DOCSLIB.ORG

Sleep Smarter a Device That Can Track and Improve the Quality of Sleep Members: Ashley Resuta, Daniyal Iqbal, Ethan Dell, Kyle Ki December 8, 2019 Sleep Smarter 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sleep Smarter a Device That Can Track and Improve the Quality of Sleep Members: Ashley Resuta, Daniyal Iqbal, Ethan Dell, Kyle Ki December 8, 2019 Sleep Smarter 1 Sleep Smarter A device that can track and improve the quality of sleep Members: Ashley Resuta, Daniyal Iqbal, Ethan Dell, Kyle Ki December 8, 2019 Sleep Smarter 1 I. Overview 3 Needs Statement 3 Objective Statement 3 Description 3 Marketing Diagram 4 II. Requirements Specification 4 Marketing Requirements 4 Engineering Specifications 4 III. Concept Selection 7 Existing Systems 7 Concepts Considered 9 IV. Design 12 Overall System 12 Subsystems 13 Heartbeat Detection 13 Circuits and Assemblies 14 Sleep Stage Prediction 16 Snore Mitigation 18 Application 20 Engineering Standards 22 Multidisciplinary Aspects 22 Background 22 Outsider Contributors 23 V. Constraints and Considerations 23 Extensibility 23 Manufacturability 23 Reliability 23 Environmental 23 Health and Safety 24 Intellectual Property 24 Privacy 24 Others 24 VI. Bill of Materials 25 VII. Testing Strategy 26 Acceptance Tests 26 Integration Tests 32 Unit Tests 35 Sleep Smarter 2 VIII. Risks 36 Overall Risks 37 Heartbeat Detection 37 Sleep Stage Detection 38 Quiet Air Inflation 39 Snoring Mitigation 41 IX. Management Plan 42 X. Perspective 45 Sleep Smarter 3 I. Overview Needs Statement According to enthealth.org, “nearly half of adults snore, and over 25% are habitual snorers.” Although snoring is considered just a small annoyance, it can drastically impact a person's sleep quality. The National Sleep Foundation also reports that 45% of Americans admit to poor sleep affecting their daily life in the past week. In addition to a lack of quality sleep, another problem that persists is loud alarms that jolt a person out of sleep and are not optimized to the person’s REM cycles. Environmental factors such as noise and lighting can also reduce the quality of a person's sleep. A system is needed to track the quality of sleep as well as make necessary adjustments to the sleeping environment to reduce snoring and improve sleep quality. The system must also gently wake the user according to his/her individual REM cycle. Objective Statement The objective of this design is to create a device that will go inside of a pillow and will keep track of key sleeping metrics as well as noise to make adjustments to the person's environment. This design will interact with the user through an app which will contain all of his/her sleeping data and allow him/her to analyze the data in order to make necessary sleeping changes. The app will allow the user to set alarms and have the device optimize wake times according to the user’s REM cycle. The device will also be able to detect snoring and will adjust the pillow to reduce the user’s snoring to improve sleep quality. Description The device will consist of an inflatable air chamber, a large programmable chip, and a few sensors. The device will connect directly to a wall outlet, so there will be no batteries within the device. The case for the device will most likely be 3-D printed and will protect the programmable chip while exposing the sensors. The sensors will be used to track the user’s heartbeat, noise, and movement. The programmable chip will use the data from those sensors to perform sleep analysis. It will contain a microphone and control the alarms to wake the user at an optimal time. It will also send the sensor data and the user’s sleep stage data to the user’s phone. The programmable chip will also use the microphone data to detect snoring and will control the snore mitigation component. The snore mitigation component will gently adjust the user’s head by deflating or inflating the air chamber. Sleep Smarter 4 In addition to the device, an application will allow the user to set alarms and view his/her sleep data. The application will also contain a graph of the sleep stages of the user throughout the night. Marketing Diagram Figure 1: Overall System Component Diagram II. Requirements Specification Marketing Requirements 1. The device is easy to use and install. 2. The device is non-intrusive and allows the user to sleep comfortably. 3. The device adjusts the user’s pillow to reduce snoring when snoring is detected. 4. The device is compatible with smart home technology for light adjustment. 5. The application allows visualization and analysis of sleep data. 6. The application allows for setting alarms that can wake up the user based on the optimal REM cycle. Engineering Specifications Table 1. Engineering Specifications Marketing Engineering Requirements Justification Sleep Smarter 5 Requirements 1 A. The device average setup time is no The average setup time more than 30 minutes. should be short, but should account for users encountering issues. 1 B. The device should be easy to set up, The product should be and after 2 consecutive uses, the user intuitive to use. should no longer feel the need to consult instructions. 5, 6 C. The device should be able to detect user The deep sleep or REM sleep sleep stages. The device should be able to stage indicates good quality detect light sleep, deep sleep, REM sleep, sleep so they are necessary wakefulness, and restlessness. to track for sleep quality. 5 D. The application should display sleep The user can analyze data data and analysis in graphical format. visually through graphs and find patterns in his/her quality of sleep. 2 E. The device should not have sharp edges The device should be that can cause the user pain. comfortable to sleep on. 5 F. The application should have an interface The user needs an interface for setting alarms. The device will trigger an for communicating time to the alarm at or before the specified time device. depending on the user’s optimal sleep cycle. 3 G. The device should detect snoring within The device’s snore detection 5 minutes from when snoring started. should attempt to verify “snoring” is not movement before beginning to adjust the pillow. 3 H. When snoring is detected, the device The device should attempt to should adjust the pillow to reduce snoring stop or reduce snoring so that every minute until snoring stops or after 15 the user can sleep better. attempts. 3 I. The device should alleviate snoring and The device should be quiet so not make more than 45 dB of noise. it does not wake up the user Sleep Smarter 6 when alleviating snoring. 6 J. The device should be able to measure The application needs to the user’s heartbeat accurately (on average provide heartbeat data and +/- 5 bpm tolerance). needs heartbeat data to do REM analysis. 3 K. The device’s air chamber should allow If the airflow is too weak, for strong enough airflow to adjust the adjustments may not happen user’s head in his/her sleep. at all, but if it is too strong then adjustments may occur very suddenly and wake the user. 4 M. The device must be compatible with a Z- The device turning on lights in Wave smart light, and be able to turn on a sync with the alarm changes light when waking the user up. the sleep environment to wake the user. Sleep Smarter 7 III. Concept Selection Existing Systems There are a variety of systems that already exist to track the quality of sleep, and there are some that can even make adjustments to the environment to improve the quality of sleep. The most basic system that exists is a mobile application that needs to be turned on before going to sleep. The phone is placed on the side of the bed, and the app keeps track of noise and movement throughout the night to measure the quality of sleep. The app can wake the user at an optimal time based on the user’s REM cycle. Although the app is cheap or even free, the information that it can collect and the accuracy of the data are very limited. Some other systems that exist are wristbands or smartwatches. These are often multipurpose and can be used for fitness tracking as well as viewing notifications from a phone. They are able to track sleep pretty well but can be too expensive because of the variety of non- sleep related features they offer. There are other wearables such as Oura which is a ring that can also track sleep. Although it is very accurate and works well, it is also very expensive due to its small size. Other systems that are designed solely for sleep also exist such as mattress pads and smart mattresses. Both of these systems are able to track the user’s sleep fairly accurately with the exception of the heartbeat. They are able to track body movements, adjust the firmness of the mattress, or adjust the temperature. Newer smart mattresses are even able to lift the upper half of the bed during the night to alleviate snoring. Although these systems work well, they also are very expensive. Almost all of the systems discussed so far, except for the smart mattress, are solely for tracking sleep quality. One strength of the smart mattress is that it is able to detect and improve the user’s sleep. Another system called Nora exists solely to detect and alleviate snoring. It is placed under the user’s pillow and can raise the pillow up a little in order to alleviate mild snoring. Another system that has this feature and can track the user’s sleep is the smart pillow, Zeeq. Zeeq has features to track sleep, alleviate snoring, and even wake the user at an optimal time. Zeeq is the least intrusive system discussed here because the entire system is part of the pillow.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Strategies for Better Sleep in Collaboration with Brainmind, Dr
    Video 15: Strategies for Better Sleep In collaboration with BrainMind, Dr. Isaacson reviews the importance of sleep for optimal brain health A lack of sleep leads to higher stress levels, higher cortisol levels, and brain aging Stages of Sleep 1. Light sleep: not restorative, a precursor to essential phases of later sleep 2. REM sleep (Rapid eye movement sleep): dream phase of sleep, essential for memory consolidation a. Allows for peak performance of the brain b. Memory goes from short to long term 3. Deep sleep (Slow-wave sleep): essential for clearing amyloid buildup in the brain a. Glymphatic system: irrigation of the brain Both adequate sleep and lifestyle changes are necessary for optimal brain performance and to reduce brain aging Sleep Tracking & Tips ● How many overall hours of sleep? ○ Using wearables, biosensors to get an objective sense of sleep ● Aim for 7.5-8 hours of sleep ○ How many hours of REM and deep sleep? ■ 20~22%, up to 25% of total sleep should be comprised of each REM and deep sleep, meaning 1.5 hours of REM and 1.5 hours of deep sleep to maintain a healthy brain ● How long does it take for someone to fall asleep? ● Why is a person having trouble falling asleep? Are they ruminating? ○ Interventions include: ■ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ■ Melatonin ■ Supplements and drugs Ideal Sleep Hygiene ● Consistent sleep schedule ● Don’t eat too close to bedtime ● Use the bedroom primarily for sleeping ● Minimize distractions Takeaways​: ● Sleep is one of the most critical aspects of brain health ● Try to make a better plan for sleep and talk to health care provider .
    [Show full text]
  • Polar M600 User Manual
    USER MANUAL CONTENTS Contents 2 Getting Started 15 Introduction to the Polar M600 15 Charging the M600 15 Battery Operating Time 16 Low Battery Notification 16 Turning the M600 on and off 17 To turn the M600 on 17 To turn the M600 off 17 Setting up your Polar M600 17 To get ready for setup 17 To pair your smartphone with Polar M600 17 To activate the Polar app on the M600 18 To connect the M600 to a Wi-Fi network 19 To update the software 19 Connecting the M600 to Wi-Fi 19 To turn Android Wear cloud sync on 20 To connect the M600 to a Wi-Fi network 20 To turn Wi-Fi on and off 20 Using the M600 21 Menu structure 21 Home screen 21 Quick Settings menu 21 Apps menu 22 2 To open the apps menu 23 To open and use apps 23 Notifications 23 To view notifications 23 To take action on the notification 23 To dismiss a notification 24 Status icons 24 Apps menu 24 To get more apps 25 Agenda 26 To see your schedule 26 Alarm 26 To set an alarm 26 To turn off an alarm when it goes off 26 To snooze an alarm 27 Contacts 27 Find my phone 27 To make your phone ring 27 Fit 27 To see your day's activity progress 27 Fit Workout 28 To start a workout session 28 Play Store 28 To turn Play Store Auto update mode on and off 28 Polar app 28 3 Training with the Polar app on your M600 28 Sport profiles 29 Polar features 29 Reminders 30 To sign in to the Calendar app 30 To set a reminder 30 To mark a reminder as done using the app 30 Stopwatch 30 To start the stopwatch 30 To pause the stopwatch 30 To restart the stopwatch 31 To reset the stopwatch 31 Timer 31 To set a
    [Show full text]
  • A Smartphone Application for Adolescent Insomnia Symptoms
    Open access Research BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026502 on 27 May 2019. Downloaded from Pilot evaluation of the Sleep Ninja: a smartphone application for adolescent insomnia symptoms Aliza Werner-Seidler,1 Quincy Wong,1,2 Lara Johnston,1 Bridianne O’Dea,1 Michelle Torok,1 Helen Christensen1 To cite: Werner-Seidler A, ABSTRACT Strengths and limitations of this study Wong Q, Johnston L, et al. Objectives The aim of this study was to test the Pilot evaluation of the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of a ► This is the first study to evaluate app-delivered cog- Sleep Ninja: a smartphone recently developed smartphone application, Sleep Ninja, application for adolescent nitive–behavioural therapy for insomnia in adoles- for adolescent sleep difficulties. insomnia symptoms. BMJ Open cents with sleep difficulties. Setting The study was conducted online with Australian 2019;9:e026502. doi:10.1136/ ► The intervention being tested, Sleep Ninja, was de- individuals recruited through the community. bmjopen-2018-026502 veloped with input from young people, is fully au- Participants Participants were 50 young people aged Prepublication history for tomated and does not require internet coverage to ► 12–16 years with sleep difficulties. this paper is available online. function. Design A single-arm pre–post design was used to To view these files,please visit ► The evaluation included measures of feasibility and evaluate feasibility, acceptability and sleep and mental the journal online(http:// dx. doi. acceptability as well as detailed semistructured health variables at baseline and postintervention. org/ 10. 1136/ bmjopen- 2018- interviews about participants’ experience with the Intervention Cognitive–behavioural therapy for insomnia 026502).
    [Show full text]
  • Implicit Night Sleep Monitoring Using Smartphone
    Institut für Visualisierung und Interaktive Systeme Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 5a 70569 Stuttgart Germany Bachelor’s Thesis Nr. 95 Implicit Night Sleep Monitoring Using Smartphone Mohsen Zarei Course of Study: Informatik, B.Sc. Examiner: Jun.-Prof. Dr. Niels Henze Supervisor: Alireza Sahami M.Sc. Commenced: November 15, 2013 Completed: May 12, 2014 CR-Classification: H.1.2, I.5.2 Abstract Recent studies show that many people nowadays suffer from sleep disorders, which can severely threaten the public health. Sleep monitoring could play an important role; since it makes it possible to recognize them at the early stages and prevent them. Moreover, there are sort of methods, devices and special sensors as well as mobile phone applications, which try to realize the demand for sleep monitoring. Although all of these techniques require either a special device or sensor to be used or some user interactions, no approach has been proposed, that tracks sleep either in an unobtrusive way or without using any extra sensor. To put it in a nut shell, we have tried in this work to figure out if it is viable, and if so, how efficient it could be to monitor the nightly sleep using smartphones without any need to interact with the phone or without using separate devices and/or sensors. 3 Kurzfassung Bisherige Studien zeigen, dass immer mehr Menschen unter Schlafstörungen leiden, was sich negativ auf die Gesundheit auswirken kann. Schlafüberwachung bietet eine Möglichkeit, Schlafstörungen in einer früheren Entstehungsphase zu erkennen und ihnen vorzubeugen. Es existieren bereits zahlreiche Methoden, Geräte und Sensoren, sowie Smartphone Anwendungen mit welchen die Schlafüberwachung durchgeführt werden kann.
    [Show full text]
  • Information and Faqs for Gulfstream OVERVIEW
    Information and FAQs for Gulfstream OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................... 1 What is Healthy Rewards? .............................................................................................................................. 1 Am I eligible? ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 How do I enroll? ................................................................................................................................................. 2 NAVIGATING THE DASHBOARD ....................................................................................................... 3 What is the dashboard, and how do I use it? ........................................................................................... 3 Why does my dial read “0” even though I previously earned points? ............................................ 4 What is the Program Catalog? ....................................................................................................................... 4 How do I learn more about each available program? .......................................................................... 4 ACTIVITY TRACKING & TRACKING SERVICES ............................................................................. 4 How do I get my activity tracker and start tracking my progress? ................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Validation of New Commercial Sleep Monitoring Devices IRB
    TITLE: Clinical Validation of New Commercial Sleep Monitoring Devices IRB Protocol #: 1509016542 ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02779543 Version Date: Dec 14, 2015 Principal Investigator: Name: Ana Krieger Address: WCMC Center for Sleep Medicine, 425 East 61st St 5th Floor, New York, NY 10065 Telephone: 646-962-7378 Fax: 646-962-0455 Email: [email protected] Administrative Contact / Research Assistant: Name: Erik Zavrel Address: WCMC Center for Sleep Medicine, 425 East 61st St 5th Floor, New York, NY 10065 Telephone: 646-749-5237 Email: [email protected] SUMMARY This study seeks to evaluate three new commercial sleep monitoring devices: Fitbit, Jawbone UP, and Microsoft Band by comparison against concurrent polysomnography, considered the gold standard assessment for sleep physiology. TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY 1. OBJECTIVES 1.1 Primary Objectives 1.2 Secondary Objectives 2. BACKGROUND 2.1 Disease 2.2 Investigational Agent or Device 2.3 Background and Rationale 3. PATIENT SELECTION 3.1 Inclusion Criteria 3.2 Exclusion Criteria 4. STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 4.1 Study Design 4.2 Sample Size / Accrual Rate 4.3 Analysis 4.4 Study Monitoring REFERENCES 1. OBJECTIVES 1.1. Primary Objectives This study seeks to evaluate three new commercial sleep monitoring devices: Fitbit, Jawbone UP, and Microsoft Band by comparison against concurrent polysomnography (PSG) in a clinical population. The primary objective is to compare total sleep time (TST) between each of the sleep monitoring devices and PSG. 1.2. Secondary Objectives a. To assess agreement between sleep monitoring devices and PSG by characterizing epoch-by-epoch data into pooled contingency tables for kappa analysis. b.
    [Show full text]
  • The Power of Sleep Workbook
    PARTICIPANT WORKBOOK Presented by the Pinellas County Employee Wellness Program Session 1: Sleep Basics National Sleep Statistics Let’s take a look at some statistics first. Depending on where we live in the country, one-third to one-half of Americans report they sleep 6 hours or less. Almost 40% of Floridians report 6 hours or less sleep per night. Adults Getting More Than 6 Hours of Sleep per Night Data Source: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics (CDC/NCHS) Page 1 Rally Health Survey Overview The 2018 employee health survey shows that we are fairly close to the state and national averages. 1,039 employees answered the sleep question in the survey. 65% of those employees (in the yellow and green areas of the donut) responded that they get 7 or 8 hours of sleep . 35% of this group gets 6 hours or less Here’s what this means in terms of claims cost to employees and the County (bar graph): . The left bar on the graph shows that employees who get 7 or more hours of sleep a night cost the County roughly $4,500 a year in medical reimbursement. This number represents the amount UnitedHealthcare pays after discounts but does not include the member responsibility (the amount you pay). These averages exclude catastrophic cost (specific high-risk conditions such as cancer, unforeseen traumas such as car accidents and other severe injuries). The middle bar shows that employees who get about 6 hours of sleep per night cost about $4,650 per year.
    [Show full text]
  • “My Smartwatch Told Me to See a Sleep Doctor”: a Study of Activity Tracker Use University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Aust
    “My smartwatch told me to see a sleep doctor”: A study of activity tracker use Zablon Pingo and Bhuva Narayan University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia Abstract Purpose This qualitative research explored the use of wearable health and fitness trackers in everyday life, and the users’ own understanding and use of the data derived from these devices. Design/methodology/approach The study used a qualitative constructionist approach, based on twenty one-on-one interviews (alongside observations of use) with users of wearable fitness trackers. Findings Findings show that the fitness trackers, also known as activity trackers or lifelogging devices, have become companion tools that enable users to monitor information from their body and make some decisions about their health and fitness, thus giving them a sense of gratification and a sense of control over their own health and wellbeing. Practical implications The findings have implications on how health professionals can talk to their patients about how to deal with and understand the information provided by their activity-tracking devices. Originality/value The study adds to the lifelogging literature through a constructionist, qualitative approach rather than a positivist or technological deterministic approach. Keywords: lifelogging devices, activity trackers, fitness trackers, information behaviour, everyday-life information seeking, health information seeking, fitness data privacy Paper type: Research Paper Introduction This paper reports on a study where we investigated the everyday use of fitness trackers and explored users’ interactions with the same through a qualitative lens; we studied twenty-one users of activity trackers, specifically users of wearable technologies for tracking health and fitness activities on devices such as Fitbit, Jawbone, Garmin, Apple watch, Xiaomi and so on.
    [Show full text]
  • Sleep Monitoring with the Apple Watch: Comparison to a Clinically
    F1000Research 2019, 8:754 Last updated: 27 AUG 2019 RESEARCH ARTICLE Sleep monitoring with the Apple Watch: comparison to a clinically validated actigraph [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] Sirinthip Roomkham 1, Michael Hittle 2, Joseph Cheung3,4, David Lovell 1, Emmanuel Mignot3, Dimitri Perrin 1 1School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia 2Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA 3Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA 4Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA First published: 29 May 2019, 8:754 ( Open Peer Review v1 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19020.1) Latest published: 29 May 2019, 8:754 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19020.1) Reviewer Status Abstract Invited Reviewers Background: We investigate the feasibility of using an Apple Watch for 1 2 3 sleep monitoring by comparing its performance to the clinically validated Philips Actiwatch Spectrum Pro (the gold standard in this study), under version 1 free-living conditions. published report report report Methods: We recorded 27 nights of sleep from 14 healthy adults (9 male, 5 29 May 2019 female). We extracted activity counts from the Actiwatch and classified 15-second epochs into sleep/wake using the Actiware Software. We extracted triaxial acceleration data (at 50 Hz) from the Apple Watch, 1 Sean P. A. Drummond, Monash University, calculated Euclidean norm minus one (ENMO) for the same epochs, and Clayton, Australia classified them using a similar algorithm. We used a range of analyses, Lillian Skeiky, Washington State University including Bland-Altman plots and linear correlation, to visualize and assess 2 the agreement between Actiwatch and Apple Watch.
    [Show full text]
  • Sleep Tracking Alarm
    Sleep Tracking Alarm ECE 445 Design Document Team 43: Elliot Salvaggio, Kishan Surti, Rutu Patel TA: Shuai Tang 4/17/2020 1 Introduction 1.1 Objective For some people, waking up in the morning is not a difficult task. They are ready to hop out of bed and start their day with little difficulty. For everybody else, being motivated to get out of bed at a good time without feeling groggy is not always easy [1]. Every night, people set their alarms on their phones to wake them up the next morning. Whether it’s one single alarm or ten different alarms every ten minutes, the basic phone alarm is often not enough to wake up and to get out of bed. After a few nights it becomes a routine to turn off the alarm without even noticing and falling right back to sleep. It is clear that for some the basic alarm is not enough. Our solution is a new type of alarm system that can get the user out of bed as well as make them wake up feeling energized. Our design is a wearable that goes on a person’s wrist, paired with a camera system. The wearable system includes sensors to track sleep patterns which are used to determine best time to set off the alarm. It has an LED screen with buttons used to set a prefered wake up time interval. This is paired with the computer vision camera system. Once the alarm goes off, the camera system waits until it can confirm the person is standing in an upright position before turning off the alarm.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining and Evaluating Sleep Health
    This transcript was exported on Nov 09, 2020 - view latest version here. Getting to the Heart of Sleep Health: Defining and Evaluating Sleep Health Konrad Sawicki (00:00): Hello, everybody. Welcome to the podcast on defining and evaluating sleep health. My name is Dr. Konrad Sawicki. I am a second year cardiology fellow at Northwestern University in Chicago in the physician scientist track. I'm delighted to be joined today by two experts in sleep science, Dr. Dayna Johnson who's an assistant professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Emory University. And also Dr. Anne Fink, who's an assistant professor in the Department of Bio-behavioral Nursing Science at the University of Illinois in Chicago. And we'll be referring to each other by our first names today. Before we begin, I would just like to say that these American Heart Association podcasts entitled Getting to the Heart of Sleep Health are made possible through sponsorship through Jazz Pharmaceuticals, though it's important to note that all the program material was developed independent of the sponsor. Well, let's get started. Konrad Sawicki (01:08): So humans spend about a third of our lives sleeping, or at least attempting to sleep. And we know that sleep is important for our health and particularly our heart health, but we often take it for granted and it can feel like an overlooked and forgotten third of our lives. Unfortunately, sleep is usually the first thing to go when we're pressed for time. The average American now sleeps less than seven hours at night, which is about two hours less than just a century ago.
    [Show full text]
  • 1330-1410 Sleep Diagnostics Collop (Update)
    Sleep Diagnostics Nancy Collop, MD Emory University Conflicts of Interest • Royalties from UPTODATE as an author and editor • Received grant monies and was on advisory council for Jazz Pharmaceuticals (2017-2018) • Biomarkers • Consumer Devices – Assessing sleep – Sleep disorders • PSG intensity Ideal Biomarker • disease specificity • mandatory presence in all affected patients – high sensitivity and specificity • reversibility following proper treatment • detectability before patients develop clinical manifestations • reflect severity of the disease and provide indicative information over the cumulative history of the disease, • enable a cut-off value with minimal overlap between normal and disease • Minimize the total cost and burden of diagnosing a patient OSA • Types: • Blood • Urine • Exhaled breath condensate • Saliva • Diagnostic and Prognostic Interleukin - 6 • 18 studies • Studied in both adults and children • Cytokine in macrophages and lymphocytes • May be more associated with obesity as some studies that showed higher levels were less positive or even not significant after correction for BMI • Levels do change with CPAP in some but not all studies TNF - alpha • Pro-inflammatory cytokine released during acute inflammation • Participates in cell signaling leading to necrosis or apoptosis • Associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, nocturnal sleep disturbance, hypoxia • Higher levels noted in morning and after SDB events in OSA patients • Conflicting studies on whether it is reduced after CPAP • Interaction may also be related
    [Show full text]