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Sindhi Community – Shiv Sena
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: IND30284 Country: India Date: 4 July 2006 Keywords: India – Maharashtra – Sindhi Community – Shiv Sena This response was prepared by the Country Research Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Questions 1. Is there any independent information about any current ill-treatment of Sindhi people in Maharashtra state? 2. Is there any information about the authorities’ position on any ill-treatment of Sindhi people? RESPONSE 1. Is there any independent information about any current ill-treatment of Sindhi people in Maharashtra state? Executive Summary Information available on Sindhi websites, in press reports and in academic studies suggests that, generally speaking, the Sindhi community in Maharashtra state are not ill-treated. Most writers who address the situation of Sindhis in Maharashtra generally concern themselves with the social and commercial success which the Sindhis have achieved in Mumbai (where the greater part of the Sindh’s Hindu populace relocated after the partition of India and Pakistan). One news article was located which reported that the Sindhi community had been targeted for extortion, along with other “mercantile communities”, by criminal networks affiliated with Maharashtra state’s Sihiv Sena organisation. -
Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India
Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India Gyanendra Pandey CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Remembering Partition Violence, Nationalism and History in India Through an investigation of the violence that marked the partition of British India in 1947, this book analyses questions of history and mem- ory, the nationalisation of populations and their pasts, and the ways in which violent events are remembered (or forgotten) in order to en- sure the unity of the collective subject – community or nation. Stressing the continuous entanglement of ‘event’ and ‘interpretation’, the author emphasises both the enormity of the violence of 1947 and its shifting meanings and contours. The book provides a sustained critique of the procedures of history-writing and nationalist myth-making on the ques- tion of violence, and examines how local forms of sociality are consti- tuted and reconstituted by the experience and representation of violent events. It concludes with a comment on the different kinds of political community that may still be imagined even in the wake of Partition and events like it. GYANENDRA PANDEY is Professor of Anthropology and History at Johns Hopkins University. He was a founder member of the Subaltern Studies group and is the author of many publications including The Con- struction of Communalism in Colonial North India (1990) and, as editor, Hindus and Others: the Question of Identity in India Today (1993). This page intentionally left blank Contemporary South Asia 7 Editorial board Jan Breman, G.P. Hawthorn, Ayesha Jalal, Patricia Jeffery, Atul Kohli Contemporary South Asia has been established to publish books on the politics, society and culture of South Asia since 1947. -
UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Previously Published Works
UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Previously Published Works Title Punjab’s Agricultural Innovation Challenge Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3953512k Author Singh, Nirvikar Publication Date 2019 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Punjab’s Agricultural Innovation Challenge Nirvikar Singh University of California, Santa Cruz January 2019 (Revised) Abstract Fifty years ago, Punjab embarked on its famous Green Revolution, leading the rest of India in that innovation, and becoming the country's breadbasket. Now its economy and society are struggling by relative, and sometimes even absolute, measures. Using the original Green Revolution as a benchmark, this paper discusses five areas of challenge and promise for a new round of agricultural innovation in Punjab. These are: complexity of the agricultural economy, complementary inputs such as infrastructure, switching costs (including risks), balancing frontier innovation and adaptation, and the relative roles of the public and private sectors. Keywords: Punjab, agriculture, innovation, switching costs, infrastructure JEL Codes: O30, Q10, P16, P26 Punjab’s Agricultural Innovation Challenge Nirvikar Singh University of California, Santa Cruz January 2019 (Revised) Introduction In the 1960s, the state of Punjab led in the adoption of new high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice. Production of these new varieties required innovations in the use of fertilizer and water, which occurred in a complementary manner to the innovation in seed choices. Mechanization of several aspects of farming also became a supporting innovation. Agricultural extension services based in Punjab’s public universities guided farmers in their transition to the new modes of production. Furthermore, an infrastructure of local roads and market towns had been developed by the state government: these, along with central government procurement guarantees, gave farmers access and security in earning income from their produce. -
Limited Conflicts Under the Nuclear Umbrella: Indian and Pakistani
Limited Conflicts Under the Nuclear Umbrella R Indian and Pakistani Lessons from the Kargil Crisis Ashley J. Tellis C. Christine Fair Jamison Jo Medby National Security Research Division This research was conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center (ISDPC) of RAND’s National Security Research Division (NSRD). NSRD conducts research and analysis for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Commands, the defense agencies, the Department of the Navy, the U.S. intelligence community, allied foreign governments, and foundations. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tellis, Ashley J. Limited conflicts under the nuclear umbrella : Indian and Pakistani lessons from the Kargil crisis / Ashley J. Tellis, C. Christine Fair, Jamison Jo Medby. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. “MR-1450.” ISBN 0-8330-3101-5 1. Kargil (India)—History, Military—20th century. 2. Jammu and Kashmir (India)—Politics and government—20th century. 3. India—Military relations— Pakistan. 4. Pakistan—Military relations—India. I. Fair, C. Christine. II. Medby, Jamison Jo. III. Title. DS486.K3347 T45 2001 327.5491054—dc21 2001048907 RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND® is a registered trademark. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. © Copyright 2001 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including -
Hinduism in Time and Space
Introduction: Hinduism in Time and Space Preview as a phenomenon of human culture, hinduism occupies a particular place in time and space. To begin our study of this phenomenon, it is essential to situate it temporally and spatially. We begin by considering how the concept of hinduism arose in the modern era as a way to designate a purportedly coherent system of beliefs and practices. since this initial construction has proven inadequate to the realities of the hindu religious terrain, we adopt “the hindu traditions” as a more satisfactory alternative to "hinduism." The phrase “hindu traditions” calls attention to the great diversity of practices and beliefs that can be described as “hindu.” Those traditions are deeply rooted in history and have flourished almost exclusively on the indian subcontinent within a rich cultural and religious matrix. As strange as it may seem, most Hindus do The Temporal Context not think of themselves as practicing a reli- gion called Hinduism. Only within the last Through most of the millennia of its history, two centuries has it even been possible for the religion we know today as Hinduism has them to think in this way. And although that not been called by that name. The word Hin- possibility now exists, many Hindus—if they duism (or Hindooism, as it was first spelled) even think of themselves as Hindus—do not did not exist until the late eighteenth or early regard “Hinduism” as their “religion.” This irony nineteenth century, when it began to appear relates directly to the history of the concept of sporadically in the discourse of the British Hinduism. -
3Rupture in South Asia
3Rupture in South Asia While the 1950s had seen UNHCR preoccupied with events in Europe and the 1960s with events in Africa following decolonization, the 1970s saw a further expansion of UNHCR’s activities as refugee problems arose in the newly independent states. Although UNHCR had briefly been engaged in assisting Chinese refugees in Hong Kong in the 1950s, it was not until the 1970s that UNHCR became involved in a large-scale relief operation in Asia. In the quarter of a century after the end of the Second World War, virtually all the previously colonized countries of Asia obtained independence. In some states this occurred peacefully,but for others—including Indonesia and to a lesser extent Malaysia and the Philippines—the struggle for independence involved violence. The most dramatic upheaval, however, was on the Indian sub-continent where communal violence resulted in partition and the creation of two separate states—India and Pakistan—in 1947. An estimated 14 million people were displaced at the time, as Muslims in India fled to Pakistan and Hindus in Pakistan fled to India. Similar movements took place on a smaller scale in succeeding years. Inevitably, such a momentous process produced strains and stresses in the newly decolonized states. Many newly independent countries found it difficult to maintain democratic political systems, given the economic problems which they faced, political challenges from the left and the right, and the overarching pressures of the Cold War. In several countries in Asia, the army seized political power in a wave of coups which began a decade or so after independence. -
Connecting the Drops: an Indus Basin Roadmap for Cross-Border Water
CONNECTING THE DR PS An Indus Basin Roadmap for Cross-Border Water Research, Data Sharing, and Policy Coordination 1111 19th Street NW, 12th Floor Washington, DC 20036 p 202.223.5956 | f 202.238.9604 www.stimson.org Photo Credits: On the road to Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India (CGIAR Climate via Flickr). Indus River delta, Pakistan, as seen from space (NASA via Flickr). CONNECTING THE DROPS An Indus Basin Roadmap for Cross-Border Water Research, Data Sharing, and Policy Coordination Indus Basin Working Group Copyright © 2013 Observer Research Foundation, Stimson, and Sustainable Development Policy Institute All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent. ISBN: 978-1-939240-02-6 Preface Decision makers in India and Pakistan will have to overcome a host of overlapping socio-economic, environmental, and political pressures as they endeavor to ensure their countries’ future water needs and sustainably manage the resources of the Indus River Basin that both nations share. Continuing population growth will significantly reduce per capita water availability over the coming decades. Increasing industrialization and urbanization are driving important shifts in water use. Climate change will exert additional, chronic strains on water resources, potentially shifting the seasonal timing or shuffling the geographical distribution of available supplies. Increasingly subject to soaring demand, unsustainable consumption patterns, and mounting environmental stresses, the Indus is swiftly becoming a “closed” basin; almost all of the river’s available renewable water is already allocated for various uses — with little to no spare capacity. Scientists, policy makers, and the broader public in both Pakistan and India will need to better apprehend, assess, and act on the links between water resources management, global and regional environmental change, sustainable development, and social welfare in the Indus Basin in order to meet these emerging challenges. -
Vd Savarkar, Subhas Chandra Bose, Ms Golwalkar, and The
THE INVENTION OF HINDUSTAN: V.D. SAVARKAR, SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE, M.S. GOLWALKAR, AND THE MODERNIZATION OF HINDU NATIONALIST LANGAUGE ____________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Fullerton ____________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History ____________________________________ By Christopher Chacon Thesis Committee Approval: Professor Robert McLain, Chair Professor Jasamin Rostam-Kolayi, Department of History Professor James Santucci, Department of Comparative Religion Summer, 2016 ABSTRACT In this thesis I argue that Hindu nationalist terminology, particularly the concepts of Hindutva, Samyavada, and national identity, modernized amid currents of globalization and neocolonialism in the early twentieth-century. In the theoretical section, I examine how systems of knowledge and power in India were directly and indirectly affected by the globalization of western modernity. In the primary source analysis section, I discuss three prominent Hindu nationalists and their ideas in support of the argument made in the theoretical section. Veer Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (1883-1966), the philosopher of Hindutva, represented the ethno-nationalistic component to Hindu nationalism and looked to cultural motifs in order to unify the “true” people of India. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose (1897-1945), the militant hero who formed the Indian National Army and outright opposed the British, contributed the aggressive discourse of nationalist rhetoric. Sarsanghchalak Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar (1906-1973), the supreme leader of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), utilized Hindu nationalist rhetoric in order to mesmerize post-independence Indians and lay the foundation for the future of the RSS. Although these individuals represented a current within Indian nationalist history, their lives and literature influenced the language of Hindu nationalism. -
A Case Study of the Pakistan-India Water Conflict
Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs Volume 5 Issue 2 Contemporary Writings in a Global Society: Collected Works June 2017 Water as a Human Right: A Case Study of the Pakistan-India Water Conflict Waseem Ahmad Qureshi Follow this and additional works at: https://elibrary.law.psu.edu/jlia Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, International and Area Studies Commons, International Law Commons, International Trade Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Political Science Commons, Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, Rule of Law Commons, Social History Commons, and the Transnational Law Commons ISSN: 2168-7951 Recommended Citation Waseem Ahmad Qureshi, Water as a Human Right: A Case Study of the Pakistan-India Water Conflict, 5 PENN. ST. J.L. & INT'L AFF. 374 (2017). Available at: https://elibrary.law.psu.edu/jlia/vol5/iss2/6 The Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs is a joint publication of Penn State’s School of Law and School of International Affairs. Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs 2017 VOLUME 5 NO. 2 WATER AS A HUMAN RIGHT: A CASE STUDY OF THE PAKISTAN-INDIA WATER CONFLICT Waseem Ahmad Qureshi* The Indus Waters Treaty was signed between India and Pakistan in 1960, with the World Bank taking a mediatory role between the two countries. The treaty allocated the Ravi, Sutlej, and Bias Rivers to India, while Pakistan was assigned the water from the Chenab, Jhelum, and Indus Rivers. Nonetheless, Pakistan has alleged that India violated the Indus Waters Treaty by initiating the construction of Baglehar Dam in 1999. -
2 the Three Partitions of 1947
2 The three partitions of 1947 Elections, commissions, protest and strife The years 1945 to 1947 were marked by intense struggle in the sub continent. What the Second World War established, and the end of the war only underlined, was the changed military, political and economic position of Britain in the world and the radical transformation of the political temper in India. All this lent unprecedented urgency to the question of the transfer of power and the establishment of national gov- ernment(s) in the subcontinent. It was in this situation that the Indian National Congress leadership was released from jail, efforts at mobilisa tion of different sections of the society were actively renewed, large-scale urban demonstrations and rural uprisings occurred, new elections were held and sustained high-level constitutional negotiations took place after 1945. Much of the politics of the previous three or four decades had been about national liberation. It was a serious complication that the call for Indian self-government was now joined by the call for Muslim self- government in a new country to be named Pakistan. Talk of independence was rife. However, while the Congress and those in sympathy with it ex pected the independence of a united India, the Muslim League slogan became 'Pakistan for Independence'. There were two nations in India, it was argued, and the acceptance of the Pakistan demand was the only road to the genuine independence of all Indians, the Muslims in a free Pakistan and the Hindus in a free Hindustan. Yet the idea of Pakistan itself, the proposal for a partition of British India between its Muslim-majority and its Hindu-majority provinces, had not had a long history. -
Crisesinsouthasia: Trendsandpotentialconsequences
CrisesinSouthAsia: TrendsandPotentialConsequences MichaelKrepon NateCohn Editors September2011 Copyright © 2011 The Henry L. Stimson Center ISBN: 978-0-9845211-9-7 Cover and book design by Shawn Woodley All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent from the Stimson Center. Stimson Center 1111 19th Street, NW, 12th Floor Washington, DC 20036 Telephone: 202.223.5956 Fax: 202.238.9604 www.stimson.org TableofContents Preface.................................................................................................................................iii List.of.Abbreviations.......................................................................................................... v Crises.in.South.Asia:.Trends.and.Potential.Consequences........................................... 1 Michael Krepon Appendices Appendix.I:..The.Structure.of.South.Asian.Crises.from.Brasstacks.to.Mumbai......29 Samuel Black Appendix.II:..Spoilers, Mass-Casualty.Attacks,.and.the.Disruption.of.Hopeful. India-Pakistan.Diplomacy......................................................................................55 Nathan Cohn Appendix.III:..Mass-Casualty.Attacks.in.India............................................................63 Nathan Cohn and William Shimer Appendix.IV:..Mass-Casualty.Attacks.in.Pakistan.......................................................71 Nathan Cohn Appendix.V:..Chinese.Involvement.in.South.Asian.Crises.........................................93 -
Unilever South Asia Sanjiv Mehta Dec 4Th 2018 My Introduction - 26 Years with Unilever
Unilever South Asia Sanjiv Mehta Dec 4th 2018 My Introduction - 26 years with Unilever 5 2013 - to date 3 CMD, HUL 2007 - 2008 & EVP UL South Chairman 4 Asia UL Philippines 2008 - 2013 2 Chairman 2002 - 2006 1 UL North Africa Chairman 1992 - 2002 and Middle East UL Bangladesh Varied Functional Roles 17 years as CEO of Unilever Businesses 2 Home to 25% of world population South Asia Multiple commonalities India Pakistan Bangladesh Colonial history Cricket Sri Lanka Nepal 30+ Languages 8+ Religions Food and spices Big festivals 3 Huge headroom to grow Large millennial population Low FMCG consumption Fast growing region Real GDP growth % population Median South Asia $29 Countries below 24 Age# South Asia GDP years# growth relative Indonesia $58 2x to world 45% 28 China $120 52% 24 Improved Ease of doing business 46% 27 rankings** FMCG Consumption per capita* +23 +11 +1 +11 38% 33 # Source: CIA Factbook * Source: Nielsen ** 2019 movement vs 2018 4 AV : South Asian consumers 5 Unilever’s 130+ years of presence in South Asia Unilever Indian subsidiaries Sunlight soap Nepal set up Unilever Sri Lanka consolidated under introduced as HLL’s increases stake in operations Hindustan Lever to India subsidiary HUL to 67% begin Limited 1888 1931 1938 1948 1956 1971 1992 2007 2013 2018 Unilever sets HLL renamed as Unilever Unilever HUL market cap up subsidiary “Hindustan Pakistan Bangladesh crosses $50bn in India incorporated carved out Unilever Limited” 6 Largest FMCG company in each of the countries 80% Revenue from categories with Great fusion of global