Independent • International • Interdisciplinary Annual Report 20 09 Visiting Address: Hausmanns gate 7 gate Hausmanns Address: Visiting P PO eace Research Institute Institute Research eace Box 9229 Grønland, Grønland, 9229 Box NO O slo ( slo -0134 -0134 P RI O O ) slo, N orway Visiting Address: Hausmanns gate 7 gate Hausmanns Address: Visiting P (CSCW) War Civil of Study the for Centre PO eace Research Institute Institute Research eace Box 9229 Grønland, Grønland, 9229 Box NO O slo ( slo -0134 -0134 P RI O O )7, slo, N orway ISB www.studoisju.no 7 Studio Design: L E anguage anguage ditor: Agnete Schjønsby Agnete ditor: N :978-82-7288-345-3 E ditor: Carville Carville ditor: L anguage Services anguage Hauge, Hauge, P in church a of front In rince, Haiti, 2009. 2009. Haiti, rince, P RI O P hoto: hoto: Wenche P ort-au- PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 01 on Over the was published by brought brought together academics
International Peacekeeping Research on religion and its including textual analysis, fieldwork and statistical studies. Examining the promise – and limitations dialogueparticularlyreligious is of – importantnow that it is increasingly identified as inelement in peacemaking aAccordingly, diplomacy. missing key October 2009, PRIO and the Norwegian School of ‘Religious on conference Theologya organized (MF) Diversity in the Middle East: Building a Common Ground’, funded by the Affairs.Foreign and Focusedreligious on education Norwegian Ministry of family law, the event Eastern Scandinavia,countries, Middle several from the UK and the spearheaded USA. by Jørgen At Jensehaugen, PRIO, Gina the Lende, Frida Nome event and Gregory was Reichberg. Furthermore, World Religions and Norms of War Co-edited this Press year. University Nations United by Gregory Reichberg world’s (with the how examines book the Vesselin Turner), Nicholas Popovski & leading religious traditions, historically and today, war. of dimensions themoral assessed have Re-examining Liberal Peacebuilding. have operations peace international decades, two last been based on the assumption economic that liberalization political leads and to peace. evidence Mounting entails a revision of the political ends and means of peacebuilding, however, and promotion the raises balance to hard how about questions ethical self-governance with democracy and rights human of and cultural diversity. PRIO’s project ‘The in Liberalconcluded Peacebuilding’, Ethicstheof and Peace philosophical from questions these addressed 2009, and empirical perspectives (read more The on project p. was funded 12). by the Poverty programme and Peace of the Norwegian Research and led by Council, J. special Peter a Burgess is (Security project this Programme). of highlights many the Among issue of the journal ‘Liberal Peacebuilding Reconstructed’, co-edited by Kristoffer PRIO’s Lidén (with Roger Mac Ginty and Oliver P. Richmond). The project has contributed significantly to disentangling assumptions basic the of liberal peacebuilding and is now inspiring peacebuildingliberal new of critiquethe beyond research thefuture. of practices and informthepolicies to It is with a new sense of security, cognizant of the continuity between our firstyears50 and course the that we see for PRIO and peace research, move that forward. we For those who want to know about more how PRIO envisions its role complement in a as Strategy the PRIO new the world, recommend I this to Annual Report. Enjoy! Focus on Religion. importance for peace central withinresearch agenda theover past PRIO’s has become increasinglyfew years. In this, we apply a range of methods, In 2009, O RI P hoto:Are Hovdenak, P Nils Nils Petter has made his mark with his on thework democratic peace – the argument that democracies seldom or never fight each other – as questioning key claimsof climate about change and well as his its impact on conflict.Nils Petter played a key role in conceptualizing and making a success of PRIO’s Centre for the Study of Civil War and is one of our prestigious the held He researchers. productive most post of president Association from of 2008 to 2009, the signing off his with International chosen theme ‘Exploring the Past, Anticipating Studies the Future’ for the association’s 51st This was Convention. particularly fitting, since 2009 wasthe 50th year of anniversary, PRIO’s which also we used precisely to learn from our past and reflecton our future, recognizing the enormous strength that lies in values to academic years 50 basic commitment of conditions the understand better to endeavour our in for peace. Our peace research commitment was reflected to programme, in in a number of later reinvigorating our events and, most anniversary strategy. new PRIO’s in importantly, 2009 has been a good year, with the exception of a financialdeficit caused by a numberof unexpected expenses, but also environment. Our response is indicative to further of root our the at lies com- of which quality, academic to mitment an uncertain everything does, PRIO informing our contributions debate. public in engagement policyand to Reinvigorating Peace Research Professor Nils Research. Petter Gleditsch received the Møbius Prize for outstanding the Research research Council from of Norway. In recent years, Director’s Introduction Director’s for 2010 to 2013. Once Once 2013. to 2010 for forward. We celebrated celebrated We forward. of peace research. This research. peace of in full recognition of the the of full recognition in our 50th anniversary. We We anniversary. 50th our was tremendous. And we we And tremendous. was will be the first Director’s Director’s first the willbe director at PRIO is for me me for is PRIO at director formulated a new strategy strategy new a formulated continued to play a central central a play to continued qualities of the institution, institution, the of qualities its networks, its global role role global its networks, its individuals that work here. here. work that individuals Introduction I write. Being Being write. I Introduction role in defining the agenda agenda the defining in role For PRIO, 2009 was a year year a was 2009 PRIO, For of taking stock and looking looking and takingstock of again, our academic output output academic our again, I have taken on the position position the on taken have I and, not least, all of the great great the of all least, not and, the best job in the world, and and world, the in job best the
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 03
Increase international funding to at least one-quarter one-quarter least at to funding international Increase funding is for long-term research long-term for is funding turnover annual of Attain a sustainable increase in the proportion of female female of proportion the in increase sustainable a Attain levels senior at staff skills professional internal for system structured a Provide development career and training PRIO’s of one-third least at that ensure to steps Take robustness financial PRIO’s Enhance Strengthen the multicultural composition of PRIO’s staff PRIO’s of composition multicultural the Strengthen milieu in a conflict region conflict a in milieu intervention one of equivalent the publish to researcher every Enable peace in school research a of establishment the Initiate or one with collaboration in studies conflict and universities more research a with partnership long-term one least at Establish peer-reviewed journal article per year per article journal peer-reviewed international within impact and visibility PRIO’s Enhance debate public policy of development the to contribution PRIO’s Strengthen Develop focused research efforts in three distinct areas: areas: distinct three in efforts research focused Develop nonviolent and violence, of diversity the peace, to challenges
11 12 9 10 8 8 7 2 6 3 4 5 1 1 Major Strategic Goals 2010–2013 Goals Strategic Major ------Stein Tønnesson, Director 2001–2009SteinTønnesson, KristianBerg Harpviken, Director 2009– PRIO in the Next 50 Years Years 50 Next the in PRIO Based Based in Oslo, PRIO is an whos international staff study institute and work in conflictzones across cooperating withthe globe, both multilateral lo and excel academic of combination Its organizations. cal com normative a ultimately, and, engagement lence, unique. PRIO makes what is peace to mitment The founding of PRIO was a young of manifestation group small a of of foresight the and commitment academics. The original conception of PRIO as an independent, international, multidisciplinary insti years ago. 50 it did firmlystandstution as as today As formulated in its statutes, PRIO’s ultimate pur pose is ‘to engage in research concerning the condi tions peacefulfor relations between nations, groups will world the now, from Fifty years individuals’. and expect we Yet, will so and PRIO. place, different a be forma the inspired that vision the and ideals the that then relevant as willbe still ago years 50 PRIO of tion today. theyare as Fifty years after PRIO was founded in time to 1959, take it stock, is to see what we can our past learn and to from take a forward look into the future. Where ahead? years the in at aim PRIO should What halfcenturybe a now? from PRIO should One thing that is clear is that on PRIO its should build strength and experience as a forerunner research on peace in and war. With its robust compe pioneering a play to institutewillthe continue tence, role in detecting new trends in conflict, and will be equally central in identifying avenues to peace. To achieve this, we will need to cross-fertilize various methodological and disciplinary perspectives, and to ensure a dynamic interaction between research institutions, policymakers and war-affected popula theglobe. around tions PRIO is a unique creation. Not a think-tank, not a university, not a government subsidiary, PRIO an independent academic is research institute, firmly rooted in the conviction that good policy and sound intervention are best served by top-quality scholarly work. This is also the ownbasis for PRIO’s engage broker a as policy proposals, of formulator a as ment of information to those living with conflict, asa fa educator. an dialogue,as and of cilitator ), ), to a staff of 63 € O RI P (born 1953) holds a PhD in history in PhD a holds 1953) (born
). Among the most noteworthy changes at PRIO PRIO at changes noteworthy most the Among ). . € hoto:Are Hovdenak, P Stein Tønnesson Stein He Asia. Southeast and Vietnam on specialist a is and succeeding 2001, in PRIO of directorship the up took Dan Smith. During director, Tønnesson’s eight PRIO years has as expanded a staff considerably, of 41 from person-years in 2001, with a turnover of approximately NOK 40m (4.5 person-years in 2008 and a turnover of NOK 74m (8.3 during his period of office has beena considerable strengthening of the CyprusPRIO Centre page (see 14 for further details), of which he has been personally project leader, as well as the establishment of PRIO’s Centre for the Study of Civil War (CSCW) in 2003 (see the centre section more of this information report about for CSCW). profile strengthening a academic the Tønnesson of spearheaded has of the institute and has given considerable priority to enhancing the administrative infrastructure PRIO at (born 1961) holds a PhD PhD a holds 1961) (born
O was published by Palgrave RI P Social Networks and Migration in hoto:Are Hovdenak, P since since then. He founded the and PRIO at project Affected (AMAC) Communities Assistance to Mine- was central in the establishment of the Migration institute’s team (see page the CSCW 6). working He group has on International Transnational also and Facets led of first monograph, Civil War. Wartime Harpviken’s Afghanistan, Macmillan2009. May in Kristian Berg Harpviken in sociology. His main research interests dynamics of are civil war, the migration and transnational communities, and methodology contexts, with in a particular challenging focus and its neighbourhood. on Harpviken led the Afghanistan Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding programme at PRIO in 2004–2005 and comes from the post of deputy director at the institute. He is recruited the first director internally at PRIO since 1981. came Harpviken to PRIO in 1993 and, despite several periods at universities in Norway associated with and the institute in a range of capacities abroad, has been New PRIO Director PRIO New formally took over as as over took formally when Harpviken was was Harpviken when director of the institute, institute, the of director Tønnesson’s leadership. leadership. Tønnesson’s and may be renewed for for renewed be may and The succession was very very was succession The
Kristian Berg Harpviken Harpviken Berg Kristian PRIO runs for four years, years, four for runs PRIO a second four-year period. four-year second a appointed deputy director director deputy appointed On 1 July 2009, PRIO got got PRIO 2009, July 1 On smooth, both for staff and and staff for both smooth,
as the two men had worked worked had men two the as closely together since 2005, 2005, since together closely at PRIO. The directorship at at directorship The PRIO. at for the directors themselves, themselves, directors the for a new director. On that date, date, that On director. new a following eight years of Stein Stein of years eight following
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 02 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 05
seminarwith directors of . – former, current and upcoming currentupcoming and former, – with Johan Galtung, withBrock Johan Birgit for approximately 300 former and and former 300 approximately for The AlumniThe Day
: A Peace Opportunity Missed? Is the World Getting Peace OpportunityA theWorld Is Missed? Director’sDay LessPeaceful – Again? institutesScandinavian research peace PRIO directors discuss peace in theirindirectors discuss peace PRIO geographical area of expertise of area geographical event) (public
11 June: Day Peace The 11 • • June 12 Seminar Alumni Skjelsbæk Inger & Botes Johannes Utne, Party Alumni staff PRIO’s of currentmembers
– drawings – – PRIO researchers’ own researchers’ PRIO – [Women, Peace and and Peace [Women, Waltz withBashir Waltz sculpture project AnniversaryExhibitions with screening of Ari Folman’s 2008 withAriscreening of Folman’s photography exhibition photography ChildSoldier Reflections Vernissage, Peace – and Encounters War Human in Krafft’s Sunniva photos from fieldwork from photos ResearcherstheField in hotos:Julien Bessière hoto:Andreas Kittelsen AlumniParty: PRIO veterans Håkan Wiberg, PeterWallensteen, Ingrid Eide JohanGaltung anniversaryhisgives speech theCity at Hall. P P
6 June: 6 Human Encounters and War in Peace • • • • • June: 8 GenderThe Day fred sikkerhetog Kvinner, Norwegian) (in Security],conference June: 10 Day Film The seminar Film animateddocumentary hosted hosted seminar – Gudleiv Forr’s book on on book Forr’s Gudleiv – [Strife and Peace] and [Strife ryce P Tentative History Perception a – of Tentative hoto:Andreas Kittelsen P Stridfredog hoto:Marit Moe- NilsPetter Gleditsch speaks the at PRIO Anniversary panelISA at NewYork in P KristianBerg Harpviken Berntand Aardal (chair PRIOof board). 12 May: NorwayImage The of Peace 12 asa Nation: (internal event) Pharo with Helge May:28 Booklaunch PRIO, 5–6June: Transitional and Economic Justice, Colombia Bogotá, Conference, FICHL June: 5 Formal Anniversary Reception Stang Fabian Mayor and Oslo theCity of by June: 6 Guided historicaltour of PRIO sites with chairthe Bull, Bernt former of (internalevent), guide as Board, PRIO at the at of the Forum for theForumfor of AnniversaryReception In In May 2009, we launched a book on
15 February: 15 StudiestheInternational of AnnualConvention York New Association, February: 16 Research FiftyPeace of – Years theAnnual at Convention AnniversaryRoundtable York New Association, Studies theInternational of March: 18 Launch Ethics (PeacE) Peacebuilding History. past, PRIO’s Gudleiv Strid Forr’s og fred [Strife and Peace], which covers the 50 years of the institute’s history. AnniversaryEvents Interdisciplinary • – independent, internationalindependent, – International International
• In In connection with the anniversary,
hoto:Julien Bessière PRIOFounders thereception at OsloCity in Hall. Mari Holmboe JohanRuge, Galtung, Ingrid Eide. P exhibitions are now permanent. now exhibitionsare From the outset, PRIO focused on values that remain that values on focused PRIO outset, the From we that and thinking today strategic our of core the at still find vitalfor good andrelevant peaceresearch: be to needs and – is PRIO interdisciplinary. and PRIO’s 50th anniversary was celebrated June. throughout5–12 in theweek events peak witha of 2009, Culture. PRIO organized a major arts project that included sculpture and drawings. exhibitionsphotography, of These works were displayed at the formal opening of the exhibitions at PRIO on 6 June 2009. The Independent Independent PRIO 1959–2009 PRIO internationally. internationally.
academics that included included that academics associates in many parts many in associates institute was founded by by founded was institute its 50th anniversary. The anniversary. 50th its centre. In addition, PRIO PRIO addition, In centre.
In 2009, PRIO celebrated celebrated PRIO 2009, In of Norway’s academic and and academic Norway’s of a vigorous group of young young of group vigorous a Ruge and Erik Rinde, with Rinde, Erik and Ruge political circles – as well as as well as – circles political Ingrid Eide, Mari Holmboe Holmboe Mari Eide, Ingrid had supporters and engaged engaged and supporters had Johan Galtung at the absolute absolute the at Galtung Johan
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 04 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 07
Marta
Marielle IvanKoniar MAStudents MarielleStigum FlorianKrampe Tomasz Zuradzki Tomasz VisitingScholars MariaBergram Aas Florian Krampe Maria BergramAas Jørgen Carling María & Jørgen Hanne Eggen Røislien Eggen Hanne Torunn L. Tryggestad Torunn Morten Bergsmo Bergsmo Morten Nobuo Hayashi Hayashi Nobuo Tale Steen-Johnsen Steen-Johnsen Tale Jørgen Carling Karin & Jørgen Fathimath Inger Skjelsbæk Inger María Carretero Hernández HenrikSyse Suk Yun Chun SukYun AnitaSchjølset ErlendPaasche IngerSkjelsbæk Tale Steen-Johnsen Tale (supervisor at PRIO: Gregory Reichberg) Gregory PRIO: at (supervisor Hernández Carretero Hernández Afeef Training for International for Publication on Training International and Transnationalism Migration (TIP-TIM), PunishmentSocial and Perpetrator, Rape? Why Narratives, ServesGoodJew theDefenseIsrael in Forces!’ ‘A ReligiontheRole MilitaryStudyof of a A in Meaning, of Universe Reichberg) Gregory PRIO: at (supervisor MilitaryNecessity, Theorizing in Moralities MoneyRisk, and Migration(TRiMM), Helene Christiansen Helene Ingierd Reichberg) Gregory PRIO: at (supervisor Women, Implementationon Resolution UN of 1325 Security,Peace and RemittancePolicy Environment: Practices and Reconciliation ExplorativeAn – Study Towards Africa, South and Zimbabwe on Legality Migrant Illegality and France, in Hayashi) Nobuo PRIO: at (Supervisor TheMentalState theRequirementInternational of Genocide,Crime of NegotiatingChancesUnequal Life Through Migration, Carling) Jørgen PRIO: at (supervisor Peacebuilding:NetworksSocial Faith-Based A in Analysis,Capital A Decisionmaker Moral On Beinga War: in NormativeAnalysis Peacekeepers, Focusingon Advocacy Transnational Networks the and Integration theNorwegian and Transnationalism, ChangingIdentity: Belligerents Transformation ConstructingDiscourse Media theMigrant: and Exclusion for from Refugee Grounds as Terror TheStatus: Potential Refugee Impacton of Law Drafton UN Convention a Comprehensive InternationalTerrorism, (supervisor at PRIO: Kristian PRIO: Harpviken) at (supervisorBerg (supervisor at PRIO: Gregory Reichberg) Gregory PRIO: at (supervisor Cindy Horst & Karin & FathimathHorst Afeef Cindy (supervisor at PRIO: Helga Hernes) Helga PRIO: at (supervisor Skjelsbæk) Inger PRIO: at (Supervisor Horst) Cindy IntegrationNorway, in Among Pakistanis Carling) Jørgen PRIO: at (supervisorErdal Bivand Carling & Jørgen PRIO: Stigumat (Supervisors ResearchAssistants MohamedHusein Gaas Torunn Lise TryggestadLise Torunn
• • OngoingDoctoral Projects • • • • • • • • MAStudent Projects • • • •
CindyHorst
HelgaHernes Researchers JørgenCarling NobuoHayashi Cindy Horst, Horst, Cindy Helga Hernes, Hernes, Helga MortenBergsmo MaríaHernández MartaBivand Erdal HanneEggen Røislien KarinFathimath Afeef Ingeborg Haavardsson, Haavardsson, Ingeborg MaríaHernández Carretero Morten Bergsmo & Nobuo Nobuo & Bergsmo Morten Anita Schjølset , Cindy Horst & Erlend Paasche Erlend & Horst Cindy , Jørgen Carling Karin & Jørgen covers a broader range of research research of range broader a covers
Gregory Reichberg & Henrik & Syse Reichberg Gregory KarinFathimathAfeef Karin Fathimath Afeef, Mohamed Husein Gaas Gaas KarinHusein Mohamed FathimathAfeef, María Carretero& Hernández Challenges of Migration for Peace and Reconciliation, and Peace for MigrationChallenges of Transnational in Immobility and Mobility Children’s Networks, Family War, Ethicsof Comparative Peace Diasporas(DIASPEACE), for Peace, and EthicalDimensions War of Henrik & Syse Reichberg Gregory Peacebuilding,Conflict and Gender, Sydnes Ane Tryggestad, Torunn Skjelsbæk, Inger Chun Yun Suk & Egeland Remittances Norway, in fromImmigrants Carling, MartaErdal,Jørgen Bivand Evaluation of theProgrammeEvaluation of ‘Information,Return International for Forum Criminaland Exploring theWomen: theGender and i Gap NATO theArmed n Forces, FathimathAfeef and Reintegration and from Nationals Iraq to Iraqi of Law, Humanitarian Hayashi Norway(IRRINI)’
• • • • • • • •
• • (Ashgate). Conducting(Ashgate). fieldwork inmultiple sites is increasingly common in research on migration and transnationalism, but has been criticized as being with incompatible in-depth Horst holistic fieldwork. strategies suggests and criticism this with issue takes for combining multiple field sites analysis. This contribution withreflects the of ambition in-depth of forefront the at be to researchers migration PRIO’s refiningmethodology. and research developing Ethical, Legal and Religious Dimensions ConflictArmed of than Research the peace. two and other war teams, of but aspects is normative centred around on a focus areas include the ethical and legal accountability of actors in war, religious foundations for engagement in conflict, and the peacebuilding potentialof inter- co- team the in scholars legal Thedialogue. religious ordinate the Forum for International Criminal and Humanitarian Law. In 2009, the of team Maria consisted Bergram Aas , Røislien, Eggen Morten Hanne Reichberg, Gregory Bergsmo, Hayashi, Nobuo Tale Steen-Johnsen, and Henrik Syse. Milestones in 2009 included the launch by the Criminal International Court (ICC) of a new knowledge-transfer platform designed by Bergsmo. The platform PRIO is openly available through researcher Morten the Court’s website and exchange is of information intended on international to criminal facilitate humanrights and law. ENIProjects 2009in
addresses Multi-Sited Ethnography Migration and migration international of aspectstheoretical central Transnationalism and transnationalism, as well as the ways in which these phenomena are connected with conflict. The peace team is and currently engaged in large several European research and transnationalism. projects In 2009 the team on consisted migration of Karin Fathimath Afeef, Jørgen Bivand Carling, Marta Erdal, Mohamed Hernández Carretero, Cindy Horst, Erlend Paasche Husein include Gaas, 2009 Stigum.Highlights Mariellefrom and María the publication Explored’ of “Depth” of Question The ‘ExpandingSites: Cindy Horst’s book in chapter the edited volume In Global Governance. Resolution 1325 has made little difference in terms of of terms in difference little made has 1325 Resolution changed policies and practices. She argues that the has resolution been important as an expression of a new norm. Furthermore, the exemplifies resolution how the UN Security Council can cutting nurture cross- thematic both issues with member-states in and nongovernmental with close organizations networks of cooperation experts. and individual Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, SecurityPeace, Women, on 1325 Council Resolution and Security’, published in this article, Tryggestad addresses suggestions that icolasHolzeu, Flickr addresses addresses N
hoto: P Boys bathingBoys near Dohuk, Iraq. MichelsencooperationIn Institute with Chr. theUniversity and of Dohuk,PRIO evaluating is theNorwegian programme government’s voluntary for returnIraqi of refugees asylum and seekers thisto region. Sydnes Sydnes Egeland, Helga Hernes, Inger Anita Skjelsbæk Schjølset, and Torunn Tryggestad. from the team article included Torunn Tryggestad’s Output ‘Trick or Treat? The UN and Implementation of Gender, SecurityGender, and Peacebuilding the different effects of armed conflicton men and women, along with their different security and their different peacebuilding.capacities for The needs team studies the charactergendered of perceptions, thesewhichin experiences, theways and and values shape understandings of conflict. A largecurrent research part is related of to UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace DuringChun, Suk Ane of 2009, theconsisted team and Security. ProgrammeLeader: IngerSkjelsbæk (January June), - Jørgen Carling (July December) - Ethics Norms and and Norms Ethics Identities Peacebuilding; Peacebuilding; (2) Migration and and Migration (2) (3) Ethical, Legal and and Legal Ethical, (3) other leading research research leading other Religious Dimensions Dimensions Religious PRIO consists of three three of consists PRIO Transnationalism; and and Transnationalism; extensive international international extensive environments through through environments within the humanities. humanities. the within areas, and are linked to to linked are and areas, The Ethics, Norms and and Norms Ethics, The of Armed Conflict. The Conflict. Armed of Over the past five years, years, five past the Over distinct research teams: teams: research distinct (1) Gender, Security and and Security Gender, (1)
Identities programme at at programme Identities dominated by disciplines disciplines by dominated however, research within within research however,
and Identities programme programme Identities and an emphasis on normative normative on emphasis an dimensions of conflict and and conflict of dimensions was originally created with created originally was towards the social sciences. social the towards teams constitute clusters of of clusters constitute teams the programme has shifted shifted has programme the expertise in their respective respective their in expertise peacebuilding, and was long long was and peacebuilding, networks. The Ethics, Norms, Norms, Ethics, The networks.
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 06 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 09 HaraldViken MAStudents IngvildMagnæs Gjelsvik O RI P ArneStrand JasonMiklian NicholasMarsh HildeWallacher John P. Linstroth II JohnP. ØysteinRolandsen FridaAustvoll Nome FieldworkIndia.in Allphotos: Jason Miklian, HildeHenriksen Waage
GinaLende ÅshildKolås Researchers Are HovdenakAre David Isenberg David Wenche Hauge Wenche KajaBorchgrevink JørgenJensehaugen KjellErling Kjellman KristianBerg Harpviken Ingvild Magnæs Nicholas Marsh (supervisor Marsh Nicholas Are Hovdenak Are Harald Viken (supervisor at at (supervisor Viken Harald led by Stein Tønnesson Stein by led Øystein Rolandsen led by Åshild Kolås by led led by Arne Strand by led Rethinkingthe Gaza: The in Hamas Rule of ProspectsPeace, for Religious Networks: The Transborder of Case ReligiousEducation Afghanistan in Pakistan, and Kristian by led Harpviken Berg TheArmedby Acquisition Groups Weapons of War, Civil Engaged in Guerilleras: ReintegrationStudyCase on A FARC of Perspectives Reintegration on DemobilizedWomen’s ProgrammesColombia, in Qualitative A Past: Troubled a Tackling Students’ and Views Teachers’ Investigation on of Northern in 10 IrishDealing Year withtheTroubles HistoryEducation, Peace and ReconciliationPeace and theEastern in Mediterranean, Status,Current Future theSudan: Peacebuildingin Directions, Treaty, Arms an Trade ProgressingTowards theCyprus in Peace Process,Religious Tracks (SHUR), Conflict The Rightsin Human Role of at PRIO: Stein Tønnesson) Stein PRIO: at Gjelsvik (supervisor at PRIO: Wenche Hauge) Wenche PRIO: Gjelsvikat (supervisor Pastoralism in China: National PoliciesChina: Local in and Pastoralism Practices, Hilde Wallacher Hilde PRIO: Åshild Kolås) PRIO: led by Kristian by led Harpviken Berg
• • DoctoralProjects • MAStudent Projects • • • • • • • •
, ,
, led by Hilde Hilde by led , Jason Miklian Jason , Jason Miklian Jason , Kjell ErlingKjell Kjellman ØysteinRolandsen led by Nicholas Marsh Nicholas by led led by Wenche Hauge Wenche by led HenriksenWaage KristianHarpviken Berg DatatheAnalysis‘Small Armsfor Survey’, DocumentingPeace theComprehensive Sudan Agreement, DomesticPeaceful Capabilitiesfor Conflict Ecuador, Study of Comparative Management:A Venezuela, and Tunisia Madagascar, Hauge Wenche by led theMiddle Powersin East Great Money LaunderingHawala the on Terrorism and Indo-NepalBorder Institutional Cooperation, IDSA–PRIO Insurgency,Maoist India’s Diffusion: and Innovation TacticalRepertoires and Mobilization, Pakistan, in Women and Islamism theReligious Mapping Landscape Afghanistan, in Norwegian Small Arms on Initiative Transfers (NISAT), Afghanistan in a NeighbourhoodAfghanistan a Perspective in Afghanistan:Intra-Alliance Analysis, AfghanistanRegions Origin of Initiative, AssistanceMine-Affectedto (AMAC), Communities Haiti Context in ConflictDDR a Prevention in led by Nicholas Marsh Nicholas by led ArneStrand Kaja Borchgrevink Kaja Kaja Borchgrevink Kaja led by Kristian by led Harpviken Berg led by Kjell Erling Kjell Kjellman by led led by Åshild Kolås by led
• • • • • • • • • • • CRPBProjects 2009in • • • • •
is a key key a is in support of peace- building is a of topic research collaborative with the Conflict,and for Centre Geneva-based Development Peacebuilding at the Graduate involvement The Studies. Institute Development and national of Inter- of civil society actors in conflict ‘Domestic project the management in topic key a also is and resolution Capabilities for Peaceful thatwhich investigates thefacilitate localconditions Conflict Management’, conflict. to responding and preventing for capacities Internationalresearch cooperation on research Joint projects. CRPB many aspect of localfocusingHaiti, on conflictin management mechanisms, been carriedhas resolution conflict Kiskeya of theUniversity from with researchers out with theInstitute cooperation In Port-au-Prince. in theChinese of Anthropology and Ethnology of researchers CRPB Social Sciences, of Academy studying are thechallenges facing pastoralist resolution conflict on Research communities. carriedtheinstitutional is under frameworks out theInstitute for and between PRIO cooperation Delhi. New Analyses (IDSA), and Studies Defence research facilitate to is this Theaimcooperation of exchange and and India inbetween academics non-traditional thestudyof focusing on Norway, Afghanistan,in securitydevelopments On issues. carried research several have out researchers CRPB with projects partners theAfghanin organization has PRIO (CPAU). Unity and Peace for Cooperation seminars with of Afghanseriesinvited a hosted also with Michelsen Chr. cooperation in speakers, Institute(CMI). The role of civil society
have key competence on on competence key have
ProgrammeLeader: Åshild Kolås Arms Trade Treaty, the use of private military private of theuse Treaty, ArmsTrade theof regulation and theUSA, by contractors arms trade. Norway’s case studies on mine action initiatives and theinitiatives action and mine studiescase on Studies localcommunities. landmines on of impact ownership national carriedfocused2009on in out deminingin localcommunities of therole and SmallArms The Norwegianon Initiative processes. maintains (NISAT) database onlinean Transfers small armsof alltransfers,covering aspects of trafficking and the trade small in armslight and are website and database The NISAT weapons. researchers, for information of sources unique (including international organizations and NGOs In theOECD). and Commission theEuropean carriedalso have out researchers 2009,NISAT an towards themultinational studiesprocess on India, Madagascar, Nepal, Pakistan Nepal, as Sudan, Madagascar, India, and East. Theirspans theMiddle in research as well on withmethods, emphasis anrangeof broad a empiricallystudies based including The fieldwork. carry to is programme theCRPB of agenda core criticaltheories and and on innovative research out peacebuilding, conflictdynamics, of practices and conflict, to includingrelationship responses the peacebuilding. and betweendevelopment Smallarms proliferation and mineaction the by hosted two thematicprojects of thetopics are Mine-Affected to Assistance programme. CRPB numerous conducted has (AMAC) Communities CRPBresearchers conflict resolution conflictthedynamics and of Afghanistan,countries suchinas Brazil, Burma/ Cyprus, Haiti, Guatemala, Colombia, Myanmar, Confllict Resolution and and Resolution Confllict Peacebuilding peacebuilding. transfers, mine action, action, mine transfers, and dialogue activities, activities, dialogue and of peace processes, and and processes, peace of capabilities for peaceful peaceful for capabilities The Conflict Resolution Resolution Conflict The of efforts to manage and and manage to efforts of
regulation of small arms small of regulation the role of civil society in in society civil of role the to party politics, histories histories party politics, to research on a broad range range broad a on research Topics of research include include research of Topics resolve conflicts, conducts conducts conflicts, resolve arms proliferation and the the and proliferation arms transitions from militancy militancy from transitions
research, analysis, support support analysis, research, programme at PRIO seeks seeks PRIO at programme and Peacebuilding (CRPB) (CRPB) Peacebuilding and solid research competence. competence. research solid rooting all engagements in in engagements all rooting to develop synergy between between synergy develop to projects with researchers in in researchers with projects projects, and promotes joint joint promotes and projects, policy analysis and dialogue dialogue and analysis policy conflict management, small management, conflict institutional frameworks for for frameworks institutional conflict resolution, domestic domestic resolution, conflict The programme undertakes undertakes programme The countries affected by conflict. conflict. by affected countries
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 08 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 11
PinarTank OlaTunander KristinSandvik ChristaWaters SteinTønnesson MaritMoe-Pryce IngerHelene Sira Pinar Tank (super- Pinar Tank Jacobsen Carretero Nina Boy (supervisor at PRIO: PRIO: at (supervisor Boy Nina KatharinaLast SonjaKittelsen KristofferLidén MonicaHanssen ElidaK. Undrum MaríaHernández J. Peter Burgess; to be completed in 2010) 2010) in completed be to Burgess; Peter J. Turkey’s Military Crossroad: Elite a at Turkey’s Desecuritization?,to Paths Security of WhatKind Does Financial Security Provide?, visors at PRIO: Pavel Baev & J. Peter Burgess; Burgess; Peter J. & Baev Pavel PRIO: at visors 2009) in completed
• •
NinaBoy Pavel Baev Pavel JonasGräns
J.PeterBurgess ResearchStaff StephanDavidshofer KristofferLidén led by Pinar by Tank led led by Pavel Baev Pavel by led ThePeacebuilding, thePeaceEthics of and Liberal Burgess Peter J. by led PivotalStates, Security:Enquiry Newfor Framework A (SAFE), Burgess Peter J. by led The Social Determination of Risk (SORISK), TheSocial Determination (SORISK), Risk of Burgess Peter J. by led Transformation of Russia’s Military, Military, Russia’s of Transformation ThePeacebuilding, Ethicsof (supervisor at PRIO: J. Peter Burgess; Burgess; Peter J. PRIO: at (supervisor 2010) in completed be to
• • •
• • DoctoralProjects •
led by J. Peter Burgess Peter J. by led led by J. Peter Burgess Peter J. by led O RI P led by J. Peter Burgess Burgess Peter J. by led
TheChanging Liberty Landscape European of Security and (CHALLENGE), Burgess Peter J. by led ConvergingConflictingValues and Ethical theInternal/External in Security Continuum (INEX), Europe in Cross-SectoralObservations Threat of Perceptions (CORPS), DilemmasIntervention,Humanitarian of Under Threat: TheEurope New Culture Insecurity of (EUROSIP), Global(GLOBE), BorderEnvironment Burgess Peter J. by led led by Ola Tunander Ola by led
SecurityProgramme Projects 2009in • • • • • •
hoto:Jason Miklian, P FieldworkIndia.in
is a new book is an internationallyrecognizedan is J. J. Peter Burgess is the Programme
The Geopolitics of American Insecurity, for for individual research projects is assured
Staff in social 2009.in background academic broad a has and Leader and political theory, cultural literature history, and linguistics, philosophy. He Security and Foreign Policies bothformer the under previously worked programme and the Ethics, Norms and taking the revamping and over PRIO, Identities at programme Security2003.Programmein research research proposals for European terrorism, and funding gender as diverse as in areas Research Area bioterrorism. migrationand The PRIO New Security Studies series, also based within the Security Programme. It is edited by J. Peter Burgess Routledge (London). The and aim published of the by book series is to gather state-of-the-art theoretical reflection and empirical research into a core set of volumes respond that vigorously and dynamically challenges to to security scholarship. The the book series new consists of monographs, edited volumes and a new Handbook of Security Studies. The the first series, book in was published towards the end of 2008, and eleven 2010. for scheduled are books SecurityDialogue journal anand peer-reviewed important pillar the of debating for forum botha Securityis It Programme. state-of-the-art security and of research premises the a point of dissemination for research in the fields prioritized by the programme. Security is currently Dialogue ranked as no. 9 in international the ISI relations rating for journals, 1.469. of withfactor an impact expanding field of risksecured studies. the Its programme funding success project for has on a ‘The Social follow-up Determination of Threat: Terrorist Concepts of Threat in Norwegian and EU Anti-Terror Law’, which will kick-off in 2010. ‘The Liberal Peace and project is situated the solidly within the offield political Ethics of ethics, Peacebuilding’ yet links to a broad scope of competence in PRIO. studies at area Funding by the European Union, the Research the Norway, CouncilNorwegian Ministry of of Foreign Affairs taking While Defence. of Ministry Norwegian the and advantage of already existing research networks in Europe and elsewhere, the is Security working to Programme strengthen relations with partners European and currently developing a number of . were were the EU Seventh plays a key role in effortsin role key a plays
formative importance: formative ‘The Social Determination of Risk’ places PRIO’s Security Programme squarely within a vibrant Norwegian new research and area, linking international to expertise in the ‘The Changing Landscape and of Security’ European (CHALLENGE). Liberty INEX Security crowns Programme’s the project it is portfolio the first in EU Framework at that project PRIO, to be and based the ‘Security’ only theme to be coordinated project by a Norwegian within institute. the The EU’s international personality of Securityfurther is Programme its through filledout PRIO’s participation in the European Science Foundation/ NATO programme ‘Security: Enquiry’(SAFE). A Framework for In addition to the above, the Security Programme has in 2009 been involved in two other projects of the ethics of intervention, arms sociology, control, institutional military politics central been has strategy double-edged This transfer. and small arms in the expansion of the Security Programme into a enhanced programme, internationalengaged widely bothby state-of-the-art empirical and high-research reflection theoretical philosophical and level Core Projects in 2009Framework Programme and Conflicting projects Ethical ValuesExternal ‘Converging in Security Continuum the in Internal/ and Europe’ ‘Global (INEX) Border Environment’ the (GLOBE), and Sixth Framework Programme project on of of the programme have Europe typically relations, been the particular, Russia– and Turkey Cyprus) and Southeast Mediterranean Asia. basin These (in geopolitical priorities by a are number security of of notion the theoretical in shifts complemented reflect that approaches and culture-historical and evolving political health priorities security, environmental – security, migration for studies, European political history, cultural example, studies, and legal and economic theory. programme In this seeks way, to the remain efforts to at understand a new the era of security forefront threats of and securitization politicalabout legitimacy, ethnic conflict, practices, terrorism, raising questions ProgrammeLeader: J. PeterBurgess Cross-disciplinarystudy better to chart understand evolvingour and security reality. To this end, the Security Programme has a twofold research strategy, aimed at broadening the scope of its theoretical approach and increasing the empirical interests. its depthof Research in the Security Programme is a based on complementary relation between area on research, the one interests geographical hand, Core other. the on disciplines, and thematic and theoretical Security Programme Security approaches. approaches. of methodological methodological of at PRIO comprises comprises PRIO at its traditional policy policy traditional its an evolving universe universe evolving an respond to a range of of range a to respond new fields of security of fields new perspectives, the pro- the perspectives, the changing security security changing the emphasize the state as as state the emphasize the primary referent of of referent primary the research based on both both on based research and the United Nations Nations United the and projects focusing on the the on focusing projects gramme aims to develop develop to aims gramme security. While retaining retaining While security. interdisciplinary research research interdisciplinary The Security Programme Programme Security The security challenges, while while challenges, security ways in which individuals, individuals, which in ways at the same time exploring exploring time same the at challenges of our time and and time our of challenges states, the European Union Union European the states, new approaches that do not not do that approaches new
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 10 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 13 was International Peacekeeping, ProjectMembers J.PeterBurgess (Project Leader)(PRIO) LarsChristie (PRIO Norwegian and Ministry Foreign Affairs)of SteinSundstøl Eriksen (NUPI) JonasGräns (PRIO), Gina Lende (PRIO) KristofferLidén (PRIO) Richmond (University OliverP. Andrews) St of OleJacob Sending (NUPI) IngerSkjelsbæk (PRIO) EliStamnes (NUPI) EndreStiansen (PRIO, Norwegian now Ministry Foreign of Affairs) Shahrbanou(PRIO Tadjbakhsh Sciences and Po, Paris) L. Tryggestad (PRIO) Torunn OUTPUT (including forthcoming TOTAL and relatedpublications) Lecturespresentations / 29 : Articles(peer-reviewed): 15 PopularArticles: 10 Bookchapters: 5 SpecialIssue (International Peacekeeping) Book(forthcoming, ed.Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh) For more project results, see http://www.prio.no/ see results, project more For Research-and-Publications/Project/?oid=64922. Fundingsource: PovertyThe Peace and (POVPEACE)programme theResearch of Norway.Council of
to to the criticism of contribution, Kristoffer Lidén liberaloutlines and assesses peacebuilding. In three his prescriptive ideal types that are found in the peacebuilding. on literatureemerging‘revisionist’ The Forum for established Peacebuilding as part Ethics of the the aim research of project. integrating ethics With within scholarly political and debate on peacebuilding, policymakers academics, arena for and practitioners it provides an to exchange ideas on dilemmas the that ethical peacebuilding problems operations addition and face. to In holding regular seminars, the maintains Forum a webpage withforum. discussion onlinean (www.prio.no/peaceethics) A A special issue of edited by Kristoffer Lidén, Roger articles of series a thatRichmond,contains P. Oliver Mac Ginty and politicalresponses theoretical and of range a present
11(3): 11(3): is there- is
2009.
15(4): 15(4): Global 16(15): 635–652. 635–652. 16(15): 35(3): 557–580. 35(3): Twenty BosnianFocus Twenty Participants’, Group International Feminist Politics Journalof 392–411. Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou, 2009.‘Conflicted Values: and Outcomes Peace (Neo)Liberal Centralin Asia Afghanistan’, and InternationalPeace- keeping Tryggestad, L., Torunn The UN Treat? ‘Trickor Implementation and Security of Council on 1325 Resolution and Peace Women, Security’, Governance 539–557. ReviewInternational of Studies Skjelsbæk,Inger, 2009.‘Traditions Transitions: and “Good of Perceptions Among Womanhood” has developed a theory of ‘post- of theory a developed has
2009. calls for the development of a new Public
Special 2009.
International 16(15): 616–635. 16(15): 1(1): 45–57. 1(1): Selected Publications fore better understood as a ‘hybrid peace’ rather than rather peace’ ‘hybrid a as understood better fore the absence of a liberal peace. The character of this hybrid is primarily determined by local actors and local culture, but would not international come about interference. without Such a inherently good hybrid or is bad. Ethical not startparticular theanalysis of from assessment cases. must This finding ethical for basis a as peacebuilding of theorypolitical debate on international policies. In addition, a pool contextualof ethical be built should up assessments to provide a resource for better decision making. In initial studies,few case ina the key steps to addition theproject. by thismade been direction have Richmond P. Oliver liberal extractingpeace’, ethical implications of the the conceptualization hybridity for above-mentioned of peacebuilding. His argument was first presented in an article in Review of International Studies (see currently is and being below) ‘SelectedPublications’ book. a into developed Liberal Peace’, LiberalPeace’, Reason Eriksen,Stein Sundstøl, ‘TheIs Liberal Peace Peacebuilding, Neither: Statebuildingand of Reproduction Conflict in the Republic Democratic Congo’, of Peacekeeping, 652–667. 16(15): Issue, Lidén,Kristoffer, 2009.‘Building Between Global Peace Local and Politics: The Cosmopolitical Liberal Ethicsof Peacebuilding’, InternationalPeace- keeping Richmond, Oliver, a and 2009. ‘Eirenism Peace’, Post-Liberal The outcomeliberalThe of peacebuilding Endre J. & Begby, Burgess, Peter Security ‘Human and rightly observe
that both the prescription prescription theboth that the criticism liberal of peace-
affected populations. They also radically overestimate overestimate radically also They populations. affected the capacity of international fundamental political agencies change, opening a to Pandora’s induce consequences. unintended of Box On the other hand, building outlined above reproduces an external of interests politicaldistinction thebetween unhelpful and internal actors. This distinction confirmsimage the of host populations as ‘non-liberal others’, a negative of the picture of populations with inherent dynamics political local actual The aspirations. liberal of peacebuilding are not grasped by such an image. While critics are right to point out a problem with policies, peacebuildinginternational of premises the the practices and local effects from that these policies have were not followed at all identical to original the policy objectives in examined the by the empirical project. cases Already strategic at planning, the policies point were of compromised by the contextual conditions of the the implementation and long-term operations, effects of and these strategies were completely dependent on the local political environment. development, development, political and legal Onlywithetc.transitional thejustice, reform, sector reform, security turn towards statebuilding as a central ingredient of peacebuilding has this framework ignore. to obvious become too Critics of liberal peacebuilding two last the of operations peace international the that well-functioningin resulted liberal not have decades market democracies. Rather than actors in the countries, host they ascribe this failure blaming local to the reliance of political interests peacebuilding and assumptions that are strategies foreign upon related are claims These environment. conflict the to to the uncontroversial observation operations have been that marked by insufficient previous levels both local and of local participation. ownership This criticism involves a problem of efficiency, because the lack of these factors hinders the building self-sustainable of a peace. In addition, though, it also implies an ethical problem of not reducible to legitimacy questions of efficiency. that In general is that is the political that terms,objective the problem extensive an called been has what justifies supposedly experiment in social engineering is not achieved. projectconcludedThe and criticism of liberal on peacebuilding flawed representations are of based acknowledge the to fail policies Orthodox peacebuilding. local politics of the tension between peacebuilding the and the political interests and objectives identities of of empha-
sizes sizes the political international peace operations. Since the end of the determined predominantly premises been have these and War, Cold objectives liberalism. of political to committed powers Western by these UN, the like organizations international Within countries have promoted a programme the based idea that both domestic and on international peace are to be achieved through political and economic liberalization. In this the assumption peacebuilding mainly framework for technical figuresdebates on socio-economic literature, as an implicit peacebuilding’, peacebuilding’, with a focus on power, culture and gender. Project activities analysis,Afghanistan, studiescase from and Bosnia included philosophical Congo, the of Republic Democratic the Herzegovina, Guatemala, Liberia, Somalia and Sudan, along with comparative policy studies Commission. Peacebuilding the UN of members and interviews with The concept of liberal peacebuilding for For For a long time, this
O RI P hoto:Jason Miklian, P the project on ‘The Liberal of Peace and the Ethics Peacebuilding’ normative and empirical conceptual, the investigated (2007–2009). premises of the prescriptions Theand critique of ‘liberal project objectives objectives of international peacebuilding the critics policies. convincing no had Until recently, answer. The alternative of non-interference raised as many ethical questions as the unsuccessful imposition of And, societies. postwar in democracy’ market ‘liberal withinwhich framework conceptual no existed there to address any political alternatives that might lie in ethicalan perspective. extremesbetween from these Prescriptive debates centred on how to improve the techniques of peacebuilding, while the underlying political premises remained efficiency. of implicit. problem a to chronicallywas reduced Legitimacy This situation provided the motivation ‘What’s the alternative?’ was the usual response to criticism of the political Behind the Scenes Scenes the Behind Peacebuilding Liberal of liberal liberal refers to to refers end of the Cold War. War. Cold the of end The concept of of concept The peacebuilding
efforts to build a ‘liberal ‘liberal a build to efforts
for all major international international major all for peace operations since the the since operations peace
peace’ through political and and political through peace’
an approach has provided the the provided has approach an
economic liberalization. Such Such liberalization. economic regulative political framework framework political regulative
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 12 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 15
ArneStrand (Directoruntil (Directorfrom September2009) September2009) On 3 April 2008, GregoryM. Reichberg As part of PRIO’s 50th anni- Ayla GürelAyla MeteHatay GuidoBonino RebeccaBryant OlgaDemetriou Nicos Trimikliniotis Nicos BeyondThe Bicommunalism: Representation Ethno-Religious Romaand Maronites, Status of and Cyprus ‘Converts’in CriticalHistorical Studies Heritage Cultural theReconstruction and of IdentitiesAfter (CRIC) Conflict CypriotRefugee Subjectivities: The Structure of Loss and Politics TheAfter:Day Commercial Opportunities FollowingSolutionthetoCyprus a Problem TheReconstructing AfterDay III: Reunified a CyprusScenarios – HolisticReconciliationto Approach A Cyprus in Conflict: Rightsin SocietyCivil The Human Roleof (SHUR) TheCyprus in Media Histories: OneIsland, RethinkingMany thePolitics Cyprus in thePast of PublicInformation Project theProperty on Issue SettlersCyprus in Immigrants and For publicationsFor theCyprus from Centre, page38 see
CostasM. Constantinou
brought together people from both sides of the island. the of sides both from people together brought The two events Israel. featured and Norway internationallyUK, the from acclaimed poets and musicians Supported by a special grant from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and organized with the University of Nicosia, the jazz concert was the first to be Chetinkayaat held Stadium in the buffer zone since the division of the island in events 1974. did The much two to raise awareness of within thelocalwork artistic community. the PCC’s The Opening of Ledra Street. the Ledra Steet crossing in the commercial sector of Old Nicosia, north and south of the Green Line, was reopened after 50 years the of crossing closure. is Because regarded as division the of the island, this event had birthplace great symbolic of the importance. To highlight its significance, in 2009 the PCC published its report The Opening of Ledra Street/Lockmaci Crossing in April 2008: Reactions examines report The Shopkeepers. and Citizens from traditional the opening revitalizedhas how Nicosia’s commercial centre on both Line. The sides findings are of suggestive of the thebeneficial mutually nature of Green increased interactions between theisland. on ethic communities thetwo major ProjectList • • • • • • • • • • • Art for Dialogue. versary the celebrations, PCC organized an evening of poetry reading and an open-air concert, which StaffandConsultants The On 18–20 History has been one
investigates investigates how divisive historical narratives have emerged in Cyprus, how they are reproduced, of production and the about ask might we questions what those narratives that might help us reorient history- dialogue. of form a to division of form a writing from Sustained by grants from the Chrest the Foundation, project began in 2008 with a on conference the politics of history, and has since continued with The publications. seminars and a workshops, of series project also includes the compilation of an archive on intercommunal relations Cyprus.in violence and conflict-related Holistic Approach to Reconciliation. conference annual its organized PCC the 2009, June at the Ledra Palace in the Nicosia buffer zone. This examined how reconciliation has been approached in a number of conflicts around the globe – some resolved, others ongoing – understanding of conflict inCyprus.resolution The in order to utility of further truth addressed themes commissions, the among and was justice, transitional other forms of which in was thevery conference, well attended. An edited volume, based on papers currently is preparation. in presented conference, at the Cyprus problem is commonly perceived conflict exclusively between to theGreek Turkishand be a communities on the island. Though not incorrect, problems theexistence and sidelines thisperception faced by smaller ethno-religious communities Cyprus, in for instance Maronites, PracticesRoma. peacebuildingof theseoften ignore Armenians and theexamine to accordingly aims project This groups. history currentand recent community, status one of the Maronites, focusing community on has especially and 1960, the faced in republic Cypriot bicommunal since problems the the advent since 1974. of The project the has already a documentarypolicy brief and a conference; resulted film is in a currently production. under Critical Historical Studies. of the most divisive elements of the Cyprus conflict – and continues to divide even in the era checkpoints. of open Cypriots see history as an remains it struggle. important ongoing Accordingly, the partof resistant to examination and debate. This project enacted by the two communities, north and south, in response to displacements starting in 1958 and the division of 1974; (2) ‘Research and Grassroots Dialogue’, which deals north and with south, on current the ‘Public Awareness, Life which Stories’, propertyinvolves the attitudes, issue; and (3) compilation of qualitative data, based on interviews suffereddisplacement. withhave individuals who The Cypriot Maronite Community. Cyprus Reuters. and The property issue car car U U hoto:Harun hoto:Harun Thetwo Cypriot leaders andthe UN Secretary General. P UNSecretary General visiting Cyprus 2009.in P which investigates the role of civil society actors in ethno-politicalconflicts. are regularlyPCC researchers invited expertoffer to opinion on matters related negotiations both and to to the other ongoing important as issues, human rights such and reconciliation. PCC research is a leading source of information for international the as such bodies oversight for Cyprus, on reporting Council of Europe and internationalfor NGOs such local the Moreover, Group. Crisis International the as and international media the in appeared regularly have views whose interview researchers, PCC theMail, Financial Times, the Economist Property and Displacement. remains one of the most contentious aspects of the Cyprus problem. In the course of 2009, the this ‘Dialogue – on theme for project initiatednew a PCC CypriotsSeeking Reconciliation: Building and Trust by supported – Issue’ Property the to Approaches New a grant major from the European Commission. The ‘Mapping (1) areas: mainthree into divided is project which includes a survey Displacement’, of of Routes property thelaws and trends demographic major the research research project based at Luiss University in Rome, also collaborated organizations, such with as the Policy Studies in Brussels, Centre the International Centre various for European for Transitional international Justice, the Turkish Economic and Social Research Foundation (TESEV), the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy, and have researchers PCC Council.Britishthe Similarly, participated in two research consortia supported by the European Commission: Cultural Heritage and based Conflict, After Identities of Reconstruction the international an SHUR, and University, Cambridge at of unification, the Centre has also focussed on issues issues on focussed also has Centre unification, the of the effectsthe of negotiations: the in neglected often island’s division on minority groups, the condition growingof the island’s number of migrant workers, and the recovery of historical memory as integral to the process of reconciliation. The Centre’s research has also provided valuable background information for the carrying its In out island. the on trends demographic negotiations, work, particularlythe PCC has maintained close relations with concerning several other Cypriot organizations, including the University of Nicosia and the Centre for Historical Dialogue. Mindful that the impacts Cyprus on conflict international researchers also Centre’s the Union, European relations withinthe and relations within the territory controlled hoto:Rebecca Bryant P LaundryCyprus.in CentreDirector: Arne Strand (January -September), Gregory Reichberg (September December) - PRIO Cyprus Centre Cyprus PRIO even more active even and more engagedin 2009,role thereby Thus, debate. and research for issues new introducing in such to its addition ongoing research topics on as benefits economic possible the and refugees property, sources, including the European Commission. includingCommission. theEuropean sources, For the last two settlement years, of the Cyprus conflict direct have been carried negotiations for out by the a leaders of the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities under the auspices of the UN Secretary-General. These negotiations have organized around several main themes: governance been guarantees; and security property; sharing; power and The leaders’ theeconomy. territory;and matters; EU stated goal is to reach agreement on the terms of a bicommunal, bi-zonal federation, with recognition of the political equality an assume to PCC the encouraged have negotiations of the two sides. These Located in Nicosia, distance walkingwithin but Cyprus of Republic the by of the crossing points through the Green Line, the an Centre offers important people meeting for place from both sides of the divided island, as well as for international scholars. The PCC is supported by Foreign Ministry Norwegianof the a from grant yearly Affairs, funding receives and a variety from other of groups. groups. (PCC) has functioned functioned has (PCC) including on relations relations on including on issues related to the the to related issues on to inform public debate debate public inform to as a bicommunal centre centre bicommunal a as key issues relevant to an an to relevant issues key dialogue. Its chief aim is is aim chief Its dialogue. the PRIO Cyprus Centre Centre Cyprus PRIO the at the centre also publish publish also centre the at
and policy formulation on on formulation policy and eventual settlement of the the of settlement eventual and the status of minority minority of status the and the Balkans more broadly, broadly, more Balkans the
committed to research and and research to committed Since its inception in 2005, 2005, in inception its Since Eastern Mediterranean and and Mediterranean Eastern between Greece and Turkey, Turkey, and Greece between
historiography, human rights rights human historiography, Cyprus problem. Researchers Researchers problem. Cyprus
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 14 t 20 09 r l Repo a Annu Interdisciplinary
•
International
•
Independent
Centre for the Study of Civil War (CSCW) Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) Darul Aman Palace in Kabul. Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) PO Box 9229 Grønland, NO-0134 Oslo, Norway Photo: Sven Gunnar Simonsen, PRIO PO Box 9229 Grønland, NO-0134 Oslo, Norway Visiting Address: Hausmanns gate 7 Visiting Address: Hausmanns gate 7 need need for more research on economic development, environmental policies and rural development Haiti, in both in their own right and as measures conflictprevention. of begs also Haiti in presence international massive The local Haitian between relationship the on research for these on externalinfluence structures and and actors communities. Are local knowledge and capacities being used in Haitian society’s reconstruction and healingprocess? at at the same time as they contributed to destroying Haiti’s agricultural production. Overpopulation food of in lack country’s the and area Port-au-Prince the production are now among the biggest challenges in the context of the earthquake efforts. aid long-term and internationalemergency and the current An important finding from the project on conflict is prevention that local traditions and structures for conflict resolution are quite active within society, Haitian but they are seldom the focus of and research even more earthquake rarely and the of context the In thecoverage. media focus of international the reversal of the direction of migration, which is now becoming urban–rural, these traditions to prove be may an important upon resource which local communities can draw in difficultsituations where large groups of new inhabitants need to be received thelocal level. at integrated and The earthquake and its consequences highlight the Allphotos: Wenche Hauge agriculture and inemployment migrated.Port-au-Prince, while many became the way, this Only In activity. gang and violence in involved a few fuelled social the1980s unrest, of policies economic found armed conflict,while a morerecent project focused on how local communities have worked to prevent local own Haiti’s of basis the on conflicts resolve and traditions and structures, Alain and Rachelle Gilles. Doucet researchers involving the Haitian A crucial finding from the first project is economic that policies the of the 1980s led to a streamrural–urban of migration, with partmost As of the Port-au-Prince. of migrants towns shanty the in settling barriersimport policies, adjustment economic the of were removed, which led US to of imports subsidized heavily being flooded with the Haitian market peasants abandoned Haiti’s compete, to Unable rice. On 12 JanuaryHaiti was 2010, hit by an earthquake the country’s inhabitants will earthquake measured never 7.3 on the forget. Richter scale The and led to the loss of more than 220,000 lives. Most of the victims were poor people living on hillsides and in shanty towns in and around the capital, Port-au- countrythe reconstruction the of of Prince.Thecost – the poorest billion. in US$11.5 estimatedat the Western hemisphere – is At PRIO, research has been since 1998, conducted mainly by on Wenche Hauge. Haiti One of the research projects focused on the role of economic development and environmental change in causing Peace Research in Haiti in Research Peace
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 16 CSCW Staff List 2009 Director’s Introduction CSCW A CSCW ference on Climate Change and Security’ (DKNVS); A CSCW The Centre for the Study of ‘Consequences of Armed Conflict’ (World Bank); ‘Power-Sharing’ (Research Council of Norway); ‘Se- NNU
NNU Civil War is engaged in the curity Implications of Climate Change’ (Research A
A Council of Norway); ‘Youth Bulges and Conflict in
multidisciplinary study of L L Repo
Repo the Mideast and North Africa’ (World Bank). In ad- why civil wars break out, how dition, Ragnhild Nordås was granted a Belfer Cen- r r ter post-doctoral research fellowship at the Kennedy t 2009 t t 2009 t they are sustained, and what School at Harvard University, and Nils Weidmann was awarded a Marie Curie Inter-European Fellow- it takes to end them and to ship by the European Union to come to PRIO. II preserve a civil peace. III For the academic year 2009–10, two Fulbright Scholars have been in residence at CSCW. They are David Cunningham and Kathleen Gallagher Cun- ningham. Kathleen’s research at the Centre has been building on her work on self-determination move- ments, especially in relation to how ethnicity shapes the dynamics of civil war. David has been working on exploring the theoretical distinction between in- ter- and intrastate conflict, and thereby exploring the definition of civil war. He has also been working on issues of intervention and negotiation as they affect the end of civil conflicts.
Photo: Scanpix CSCW Director Scott Gates Photo: Marit Moe-Pryce, PRIO
Director Halvor Mehlum James Fearon Roger Petersen Nils Weidmann Visiting Scholars Civil conflict remains by far the most common form Scott Gates Jason Miklian Kathryn Furlong Thomas Plümper Fredrik Willumsen Stephan Hamberg of armed conflict. During a seminar held in connec- Sabrina Ramet Diego Gambetta James B. Pugel Elisabeth Wood Jannie Lilja tion with PRIO’s 50th anniversary celebrations in Working Group Jan Ketil Rød Mark Gibney Arvid Raknerud Marie-Joëlle Zahar Gabriel Alejandro 2009, Peter Wallenstein released the updated data Leaders Håvard Strand Elisabeth Gilmore Clionadh Raleigh Uriarte gathered by the Uppsala University Armed Conflict Halvard Buhaug Henrik Urdal Anke Hoeffler Bjørn Erik Rasch Doctoral Students Data Program. In addition, this update on conflict in Sabine Carey Stephen Holmes Debraj Ray Helga Malmin MA Students the world was reported in the 2009 annual data fea- Jeffrey Checkel Research Associates Jeremy Horowitz Patrick M. Regan Binningsbø Ellen Rykkja Gilbert ture in Journal of Peace Research, ‘Armed Conflicts, Jon Elster Koffi Alinon Cindy Horst Kristen Ringdal Marit Brochmann Torbjørn Hugo Graff 1946–2008’ by Lotta Harbom & Peter Wallensteen. Kristian Berg Harpviken Jens Chr. Andvig Bjørn Høyland James Robinson Karin Dyrstad Erlend Paasche Wars and conflicts in 2009 are still being assessed Håvard Hegre Aysegul Aydin Simon Hug Kaushik Roy Hanne Fjelde Andreas Forø Tollefsen and verified. At the end of 2008, for the entire world Ola Listhaug Pavel Baev Øystein Jørgensen Bruce Russett Helge Holtermann Lotte Vermeij there were 36 armed conflicts (involving at least 25 Karl Ove Moene Aldo A. Benini Stathis Kalyvas Idean Salehyan Pablo Kalmanovitz battle-related casualties) being fought in 26 differ- Kaare Strøm Tor Arve Benjaminsen Kjell Kjellmann Todd Sandler Carl-Henrik Knutsen Research Assistants ent countries. Five of these conflicts exceeded 1,000 Axel Borchgrevink Åshild Kolås Gerald Schneider Martin Austvoll Nome Karin Fathimath Afeef battle deaths, a threshold that is often used to distin- Researchers Steven J. Brams Bethany Ann Lacina Albert Simkus Ragnhild Nordås Lars Seland Gomsrud guish a war from other forms of armed conflict. In Kristin Bakke Helge Brunborg Wenche Larsen Stergios Skaperdas Christin Marsh Johan Dittrich Hallberg 2008, for the first time since 2004, an armed con- David Cunningham Christopher K. Butler David Lektzian Astri Suhrke Ormhaug Kristian Hoelscher flict broke out between two states, Eritrea and Dji- Kathleen Gallagher Matthew Carlson Jo Thori Lind Isak Svensson Gudrun Østby Mark Naftalin bouti. This constitutes the first interstate conflict in Cunningham Royce Carroll Sarah Lischer Henrik Syse Øystein H. Rolandsen Håvard Nygård four years. All other conflicts are classified as intra- Indra de Soysa Lars-Erik Cederman Will Lowe Will Terry Siri Camilla Aas Rustad Ole Magnus Theisen state or internationalized intra-state conflict. Kendra Dupuy Paul Collier Erik Melander Stein Tønnesson Rune Slettebak Andreas Forø Tollefsen Åshild Falch Julian Detzel Wolfgang C. Müller Ragnar Torvik Among the new grants awarded to the Centre during Kristian Skrede Han Dorussen S. Mansoob Murshed Ståle Ulriksen Administration 2009, most noteworthy were those for the following Gleditsch Tanja Ellingsen Eric Neumayer Hilde Henriksen Waage Andrew John Feltham projects: ‘Advanced Conflict Data Catalogue’ (Re- Nils Petter Gleditsch Stein Sundstøl Eriksen Peter Gufu Oba Barbara Walter Lynn Parker Nygaard search Council of Norway); ‘Armed Conflict in the Päivi Paulina Lujala Joan Esteban Magnus Öberg Leonard Wantchekon Mideast North Africa Region’ (World Bank); ‘Con- Children tend to be recruited in brutal, long- running civil wars – the kind that simmer for years, or even decades. CSCW A CSCW CSCW A CSCW To coincide with the book’s launch, an op-ed piece guns and money to the world’s most failed states. In Think Again! by the two editors appeared in Foreign Policy and fact, child soldiers have been around for millennia. Getting Better
Dagbladet. Below is an abridged version. What has changed is our awareness of child NNU NNU soldiers, boosted by monitoring, reporting and even all the Time A A Child soldiering is a human rights issue. It’s Hollywood spectacle. And this has coincided with L L Repo Repo much more than that. It is also a geostrategic and a dramatic change in perceptions of childhood, at a development issue. Child soldiers are usually least in the industrialized West, where early years are r r In 2009, the book Child depicted as victims. That’s accurate: child soldiers now seen as a sacred time reserved for innocence, India is in a state of civil war! 2009 t t 2009 t are truly casualties of war. But, they’re also assailants. learning and play. Soldiers in the Age of Fractured Child soldiers are cheap and efficient weapons in Yes, well, it’s complicated. asymmetric warfare. Trained and educated in the Child soldiers are no match for Western IV States – co-edited by Scott ways of guerrilla warfare, many child combatants militaries. Only in conventional combat. Asymm- Civil war and related concepts V Gates, CSCW director, and grow up in a world in which brutality is the norm. etrical conflicts, however, are another story. Take, such as state failure have The result is a violent gift that goes on giving. for instance, suicide bombing, which child soldiers Simon Reich, director of the In addition to inducing psychological trauma, a have carried out in Iraq, Sri Lanka and Chechnya. traditionally been studied at violent childhood as a young soldier reduces healthy Face-to-face with child soldiers in battle, Western Division of Global Affairs educational opportunities, leaving militancy the military forces are often also befuddled as to what to the level of the nation-state, only viable career path in later years. War becomes do. Should they engage, retreat, surrender or attempt at Rutgers University – was a way of life. to disarm? where states at large are
published by the University of There are 300,000 child soldiers in the world. Our current approach to ending child soldiering either ‘at war’ or not. Pittsburgh Press. Who knows? No one has ever made a serious attempt is working. You wish. The international community to survey the world’s child-soldier population. This primarily deals with child soldiers through ‘naming Merely a cursory glance at actual civil wars, however, commonly cited figure was touted by members of and shaming’, deterrence (prosecuting adult reveals that violence rarely engulfs entire states, but several different child advocacy groups in the mid- recruiters) and demobilization (taking away the typically occurs in confined areas (e.g. Kashmir in Illegal coal miner in central India, where the Communist Party of India-Maoist and local politicians share billions in illegal 1990s as a way of attracting attention to the plight children’s guns and sending them home). None India and Chechnya in Russia), with other areas mining profits within the conflict zone. Both groups resist efforts by the government to quell the bloodshed, fearing that the of child soldiers. What would be more useful than of these approaches goes far enough. In the first within a state, such as capital cities, often at relative money flow will stop if federal forces arrive.P hoto: Jason Miklian, PRIO a global figure, however, would be an assessment case, prosecutors hope to set an example for future peace. Likewise, ‘failing’ states do not go from on a country-by-country basis. Having 300,000 would-be offenders. Unfortunately, however, most being fully effective over their entire territories to identifying specific demographic and ethno-political fighting capacities of governmental and non-state child soldiers in a world of 6 billion matters far less recruiters believe they will not get caught. Others, completely ineffective: state capacity can be a matter constellations that may lead to outbreaks of armed organizations and the prospects for an early conflict than having 15% of a particular country’s adolescent knowing that only those who lose the fight get hauled of degree, with states being more or less effective in conflict, as well as instances where relations are less resolution. Second, our findings indicate that claims population engaged in soldiering. before international courts, desperately employ child certain areas or domains of their territories. In spite likely to become violent (Cederman, Buhaug & Rød; about the alleged irrelevance of ethnic configurations soldiers to avoid defeat. Still others assume they will of this, most existing studies treat civil war as an Weidmann). Another two articles study features for the outbreak of civil war are mistaken, and that Most child soldiers are African boys. Not even be granted amnesty after a ceasefire. aggregate outcome at the level of the state, ignoring specific to conflict cases. Disaggregation at the level many empirical findings held to establish their close. You can forget about the popular image that the all variation within states, actors and regions of conflicts allows for more detailed analyses of irrelevance can be attributed to over-aggregation. phrase ‘child soldier’ evokes, that of a pre-adolescent Sending children home, via disarmament, demo- experiencing conflict. Comparative studies at the actor constellations and conflict characteristics, When e.g. political status is measured for ethnic African boy, perhaps doped, wielding an AK-47, with bilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes, is country level can be misleading, while in-depth enabling evaluation of how these influence prospects groups, empirical analyses show that both exclusion anger burning in his eyes. Many child soldiers are not another favourite method of post-conflict planners. case studies are unsuited to identifying and ranking for settlements, the duration of violence and the and mobilization have a significant influence on armed combatants. So great is the diversity of tasks These programmes are meant to get children out general patterns. likelihood of specific outcomes (Buhaug, Gates & conflict behaviour. Third, the specific organizational in which children are involved that many advocates of armies and back where they belong – in schools Lujala; Cunningham, Gleditsch & Salehyan). The form and characteristics of rebel groups matter. now prefer the less punchy but more accurate term or in jobs. But, here again, results are mixed. Many A special issue of the Journal of Conflict Resolution final articles explorespatial units within country cases, Larger excluded groups tend to have more resources ‘children associated with fighting forces’. Nor does organizers make the mistake of excluding girls from on ‘Disaggregating Civil Wars’ (vol. 53, no. 4, August acknowledging that countries typically display large to extract concessions from governments and the gender distinction hold water. Recent studies their programmes and often fail to understand local 2009), guest-edited by CSCW associates Lars-Erik variation within their territories. Geo-referenced data may thus resort to violence if not given acceptable estimate that girls make up as much as 40% of the economies, with the result that they train children for Cederman and Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, attempts at the level of e.g provinces vastly improve our ability offers. But large demographic size does not always fighters in some armed groups. the wrong professions. And many programmes fail to overcome the prevalent aggregation problem. The to identify and understand underlying processes translate into effective power if several competing to target the roots of intergenerational violence that issue includes six empirical papers – five of them that could be attributed to particular geographic, organizations claim to represent a constituency and More than 70 military organizations in 19 countries will long outlast the active fighting. Furthermore, co-authored by CSCW researchers and associates demographic, ethnographic and economic attributes groups are undermined by factional infighting. Small around the world recruited and used children in DDR initiatives are often too short-term to do much – and is a product of a three-year European Science at the local level (Hegre, Østby & Raleigh; Beardsley but cohesive organizations may be disproportionately armed hostilities between 2004 and 2007. Burma/ more than provide superficial training. Foundation-sponsored project involving ETH & McQuinn). likely to fight, although they tend to fight shorter Myanmar is among the largest users of child soldiers Zurich, the University of Essex and CSCW. The conflicts and are more likely to be offered some in the world, with the government and rebel groups The biggest challenge of all in ending child soldiering various contributions show how advances in data What substantive lessons can be learnt from concessions relatively quickly. In contrast, groups recruiting tens of thousands of children between lies in the types of conflicts that employ the young. collection and analytical methods, in particular the this? First, the most important theme relates to that mount tenacious resistance in the periphery, them. Children tend to be recruited in brutal, long-running use of geographic information systems (GIS), permit the importance of geography. Without assuming but have only limited ability to inflict damage on civil wars – the kind that simmer for years, or even the transformation of geographical information a deterministic impact, the contributions docu- a central government, tend to get involved in long, Globalization created child soldiering. Wrong. decades. Unfortunately, such wars constitute the into formats amenable for disaggregated statistical ment different ways in which the locations of intractable conflicts. Child soldiering is often portrayed as something main form of armed conflict today. Until they stop, analysis. Three forms of disaggregation are demon- groups and actors matter for patterns of political new, a product of the post-Cold War flow of cheap the recruitment of children will continue. strated: Two articles focus on ethnic groups, violence, especially by influencing the relative CSCW A CSCW CSCW A CSCW examines transnational rebel organizations in civil Afghan Challenge Prize-Winning Book! conflicts, utilizing both cross-national datasets
and in-depth case studies. He shows how external NNU NNU Contra bases in Honduras and Costa Rica facilitated A
A the Nicaraguan civil war, and how the Rwandan L L Repo Repo civil war spilled over into the Democratic Republic of the Congo, fostering a regional war. Salehyan r r
The working group on Rebellion, insurgency, also looks at other cross-border insurgencies, such 2009 t t 2009 t as those of the Kurdish PKK and Taliban fighters Transnational and Inter- civil war – conflict within a in Pakistan. He reveals that external sanctuaries feature in the political history of more than half of VI national Facets of Civil War society is customarily treated the world’s armed insurgencies since 1945, and are VII has maintained a long- as a matter of domestic poli- also important in fostering state-to-state conflicts. standing interest in the case tics, while analysts generally Rebels who are unable to challenge the state on its own turf look for mobilization opportunities abroad. of Afghanistan. While some focus their attention on local Neighbouring states that are too weak to prevent rebel access, states that wish to foster instability Afghanistan-related projects causes. Yet fighting between in their rivals, and large refugee diasporas provide important opportunities for insurgent groups to drew to a close in 2009, governments and opposition establish external bases. Such sanctuaries complicate others remain the focus of groups is rarely confined to intelligence-gathering, counterinsurgency operations and efforts at peacemaking. States that host rebels ongoing research activity. the domestic arena. intrude into negotiations between governments and opposition movements, and can block progress toward peace when they pursue their own agendas. Kristian Berg Harpviken’s Social Networks and A Research Council of Norway-supported project ‘Internal’ wars often spill across national boundaries, Migration in Wartime Afghanistan (Palgrave Mac- entitled ‘State Failure and Regional Insecurity’ rebel organizations frequently find sanctuaries in Idean Salehyan is an Assistant Professor of Political millan) was published in 2009. Based on the author’s was completed last year. The aim of the project neighbouring countries, and insurgencies give rise Science at the University of North Texas and an doctoral thesis and subsequent work carried out both was to explore the linkages between state failure to disputes between states. In Rebels Without Borders: associate of CSCW. Much of the work carried out at PRIO and abroad, the book presents a framework and regional security issues. The main outcome is Transnational Insurgencies in World Politics (published for this book took place during his stay at PRIO for understanding how individuals’ networks play the publication of a volume of Comparative Social in 2009 by Cornell University Press), Idean Salehyan during 2005. The book was the winner of the 2010 an essential role in their responses to war and Research in 2010, in which one of the articles takes ENMISA Distinguished Book Award, presented by disaster. People’s network resources are crucial for a particular look at Afghanistan. More specifically, the International Studies Association organized mobilizing or maintaining physical resources, for the article explores how the country is situated at section for Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Migration. the security of the individuals concerned, and for the the interface of three regional security complexes, gathering of information. Applying this framework each with strong security dynamics of its own. One to the analysis of wartime migration, the book implication is that neighbouring states that are Street of Kabul. Photo: Kaja Borchgrevink challenges one-dimensional portrayals of wartime engaged in Afghanistan may be primarily motivated migrants as victims, emphasizing the importance by security concerns within their own regions. of agency and network resources in individuals’ This has serious implications for the possibility responses to unpredictable social environments. The of fostering a concerted regional effort to secure Ellen Rykkja Gilbert Torbjørn Hugo Graff Erlend Paasche Andreas Forø Tollefsen Lotte Vermeij book’s systematic application of a network analytical Afghanistan´s future. CSCW MA ‘Ethnic Dimensions ‘Heterogeneity and ‘Refugee Influx, Trauma ‘Identifying Factors ‘Children of Rebellion: perspective, building on mechanisms developed Students in in Power Sharing and Ethnic Conflict: The and the Risk of Violent Related to Civil War: Socialization of Child through studies in other areas (particularly economic Another Research Council-supported project, ‘Going Peace Building’, Master Missing Peak of Ethnic Conflict: The Situation of A Probability Analysis Soldiers’, Peace and and organizational sociology), is unique. This Home To Fight? Explaining Refugee Return and 2009 of Political Science, Polarization’, Peace Iraqi Refugees in Syria Using GIS and Weights Conflict Studies, analytical bridge-building brings new insights to Violence’, deals with why some returning refugees Norwegian University of and Conflict Studies, Revisited’, Asian and of Evidence’, Master of University of Oslo. the study of responses to armed conflict, where there come to destabilize the peace process in their home Science and Technology University of Oslo. African Study Programme, Geography, Norwegian Supervisor: Scott Gates, has previously only been loose debate on whether country upon return, whereas others do not – a (NTNU). Supervisor: Scott Supervisor: Håvard Hegre, Department of Culture University of Science and PRIO (completed June social networks fragment or gain strength in the research question that seeks to transcend the clear- Gates, PRIO (completed PRIO/University of Oslo Studies and Oriental Technology (NTNU). 2009). face of war. Discussing migration throughout three cut distinction between refugees (as victims) and August 2009). (to be completed June Languages, University of Supervisor: Halvard decades of war in Afghanistan, the book is based on fighters (as malevolent fighters) that is commonly 2010). Oslo. Supervisors: Kjetil Buhaug, PRIO (to be original fieldwork conducted during the period of found in academic analysis and policy documents . Selvik, University of Oslo; completed June 2010). the Taliban’s domination of the country, focusing on The project compares the cases of Afghanistan and Kristian Berg Harpviken, two villages in one of Afghanistan’s most severely Rwanda, and extensive fieldwork was conducted in PRIO war-stricken areas. 2009. (completed July 2009). Gleditsch publicly expressed his regret that, unlike the US president, he could not expect to earn the prize through CSCW future work. Working Groups CSCW A CSCW Transnational and International Facets of Civil Human Rights, Governance and Conflict Dynamics of Institutional Change and Conflict A CSCW Outstanding Research War Leader: Jeffrey Checkel, Simon Fraser Leader: Sabine Carey, University of Leader: Håvard Hegre, PRIO
University Nottingham NNU NNU A
A Important dynamics of civil wars transgress national Conflict and human rights violations are closely in- This working group studies the interplay of the pro- L L Repo Repo boundaries. External factors can be international, tertwined. During a civil war, torture and political cesses of civil war onset and termination, changes such as the engagement of one state in another’s con- killings are particularly common. But, governing to political institutions, and the societal changes r r
flicts, or they can be transnational, as when armed structures also affect the respect shown by govern- brought about by ‘modernization’. These changes 2009 t t 2009 t On 14 October 2009, Nils groups mobilize across borders or when new norms, ments for the human rights of their citizens. This have closely related explanations. Democracies fail ideas and practices spread from one conflict loca- working group aims to disentangle the triangular to prevent conflict in the developing world in part Petter Gleditsch received tion to another. This working group is committed to relationship between human rights, governance and because they are vulnerable to reversals to authori- VIII the Research Council of theory development, addressing insights and limita- conflict. In particular, we focus on the role of human tarian rule – often by means of violence. Similarly, IX tions in the literatures on civil war, transnationalism rights and governing structures during the escala- demo-cratization is a political conflict that some- Norway’s prestigious Award and international relations. We do not favour one tion of conflict, their contribution to the severity and times turns violent. Socio-economic factors affect particular theory or approach, seeking instead to de- duration of conflict, and their role in establishing a strategies and goals of the parties to the political for Outstanding Research velop synthetic, plural arguments that better capture viable and secure peace after the cessation of warfare. conflict. At the same time, political stability affects the complex dynamics of civil conflict. This stance societal changes. The group brings together special- (Møbius Prize). Explaining its of theoretical pluralism informs our choice of meth- Civil Conflict and Economic Performance ists on different aspects of this nexus, and also seeks ods, which range from case studies, to large-n quan- Leader: Karl Ove Moene, University of Oslo to identify institutions that may lift countries out of decision, the jury stated: titative work, to ethnography, to agent-based model- the ‘conflict trap’. ling. Ultimately, we aim to understand and explain This working group aims at integrating the effect The Møbius Prize this year goes to one of the most the myriad interactions between the international/ of conflicts on economic performance and the role Civil Peace prominent researchers in the social sciences in Norway. transnational and the local/internal in civil war. of economic conditions for the onset of conflicts Leader: Kaare Strøm, UCSD His career spans a wide spectre of themes and languages, within formal economic models. This is an impor- which has placed him at the forefront of peace research Microfoundations of Civil War tant challenge. It implies a widening of the scope The main aim of this group is to explore the condi- and secured him a strong position internationally. His Nils Petter Gleditsch. Photo: Anders B. Johansen Leader: Jon Elster, Columbia University of economics to integrate social issues and things tions that constitute and promote civil peace. This research topics cover nonviolence, military intelligence, that really matter. The group’s research agenda is entails analysing the processes of conflict resolution democracy and the environment. He has provided Focusing on the individual decisions that lead to the built on an implicit criticism of technocratic main- as well as the social, economic and political condi- timely research for political debates over the years, and conflict. To date, there is little peer-reviewed research to nurture new talents have played crucial roles initiation, continuation or cessation of civil war, this stream economics for its lack of a coherent treatment tions that lead to civil peace. To better understand thereby furthered research in society. Norwegian peace to support claims that climate change will necessarily in his professional career. This has not only been working group seeks to identify how root causes of of conflicts and neglect of social mechanisms. In long-term peacebuilding, we focus on the develop- and conflict research would not have been as strong lead to more frequent armed conflicts. A number of evident at PRIO and CSCW. As a part-time professor civil war shape the motivations and constraints of contrast, this group tries to make a case for analy- ment of institutions that can serve to mitigate or sup- as it is today without his efforts as researcher, teacher, studies are now examining possible connections, of political science at the Norwegian University of individual action. Centrally important is what one sis that combines social and economic factors while plant the conditions that cause and sustain armed institution builder and networker. including a major PRIO project in which Gleditsch Science and Technology (NTNU), Gleditsch has might call the ‘hermeneutic problem’ of identifying acknowledging their interdependence. The working civil conflict, for instance transitional governance, is also involved. However, the fact that the political nurtured a number of talented young scholars, motivations of leaders and followers in insurgency group is a ‘joint venture’ of CSCW and of the Centre transitional justice and various forms of power-shar- Nils Petter Gleditsch began work at PRIO in 1964 debate has run ahead of the research cannot absolve many of whom have become established members movements. How to impute motivations when state- of Excellence at the University of Oslo on Equality, ing. as a research assistant. He has been affiliated with scholars of their responsibility to take a critical and of the research community at PRIO and NTNU. In ments about motivation may themselves be moti- Social Organization, and Performance (ESOP). PRIO throughout his career, and has been part independent look. the past two decades, he has twice served as a guest vated? The group will look at the role religion plays of the institute for 45 of its 50 years. He has been professor in the Department of Peace and Conflict in civil war, and it will study belief formation more Values and Violence an integral part of PRIO from the pioneer years, Gleditsch has been editor of Journal of Peace Research Research at the University of Uppsala, which has generally in a civil war setting. Leader: Ola Listhaug, NTNU through periods of great and rapid change, and since 1983, and has worked hard to preserve its led to a number of joint projects, most notably the has contributed to building the larger and more high international standing. Under his leadership, long-term collaboration on the UCDP/PRIO armed Environmental Factors in Civil War Our study of values, attitudes and public opinion professional organization we see today. He was JPR has been at the forefront of the data-replication conflict dataset. Leader: Halvard Buhaug, PRIO looks at violent societies and generally peaceful one of the key people involved in applying for and movement. All authors of articles with systematic societies, as well as countries undergoing a transition setting up the Centre for the Study of Civil War as data published in JPR must make their data available The award of the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize to US This group defines the environment in the broad away from violence. The main aim is to demonstrate if a Centre of Excellence at PRIO, and he headed the on the journal’s homepage, facilitating replication President Barack Obama was announced just a few sense of physical factors that condition human and how values are related to violence in societies. One Environmental Factors in Civil War working group and extension of the work reported in the journal. days before the Møbius ceremony. Gleditsch publicly affairs, such as distance, mountains, rivers, foest important empirical focus is the impact of religion, up to 2008. expressed his regret that, unlike the US president, cover and availability of natural resources. Envi- but we also study tolerance, trust, prejudice and re- On receiving the prestigious Møbius Prize, Gleditsch he could not expect to earn the prize through future ronmental factors play an important role in as- spect for human rights, and how these values vary Gleditsch is known for his research on the democratic signalled that he did not feel the award was his alone, work. However, unlike the fresh Nobel laureate, Nils sesing neomalthusian vs. ‘cornucopian’ theories of between countries and relate to conflicts between peace, and he has established himself as a leading but rather that it should be seen as recognition of Petter Gleditsch has a solid and relevant record to conflict. What are the effects of resource scarcity groups within societies. In postwar societies, we figure on this topic in relation to both interstate the environment that fostered him. Indeed, at the point to. Indeed, he is one of the most frequently and abundance? Is climate change associated with study values to assess the strength of latent conflict. conflict (‘democracies rarely if ever go to war with award ceremony, he stated that he could only echo cited researchers in his field, and an exceptionally conflict? What role does cooperation play vs. con- each other’) and civil war (‘semi-democracies the words of recent Nobel laureate Barack Obama: high number of his recent publications are among flict in a situation of scarcity? We also consider the experience armed conflict more frequently than ‘I do not feel that I deserve to be in the company the most cited in that field. demographic aspect of neomalthusian concerns, as either autocracies or democracies’). More recently, of so many transformative figures that have been well as ethnic distinctions as potential causes of con- he has taken a critical view of claims being made honoured by this prize.’ Gleditsch points out that flict and as convenient ways of organizing conflicts. about the links between climate change and armed both cooperation with other researchers and helping CSCW Doctoral Degree Projects in 2009 CSCW A CSCW CSCW A CSCW Completed in 2009 religion matters for conflict, and conducts new sharing provisions in the 1999 Lomé Peace Accord, Health Effects of Civil War Christin M. Horizontal Inequalities and Political Violence Climate Changes, Natural Disasters Sins of Omission or Sins of Commission? empirical tests. Three main conclusions emerge as well as the economic power-sharing scheme Ormhaug Dissertation Supervisors: Espen Sjaastad Gudrun Østby Dissertation Supervisors: Scott and the Risk of Violence in India Rune
Governance and Civil War Hanne Fjelde from the research. First, religious diversity does ‘Diamond Area Community Development Fund’, (Noragric), Håvard Hegre (University of Oslo/CSCW) & Gates (PRIO) & Anne Julie Semb (University of Oslo) Slettebak Dissertation Supervisors: Indra de Soysa NNU NNU Dissertation Supervisors: Erik Melander (Uppsala not necessarily translate into conflict, but contexts which was initiated in the country after the civil Ingrid Nyborg (Noragric) (NTNU/CSCW) & Henrik Urdal (PRIO) A A University) & Håvard Hegre (PRIO/University of Oslo) of religious repression can increase the salience war to facilitate a more fair distribution of diamond Inequality is a grievance factor that is largely L L Repo Repo of religious cleavages and spur rebellion that may revenues. Much conflict research has focused on why civil dismissed by recent statistical studies of civil war. This project investigates whether natural disasters This dissertation project drew on the distinction escalate to civil war. Second, religious conflicts can conflicts break out and how they are sustained, but Such studies, however, tend to focus exclusively on may have caused increased levels of conflict in r r
between institutions that regulate access to political be disaggregated to different types and differentiated Prospects for the Future: Towards less attention has been paid to the consequences inter-individual inequality, ignoring the importance India in the past. Bearing in mind warnings from 2009 t t 2009 t authority and the exercise of that authority. While from other conflicts, but the common presumption Civilizational Clashes? Tanja Ellingsen they have on afflicted populations. While more men of group identity. This project analyses systematic the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change an extensive literature looks at how formal political that religious conflicts are not more severe than other Dissertation Supervisors: Nils Petter Gleditsch (PRIO/ are usually killed in battle, research indicates that inequalities between ethnic/religious/regional (IPCC) that natural disasters can be expected to institutions affect actors’ incentives to initiate armed conflicts is not supported. Third, the findings indicate NTNU) & Øyvind Østerud (University of Oslo) women are more affected by the long-term, indirect groups (horizontal inequalities) as a potential cause increase in strength and frequency in coming years, X conflict, the empirical research on how governance that no particular religion is inherently more violent legacies of war. This project aims to investigate how of domestic armed conflict and other forms of the project focuses on climate-related disasters, such XI is related to armed conflict contains vast lacunae. than others. The dissertation consists of five articles Samuel Huntington’s ‘clash of civilizations’ thesis civil conflict has affected maternal and child health political violence. On the basis of national household as droughts, floods and storms. Given the relevance The project examined how the risk of internal armed and an introductory chapter, and was submitted on suggests that post-Cold War conflicts are shaped in selected sub-Saharan African countries, through surveys in developing countries, the project develops of climate changes, considerations of whether past conflict is related to how governments make and 30 October 2009 and defended on 19 March 2010. by cultural dissimilarities, and that the nation-state the use of household survey data paired with a comprehensive dataset on horizontal inequalities patterns can be used to predict future trends is an implement decisions about disputed issues, such as is being replaced by religion as a source of identity. disaggregated conflict data, as well as fieldwork. along economic and social dimensions. The analysis integral part of the project. how to redistribute wealth and provide public goods. Conflict and Cooperation in International Testing the validity of such claims, this dissertation involves large-n statistical event history models, It used time-series data on political corruption, River Basins Marit Brochmann investigates the extent to which people identify Corrective Justice in War Settlements along with quantitative case studies of particular Development and Civil War bureaucratic quality and public spending, as well as Dissertation Supervisors: Nils Petter Gleditsch (PRIO/ themselves in terms of civilizations and whether Pablo Kalmanovitz Dissertation countries. Helge Holtermann Dissertation Supervisors: case studies of particular countries. It was defended NTNU) & Håvard Hegre (University of Oslo/CSCW) alliances can be explained by cultural similarities. It Supervisors: Jon Elster (Columbia University/CSCW) & Håvard Hegre (University of Oslo/CSCW), Halvard in December 2009. also explores the relationship between civilizational Thomas Pogge (Yale University) Resources and Peace: Power-Sharing and Buhaug (PRIO) & Kristian Skrede Gleditsch (University of Water is an essential resource for human survival. It belonging and conflict, both inter- and intrastate. Wealth-Sharing in Post-Conflict Situations Essex/CSCW) Completed in 2009 is also of great importance to industrial development Data are drawn from the World Value Survey, the Contemporary just war theorizing has focused Siri Aas Rustad Dissertation Supervisors: Scott Civil War Society: Southern Sudan, 1955– and trade. This project builds on earlier research Penn World Tables, UN General Assembly records primarily on questions of just cause of war (jus ad Gates (PRIO) & Håvard Strand (PRIO) The cross-national conflict literature has found that 2004 Øystein H. Rolandsen Dissertation on conflict and cooperation in the context of (voting data), and the Correlates of War and Uppsala/ bellum) and rightful conduct of war (jus in bello), less developed countries have a higher risk of civil Supervisors: Endre Stiansen (Norwegian Ministry of internationally shared rivers, but extends the focus PRIO conflict datasets. tending to neglect the question of how wars ought The project seeks to examine under what conditions war than more developed countries. Several different Foreign Affairs) & Helge Pharo (University of Oslo) to examine the overall interaction process – with to end (jus post bellum). What should be the guiding wealth-sharing and power-sharing can most explanations have been suggested, but little has yet conflict and cooperation studied together instead of Explaining Foreign Interventions in Civil principles of justice in the aftermath of war? This effectively help foster civil peace and stability. Power- been done to assess these empirically. This project Based on an extensive amount of freshly unearthed separately. More specifically, the project examines Wars: Mechanisms of Transnational Ethnic project focuses on issues of corrective justice, that is, sharing and wealth-sharing can help reduce the threat uses various types of data and methods to investigate written sources and nearly a year’s worth of fieldwork whether countries that share rivers interact more Affinities Martin Austvoll Nome on claims of punishment and reparation due after of conflict by giving all potential conflictual parties the underlying causal mechanisms of these in Sudan, the articles in the dissertation present a – whether positively or negatively. It also investigates Dissertation Supervisors: Jeffrey T. Checkel (Simon Fraser harmful actions in war. Particular consideration a stake in peaceful cooperation, along with a set of explanations and test their quantitative implications. new explanation for the beginning of the first civil the effect of signed water treaties on subsequent water- University/CSCW) & Scott Gates (PRIO) is given to the institutional division of labour mutual guarantees of security and basic interests. The first is done through a case study of rebel control war in Southern Sudan and explain the difference specific interaction. Through issue-coding of claims between the national and transnational orders in the The project focuses particularly on Nigeria, and and mobilization in Nepal, the second through a in intensity between the first and second civil over the use of a river raised by one state towards Civil wars have a way of attracting foreign inter- implementation of principles of corrective justice. on how Nigeria’s oil wealth and the wealth-sharing time-series cross-national analysis, as well as a global wars. The investigation of these two cases suggests another, it looks at specific water disagreements and ventions. According to one count, external countries arrangements dealing with it have contributed to geographically disaggregated analysis. that comparisons of civil wars should focus on the whether or not they become militarized. intervened in 89 of 138 civil wars during the period The Economic Effects of Democracy and conflicts in that country. dissemination and local adaptation of irregular 1944–94. Though the correlates of intervention are Dictatorship Carl Henrik Knutsen Climate Change, Resource Scarcities and warfare in its local context, and that the period A Piece of the Pie: The Perils of manifold, this project deals with one in particular: Dissertation Supervisors: Håvard Hegre (University of Post-Conflict Societies and Democratic Violent Conflict Ole Magnus Theisen encapsulating the process of escalation from peace Post-Conflict PeaceH elga Malmin transnational ethnic affinities. Several studies Oslo/CSCW) & Helge Hveem (University of Oslo) Values Karin Dyrstad Dissertation Dissertation Supervisors: Nils Petter Gleditsch (CSCW/ to war needs further scrutiny. Binningsbø Dissertation Supervisors: Scott Gates suggest that transnational ethnic affinities are Supervisors: Ola Listhaug (NTNU/CSCW) NTNU) & Halvard Buhaug (PRIO) (PRIO) & Nils Petter Gleditsch (PRIO/NTNU) associated with interventions in civil wars. When How do political institutions affect economic Completed in 2009 parties to civil wars have co-ethnic kin in other outcomes? This project focuses in particular on While much scholarly attention has been devoted The cross-national conflict literature has failed to Religion and Civil Conflict This project investigates the role played by countries, the involvement of those countries is more how democracy and dictatorship affect economic to the causes of war, relatively less is known about converge on robust associations that could link Ragnhild Nordås Dissertation Supervisors: power-sharing in countries ravaged by civil war. likely. Although ample theoretical and comparative growth, as well as their effects on property rights how conflict affects individuals who live in a war- resource scarcities with civil war. It has been suggested Ola Listhaug (NTNU/CSCW) & Scott Gates (PRIO) It emphasizes the importance of inclusion and work supports the notion that transnational ethnic protection, physical and human capital, and tech- torn country, and how these effects develop over that droughts increase the risk of violent conflict and representative institutions in reducing rebel support affinities are associated with interventions, it remains nological change. The project also explores how time. Focusing on the Yugoslav successor states, the that this is most pronounced with smaller-scale local The dissertation improves our understanding of and thus hindering resurgence of violence. In an empirical regularity in need of explanation. This different contextual factors affect economic policy in aim of this project is to analyse the extent to which conflicts. This project uses both single-case and the origins and dynamics of intrastate conflict by addition, the project highlights implementation project begins the search for such an explanation. dictatorships. It examines specific channels through individual attitudes like tolerance and political cross-national statistical investigations to analyse exploring the role of religion. A growing share of as a crucial aspect of power-sharing’s ability to Its central question is thus: By what mechanisms which political institutions affect different economic trust are affected by conflict, and what implications the possible relationships between climatic factors, contemporary conflicts seem to involve a religious contribute to post-conflict peace. To study the effect are third-party military interventions in civil wars outcomes, but also investigates the interrelations this may have for society. The project is based on resource scarcities and violent conflict. It includes dimension. Despite this, research on the religion– of representation and implementation in relation to linked with transnational ethnic affinities? between different mechanisms through construction individual survey data as well as context variables on a quantitative case study of Kenya, a global analysis conflict nexus is underdeveloped in terms of exactly peace, the project systematically analyses political of formal models. The empirical work consists mainly both regional and national levels. and a disaggregated analysis of Africa in general. how and when religion matters, and existing syste- and economic power-sharing in all post-conflict of statistical analysis, but also includes structured matic studies have produced inconsistent results. societies between 1946 and 2006. To dig deeper comparative studies of selected countries. In Accordingly, the dissertation presents an improved into the critical role of implementation, it looks more addition, the project discusses the conceptualization conceptualization and theoretical framework for closely at developments in post-conflict Sierra Leone. and measurement of democracy. understanding whether, how, when and why The project examines the follow-up of political power- CSCW Selected Publications in 2009
For a complete list of 2009 publications, see http://www.prio.no/CSCW/Research-and-Publications/Publications/ CSCW A CSCW CSCW A CSCW Kristian Skrede & Ragnhild Nordås. Neumayer, Eric. Ramet, Sabrina P. Gleditsch, Nils Ramet, Sabrina P. & Gleditsch, Nils Petter, Gates, Scott & Simon Peer-Reviewed Edited Volumes Journal Articles Gleditsch & Luc ‘Climate Change and ‘A New Moral Hazard? ‘Reconfiguring the Polis, Petter & Ole Magnus Ola Listhaug. ‘Ethnic ed. Journal of Peace Reich. ‘Sannheten om
Girardin. ‘Ethno-Nation- Conflict: A Critical Military Intervention, Reconceptualizing Rights: Theisen. ‘Resources, Minorities in Serbia’, Research 46(3), May. barnesoldater’ [The Truth NNU NNU Achvarina, Vera; alist Triads: Assessing the Overview’, Die Friedens- Peacekeeping and Individual Rights and the Hug, Simon & Katin the Environment, and in Wolfgang Petritsch, Special Issue on Micro- About Child Soldiers], A
A Ragnhild Nordås, Influence of Kin Groups Warte 84(2): 11–28. Ratification of the Irony of History in Central Gilland Lutz, eds. Conflict’, in Victor Goran Svilanovic & Christ Level Dynamics of Violent Dagbladet , 12 June. L L Repo Repo Gudrun Østby & Siri on Civil Wars’, World International Criminal and Southeastern Europe’, Financing Referendum Mauer & Myriam Dunn ophe Solioz, eds, Serbia Conflict. Aas Rustad. ‘Armut Politics 61(3): 403–437. Goemans, Hein; Court’, Journal of Peace Perspectives on European Campaigns. London: Cavelty, eds, The Routledge Matters: Domestic Reforms Gleditsch, Nils Petter. r
r Non-Refereed und die Rekrutierung Kristian Skrede Research 46(5): 659–670. Politics and Society 10(1): Palgrave Macmillan. Handbook of Security and European Integration. ‘Fra opprørere til 2009 t t 2009 t von Kindersoldaten: Cunningham, David; Gleditsch & Giacomo 87–100. Studies. Abingdon: Baden-Baden: Nomos Journal Articles statsstøtter?’ [From Rebels Neue Evidenz aus einer Kristian Skrede Chiozza. ‘Introducing Neumayer, Eric & Katzenstein, Peter J. Routledge (221–231). (157–164). to Pillars of the State?], disaggregierten Analyse Gleditsch & Idean Archigos: A Dataset of Thomas Plümper. Roy, Kaushik. ‘Military & Jeffrey T. Checkel, Buhaug, Halvard; Scott Dagbladet, 20 November. XII der afrikanischen Salehyan. ‘It Takes Two: Political Leaders’, Journal ‘International Terrorism Loyalty in the Colonial eds. European Identity. Gleditsch, Nils Petter; Roy, Kaushik. ‘Norms Gates, Håvard Hegre, XIII Regionen’ [Poverty and A Dyadic Analysis of Civil of Peace Research 46(2): and the Clash of Context: A Case Study of Cambridge: Cambridge Håvard Hegre & Håvard of War in Hinduism’, Håvard Strand & Henrik Gleditsch, Nils Petter. Child Soldier Recruit- War Duration and Out- 269–283. Civilizations’, British the Indian Army During University Press. Strand. ‘Democracy and in Vesselin Popovski, Urdal. ‘Nils Petter ‘Krenkende kritikk’ ment: A Disaggregated come’, Journal of Conflict Journal of Political World War II’, The Journal Civil War’, in Manus I. Gregory Reichberg & Gleditsch: A Lifetime [Injurious Criticism], Study of African Regions], Resolution 53(4): 570–597. Hegre, Håvard. ‘Trade Science 39(4): 711–734. of Military History 73(2): Ramet, Sabrina P., ed. Midlarsky, ed., Handbook Nicholas Turner, eds, Achiever’, European Dagbladet, 27 November. Politische Vierteljahres- Dependence or Size 497–529. Nezavisna Drzava of War Studies III: The World Religions and Norms Political Science 8(1): schrift. Sonderhefte de Soysa, Indra & Helga Dependence? The Gravity Nygård, Håvard Hrvatska 1941–1945 Intrastate Dimension. Ann of War. Tokyo: United 79–89. Gleditsch, Nils Petter. 43: 386–413. Malmin Binningsbø. Model of Trade and the Mokleiv. Roy, Kaushik. ‘Science [The Independent State Arbor, MI: University of Nations University Press ‘Mappene våre’ [Our Files], ‘The Devil’s Excrement as Liberal Peace’, Conflict ‘Trekantdramaet of Siege Warfare in India of Croatia 1941–1945]. Michigan Press (155–192). (30–59). Cederman, Lars-Erik in Bjørg Ofstad, Olav Benjaminsen, Tor Arve; Social Cement: Natural Management and Peace mellom Israel, Iran og During the Great Mutiny: Zagreb: Alinea. & Kristian Skrede Bjerkholt, Kari Skrede Faustin P. Maganga Resources and Political Science 26(1): 26–45. Hezbollah’ [The Israel– 1857-58’, Indian Journal Hegre, Håvard & Hanne Roy, Kaushik. ‘The Army Gleditsch. ‘Introduction & Aanund Hylland, & Jumanne Moshi Terror, 1980–2002’, Iran– Hezbollah Drama of History of Science 44(1): Book Chapers Fjelde. ‘Democratization in India in Mesopotamia to Special Issue on eds, Rettferd og politikk. Abdallah. ‘The Kilosa International Social Science Hegre, Håvard; Gudrun Triangle], Babylon 7(2): 73–94. and Post-Conflict From 1916 to 1918: Tactics, “Disaggregating Civil Festskrift til Hilde Bojer Killings: Political Ecology Journal 57(1): 21–32. Østby & Clionadh 66–87. Transitions’, in J. Joseph Technology and Logistics Wars”’, Journal of Conflict [Justice and Politics: of a Farmer–Herder Raleigh. ‘Poverty and Monographs Bussmann, Margit; Hewitt, Jonathan Reconsidered’, in Ian F. W. Resolution 53(4): 487–495. Essays in Honour of Hilde Conflict in Tanzania’, de Soysa, Indra; Civil War Events: A Østby, Gudrun; Indra de Soysa & John Wilkenfeld & Ted Robert Beckett, ed., 1917: Beyond Bojer]. Oslo: Emilia Development and Thomas Jackson & Disaggregated Study of Ragnhild Nordås & Jan R. Oneal. ‘The Effect of Gurr, eds, Peace and the Western Front. Leiden: Gates, Scott & Simon Change 40(3): 423–445. Christin M. Ormhaug. Liberia’, Journal of Conflict Ketil Rød. ‘Regional Harpviken, Kristian Globalization on National Conflict 2010. Boulder, CO: Brill (131–158). Reich. ‘Think Again: Harpviken, Kristian ‘Does Globalization Resolution 53(4): 298–623. Inequalities and Civil Berg. Social Networks Income Inequality’, Paradigm (79–90). Child Soldiers’, Foreign Berg. ‘Obama og Buhaug, Halvard; Profit the Small Arms Conflict in Sub-Saharan and Migration in Wartime in Masamichi Sasaki, Roy, Kaushik. ‘The Policy, May. Afghanistans trøblete Scott Gates & Päivi Bazaar?’, International Jakobsen, Tor Georg Africa’, International Afghanistan. Basingstoke: ed., New Frontiers in Jakobsen, Jo. ‘Rewards Logistics of Victory: nabolag’ [Obama Lujala. ‘Geography, Interactions 35(1): 85–105. & Indra de Soysa. ‘Give Studies Quarterly 53(2): Palgrave Macmillan. Comparative Sociology. of Freedom: Democracy Punjab and Supplying Gleditsch, Nils Petter and Afghanistan’s Rebel Capability, and the Me Liberty, or Give Me 301–324. Leiden: Brill (353–377). and the Inflow of Foreign the British-India Army & Henrik Urdal. ‘Svar Troublesome Duration of Civil Conflict’, Eriksen, Silja & Indra Death! State Repression, Ramet, Sabrina P. Direct Investment’, in During the 1857–59 til Neumann’ [Reply to Neighbourhood], Journal of Conflict de Soysa. ‘A Fate Worse Ethnic Grievance and Civil Plümper, Thomas & Tri Jugoslavije. Izgradja de Soysa, Indra; Peter Graeff & Guido Uprising’, in Subhas Neumann], Internasjonal Forsvarets Forum, January/ Resolution 53(4): 544–569. Than Debt? International War, 1981–2004’, Civil Eric Neumayer. ‘Famine drzave i izazov Jennifer L. Bailey & Mehlkop, eds, Capitalism, Ranjan Chakraborty, Politikk 67(2): 309. February. Financial Institutions and Wars 11(2): 137–157. Mortality, Rational legitimacije, 1918–2005 Eric Neumayer. ‘Free To Democracy and the ed., Uprising of 1857: Butler, Christopher Human Rights, 1981– Political Inactivity, and [The Three Yugoslavias. Squander? Democracy and Prevention of War and Perspectives and Ramet, Sabrina P. Paasche, Erlend. K. & Scott Gates. 2003’, Journal of Peace Jensen, Peter Sandholt International Food Aid’, State-Building and Sustainable Development, Poverty. Abingdon: Peripheries. Kolkata: The ‘Albania – Then and ‘Flåsete om verdens ‘Asymmetry, Parity, Research 46(4): 485–503. & Kristian Skrede World Development 37(1): Legitimation, 1918- 1975–2000’, in Richard Routledge (86–107). Asiatic Society (262–293). Now’, European History ondskap’ [Flippant and (Civil) War: Can Gleditsch. ‘Rain, Growth 50–61. 2005]. Zagreb: Golden A. Matthew, Jon Barnett, Quarterly 39(1): 106–116. About the World’s Evil], International Theories Fjelde, Hanne. ‘Buying and Civil War: The Marketing–Tehnicka Bryan McDonald & Karen Ramet, Sabrina P. Journal Issues Morgenbladet, 2 January. of Power Help Us Peace? Oil Wealth, Importance of Location’, Raleigh, Clionadh Knjiga. L. O’ Brien, eds, Global ‘Jugoslovenska kriza Popular Articles Understand Civil Corruption and Civil War, Defence and Peace & Håvard Hegre. Environmental Change i zapad: Izbegavajuci War?’, International 1985–99’, Journal of Peace Economics 20(5): 359–372. ‘Population Size, Roy, Kaushik. The Oxford and Human Security. “Vijetnam” zalutali u Cederman, Lars-Erik Interactions 35(3): 330–340. Research 46(2): 199–218. Concentration, and Civil Companion to Modern Cambridge: MIT Press “Abisiniju”’ [The Yugoslav & Kristian Skrede Buhaug, Halvard. Lujala, Päivi. ‘Deadly War: A Geographically Warfare in India. Oxford: (261–290). Crisis and the West: Gleditsch, eds. Journal of ‘Konflikter i bevegelser’ Cederman, Lars-Erik; Fjelde, Hanne & Indra Combat over Natural Disaggregated Analysis’, Oxford University Press. Avoiding ‘Vietnam’ Conflict Resolution53(4), [Conflicts in Transition], Halvard Buhaug & de Soysa. ‘Coercion, Co- Resources’, Journal of Political Geography 28(4): and Blundering into August. Special Issue on Forsvarets Forum, July/
Jan Ketil Rød. ‘Ethno- optation, or Cooperation? Conflict Resolution 53(1): 224–238. Salehyan, Idean. ‘Abyssinia’],^ in Ivan Disaggregating Civil Wars. August. Nationalist Dyads and State Capacity and the 50–71. Rebels Without Borders: Colovic´ ed., Zid je mrtav, Civil War: A GIS-Based Risk of Civil War, 1961– Transnational Insurgencies ziveli zidovi! [The wall Gleditsch, Nils Petter, Analysis’, Journal of 2004’, Conflict Manage- in World Politics. New is dead, long live walls!] ed. Journal of Peace Conflict Resolution 53(4): ment and Peace York: Cornell University Belgrade: Biblioteka XX Research 46(1, 2, 4, 5, 496–525. Science 26(1): 5–25. Press. Vek (129–158). 6), January, March, July, Cederman, Lars Erik; Gleditsch, Nils Petter September, November. CSCW Director: Scott Gates PRIO Director: Kristian Berg Harpviken CSCW Projects Chair of PRIO Board: Bernt Aardal in 2009 CSCW A CSCW CSCW A CSCW Transnational and International Battle Deaths dataset 1 Going Home to Fight? Facets of Civil War 1 Data projects management 1 Explaining Refugee Return and Violence 2 NNU NNU State Failure and Regional Insecurity 2, 12 Political Institutions, Development Power Sharing, Agency and A A
Microfoundations of Civil War 1 and a Domestic Civil Peace (OYI) 1, 2 Civil Conflict 1, 10 L L Repo Repo Environmental Factors in Civil War 1 Conflict Prediction 1 Why does Peace Remain Elusive
Political Demography 1, 2 Youth Exclusion 1, 7, 12 in Burundi? 8 r r t 2009 t t 2009 t Human Rights, Governance and Conflict 1 Natural Hazards and Civil Conflicts Mobilization and Modus Operandi Conflict and Economic Performance 1 in Asian Countries 1, 9 of Rebel Groups 4
XIV Values and Violence 1 Dynamics of Institutional Change Women’s Political Participation XV Civic and Uncivic Values among and Conflict 1 and SCR1325 in Burundi and Nepal 4 the Yugoslav Successor States 1, 4 A New Agenda for European Security Writing up thesis articles for publication 3 Religion and Civil War 1 Economics 1, 5 Article on armed conflict and Civil Peace 1 Armed Conflict Location and Event Data 7 female mortality 3 CSCW Centre office 1 Resources and Peace: Security Implications of Climate Change 2 Training and Internship 1 Power Sharing and Wealth Towards Global Energy Security: Cross cutting activities 1 Sharing in Post-Conflict Situations 3 Managing Risks and Vulnerabilities 11 Military History 1 The Payoff of Promises - Articulating, World Development Report 2011 7 Disaggregating the Study of Civil Wars 1, 2 Negotiating and Implementing MNA Regional Flagship Report 7 Geographic Representations of War 1, 6 Wealth Sharing 1, 2, 12
Project Funders: 1 Research Council of Norway – CSCW CoE grant 7 World Bank 2 Research Council of Norway 8 Norwegian Peace Building Centre 3 Research Council of Norway – PRIO Core Grant 9 OCHA/Norwegian Geotechnical Institute NGI 4 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 10 National Science Foundation
5 European Union funding schemes 11 The Energy and Resources Institute TERI Photo: Jason Miklian, PRIO 6 European Science Foundation 12 Other Sources
Other international 2 % Research Council of Norway 54 % EU 7 % PRIO Centre of Exellence PRIO was founded in 1959. It was one of the first Centre of Excellence (CoE) is a distinction accorded centers of peace research in the world. PRIO is to CSCW by the Research Council of Norway. The an autonomous non-profit foundation which CoE scheme was introduced in Norway with the is independent and international in staff and intention of bringing more researchers and research
World Bank 20 % perspective. Research at PRIO concentrates on the groups up to a high international standard. In 2002, driving forces behind violent conflict and on ways after an extensive and competitive selection process in which peace can be built, maintained and spread. led by international experts, the council awarded In addition to theoretical and empirical research, CoE status to 13 of 129 applicants. PRIO´s proposal PRIO also conducts policy-oriented activities and was judged to be of ´exceptionally high scientific engages in the search for solutions in cases of actual quality´. The total number of Centres rose to 21 in Other national 4 % or potential violent conflict. 2006 when a new round of applications was held in addition to a midway evaluation for all existing CoEs. Total project income in 2009 was 23 868 694 NOK. PRIO 7 % CSCW secured a second 5 year period of funding The CoE grant counts for 46 % of this, and the chart represents the remaining 54 %. Total person-year after the evaluation, again receiving top scores from Norwegian MFA 6 % effort in 2009 was 23,8. the referees. PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 33 Christa Waters in 2009 were Pinar Bilgin Stephan Davidshofer & is currently ranked as no. 9 in Pinar Bilgin & Taylor Owen PinarBilgin Taylor & MaritMoe-Pryce JohnCarville Security Dialogue published 672 pages J.PeterBurgess ‘Special Issue on Urban Insecurities’. Insecurities’. Urban on ‘SpecialIssue Associate Editors of (University Owen Taylor and University) (Bilkent Oxford). Security Dialogue journals JournalReports’ rating Citation for theISI in international relations, with an impact factor of 1.469. SecurityDialogue Editorial Staff 2009in Editor: ManagingEditor: AssistantManaging Editor: AssociateEditors: LanguageEditor: BookEditors:Review FrancescoRagazzi, SciencesFrance. Po, EditorialBoard 2009in DidierBigo,SciencesFrance Po, PinarBilgin, Bilkent University, Turkey Campbell, David Durham University, UK SimonUniversityChesterman, School York ofNew USA Law, Cohn,Carol University Massachusetts, of USA WilliamJohnsE. Hopkins Connolly, University, USA JamesDerian,Der BrownUniversity, USA MichaelDillon, Lancaster University, UK Geneva CentreSecurity for Pál Dunay, Policy, Switzerland StefanElbe, University Essex, of UK CynthiaEnloe, Clark College, USA LeneHansen, University Copenhagen, of Denmark JefHuysmans, OpenThe University, UK JenniferKlot, Social Science Research Council, USA Copenhagen AnnaLeander, Business School, Denmark Li,Liverpool Rex John Moores University, UK Owen, Oxford University, UK Taylor PatriciaOwens, Oxford University, UK PaulRogers, University Bradford, of UK MarkUniversity B. Salter, Ottawa, of Canada MichaelShapiro, University Hawaii, of USA PetervanHam, Clingendael, Hague,The theNetherlands University Copenhagen, of DenmarkOleWæver, University Victoria, of B. J.Rob Walker, Canada & University, UKKeele USA Francisco, San of University Wibben, R. T. Annick MichaelC. Williams, University Ottawa, of Canada In 2009, over 6 issues. In all, 26 full-length articles and rejoinders 2 and responses were published, all peer- special40(4–5) was a reviewed. Issue entitled issue is an international peer-reviewed peer-reviewed international an is
Helge Holtermann Glenn Martin, Jørgen Jensehaugen LeneBomann-Larsen Nils Petter Gleditsch, PRIO & NTNU, Trondheim NTNU, & PRIO Gleditsch, Petter Nils Security Dialogue Security SecurityDialogue journal that seeks to of combine new the theoretical development wide- a across policy public challenges to perspectivesof analysis with innovative ranging field of security issues. The journal aims to revisit and recast securityof the concept through encourages and methodologies, and approaches new ground-breaking reflectionon new and traditional nationalism, globalization, including issues, security technology, information war, civil and conflict ethnic biological and chemical warfare, resource conflicts, pandemics, global terrorism and non-state actors, as well as environmental, energy, food and human security. The journal seeks to provide an outlet for analysis of the normative dimensions of security, theoretical and practical aspects identity-based of conflict, gender identity aspects and of security critical and security studies. PRIO Journals PRIO the Sagetrack adopted 2009, JPR December early In manuscript tracking system. Accordingly, all sub be to now reports are new referee and submissions http://mc.manuscriptcentral/com/jpres. mittedat JPREditorial Staff 2009in Editor: ManagingEditors: ViewpointEditor: BookEditor:Review AssociateEditors MichaelBrzoska, University Hamburg of HanDorussen, University Essex of ScottGates, PRIONTNU, & Trondheim MatsHammarström, Uppsala University MagnusÖberg, Uppsala University ØyvindØsterud, University Oslo of PatrickM. Regan, Binghamton University AnneJulieSemb, University Oslo of HenrikUrdal, PRIO EditorialCommittee University SabineNottingham Carey, of PRIO Indra& Soysa, de NTNU, Trondheim Ellingsen, NTNU,Tanja Trondheim Hegre,Håvard PRIOUniversity & Oslo of TimoKivimäki, NIAS, Copenhagen DIIS, BjørnMøller, Copenhagen RagnhildNordås, PRIO,Harvard University & NTNU,Trondheim HåkanWiberg, DIIS, Copenhagen (JPR) is an interdisciplinary an is (JPR) Journal of Peace Research Peace of Journal in 1964, JPR has published the work of authors from from authors of work the published has JPR 1964, in well over 50 countries. In 2009, JPR published, in pages, 862 a total of 44 articles and 105 book notes. The 2008 Journal Citation Reports, journals 55 in of out 13 no. as 2009,ranked published June JPR in international relations in terms of its impact factor, the indicator, stable) more (and newer a on 8 no. and factor. impact five-year Since 2006, JPR has appointed an external jury to select an article for its annual ‘Article 2009, theFor was award given to Stathis N. of Award’. the Year Kalyvas & Matthew Adam Kocher for their Vietnam:AnalysisAnin article‘TheDynamicsViolence of no. issue in (HES)’ System theHamletEvaluation of 3. Khusrav Gaibulloev & Todd Sandler and Darsun Peksen were given honourable mentions for their articles in issues no. 6 and no. 1, respectively. The full announcement of the award was published in the first issueof 2010. Thejury for the 2009 award consisted of Brett Ashley Leeds (Rice Ola University), Listhaug (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU) and Ron P. Smith College). (Birkbeck Journal of Peace Research Peace of Journal and international bimonthly of on perspective global a scholarly for strives that research peace work in peacemaking. JPR is fully peer-reviewed, and submitted most articles unsolicited. are One issue guest-edited special issue, subject to the same strict per year is review process as regular a issues. Topics covered by such issues have most recently included Protecting Hafner-Burton, Emilie & Ron (James Rights Human eds, 2007); Aftermath eds, 2008); Esteban, Polarization Joan & Schneider of and ConflictCivil (Ibrahim Elbadawi,& War Hegre GaryHåvard (Gerald Milante, eds, 2008); and Micro-Level Dynamics of Violent Conflict (Philip Verwimp, Patricia Justino & Tilman Brück, eds, 2009). The next special issue focuses on State Capacity 2010). ed., Sobek, and Civil War (David been have data quantitativewith authors 1998, Since obliged to post their data As on of 31 December page (www.prio.no/jpr/datasets). our data replication listedthere. datasets 2009,were 284 by published and PRIO, at edited and by owned is JPR establishment its Since London. in Publications Sage - - - - in peacekeeping operations, post-conflict power-shar post-conflict operations, peacekeeping in of roles the and peacebuilding, challengesof the ing, civil society in peacebuilding and women processes. Nobel the visited also students course, the part As of Institute, received a two-day writing and workshop, participated in a one-day conflict-mediation simul- exercise. ation The 2009 course was attended by 23 students from theworld. countriesaround 20 Students are selected each year through competitive a process, highly and all successful applicants demonstrate a particular interest in, and in cases some bachelor’s experience a of with, equivalent minimum the peace hold and Students conflict issues. degree, but many are in the process of completing doctoraldegrees. and master’s interdisciplinary field of peace studies. The course combines theory, aspects, methodology along and with selected areas and empirical a themes, aiming to enhance more the effortsunderstanding assist to to conflictorder of in focused study of resolve it. Sessions include lectures by practitioners and scholars in the field of peace studies, as as well group work, three presentations into divided was curriculum and course the 2009, In discussions. dynam conflict, the of causes the realms: conceptual conflict,ics of resolvingconflict and building peace. histori included course duringthe explored Themes cal perspectives waron the and peace, ethics war, of inequalities horizontal justice, criminal international and conflict, election-related violence, the relation between ship climate change conflict, and terrorism radicalism challengesAsia, and inSouth trends and
International Summer Summer International 2009 School SummerSchool Group 2009 For the past 30 years, PRIO has been responsible for for beenhas responsible PRIO years, the30 past For organizing and administering the peace course research of a the is course research peace The (ISS). University School Summer of Oslo’s forms it and International ISS, the of course graduate-level popular an integral part of the university’s annual summer programme. The course begins with conflict a two-day resolution workshop and on followed peacebuilding, by which a more is general introduction to the emphasis on student participation in smallseminar- participationin student on emphasis style classes. For both programmes, lectures were given by PRIO staff other and institutions, such as visiting the Norwegian Institute speakers from of International Affairs (NUPI), Africa Nordic the the (Fafo), SocialResearch and Labour Institute for Institute, the Nansen Defence Institute, Research the Establishment Nations. NorwegianUnited (FFI) and the The Oslo semester ‘Conflict and consists Peace’, ‘Migration andEthnicity’ of and by developed The threeare courses Regions’. and ‘Nations modules: Barker. Hege by staff coordinated and PRIO In South Africa, the Department students of are Political Science taught of at the of Stellenbosch. The University the university, one of Africa’s best research universities, is located about an hour from Cape Town. Both of considerable place English and in entirely the conducted above programmes are PRIO Education PRIO
In 2006, a In autumn 2004, Master Degree Progammes Progammes Degree Master with theoretical perspectives, analytical areas. these of empirical tools knowledge and dynamics, with a Saharan Africa. particular The programme provides students emphasis on sub- semesters semesters in South Africa. The programme focuses on international political economy and conflict semester semester of this two-year programme is taught in Oslo, with students spending the subsequent three Africa, Bjørknes College in Oslo and PRIO. Thefirst PRIO. and Oslo in Africa,College Bjørknes new new master’s programme in international studies was launched by Stellenbosch University in South Master of International Studies top top universities and as number one in the southern hemisphere. Australian partner is ranked as one of the world’s This joint postgraduate been degree named a ‘Prestige Program’ programme by ANU. PRIO’s has Peacebuilding’). Peacebuilding’). of of War and Peace’), Anita Schjølset and Resolution (‘Conflict Barker (‘Gender Hege Conflict’) and and being coordinated by Henrik Syse (‘The Ethics overall coordination of the programme is out by carried Hege Barker, with the individual modules Resolution and Peacebuilding’, ‘Gender and Conflict’ and ‘Gender Peacebuilding’, and Resolution and ‘The Ethics of War and Peace’. In Oslo, the The three courses taught in Oslo are ‘Conflict The degrees are awarded by ANU. by awarded are The degrees staff of the Department of International Relations at the Research School of Pacific and AsianStudies. PRIO PRIO staff. All other courses are taken at ANU in principallyacademic the Canberraare by taught and Students Students spend one semester attending courses specially (autumn) and developed taught by in Oslo international relations, peace and conflict from two theglobe. of sides conflict studies. This innovativeprogramme brings together academics at the forefront of research on launched a new postgraduate degree in international programme relations, specializing in peace and Canberra, Bjørknes College in Oslo and PRIO Peace Peace and Conflict Studies the Australian National University (ANU) in Australian National University (ANU) in Australia.in(ANU) AustralianUniversity National run in cooperation with Bjørknes College in Oslo, Stellenbosch University in South Africa and the PRIO is involved in two master’s degree programmes degree master’s two in involved is PRIO
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 32 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 35 and Human and
Persepolis 18-19 June 18-19 Conspiracy and TheoriesRumours Wars Civil in France de College CSCWworkshop, July 9-10 Pro-Government Militias: Armed and Groups Incidence,GovernmentImpact, and Accountability Nottingham of University CSCWworkshop, September 17 Revolution? a Breaks or What Makes Week CSCWfilm seminar during Science National thethescreening following [Forskningsdagene], of film October 15–16 The Dynamics on Theof groups CSCWworking InstitutionalChangeConflict and joint a ConflictRights, held and Governance workshop October 15–17 Mechanisms Across Borders:Transnational Mobilizing War Civil of Studies, International for theSchool at Workshop for theCentre and University Fraser Simon in held – (CSCW),PRIO Civil War of theStudy BC Vancouver, October 23 The Bosnia: in Uncivic Recordand Civic Since Values Dayton CSCWworkshop December 14 RecruitmentExtra-Legal into Organisations Oxford CSCWworkshop, December 15 MimicryWars Civil in Oxford CSCWworkshop, 11–12 June 11–12 group between CSCWWorking workshop Joint the and Civilin War” Factors “Environmental project. War” of Representations “Geographical
Processes:Holistic ApproachA Cyprus Annual2009 Centre PRIO Conference Centre the for Study(CSCW) Civil of War February 14 War Civil and Politics Transnational York New CSCWworkshop, April 16–17 InstitutionalViolenceto Constraints Human on group working theCSWC of Workshop of Conflict.Rights, and University Governance Nottingham. May25 TheEast Asian ExplanationsPeace – and Sustainability with cooperation in PRIO by organized Workshop the and (Oslo) Studies Defence theInstituteof (IWEP) at Politics and Economy World Instituteof (CASS), Social Sciences of theChinese Academy Beijing 9 October 9 Abbreviated Core CriminalProcedures for InternationalCrimes Sarajevo seminar, FICHL October 23 TheRoleIntegrity and ReviewtheFirst of Conference theStatutetheInternational on of CriminalCourt PRIO seminar, FICHL PRIO Cyprus Centre January 29 TheAfterDay II 1/2009 Cyprus Paper Centre PRIO Launch of March 6 Cities ReportMigrant writtenreport a Olga of by LaunchNicosia in ‘Living theBritishCouncil’s Demetriou under initiative Together’ March 6 TheCyprus a PoliticalEconomy of Settlement theGreek of Nicosia of theUniversity Launch at Cyprus Report 1/2008, Centre PRIO of version writtenTheophanous Andreas by 18–20June LearningConflictsfromComparing and Reconciliation Afghanistanand the Region 27 May 27 TheConciliation Spacethe Afghanfor in Conflict Afghanistan CMI–PRIO seminar series November 18 Perspective Pakistani A theSituation in on Afghanistan Seminarwith MuhammedAli Saif and Criminal International For Forum (FICHL) HumanitarianLaw 5–6June LandReform Distributive and theSettlementJustice in Internal of Armed Conflict Bogotá seminar, FICHL September 4 ThePrinciple Complementarity of theExercise and of JurisdictionInternational Universal Core for Crimes PRIO seminar, FICHL 30 October 30 LessonsLearned thetheOsloCollapse of Accords From The – Mistakes That Repeat Not Obama Must SeminarwithLeVine Mark January 12 Regional A Afghanistan? to Approach Afghanistan BarnetttheCMI–PRIO in R. Rubin seminarseries February 11 AfghanistanBetween – Fear and Hope ‘The Reconstruction of (a.m.): PRIO Seminarat Failure?’ Afghanistan:or Success is “Who Vika screening(p.m.): FilmCinema at theTaliban? or NATO WinningtheWar? April 1 LeadershipIdentity, Conflict Afghanistanand in Afghanistan CMI–PRIO seminar series June 5 PostwarRecovery Role in People’s SeminarMinisterwithEhsanZia, Mohammed Islamic Development, and Rural Rehabilitation of Afghanistan. of theCMI–PRIO Republic In AfghanistanSeminar Series religion in schools and and schools in religion
PRIO co-organized this PRIO seminar theNorwegianin Parliament May 8 Gender A Perspective Post-Conflict on Settlementsin Africa of University Seminar withMeintjes, Sheila Witwatersrand May 11 Times? Our for Virtue A War: and Peace in Moderation 2 April 2 SecuritySecuritization and Copenhagen University of SeminarWæver with Ole April 14 PeaceViolence of of Culture Culture a toa From GakkaiCity Hall,Soka Oslo exhibitionopening at followed NUPI, and with PRIO cooperation in withInstitute, Stein theNobel at conference by moderator as Tønnesson April 22 Judaism in Present War and Past ConceptsHoly of theHebrew of SeminarwithFine Jonathan Dr Jerusalem of University April 23 CrimesEastern Against in Humanity Burma 6 October 6 TheGlobal Geopolitical Balance:Chinaand USA, India the at professor Mearsheimer, SeminarJ. with John Chicago of University 26–27October conference PRIO–MF themultireligious on Aninvitation-onlyconference East,the teaching Middle of familylegislation PRIO co-organized the launch of Henrik Syse’s new new co-organizedHenrik Syse’s thelaunch of PRIO anin grådighetens i [Moderation tid Måtehold book Greed] of Era September 15 ExploringGender Conflict and andIssues Nepal in TheNorth India: Recent Phase of Upadhyaya Sharan Anjoo Seminarwith Professor Banaras Hindu at Nepal of theStudy for theCenter Indiain University September 23 ThePresent BosniaPolitical & Situation in HercegovinaThoughts and – theFuture for theNansen of SeminarBrki´c Goranci with Ljuljjeta Dialogue(NDC) Sarajevo Centre in acebuildingEthics(PeacE) Seminars Oslo launch at PRIO, Oslo (J. Peter Burgess, Christa Burgess, Peter (J. Oslo PRIO, launchat Oslo Kristoffer & Lidén) Waters Waters & Kristoffer & Lidén) Waters February20 Religions War theNorms World and of co-edited Greg book by launchof Washington Reichberg March 2 Destruction Mass of SmallArms Weapons – Bargain thefilm Devil’s introduced Isenberg David Dokumentarkino Oslo at March 18 Pe Forumfor Film seminar in collaboration with Olso seminarFilm collaboration in theDevil Pray screening Backof Dokumentarkino’s Hell to February 19 Religions War theNorms World and of co-edited Greg book by launchof York New Reichberg February 19 Peacebuilding Ethics for Forum Millennium Plaza UN at PeacE, launchof York New Christa Burgess, Peter (with J. York New Hotel, by alumni by party in 280 with approximately attendance  January 12 TheCase Dual State:The Turkish Ilhan Professor and Seminarwith Tunander Ola Ankara of University Uzgel January 22 Movements or Grassroots WhoCreatesPeace? Politicians? 11 June 11 ThePeace Day seminars: Two Opportunity Peace seminar – Missed?’and ‘A • conflict data PRIO/Uppsala launchof a Have Peace Does Where Today: ‘The • World Chance?’ June 12 TheDay Alumni followed Now’, Then and Research Seminar‘Peace Selected PRIO Events Events PRIO Selected 2009
Anniversary Events our of historical sites of our PRIO
The Film Day: Waltz with Bashir TheWaltz Day: Film seminar by screeningFilm followed 10 June 10 TheSecurityPeace & Gender Women, Day: PRIO at Team Research theGender Organized by 8 June 8 Vernissage for Anniversary Vernissagefor Exhibitions 6 June 6 T Internalevent 6 June 6 Hosted by Fabian Stang, Mayor of Oslo of Stang,Mayor Fabian by Hosted 5 June 5 AnniversaryReception Hall Oslo at Town Seminar Series) SeminarSeries) of Rural Rehabilitation and Development, Islamic Islamic Development, and Rural Rehabilitation of Afghanistan Afghanistanof Republic (CMI–PRIO SeminarwithMinisterEhsanZia, Mohammed 5 June 5 PostwarRecovery Role in People’s Berg Harpviken Berg PRIO alumnus Per Olav Reinton (NRK journalist) Reinton Olav alumnus Per PRIO Kristian by moderated – interviewed theauthor og fredog 28 May28 history, Strid PRIO’s on book Gudleiv Forr’s of Launch Internal lunch seminar with Helge Pharo Internal seminarlunch Pharo with Helge 12 May 12 ThePeaceNorway Nationa of as Image Oslo launch at PRIO (J. Peter Burgess, Christa Burgess, Peter (J. PRIO launchat Oslo Kristoffer & Lidén) Waters 18 March 18 Peacebuilding Ethics(PeacE) for Forum M. Mitchell,with discussant M. Russett as Bruce & Inger Skjelsbæk as panellists as chaired Sara – Skjelsbæk by Inger & Fifty Years of Peace Research of FiftyYears Øyvind Forr, Ekelund with Gudleiv Roundtable, ISA 16 February 16 ISA Annual Convention, New York – reception reception – York New Annual Convention, ISA Publications Sage by sponsored and PRIO by hosted AnniversaryReception New York in 15 February 15
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 34 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 37 - -
- - 53(4), 53(4), 129(2): 129(2): Journal ‘Det
Journal
46(1, 2,4, 46(1, Historisktidskrift GlobalGover 46(3), May. May. 46(3), 15(4): 539–557. 15(4):
JournalPeace of
JournalIssues
1325 on Women, Peace and Peace Women, on 1325 Security’, nance Ola. Tunander, kallade så elefantmötet’ [TheSo-Called Elephant Meeting], (Journalthe Swedishof HistoricalSociety) 251–255. Cederman,Lars-Erik Kristian & Skrede Gleditsch,eds. Tryggestad,L. Torunn The UN Treat? ‘Trick or Se of Implementation and curityCouncil Resolution of Conflict of Resolution August.Special on Issue DisaggregatingCivil Wars. Gleditsch, Nilsed. Petter, Peace of Research March, January, July, 5,6), November. September, Gleditsch,Nils Petter, ed. Research Micro- Specialon Issue LevelDynamics Violent of Conflict. Lidén,Kristoffer; RogerMac Ginty Oli & Richmond, eds.P. ver InternationalPeacekeeping Special November. 16(5), Liberal on Issue Peace buildingReconstructed. ------‘What
Asian ‘Conflicted ‘Religious 33(1): 111–136. 33(1):
15(3): 375–395. 15(3):
NationsNaand 7(1): 22–33. 7(1): 9(3): 361–385. 9(3): 3(1): 49–58. 3(1):
Nordic JournalNordic of 16(5): 635–651. 635–651. 16(5):
tionalism praksis Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. Values: and Outcomes inCen (Neo)LiberalPeace tralAfghanistan’,Asiaand InternationalPeacekeep ing Thoresen,Beate. a ‘Rebellion Without Peaceful Conflict Shot: ManagementinEcuador’, Conflict, Security & Devel opment Stian Tiller, Johansen. ‘Motvilligeforhandling spartnere?Araberstatene forhandlingene og det om palestinskeflyktningprob [Reluctant 1949’ i lemet Partners?Negotiation The Negotiaand States Arab the Palestinian on tions Refugeein1949], Problem Babylon Tønnesson,Stein. ‘TheNa to Class Route tionhood:China, Vietnam, Cyprus andNorway, – France’, Tønnesson,Stein. That BestExplains It Is the EastAsian Peace Calla A for 1979? Since ResearchAgenda’, Perspective Trimikliniotis,Nicos Corina & Demetriou. ‘Trafficking, Profiteer Complicity: ingState and Researchingthe Demand Prostitution of and Side TraffickingCyprus’, in Translocations:Migration Socialand Change 1–32. 5(1): Syse,Henrik. Ethics,Christianity, and War’, AppliedEthics Etikk – i -
------Inter
‘The
Third World ThirdWorld 22(5): 22(5): Sociologii
MinervaJour 30(8): 1–19. 30(8): ‘LeavingSecuri
51(2): 211–230. 51(2): LawSocialand 11(3): 392–411. 11(3):
‘The Role of East ‘The of Role 39(2): 72–90. 39(2):
War and Women nal of nationalJournalFeminist of Politics Skjelsbæk,Inger & L. Torunn Tryggestad. inthe Norwegian ‘Women Gender ArmedForces: EqualityOperational or Imperative?’, 34–51. 3(2): Strand,Arne. Complicat Smaller Issues ingthe Larger Picture’, TheCyprus Review 187–192. 21(1): Suhrke,Astri Kaja & Borchgrevink. ‘NegotiatingSector Justice inAfghanistan’,Reform Crime, Simonsen,Sven Gunnar. tyIdentity, Hands: inSafe Legitimacy Cohesion and Afghaninthe New and Armies’, Iraqi Quarterly Simonsen,GunSven nar. Security Timor’s Institu IntegrainNationaltions Disintegration’, and – tion Pacific Review 575–596. Skjelsbæk,Inger. ‘Kjønnsbasertkrig: i vold kunns god få Hvordan hvilken på og kap måte?’ Violence [Gender-Based Get To How inWar: GoodKnowledge In and Ways?], What Skjelsbæk,Inger. Transi and ‘Traditions ‘Good of Perceptions tions: Among Womanhood’ Bosnian Focus Twenty Participants’, Group dag Change - -
------
- - ‘Build Babylon 53(2): 53(2): ‘Popula
Journal of ‘Regional 3(3):1–17. PoliticalGeogra ‘Managing ‘Trekantdra shildJason & 32(3): 78–95. 32(3): International Å 35: 557–580. 35:
‘Flyktningkvinnen 28(4): 224–238. 28(4): 16(5): 616–634. 16(5):
Raleigh,Clionadh & HåvardHegre. Concentration, Size, tion GeoCivil and A War: graphicallyDisaggregated Analysis’, phy Richmond, Oliver P. Ei Post-Liberal Peace: ‘A therenismand Everyday’, ReviewInternational of Studies Sandvik,Kristin Berg tora. rettslig som aktør: Margin aliseringrettsbevisshet og Kampala, i [The Uganda’ RefugeeFemale Ju a as dicialActor: Marginaliza Legaland tion Awareness inKampala, Uganda], Retfærd Kolås, Miklian. IntractableConflict: In dianStrategies’, ConflictManagement and Development Lidén,Kristoffer. Between ing Peace Global Localand Onthe Politics: CosmopoliticalEthics of LiberalPeacebuilding’, InternationalPeacekeep Nygård,Håvard Mokleiv. Israel, mellom maet [The Hezbollah’ Iran og Iran–HezbollahIsrael– DramaTriangle], 87. – 66 7(2): Østby,Gudrun; RagnhildNordås & JanKetil Rød. InequalitiesCiviland ConflictSub-Saharan in Africa’, StudiesQuarterly 301–324. ing ------20(5): 20(5):
‘Pov 16(5): 16(5): ‘A ‘A
‘Hamas ‘Trad Defence - 40(1): 40(1): 22(1): 22(1): ‘Trade ‘Trade Journal
Conflict Democrati . ‘Rain, . Growth 53(4): 298–623. 53(4): Interna
JournalConflict of 7(2): 22–33. 7(2):
16(1): 59–80. 16(1):
26(1): 26–45. 26(1):
of Refugee of Studies 30–50. Jensehaugen,Jørgen. ‘Flyktningnasjonalisme: til[RefuNakba Fra PLO’ Nationalism: gee From the PLO], theto Nakba Babylon Jensen,Sandholt Peter Kristian & Skrede Gleditsch Civiland The Impor War: Location’, tanceof Peaceand Economics 359–372. Kittelsen,Sonja. ‘ConceptualizingBiorisk: Risk theDread and Threat BioterrorisminEurope’, of SecurityDialogue 51–71. Hauge,Wenche. LatinAmerican Agenda Peace’, for tionalPeacekeeping 685–698. Hegre,Håvard. Size or Dependence The Dependence? Gravity theand Trade of Model LiberalPeace’, ManagementPeaceand Sci Hegre,Håvard; GudrunØstby & ClionadhRaleigh. erty Events: Civil and War Disaggregated A of Study Liberia’, Resolution Hovdenak,Are. The FailureinTransition: Sanctions’, of zation Hovdenak,Are. ingRefugeesLand and for The Palestinian Symbols: StrategyNegotiation in Process’, the Oslo ence ------
- -
‘Con -
16(5): 16(5): 84(2): 84(2):
‘Educa
TheCyprus 45(6): 45(6): Middle
‘The Prob Interna Conflict 18(3): 397–418. 18(3):
JournalPeace of ‘Politics, Society ‘Politics, 46(2): 269–283. 46(2):
20(2): 145–171. 20(2):
‘TheLiberal Peace Review tianSkrede Gleditsch Giacomo & Chiozza. ‘IntroducingArchigos: PoliticalDataset A of Leaders’, Research Hatay,Mete. Pigeons:Oriental of lem a and Xenophobia ism, Rhetoricthe “Local” of in NorthCyprus’, Hatay,Mete Altay & Nevzat. theand Decline Islam of inCyprus:the Otto From the manTwenty- to Era Century’,First EasternStudies 911–933. Dupuy,Kendra. Agreements, inPeace tion 1989–2005’, ResolutionQuarterly 149–166. 26(2): Erdal,Marta Bivand Kristian & Stokke. tributing Development? to TransnationalActivities Norway’, inTamils Among AsianPacificand Migra tionJournal Eriksen,Stein Sund støl. Neither: Peacebuilding,Is Building State theand Conflict Reproductionof inthe Democratic Repub Congo’, of lic tionalPeacekeeping 652–666. Gleditsch,Nils Petter Ragnhild & Nordås. ‘ClimateChange Con and flict: A Critical Overview’, DieFriedens-Warte 11–28. Goemans,Hein; Kris ------57(1): 57(1):
Inter - Cyprus 47(3): 47(3):
World World ‘TheDevil’s International ‘Ethno-Nation ‘It Takes Two: Two: Takes ‘It 53(4): 570–597. 53(4): ‘Ethno-Nation
61(3): 403–437. 403–437. 61(3): 20(2): 79–116. 20(2): JournalConflict of
35(1): 85–105. 35(1):
53(4): 496–525. 53(4):
Resolution Review Verdean Migration’, Migration’, Verdean nationalMigration 123–155. Cederman,Lars-Erik; HalvardBuhaug Jan & KetilRød. alistDyads Civiland War: Analysis’, GIS-Based A JournalConflict of Resolu tion Cederman,Lars- Erik;Kristian Skrede GleditschLuc & Girardin. alistAssessing Triads: the of Groups Influence Kin Civil on Wars’, Binningsbø. SocialExcrement as Ce Natural ment: Resources Politicaland Terror, 1980–2002’, SocialScience Journal 21–32. Soysa,de Indra; ThomasJackson & ChristinM. Ormhaug. ‘DoesGlobalizationProfit theSmall Arms Bazaar?’, InternationalInterac Demetriou,Corina & NicosTrimikliniotis. ‘Evaluatingthe Anti-Dis criminationLawinthe Cyprus: of Republic A Critical Reflection’, Cunningham,David; KristianSkrede GleditschIdean & Salehyan. Dyadic A Analysis Civil of Duration Outand War come’, Soysa,de Indra & HelgaMalmin tions Politics - -
43: 43:
- -
- - ‘There ‘The
53(4): 53(4):
Babylon ‘Asym Journal of Public “For vi var “For and and ‘Mobilitythe at 14(1): 135–160. 135–160. 14(1):
PolitischeViertel 44(3): 309–328. 44(3): 1(1): 45–57. 45–57. 1(1):
35(3): 330–340. 35(3):
kesson. Conflict und die Rekrutierungdieund Kindersoldaten: von Neue Evidenzeinerdisag aus gregiertenAnalyse der afrikanischen Regionen’ [PovertyChildand Soldier Recruitment:Disag A African of gregatedStudy Regions], 386–413. Afeef,Karin Fathimath. Asyldebatten dem”: som Were We [‘For Israel’ i The LikeAsylum Them’: inIsrael], Debate 7(2): 8–21. 7(2): Endre Begby, & J.PeterBurgess. ‘HumanSecurity and LiberalPeace’, Reason Buhaug,Halvard; Scott GatesPäivi & Lujala. Capabil Rebel ‘Geography, theand Duration of ity, CivilConflict’, Conflict Resolution 544–569. Burgess,J. Peter. Europe’, of Nomos New Geopolitics Burgess, J. Peter. European Security, No is OnlyEuropean Securities’, Cooperation Butler,Christopher K. Scott & Gates. metry, Parity, and (Civil)and Parity,metry, Can International War: Us Help TheoriesPower of CivilUnderstand War?’, InternationalInterac tions Carling,Jørgen Lisa & Å Patterns Nation: Hearta of Meaningsand Cape of jahresschriftSonderhefte - -
- Måte ‘Armut ‘Armut . Basingstoke: . Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, War and Children:and War
SocialNetworks . Nijmegen: Univer Nijmegen: . . New York: United United York: New . Rethinkingthe Free
Peer-Reviewed JournalArticles EditedVolumes Monographs World Religions World Normsand War of UniversityPress. Nations Achvarina,Vera; RagnhildNordås, GudrunØstby Siri & AasRustad. PalgraveMacmillan. Syse,Henrik. holdgrådighetens i – tid inanAge [Moderation– Cappelen Oslo: Greed]. of Damm. Tønnesson,Stein. Vietnamthe1946: How Began. War California Universityof Press. Minderhoud,Paul & NicosTrimikliniotis, eds. Movement Workers: of TheEuropeanChallenges Ahead Nijmegen. sityof Popovski,Vesselin; GregoryReichberg & eds.Nicholas Turner, Oslo. Supervisors: Oslo. Åshild KnutKjeld PRIO; Kolås, stadli, Oslo Universityof May). 20 (completed Dupuy,Kendra Krijn & Peters. Reference A Handbook. CA: Barbara, Santa Praeger. Harpviken,Kristian Berg. Migrationand Wartime in Afghanistan -
- , - - , Children History
, Peace Peace , Turkey’s Mil Turkey’s Peace and Conflictand Peace Department Master’sDegree Theses Doctoral Dissertations Viken,Harald. EducationNorthern in Ireland, Studies, Universityof History(IAKH), Univer Supervisor: Oslo. sityof HenriksenHilde Waage, PRIO & Oslo Universityof 14 May). (completed Vermeij,Lotte. Rebellion: of Socialization Child of Soldiers Conflictand Studies, Super Oslo. Universityof visor:PRIO ScottGates, August). (defended of Peace and Conflictand Peace of Research,Uppsala Supervisors: University. Peter Inger Skjelsbæk & Wallensteen(defended May). 20 Stian Tiller, Johansen. DefendingtheAgenda: UN ThePeace Effort the of PalestineConciliation Commission,1949–1951 DepartmentArchaeol of Conservation andogy, Oslo; Pavel Baev & J. Peter Peter J. & Baev Pavel Oslo; (defended PRIO Burgess, June). 19 Krampe,Florian. ChangingIdentity: BelligerentsTransformation Reconciliation Towards AnExplorative – Study Zimbabwe Southandon Africa, Tank, Pinar. Pinar. Tank, itaryElite Crossroad: a at toDesecuritisation? Paths DepartmentPolitical of Universityof Science, Supervisors: Oslo. Bernt Hagtvet, Universityof Selected PRIO PRIO Selected 2009 in Publications -
umes, and and umes, www.prio.no/ popular articles. popular For a complete list of of list complete a For In addition, PRIO and and PRIO addition, In 2009 publications, see see publications, 2009 contributed to over 130 130 over to contributed 30 chapters in edited vol edited in chapters 30 60 conference papers and and papers conference 60 Research-and-Publications CSCW staff presented over over presented staff CSCW 100 lectures, published over over published lectures, 100
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 36
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 39 Dec ct.9th. O
atinAmerica suggesting by Nov L rizewas awarded P eace P obel iedadCordoba should awardedbe the prize. etterGleditsch was awarded the Møbius prize.
N P P Oct ils he that N T KristianBerg Harpviken commented prior andto afterthe announcement. Wenche Hauge raised massive a discussion in O RI
P Sept orth Administration N ønnesson T S- LeneK. Borg Andersen LarsEven CathrineBye DamianLaws Normann Svein Sandberg LornaQ. AlfButenschønSkre U orwegianpresence in
N Aug KristianB. Harpviken commented onthe Koreanrelations. Afghanistan.Stein commentedon hoto:Andrew J. Feltham, P O RI
P July ppsala/ U rogramme P s 50th s anniversary week and
O Jun ⁄ RI
Conflict Data newdata from the P May Director s Office s Director Information Mette Halskov Hansen, Nazneen Khan Østrem (dep.), Raimo Sohlberg,Väyrynen,Jan Paul Brekke, Bernt Aardal Siri(chair). C. Aas Rustad, Jørgen Carling, Ragnhild ønnesson T AgneteSchjønsby Bessière Julien DamianLaws AlfButenschønSkre KristianBerg Harpviken Berggrav Halvor K. Haavardsson Ingeborg Nygaard P. Lynn Skjelsbæk Inger aperon
P Apr maral-Bashir. Stein
O Mar MortenBergsmo commented onthe arrest warrantagainst commentedonthe WhiteMFA InternationalRelations. (ex officio) (ex PRIO (Deputy Chair)
PRIO (ex officio) (ex Feb PRIO
(ex officio) (ex
PRIO (Chair) Jan The Board members Board The Deputies PRIO in the media 2009 media the in PRIO shildKolås, 600 450 300 150 0 Jo SaglieJo Social Oslo Research, Institutefor NazneenKhan Østrem College University Oslo BerntAardal Social Oslo Research, Institutefor JanBrekkePaul Social Oslo Research, Institutefor JørgenCarling, MetteHalskov Hansen Oslo of University SiriCamilla Aas Rustad, RagnhildSohlberg RaimoVäyrynen LeneK. Borg KristianBerg Harpviken IngerSkjelsbæk KarinAggestam University Lund HaraldDag Claes Oslo of University AndrewJ. Feltham, Å Thelibrary
journals, and
any individual any institute Thesee-mail member. alertslinks include to contents. of tables Databases. theISI subscribesto and Science of Web Journal Citation ISI CIAO, Reports,JSTOR, LancasterHeinOnline, Defence to Index International and SecurityLiterature, Asian of Bibliography Encyclopaedia Studies, Britannica, Europa Keesing’s Plus, World Online,Transitions News Online,World (WNC),Connection PressDisplay Atekst, Statskalenderen. and the year thelibrary theyear approximately held periodical 710 titles, bothcurrent and Another discontinued. have subscriptions 7 start to ordered been 2009 2010.In from begansubscription we anHeinOnline, to of collection online journals. law PRIO’s thein membership NIASCouncil Nordic (NNC)further grants thelibrary to full access of host a thatmainly databases, AsianEast an have also is PRIO scope. JSTOR, to connected theelectronicarchive perio- of issues back of dicals. TheITsystem library’s periodical holdings for automatic an cansend e-mailnotification thearrival about a of issue new a of particularperiodical to Also of Alsoof . . A high A priority
. O RI P periodicals. theend By library 2009,PRIO’s of 365 approximately held currentperiodicals. titles,these320 Of accessed be could computers from online local withinPRIO’s increase an – network 2008. from 6% of of theend total, at In that are basic for for basic thatare and peace in work research.conflict reference strong A themost of collection handbooks, relevant encyclopaedias, dictionaries, yearbooks statistical and sources have essential. We is special a accepted also the for responsibility of production vast foundingfather, PRIO’s Galtung. Johan the of theend At thelibrary held year, 26,000 approximately of increase an volumes, theprevious over 4% The library’s year. searchable is database intranet. PRIO’s on Periodicals crucialimportance is relevant stockour of Books thelibrary the is for books of acquisition has hoto:Sven Gunnar Simonsen, HeadLibrarian: Odvar Leine. Librarian: Olga Baeva P the number of loans loans of thenumber external to to visitors However, thelibrary. visitsfrom and requests externalsincreased 8%. by thesupporting library alland projects for PRIO; at researchers function a as public a permanentcollection documentation and peace for centre conflict and research is such,it (as resolution visitors); outside to open function network a and library a as cooperating sharing and resources withlibrariesinother abroad. and Norway out loans Interlibrary docu- (i.e. PRIO from article plus lent ments saw provided) copies from decrease 19% a 2009,while to 2008 into interlibrary loans by decreased PRIO 2% a was There 2%. thenumber in decrease within loans of PRIO, in decrease 10% a and The PRIOThe library threemain functions: internalan function as The PRIO Library PRIO The
- - - Oslo: Oslo: PRIO PRIO Oslo: Oslo: PRIO PRIO ‘Armed ‘Armed 1. Nicosia: Nicosia: 1. 2. Nicosia: 2. Nicosia: PRIO Cyprus PRIO ‘TheAfter Day II: PRIO Cyprus PRIO PRIO Paper. Paper. PRIO PRIO Paper. Paper. PRIO Oslo: PRIO. Oslo: Publications2009 PRIO Cyprus Centre Centre Cyprus PRIO
CentrePaper Cyprus PRIO Centre. Kyriacou,Praxoula Antoniadou;Ozlem Fiona Oguz& Mullen. ReconstructingReunited a Cyprus’, CentrePaper Cyprus PRIO Centre. Arabic’, Maronite CyprusCentre Policy Brief Cyprus PRIO Nicosia: 1. Centre. Jacobson,David; BernardMusyck, SteliosOrphanides Craig & Webster. ‘TheOpening Ledra of Street/LockmaciCrossing inApril 2008:Reactions Citizens from Shop and keepers’, PRIO. Wallacher,Hilde. ‘MineAction inColom Through bia Gendered Lenses’, PRIO. M. Costas Constantinou, ‘TheProtection and RevivalCypriot of Ormhaug,Christin (withPatrick Meier & HelgaHernes). Conflict Deaths Disag Gender’, gregatedby Paper. Rolandsen,Øystein. ‘Land,Security Peace and Buildinginthe Southern Sudan’, - -
- PRIO PRIO ‘Inte PRIO PRIO 9/2009. 9/2009. PRIO PRIO ‘Illicit ‘Post- ‘Vers une ‘Vers ‘Towards ‘Towards ‘Sexual 10/2009. Oslo: Oslo: 10/2009. PRIO Paper. PRIO PRIO Paper. Paper. PRIO shild. shild. Å Å Oslo: PRIO. Oslo: Oslo: PRIO. Oslo: PRIOPapers Miklian,Jason. Sharing:Conflict Power TheNepalCase’, Paper. Trading inNepal: Trading Fueling SouthAsian Terrorism’, PRIO. Oslo: Paper. PRIO Miklian, ‘Nepal’s Jason. Constructing Terai: an EthnicConflict’, Paper. Burundi?An Assessment thePitfalls andPromise of Democratization of in Burundi], PRIO. Oslo: Miklian,Jason. Falch, Bu au démocratie durable rundi?évaluation des Une écueilset promesses du démocratisa de processus Burundi’ au tion [Towards DurableDemocracy in DurableDemocracy in Burundi?An Assessment thePitfalls andPromise of Democratization of in Burundi’, PRIO. Oslo: PolicyBrief PRIO. Falch, Mine ActionMine Conflict],in Policy BriefPRIO PRIO. Oslo: Chun,Suk. by Exploitation Abuse and Peacekeepers’, UN Wallacher,Hilde & KjellKjellman. perspectivala graciónde actividades en género de relativaslasminas a en conflicto’situaciones de Mainstreaming [Gender in ------PRIO PRIO ‘Private 5/2009. 5/2009. 4/2009. 4/2009. 6/2009. 6/2009. 2/2009. 2/2009. ‘Landand ‘ExtremeIn 1/2009. Oslo: Oslo: 1/2009. Oslo: PRIO. Oslo: ‘Reconciling PRIO Policy BriefPRIO ‘DiasporaOrgani PRIOPolicy Briefs PRIOReports PRIO Policy BriefPRIO PRIO. Oslo: sessed Landsessed Distribuand inColombia’, tiveJustice & Rodrigo & Uprimny. Dispos ‘Reparationof Saffon,Maria Paula Oslo: PRIO. Oslo: Property in Colombia’, PropertyinColombia’, Policy BriefPRIO Ibáñez,Ana María. Rural of ‘Concentration Oslo: PRIO. Oslo: PRIO Policy BriefPRIO sideration – Rural – Policies sideration 2002–09’, inColombia, Francisco. equality:Political A Con GutiérrezSanín, 3/2009. Elster,Jon. Peace’, Oslo: PRIO. Oslo: butions to Peacebuilding?’, Peacebuilding?’, to butions Policy BriefPRIO AfricainNorway: Contri Gaas. of the Horn from zations Horst,Cindy & MohamedHusein PRIO. PolicyBrief HumanAspects Unau of thorizedMigration’, María. with Control the Border HernándezCarretero,
PRIO Report 1/2009. PRIO PRIO. Oslo: MilitaryContractors and Strategy’, Grand U.S. Isenberg,David.
PRIOSeries 2009
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 38 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 41 ------BoardMember BoardMember RaimoVäyrynen Mette Halskov Hansen Halskov Mette externalenvironment. during PRIO at employed were people 94 average, On 2009, working an equivalent of 65.2 person-years. The average number of people employed at PRIO during the year increased by 8 from 2008 to 2009, and the number of person-years increased by 2. A total of 116 persons were engaged by PRIO during part-time a CSCW those by on 2009, basis. of many master’s 11 and candidates doctoral During14 2009, degree students benefited fromscholarships and/or PRIO. at workspace In employees. its equality for gender promotes PRIO 2009, work carried out by research staff at the in stitute amounted to 50 person-years. Among junior theof 63% for responsible were women researchers, person-years worked. For senior researchers hold ing doctoral degrees, the corresponding figure was professorial with those for 6% only was it while 40%, per were 15.2 addition, person-years In competence. administrative by formed support staffand PRIO, at these. of 47% for responsible were women and discriminationmakes active effortsPRIO prevent to on the basis of functional ability, ethnicity, national origin, skinor religious or philosophical colour, ori Activitiesentation. performed in this include regard recruitment, remuneration and tions, promotional schemes, staff pro development working condi against harassment. protection grammes and PRIO is engaged in the project ‘Peace and Recon ciliation in the Eastern Mediterranean’. In relation to this project, a branch office has been established PRIO the of work the Cyprus. from Apart Nicosia, in activities car Cyprusare theinstitute’s all of Centre, Oslo. in offices PRIO’s at riedout AprilOslo, 9 2010 of the budgeted income was considered certain. was considered The the budgeted of income contin for conditions the that opinion the of is Board present. are operation ued PRIO enjoys a good internal working environment. Routines for health, environmental awareness and security have been established, and ronment committee a has work been set envi up. PRIO is also committed inthe fosteringto on agreement a more de in participate employees PRIO workplace. clusive cisionmaking at the institute through membership InstitutethetheCouncil and on representation or of PRIO Board. Reported sick leave in 2009 was 2.1% (2.8% in 2008). The institute does not pollute the ------. . The out 12,617,000. 12,617,000. PRIO has
Director BoardMember BoardMember Jørgen Carling Jørgen RagnhildSohlberg strategic institute programmes KristianHarpviken Berg proved proved a core grant of NOK has been PRIO’s most important funder in 2009, providing 21.3% of the institute’s income. Additional total income was generated operatingthrough including funders, other several for projects research NorwegiantheMinistry Commission, European the Bank. theWorld and Defence of For 2010, the Research Council of Norway has ap finan moderate a turnover and stable a for budgeted 76% thestart theyear, At of 2010. cial surplus for The institute’s total operating income amounted to 73.1 million,NOK the small cor 1%a on of decrease show accounts 2009 The 2008. for figure responding a deficitofNOK 1.6 million, againsta surplusof 3.3 million in 2008. This result is considered unsatis factory and withnot in accordance the strategic aim of building up PRIO’s net assets. The 2009 deficit amount now which assets, thenet by willcovered be 32.2to NOK million, equivalent to 51% of net assets and liabilities. The cash-flow analysis alsoshows a net decrease of NOK 0.4 million in the institute’s cash equivalents from 31 December 2008 to 31 De is however, liquiditysituation, PRIO’s 2009. cember good: current considered assets are equivalent 2.3 to 2009. December times31 current liabilitiesat annualaccounts the that opinion the of is Board The financialsituation PRIO’s of view fair trueand a give 2009. December 31 of as Research the from grant core a receives instituteThe Council to According of currentNorway. guidelines governmental fundingfor institutes,research of the car qualityresearch the ensure of funds should core ried out at the institute through long-term compe tence-building within key research areas. In 2009, grants research to allocationcore of for model new a institutes was launched, to be gradually phased in over a number of years. The new model consists of two one components: based on outputs, the second consisting of put-based component is allocated on the indicators. of set a on achievements basis of In 2009, the core grant represented 16.4% of theinstitute’s total income. In addition, the Research Council of Norway’s contribution to the Centre of Excellence represented 14% of the institute’s total turnover. A further 27% of the institute’s came income from the Research Council through ordinary project grants. Next to the Research Council of Nor way, the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Report from the Board 2009 Board the from Report ------Chair Bernt AardalBernt BoardMember BoardMember Jan Paul Brekke Paul Jan Siri CamillaSiri Rustad Aas 7 scientific monographs (the corresponding(the monographs scientific 7 8) 2008 was figurefor 2008 was 54) figure (the for chapters book 31 66 peer-reviewed journal articles peer-reviewed figure (the 66 44) was 2008 for doctoraldissertations figure (the completed 2 2) was 2008 for Centre for the Study of Civil War (CSCW) Civil War of theStudy for Centre (Director:Gates) Scott Peacebuilding and ConflictResolution (Leader:Åshild Kolås) Inger (Leaders: Identities and Ethics,Norms Carling) Jørgen Skjelsbæk, SecurityBurgess) Peter (Leader:J.
• • • • • • • •
The following research output is emphasized: is output Theresearch following The purpose of the condi the concerning Peace research Research in engage Institute to is Oslo (PRIO) tions peacefulfor relations between nations, groups and individuals. Since its foundation in PRIO 1959, has played a central international in role developing discipline. importantan academic as research peace In 2009, PRIO proudly celebrated its 50th anniver sary as an independent, international and interdis ciplinary research institute. The marked anniversary by an was extensive and varied programme of social and events. academic Kristian Berg Harpviken formally took over as In stitute Director from 1 July 2009. Simultaneously, Inger Skjelsbæk assumed the position of Director. The change to the directorship Deputy has greatly influenced PRIO’s work in 2009. Throughout formulation the the in invested was work much autumn, of a new strategy for the period 2010–13. Important further aimsinclude academ strengthening PRIO’s and research, peace of areas core within profile the ic strengthening the organization through a focus on creativity productivity. quality, and of terms in organized was PRIO at research 2009, In three and programmes: Excellence’ of ‘Centre one With respect to research, we consider 2009 to have research, solid with PRIO, for year good another been a high level of activity, a distinct media profile and coverage, and a strong engagement for policy influ ence. A financialdeficit wasincurred in 2009,due to extraordinary regular costs PRIO’s outside opera tions.
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 40 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 43 ote 6 ote 3 ote ote 2 ote ote 4 ote 3 ote ote 11 ote ote 12 ote N N N N N N N 2 812 2 6 197 6 BoardMember BoardMember 2 833 2 8 180 8 2 847 2 6 499 6 3 788 3 2008 2 630 2 2 630 2 2 833 2 51 055 51 27 597 27 14 984 14 RaimoVäyrynen 64 711 64 64 711 64 62 081 62 33 794 33 28 08428 Mette Halskov Hansen Halskov Mette 6 197 6 3 033 3 7 753 7 1 737 1 2009 2 727 2 1 584 1 799 6 4 580 4 1 737 1 4 580 4 14 625 14 26 032 26 50 633 50 61 113 61 26 041 26 32 229 32 62 850 62 62 850 62 T (Allfigures in NOK thousands) Director BoardMember BoardMember Jørgen Carling Jørgen Oslo, 9 AprilOslo, 9 2009 RagnhildSohlberg KristianHarpviken Berg therreceivables therequity capital therliabilities rojectadvances from funders ensionliabilities Balance Sheet Sheet Balance Fixedassets Machinesandfurniture fixed assets Total Currentassets Debtors O Bankandcash handin current assets Total assets Total Netassets Basiccapital O December assetsnet 31 Total Allocationforliabilities P allocation liabilitiesTotal for Currentliabilities Withholdingtax, social security, VA P Accountspayable O current liabilities Total assetsnet and liabilitiesTotal Chair Bernt AardalBernt BoardMember BoardMember Jan Paul Brekke Paul Jan Siri CamillaSiri Rustad Aas Assets NetAssets and Liabilities ote 3 ote 7 ote ote 4 ote N N N otes9 5, N 0 0
541 945 403 1 130 1 1 199 1 1 199 1 2 436 2 (606) 7 969 7 3 301 3 3 329 3 2 259 2 8 726 8 2 794 2 2008 2008 1 720 1 2 809 2 3 301 3 301 3 8 070 8 2 033 2 1 268 1 9 083 9 13 342 13 10 503 10 39 350 39 56 984 56 (1 551) (1 (1 013) (1 51 055 51 74 065 74 72 797 72 42 985 42 (1 013) (1 0 0
120 427 106 220 884 (79) 565) 3 718 3 (359) (343) 1 747 1 2 696 2 8 692 8 7 458 7 1 857 1 2009 2009 1 403 1 1 235 1 1 235 1
1 751 1 (422) (343) 11 639 11 42 271 42 11 980 11 57 539 57 (1 565) (1 76 416 76 (1 904) (1 51 055 51 73 100 73 50 633 50 (3316) (1 565) (1 (1
(Allfigures in NOK thousands)
(All figures in NOK thousands)
therrevenues therpersonnel costs fficecosts rojectgrants rofessionalfees aymentspurchase for fixed of assets aymentssalefixed for of assets ravel,representation andseminars ffectpension of fund
Financialincome Financialexpenses Coregrants P Salesrevenues O Changeotherin periodized items activities operating from flow cash Net P P activities investment from flow cash Net equivalents cash and cash in change Net January 1 at equivalents cash and Cash December 31 at equivalents cash and Cash Annualsurplus Depreciations disposalon Loss fixed of assets Gaindisposalon fixed of assets Changeproject advances from funders Changedebtors Changeother receivables Changeaccounts payable andother liabilities E Netfinancial items Netsurplus Transferredotherto equity capital Statement Flow Cash Total operating revenues Total Salariesandsocial costs P operating expenses Total Operatingsurplus (deficit) Income Statement Income O Runningcosts field for office T O Depreciations
CashOperatingFrom Flow Activities Cashand Cash Equivalents FinancialIncome/Expenses Cashfrom Investment Flow Activities DisposalNetSurplus of NetSurplus OperatingExpenses OperatingRevenues
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 42 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 45 - - - 2008 2008 2008 5.75% 4.25% 4.50% 5.00% 712 917 712 597 358 597 791 882 791 845432 301 259 301 982 796 982 296 099 296
197 000 197
173 324) 173 350 231 350
794 358 794
482 969) 482 833 068) 833 3
(350 099) (350 4 3 6 27 26 24 30 36 639 089 639 36 (7 (2 (2 39 33 Assetsliabilities < 31 December 2008 31 2009 2009 2009 5.75% 4.25% 4.50% 5.00% 231 671 231 597 358 597 009176 032 495 032 223592 262 648 262 197 000 197 030 007 030
014 062) 014
270 854 270
229 495 229 946882) 580046)
4
(565983) 6 5 33 27 26 29 38 162, is similarly not included in the 162, is similarly not included in the (4 (1 564863) (1 (4 (4
42 32 187, has 187, not been considered a cost in the ac
Assetsliabilities < 31 December 2009 31 266
The regular presuppositions of the insurance The regular industry presuppositions are of used the retirement. and factors demographic as actuarial insurance assumptions for Note 11: Tax Note11: The tax in authorities have 2009 decided that PRIO is liable for corporate taxation, appealed has and disagrees effective PRIO year. income 2008 as of the pursuantthe articledecision, to in 2.32 the Taxation Act, providing tax exemption for nonprofitfounda tions. is It difficultto predict of ap theoutcome the peal. taxIncome paid for 2008, amounting to NOK 1 counts. Deferred tax for receivable 2009, estimated to NOK 438 accounts for 2009. The taxincome paid is included sheet.thebalancein item the”Otherinreceivables” - - - - - ayroll tax ayroll ension plan assets (at marketension plan value) tax payroll before ension liability, tax eriodized payroll otal net assets, 31 December otal net assets, Basic capital 1 January Other equity capital, Net surplus 31 December Other equity capital, T Earned pension liabilities P recognized Estimate deviations not P P tax payroll after Net pension liability, Discount interest Expected salaries regulation regulation/pension Expected G regulation Expected return on funds Salaries P contribution pension scheme Employer Total Note12:Net Assets Notes to the Accounts at 31 December 2009 2009 December 31 at Accounts the to Notes sion sion scheme at the Norwegian Public Service Pen sion Fund. For each year employed in the Institute Director position, the Institute Director accrues 1.5 In the of completion upon payable salary, of months stituteDirectorterm. Note 10: Remuneration of the Leadership Note10: Remuneration the Leadershipof In 2009, PRIO’s costs for remuneration of the In stitute Director and members of the were PRIO NOK 856,329 and Board NOK 212,892, respectively. These figuresdo not includepayroll tax. TheInsti tute Director is a member of collective PRIO’s pen EconomicAssumptions - . PRIO PRIO during the year (the corresponding figure for 2008 Thewas 15). average number of conscientious objectors was 1 (the corresponding figurefor 2008 1.4). was Note9: Auditors’ Fee Deloitte to 256,110 NOK of fee a paid PRIO 2009, In State Authorized Public Accountants Ltd for projects on theirattestations Special accounts. the of audit amounted to NOK 137 817. These figuresVAT. include Note 7: Specification of Salaries and Social Costs Total salaries and social costs consist of the follow ingitems: Note 8: Number of Employees During FinancialYear the The average number of employees at PRIO during 2009 was 94 (the corresponding figure for was 2008 86). Additionally, the institute had 11 graduate students with scholarships and/or office space at - - - - - 0 2008 2008 2008 76 332 76 931 211 931 416 913 416 116 289 116 567 351 567 140 053 140 023 764 023
707 404 707
3 1 4 4 4 2 751 821 6 648 723 1 013 408 3 832 865 1 199 392 2 629 874 (1 400 (1 692) 14 984 364 0 2009 2009 2009 90 891 301 390 611 081 342 566 4 047 872 1 830 187 2 402 647 7 662 131 4 333 909 4 635 299 5 246 380 5 032 257 1 234 680 1 737 760 14 625 046 (1 635 041) Earned non-invoiced revenues are included in the sum for debtors in the balance. Account payments and project advances from funders are presented as sheet.thebalancecurrent liabilitieson assumptions assumptions are amortized over expected remain ing years of service if exceeding 10% of the greater funds. Changes pension liabilities and in pension of the pension plan are dispersed over the remaining service. of years The figurespayroll include tax. The value. real at assessed are means pension Note 2: Separate Bank Account for holdingTaxes With The balance in the separate bank account for with holding taxes at 2,479,098. 31 The corresponding figure December at 31 Decem 2009 2,454,070. NOK was 2008 ber was NOK for for all employees who qualify according to current regulations. At 1 January 2010, 82 employees were included in the fund, and the number of pension ers was 1. Calculation of pension contributions and pension liabilities are based on actuarial principles. payment funds; on based not is scheme pension The of pensions is guaranteed by the Norwegian (Retirement state Act Pension The§1). Norwegian Public pension theplacing simulates Fund ServicePension (fictitious bonds funds). government in assets ------eriodized payroll tax eriodized payroll tax) ension expense (after payroll expenses needed for the completion of the project. progress and reflect earned income. Project expenses Project income. earned reflect and progress are accounted for according to the accrual principle outstand any and balance project The accounting. of futurecover sufficient as to regarded are ing income P Present value of earned pensions this year Interest expense on pension liabilities Return tax) payroll on pension expense (before Administration cost tax) payroll Net pension expense (before of estimate deviation Effect tax) payroll Net pension expense (before P Accumulated previous depreciations Accumulated depreciation This year’s Net book value at 31 December Projects at 31 December Projects on ongoing revenues Earned non-invoiced production Pre-invoiced Cost price 1 January New investments Decline/sales during the year PrinciplestheEntering for Royalty of Income Revenue on royalty is recognized in received. is money the year the Pensions estimat is liabilities pension recording for Thebasis ed salary level retirement upon and years of service. Deviations estimatesfrom and effects changesof in Notes to the Accounts at 31 December 2009 December 31 at Accounts the to Notes provided is Depreciation temporary. as perceived not on a straight-line basis at rates calculated to amor tize each asset over its expected economic lifetime. Current assets are valued at the lower of cost or net Assets value. liabilitiesand currealizable in foreign exchange rates. year-end at valued are rency lic Service Pension Fund Act. The plan also compris also plan The Act. Fund Pension Service lic es contractual from years. pensions 62 The pension the withNational from coordinated plan is pensions mandatory is Membership Scheme. Insurance Note 6: Pension Expenses, Pension Assets and and Assets Pension Expenses, Pension 6: Note PensionLiabilities PRIO’s employees are members of the Norwegiancom plan pension The Fund. Pension Service Public prises retirement pensions, disability pensions and contingent life pensions (contingent life pensions include joint life pensions and pensions). children’s Pub Norwegian the by regulated is plan pension The ------price indices. price can claim an annual regulation of the rent equal to consumer Norway’s Statisticschange in the of 100% the right to extend the agreement for another five years, at market-regulated rent. Each of the parties 1 1 August to 2010 31 July 2015. Thereafter, has PRIO floor, isNOK 2.6 million. The agreement wasdur periodthe for terms same the on extended2009 ing mannsgate 7 for mannsgate the7 for period 1 August 2005 to 31 July 2010. The annual rent, with addenda for the 3rd PRIO PRIO has entered into an agreement with the Nor wegian Red Cross for rent of officespace inHaus Note5: Leasing years, dependent on the estimated lifetime of the the lifetimeestimatedof the on dependent years, invest-ments. Depreciation Depreciation of machines and furniture is calculat ed using the linear method over fiveyears or three Note4: Machines and Furniture Accounting Accounting Standard 2, Construction Project Contracts). revenues are accounted for according to the percentage-of-completion method (Norwegian Note3: Project Accounts The method of accounting used for the projects is cumulated depreciation or at estimated fair value if is value thedecline book and thanin value book less Fixed Fixed assets are stated at historical cost net of ac liabilities. are are classified as current assets. Items within falling one year are classified due as current assets and Long-lived Long-lived assets aimed at permanent utilization or classified assets.are assets as fixed ownership Other Valuation and Classification and Valuation of AssetsLiabilities and ingpractice. The annual accounts are account produced sound and 1998 of Act in Accounting withthe accordance NoteAccounting1: Principles
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 44 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 47 be determinedbe the IC.by A quorum of the Institute Council by shallthe presence of at be least 3/5 of its constituted members with voting rights. Unless otherwise determined, matters decided are by simple majority to vote. The be Chair has a casting tie. a inthe caseof vote by requested when convened beCouncil shallInstituteThe theInstitute Directormembers.three its or of The Institute Director takes part in the meetingsIC, without of the the right to vote. At meeting the the IC beginning is to decide of who shall each chair that session. The Administrative Director normally acts as secretary to themeetings.shall IC.its The of IC minuteskeep 9: § Institute and Council: Board Functions the for body consultative a is Council Institute The the Director. All matters which, are according § to 5 above, to be dealt with by the Board (including plan, work budget theAdministrative of appointment accounts, Director, and researchers in permanent positions and other researchers theywhen are engaged perioda year) are to one for over of Unless recommendation. its for IC firstthe to presented be special circumstances are an impediment, theDirector and Institute the staff representatives to to intend theywhich matters other all theIC the to present Board also shall the Board. before put Personnel matters are not to be dealt with by the Institute Council.InstituteTheCouncil determinesitself a whether matterfalls within mandate. its staff PRIO the of members twoelects CouncilInstitute The to the Board. The IC can require these to take up specific thematters Board. before Freedom speech10 of § All staff members internallyexternally.and have full freedom of expression, Statutes 11: § These Statutes are English. available In the case of in any discrepancies, the Norwegian both textshall apply. Norwegian and majority of therequiresStatutes2/3 both a of Amendment theInstitute themajority Board. Council,of 5/7 a and 12: Dissolution§ Dissolution of the Institute requires a 2/3 majority of the Institutethemajority Board. Council,of 5/7 a and Should this take place, any funds shall go to the Institute for Social Research or be designatedthe latterby used Institute. for a research purpose Adopted2010 March 17 byBoard The conscientious objectors and the students representative elect each one with voting rights deputies. – These with are personal to elections. be Further rules chosen concerning these at elections shall separate, annual at at a time, following nomination by the Director and recommendation of the the IC. The Deputy Director may be re-appointed. 7: Institute§ Director: Functions The Institute Director is in charge of leading the activity the Institute. of The Institute Director has overarching responsibility for the planning, running, co-ordinating and financing of the scholarly activities of the Institute, within the framework set by the planwork and the budget adopted by the Board. The Institute Director is to withprovided theirpossibilities develop competence. to see to it that the The staff are Institute information Director about the Institute has externally. He/She shall also determine main what is to be published in the name of the responsibility Institute. for The Deputy Director shall execute the daily functions of the Institute Director when the latter is performing prevented them. from 8: § TheInstitute Council The Institute Council (IC) is composed of all employees in permanent positions, as well as all employees in non- permanent positions employed Allthesemonths. than 6 for more standardfor hoursworking 50 % or voting have rights inthe IC. more of Statutes of at least five members; includingthe Chairperson. The in Chair vote double has a or by thetie. a thecaseof presence of four, Chairthe by demanded when convened shallbe Board The members. its two by of or meetings. its are shallTheof Minutes minutesBoard keep the Institute of the members to availablebestaff. to Board: 5 § Functions The Board shall discuss and approve the work plan of the Institute, approve the budget and accounts, and evaluate the activities of the Institute in relation to the Institute’s aimpurposeplan.and work its and The Board shall appoint the Institute the Director (cf Administrative § 6), Director, theseare when researcherspermanentother and positions researchers employed termination of Notice year. one in over of period a for engaged for these same personnel the Board.by approved categories is likewise to be § 6: Appointment of Institute Director and Deputy Director The Institute Council and the Board jointly appointment prepare the of a new Institute Council Director. is to deliver an annotated The recommendation to the Institute Board. deliveringBefore its recommendation, the Council experts.obtain to outside is statementsfrom The Institute Director shall be to appointed serve for by a period the of four Board years, with the possibility anof extension of up to four years. If the Institute Council, within two weeks of the disagrees majority, appointment, and Board’s by withleast at a 3/4 announcement of the the decision of the Board, the Board must take the matter deliberation new decision.and for up The Board shall appoint the Deputy Director twofor years Two members by the NorwegianCouncilthe Research (NFR) by members Two stimulate researchnationally cooperation and undertake training teachingand seminarsand conferences hold disseminate own information researchits as basedon the Board the Institute Director the Institute Council. The Board shall consist of seven members with personal deputies. Board members are appointed for a three-year period, in such a way that 4 and 3 members, respectively, time. a at appointed be to are the followingby appointed are bodies: Members the InstituteSocialby member One for Research- - Oslo the Universityof by member One - countries, the other from Nordic member One - International the Nordic by Studies appointed Association the Instituteby members Council These (IC). two Two - staff.shall members the among PRIO chosen befrom The Institute Director, Administrativeeligible.Director thenot are Deputy Director The Institute Director, Deputy and Director and the Adminis- the trative Director take part in the meetingswithoutvoting rights. of the Board, Consideration shall be both sexes.of representation given to achieving The reasonable Board elects Chairperson. its own If any Board Chairpersonmember findsit necessary to leave the Board and Deputy during period appointment,his/her of a new appointment the period.the of duration for made be should presence the by constituted beshall Board the of quorum A § 1:Aim § and Purpose The Peace Research Institute Oslo referred (PRIO), to herein as also “the Institute”, national is research an institute. independent Its purpose inter- research is concerning the to conditions for engage peaceful relations in betweenindividuals.and groups nations, this to addition In main purpose, the Institute shall: - internationally - - - otherwell thatinstitutions. as of TheInstitute chooseresearch projects.its freeto is Theresearch shallits results the of public.to availablebe The name of the Institute for fredsforskning” is, and, in in English, Norwegian,“the Peace Research “Institutt Institutewith Oslo”, “PRIO” as the officialabbreviation in bothlanguages. 2: § TheFoundation The ResearchPeace Institute Oslo is an non- autonomous profitfoundation, independentof ideological, politicalor nationalinterests. The “basis capital” (grunnkapital) of the Institute (as of 31 million. 6.197 standsNOK at December1996) 3: § Governing Bodies TheInstitute hasthe following governing bodies: - - - 4: § TheBoard
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 46 PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 51 Administration Sigurd Ziegler SveinNormann DirectorsOffice Damian Laws HalvorOlav Berggrav IngeborgK. Haavardsson ParkerLynn Nygaard Conscientious Objectors Andreas Kittelsen AlfButenschøn Skre PRIOCyprus Centre Arne Strand AylaGürel GregReichberg GuidoBonino MeteHatay NicosTrimikliniotis OlgaDemetriou AlfButenschøn Skre Andreas Kittelsen AndrewJohn Feltham DamianLaws LarsEven Andersen LeneKristin Borg LornaQuilario Sandberg JørgenJensehaugen MaritMoe-Pryce Information AgneteSchjønsby AlfButenschøn Skre Andreas Kittelsen DamianLaws Jonas Rusten Wang JulienBessière Knut S. Åbjørsbråten VisitingScholars HanneEggen Røislien Gabriel Alejandro Uriarte Hanne Brynildsen Ivan Koniar Jannie Lilja KatharinaLast MareahPeoples MenachemKlein V. RamanaP. Priyankar Upadhyaya Stephan Hamberg Steen-Johnsen Tale Tomasz Zuradzki ValerieWaldow Library OdvarLeine OlgaBaeva EditorialStaff GlennMartin IngvildMagnæs Gjelsvik Lotte Vermeij Maria Bergram Aas Marielle Stigum Stian Johansen Tiller Graff Torbjørn Hugo ResearchAssistants Andreas Forø Tollefsen Christa Waters ErlendPaasche HåvardM. Nygård IngerHelene Sira JohanDittrich Hallberg JonasGräns KristianHoelscher LarsSeland Gomsrud MarkNaftalin Mohamed Husein Gaas Monica Hanssen Stian Johansen Tiller Chun SukYun MasterStudents AndreasForøTollefsen Ellen Rykkja Gilbert Erlend Paasche Florian Krampe Harald Viken SabineCarey SabrinaRamet ScottGates SiriCamilla Aas Rustad SonjaKittelsen SteinTønnesson Stephan Davidshofer Arve Benjaminsen Tor Lise Tryggestad Torunn Iren Wenche Hauge ØysteinRolandsen ÅshildFalch ÅshildKolås NicholasMarsh NilsPetter Gleditsch NinaKristin Jessica Boy NobuoHayashi OlaListhaug OlaTunander OleMagnus Theisen PaiviPaulina Lujala PavelBaev PeterGufu Oba PinarTank RagnhildNordås Rita Abrahamsen SlettebakRune MortenBergsmo (Stafflistedareleft who 2009 italics)in in Staff List 2009 List Staff Michael Williams KristinBergtora Sandvik KristofferLidén MariaHernandez Carretero MaritBrochmann MartaBivand Erdal MartinAustvoll Nome KarlOveMoene KathleenGallagher Cunningham KendraDupuy KjellKjellman KristianSkrede Gleditsch KristinBakke JeffreyCheckel Taylor Linstroth JohnII P. JonElster JørgenCarling KaareStrøm KajaBorchgrevink KarinFathimath Afeef HåvardHegre HåvardStrand IndradeSoysa IngerSkjelsbæk JamesPeter Burgess JanKetil Rød JasonMiklian HenrikSyse HenrikUrdal HildeHenriksen Waage HildeWallacher HelgaMalmin Binningsbø HelgeHoltermann HelgaHernes HanneFjelde HegeN. Barker HalvardBuhaug Halvor Mehlum GregReichberg GudrunØstby GinaLende ElidaKristine Jacobsen Frida Austvoll Nome DavidCunningham DavidIsenberg ChristinMarsh Ormhaug CindyHorst Carl-HenrikKnutsen AreHovdenak BjørnHøyland Researchers AnitaSchjølset (until 30 June) Kristian Berg Harpviken IngerSkjelsbæk (fromJuly) 1 DeputyDirector Stein Tønnesson (until 30 June) KristianBerg Harpviken (fromJuly) 1 Director
PRIO ANNUAL Report 2009 48 Over, the past 50 years PRIO has established itself as the pre-eminent peace and conflict research institute in Europe – many would say the world. Its major, but by no means only, contribution has been to drive forward the frontiers of knowledge in quantitative conflict. Its research and publication record in this area has been extraordinarily impressive, its flagship journal is world class and its impact on the , field huge.
Andrew Mack, Simon Fraser University, Canada. Editor of the Human Security Report.