DOCSLIB.ORG

Giant Gippsland Earthworm Surveys at Three Sites Within the Lang Lang

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Giant Gippsland Earthworm survey at a site of a proposed rezoning, Jumbunna Rd, Korumburra February 2012 PREPAREDPREPARED FOR: FOR: REPORT AUTHOR: PREPARED FOR: Company Name Goes Here Dr. Beverley Van Praagh Company Name Goes Here Second Line of Text Here REPORT AUTHOR: Second Line of Text Here REPORT AUTHOR: BeveridgeThird Line Williams of Text & CoHere Pty Ltd Dr. Beverley Van Praagh 52A ThirdBair Street Line of Text Here Dr. Beverley Van Praagh PO Box 161 Leongatha Vic 3953 INVERT-ECO 1 Giant Gippsland Earthworm survey at Jumbunna Rd, Korumburra REPORT - Giant Gippsland Earthworm survey of site of a proposed rezoning, Jumbunna Rd, Korumburra Report by Beverley Van Praagh INVERT-ECO ABN 96 817 328 909 25 Jacaranda Place Craigieburn, Victoria 3064 Tel/Fax: 03 9305 5154 Mobile: 0402 572 443 On Behalf Of Beveridge Williams & Co Pty Ltd 52A Bair Street PO Box 161 Leongatha Vic 3953 Final Version February 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author thanks the following people for their contribution to the project, Neil Breeden (Beveridge Williams) for project and site information Mr Winterhalter and Mr Cellante (property owners) for site access Matt Killin for assistance in the field Cover Photo: Megascolides australis and subject land© INVERT-ECO Abbreviations DSE: Department of Sustainability and Environment EPBC Act: Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 FFG Act: Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 Copyright ©INVERT-ECO This document is subject to copyright and may only be used for the purposes for which it was commissioned. Disclaimer Although due diligence was used by INVERT-ECO in the preparation of this report, INVERT-ECO takes no liability for any damages or loss incurred as a result of reliance placed upon this report and its contents. INVERT-ECO 2 Giant Gippsland Earthworm survey at Jumbunna Rd, Korumburra TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 4 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 5 1.1 Background ............................................................................................. 5 1.2 Scope of Assessment ............................................................................... 5 1.3 Study area ............................................................................................... 5 1.4 Giant Gippsland Earthworm .................................................................... 8 2 METHODOLGY ................................................................................................ 9 2.1 Field Survey ............................................................................................. 9 2.3 Assessment Qualifications and Limitations .............................................. 9 3 RESULTS ........................................................................................................10 4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS .....................................................................................12 4.1 Key Threats ............................................................................................12 4.2 Potential Impacts ...................................................................................12 5 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND LEGISLATION ................................................12 5.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 ............12 6 CONTINGENCY PLAN......................................................................................13 7 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................14 FIGURES Figure 1 Location of subject land ........................................................................................................ 6 Figure 2 Location of sites 1 & 2 within subject land at Jumbunna Road, Korumburra...................... 7 PLATES Plate 1 Steep, north western slope of Site 1 ..................................................................................................... 10 Plate 2 North-eastern view across Site 2 .......................................................................................................... 11 Plate 3 Shallow banks of drainage channels at Site 2 ....................................................................................... 11 ATTACHMENT 1 Contingency Plan for the accidental unearthing of Giant Gippsland Earthworms INVERT-ECO 3 Giant Gippsland Earthworm survey at Jumbunna Rd, Korumburra SUMMARY Introduction INVERT-ECO was commissioned by Beveridge Williams Pty Ltd to undertake a targeted survey for the Giant Gippsland Earthworm (GGE), Megascolides australis at a site of a proposed rezoning south of the township of Korumburra, South Gippsland. The subject land, situated adjacent to Jumbunna Road, Korumburra comprises two properties referred to as Site 1 (Lot 2 LP139825) and Site 2 (Lot 2 LP139824 & Lot 4 LP135303) and is currently zoned Farming (FZ). This report provides the results of a targeted field assessment of the subject land to identify any GGE populations in order to address legislative and planning requirements by South Gippsland Shire Council and the Department of Sustainability and Environment as part of the planning process. This assessment will facilitate the planning process for a proposed rezoning and subsequent subdivision of the subject land. Methods A field survey of the subject land was undertaken on February 6th 2012. An on ground assessment was undertaken to identify areas of suitable habitat for targeted sampling. Sampling involved digging soil quadrats to look for evidence of the worm including burrows and cast (waste) material and walking over the site listening for gurgles. Results No evidence of Giant Gippsland Earthworms was located within Site 1 or 2 and very little potential habitat was identified. Giant Gippsland Earthworms are usually associated with sites comprising clay soils that retain moisture all year but support adequate drainage. While both sites contain soils often occupied by GGE, they did not support the appropriate hydrological conditions required to provide suitable earthworm habitat. Potential impacts and mitigation measures As no evidence of GGEs was found within Site 1 or 2, there are no legislative requirements and no anticipated impacts from development of the site in relation to this species. A contingency plan is provided describing the procedure should any undetected GGE colonies be accidentally uncovered during site works (section 6). INVERT-ECO 4 Giant Gippsland Earthworm survey at Jumbunna Rd, Korumburra 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background INVERT-ECO was commissioned by Beveridge Williams Pty Ltd to undertake a targeted survey for the Giant Gippsland Earthworm (GGE), Megascolides australis at two adjoining properties adjacent to Jumbunna Road, Korumburra, South Gippsland. The subject land referred to as Site 1 (Lot 2 LP139825) and Site 2 (Lot 2 LP139824 & Lot 4 LP135303) is currently zoned Farming (FZ). The purpose of this report is to provide an assessment of the subject land to identify any GGE populations in order to address legislative and planning requirements by South Gippsland Shire Council and the Department of Sustainability and Environment. This assessment will facilitate the planning process for a proposed rezoning and subsequent subdivision of the subject land. The Giant Gippsland Earthworm is listed as Vulnerable under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and Threatened under the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (FFG Act) (see section 1.4 and attachment 1) for further background information on GGE). The species is known to occur approximately 1.4 km north-west of the subject land (Van Praagh personal observations). 1.2 Scope of Assessment The specific tasks required of this assessment are: Undertake a targeted field survey for the Giant Gippsland Earthworm within the subject land; Provide an assessment of the potential impacts associated with the proposed site development if GGEs are recorded during the survey; Describe any opportunities to avoid or mitigate these potential impacts. 1.3 Study area The study area is situated approximately 1.5 km south-west of the township of Korumburra, South Gippsland, approximately 120 km south-east of Melbourne (Figure 1). Site 1 Site 1 occurs to the north-east of Sommers Crescent and comprises 6.7 ha. of land largely cleared for grazing (Figure 2). The topography is moderate to steep with a north to north- westerly aspect. The section of the site adjacent to Jumbunna Rd is lower and subject to INVERT-ECO 5 Giant Gippsland Earthworm survey at Jumbunna Rd, Korumburra water-logging. A small stand of Blackwoods (Acacia melanoxylon) is present as a wind break on the property. Site 2 Site 2 encompasses two parcels of land comprising 12.2 ha. situated to the south of Sommers Crescent (see Fig 2). The site consists primarily of pasture grasses with a large stand of willows (Salix sp) in the north western section of the site and additional willows scattered throughout. The site has a predominantly northern aspect, sloping down toward Jumbunna Rd where the site includes flatter areas prone to water-logging. Several drainage channels traverse the property. A large dam is present in the south-west corner of the site. KORUMBURRA Figure 1 Location of subject land INVERT-ECO 6 Giant Gippsland Earthworm survey at Jumbunna Rd, Korumburra Figure 2 Location of sites 1 & 2 at Jumbunna
Recommended publications
  • Chapter XXV —Class Oligochaeta

    Chapter XXV —Class Oligochaeta

    Chapter XXV —Class Oligochaeta (Aquatic Worms)- Phylum Annelida Oligochaetes are common in most freshwater habitats, but they are often ignored by freshwater biologists because they are thought to be extraordinarily difficult to identify. The extensive taxo- nomic work done since 1960 by Brinkhurst and others, however, has enabled routine identifica- tion of most of our freshwater oligochaetes from simple whole mounts. Some aquatic worms closely resemble terrestrial earthworms while others can be much narrower or thread-like. Many aquatic worms can tolerate low dissolved oxygen and may be found in large numbers in organi- cally polluted habitats. Aquatic worms can be distinguished by: (Peckarsky et al., 1990) • Body colour may be red, tan, brown or black. • Cylindrical, thin (some are very thin), segmented body may be upto 5 inches. • May have short bristles or hairs (setae) that help with movement (usually not visible). • Moves by stretching and pulling its body along in a worm-like fashion. Four families in the orders Tubificida and Lumbriculida are common in freshwater in northeastern North America: the Tubificidae, Naididae, Lumbriculidae, and Enchytraeidae. In addition, fresh- water biologists sometimes encounter lumbricine oligochaetes (order Lumbricina; the familiar earthworms), haplotaxid oligochaetes (order Haplotaxida; rare inhabitants of groundwater), Aeolosoma (class Aphanoneura; small worms once classified with the oligochaetes), and Manayunkia speciosa (class Polychaeta) in waters of northeastern North America. (Peckarsky et al., 1990). The two families, Naididae and Tubificidae form 80 to 100% of the annelid communi- ties in the benthos of most streams and lakes at all trophic levels. They range in size from 0.1 cm in Naididae to 3 or 4 cm in relaxed length in Lumbricidae, the family that contains the earth- worms.

  • Size Variation and Geographical Distribution of the Luminous Earthworm Pontodrilus Litoralis (Grube, 1855) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southeast Asia and Japan

    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 862: 23–43 (2019) Size variation and distribution of Pontodrilus litoralis 23 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.862.35727 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Size variation and geographical distribution of the luminous earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southeast Asia and Japan Teerapong Seesamut1,2,4, Parin Jirapatrasilp2, Ratmanee Chanabun3, Yuichi Oba4, Somsak Panha2 1 Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 2 Ani- mal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 3 Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand 4 Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan Corresponding authors: Somsak Panha ([email protected]), Yuichi Oba ([email protected]) Academic editor: Samuel James | Received 24 April 2019 | Accepted 13 June 2019 | Published 9 July 2019 http://zoobank.org/663444CA-70E2-4533-895A-BF0698461CDF Citation: Seesamut T, Jirapatrasilp P, Chanabun R, Oba Y, Panha S (2019) Size variation and geographical distribution of the luminous earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southeast Asia and Japan. ZooKeys 862: 23–42. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.862.35727 Abstract The luminous earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) occurs in a very wide range of subtropical and tropical coastal areas. Morphometrics on size variation (number of segments, body length and diameter) and genetic analysis using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequence were conducted on 14 populations of P.
  • Composting Worms for Hawaii

    Composting Worms for Hawaii

    Home Garden Aug. 2005 HG-46 Composting Worms for Hawaii Piper Selden,1 Michael DuPonte,2 Brent Sipes,3 and Kelly Dinges2 1Hawaii Rainbow Worms, 2, 3CTAHR Departments of 2Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences and 3Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences Perionyx excavatus cocoon contains several fertilized eggs, which hatch in 2–3 weeks under suitable conditions. Reproductive rates Blue worm, India blue worm, Malaysian blue vary according to the temperature and environmental worm, traveling worm conditions, which in vermiculture depend on the maintenance of the composting system. Under favorable Origin conditions, blue worms may each produce about 20 offspring per week, which in turn will take 3–5 weeks Perionyx excavatus (Perrier 1872) is found over large to reach sexual maturity. areas of tropical Asia, including India, Malaysia, the Phillippines, and Australia. It is also found in parts of Uses South America, in Puerto Rico, and in some areas of Blue worm is an excellent composting worm and a the United States (south of the Mason Dixon line and prolific breeder given proper nutrient sources and in the Gulf Coast region). Naturalized populations of P. maintenance of its environment, particularly in tropical excavatus have been identified in Hawaii; how long it and subtropical locations. has been here is not known. Description 1 3 Perionyx excavatus is a small earthworm 1 ⁄4–2 ⁄4 inches long. Its front part is deep purple and its hind part is dark red or brown. It has an iridescent, blue-violet sheen on its skin that is visible in bright light. These worms are highly active and twitch when disturbed.
  • Phylogenetic and Phenetic Systematics of The

    Phylogenetic and Phenetic Systematics of The

    195 PHYLOGENETICAND PHENETICSYSTEMATICS OF THE OPISTHOP0ROUSOLIGOCHAETA (ANNELIDA: CLITELLATA) B.G.M. Janieson Departnent of Zoology University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia 4067 Received September20, L977 ABSTMCT: The nethods of Hennig for deducing phylogeny have been adapted for computer and a phylogran has been constructed together with a stereo- phylogran utilizing principle coordinates, for alL farnilies of opisthopor- ous oligochaetes, that is, the Oligochaeta with the exception of the Lunbriculida and Tubificina. A phenogran based on the sane attributes conpares unfavourably with the phyLogralnsin establishing an acceptable classification., Hennigrs principle that sister-groups be given equal rank has not been followed for every group to avoid elevation of the more plesionorph, basal cLades to inacceptabl.y high ranks, the 0ligochaeta being retained as a Subclass of the class Clitellata. Three orders are recognized: the LumbricuLida and Tubificida, which were not conputed and the affinities of which require further investigation, and the Haplotaxida, computed. The Order Haplotaxida corresponds preciseLy with the Suborder Opisthopora of Michaelsen or the Sectio Diplotesticulata of Yanaguchi. Four suborders of the Haplotaxida are recognized, the Haplotaxina, Alluroidina, Monil.igastrina and Lunbricina. The Haplotaxina and Monili- gastrina retain each a single superfanily and fanily. The Alluroidina contains the superfamiJ.y All"uroidoidea with the fanilies Alluroididae and Syngenodrilidae. The Lurnbricina consists of five superfaniLies.
  • Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of the Columbia River Basin Assessment Area

    Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of the Columbia River Basin Assessment Area

    United States Department of Agriculture Earthworms (Annelida: Forest Service Pacific Northwest Oligochaeta) of the Research Station United States Columbia River Basin Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Assessment Area Management General Technical Sam James Report PNW-GTR-491 June 2000 Author Sam Jamesis an Associate Professor, Department of Life Sciences, Maharishi University of Management, Fairfield, IA 52557-1056. Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of the Columbia River Basin Assessment Area Sam James Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project: Scientific Assessment Thomas M. Quigley, Editor U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Portland, Oregon General Technical Report PNW-GTR-491 June 2000 Preface The Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project was initiated by the USDA Forest Service and the USDI Bureau of Land Management to respond to several critical issues including, but not limited to, forest and rangeland health, anadromous fish concerns, terrestrial species viability concerns, and the recent decline in traditional commodity flows. The charter given to the project was to develop a scientifically sound, ecosystem-based strategy for managing the lands of the interior Columbia River basin administered by the USDA Forest Service and the USDI Bureau of Land Management. The Science Integration Team was organized to develop a framework for ecosystem management, an assessment of the socioeconomic biophysical systems in the basin, and an evalua- tion of alternative management strategies. This paper is one in a series of papers developed as back- ground material for the framework, assessment, or evaluation of alternatives. It provides more detail than was possible to disclose directly in the primary documents.
  • The Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus Americanus)

    The Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus Americanus)

    PETITION TO LIST The Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus americanus) AS A THREATENED OR ENDANGERED SPECIES UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT June 30, 2009 Friends of the Clearwater Center for Biological Diversity Palouse Audubon Palouse Prairie Foundation Palouse Group of the Sierra Club 1 June 30, 2009 Ken Salazar, Secretary of the Interior Robyn Thorson, Regional Director U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 1849 C Street N.W. Pacific Region Washington, DC 20240 911 NE 11th Ave Portland, Oregon Dear Secretary Salazar, Friends of the Clearwater, Center for Biological Diversity, Palouse Prairie Foundation, Palouse Audubon, Palouse Group of the Sierra Club and Steve Paulson formally petition to list the Giant Palouse Earthworm (Driloleirus americanus) as a threatened or endangered species pursuant to the Endangered Species Act (”ESA”), 16 U.S.C. §1531 et seq. This petition is filed under 5 U.S.C. 553(e) and 50 CFR 424.14 (1990), which grant interested parties the right to petition for issuance of a rule from the Secretary of Interior. Petitioners also request that critical habitat be designated for the Giant Palouse Earthworm concurrent with the listing, pursuant to 50 CFR 424.12, and pursuant to the Administrative Procedures Act (5 U.S.C. 553). The Giant Palouse Earthworm (D. americanus) is found only in the Columbia River Drainages of eastern Washington and Northern Idaho. Only four positive collections of this species have been made within the last 110 years, despite the fact that the earthworm was historically considered “very abundant” (Smith 1897). The four collections include one between Moscow, Idaho and Pullman, Washington, one near Moscow Mountain, Idaho, one at a prairie remnant called Smoot Hill and a fourth specimen near Ellensberg, Washington (Fender and McKey- Fender, 1990, James 2000, Sánchez de León and Johnson-Maynard, 2008).
  • Herpetofauna and Aquatic Macro-Invertebrate Use of the Kino Environmental Restoration Project (KERP)

    Herpetofauna and Aquatic Macro-Invertebrate Use of the Kino Environmental Restoration Project (KERP)

    Herpetofauna and Aquatic Macro-invertebrate Use of the Kino Environmental Restoration Project (KERP) Tucson, Pima County, Arizona Prepared for Pima County Regional Flood Control District Prepared by EPG, Inc. JANUARY 2007 - Plma County Regional FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT MEMORANDUM Water Resources Regional Flood Control District DATE: January 5,2007 TO: Distribution FROM: Julia Fonseca SUBJECT: Kino Ecosystem Restoration Project Report The Ed Pastor Environmental Restoration ProjectiKino Ecosystem Restoration Project (KERP) is becoming an extraordinary urban wildlife resource. As such, the Pima County Regional Flood Control District (PCRFCD) contracted with the Environmental Planning Group (EPG) to gather observations of reptiles, amphibians, and aquatic insects at KERP. Water quality was also examined. The purpose of the work was to provide baseline data on current wildlife use of the KERP site, and to assess water quality for post-project aquatic wildlife conditions. I additionally requested sampling of macroinvertebrates at Agua Caliente Park and Sweetwater Wetlands in hopes that the differences in aquatic wildlife among the three sites might provide insights into the different habitats offered by KERF'. The results One of the most important wildlife benefits that KERP provides is aquatic habitat without predatory bullfrogs and non- native fish. Most other constructed ponds and wetlands in Tucson, such as the Sweetwater Wetlands and Agua Caliente pond, are fuIl of non-native predators which devastate native fish, amphibians and aquatic reptiles. The KERP Wetlands may provide an opportunity for reestablishing declining native herpetofauna. Provided that non- native fish, bullfrogs or crayfish are not introduced, KERP appears to provide adequate habitat for Sonoran Mud Turtles (Kinosternon sonoriense), Lowland Leopard Frogs (Rana yavapaiensis), and Mexican Gartersnakes (Tharnnophis eques) and Southwestern Woodhouse Toad (Bufo woodhousii australis).
  • Checklist of New Zealand Earthworms Updated from Lee (1959) by R.J

    Checklist of New Zealand Earthworms Updated from Lee (1959) by R.J

    Checklist of New Zealand Earthworms updated from Lee (1959) by R.J. Blakemore August, 2006 COE fellow, Soil Ecology Group, Yokohama National Univeristy, Japan. Summary This review is based on Blakemore (2004) that updated the work completed over 40 years earlier by Lee (1959) as modified by Blakemore in Lee et al. , (2000) and in Glasby et al. (2007/8) based on the information presented at the "Species 2000" meeting held Jan. 2000 at Te Papa Museum in Wellington, New Zealand. In the current checklist Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae and Megascolecidae sensu Blakemore (2000b) are all given separate family status. Whereas Lee (1959) listed approximately 193 species, the current list has about 199 taxa. Because many of the natives have few reports, or are based on only a few specimens, approximately 77 are listed as "threatened" or "endangered" in Dept. Conservation threatened species list (see www.doc.govt.nz/Conservation/001~Plants-and-Animals/006~Threatened-species/Terrestrial-invertebrate-(part-one).asp April, 2005) and three species are detailed in McGuinness (2001). Further studies such as those of Springett & Grey (1998) are required. Currently I seek funding to complete my database into an interactive guide to species, to use to conduct surveys in New Zealand. Some of the changes in Blakemore (2004) from Lee (1959) are: • Microscolex macquariensis (Beddard, 1896) is removed from the list because it is known only from Macquarie Island, which is now claimed as Australian territory (see Blakemore, 2000b). • Megascolides orthostichon (Schmarda, 1861) is removed from the fauna as Fletcher (1886: 524) reported that “on the authority of Captain Hutton” this species was not from New Zealand and may be from Mt Wellington in Tasmania (see Blakemore, 2000b).
  • Arhynchobdellida (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Hirudinida): Phylogenetic Relationships and Evolution

    Arhynchobdellida (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Hirudinida): Phylogenetic Relationships and Evolution

    MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30 (2004) 213–225 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Arhynchobdellida (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Hirudinida): phylogenetic relationships and evolution Elizabeth Bordaa,b,* and Mark E. Siddallb a Department of Biology, Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA b Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA Received 15 July 2003; revised 29 August 2003 Abstract A remarkable diversity of life history strategies, geographic distributions, and morphological characters provide a rich substrate for investigating the evolutionary relationships of arhynchobdellid leeches. The phylogenetic relationships, using parsimony anal- ysis, of the order Arhynchobdellida were investigated using nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA, mitochondrial 12S rDNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data, as well as 24 morphological characters. Thirty-nine arhynchobdellid species were selected to represent the seven currently recognized families. Sixteen rhynchobdellid leeches from the families Glossiphoniidae and Piscicolidae were included as outgroup taxa. Analysis of all available data resolved a single most-parsimonious tree. The cladogram conflicted with most of the traditional classification schemes of the Arhynchobdellida. Monophyly of the Erpobdelliformes and Hirudini- formes was supported, whereas the families Haemadipsidae, Haemopidae, and Hirudinidae, as well as the genera Hirudo or Ali- olimnatis, were found not to be monophyletic. The results provide insight on the phylogenetic positions for the taxonomically problematic families Americobdellidae and Cylicobdellidae, the genera Semiscolex, Patagoniobdella, and Mesobdella, as well as genera traditionally classified under Hirudinidae. The evolution of dietary and habitat preferences is examined. Ó 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  • Asian Jumping Worm (Megascolecidae) Impacts on Physical and Biological Characteristics of Turfgrass Ecosystems

    Asian Jumping Worm (Megascolecidae) Impacts on Physical and Biological Characteristics of Turfgrass Ecosystems

    Colby College Digital Commons @ Colby Honors Theses Student Research 2019 Asian Jumping Worm (Megascolecidae) Impacts on Physical and Biological Characteristics of Turfgrass Ecosystems Ella L. Maddi Colby College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/honorstheses Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons Colby College theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed or downloaded from this site for the purposes of research and scholarship. Reproduction or distribution for commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the author. Recommended Citation Maddi, Ella L., "Asian Jumping Worm (Megascolecidae) Impacts on Physical and Biological Characteristics of Turfgrass Ecosystems" (2019). Honors Theses. Paper 965. https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/honorstheses/965 This Honors Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Colby. Asian Jumping Worm impacts (Megascolecidae) on Physical and Biological Characteristics of Turfgrass Ecosystems An Honors Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Department of Biology at Colby College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors By Ella Maddi Waterville, ME May 20, 2019 Asian Jumping Worm impacts (Megascolecidae) on Physical and Biological Characteristics of Turfgrass Ecosystems An Honors Thesis presented
  • Tropical Marine Invertebrates CAS BI 569 Phylum ANNELIDA by J

    Tropical Marine Invertebrates CAS BI 569 Phylum ANNELIDA by J

    Tropical Marine Invertebrates CAS BI 569 Phylum ANNELIDA by J. R. Finnerty Phylum ANNELIDA Porifera Ctenophora Cnidaria Deuterostomia Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Hemichordata Onychophora Mollusca Echinodermata Nematoda Platyhelminthes Acoelomorpha Silicispongiae Calcispongia PROTOSTOMIA “BILATERIA” (=TRIPLOBLASTICA) Bilateral symmetry (?) Mesoderm (triploblasty) Phylum ANNELIDA Porifera Ctenophora Cnidaria Deuterostomia Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Hemichordata Onychophora Mollusca Echinodermata Nematoda Platyhelminthes Acoelomorpha Silicispongiae Calcispongia PROTOSTOMIA “COELOMATA” True coelom Coelomata gut cavity endoderm mesoderm coelom ectoderm [note: dorso-ventral inversion] Phylum ANNELIDA Porifera Ctenophora Cnidaria Deuterostomia Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Hemichordata Onychophora Mollusca Echinodermata Nematoda Platyhelminthes Acoelomorpha Silicispongiae Calcispongia PROTOSTOMIA PROTOSTOMIA “first mouth” blastopore contributes to mouth ventral nerve cord The Blastopore ! Forms during gastrulation ectoderm blastocoel blastocoel endoderm gut blastoderm BLASTULA blastopore The Gut “internal, epithelium-lined cavity for the digestion and absorption of food sponges lack a gut simplest gut = blind sac (Cnidaria) blastopore gives rise to dual- function mouth/anus through-guts evolve later Protostome = blastopore contributes to the mouth Deuterostome = blastopore becomes the anus; mouth is a second opening Protostomy blastopore mouth anus Deuterostomy blastopore
  • An Integrative Taxonomic Approach to the Identification of Three New New Zealand Endemic Earthworm Species (Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta)

    An Integrative Taxonomic Approach to the Identification of Three New New Zealand Endemic Earthworm Species (Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta)

    Zootaxa 2994: 21–32 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) An integrative taxonomic approach to the identification of three new New Zealand endemic earthworm species (Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae: Oligochaeta) STEPHANE BOYER1,3, ROBERT J. BLAKEMORE2 & STEVE D. WRATTEN1 1Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, New Zealand 2National Museum of Science and Nature in Tokyo, Japan 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This work adds three new species to the ca. 200 currently known from New Zealand. In Acanthodrilidae is Maoridrilus felix and in Octochaetidae are Deinodrilus gorgon and Octochaetus kenleei. All three are endemics that often have restrict- ed ranges; however, little is yet known of their distribution, ecology nor conservation status. DNA barcoding was conduct- ed, which is the first time that New Zealand endemic holotypes have been so characterized. The barcoding region COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) as well as the 16S rDNA region were sequenced using tissue from the holotype specimen to provide indisputable uniqueness of the species. These DNA sequences are publically available on GenBank to allow accurate cross checking to verify the identification of other specimens or even to identify specimens on the basis of their DNA sequences alone. Based on their 16S rDNA sequences, the position of the three newly described species in the phy- logeny of New Zealand earthworms was discussed. The description of new species using this approach is encouraged, to provide a user-friendly identification tool for ecologists studying diverse endemic faunas of poorly known earthworm species.