. Other lichen-associated bacteria database using BLAST to identify the most similar sequences. have been reported as examples of bacterial diversity [16], Closest relative strains were also identified using EzBioCloud as sources of novel metabolites [6], and as samples for (ChunLab, Inc., Korea), and the species of the isolates were genome analysis [17]. predicted. The sequences were pairwise aligned, and phylogenetic We undertook an extensive study regarding the anti- analysis was performed using a modified version of the method microbial potential of lichen-associated bacteria. We aimed described by Kimura et al. [19]. A phylogenetic tree was inferred to identify lichen-associated bacteria from Himalayan using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA X [20]. lichens and to analyze the genomes of selected bacteria that Extraction of Isolated Strains and Disk Diffusion Assay showed antimicrobial activities with secondary metabolite- For the antimicrobial assay, each of the 49 lichen-associated related biosynthetic gene clusters. Based on identification bacteria isolates was cultured in 200 ml liquid medium in of PKS and NRPS genes using fingerprinting polymerase conditions identical to those in which it was isolated. A double chain reaction (PCR), we propose the use of lichen- volume of analytical-grade ethyl acetate (Daejung, Korea) was associated bacteria to produce antimicrobial agents. This added into the grown culture fluid, and shaken using a funnel at study also includes draft genome analysis of lichen- room temperature for 2 h for extraction. The solvent layer was associated bacteria to understand the biosynthesis of concentrated using a rotary evaporator (EYELA A-1000S, Tokyo secondary metabolites. Rikakikai Co., Japan), and each extract was dissolved in 2.0 ml ethyl acetate. The antimicrobial activities of all extracts obtained from the 49 isolated strains were investigated using 16 multidrug- Materials and Methods resistant microorganisms, including anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, by the disc diffusion method. Anaerobic bacteria were Isolation of Lichen-Associated Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (KCTC1927), Streptococcus mutans (KCTC3065), Two lichens from the Himalayas (Fig. S1 and Table S1) were Streptococcus sanguinis (KCTC3284), Streptococcus sobrinus (KCTC3308), collected (27.718805, 85.322705), categorized, and identified by Streptococcus cricetid (KCTC3640), Streptococcus ratti (KCTC3655), morphological analysis. To isolate associated bacteria from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemconitans (KCTC3698), Streptococcus lichens, a modified version of the method of Kim et al. [18] was anginosus (KCTC3983), Actinomyces viscosus (KCTC5531), and used. The thallus segments of the lichens were spread with Actinomyces israelii (KCTC9054); aerobic bacteria were Bacillus sterilized scissors, and 2.0 ml of 0.85% NaCl
Recommended publications
  • Actinomyces Naeslundii: an Uncommon Cause of Endocarditis
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Infectious Diseases Volume 2015, Article ID 602462, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/602462 Case Report Actinomyces naeslundii: An Uncommon Cause of Endocarditis Christopher D. Cortes,1 Carl Urban,1,2 and Glenn Turett1 1 The Dr. James J. Rahal, Jr. Division of Infectious Diseases, NewYork-Presbyterian Queens, Flushing, NY 11355, USA 2Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Carl Urban; [email protected] and Glenn Turett; [email protected] Received 21 September 2015; Accepted 16 November 2015 Academic Editor: Sandeep Dogra Copyright © 2015 Christopher D. Cortes et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Actinomyces rarely causes endocarditis with 25 well-described cases reported in the literature in the past 75 years. We present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) caused by Actinomyces naeslundii.Toourknowledge,thisisthefirstreportintheliterature of endocarditis due to this organism and the second report of PVE caused by Actinomyces. 1. Introduction holosystolic decrescendo murmur. Abnormal laboratory tests included a WBC count of 16.5 K/L (reference range: 4.8– Actinomyces naeslundii is a Gram positive anaerobic bacillary 10.8 K/L) with 88.5% neutrophils and C-reactive protein commensal of the human oral cavity. Septicemia with this (CRP) 7.02 mg/L (reference range: 0.03–0.49 mg/dL). Only organism is uncommon and poses an increased risk of one set of blood cultures was drawn prior to empirically subacute and chronic granulomatous inflammation, which starting vancomycin and ceftriaxone (the patient had a can affect all organ systems via hematogenous spread [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Fatal Subdural Empyema Caused by Streptococcus Constellatus and Actinomyces Viscosus in a Childdcase Report
    Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection (2011) 44, 394e396 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.e-jmii.com CASE REPORT Fatal subdural empyema caused by Streptococcus constellatus and Actinomyces viscosus in a childdCase report Asma Bouziri a,*, Ammar Khaldi a, Hane`ne Smaoui b, Khaled Menif a, Nejla Ben Jaballah a a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Tunis, Place Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia b Department of Microbiology, Children’s Hospital of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia Received 4 August 2009; received in revised form 21 January 2010; accepted 21 March 2010 KEYWORDS Group milleri streptococci that colonize the mouth and the upper airways are generally Actinomyces viscosus; considered to be commensal. In combination with anaerobics, they are rarely responsible Empyema; for brain abscesses in patients with certain predisposing factors. Mortality in such cases Streptococcus is high and complications are frequent. We present a case of fatal subdural empyema constellatus; caused by Streptococcus constellatus and Actinomyces viscosus in a previously healthy Subdural 7-year-old girl. Copyright ª 2011, Taiwan Society of Microbiology. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved. Introduction intestinal, and urogenital tract.1 After translocation into otherwise sterile sites, they may cause purulent infections Group milleri streptococci (GMS) comprise a heterogeneous and abscess formation mostly among seriously compro- group of streptococci, including the species intermedius, mised patients. Actinomyces
    [Show full text]
  • Case Report To
    Nigerian Veterinary Journal Vol 31(1):80-86 CASE REPORT ACTINOMYCOSIS IN A WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT IN NIGERIA. OYEKUNLE1, M.A., TALABI2*, A.O, AGBAJE1, M., ONI2, O.O, ADEBAYO3, A.O., OLUDE3, M.A., OYEWUSI2, I.K. and AKINDUTI1, P.A. 1Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, 2Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, 3Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. *Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +234-8023234495 INTRODUCTION Actinomycosis, also called Lumpy jaw is a chronic, progressive, indurated, granulomatous, suppurative abscess that most frequently involves the mandible, the maxillae or other bony tissues in the head. It is a sporadic but common disease in cattle, occasional in pigs and horses and rarely in goats (Radostits et al., 2007). Members of the genus Actinomyces are Gram positive, non-acid fast, non-spore forming rods (Songer and Post, 2005) that form a mycelium of branching filaments that fragment into irregular-sized rods (Blood et al., 2007). The species that commonly cause disease in domestic animals include A. bovis, A. hordeovulneris, A. hyovaginalis, A. israelii, A. naeslundii, A. suis, A. viscosus and Arcanobacterium pyogenes (Songer and Post, 2005). Actinomyces bovis is a common inhabitant of the bovine mouth and infection is presumed to occur through wounds to the buccal mucosa caused by sharp pieces of feed or foreign material. Infection may also occur through dental alveoli, and may account for the more common occurrence of the disease in young cattle when the teeth are erupting (Radostits et al., 2007). Actinomyces viscosus causes periodontal disease and subgingival plaques in hamsters fed a high carbohydrate diet, and also abscessation in dogs (Timoney et al., 1988) in which it is an opportunistic infection (Blood et al., 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Prevotella Intermedia
    The principles of identification of oral anaerobic pathogens Dr. Edit Urbán © by author Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine ESCMID Online University of Lecture Szeged, Hungary Library Oral Microbiological Ecology Portrait of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) by Jan Verkolje Leeuwenhook in 1683-realized, that the film accumulated on the surface of the teeth contained diverse structural elements: bacteria Several hundred of different© bacteria,by author fungi and protozoans can live in the oral cavity When these organisms adhere to some surface they form an organizedESCMID mass called Online dental plaque Lecture or biofilm Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Gram-negative anaerobes Non-motile rods: Motile rods: Bacteriodaceae Selenomonas Prevotella Wolinella/Campylobacter Porphyromonas Treponema Bacteroides Mitsuokella Cocci: Veillonella Fusobacterium Leptotrichia © byCapnophyles: author Haemophilus A. actinomycetemcomitans ESCMID Online C. hominis, Lecture Eikenella Library Capnocytophaga Gram-positive anaerobes Rods: Cocci: Actinomyces Stomatococcus Propionibacterium Gemella Lactobacillus Peptostreptococcus Bifidobacterium Eubacterium Clostridium © by author Facultative: Streptococcus Rothia dentocariosa Micrococcus ESCMIDCorynebacterium Online LectureStaphylococcus Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Microbiology of periodontal disease The periodontium consist of gingiva, periodontial ligament, root cementerum and alveolar bone Bacteria cause virtually all forms of inflammatory
    [Show full text]
  • New Medium for Isolation of Actinomyces Viscosus and Actinomyces Naeslundii from Dental Plaque
    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, June 1978, p. 514-518 Vol. 7, No. 6 0095-1137/78/0007-0514$02.00/0 Copyright i 1978 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. New Medium for Isolation of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii from Dental Plaque K. S. KORNMAN* AND W. J. LOESCHE Department ofMicrobiology, School ofMedicine, and Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Received for publication 25 November 1977 Metronidazole (10ltg/ml) and cadmium sulfate (20 ,ug/ml) were added to a gelatin-based medium to select for microaerophilic Actinomyces species from dental plaque samples. The new medium (GMC), when incubated anaerobically, allowed 98% recovery of seven pure cultures of Actinomyces viscosus and 73% recovery of eight pure cultures ofActinomyces naeslundii, while suppressing 76% of the total count of other orgnisms in dental plaque samples. In 203 plaque samples, recoveries of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii on GMC and another selective medium for oral Actinomyces (CNAC-20) were compared. Recovery of A. viscosus was comparable on the two media. Recovery of A. naeslundii was significantly higher on GMC than CNAC-20 (P < 0.001), and GMC allowed a more characteristic cell morphology of both organisms. GMC medium appears to be useful for the isolation and presumptive identification of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii from dental plaque. Gram-positive pleomorphic rods belonging to ical Actinomyces cell morphology when incu- the genus Actinomyces are frequent isolates bated anaerobically, but overgrowth of plaque from human dental plaque. These organisms anaerobes is then a common occurrence.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Actinomycosis: Surrogate Marker of a Poor Prognosis in Immunocompromised Patients
    International Journal of Infectious Diseases 29 (2014) 74–79 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Infectious Diseases jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijid Invasive actinomycosis: surrogate marker of a poor prognosis in immunocompromised patients a a b c,d Isabelle Pierre , Virginie Zarrouk , Latifa Noussair , Jean-Michel Molina , a,d, Bruno Fantin * a Service de Me´decine Interne, Hoˆpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique Hoˆpitaux de Paris, 100 boulevard du ge´ne´ral Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France b Service de Microbiologie, Hoˆpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique Hoˆpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France c Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hoˆpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique Hoˆpitaux de Paris, Paris, France d Universite´ Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite´, Paris, France A R T I C L E I N F O S U M M A R Y Article history: Objectives: Actinomycosis is a rare disease favored by disruption of the mucosal barrier. In order to Received 21 March 2014 investigate the impact of immunosuppression on outcome we analyzed the most severe cases observed Received in revised form 12 June 2014 in patients hospitalized in three tertiary care centers. Accepted 13 June 2014 Methods: We reviewed all cases of proven invasive actinomycosis occurring over a 12-year period Corresponding Editor: Eskild Petersen, (1997 to 2009) in three teaching hospitals in the Paris area. Aarhus, Denmark Results: Thirty-three patients (16 male) were identified as having an invasive actinomycosis requiring hospitalization. The diagnosis was made by microbiological identification in 26 patients, pathological Keywords: examination in eight patients, and by both methods in one.
    [Show full text]
  • Actinomycosis, a Lurking Threat: a Report of 11 Cases and Literature Review
    Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 51(1):7-13, January-February, 2018 doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0215-2017 Review Article Actinomycosis, a lurking threat: a report of 11 cases and literature review Catarina Oliveira Paulo[1], Sofia Jordão[1], João Correia-Pinto[2], Fernando Ferreira[3] and Isabel Neves[1] [1]. Infectious Diseases Unit, Medical Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano - Matosinhos Local Health Unit, Matosinhos, Portugal. [2]. Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano - Matosinhos Local Health Unit, Matosinhos, Portugal. [3]. Department of General Surgery, Hospital Pedro Hispano - Matosinhos Local Health Unit, Matosinhos, Portugal. Abstract Actinomycosis remains characteristically uncommon, but is still an important cause of morbidity. Its clinical presentation is usually indolent and chronic as slow growing masses that can evolve into fistulae, and for that reason are frequently underdiagnosed. Actinomyces spp is often disregarded clinically and is classified as a colonizing microorganism. In this review of literature, we concomitantly present 11 cases of actinomycosis with different localizations, diagnosed at a tertiary hospital between 2009 and 2016. We outline the findings of at least one factor of immunosuppression in > 90% of the reported cases. Keywords: Actinomycosis. Immunosuppression. Infection. Underdiagnosis. INTRODUCTION There are multiple possible focalizations, the most frequently described being oro-cervicofacial (55%) and abdominal- Actinomycosis is uncommon, indolent, and chronic, and is pelvic (20%). The abdomino-pelvic focalization is frequently caused by the microorganism Actinomyces spp. Its incidence associated with a past history of perforated appendicitis12,13 has diminished globally due to improved oral hygiene and or with the prolonged use of an intrauterine device (IUD)14,15.
    [Show full text]
  • Actinomyces Hordeovulneris Sp. Nov. an Agent of Canine Actinomycosis AUDRIA M
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY, OCt. 1984, p. 439-443 Vol. 34, No. 4 0020-7713/84/040439-05$02.00/0 Copyright 0 1984, International Union of Microbiological Societies Actinomyces hordeovulneris sp. nov. an Agent of Canine Actinomycosis AUDRIA M. BUCHANAN,'" JAMON L. SCOTT,172MARY ANN GERENCSER,4 BLAINE L. BEAMAN,3 SPENCER JANG,2 AND ERNST L. BIBERSTEIN' Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology' and Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital,2 School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine,3 University of Califarnia, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Microbiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 2650tj4 Of 30 Actinomyces strains isolated from infections in dogs, 15 were found to have galactose, glucose, and rhamnose in their cell wall carbohydrates, whereas the remainder had only galactose and glucose. No 6- deoxytalose was detected in any of our analyses. The biochemical characteristics of the rhamnose-positive strains deficient in 6-deoxytalose were similar to those of Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 19246 and ATCC 27045, a reference dog strain. In contrast, the 15 strains having only galactose and glucose in their wall carbohydrates had biochemical and serological characteristics unlike those of any previously accepted species of Actinomyces. The name Actinomyces hordeovulneris sp. nov. is proposed for this organism which is associated with thoracic, abdominal, or recurrent localized infections that sometimes are associated with awns of foxtails (Hordeum spp). The type strain of A. hordeovulneris is strain ATCC 35275 (= UCD 81-332-9). Strains of Actinomyces are agents of abscesses or system- recognition of its frequent clinical association with migrating ic infections in dogs.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Actinomyces Species in Health and Disease: Identification, Occurrence and Importance of Early Colonization
    Nanna Sarkonen Oral Actinomyces Species in Health and Disease: Identification, Occurrence and Importance of Early Colonization Publications of the National Public Health Institute A 8/2007 Department of Bacterial and Inflammatory Diseases National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland Helsinki 2007 ORAL ACTINOMYCES SPECIES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE: IDENTIFICATION, OCCURRENCE AND IMPORTANCE OF EARLY COLONIZATION Nanna Sarkonen ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented with the permission of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, for public examination in the Small Hall, University Main Building, Fabianinkatu 33, on June 15 th, at 12 noon. Department of Bacterial and Inflammatory Diseases National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland Helsinki 2007 Publications of the National Public Health Institute KTL A8 / 2007 Copyright National Public Health Institute Julkaisija-Utgivare-Publisher Kansanterveyslaitos (KTL) Mannerheimintie 166 00300 Helsinki Puh. vaihde (09) 474 41, telefax (09) 4744 8408 Folkhälsoinstitutet Mannerheimvägen 166 00300 Helsingfors Tel. växel (09) 474 41, telefax (09) 4744 8408 National Public Health Institute Mannerheimintie 166 FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland Telephone +358 9 474 41, telefax +358 9 4744 8408 ISBN 951-740-704-5 ISSN 0359-3584 ISBN 951-740-705-2 (pdf) ISSN 1458-6290 (pdf) Edita Prima Oy Helsinki 2007 Supervised by Professor Eija Könönen
    [Show full text]
  • Actinomycosis in Histopathology - Review of Literature
    L. Veenakumari, C. Sridevi. Actinomycosis in histopathology - Review of literature. IAIM, 2017; 4(9): 195-206. Review Article Actinomycosis in histopathology - Review of literature L. Veenakumari1*, C. Sridevi2 1Professor, 2Assistant Professor Department of Pathology, Mallareddy Medical College for Women, Suraram, Quthbullapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India *Corresponding author email:[email protected] International Archives of Integrated Medicine, Vol. 4, Issue 9, September, 2017. Copy right © 2017, IAIM, All Rights Reserved. Available online athttp://iaimjournal.com/ ISSN: 2394-0026 (P)ISSN: 2394-0034 (O) Received on: 22-08-2017 Accepted on:28-08-2017 Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None declared. How to cite this article: L. Veenakumari, C. Sridevi. Actinomycosis in histopathology - Review of literature. IAIM, 2017; 4(9): 195-206. Abstract Actinomycosis is a chronic, suppurative granulomatous inflammation caused by Actinomyces israelli which is a gram positive organism that is a normal commensal in humans. Multiple clinical features of actinomycosis have been described, as various anatomical sites can be affected. It most commonly affects the head and neck (50%). In any site, actinomycosis frequently mimics malignancy, tuberculosis or nocardiosis. Physicians must be aware of clinical presentations but also that actinomycosis mimicking malignancy. In most cases, diagnosis is often possible after surgical exploration. Following the confirmation of diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy with high doses of Penicillin G or Amoxicillin is required. This article is intended to review the clinical presentations, histopathology and complications of actinomycosis in various sites of the body. Key words Actinomycosis, Actinomyces, Sulphur granules, Histopathology, Filamentous bacteria. Introduction Actinomyces is a filamentous gram positive Actinomyces,”ray fungus” (Greek actin-ray, bacteria of genus Actinobacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Author Section
    AUTHOR SECTION patients who may be treated in the outpatient setting with oral M antimicrobials from patients in whom hospitalization and parenteral therapy is appropriate. Over the past decade, dramatic escalation in antimicrobial resistance among common respiratory pathogens poses Macartney K.K. et al. Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections: the obstacles to antibiotic choices.We review the microbiology of com- cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of infection control. Pediatrics. 2000; munity-acquired pneumonia, and the therapeutic strategies that are 106(3) : 520-6.p Abstract: OBJECTIVE:To determine the cost- clinically and cost effective. effectiveness and cost-benefit of an infection control program to reduce nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) transmission in Lyon W.R. et al. A role for trigger factor and an rgg-like regulator in the tran- a large pediatric hospital. DESIGN: RSV nosocomial infection (NI) scription, secretion and processing of the cysteine proteinase of Streptococcus was studied for 8 years, before and after intervention with a target- pyogenes. EMBO J. 1998; 17(21) : 6263-75.p Abstract: The abili- ed infection control program.The cost-effectiveness of the interven- ty of numerous microorganisms to cause disease relies upon the tion was calculated, and cost-benefit was estimated by a case-control highly regulated expression of secreted proteinases. In this study, comparison. SETTING: Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, a 304- mutagenesis with a novel derivative of Tn4001 was used to identify bed pediatric hospital. PATIENTS: All inpatients with RSV infec- genes required for the expression of the secreted cysteine proteinase tion, both community- and hospital-acquired. INTERVENTION: (SCP) of the pathogenic Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus Consisted of early recognition of patients with respiratory symp- pyogenes.
    [Show full text]
  • A Sticky Situation: a Case of Actinomyces Viscosus Vertebral Osteomyelitis
    Case report J. Bone Joint Infect., 6, 39–42, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-6-39-2020 JBJI © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under Journal of Bone the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. and Joint Infection Open Access A sticky situation: a case of Actinomyces viscosus vertebral osteomyelitis Stephanie L. Grach1 and Aaron J. Tande2 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, USA 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, USA Correspondence: Stephanie L. Grach ([email protected]) Received: 13 May 2020 – Revised: 23 July 2020 – Accepted: 24 July 2020 – Published: 9 September 2020 Abstract. Actinomyces viscosus is an oral bacterium that is rarely virulent in humans, with most case presen- tations involving dental and maxillofacial infections. We describe the first reported case of A. viscosus vertebral osteomyelitis in a patient who had a significant response to penicillin after minimal response to cephalosporin therapy. 1 Introduction imal destruction of the inferior endplate of L2, and accompa- nying inflammatory phlegmon extending laterally to the right Actinomyces viscosus is an anaerobic gram positive bacillus greater than left psoas muscles; no discrete abscess was iden- that colonizes the oral cavity in up to 70 % of individuals, tified (Fig. 1). Based on these radiological findings, she was with few instances of pathogenicity outside of dental cases instructed to seek admission to the hospital for vertebral os- (Eng et al., 1981). Osteomyelitis as a manifestation of A. vis- teomyelitis. Orthopedic Infectious Disease was consulted for cosus infection has been reported in the mandible and rib; further workup and management.
    [Show full text]