DOCSLIB.ORG

Sixth IAASS International Space Safety Conference SAFETY IS NOT an OPTION

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sixth IAASS International Space Safety Conference SAFETY IS NOT an OPTION Sixth IAASS International Space Safety Conference SAFETY IS NOT AN OPTION 21-23 May 2013 Montréal - Canada Final Programme & Abstract Book McGill University, Institute of Air and Space Law 1 Table of Contents Programme Committee ..........................................................................................................................................3 Sponsors..................................................................................................................................................................5 Welcome to Montréal ............................................................................................................................................6 Detailed programme Tuesday 21 May .........................................................................................................................................7 Wednesday 22 May ................................................................................................................................ 12 Thursday 23 May .................................................................................................................................... 19 Posters ................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Abstracts .............................................................................................................................................................. 23 Biographies ........................................................................................................................................................ 101 2 Conference Programme Committee Chair: T. Sgobba - IAASS Co-Chairs: R. Jakhu - McGill Institute of Air and Space Law N. Takeuchi - JAXA I. Rongier - CNES Members: F. Alby (FR) T. Masson-Zwaan (NL) W. Ailor (US) E. Mooij (NL) F. Allahdadi (US) M. Matney (US) M. Azeev (RU) D. Mikula (US) S. Bakhtiyarov (US) C. Moura (BR) V. Bothmer (DE) A. Menzel (DE) C. Botts (DE) R. Nasca (NL) V. Chang (CA) G. Ortega (ES) M. Ciancone (US) T. Pfitzer (US) P. Dempsey (CA) J. Pelton (US) D. Finkleman (US) J. Pearson (US) J. Frost (US) A. Quinn (GB) G. Gafka (US L. Ren (CN) A. Herd (GB) N. Ridzuan (MY) A. Hilgers (NL) G. Ruff (US) R. Jakhu (CA) K-U. Schrogl (AT) J. Jeevarajan (US) S. Simpson (US) B. Kanki (US) J-P. Trinchero (FR) P. Kirkpatrick (US) M. Trujillo (ES) G. Kminek (AT) D. Urban (US) B. Lazare (FR) Ph. Wallace (US) C. Leveau (FR) P. Wide (US) W. Lyles (US) S. Wilson (AU) 3 4 Sponsors 5 Welcome to Montréal, Canada Conference venue McGill University, Chancellor Day Hall Maxwell Cohen Moot Court (room 100), 3660 rue Peel Montreal Quebec Canada , H3A 1W9 Dinner Venue Chalet du Mont Royal 1196 Camillien-Houde Road, mont Royal, Montréal, Québec H3H 1A1 19:00 Departure Buses from Best Western Hotel, corner Sherbrooke and Peel Street 19:30 Awards Conference Gala Dinner 6 6th IAASS International Space Safety Conference Montreal - Canada, 21-23 May 2013 PROGRAM Tuesday 21 May 2013 08:00 Registration & Coffee 09:30 Plenary Session: Part 1 Chairs: P. Kirkpatrick, R. Jakhu Welcome Address: Daniel Jutras, Dean Faculty of Law, McGill University Conference Introduction: Tommaso Sgobba, IAASS President Keynote Speakers: Eric Laliberté, Director General Space Science and Technology Canadian Space Agency Dato' Hayati Ismail High Commissioner of Malaysia to Canada Isabelle Rongier Inspector General Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) Paul S. Dempsey, Director Institute of Air and Space Law at McGill University Edward Mango NASA Commercial Crew Program Manager 11:15 Coffee Break 11:45 Plenary Session: Part 2 Chairs: P. Kirkpatrick, R. Jakhu Heiner Klinkrad Head Space Debris Office European Space Agency Philippe Watillon Inspector General EADS Space Transportation Nobuo Takeuchi JAXA Director PA & Safety 7 Tom Pfitzer President APT-Research, Chair IAASS Launch Safety Committee Margaret H. Woodward US Air Force Chief of Safety Commander Air Force Safety Center 12:45 Conference Luncheon at McGill’s Faculty Club Guest Speaker: Dr. Joseph Pelton Session 1 Space debris and space debris removal - Part I Chairs: A. Rinalducci, E. Levin Room: 100 14:00 Estimation of Lifetime for Launchers Debris in Geostationary Transfer Orbits Handschuh, DA 1; Bonnal, C 1; Palun, A 1; Morand, V 2 1CNES-DLA, (FRANCE); 2CNES-CST, (FRANCE) .......................................................................................... 24 14:20 Active Debris Removal Systems Retat, I. 1; Bischof, B. 1; Clerc, X. 2; Mädiger, B. 1; Magne, J. 2; Pisseloup, A. 2 1Astrium Space Transportation, (GERMANY); 2Astrium Space Transportation, (FRANCE) ..................... 24 14:40 The Development of Gas Rocket Engine for the Deorbit of Launch Vehicle upper Stage after the Mission Prusova, OL Omsk State Technical University, (RUSSIAN FEDERATION) .................................................................... 25 15:00 Spacecraft Vulnerability to space Debris is not an Option Bensoussan, Denis Hiscox, (FRANCE) ..................................................................................................................................... 25 Session 2 Regulations and standards for safety – Part I Chairs: P. Dempsey, R. Jakhu Room: 101 14:00 "Search and Rescue in Space Activities: Is There a Specific Legal Regime?" George D. Kyriakopoulos, GK National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, (GREECE) .................................................................... 26 14:20 How Far is China from an International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities Su, Jinyuan Xi'an Jiaotong University, (CHINA) .......................................................................................................... 27 14:40 French Regulations applied to future European Launchers Cahuzac, Francois ; Biard, Arnaud CNES, (FRANCE) ....................................................................................................................................... 28 8 Session 3 Safety Critical Software Design and IVV Chairs: I. Rongier, V. Chang Room: 202 14:00 Tailoring Human Safety Critical Expertise for Mission Safety Critical Software Development Boudillet, O ; Peron, T ASTRIUM Space Transportation, (FRANCE) ............................................................................................ 29 14:20 PRO-Elicere: A Study for create a new Process for Dependability Analysis of Space Computer Systems da Silva, Glauco 1; Netto Lahoz, Carlos Henrique 2 1Aeronautics and Space Institute (IAE), (BRAZIL); 2Institute of Aeronautics and Space (IAE), (BRAZIL) . 30 14:40 Analysis of Software Development Methodologies to build Safety Software Applications for SATEX-II Aguilar, J. 1; Vargas, H. 1; Pedroza , A 1; Chavira , E. 1; Alonso , M 2; Vera, D. 1 1UPAEP, (MEXICO); 2CICESE, (MEXICO) ................................................................................................... 30 15:00 Reliability Prediction Analysis: Airborne System Results and Best Practices Silva, N ; Lopes, R Critical Software, S.A., (PORTUGAL) ....................................................................................................... 31 Session 4 Space traffic control I Chairs: F. Alby, D. Finkleman Room: 200 14:00 Applicatian of Use Case Scenarios to analyse Needs on the Future European SSA Governance and Data Policy Valero, J.L ; Albani, S. ; Gallardo, B. ; Matute, J. ; O'Dwyer, A. European Union Satellite Centre, (SPAIN) ............................................................................................... 32 14:20 Conjunction Detection and Orbit Life Time of Geosynchronous Transfer Orbital Debris Han, Lei ; Gong, Jiancun ; Wang, Ronglan ; Liu, Wei ; Yan, Ruidong National Space Science Center, (CHINA) ................................................................................................. 32 14:40 CAESAR : An Initiative of Public Service for Collision Risks Mitigation Beaumet, G. ; Moury, M. ; Laporte, F. CNES, (FRANCE) ....................................................................................................................................... 33 Session 5 – Launch Safety - Part I Chairs: C. Leveau, K. Mikula Room: 102 14:00 Value of Responsive Launch Safety Toolsets Pfitzer, T. Wayne Devoid, (UNITED STATES) ........................................................................................................... 33 14:20 Closing the Collision Risk Gap between current Launch Collision Avoidance Protection and the standard ISS Collision Risk Eric Schultz, D. NASA, (UNITED STATES) .......................................................................................................................... 33 14:40 Synthesis of the SRM Fragmentation Activities performed within VEGA Program Jarry, A 1; Meyer-Lassalle, F 1; Le Falch'er, D 2 1CNES, (FRANCE); 2ESA, (ITALY) ............................................................................................................... 72 9 Session 6 System & Payload Safety - Part I Chairs: P. Kirkpatrick, M. Azeev Room: 101 16:00 Designing Safety into Spacecraft Components Kio, M.T.E ; Kio, T.E CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY, (UNITED KINGDOM) ........................................................................................ 34 16:20 Commonalities and Differences in Functional Safety Systems between ISS Payloads and Industrial Applications Malyshev, M 1; Kreimer, J 2 1HE Space Operations B.V., (NETHERLANDS); 2Astrium Space Transportation, (GERMANY) ................. 34 16:40 Unexpected
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY of SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies
    CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Security of Space Traffic Management in the New Space Environment Master's thesis Author: Mgr. Jakub Pražák Study programme: Mezinárodní vztahy Supervisor: Mgr. Bohumil Doboš, Ph.D. Year of the defence: 2020 Declaration 1. I hereby declare that I have compiled this thesis using the listed literature and resources only. 2. I hereby declare that my thesis has not been used to gain any other academic title. 3. I fully agree to my work being used for study and scientific purposes. In Prague on 30. 7. 2020 Jakub Pražák References PRAŽÁK, Jakub. Security of Space Traffic Management in the New Space Environment. Praha, 2020. 51 pages. Master’s thesis (Mgr.). Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies. Supervisor Mgr. Bohumil Doboš, Ph.D. Length of the thesis: 97 797 Abstract The thesis elaborated on the sufficiency of space traffic management in the context of the emergence of the New Space environment. New Space introduces new space actors and private companies that wish to exploit outer space for business and profits. However, new ecosystem brings new challenges that endanger space activities and sustainability of outer space and are connected to the unsatisfactory legal regime, congested orbits, increasing number of space debris, and deteriorating relations among major space powers. The current status of space traffic management has significant deficiencies and requires substantial revitalization and reconsideration of norms. Though the states are still main actors in managing space activities, they are unable to push forward new rules to satisfy the needs of space of fast-paced New Space ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • 66 Current Status of VEGA Program
    JAERI-Conf 99-005 JP9950462 66 Current Status of VEGA Program A. Hidaka1', T. Nakamura1', Y. Nishino2), H. Kanazawa2), K. Hashimoto1', Y. Harada1', T. Kudo1', H. Uetsuka1' and J. Sugimoto1} 1) Dept. of Reactor Safety Research Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 319-1195, JAPAN Tel: +81-29-282-6778, Fax: +81-29-282-5570 E-mail: [email protected] 2) Dept. of Hot laboratories Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan Tel: +81-29-282-5849, Fax: +81-29-282-5923 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The VEGA program has been performed at JAERI to investigate the release of transuranium and FP including non-volatile and short-life radionuclides from Japanese PWR/BWR irradiated fuel at ~3000°C under high pressure condition up to 1.0 MPa. One of special features is to investigate the effect of ambient pressure on FP release which has never been examined in previous studies. As the furnace structures, ZrO2, W or ThO2 will be used depending on the experimental conditions. In the post-test measurements, off-line gamma spectrometry, metallography and the elemental analyses are scheduled with SEM/EPMA, SIMA and ICP-AES. The installation of test facility into the beta/gamma concrete No.5 cell at the Reactor Fuel Examination Facility (RFEF) will be finished soon and four experiments in a year are scheduled. The analyses will be conducted with the VICTORIA code to prepare the operational conditions and to evaluate the results.
    [Show full text]
  • Espinsights the Global Space Activity Monitor
    ESPInsights The Global Space Activity Monitor Issue 6 April-June 2020 CONTENTS FOCUS ..................................................................................................................... 6 The Crew Dragon mission to the ISS and the Commercial Crew Program ..................................... 6 SPACE POLICY AND PROGRAMMES .................................................................................... 7 EUROPE ................................................................................................................. 7 COVID-19 and the European space sector ....................................................................... 7 Space technologies for European defence ...................................................................... 7 ESA Earth Observation Missions ................................................................................... 8 Thales Alenia Space among HLS competitors ................................................................... 8 Advancements for the European Service Module ............................................................... 9 Airbus for the Martian Sample Fetch Rover ..................................................................... 9 New appointments in ESA, GSA and Eurospace ................................................................ 10 Italy introduces Platino, regions launch Mirror Copernicus .................................................. 10 DLR new research observatory ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Neorealist Analysis of International Space Politics (1957-2018)
    “War in Space: Why Not?” A Neorealist Analysis of International Space Politics (1957-2018) Eirik Billingsø Elvevold Dissertação em Relações Internacionais Maio, 2019 Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Relações Internacionais, realizada sob a orientação científica da Professora Doutora Ana Santos Pinto e a co-orientação científica do Mestre Rui Henrique Santos. ii To my wife Leyla, For your love, patience and support. iii AKNOWLEDGEMENTS As I came to Portugal to work for the Norwegian Embassy in Lisbon, I had no idea I would stay to study for several years. The decision, however, I will never regret. I would like to thank Universidade Nova and the social sciences faculty, FCSH, for allowing me to study at a leading university for International Relations in Portugal. Our classes, especially with prof. Tiago Moreira de Sa and prof. Carlos Gaspar, will always be remembered. To my coordinator, professor Ana Santos Pinto, I want to express gratitude for her guidance, sharp mind and patience throughout the process. The idea of studying a mix of international politics and space came with me from Norway to Portugal. After seeing Pinto teach in our scientific methods class, I asked her to be my coordinator. Even on a topic like space, where she admitted to having no prior expertise, her advice and thoughts were essential for me both academically and personally during the writing process. In addition, I want to express my sincere gratitude to Rui Henriques Santos for stepping in as my co- coordinator when professor Pinto took on other challenges at the Portuguese Ministry of Defense.
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic Security and Outer Space
    SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF Byers, M. (2020). Arctic Security and Outer Space. Scandinavian MILITARY STUDIES Journal of Military Studies, 3(1), pp. 183–196. DOI: https://doi. org/10.31374/sjms.56 RESEARCH ARTICLE Arctic Security and Outer Space Michael Byers Global Politics and International Law, University of British Columbia, CA. This article was delivered in Nuuk, Greenland, as the keynote speech at the Signature Conference of the Royal Danish Defence College, on 2 October 2019. It builds on an earlier piece: ‘Cold, dark, and dangerous: international cooperation in the arctic and space,’ Polar Record 55(1), 32–47, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247419000160 [email protected] Journalists often portray the Arctic and Space as rife with economic competition, contested territorial claims, and impending conflicts. In actuality, there is extensive and ongoing coopera- tion between Russia and Western states in both regions. A number of factors common to the Arctic and to Space contribute to this ongoing cooperation, including ‘complex interdependence’ and widely agreed rules of international law. This article focuses on three further common factors: the ‘cold, dark, and dangerous’ character of the regions; the absence of substantial ‘weaponisation’; and the relative ease with which information about military activities may be gathered in the Arctic and Space, for instance through Space-based technologies. The latter factor enables Arctic and Space-faring states to avoid classic ‘security dilemmas’. Keywords: Arctic; Space; Security; International Cooperation; International Law; Russia; NATO 1. Introduction The Arctic is closely connected to Outer Space (‘Space’). The Arctic climate is a consequence of Earth’s orbital mechanics, most notably the tilt of the planet, which leads to the absence of sunlight in winter and to 24-hour sunlight in summer.
    [Show full text]
  • IMAGINING the ANTHROPOCENE Science Fiction Cinema in an Era of Climatic Change
    IMAGINING THE ANTHROPOCENE Science Fiction Cinema in an era of Climatic Change DR. TOBY NEILSON MA FILM STUDIES Distinction (University of Exeter, 2011-2012) BA FILM STUDIES, 1ST CLASS HONS (University of Exeter, 2008-2011) SCHOOL OF THEATRE, FILM AND TELEVISION STUDIES COLLEGE OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW JANUARY 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract - 4 Chapter 1 - Introduction, Literature Review and Methodology Introduction - 6 Literature Review - 17 Methodology - 48 Chapter Overview - 56 Part One: From the Technological to the Ecological - 61 Chapter 2 - Changing Imaginations of Disaster: Different Death Stars and Devastated Earths Star Wars: From The Death Star-to-Star Killer Base and Back Again - 72 After Earth: An Imagination of Disaster for the Anthropocene - 85 Conclusion: Beyond After Earth - 107 Chapter 3 - Nonhuman Perspectives: Annihilation, Ecomonstrosity and the Posthuman The Terminator and The Thing: Technological and Ecological Posthuman Forms - 117 Ecomonstrous Encounters in Annihilation - 133 From Ecomonsters to Zoe-Centric Posthumanism - 146 Conclusion: What Next for Posthuman Science Fiction Cinema 156 Part 2: Temporal and Planetary Imaginaries - 162 Chapter 4 - Time Found and Felt in the Anthropocene: Folding Time in Interstellar and Arrival Cinema, Time, Modernity and The Anthropocene - 170 Time as Environment: Interstellar’s Folding Temporal Signatures - 176 Arrival, Interstellar and Transcending Temporal Flow - 192 Conclusion - 206 Chapter 5 - A Planetary Perspective: Melancholia, Another Earth and Gravity’s Ecofeminist
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Space Commercialization
    Research Paper The Future of Space Commercialization Joshua Hampson Security Studies Fellow The Niskanen Center January 25, 2017 Executive Summary This paper argues for the importance of commercial uses of outer space to the economy and national security of the United States. It lays out a short history of developments in commercial outer space, enumerates the challenges facing this emerging market, and offers suggestions for policies to address these challenges. It’s not possible to provide comprehensive answers to all of the problems the United States may encounter in outer space, but the suggestions provided offer a starting point for creating a healthy, safe, and robust commercial space environment. Commercial outer space can promote economic growth, innovation, and stronger national security. However, achieving these goals will require several changes in space policy: ● The Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA AST) should be elevated to a separate bureau under the Department of Transportation; ● Responsibility for situational awareness of non-national-security-related space assets should be placed in a non-profit, non-governmental, multi-stakeholder organization; ● When the government requires space capabilities, it should buy privately-provided services and encourage competition in launch and non-launch markets; and ● Government agencies with regulatory or oversight authority over the commercial space industry should default to approval for new missions. Agency procedures for overruling default approval should be transparent and should include a process of appeal. The United States is on the cusp of having an independent commercial space market. With a few smart decisions and a policy of regulatory restraint, the government can simultaneously promote innovation, growth, and national security, while proving that enterprise in space does not require the backing of a large nation state.
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Analysis of Optimal Operational Orbits Around Venus for the Envision Mission Proposal
    Design and Analysis of Optimal Operational Orbits around Venus for the EnVision Mission Proposal Marta Rocha Rodrigues de Oliveira Thesis to obtain the Master of Science Degree in Aerospace Engineering Supervisors: Prof. Paulo Jorge Soares Gil Prof. Richard Ghail Examination Committee Chairperson: Filipe Szolnoky Ramos Pinto Cunha Supervisor: Paulo Jorge Soares Gil Member of the Committee: João Manuel Gonçalves de Sousa Oliveira November 2015 ii Acknowledgments I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisors Professor Paulo Gil from Instituto Superior Tecnico´ and Professor Richard Ghail from Imperial College London. Without their help, counsel, and generous transmission of knowledge, this thesis would not have been possible. I must also thank the EnVision team for the unique opportunity of working with such an exciting Venus project and contributing to an outstanding ESA proposal. Furthermore, I would like to express my appreciation to Dr. Edward Wright and to the NAIF team from JPL for the exceptional support provided. For the very welcomed inspiration, I must thank my friends, in particular the ISU community who encouraged me to pursue my work when I was reaching a breaking point. This thesis is dedicated to my parents and my sister, who give meaning and purpose to all my pursuits. iii iv Resumo Na explorac¸ao˜ espacial, as missoes˜ planetarias´ em orbita´ sao˜ essenciais para obter informac¸ao˜ so- bre os planetas como um todo, e ajudar a resolver questoes˜ cient´ıficas pendentes. Em particular, os planetas mais parecidos com a Terra temˆ sido um alvo privilegiado das principais agenciasˆ espaci- ais internacionais. EnVision e´ uma proposta de missao˜ que tem como objectivo justamente estudar um desses planetas.
    [Show full text]
  • Session 2 Presentations
    Mercury: From Mariner to MESSENGER Sean C. Solomon Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University LPI 50th Anniversary Science Symposium 17 March 2018 40th LPSC The Woodlands, Texas 25 March 2009 Mariner 10 (1973–1975) • Mariner 10 – the last in the Mariner series – was the first spacecraft to visit Mercury. • Launched in November 1973, Mariner 10 flew by Mercury three times, in March and September 1974 and March 1975. Mariner 10 backup spacecraft, Udvar-Hazy Center. Mariner 10 and Mercury’s Magnetic Field • Mariner 10’s first flyby detected a magnetic field near Mercury. • Mariner 10’s third flyby (at high latitude on Mercury’s night side) confirmed that the field is internal. • A dipole field could fit the data, but there were large uncertainties. Mariner 10 third flyby observations of Mercury’s magnetic field [Connerney and Ness, 1988]. Mariner 10 and Mercury’s Geology • Mariner 10 imaged about 45% of Mercury’s surface. • Heavily cratered terrain was thought to be comparable in age to the lunar highlands. • Smooth plains were seen to be less cratered and younger, but unlike the lunar maria are not darker than the surrounding highlands. Mariner 10 mosaic of the Caloris basin. LPI Topical Conference (1976) • LPI convened a topical conference on Comparisons of Mercury and the Moon in November 1976. • A number of the papers given at the conference were collected into a special issue of Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (1977). Mercury’s Exosphere • Mariner 10 had detected H and He in Mercury’s exosphere and set an upper bound on O.
    [Show full text]
  • 43759498.Pdf
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Keele Research Repository This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights and duplication or sale of all or part is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for research, private study, criticism/review or educational purposes. Electronic or print copies are for your own personal, non- commercial use and shall not be passed to any other individual. No quotation may be published without proper acknowledgement. For any other use, or to quote extensively from the work, permission must be obtained from the copyright holder/s. The security of the European Union’s critical outer space infrastructures Phillip A. Slann This electronic version of the thesis has been edited solely to ensure compliance with copyright legislation and excluded material is referenced in the text. The full, final, examined and awarded version of the thesis is available for consultation in hard copy via the University Library Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations March 2015 Keele University Abstract This thesis investigates the European Union’s (EU) conceptualisation of outer space security in the absence of clear borders or boundaries. In doing so, it analyses the means the EU undertakes to secure the space segments of its critical outer space infrastructures and the services they provide. The original contribution to knowledge offered by this thesis is the framing of European outer space security as predicated upon anticipatory mechanisms targeted towards critical outer space infrastructures. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to astropolitical literature through an analysis of the EU’s efforts to secure the space segments of its critical outer space infrastructures, alongside a conceptualisation of outer space security based upon actor-specific threats, critical infrastructures and anticipatory security measures.
    [Show full text]
  • Page | 1 ISSUES CONCERNING OUTER SPACE INVESTMENTS
    AGAMA: Issues Concerning Outer Space Investments in International Law ISSUES CONCERNING OUTER SPACE INVESTMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW1 Abstract Recent improvements in technology have in essence increased the viability of outer space as the next frontier for international investment and development. In addition to the current commercial applications of outer space usage such as remote sensing and direct television broadcasting, real possibilities now exist for mining mineral deposits on the surface of the moon and nearby asteroids, among other things. Degradation and dissipation of most natural/mineral resources on Earth, steady increase in world population and the possibilities of exploring and exploiting outer space through advancements in technology make outer space investments not just necessary but inevitable. As an international arena, coupled with financial and technological costs of such ventures, outer space investments would require a number of issues tackled first. This article therefore sets to discuss these issues which include the need for cooperation among nations for robust outer space investments and the need to circumvent current legal and logistical barriers to such investments by putting in place a more enabling international legal regime to that effect. Doctrinal method is adopted in this research and the result reveals that several barriers—legal, logistical and economic, inhibit outer space investments. We examined relevant statutes, text books, journal articles, case law and the internet materials. The work recommends inter alia that an outer space property legal system that creates both incentives and predictability must be established to remove major barriers inhibiting outer space investments. Key words: Outer Space, Investments, International Law, International Space Station I.
    [Show full text]
  • ECS Atlanta 2019 Venus Variable Altitude Balloon Bugga
    New Power Technology for Venus Aerial Missions Ratnakumar Bugga, John-Paul Jones, Michael Pauken, Keith Billings, Channing Ahn,* Brent Fultz,* Kerry Nock,** anD James Cutts Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, Ca 91109 *California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, **Global Aerospace Corporation, 12981 RaMona Blvd, Irwindale, CA 91706 Atlanta, GA October 13-17, 2019 Extreme Environments on Venus • Of all the solar system's planets, Venus is the closest to a twin of Earth. • The two bodies are nearly of equal size, and Venus' composition is largely the same as Earth’s. • The orbit of Venus is also the closest to Earth's of any solar system planet. • Both worlds have relatively young surfaces, and both have thick atmospheres with clouds (however, it's worth nothing that Venus' clouds are mostly made of poisonous sulfuric acid). • But not enough interest, because of its hostile environment • High Temperature : 25oC at 55 km rapidly increasing to 465oC at the surface • High pressure: CO2 pressure (90 atm) at the surface • Corrosive environment: Concentrated H2SO4 droplets in or above the clouds and sulfur compounds • No possibility of extant life, Fig. 1 Venus temperature/pressure vs. altitude. Challenging environment Fig.for in 1 -Venussitu missions temperature/pressure vs. altitude 10/13/2019 Pre-Decisional Information – for Planning and Discussion Purposes Only KB # 2 Prior Venus Missions Japan Akatsuki Orbiter • Orbiters: Russian Venera (4-13) series [4], the US Magellan and the European Venus Express and Japan Akatsuki (2010) In-situ Missions • Balloons: Several missions have been implemented successfully, e.
    [Show full text]