Polygonatum Verticillatum

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Polygonatum verticillatum No Image Family: Liliaceae Local/common names: Whorled Solomon’s Seal, Mahameda Trade name: Mahameda Profile: Polygonatum verticillatum is often confused with Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum biflorum). Many forms of this plant exist such as a broader leafed form, a dwarf form, larger forms (up to six feet) as well as the white versus pink flowering forms. Although no reports of toxicity have been seen for this species, some members of this genus have poisonous fruits and seeds. The plant is an important member of the famous Ashtavarga (Group of eight) in the Ayurveda and known as ‘Meda’. Sweet in taste and cold in potency, it pacifies vata and pitta. It is also known in ancient literature as Dhara, Manichhidra and Shalyaparni. Habitat and ecology: The plant is commonly found in forests, shrubberies and open slopes with altitudinal variations of 1500-3700 m. This species has an extensive range in the northern hemisphere from Europe to the Himalayas up to Siberia. In the Himalayas the plant is available in Pakistan, India and southeastern Tibet. Morphology: It is an erect rather robust plant with many whorls of narrow lanceolate leaves, bearing branched clusters of 2-3 small, pendulous, tubular and white flowers with green tips in their axils. The stem is angled and grooved, 60-120 cm long. The flowers are 8- 12 mm long, fused into a broad tube below with short triangular spreading lobes. The fruit is a berry, which at first is bright red, becoming dark purple later. The rootstock is thick and creeping. Distinguishing features: The plant has white flowers with green tips. Life cycle: The plant completes its life cycle in May-June when flowering takes place. Uses: The roots of this plant have several chemical components that have been used for synthesizing steroidal hormones. In action the plant has a cooling effect and is spermopiotic. It is febrifuge and effective on burning sensation and phthisis. Young shoots are consumed after cooking and often used as a substitute for asparagus. The roots are also consumed in a cooked form. Market rate: It is sold at the rate of Rs.50/- per kg in Delhi market. .

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Solomon's Seal Cultivation
SOLOMON’S SEAL: CULTIVATION & FOLKLORE Edited by C. F. McDowell, PhD Cortesia Herbal Products • www.solomonsseal.net Solomon's Seal (polygonatum biflorum, multiflorum, odoratum, etc.) is a medicinal herb that has diverse health restorative properties. It can be used as a herbal tincture, salve, tea or supplement. As an alternative remedy, it may offer relief, healing or mending to sports injuries and other conditions related to tendons, joints, ligaments, bones, bruises, connecting tissues, cartilage, etc. It also soothes and repairs gastrointestinal inflammation and injuries. It is effective for feminine issues, such as menstrual cramps, PMS, bleeding, and the like. Additionally, it is known to lower blood pressure and relieve dry coughs. Solomon's Seal has a rich history that goes back many thousands of years. Herbalists and healers, both in Europe and North America and the Far East, have written about its diverse effects on numerous conditions. In 2010, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Natural Resources Conservation Service) identified Solomon's Seal as a Culturally Significant Plant, noting its medicinal and restorative value among North American Tribal (Original Nation) peoples. It is our understanding that the National Institutes of Health is presently researching the benefits of Solomon's Seal for heart health. Western documentation is largely anecdotal. Gardener's and nature lovers know the plant well, for it is easily identifiable and can be cultivated. Wellness practitioners using alternative healing methods are somewhat familiar with the plant and praise it; however, their number is still small and documentation is limited. Herbalists, chiropractors, among others are increasingly validating Solomon's Seal's effectiveness.
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The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Asparagus (Asparagus Officinalis L.) and Its Phy- Logenetic Positon Within Asparagales
Central International Journal of Plant Biology & Research Bringing Excellence in Open Access Research Note *Corresponding author Wentao Sheng, Department of Biological Technology, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, The Complete Chloroplast Jiangxi, China, Tel: 86-0791-87619332; Fax: 86-0791- 87619332; Email: Submitted: 14 September 2017 Genome Sequence of Accepted: 09 October 2017 Published: 10 October 2017 Asparagus (Asparagus ISSN: 2333-6668 Copyright © 2017 Sheng et al. officinalis L.) and its OPEN ACCESS Keywords Phylogenetic Positon within • Asparagus officinalis L • Chloroplast genome • Phylogenomic evolution Asparagales • Asparagales Wentao Sheng*, Xuewen Chai, Yousheng Rao, Xutang, Tu, and Shangguang Du Department of Biological Technology, Nanchang Normal University, China Abstract Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a horticultural homology of medicine and food with health care. The entire chloroplast (cp) genome of asparagus was sequenced with Hiseq4000 platform. The complete cp genome maps a circular molecule of 156,699bp built with a quadripartite organization: two inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,531bp, separated by a large single copy (LSC) sequence of 84,999bp and a small single copy (SSC) sequence of 18,638bp. A total of 112 genes comprising of 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs were successfully annotated, 17 of which included introns. The identity, number and GC content of asparagus cp genes were similar to those of other asparagus species genomes. Analysis revealed 81 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, most composed of A or T, contributing to a bias in base composition. A maximum likelihood phylogenomic evolution analysis showed that asparagus was closely related to Polygonatum cyrtonema that belonged to the genus Asparagales.
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Liliaceae Lily Family
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False Solomon's Seal (Maianthemum Racemosum)
False Solomon’s Seal (Maianthemum racemosum) Lily Family Why Choose It? Springing out of the ground in a graceful arch, there’s nothing false about the pleasure False Solomon’s Seal brings. It lights up the forest with its creamy springtime plume, and the fragrant flowers turn to red berries in the summer. As days shorten, the glossy green plant fades to a delicate autumnal yellow. In the Garden False Solomon’s Seal makes a striking accent plant in moist woods. A robust and hardy perennial, it’s vigorous but not pushy. Nice with ferns, it will grow in deep shade to full sun and can handle wet soil. Birds such as thrushes and grouse feed on its berries, even though humans find Photo by Ben Legler them pretty blah. The Facts False Solomon’s Seal is a perennial that comes up in March, and it develops stalks one to three feet tall with elongate leaves alternating along the stem. Sometime from April to June, the sweet-smelling flowers top the stalk in a conic cluster. It’ll grow best in a site that’s moist in the spring. If you water it well during its first two summers in your garden, it should be established enough for our dry summers after that. Where to See It Look for False Solomon’s Seal from sea level to mid-elevations along streams and in damp forests where English ivy hasn’t invaded. And, hey, what’s false about it? When the flowering stalks of False Solomon’s Seal break from the underground stem, the scar that’s left is a circular depression.
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Solomon's Seal, Polygonatum Spp
A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 24 Oct 2011 Solomon’s Seal, Polygonatum spp. Solomon’s seal is the common name for a number of species in the genus Polygonatum with an attractive architectural form. The rhizomes of various species have been used medicinally to treat various ailments or ground and baked into a type of bread, and the young shoots were eaten like asparagus. There are about 60 species in this group of herbaceous perennials in the lily family (Liliaceae), but only a few are commonly grown as ornamentals in the US, including both native and exotic species. The alternate leaves of Solomon’s-seal are carried on long, upright to arching stems. The linear to broad, egg-shaped leaves zigzag their way up the unbranched stalks, each pair offset slightly along the stem. Most species have solid green leaves, but some have variegated leaves. The leaves turn lemon yellow to brown in autumn, and the stems wither away for the winter. The following spring a larger stem is produced Solomon’s seal plants grow in partial shade. from the rhizome. Only a single stem is produced annually from each rhizome section, but the rhizomes branch freely, so each plant will have multiple stems. The plants spread at a modest pace to form colonies of plants. The thick, ﬂ eshy, white, irregularly-shaped rhizomes bear rounded scars where previous year’s stems arose – and supposedly it is the resemblance of these scars to the 2 inverted triangles that were the symbol or seal of King Solomon that gave rise to the common name.
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Ayushdhara (E-Journal)
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Ayushdhara (E-Journal) AYUSHDHARA ISSN: 2393-9583 (P)/ 2393-9591 (O) An International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Allied Systems Review Article MEDA- AN IMPORTANT MEMBER OF ASTAVARGA IS SUFFERING FROM IDENTIFICATION AND STANDARDIZATION Vij Divya1, Mishra Rajesh Kumar2 *1PG Scholar, 2Assistant Professor, PG Department of Dravyaguna Vigyan, Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan Evum Anusandhan Sansthan, Haridwar, India. KEYWORDS: Meda, ABSTRACT Astavarga, Polygonatum Meda is one of the most important plants included in Astavarga. This verticillatum (L.) All., plant is used in variety of Ayurvedic formulations such as Cyavanprasa. Ayurveda. Dried underground parts (rhizomes) of this plant are used for medicinal purpose. This plant is claimed to possess rejuvenating, health promoting, immune system strengthening, anti-oxidant and cell regenerating properties. Also claimed to promote body fat, healing fractures, control *Address for correspondence Dr. Divya Vij fever, abdominal thirst, diabetic condition, seminal weakness, and as a P.G. Scholar cure for Vata, Pitta and Rakta dosa. The demand of this herb is increasing Department of Dravyaguna day by day but due to scarcity of this plant in wild, unaware about Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan authentic botanical source, non-existing cultivation practices there is Avum Anusandhan Sansthan widespread problem of adulteration or substitution with other plants. Haridwar, India. The poor quality of raw material affect the quality of end product formed. Contact no. 7018586262 So by taking into account the above situation this systematic review/ Email: [email protected] metadata analysis has conducted to find out adulteration in Meda. INTRODUCTION Meda commonly known as whorled with addition of low grade, spoiled, inferior, solomon’s seal is a perennial rhizomatus herb[1].
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Diversity and Evolution of Monocots
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Three New Solomon's Seals (Polygonatum: Asparagaceae) from the Eastern Himalaya
Phytotaxa 236 (3): 273–278 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.3.8 Three new Solomon’s Seals (Polygonatum: Asparagaceae) from the Eastern Himalaya AARON J. FLODEN TENN Herbarium, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Three new Polygonatum (Asparagaceae) are described and illustrated from the Eastern Himalaya. These species, Polygo- natum autumnale, P. angelicum, and P. luteoverrucosum, have opposite leaves and are evergreen. The foremost is the first autumn-flowering species in the genus and is known from a single locality in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Polygonatum an- gelicum and P. luteoverrucosum are the first species in the genus to be reported with distinctly verrucose perigone surfaces. These two are sympatric in Arunachal Pradesh, India, and Xizang, China, but occur at different elevations. Their relation- ships to other opposite-leaved species are discussed and a key is provided to these and related species. Keywords: endemic, Himalaya, Mishmi Hills, P. oppositifolium Introduction Recent collections of Polygonatum Miller (1754, without pagination) from east of the Siang River in Arunachal Pradesh, India, in the Mishmi Hills confirm the status of several new Polygonatum. Initial observations of two of the species from herbarium specimens (KUN, PE) were unclear and difficult to place in any known species using available keys (Chen & Tamura 2000, Noltie 1994, Jeffrey 1980), though their relationships to one another and to P. oppositifolium (Wallich 1820: 380) Royle (1839: 380) are apparent in that they have opposite leaves and grow as epiphytes.
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Edible Native Plants for Shade
Edible Native Plants for Shade Top Choices Allium tricoccum (wild leeks, ramps) Rich soils, average to moist Ephemeral in nature (will go dormant by mid-summer) Leaves are one of the best wild edibles out there Flowers and roots are also edible (eating the roots will kill the plant) Corylus americana (American hazelnut) Smaller and (sweeter) than the European cultivated hazelnut Can be picked in the ‘milk’ stage (sweeter) or allowed to mature fully (nuttier) Average to moist soils, tolerates summer drought More sun = more nuts Gaylussacia baccata (black huckleberry) and Vaccinium angustifolium (low bush blueberry) Black huckleberry is very similar to low-bush blueberry and tends to produces more successfully in the shade than the blueberries Sweeter berries with a larger seed (than blueberry) Both species prefer acidic, well-drained soils Vaccinium corymbosum (high-bush blueberry) tolerates moist sights Lindera benzoin (spicebush) Acidic, average to moist sights Young stems make a great tea Berries can be used as a spice Maianthemum racemosum (Solomon’s plume) Acidic soils, moist to dry Berries are small but produced in dense clusters Bitter sweet, with an almost molasses-like after taste Matteuccia struthiopteris (fiddlehead fern) Acid soils, average to moist conditions Pick fiddleheads in early season before they elongate past 8” Sautee with butter and garlic and enjoy Courtesy of Dan Jaffe Propagator and Stock Bed Grower New England Wild Flower Society [email protected] Edible Native Plants for Shade Polygonatum
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Molecular Phylogenetic Studies of the Genera of Tribe Polygonateae (Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae): Disporopsis, Heteropolygonatum, and Polygonatum
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2017 Molecular phylogenetic studies of the genera of tribe Polygonateae (Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae): Disporopsis, Heteropolygonatum, and Polygonatum. Aaron Jennings Floden University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Evolution Commons Recommended Citation Floden, Aaron Jennings, "Molecular phylogenetic studies of the genera of tribe Polygonateae (Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae): Disporopsis, Heteropolygonatum, and Polygonatum.. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2017. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/4398 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Aaron Jennings Floden entitled "Molecular phylogenetic studies of the genera of tribe Polygonateae (Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae): Disporopsis, Heteropolygonatum, and Polygonatum.." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Edward E. Schilling, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Brian O'meara, Randy Small, Sally Horn Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Molecular phylogenetic studies of the genera of tribe Polygonateae (Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae): Disporopsis, Heteropolygonatum, and Polygonatum.
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Polygonatum Odoratum ‘Variegatum’
2013 Perennial Plant of the Year™ Polygonatum odoratum ‘Variegatum’ Common Names Hardiness Variegated Solomon’s Seal USDA Zones 3 to 8 Striped Solomon’s Seal Fragrant Solomon’s Seal Light Variegated Fragrant Solomon’s Seal Part to full shade Soil – This Solomon’s Seal prefers moist, well-drained soil. Unique Qualities – Solomon’s Seal has arching stems that carry pairs of small, bell-shaped, white flowers in mid to late spring. The variegated ovate leaves are soft green with white tips and margins. Fall leaf color is yellow. Uses – This perennial offers vivid highlights in shaded areas of borders, woodland gardens, or naturalized areas. The variegated foliage is attractive in flower arrangements. Polygonatum odoratum ‘Variegatum’ 2013 Perennial Plant of the Year™ Polygonatum odoratum ‘Variegatum’ is the Perennial Plant Association’s 2013 Perennial Plant of the Year™. Polygonatum odoratum, pronounced po-lig-o-nay’tum o- do-ray’tum vair-e-ah-gay’tum, carries the common names of variegated Solomon’s Seal, striped Solomon’s Seal, fragrant Solomon’s Seal and variegated fragrant Solomon’s Seal. This all-season perennial has greenish-white flowers in late spring and variegated foliage throughout the growing season. The foliage turns yellow in the fall and grows well in moist soil in partial to full shade. The genus Polygonatum, native to Europe and Asia, is a member of the Asparagaceae family. It was formerly found in the family Liliaceae. Regardless of its new location, members of Polygonatum are excellent perennials for the yellow in the autumn. Sweetly fragrant, small, bell-shaped landscape. The genus botanical name (Polygonatum) comes white flowers with green tips, are borne on short pedicels from poly (many) and gonu (knee joints) and refers to the from the leaf axils underneath the arching stems.
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Mystery Seeds: Deer Mouse (Peromyscus Maniculatus) Foraging Preferences on Seeds Of
Mystery seeds: Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) foraging preferences on seeds of herbaceous plants BIOS 35502-01: Practicum in Field Biology Nathalia Paola Rodríguez Trujillo Advisor: Dr. Michael J. Cramer 2018 1 Abstract: Very often herbaceous plants community gets overlooked when it comes to seed predation studies. This study analyses the foraging preferences of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845) on two seeds of herbaceous plants: Smooth Solomon’s Seal, Polygonatum biflorum ((Walter) Elliot, 1817) and False Solomon’s Seal, Maianthemum racemosum ((Linnaeus) Link, 1821); which are two of the most common herbaceous plants at the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center (UNDERC). We hypothesized that mice would eat the herbaceous seeds; and that they would prefer M. racemosum given that it does not contain toxic compounds. There were statistically significant differences for the latency time between Helianthus sp. and P. biflorum. Also, there were statistically significant differences for amount of seeds eaten between Helianthus sp. and both P. biflorum and M. racemosum. P. maniculatus preferred M. racemosum over P. biflorum, which could be explained by the presence of an anthraquinone on P. biflorum. Key words: Deer Mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, Smooth Solomon’s Seal, Polygonatum biflorum, False Solomon’s Seal, Maianthemum racemosum, herbaceous plants, foraging, seed predation, anthraquinone, UNDERC. 2 Introduction: Seed predation is an animal-plant interaction that has evolved at various levels (Janzen 1971). This interaction can be beneficial for both the seeds and the animal: it benefits the seeds when the animal does not eat the seeds and just moves them (seed dispersal), and it benefits the animal when they consume seeds which are rich in nutrients and energy (Vander Wall 2010; Cramer 2014).
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