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Independent • International • Interdisciplinary Annual Report 2009

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Independent • International • Interdisciplinary Annual Report 2009 T 20 09 R L REPO A ANNU Interdisciplinary • International International • Independent Independent Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) Centre for the Study of Civil War (CSCW) Editor: Agnete Schjønsby In front of a church in Port-au- PO Box 9229 Grønland, NO-0134 Oslo, Norway Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)7, Language Editor: Carville Language Services Prince, Haiti, 2009. Photo: Wenche Visiting Address: Hausmanns gate 7 PO Box 9229 Grønland, NO-0134 Oslo, Norway Design: Studio 7 www.studoisju.no Hauge, PRIO Visiting Address: Hausmanns gate 7 ISBN: 978-82-7288-345-3 Director’s Introduction P P RI Focus on Religion. Research on religion and its RI O For PRIO, 2009 was a year O A importance for peace has become increasingly A NNU of taking stock and looking central within PRIO’s research agenda over the past NNU few years. In this, we apply a range of methods, A A L including textual analysis, fieldwork and statistical L REPO forward. We celebrated REPO studies. Examining the promise – and limitations our 50th anniversary. We – of religious dialogue is particularly important now R R T 2009 that it is increasingly identified as a missing key T 2009 formulated a new strategy element in peacemaking diplomacy. Accordingly, in for 2010 to 2013. Once October 2009, PRIO and the Norwegian School of 2 Theology (MF) organized a conference on ‘Religious 01 again, our academic output Diversity in the Middle East: Building a Common Ground’, funded by the Norwegian Ministry of was tremendous. And we Foreign Affairs. Focused on religious education and family law, the event brought together academics continued to play a central from several Middle Eastern countries, Scandinavia, the UK and the USA. At PRIO, the event was Photo: Are Hovdenak, PRIO role in defining the agenda spearheaded by Jørgen Jensehaugen, Gina Lende, Frida Nome and Gregory Reichberg. Furthermore, of peace research. This World Religions and Norms of War was published by will be the first Director’s 2009 has been a good year, with the exception of a United Nations University Press this year. Co-edited financial deficit caused by a number of unexpected by Gregory Reichberg (with Vesselin Popovski & Introduction I write. Being expenses, but also indicative of an uncertain Nicholas Turner), the book examines how the world’s environment. Our response is to further our com- leading religious traditions, historically and today, director at PRIO is for me mitment to academic quality, which lies at the root of have assessed the moral dimensions of war. everything PRIO does, informing our contributions the best job in the world, and to policy and engagement in public debate. Re-examining Liberal Peacebuilding. Over the last two decades, international peace operations have I have taken on the position Reinvigorating Peace Research. In 2009, been based on the assumption that political and in full recognition of the Research Professor Nils Petter Gleditsch received economic liberalization leads to peace. Mounting the Møbius Prize for outstanding research from evidence entails a revision of the political ends and qualities of the institution, the Research Council of Norway. In recent years, means of peacebuilding, however, and raises hard Nils Petter has made his mark with his work on the ethical questions about how to balance the promotion its networks, its global role democratic peace – the argument that democracies of human rights and democracy with self-governance seldom or never fight each other – as well as his and cultural diversity. PRIO’s project ‘The Liberal and, not least, all of the great questioning of key claims about climate change and Peace and the Ethics of Peacebuilding’, concluded in its impact on conflict. Nils Petter played a key role 2009, addressed these questions from philosophical individuals that work here. in conceptualizing and making a success of PRIO’s and empirical perspectives (read more on p. 12). Centre for the Study of Civil War and is one of our The project was funded by the Poverty and Peace most productive researchers. He held the prestigious programme of the Norwegian Research Council, post of president of the International Studies and led by J. Peter Burgess (Security Programme). Association from 2008 to 2009, signing off with Among the many highlights of this project is a special his chosen theme ‘Exploring the Past, Anticipating issue of the journal International Peacekeeping on the Future’ for the association’s 51st Convention. ‘Liberal Peacebuilding Reconstructed’, co-edited by This was particularly fitting, since 2009 was also PRIO’s Kristoffer Lidén (with Roger Mac Ginty and the year of PRIO’s 50th anniversary, which we used Oliver P. Richmond). The project has contributed precisely to learn from our past and reflect on our significantly to disentangling the basic assumptions future, recognizing the enormous strength that lies of liberal peacebuilding and is now inspiring new in 50 years of commitment to basic academic values research beyond the critique of liberal peacebuilding in our endeavour to better understand the conditions to inform the policies and practices of the future. for peace. Our commitment to reinvigorating It is with a new sense of security, cognizant of the peace research was reflected in our anniversary continuity between our first 50 years and the course programme, in a number of later events and, most that we see for PRIO and peace research, that we importantly, in PRIO’s new strategy. move forward. For those who want to know more about how PRIO envisions its role in the world, I recommend the new PRIO Strategy as a complement to this Annual Report. Enjoy! New PRIO Director P P RI RI O On 1 July 2009, PRIO got O A PRIO in the Next 50 Years Major Strategic Goals 2010–2013 A NNU a new director. On that date, NNU A Fifty years after PRIO was founded in 1959, it is A L 1 Develop focused research efforts in three distinct areas: L REPO Kristian Berg Harpviken time to take stock, to see what we can learn from REPO our past and to take a forward look into the future. challenges to peace, the diversity of violence, and nonviolent R formally took over as What should PRIO aim at in the years ahead? Where R T 2009 T 2009 director of the institute, should PRIO be half a century from now? intervention following eight years of Stein One thing that is clear is that PRIO should build 02 on its strength and experience as a forerunner in 2 Enable every researcher to publish the equivalent of one 03 Tønnesson’s leadership. research on peace and war. With its robust compe- tence, the institute will continue to play a pioneering peer-reviewed journal article per year The succession was very role in detecting new trends in conflict, and will be equally central in identifying avenues to peace. To 3 Enhance PRIO’s visibility and impact within international smooth, both for staff and achieve this, we will need to cross-fertilize various methodological and disciplinary perspectives, and public debate for the directors themselves, to ensure a dynamic interaction between research as the two men had worked institutions, policymakers and war-affected popula- tions around the globe. 4 Strengthen PRIO’s contribution to the development of policy closely together since 2005, PRIO is a unique creation. Not a think-tank, not a 5 Initiate the establishment of a research school in peace when Harpviken was Photo: Are Hovdenak, PRIO Photo: Are Hovdenak, PRIO university, not a government subsidiary, PRIO is an independent academic research institute, firmly appointed deputy director rooted in the conviction that good policy and sound and conflict studies in collaboration with one or intervention are best served by top-quality scholarly more universities at PRIO. The directorship at Kristian Berg Harpviken (born 1961) holds a PhD Stein Tønnesson (born 1953) holds a PhD in history work. This is also the basis for PRIO’s own engage- PRIO runs for four years, in sociology. His main research interests are the and is a specialist on Vietnam and Southeast Asia. He ment as a formulator of policy proposals, as a broker dynamics of civil war, migration and transnational took up the directorship of PRIO in 2001, succeeding of information to those living with conflict, as a fa- 6 Establish at least one long-term partnership with a research and may be renewed for communities, and methodology in challenging Dan Smith. During Tønnesson’s eight years as cilitator of dialogue, and as an educator. contexts, with a particular focus on Afghanistan director, PRIO has expanded considerably, from milieu in a conflict region a second four-year period. and its neighbourhood. Harpviken led the Conflict a staff of 41 person-years in 2001, with a turnover Based in Oslo, PRIO is an international institute Resolution and Peacebuilding programme at PRIO of approximately NOK 40m (4.5 €), to a staff of 63 whos staff study and work in conflict zones across in 2004–2005 and comes from the post of deputy person-years in 2008 and a turnover of NOK 74m the globe, cooperating with both multilateral and lo- 7 Strengthen the multicultural composition of PRIO’s staff director at the institute. He is the first internally (8.3 €). Among the most noteworthy changes at PRIO cal organizations. Its combination of academic excel- recruited director at PRIO since 1981. Harpviken during his period of office has been a considerable lence, engagement and, ultimately, a normative com- 8 Attain a sustainable increase in the proportion of female came to PRIO in 1993 and, despite several periods strengthening of the PRIO Cyprus Centre (see page mitment to peace is what makes PRIO unique.
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