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Geological Survey of Michigan Lower Peninsula 1896-1900 Vol. Vii Part Ii

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Geological Survey of Michigan Lower Peninsula 1896-1900 Vol. Vii Part Ii GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF MICHIGAN § 2. Level of Lake Huron.............................................17 ALFRED C. LANE, STATE GEOLOGIST § 3. Types of shore line...............................................19 (a) Mud flat ............................................................ 19 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF MICHIGAN (b) sand beach....................................................... 20 LOWER PENINSULA (c) cliff and shingle................................................. 20 1896-1900 § 4. Explanation of contour map. ................................21 § 5. Tables of altitudes. ...............................................21 VOL. VII (a) Lake survey bench marks ................................ 21 PART II (b 1) Port Austin Division....................................... 22 GEOLOGICAL REPORT ON HURON COUNTY (b 2) Harbor Beach Division, Pere Marquette R.R.22 MICHIGAN (b 3) Pontiac, Oxford & Northern R.R.................... 22 (c 1) Preliminary line of Saginaw, Tuscola & Huron BY R.R......................................................................... 23 ALFRED C. LANE (c 2) Goodman Logging Road: .............................. 23 (c 3) Main line Saginaw, Tuscola and Huron R.R..23 ACCOMPANIED BY ELEVEN PLATES AND TWELVE (c 4) Survey from Sebewaing to limestone FIGURES INCLUDING TWO COLORED MAPS quarries.................................................................. 23 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LAWS OF (c 5) Survey from Sebewaing to Kilmanagh, and MICHIGAN Caseville. ............................................................... 24 UNDER THE DIRECTION OF (d) Miscellaneous data from Mr. W. L. Webber..... 24 THE BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (e) Cross-section near Port Austin. ....................... 24 LANSING (f) Altitudes obtained by barometer. ...................... 24 ROBERT SMITH PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS AND BINDERS § 6. The hill district. .....................................................25 1900 § 7. The plain district. ..................................................25 Entered, according to Act of Congress in the year 1900, by GOVERNOR HAZEN S. PINGREE § 8. The eastern shore. ...............................................26 for the State of Michigan, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, § 9. The western shore. ..............................................26 Washington. CHAPTER IV. FORMATION OF THE SOILS AND SUBSOILS (PLEISTOCENE)..........................................27 Contents § 1. The preglacial surface..........................................27 § 2. The ice age. (Glacial epoch.) ..............................27 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION. ....................................... 3 § 3. The ice retreat. (Early Champlain or terrace § 1. Historical................................................................ 3 epoch.) .........................................................................28 § 2. Previous geological reports, Houghton, Winchell, § 4. Lake retreat (later terrace or recent epoch). ........33 Rominger. ...................................................................... 3 § 5. Time estimates.....................................................35 § 3. Recent work........................................................... 4 CHAPTER V. STRATIGRAPHY, DISTRIBUTION AND § 4. Acknowledgments. ................................................ 5 STRUCTURE OF THE ROCKS. .....................................38 § 5. Maps...................................................................... 6 § 1. The Cuyahoga or Coldwater shales.....................38 CHAPTER II. GEOLOGICAL COLUMN.......................... 6 § 2. The Marshall sandstones.....................................39 § 1. Pleistocene, i. e., unconsolidated materials, soils, § 3. Lower Grand Rapids, Michigan series.*...............43 and subsoils................................................................... 6 § 4. Bayport (Maxville) limestone................................45 § 2. Coal measures of Sebewaing) .............................. 7 § 5. Coal measures. ....................................................49 § 3. Maxville limestone of Bayport................................ 8 § 4. Michigan series...................................................... 8 § 5. Marshall series .................................................... 10 List of Illustrations § 6. Napoleon or Upper Marshall sandstone.............. 10 § 7. Lower Marshall series.......................................... 11 Plates § 8. Coldwater shales................................................. 13 Plate I. Geological column, showing the succession of rocks § 9. Formations not exposed at surface ..................... 15 beneath Huron county, adapted to fit wells of Sebewaing, Berea shale, Berea grit, Ohio, i. e., Bedford, Bayport and Caseville. ...................................................52 Cleveland, Erie, and Huron shales, Traverse Plate II. View at Point aux Barques, looking southeast; group and Helderberg limestones. ....................15 showing the resemblance of the sandstone ledges to CHAPTER III. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF HURON boats drawn up on shore, the undercutting action of the COUNTY. ........................................................................ 16 waves, and the Algonquin terrace ....................................4 § 1. Introduction, relation of physical geography and Plate III. Illustration of the Point aux Barques sandstone; geology. ....................................................................... 16 showing the undercutting of the waves on the weaker layers beneath, and the cross-bedding ..........................13 Volume VII, Part II -- Chapters 1-5 – Page 1 of 52 Plate IV. Illustrating the sand beach type of shore line. The OFFICE OF THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, beach near Point aux Barques, looking toward Burnt LANSING, MICHIGAN, Sept. 15, 1900. Cabin Point.....................................................................20 Plate VI. The glacial geology of the thumb,—after F. B. To the Honorable, the Board of Geological Survey of Taylor .............................................................................29 Michigan: HON. HAZEN S. PINGREE, President. Figures HON. PERRY F. POWERS. HON. JASON E. HAMMOND, Secretary. Figure 1. The Flagstaff (or Bowsprit) at Point aux Barques.....3 GENTLEMEN—Herewith I transmit as Part II of Vol. VII, a Figure 2. After Keyes, showing the oscillations of the shore report on the geology of Huron county, the Thumb of line....................................................................................9 Lower Michigan. Like Part I, 500 copies are issued Figure 3. Illustrates the relation of sand and gravel ridges, separately, while 1,000 are bound in the complete boulder benches and flat sandstone exposures to ancient volume. Of Chapter IX, 100 copies have been printed water levels. ...................................................................33 for Prof. C. A. Davis, and the same number of § 2 and of Figure 4. Illustrating the relative strength of the water lines at § 3 of Chapter X for my co-adjutors Bryant Walker, Esq., various levels in Huron county, Michigan. ......................36 and Mr. W. F. Cooper. Figure 5. Ideal view of Point aux Barques lighthouse, showing I trust this report may aid the residents and well drillers the conglomerate and the fault. ......................................38 of the county in getting good water supplies, may save Figure 6. Sketch map of the eastern part of Huron county, money in proving up the resources of the county in coal, showing by contours the shape and depth of the top of the gypsum, limestone, and grindstone, and may call Napoleon sandstone,—the best source of water............43 attention to the probable value of the shale deposits. Just at the moment I notice items in the daily press Figure 7. Illustration of section on Big Charity Island, showing discordance in the Bayport limestone. Completed so as concerning lead, a subject which I have also examined. to show the lower badns as we observed them, in dots.46 To my fellow geologists it may be interesting to see what Figure 8. Beds as given at Bayport quarries..........................48 can be done with the sub-surface geology, when outcrops are very rare, by means of records and tests of Figure 9. Cross-section from Bayport quarries southwest, farmer's wells. showing the relations of present surface, rock surface, flowing wells, and varying water level at point of intake..49 It will probably be of use to them also to have the Figure 10. Sketch map of Saginaw coal region, showing Marshall of this region more fully treated, and a definite location of some of the exploratory borings. The mines and detailed geological column made out, covering the have not been mapped, but the dotted line indicates the dividing line between Devonian and Carboniferous. danger line or area within which the workings are probably confined. ..........................................................50 I feel that I ought to call attention here as well as in the text to the important help which I have received from Figure 11. Illustrating the relations of the coal and the fault at Messrs. Davis, Gordon, Walker and Cooper, whose Sebewaing. This is a cross-section in a generally names ought almost to have appeared on the title page, westerly direction, but the shafts and borings shown are and also to the fact that the work of preparation of this not in line. .......................................................................50 report, though always in my charge, was largely done during the administration
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