Journal Selection: Changing Options and Risks for Authors Seeking to Publish

Journal selection: Changing options and risks for authors seeking to publish

Publishing research results: take advice with the editors workshop European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases April 15, 2019 13:30-15:30, Hall C

[email protected] eLibrary © by author About me and Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID)

No article processing charge (APC)

DISCLOSURES: I managed >4200 submissions, accepted ~1000. Salaried by CDC (US tax payers). My opinionsESCMID are solely my own, and do not reflect opinions eLibrary of the CDC or Emerging Infectious Diseases.2 © by author Academia’s obsession with “where you published” enabled commercialization of scientific publishing

Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA, 2012) Do not use journal-level metrics … as a substitute for assessing the quality of an individual research article or candidate.

ESCMID eLibrary 3 © by author Bold initiatives to move beyond “where you published”

ESCMID eLibrary 4 © by author • Open Access (OA) publishing spectrum: Gold; Hybrid; Green. • All forms OA – generally more downloads & citations.* • <50% biomedical literature OA. • Concerns: APCs up to $5200; mega OA journals; deceptive publishers.

5 ESCMID eLibraryAPC = article processing charge, aka author publication fee © by author Subscription journal model

• “Free” to authors because authors give away rights; peer reviewers and editors volunteer; publishers profit by restricting access.*

• >$25B STM¹ information publishing market, from institutional subscriptions, profit margins exceed Google & Apple.*

• To access the most prestigious journals for authors, libraries pressured into bundled subscription contracts with many less prestigious journals.*

¹ Science,ESCMID Technology, and Medicine Report (2018) eLibrary 6 © by author Boycotts and innovative agreements with publishers

2018

2019 2019

2019

7 2019 https://sparcopen.org/ourESCMID-work/big-deal-cancellation-tracking/ eLibrary © by author Plan S – Bold initiative to speed transition to OA

• "cOAlition S“ - 15 public, 4 private funders ?China • Goal: immediate OA. ?cap on APCs • Completed public feedback & updated implementation guidance this Spring. • Contentious!* • NEJM’s defense of subscription model* • “subscription costs rising, but may be only model that can finance highly selective journals with comprehensive editorial processes and quality control.” • Rebuttal in Forbes by Prof Salzburg, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at JHU* • “If costs are going up, that could be simply because publishers are paying themselves higher salaries (NEJM reported compensation of $703,324 for its chief editor in 2017), or hiring large staffs, or renting luxurious offices–who knows? ” ESCMID eLibrary 8 © by author When you choosing target journals, ask:

• Do you want open access?

• Is journal indexed in databases you trust?

• Do you want journals that allow preprints?*

ESCMID eLibrary 9 © by author National Library of Medicine (NLM): 3 brands

• Medline - database of journals with stringent criteria.

• PubMed Central (PMC) repository of full-text OA journals, or, author manuscripts.

• PubMed = search engine of both. • “Indexed in PubMed” is misleading.

ESCMID eLibrary 10 © by author >2200 NIH/CDC/cOAlition S-funded manuscripts published in OMICS International journals

FUNDER GROUP NIH >2000 cOAlition S

CDC April 2019 11 ESCMID eLibrary*Data provided by Dimensions from Digital Science © by author CDC-funded study in J AIDS and Clinical Research (OMICS) in PubMed

Click >120 other studies here in PMC from this journal

Cited by 3 reputable ESCMID eLibrary 12 © by author Indexing status in Medline (NLM Catalog)

“Not currently indexed for Medline. Citations are for articles where manuscript deposited in PMC in India, actually compliance with public access policies.” ESCMID eLibrary © by author When dealing with an unfamiliar OA journal

. Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) indexes OA journals with ethical peer review and publishing practices, transparent fees.

. If invited to peer review for an unfamiliar journal, first check DOAJ.org

Type journal name here https://thinkchecksubmit.org/ESCMID eLibrary © by author Preprints are completed manuscripts pre peer review

• bioRxiv server (2013) free, screened, posted with direct object identifier (doi).

• 2017: “NIH encourages use - to speed dissemination, establish priority, obtain feedback, and offset publication bias.”*

• In 2018, increased postings.

• Journal-specific policies (Sherpa/Romeo)

ESCMID eLibrary 15 © by author Journals accepting submissions from

Gold Open Access Subscription (Hybrid) • PLOS Pathogens • PNAS (US NAS) • eLife (eLife Sciences) • Science (AAAS) • mBio (ASM) • Microbiology (MS) • PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases • Journal of General Virology (MS) • PLOS One • Journal of Virology (ASM) • F1000Research • Infection and Immunity (ASM) • PeerJ • Journal of Bacteriology (ASM) • BMJ Open Science • Journal of Clinical Microbiology (ASM) • mSphere (ASM) • Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ASM) • BMC Biology (Springer-Nature) • Frontiers in Microbiology

https://www.biorxiv.org/about-biorxiv (sample) ESCMID eLibrary 16 © by author Summary • Global move towards open science and OA has been slow, despite clear benefits for public health. • Reasons for delay complex; not helped by academic incentive system. • Plan S and Germany’s Projekt DEAL and UC want publically funded research published openly, with reasonable APCs. • When dealing with an unfamiliar open access journal, check indexing status and author fees up front. • Preprint servers may be worth considering, but check journal policies.

ESCMID eLibrary 17 © by author Questions? For more information, or question this talk, please contact:

Sharon Bloom MD - [email protected] Emerging Infectious Diseases CDC

Special thanks to: Martha Knuth (CDC), Stephen Curry (Imperial), Pippa Smart (EASE), Bernard Rentier (Liege), Ben Cowling (Hong Kong), Steven L. Salzberg (JHU), Ines Steffens (ECDC), Simon Batterbury (UK) ESCMID eLibrary © by author Extra Slides

ESCMID eLibrary 19 © by author References by slide • Slide 3: (DORA) https://sfdora.org/resources/ • Hicks, et al. Nature (2015) The Leiden Manifesto for research metrics. • Lariviere,Curry ,(2016) https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/09/11/062109.full.pdf, • Wrong Number: A closer look at Impact Factors https://quantixed.org/2015/05/05/wrong-number-a-closer- look-at-impact-factors • Slide 4: https://sfdora.org/2018/07/06/simple-questions-big-insights-charite-uses-bio-sketch-questions-to- recruit-faculty https://wellcome.ac.uk/news/how-we-judge-research-outputs-when-making-funding-decisions • https://wellcome.ac.uk/funding/guidance/open-access-policy • Slide 5: Open Science by Design, (2018) https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25116/open-science-by-design-realizing- a-vision-for-21st-century **SPARC Europe 2016; McKiernan, eLife 2016. • Slide 6, • *Buranyi, Guardian (2017) Is the staggeringly profitable business of scientific publishing bad for science? • *Fyfe, A., Coate, K., Curry, S., Lawson, S., Moxham, N., & Røstvik, C.M. (2017). Untangling academic publishing: A history of the relationship between commercial interests, academic prestige and the circulation of research. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.546100 • **STM Report (2018) https://www.stm-assoc.org/2018_10_04_STM_Report_2018.pdf ESCMID eLibrary 20 © by author • Slide 7 References by Slide, cont’d. • https://sparcopen.org/our-work/big-deal-cancellation-tracking • https://www.library.ucla.edu/sites/default/files/media/Important_Notice_Regarding_Elsevier_Journals_20181211.pdf • https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/uc-terminates-subscriptions-worlds-largest-scientific-publisher-push-open- access-publicly • https://newsroom.wiley.com/press-release/all-corporate-news/wiley-and-projekt-deal-partner-enhance-future-scholarly- research-an • http://www.stm-publishing.com/cambridge-university-press-reaches-major-open-access-agreement-in-germany/ • Slide 8 • https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/plan-s--the-ambitious-initiative-to-end-the-reign-of-paywalls-65231 • https://www.scienceeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Plan_S.pdf • List of participating funders: http://scieur.org/coalition-s-funders https://www.coalition-s.org/implementation/ • Haug. No Free Lunch - What Price Plan S for Scientific Publishing? N Engl J Med 2019; 380:1181-1185 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMms1900864 • Highly Profitable Medical Journal Says Open Access Publishing Has Failed. Right (rebuttal to NEJM) https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevensalzberg/2019/04/01/nejm-says-open-access-publishing-has-failed-right/#12e888ad6a44

• Slide 10 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog • https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2013/02/14/extension-and-conflation-how-the-nlms-confusing-brands-have-us-all-mixed-up/ • Manca, A, Moher, How predatory journals leak into PubMed. CMAJ. 2018; 190: E1042-45 • Slide 11: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/04/us-judge-rules-deceptive-publisher-should-pay-501-million-damages • OMICS journalistic expose https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-08-29/medical-journals-have-a-fake-news-problem • Data provided by Dimensions from Digital Science ESCMID eLibrary 21 © by author References by Slide, cont’d. & helpful YouTube lectures

• Slide 14: Think Check Submit https://thinkchecksubmit.org/ • Directory of Open Access Journals, DOAJ.org

• Slide 15:*Abdill (2019) Tracking the popularity and outcomes of all bioRxiv preprints [Preprint] https://doi.org/10.1101/515643 • NIH on preprints https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-od-17-050.html • ASAPbio info on preprints: https://asapbio.org/preprint-info • Clinical preprint server MedRxiv https://yoda.yale.edu/medrxiv • Johansson MA (2018) Preprints: to accelerate outbreak science. PLoS Med:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002549 • https://www.research-consulting.com/rise-preprints-life-sciences • PrePrints policies : http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/search.php, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_academic_journals_by_preprint_policy

Helpful Lectures to give you some ideas and references to explore further. • David Moher - The Quest for Better Behaviour in Science https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Jkd5lmGDFg • Harlan Krumholz – Preprints and Other Threats to Traditional Publishing https://youtu.be/kHUroF67y1U • Europe PMC tutorial on searching preprint servers: https://youtu.be/N3NzxbXIMBQ

ESCMID eLibrary 22 © by author Predatory journals use ISSN, doi, NLM ID numbers on their home page to imply legitimacy, but these numbers say nothing about quality

Journal website Medline listing

ESCMIDNLM ID eLibrary © by author What can you do?

1. Sign DORA

2. Ask your institution/employer to review assessment practices

3. Use our collection of good practices to implement change

4. Tell us about how you improved assessment so we can share your ideas with others ESCMID eLibrary © by author 1.Hicks 2 . https , et al. The Leiden Manifesto Leiden et, al. The for researchmetrics. Nature, 2015

ESCMID://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/09/11/062109.full.pdf eLibrary © by author JIF 6.7 65% of fewer citations than the papers Outliers articles articles in ajournal – may represent controversial IF .* have Leiden Manifesto: use metrics ethically and effectively . Quantitative evaluation should support qualitative, expert assessment . Measure performance against research mission . Protect excellence in locally relevant research . Keep data collection and analytical processes open, transparent and simple . Allow those evaluated to verify data and analysis . Account for variation by field in publication and citation practices . Base assessment of individual on a qualitative judgement of their portfolio . Avoid misplaced concreteness and false precision . Recognize systemic effect of assessments and indicators . Scrutinize indicators regularly and update them

HicksESCMID D, Wouters P, Waltman L, de Rijcke S, Rafols I. Bibliometrics: The Leiden Manifesto for research eLibrarymetrics. Nature. 2015;520(7548):429-431. © by author Preprint pros and cons & misc

• Pros: • Helps young researchers have citable DOI in job and grant applications. • Opportunity to support responses to infectious disease outbreaks.* • Cons: • Risk of being scooped. • Risk some may bypass subject protections. • Some fear may do harm.

ICMJE recommends that authors notify editors of the existence of a preprint and ensure that the preprint links to the final published article.

Just remember, that if you are rejected from that 1st choice journal after you posted to a preprint server, your second and third choice journals also need to allow preprints. (check Sherpa/Romeo)

PREPRINTS ALLOWED!

Embargo policies & restrictions on sharing

http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/search.phpESCMID eLibrary © by author ESCMID eLibrary © by author Plan S open letters – con & pro

CON: Reaction of Researchers to Plan S: Too Far, Too Risky? “Plan S would seriously damage the state of science in Europe…as well as violate academic freedom.”

PRO: Open Letter in Support of Funder Open Publishing Mandates “… pay-for-access business model … is inequitable, impedes progress in our fields, and denies the public the full benefit of our work.”

3 CON: httpsESCMID://sites.google.com/view/plansopenletter/home?authuser=0 1767 signatories (2/4/19); eLibrary PRO: http://michaeleisen.org/petition/index.php 1919 signatories (2/4/19)1 © by author cOAlition S - research agencies

• Austrian Science Fund • French National Research Agency • Science Foundation Ireland • National Research Fund (Luxembourg) • Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics • Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research • Research Council of Norway • National Science Centre (Poland) • Slovenian Research Agency • Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning • UK Research and Innovation • Jordan[11]: Higher Council for Science and Technology[12 • Zambia • Academy of Finland;[ • Luxembourger National Research Fund; • Foundations: Wellcome Trust, Gates Foundation ESCMID eLibraryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_S 32 © by author Author Publication Charges (APC) monitors by OPEN APC, which is partnering with institutions and funders to share their APC data. 1,000 - 3,000 Euro range (Average value in OpenAPC: 1,961€)

Open Database/Repository Subscription Database • Medline (NLM) • Scopus (Elsevier) • PMC repository (NLM) • Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) • Directory of Open Access Journals • Embase (Elsevier) (DOAJ.org) • Global Health (EBSCO) • SciELO (Spanish & Portugese)

NB: PubMed and Google Scholar are more like search engines, than databases. To confirm a journal idea obtained from PubMed or Google Scholar, follow the steps outlinedESCMID at https://thinkchecksubmit.org/ eLibrary © by author Journals with manuscripts in PubMed Central: trends in author- submitted manuscripts from 2008–2009 to 2015–2016

49 OMICS 14 InsightMedPub 12 Scientific Research

Topper, 2018. Publishing trends of journals with manuscripts in PubMed Central: changes from 2008–2009 to 2015–2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6148616/ESCMID eLibrary © by author Scholarly Kitchen Blog: “Focusing on Value — 102 Things Journal Publishers Do” (why commercial publishers need to charge so much?) 89. Maintain facilities. Publishers have to live somewhere, and often the expectation is that they have inspiring and impressive offices. It’s part of the prestige factor so important to the mutual aspirations of authors and editors as well. These should be at least as nice as the universities where so many work, or so it seems.

Uniqueness: Low. Value: Moderate. Importance: Moderate to high. Primary beneficiary(ies): ✂️  . Secondary beneficiary(ies): ✍️  . https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2018/02/06/focusingESCMID -valueeLibrary-102-things-journal-publishers-2018-update/ 36 © by author