THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OE KIEBT! MUXLOE CASTLE. 193
THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE, 1480-1484.
EDITED, WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES, BY A. HAMILTON THOMPSON, M.A., F.S.A.
INTRODUCTION. A brief description of the MS. volume of accounts, of which a summary edition follows here, has been given already in our Transactions by Mr. T. H. Fosbrooke, together with a photo graphic reproduction of two of its leaves.3 It will be remembered that it is the record of the weekly expenses disbursed in connexion with the rebuilding or, as the steward who cast up the accounts more accurately calls it, the repair of the castle of Kirby Muxloe. Since the discovery of the MS., it has been examined by Mr. C. R. Peers, Professor Lethaby and other architectural scholars ; but it has remained untranscribed and unedited. Early in 1917 the present writer was enabled, through the good offices of his friend Mr. Fosbrooke, to undertake the task ; and the results are now presented to members of our Society. The work begun in October, 1480, by order of William, lord Hastings, was the transformation of the manor-house or small castle which already existed at Kirby into a fortified dwelling of considerable size and importance. We know nothing ot the earlier building apart from the few indications contained in the accounts, which show that it stood on part of the present site and that its hall was retained when the new inner court was made. Lord Hastings' work included the formation of this inner court, the castle proper, which he surrounded with a moat and a brick wall. The enclosure was entered from the outer court by a great gatehouse in the middle of the north side; and the wall had a tower at each angle and a tower in the middle of its east, south and west sides respectively. Thus there came into being one of the latest of English fortified dwellings which deserves the name of a castle.b The plan of lord Hastings' building is a late survival
1 See Transactions XI., 87, 88. The leaves illustrated are ff. 79 d, 80 of the MS., containing the final accounts for the working year 1481-2 and the opening account of the year beginning 4 November, 1482. * The word ' castle' does not occur in the accounts. The building and the site are referred to as manerium and placea, the ' manor ' and the ' place.' 194 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. of the type of castle-plan of which the castle of Bodiam in Sussex, a hundred years earlier, is the most perfect example in England. From the defensive point of view, almost its only fifteenth-century rival is Tattershall castle in Lincolnshire, rebuilt about 1430, which also combines the characteristics of stronghold and dwelling- house ; while it shares with Tiittershall and the castle of Hurst- monceaux in Sussex, begun about 1446, the pre-eminence, among secular buildings of the fifteenth century, in beauty and perfection of brick architecture. Upon the first leaf of the account-book is a memorandum by Roger Bowlott, Hastings' steward, who acted throughout as clerk of the works, of the sums received by him at various periods in the course of the work. The regular weekly accounts begin upon the second leaf with the last full week of October 1480. Wood, straw and sand were brought to the brickhouse near the site of the new building, and a workman was employed to clear a way for the carriage of rubble into the Warren moat. Four labourers were set to work upon the new moat and its outlet into the neighbouring brook, and two more were placed under the superintendence of Thomas the gardener to clear the site of the garden of the oaks, ashes and elms which grew there. These labourers were handy men, paid by the day and half-day, and at first they were employed indiscriminately in the moat and garden, John Powell receiving fourpence and each of the others threepence daily—sums which we must multiply considerably to obtain their equivalents in money of to-day. They soon fall, however, into two divisions, Powell having charge of an increasing number of ditchers who worked at the moat, while there were normally two garden-men, John Peyntour and Morris Pryce. Peyntour's occupation, as winter drew on, was to ' gather' crab-trees ' for grafts to be done therefrom,' while Pryce, and on one occasion another helper from the moat, were ' grubbing in the garden.' For the most part, the labourers seem to have been Welshmen who were probably hired upon Powell's recommendation. Local men were hired occasionally: one Stephen Jeffson appears at intervals through the whole accounts in con nexion with various forms of labour, while such names as William Leyceter and Thomas Pakyngton occur for short periods. But, of the eleven ditchers who were regularly in the moat by the end of April 1481, only three, William Nevell, Henry Hylton and John Byngharn, bear names which are not characteristically Welsh : the others, John Powell, Davy Jonson, Ellis Gough, John Davy, William or John ap Gryffyth, Hugh Powell, John Hugh or Hewes, and Lewis William, were evidently Welsh importations, as was Pryce or Apreece, the garden-man. Their individual work averaged about four days a week. Christmas week was a holiday for all, but six men did their full day's work on the Saturday. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 195
Until Christmas the weekly accounts are insignificant, and the highest total reached is 11s. Id. At Christmas, however, there occur several separate accounts for the work done during the quarter. These include the carriage of 197 loads of rough stone by various local persons from the quarries at Steward hey and the Waste at sixpence a load, Roger Bowlott, the surveyor and clerk of the works, receiving his share. From a second account it appears that the old manor-house upon the site was kept as the nucleus, at any rate, of the dwelling-house which, as in all mediaeval castles, occupied part of the fortified enclosure. Later on, we have evidence of new kitchens and their offices, but the only mention of the hall and its adjacent chambers occurs in the bill paid at the end of this first quarter to Richard Godesalf the slater and his servants for several days' work. The inference is clear : either the hall had been completed shortly before the work of converting the site into a fortified enclosure began, and needed nothing but an outer roof, or the old manor-house roof was now repaired or renewed. The usual history of fifteenth-century castles indicates the second alternative as more likely : we need remember only the example of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, where the later castle has similarly grown round a manor-house which, before the fifteenth century, was of little or no importance as a stronghold.3
At the same time 6s. 8^d. was paid for work connected with the garden fence, of oak palings cut upon the demesne, and £13 14s. Id. for waggons and oxen. Eight yoke of oxen were bought 'of divers men and in markets,' one at Narborough, the price of a yoke averaging 25s. Two pairs of waggon-wheels cost 26s. 8d. and 26s. 9d. respectively; the bodies of the-waggons and the axle-trees were made for 6s. 220 Ib. of iron bought of Thomas Cooper at Narborough at ^-d. a pound were worked by the smith into ' cleeves, teams, hooks, rings, shackles and pins' for the waggons at the same rate. Finally there is a small account of 4s 8d. for miscellaneous payments—an axe and a bill for the gardener, two mattocks and an axe for the waggoners, an iron axle-pin for a waggon, and ' vna mucfforke empta pro le ffermyng.' Two waggoners, William Haslam and Thomas Launder, were constantly employed, each at 5s. a quarter with lOd. a week for his board and lodging; and, throughout the accounts, the ' wain- men's boarding ' is a never-varying item.
After the first week in February 1480-1, there was a rise in wages. Powell was advanced from 4d. to 6d., the other labourers from 3d. to 4d. daily. This rate continued throughout the spring
' See Fosbrooke, T. H., Ashby-de-la-Z ouch Castle (Assoc. Soc. Report.ts and Papers XXXI., 181-224). 196 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
and summer : but, for four weeks iu April, Peyntour was reduced from 4d. to 3d., possibly by way of a fine. On 26 February, a change takes place in the form of the weekly accounts, which now begin to be arranged, according to the usual mediaeval practice, under classified headings. This change is due to the coming of two new labourers, classed neither as 'Dykers ' or ' Gardiu',' but under the general title of ' Laboratores.' The other items ai-e ' Waynmen Bordyng ' and ' Empciones,' i.e., purchases, of which there is one, a bar of iron bought for 18d. of John Parsons ' for a croo (crow) to be made thereof for divers necessaries within the manor in the same place and for digging stone.' The new labourers, John Byngliam, who soon after joined the ditchers, and Richard Hakett, who is probably the same person as Richard Haukyn, employed very constantly afterwards, were hired to lay foundations for walls and a chamber within the moat ' upon the draw-bridge '; and next week Richard Bradeffeld was paid 3s. 4d. for laying the slates of the ' chamber by the bridge.' a During the week before and after Lady day Haukyn was busy getting together stones, plaster and other necessaries within the site. Meanwhile, during the quarter which ended on 24 March, some 2400 loads of rough stone had been carried to Kirby, at a total cost of £50 14s. lid. This stone was brought from places in the neighbourhood—Steward hey, Baron hill, Baron hey, and Tiptree hill are mentioned—and was carried by men who came from Groby, Glenfield, Whittington, Ratby and Markfield. One man was employed from Stoughton, in another direction. Bowlott, who apparently lived at Bird's Nest, a mile east of Gleufield, was responsible for 58 loads. The price of carriage per load was at first 6d., but 5d. became the normal charge. During the same period about 4000 bricks were carried from the brickmaker, John Ellis, at 6d. a thousand, and 3900 at 5d. a thousand. For delivering the latter number, one John Fauxe, apparently the brickmaker's foreman, was paid at the rate of a penny a thousand. Immediately after Lady day, 76 cartloads of freestone were brought from Alton, the quarry from which most of the freestone was subsequently supplied. This place can be definitely identified with Alton hill, uear Ravenstone, where the soft fine-grained sandstone used at Kirby could be obtained.b The carriage of each load was 10d., but the township of Thornton carried fifteen, and the township of
I It is difficult to say what this building was. It was evidently put up very quickly and was in all probability a temporary building intended for the use of the masons and carpenters. II Mr. S. Perkins Pick and Mr. William Keay have kindly furnished confirma tion of this identity. The township of Alton belonged to the abbot and convent of Garendou and became known as Alton grange, from their farm here. It seems probable that Hastings may have had a lease of the quarry from them. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIKBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 197
Bagworth ten loads 'for love of my lord,' and were rewarded at the rate of fourpence a load.
In the week after Lady day, when Bowlott brought in six loads of timber from the neighbouring Frith, three carpenters, William Turner, John Claybroke and Robert Glen, appeared on the scene at 6d. each a day, to make ' a ladder and bridge and to cut down divers oaks in the frith for planks for the said bridge.' During the first week in April, they were squaring divers pieces of timber for the bridge, and, under the heading Sarratores, we find two sawyers, John Mortymer and his fellow, sawing timber for ' theylls ' for the' same purpose. The sawyers finished their work after 9 April, and the bridge seems to have been completed about the middle of Holy week, Easter falling on 22 April. In the week beginning y April, Bowlott brought two loads of timber from Baron park for the bridge, at the completion of which five car penters were employed. In Holy week Haukyn was cleaning up the buildings and walls which have been noted as prepared for the masons and carpenters. In Easter week, he cleaned the inner court—that is to say, the courtyard in which building operations were about to begin—and Bowlott spent a day in carrying the old timber from the inner to the outer court—that is, the forecourt which formed the approach to the moat. He also brought four cartloads of scaffold-poles from ' Baruhouse.' The carpenters did not come this week, but the next week they were back again, getting things ready for the master-mason, who seems to have arrived a day or two before Easter, while Haukyn and another labourer, Roger Hudson, who had joined him a month before at 3d. a day and was now raised to the normal sum of 4d., were cleaning the rubble walls and the old timber. Work at the moat was also active, the two garden-men joining the eleven ditchers for the nonce. Lime was delivered in large quantities at Easter and throughout the summer. It was bought from John Puree and John Lane at Arborough or Barough, probably Barrow-on-Sonr: the price was 7d. a quarter or 2s. 4d. for a cartload of four quarters, with a shilling extra for the carriage. Some £88 were spent upon lime and carriage between Easter and Michaelmas. All was thus prepared for the masons, whose arrival begins the second period of the work. A few words may be said upon these men and their relation to the task on hand. We are rather apt to speak loosely of the great mediaeval employers of labour, nobles and clergy, and the clerks who acted as their paymasters, as if they were architects. There are still writers who, in spite of the fact that the real facts are in print and easily accessible, still repeat the groundless tradition that William of Wykeham was 198 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Edward III.'a architect at Windsor, and was his own architect at Winchester, or that William Waynflete acted as lord Cromwell's architect at Tattershall and designed Magdalen tower at Oxford. We may well allow that such men as these were intelligent patrons of art, and that the artists who worked for them were guided to some extent by the wishes and personal tastes of such patrons, but to suy more than this is to indulge in pure romance. In studying the history of a mediaeval building, we have to eliminate the architect, in the modern sense of the word. The director of the craftsmen was a craftsman himself, who had been through the stages of a practical training and had earned the right to train and command others. It is true that the mediaeva-1 master-mason deserves the name of architect in the highest degree, that he per formed the most important duties which fall to the share of the modern architect, and that, at the time of which we are speaking, when the northern nations were gradually coming into touch with the classical traditions of the south of Europe, the position of the master-mason was becoming gradually more like that which the professional architect was eventually to assume. The point to keep in mind, however, is, in the first place, that the design of buildings was at this date under the control of working craftsmen. Our numerous mediaeval building contracts are ignorant of the word ' architect' : they are contracts made with working masons, and such specifications as they give are obviously the mason's tender. And, in the second place, the relation of employers and their clerks to the work of building was in the first place financial. They might approve or reject, or suggest modifications in the master-mason's designs, but the designs were not theirs.3
At Kirby Muxloe we have the employer, lord Hastings, who wishes to build a fortified manor-house and knows what he wants and where he can get the best men to work for him. Under him is his local agent, Roger Bowlott, a good man of business who can engross and keep accounts, whose duty it is to hire craftsmen and labourers, to keep them at work and see that they are paid. Associated with him is Ralph Petche, who shares his duties and acts as controller of Bowlott's accounts. Bowlott's position under
" A summary statement of their part in the work is given in the famous text relating to William of Volpiano, abbot of St-Be"nigne at Dijon, whose share in the construction of his church (c. 1000) is described as mayistros condwendo ac ipmm opus dictando—i.e. hiring master masons and giving orders for the same work. Upon the legend of William's skill as an architect which has been founded on this passage and has led to quite unwarrantable conclusions (see, e.g.. Cram, R.A., The Substance of Gothic, Boston, 1917, pp. 84, 85), see the remarks of de Lasteyrie, R., L'architecture religieuse en France A Vepoque romane, Paris, 1912, pp. 486, 487. The original text is printed by Mortet, V., RecueH. de textes, etc., Paris, 1911, pp. 26 sqq. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 199
Hastings was precisely that of William of Wykeham under Edward III. at Windsor: Petche's relation to Bowlott was that which at Windsor such clerks as William Mulso bore to Wykeham and John Rouceby later to Mulso.a Bowlott, in fact, holds the office which, in the case of a mediaeval church, was known as that of magister operis, master or clerk of the works. But the design and execution lay iu other hands. Just as the real architect at Windsor under Wykeham's clerkship was Geoffrey Carleton, ' keeper of all mason's work' at 6d. a day,b so John Couper, master-mason, worked for 8d. a day under Bowlott's clerkship at Kirhy Muxloe.
It is characteristic of Hastings' ambition and splendid taste that he procured his master-mason at Kirby from Tattershall, where, about half a century before, Ralph lord Cromwell, another favoured minister of the Crown, had converted a thirteenth-century castle into a fortified palace.0 Those who know both Tattershall and Kirby compare and contrast them instinctively, and, of late years, since both buildings have been rescued from decay and their plan and details have been better understood, the analogy between them is still more striking. Just as Cromwell built his strong house of sandstone at Wiugfield and his brick fortress-palace of brick at Tattershall, so Hastings enlarged his castle at Ashby, building there the great sandstone tower which bears so strong a likeness to the tower at Wingfield, and rivalled Cromwell's tower at Tattershall in the brick-work of the inner court at Kirby. The parallel is too obvious to be a mere coincidence : it was clearly the desire of Hastings, the most influential supporter of the house of York, to emulate the splendour of the great Lancastrian treasurer whose death had shortly preceded his own rise to fame and fortune. The Kirby accounts give testimony to this in the repeated record of travelling expenses paid to the master-mason for his journeys from and to Tattershall, and from one entry it is clear that Tattershall was his home. It is not at all unlikely that John Couper served his apprenticeship to one of the masons who had worked upon Tattershall castle, and that he himself was the master-mason of Tattershall church, which, although its date has been assumed upon mistaken premises to be contemporary with the foundation of the college there in 1422, was certainly not completed
" See Cal. Pat. Bolls 1354-8, 1358-61, 1361-4, 1364-7, for various documents relating to the part of Wykeham and his fellow clerks in the royal buildings. b Lethaby, W. R., Westminster Abbey and the King's Craftimen, 1906, pp. 196, 197. For the various persons engaged in building at Windsor see Hope, Sir W. H. St. John, Windsn Castle, 1913. c Cromwell's work of transformation at Tattershall has been briefly described by the present writer in Assoc. Soc. Reports and Papers XXXII., 411-14. 200 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. upon its present scale until long after Cromwell's death in 1456." The first mention of Couper in the accounts is, as has been said, in tlie week beginning 7 May, 1481, when he is called ' Mastermason, overseer over the stone-masons.' He was then paid for twenty-four days work at 8d. a day, while his apprentice, Patrick Agar or Acre, was paid at the rate of 6d. Couper then went away with his apprentice, leaving the work in the charge of Robert Steynfortb, freemason, who was styled the warden—i.e. ' keeper of all masons' work,' like Ciirleton at Windsor and John Morow at Melroseb—and received a wage in gross of 3s. 4d. a week —i.e. a mark (13s. 4d.) every mouth. At Midsummer eightpence was paid for hiring a horse for Steynforth, who rode to Tattershall to fetch Couper; and preparations for Couper's return appear in the sums of threepence paid to Margaret Gregore for hay for the ' magister masson's' horse and sixpence for a bed—i.e. in the usual mediaeval sense of the word, a set of bed-clothes—for ' maister mason.' He aud his apprentice stayed from 25 June until the last week in July : for his travelling expenses Couper received sixteenpence, covering a day's ride each way, and an additional fee of ten shillings. On 6 August Couper and Agar were back again and stayed till the end of the month. Towards the end of August Steynforth was joined by another freemason, Robert Bardalf, who received 6d. a day. The master-mason and his apprentice appeal- again in the last week in September. This time they stayed till about 20 October; and, before they left, Steynforth was superseded as warden by John Lyle or Lyly and was reduced from 3s. 4d. a week to the ordinary freemason's wage of 6d. a day. Henceforth, Steynforth and Bardalf worked under Lyle. Couper did not return until the spring of 1481-2. He was at Kirby, always with Patrick Agar in his company, throughout March, from 22 April to the middle of May, 1482, from the middle of June to the middle of July, from 12 August to the end of the first week in September, for a week early in October and for a fortnight in the middle of December. He came again with the spring on 10 March, 1482-3, staying for a fortnight, and for the last time for a week on 26 May, 1483; soon after which, for reasons which will be indicated presently, his connection with the building ceased.
1 The architectural details of the church preclude a date much earlier than 1480. When Cromwell made his will in 1455, the rebuilding of the church is mentioned as a mere contingency (Nicolas, Test. Vet. I., 276). The arms of bishop Waynflete, one of Cromwell's executors, appear on the north porch ; it is probable that the nave was completed before his death in August, 1486. * Cf. The Fabric Rolls of York Minster (Surtees Soc. XXXV.), p. 46. In 1422-3 John Long, master mason, received a fee of £10 ; William Waddeswyk, gurdianus (warden), was paid at the rate of 35, a week. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 201
With the beginning of June, 1482, an increase in the number of freemasons is noticeable. Lyle, Steynforth and Bardalf were joined on 3 June by William Tattersale, who is subsequently known by his. patronymic of Kobeson or Robynson. On 17 June came Thomas Wilson or Wilkynson, on 1 July William Hunter, on 19 August Richard Whelpeley, on 26 August Thomas Carlyll. Hunter soon dropped out, and Whelpley took his place, but the remaining six worked regularly with Lyle till the following spring. After March, 1483, Steynforth, Bardalf and Robinson were habitually with Lyle, while the others disappeared or appeared intermittently. Before work was interrupted in June, 1483, three new names appear for short periods—John or Thomas Churchman, William Singleton or Shyngleton and John Gamull. The extraordinary variety of the spelling of these surnames, a phenomenon familiar to all students of mediaeval and later documents, should be noticed in view of the theories advanced by those ingenious persons who discover a deep design underlying Shakespeare's variations upon the orthography of his name. Bowlott, who cannot be suspected of desiring to throw dust in the eyes of posterity, spelt his own name in four or five different ways." It may also be remarked that, from the first week of November, 1482, when the winter season began and the day's work stopped earlier, each freemason's wage was reduced from 6d. to 5d. The warden, however, still received his 3s. 4d. weekly, and one cannot imagine that Steynforth, who, a year before, had been sure of his 3s. 4d., was very content with his new winter's wages, at 2s. 6d. for six full days' work. With the beginning of the following February the wage was raised to the old sum of 6d. a day.
In the week beginning 7 May, 1481, when the freemasons had already been on the spot for a short time, the roughmasons, who worked upon the rubble for foundations, and the bricklayers made their entry. With regard to these newcomers, it is necessary to remark that the distinction between freemasons and ordinary stonemasons and wallers is a constant feature of mediaeval building-accounts—the fabric-rolls of York minster and the accounts of Magdalen college, Oxford, are cases in point.b The
• Carlyll's name appears as Carlyl, Carlill, Carlelyl, Carlyle, Carlyll, Carlell, Carrelyl, Carelyl, Carlil, Carllyll, Carrell, Carelyll, Carelill, Carrelell, Carllill — fifteen variations. Others will be found commented upon in the notes to the accounts. The most interesting series occurs in the case of a carpenter, Thomas Hochyn, Hogeson, Hodgeson, Hochen, Hochinson, Hochenkynson, or Hochekynson. * At York a distinction is drawn between the majores lathomi or cementarii and the cementarii vocati ' setters ': see Fabric Rolls, ut sup. At Magdalen the freemasons were paid by the piece; the ' rowmasons ' or lathomi ponentes (setters) by the day. (Wilson, H. A., Hist. Magd. Coll., p. 22.) 202 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. freemason's work was to dress and carve freestone: he was a skilled artist. The roughmason and the waller in stone or brick were his inferiors; and the superiority of the freemason is emphasised by the guild ordinances which at this date bound the freemasons of South Germany into a close corporation under tbe supremacy of the master-mason of Strassburg." The daily payment to the roughmasons at Kirby, however, was equal to that of the ordinary freemasons who worked under the master and warden. William Taillour, William Wyso (i.e. Wysall), John Faille, Thomas Sandur and John Crosse, whose numbers, as time went on, were augmented or filled up by new names, received 6d. each. Faille and Crosse brought their underlings, Ealph Langston and John Graunt, who, with two other masons' men, received the labourers' wage of 4d. daily, and are generally classified under the heading of labourers. The master bricklayer, John Hornne, worked at the rate of 8d. a day, equivalent to the wages of the master-mason. He had at first two trowel-men under him at 6d., and three labourers at 4d. Meanwhile, of the carpenters, Turner was making wheelbarrows and a forge for the smith, while Glene and Claybroke were making crows and shovels. Petche and Bowlott brought in 47 loads of sand, and the purchases of the week included a • coolie,' or large wooden tub, and four barrel heads for holding mortar, and a number of nails, ' brod-nails,' ' stonlath-nails,' ' spykings,' etc., a frequent entry in these accounts, for various purposes. From this period, the middle of May, 1481, only the most striking and essential items need be noted. Freemasons, rough- masons, bricklayers and carpenters are all regularly at work, assisted by the miscellaneous labourers; the ditchers are still making the moat. Fresh sand is carried almost weekly; the accounts for freestone and rough-stone are entered periodically, and there are frequent entries of small purchases and necessary expenses. The sawyers come when they are needed : the wag goners, Haslam and Launder, are always at hand, Launder giving place in September to Christopher Dyconsou, and Dyconson in January, 1481-2, to Christopher Clerkson, who continues to the end. On 14 May we hear for the first time of the master carpenter, John Doyle, surveying the woodcutters and marking timber at Osbaston wood and Shepshed, at the wage of 8d. a day, as in the case of the other master craftsmen. We have thus three master craftsmen working at 8d. a day, the only distinction being that the
• The famous ordinance of Ratisbon, 25 April, 1459, is discussed by Janner, F., Die Bauhiitten des deutsclieu Mittelalters, Leipzig, 1876. For the distinction between freemasons and wallers, a growth of the early middle ages, see ch, iii. There is a translation of the Ratisbon ordinance in Gould, Hist, of Freemasonry, vol. I. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 203 master-mason's wage is invariably reckoned as 4s. a week in a lump sum. Other craftsmen, with the exception of the warden, receive 6d. a day, while the labourers have 4d. each.
At the end of May there was evidently rainy weather, for Powell and four of his men were paid Is. 8d. for a night spent in watching for the rise of water in the moat, and in the first week in June four men had 8d. between them for a similar task. At this time, the carpenters and sawyers were preparing timber for a bridge and postern over the new brook which supplied the moat from the main stream, and thorns were felled and carried for two hedgers, who, for the sum of 10s. 6d., made a hedge of stakes and edderings—i.e., stout branches bound together by horizontal rods —between the manor-place and the new park. From 18 June to the middle of July the carpenters worked at planks, trestles, ladders and hurdles for scaffolding, and then began upon a shed for the freemasons. Their work upon the forge had been finished : about 9 July it was being roofed by Godesalf with an apprentice and another slater, Stephen Jeffson was doing some final work to the chimney, and John Wylwod was ' torching ' or covering the inner walls with a wattle-and-daub lining. The moat was now drawing near completion and the ditchers were dividing their attention between it and digging foundations for new buildings in the inner court. During August the sides of the moat and its continuation to the Jbrook [were levelled, and in September the entries of payments to ditchers cease. Powell, however, at a later date, received the extremely large sum of £24 for a quarter's work in directing the operation of ' kestyng ' the moat. It is difficult to explain a sum so entirely out of proportion to the ordinary scale of payments. The garden-men also ceased work this summer : the gardener remained, receiving his quarterly salary of ten shillings, and during July his wife was paid a shilling for cleaning the shed in which the plaster was kept near the outer paling, while another shilling was spent in providing the gardener himself with a spade, a shovel, and a hook for dealing with thorns and brambles.
Four cartloads of straw were bought for the freemasons' new shed at the end of July ; it was wattled, roofed and plastered and the door fixed a month later, and wood was being sawn for the window-openings early in September. In the last week of July the gable-end of the ox-house, apparently in the outer court, was torched: the reason for this appears definitely in September, when the carpenters put up a room ' for the fabric' adjoining the ox- house. The ordinary meaning oifabrica in a mediaeval document, although the word is sometimes used for an actual building, is 204 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
' the fabric fund,' and its proper English translation is 'the works,' as at Lincoln and Southwell, where the fabrica of the church was popularly known as ' our Lady's works,' and the clerk of the works was frequently called custos fabrice, the warden of the fabric.* The room for the fabric at Kirby was therefore the clerk of the works' office, where business was transacted and the weekly payments were made.
While these operations, so interesting for the light they throw on the conditions under which the work was done, were going on, the bricklayers bad been proceeding steadily with the walls of the inner court, and, at the end of August, scaffolding was being prepared for the towers. Allusions to the towers become frequent. They are called ' lez Toures' or ' le Turr ': sometimes one and sometimes more are meant; but, for reasons which will presently appear, we may conclude that the towers referred to under this title were, in the first instance, the two large towers at the angles flanking the gate-house, the north-east and north-west angles of the site. Haukyu, early in September, was laying walls within the site, apparently for a new kitchen and fireplace. But the summer season was coming to an end. At the close of September, nine cartloads of stubble were brought to cover over the tops of the walls and towers, so far as they had been raised, for the winter. The freemasons were beginning to dress stone in their new shed, and the smith was busy sharpening their axes and chisels at two pence a dozen. The works office was floored and finished; the account for the year, £330 3s. Od, was cast up at the end of October, when the roughmasons left; and for two days after 29 October, the last bricklayer finished levelling the top of a tower wall before the walls were covered with a thatch of stubble and bracken tied on hurdles.
With the coming of November, the labourers' wages were lowered from 4d. to 3d., and the period of winter inactivity lasted till the middle of March, 1481-2. The warden and two freemasons worked all the time, except in Christmas week. Preparations for new scaffolding were made at the end of January, and the foundations of the walls of the middle towers were laid early in March. On Lady day the labourers' wages were raised generally from 3d. to 3^d. ; the mastermason was nearly at the end of his spring visit, and a new master bricklayer, John Corbell, paid at the rate of 18d. per thousand bricks, was on the spot. On
* Ci. York Fabric Rolls, ut sup. The clerk of the works, usually one of the vicars choral, is habitually called custos fabrice, e.g. Nicholas Keld in 1422-3 and Thomas Espham in 1432-3 (pp, 46-50). THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 205
1 April he was joined by six bricklayers, paid at the rate of 7d. a day. They worked at the middle towers already referred to. The allusions in this part of the account to the middle and base towers appear to concern the small towers which projected from the middle of the east, south and west walls, and to the south-east and south-west angle towers. These were smaller and lower than the two angle towers on the gate-house side of the inner court, and the term 'base,' ' basse ' or low towers would apply very well to them. One interesting point is that the bricklayers' work upon them seems to have been a work of repair rather than rebuilding. There were old towers at these points, and these, although altered, were not wholly destroyed. There is another interesting point with regard to these new bricklayers. No one now believes the old theory that our best mediaeval brick-work was imported from abroad, and these accounts show that the Kirby bricks were made at the Brickhouse or brick place close to the site, by John.Ellis, delivered by his man John Faux, and counted by one of Corbell's workmen. But there is no question that some of the bricklayers whom Corbell supervised were foreigners. Corbell itself is a name of French origin. Mark Maligoo, Staner Matlot, Chariot or Charles Ruddicourt, and Turkyu Horwynd, were certainly not Englishmen : that Turkyn Horwynd was a Fleming, there can be very little doubt. In Arnold Ruskyn we have another probably Flemish name: and, wheii we find that he is called indifferently by the name of Ruskyn or Bruston, which is the common mediaeval form for Burston, near Diss in Norfolk, we have a clue to his provenance and to that of his companions. It is probably a safe conjecture that they were craftsmen, originally from the Low Countries, who exercised their trade in East Anglia and were imported from that centre of brick architecture to work at Hastings' new masterpiece." The foreigners, moreover, were specially em ployed—they occur by no means regularly—at certain classes of work. Their work upon the middle towers is described particularly as pyctura inuri, which looks as if it meant the painting or picturing of the wall. Now, a common and beautiful feature of the brickwork of the eastern counties, which appears to some extent at Tattershall and is found, for example, in the bishop's palace at Ely and in St. John's college,-Cambridge, is the variation of red-brick walls with patterns of small blue bricks; and this patterning was done in a very peculiar and unusual fashion in the gate-house at Kirby Muxloe. The phrase pyctura mini is ex tremely uncommon, and were it used of the inner walls of a floored and roofed building, it might be taken merely as referring to
* In Leicestershire itself Kirby Muxloe is the first example of brickwork known to exist after the Roman period. o Vol. XI. 206 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. covering the walls with a colour-wash.* But this is certainly not the case here; and, further, it was work for which special men were employed and special scaffolding was made. I conclude therefore that it must be translated ' the patterning of the wall,' arid taken as referring to bricklaying at points where such patterns occur.11 As I have said, the middle towers, in connexion with which the phrase pyctura muri first occurs, were not the gate house, but small towers projecting from the wall, but it is evident that they were patterned brick towers, and that the patterning was the work of the foreign bricklayers. We find again that at the end of April Horwynd and Ruddicourt spent three days in making the ' murther holes ' anew. We can see again in the gate-bouse what ' murther holes ' were: they were loops for bowmen and round holes for small cannon. In all probability, the old middle and base towers had been pierced by arrow-loops, which were re constructed as part of the work of repair. About 22 April, when the base-towers were drawing near completion, the foundation of the walls of the gatehouse were begun by the labourers. None of the regular roughmasons came till 13 May, and for a day to a day and a half in the week before six of the bricklayers, Horwynd, John Dale, Ruddicourt, Peter Corbell, Maligoo and Michael Milner worked as roughmasons. The freemasons were now employed with the stonework of the towers which had been in progress before the winter, and the carpenters, under Doyle, were making the tower-floors. On 10 June the foundations of the gatehouse towers are mentioned—i.e. the towers flanking the main entrance of the castle and forming part of the gatehouse. The entries during this part of the summer refer with great regularity to the gatehouse foundations and to the carpenters' work in one or both of the large angle-towers, of which Corbell was probably at this time completing the upper stories by degrees. June seems to have been a rainy month: John Davy, one of our old friends the Welsh ditchers, some of whom were now working with the other labourers, spent a night watching for the appearance of flood-water in the foundations, for which he received a shilling, and early in July Lewis William and Morris Gough were clearing away the water, which Davy's vigilance had not been able to check. Other work in July was the beginning of a bakehouse within the site, which probably formed part of the new kitchen offices, and the construction of a new forge. Smith-
* As in the case of York minster, where pictura magni campanilis in 1472 (Fabric Rolls, ut sup., p. 77) refers to the decoration of the inner walls of the great middle tower. b An alternative suggestion is that pyctura may mean ' pointing.' But ' to point' is puiictuare, not pingere ; and I can find no parallel for the use of pictura with this sense. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 207 work affords constant entries: Robert Smyth was paid for working iron at 5s. 4d. a hundredweight, and was employed as it was needed.
Reference has already been made to the preservation of the old hall and its adjoining chambers. This is further borne out by an allusion early in September to the great chamber, the room which in the mediaeval house-plan occupied the upper floor of the block at the end of the hall opposite the kitchen. One of the bricklayers was employed to mend the chimney : this is the only reference to the hall-block which occurs after the early account paid to the tilers. It does not, however, exclude the possibility that Corbell's steady progress in bricklaying, of which few details are given beyond the number of bricks, may have embraced some rebuilding in this part of the work. But, throughout August and September, it is probable that he was engaged upon the gatehouse and its towers.
Work was now advanced far enough to be continued more vigorously throughout the coming winter than before. In October the carpenters made a jenne or ferae—in modern English, an engine or windlass—for the freemasons, by which stone and brick were hoisted to the workmen on the angle-towers. The brick-men hewed brick for the chimneys and vaulting and worked at the tower roofs. Descriptions in these accounts are, as has been shown, rather vague and general; but the ' tower-roofs ' of the winter of 1482-3 are probably the vaults of the lower chambers and stairs of the gatehouse. In the last week of January, the centerings for ' the vault above the gatehouse' were made. This was evidently the vault which covered the main entry. On 3 February, the brick- hewers of the winter became brick-layers again, and a start was made with the gatehouse vaults.
We are now drawing near the end of the story, but, before we proceed to its last phases, it should be noted that, in October 1482, among a number of out-payments which are recorded on one of the leaves of which a photograph is given in the last number of Transactions,"' is a payment of £5 6s. 8d., covering two years, to a chaplain, Thomas Syde, who had evidently been employed to look after the spiritual welfare of the workmen and probably said mass in a chapel or oratory connected with the hall buildings. This man can hardly have been the parochial chaplain of Kirby; for Kirby was a chapelry in the parish of Glenfield, and in the ordinary course of things its chaplain would have been hired and paid by the rector of Glenfield. He must, on the contrary, have been a
a See note (") on p. 193 above. 208 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. chaplain specially hired by Hastings for the purpose indicated. This very proper proceeding need not encourage us in the least to discover in Hastings a nobleman of unusual piety. In the fifteenth century religion was a matter of course ; and fer the masons, brick layers and labourers to go to mass and their religious duties was as natural, whether they were, as we say, bad or good, as to go to Bowlott's office for their weekly money. As for the chaplain him self, £2 18s. 4d., a year was not, even in those days, a very hand some stipend for a clergyman ; but it was enough to. provide him with the bare necessaries of life, and, as his duties at Kirby would not extend to saying mass more than two or three days a week, he probably eked out his living by saying chantry masses on other days in neighbouring churches. At the same time, the contrast between this small stipend and the sum of £24 paid to Powell for a quarter's work in the moat reminds us of the opinion of -the cynical philosopher in Mr. Mallock's New Republic that £60 a year is too little to give to a cook, and too much to give to a curate. Among other interesting items of this period is a shilling paid for a yard of green woollen cloth ' for holding the accounts.' This was undoubtedly the checkered cloth on which the accounts were cast up : at the bottom of many of the weekly entries a total sum is dotted from the counters arranged upon the checkers, according to the system of computation of which the origin is to be found in the practice of the royal exchequer at Westminster. About 3 Feb ruary, when the freemasons, carpenters and labourers were promoted from winter to summer wages, fivepence was paid to the waggoner Haslam for his expenses in candles for looking after his oxen in winter-time, viz., in his evening visits to the ox-house.
The February accounts show that, while the vaulting of the gatehouse was proceeding, the site of a new kitchen was levelled and the foundations were begun. Among the labourers who took part in this work was one Antony Dutchman, also called Yzebronde, who told bricks for Corbell at lOd. a week, and adds another to our list of foreigners. The main vault of the gatehouse was in a fairly advanced state early in March, when Corbell was ' embattling it'—i.e. preparing its defensive features; foundations were now being dug for the piers of the drawbridge, and the upper walls of the gate-house were rising, Maligoo, Milner, Bruston and Ruddicourt being employed for a fortnight at the end of March in ' picturing the wall.' That this entry may refer to the remarkable patterns in blue brick which we can still see, has already been explained. During the last week in April 1483, 6s. 8d. was paid to John Bakwell for digging divers corbels at Swarkeston bridge, between Melbourne and Derby, and 6s. 10d., was paid to the freemason, Thomas Bakewell, who dressed them on the spot and sent them to THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIBBY MUXLOB OASTLE. 209
Kirby for the machicolations above the gatehouse entry.8 Shortly after, we find that the upper floors of the gatehouse were being laid, and, at the end of May, four fathers of lead, at £4 3s. 4d. the fother, were bought at Ashby, while four more, at £2 the fother, were paid for at Ashby and carried to Kirby from the lead- raiues at Wirksworth. This must have been for the towers and buildings already completed, exclusive of the gatehouse. The lead was cast for the roofs, gutters and pipes by John Smythson at 5s. a fother, the soldering and laying being done by John Plummer and Thomas Jacson at a shilling a day. The digging and dressing of the corbels for the upper battlements was done at Swarkeston bridge early in June.
The gate-house was therefore partially finished up to a certain height, and some of the finished buildings, perhaps the north-east and north-west angle-towers, were completely roofed. But at this period, an unforeseen catastrophe happened, for which we must go to history. The accounts say nothing of it, but they clearly show its results. On 9 April Edward IV. had died. During the last week of the month the duke of Gloucester effected the first stage in a peaceful revolution by his arrest of the queen-mother's male relatives at Northampton. Everyone knows how nearly this revolution touched Leicestershire. The queen-mother's family, the Greys, represented old local interests which were in strong opposition to those of Hastings, who, as the friend and favourite of Edward IV. had risen to power and wealth within the last twenty years. There can be no doubt as to Hastings' animosity to the queen-mother and his complicity with Gloucester in the over throw of the Greys; but he owed allegiance at the same time to Edward IV.'s son and heir. It is difficult to pass an accurate judgment upon a dark and unexplained incident in English history ; but, whatever Gloucester's real motive may have been in the rapid development of events which led to his acceptation of the Crown at his nephew's expense, it is clear that, after his proclamation as protector at the end of May, he realised that he could no longer count upon Hastings' support and feared the opposition of a subject who commanded such wealth and influence. On 13 June 1483, while Hastings' policy was still undeclared, he was arrested by order of the protector at a council-meeting in the Tower and executed without delay. The traditional circumstances of this event, which Shakespeare dramatised from the chroniclers of a later generation, are familiar to all English readers. Shakespeare, however, was naturally influenced by the Tudor interpretation of
a Later entries occur with reference to similar corbels. The material must have been the coarse mill-stone grit of the Swarkeston neighbourhood. 210 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL 80CIKTY.
the story ; and. however powerful his conception of the demoniacal wickedness of Richard III. may be, it must be owned that the whole career of Hastings was marked by a self-reliance and astuteness which it is very difficult to reconcile with the extreme silliness which he shares with Richard's other dupes in the play.
Tho news seems to have reached Kirby about three days later ; for after Monday, 16 June, the freemasons, bricklayers and car penters stopped work. The master carpenter stayed on another day, and twelve corbels were delivered frcm Swarkeston bridge during the course of the week. The chaplain and waggoners were paid till Midsummer. The waggoners and a few labourers were still kept on, carrying wood and doing odd jobs : brick was still made and delivered and told by Roger Hudson at 3^d. a day. But there was some uncertainty as to what would happen. Hastings had demised the manor by his will to his wife Katherine ;a but, in the ordinary course of things, after Richard III.'s coronation on 6 July, it was to be expected that the Crown would enter on the manor as forfeit. Hastings' execution, however, had been ex tremely irregular, and Richard, whose early policy as king was one of conciliation, suffered lady Hastings to retain her husband's property. Accordingly, early in September, we find the towers being prepared for the incoming of the freemasons, and John Lyle, the warden, coming over to Ashby to hold parley with ' the council,' which probably means that Bowlott and others met to devise how the work should be carried on. On 8 Sept., Lyle with Thomas Carlyll and Thomas Sandyaker, began work at the freestone. John Sandyaker, a new bricklayer, also apparently known as Curwyn, was employed ; Doyle the carpenter was back again, aided by some of his apprentices, most of whom bore the Christian name of Nicholas, and the sawyers were preparing boarding for work on the gutters.
Of this last period there is very little to say. Work was carried on upon a very reduced scale. There are none of the large accounts for carriage of stone, purchase and carriage of lime, etc. Lyle acted as master mason, assisted by his apprentice, William Jurden, but was content to work at his old warden's wages of 3s. 4d. a week, with two, or at the most, three freemasons under him. The entries of wages to bricklayers cease altogether at the end of the summer, and it appears at a later date that the freemasons took over the brickwork. It may be interesting to note that while Corbell was master-bricklayer, we have record of a total of 872,000 bricks laid at Is. 6d. a thousand—but this total is by no means complete as
» See Nicolas, Test. Vet. I., 373. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOB CASTLE. 211
regards the whole work." The master-carpenter and his assistants were in constant employ, chiefly at the timber roofs of th'e buildings, while the sawyers came from time to time. While, for the month of September, 1481, the average weekly payments had been £5 2s. 4d. ; and for September, 1482, £6 ; in September, 1483, on the other hand, they Were £1 7s. 6d., rising in September, 1484, when things were on a more settled footing, to £2 Is. 5d. Similarly in August, 1481, an exceptionally expensive month, they were £6 11s. 8d. ; in August, 1482, £QOs. lOd. ; but in August, 1484, £1 7s. 9d. A typical month's winter wages produce the following averages: January, 1481-2, £2 2s. Od. ; January, 1482-3, £2 12s. 5d. ; January, 1483-4, £1 5s. Od. The summer wages under the new order of things had therefore sunk to a rather low winter average. Of the actual work done during this period it is difficult to speak definitely. We have seen that it is probable that some of the towers were roofed shortly before Hastings' death, and that the gatehouse was in an advanced state. The new entries refer rather indefinitely to work on the tower-floors. We must remember of course that, in addition to the gatehouse there were seven towers upon the line of enclosure of the inner court, and that work which is simply said to have been done upon a tower or towers may refer to any one of these : while, on the other hand, the abbreviated form employed in most cases, ' le Turr',' is quite general and means merely the particular tower or towers on which the builders happened to be occupied at the time. Still, the general evidence is that the entries of the rest of the work refer chiefly to the gatehouse and its towers. Thus in September, while floors were being made above the vaults, presumably in the gate-house, the towers were about to be covered over with hurdles, ling and hay for the autumn and winter, nine loads of hay being brought from Lubbesthorpe. At the end of October, the ' jenne ' or windlass upon the towers and the vault was being employed for hoisting flooring-timber; and this may be taken definitely as referring to the gatehouse. In the following week, John Mortymer and his partner Bretby were sawing principals and spars for towers and turrets. During November, Roger Gaillerd the thatcher was putting the winter covering on the unfinished work, including certain window-openings, probably in the upper story of the gate house. Little was done in December ; the clay-bed in the quarry at Alton was cleaned, and Carlyll went there in January ] 483-4, to dress freestone. About 12 January the carpenters began to make doors and the frames for the unfinished windows. Between this and May, 1484, there are no entries of interest. The thatch was removed in May, and at the end of June Smyth • The complete total of bricks recorded as laid is 1,342,500. 212 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. was working at the iron bars—the ferramenta or firments—for the windows. Two ropes were bought for scaffolding for ' patterning ' the upper walls of the towers, and a pound of pitch, which cost a penny, was bought for varnish for the windows.* The wooden roofs of the towers were being made in July and August. In the last week in September we read that Roger Gaillerd was again pro tecting the gatehouse—the one specific use of this word during the year—with thatch against the winter in divers places ; but it is clear that one, at any rate, of the towers was roofed by the end of October, when Smythson was paid for 24 days' work in casting and laying two fothers of lead and soldering the pipes and gutters. It may be concluded that, owing to the interruption in the work and the evident shortness of money, the upper story of the gate house was finished in a hurry, and that the second story which it was intended to add to it was abandoned. The accounts end"at the beginning of December. £61 Os. 4d. had been expended on the work during the past year, as against £205 8s. 6£d. in 1482-3, £397 5s. 8£d. in 1481-2, and £330 3s. Od. in 1480-1., the MS. totals; but the actual totals are some what different. This gives a total sum of £993 17s. 6f d. as against Bowlott's recorded receipts, which occupy the first leaf of the volume, of £989 6s. 8d.; and for this total Bowlott duly accounted to lady Hastings on 7 December, making up his total receipts by the proceeds of various sales to £994 18s. 2d. The small balance of 20s. 7d. for which he had to account he paid out of a sum of £6 proceeding out of the sale of oxen on his own behalf. It is inter esting to note that in his balance sheet he describes the work as the ' repairs ' made at Kirby. This bears out the evidence which the accounts disclose of old work retained and of certain portions rebuilt, such as the 'middle towers,' the gatehouse and the kitchen. The accounts, as printed in the following pages, are translated and condensed so as to avoid the constant repetition of the same phrases and formulae which is a feature of the original. Old English words and such portions of the accounts as are written in English are printed without change of form or spelling : Latin words and phrases are added, where necessary, in the foot-notes. It is almost unnecessary to add that nothing is omitted but what is superfluous or merely reiterative. In this form it is thought that the document will be more useful to the general student than it would be, were it reproduced absolutely in its original form as an antiquarian curiosity. It may be added that its value for the historian and antiquary is almost unique, while it is a conspicuous proof of the necessity of documentary study to a more than merely aesthetic appreciation and understanding of mediaeval art. • One of several such entries which occur in the accounts. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 213
THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS, 1480-1484.
fo . j. SUMS RECEIVED BY ROGER BoWLOT.
In primis, received at Byrdesnest" ... £"13 6. 8 Item, received another time: at Byrdesnest 20 o. o By the hands of Edmund Crosester at Kerby...... 20 o. o At Birdysnest with £10 received from William Moton...... 60 o. o At Kerby by the hands of William Mutton, Edmund Croseter and master Thomas Dalton 24 o. o At Birdenest by the hands of Edmund Croseter ...... 24 o. o By William Motion at Kerby ...... 20 o. o At Asshebyb by my lord's hands ... 60 o. o At Birdenest, 36 August0 ...... 20 o. o At Birdesnest, 16 Sept...... 24 o. o At Kerby, 26 Sept...... 24 o. o At Asshby, 24 Oct...... 50 o. o At Kerby, 16 Jan.d ...... 20 o. o At Leycester, 23 March .. ... 20 o. o At Leycester on the day abovesaid, to pay master Bocher ...... 8 o. o At Kerby, 2 May" ...... 20 o. o At Kerby, 6 May ...... 30 o. o At Leycester, 21 May...... 10 o. o At Assheby, 31 May ...... 20 o. o At Kerby, n June ...... 20 o. o At Kerby, 22 June ...... 40 o. o At Kerby, 4 July ...... 20 o. o At Kerby, 13 July ...... 10 o. o At Kerby, 27 July, by Jeuen f ...... 20 o. o At Kerby, 16 Aug., by my lord ...... 20 o. o At Byrdesnest, 24 Aug., by my lord ... 10 o. o At Asshby, 6 Sept...... 20 o. o At Asshby, 16 Sept...... 10 o. o At Asshby, 21 Sept...... 12 o. o At Kerby, 28 Sept., by Jeuen ...... 12 o. o At Asshby, 4 Oct...... 12 o. o At Kerby, 12 Oct., by John Grene ... 12 o. o
» Bird's Nest near Glenfield was apparently Bowlott's home, as noted on p. 196 above. b Ashby-de-la-Zouch. c The year is 1481. d 1481-2. • 1482. * Li. Evan, probably a Welsh servant of Hastings'. 214 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
At Assliby, 18 Oct., by my lord... .. 20 o. o At Assliby, 7 Nov., by my lord...... 20 o. o At Asshby, 29 Nov...... 10 o. o
Total £755 6. 8 fo. i d. At Asshby, 29 Dec...... 10 o. o At Asshby, 17 Jan." ...... 20 o. o At Asshby, 18 Feb...... 20 o. o At Asshby, by sir Robert ...... 30 o. o 2 April, at Asshby, by sir Robert b ... 20 o. o At Assheby, 25 April, by my lord's hands 10 o. o At Assheby, 12 May, i Edward V.c ... 40 o. o At Assheby, 28 May ...... 10 o. o At Kerby, 30 Sept.,d by the hands of John Grene ...... 10 o. o At Kerby, 3 Nov., by the hands of John Nailston ...... 10 o. o £180 o. o
e By the hands of John Luff, 30 April .. 30 o. o By my lady's hands, 12 Jan...... 10 o. o By the hands of Thomas Kebell,f 31 July 14 o. o
6/234 °- ° fo. 2. WEEK BEGINNING MONDAY, 23 OCT., 20 EDW. IV.h In primis, paid to Robert Woode and John Claybroke for carriage with lowyng' of 40 cart loads of wood carried from Dame Annes More to Breke hous, per cart-load 6d...... 2os. o'd. Item, paid : To Thomas Walker and John Claybroke for carriage with le lowyng of 36 cart-loads of wood carried from le Fryth to le Breke hous, per cart-load 7d...... 2is. od. '1482-3. b 1483. The identity of sir Robert, probably a chaplain to Hastings, is not certain. c Edward IV. had died on g April. d These receipts are after Hastings' death on 13 June. * The last three entries are in another hand. * Kebell was one of Hastings' confidential clerks or servants whose names occur frequently in documents relating to him or to one or other of them. Thus he and William Moton. named above, occur as partners with William Chauntry and Robert Mone, clerks, and William Grymmesby, esq., all persons connected with Hastings, as joint patrons of the church at Lubenham in 1478. « By addition of £54 to the £180 above. The whole sum amounts to £989 6s. 8d. This sum is dotted at the fopt^of the account. Some notice of the method of dotting sums in reckoning is given in a later note. h 1480. ' Piling up. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 215
To Thomas Jonson for dyging 43 cart-loads of sand, per cart-load id...... 35. yd. To Roger Bowlott for carriage of the said 43 cart-loads at 3d...... los. gd. To William Haselame for lowyng of 59 [cart loads of] wode, for felyng and lowyng each load 2d. gs. lod. To Roger Bowlott and Richard Cookkis for carriage of the said 59 loads, for carriage of each cart-load from Baronparke to Ic Breke hous 3d. 145. gd. For 2 cart-loads of straw carried for le breke at iad...... as. cd. To John Powell, workman at le Broke for four days at 4d. per day ...... i6d. To John Davye, John Hewe and Eles Davy, working there at cleaning Lytyll Broke for a water-course and at directing the moat as far as the said water-course,3 for four days at I2d. jointly ...... 45. od. To Hugh Geffrey, workman there, at making the way for carts coming into le Waren mote with rough stonesb for-3 days at 4d. ... I2d. To Stephen Geffson and William Leycester working there with Gardyner for 4 days, at 8d. jointly ...... 2s. 4d.
c Sum £^ IDS. 7d. fo. 2 d. WEEK BEGINNING 30 OCT. In primis, paid to John Poell for stokyng d oaks and ashes in le garden plek e for 3 days and a half at 4d...... i4d. Item, paid : to John Davy and John Hewe, working there at the same task for the same time at 8d. jointly...... as. 4d. To William Nevell for cuttyngand breaking up f the said trees for 2 days in le garden pleke, at 3d. 6d. To John Maynerd, Richard Ynnosent, working there in the garden for 2^ days at 6d. jointly ... i$d. To Lytull Henry, working there for 2 days at 3d...... 6d.
Sum 53. gd.
" Pro cursu ague et curr' le mote vsque dictum curiam aque. b Cum lapidibus Bough. c After most of these sums is written the word irrV, i.e. irrotulalcr (it is enrolled). d Rooting up. • A pleck is a small plot of ground. Prompt Part), gives : Plecke or plotte, porciuiicula. N.E.D. quotes an^example of a ' gardyn pleke,' 1485. 'freg'. 216 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.)
WEEK BEGINNING 6 Nov. In primis, paid to John Powell for stokyng in le Garden fur 4 days and 2 days in le moote at ^d. 2s. od. Also paid ; to John Davy and John Googh, working there at le stokyng, at 8d. a day jointly, for 6 days ...... 45. od. To William Nevell, working in le mote for 3 days at 3d...... gd. To Mores and Hewgh, working in le Gardin for 6 days at 6d. jointly...... 33. od. To Richard Smyth,for i mattok, with hewyng i6d. Sum us. id. fo. , WEEK BEGINNING 13 Nov." In primis, paid to John Claibroke and Robert Woode of Glenfeld for dygyng and carriage of 16 cart-loads of stone, at 6d. a load ...... 8s- Od. Item, paid: to Roger Bowlott and John Cater for carriage of 4 cart-leads of stone ...... 2s. Od. To John Fletcher for carriage of 12 cart-loads of stone at 6d...... 6s. Od.
To John Powell, working in le moote for 3^ days b at 46...... To Stephen Jefson, working there in le mote tor 3-J days at 3d...... To William Nevell, working there for a-J days at 3d...... To Eles Gogh for i day c at 3d...... To John Peyntour, working with le Gardiner for 3^ days d at 3d...... ' Sum 35.
WEEK BEGINNING 20 Nov. In primis, paid to. John Powell, working at le moote 6 days at 4d...... 25. od. Item, paid: to Elys Googh, Stephen Jefson and Thomas Pakyngton, working at le moote 6 days at gd. jointly ...... 45. 6d.
' The italicised items in this account are cancelled with marginal note irrotulatur in alia loco. b per iijjoun et di. The French jours, jors, is the word most frequently used for ' days' in these accounts. "jore. *jors. ' igs. gjd. (sum with cancelled items) cancelled. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE OA8TLE. 217
To John Peyntour and John Alene of Gleti- ffeld, working there with Gardiner for 5 days at 6d. jointly ...... 33. 6d. To William Nevell for breaking up ashes and elms in le Garden pleke at 3d...... i8d.
Sum IDS. 6d. fo. 3 d. ———— WEEK BEGINNING 27 Nov. In primis, paid to John Poell, working there 5 days at 4d...... aod. Also, paid : to Eles Gough, William Nevell and Stephen Jefson, working there at le mote 5 days at gd. jointly ...... 33. gd. To Thomas Pakyngton and John Peyntour, working in the garden for 5 days at 6d. jointly as. 6d. To John Powell for 2 le Whille Baroos" atgd. i8d.
Sum gs. 5d.
WEEK BEGINNING 4 DEC. In primis, paid to John Pooell, working there .for 3^ days at 4d...... 14 d. Item, paid: to Eles Gowgh, 2 days at 3d. ... 6 d. To Davy Jonson and William Nevell, 3^ days at 6d.b ...... 2i d. To Stephen Jefson and John Apgryfyth, 3-^ days with the gardiner at 6d...... 21 d. To John Peyntour, for gathering crab-trees for grafting,0 3^ days at 3d...... io|d. Sum 6s.
WEEK BEGINNING u DEC. Item, paid : to John Powell, 6 days at 4d. ... 2s. od. To Eles Gough, William Nevell and Davy Jonson, in le moote, 6 days at gd...... 43. 6d. To Stephen Jefson, John Ap Gryffyth, with the gardyner, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. John Peyntour at le Gederyng le Crabetres for Graftis to be done therefrom, 6 days at 3d. ... i8d. Sum us. od.
a Le. wheelbarrows. b The joint sum is given here and elsewhere, unless otherwise stated; the payment here being at the rate of 3d. per man. c pru coligendo le Crabetres pro le Graftyny. 218 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo. 4. WEEK BEGINNING 18 DEC. In primis, paid to John Powell, in le moote, 4-J days at 40"...... 18 d. Item, paid: to Eles Gowgh, William Nevell, Davy Jonson, 4^ days at gd...... 33. To Stephen Jefson, John ap Gryffyth and John Peyntour, with tlie gardiner, \\ days at gd. ... 35. To Mores Apprice, at le Grubyng" le Elmes, 2 days ...... 6 d.
Sum 8s. 9 d.
Carnage of stone.—In primis, paid to John Fletcher of Newtoon for carriage of 26 cart loads from le Steward hey to Kerby at 6d. ... 133. od. Item to Roger Bowlott and John Cater, 15 loads, le Waste to Kerby, at 6d...... 75. 6d. To John Balle, William Walker, John Clay- broke, Roger Tawell and Robert Woode, 53 loads at one time, 16 at another, from Stewarde hey to Kerby at 6d...... 345. 6d. To Roger Bowlot [23], John Cater [13], John Fletcher [6], John Heyne [7], John Cooke [2], John Claybrooke [5], John Balle fio], William Walker [6] and Roger Tawell [5], 77 lodis, from Steward hey to Kerby at 6d...... 385. 6d. To John Burbrygh and Robert Deyn, 10 loads of Rough stones from Steward hey to Kerby at 6d...... 53. od.
Sum /4 i8s. 6d. fo. 4 d. • Slaters.b—In primis, paid to Richard Godesalf, working on the hall c and divers chambers within the place, 8 days at 6d...... 43. od. To the said slater's servants for the same time at 4d...... 2s. 8d. To the said slater, 12 days at 3d...... 53. od. To the said slater's servants for the same time at 4d...... 45. od. To John Puree of Barough " for 2 cart-loads of lime bought from him at Barough, at 2id. ... 33. 6d. For carriage of the said 2 loads of lime ... 23. od.
0 Grubbing up. b Tegulatores c This entry has been referred to in the introduction. It evidently concerns the re-roofing of the old house which was still standing within the manor-place, d Apparently Barrow-on-Soar. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIBBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 219
For 3 loads of sand carried at 3d. ... gd. Sum 2is. nd. Palts for the gardtn fence.—In primis, paid to Thomas Cleybrooke aud Robert Woode, working at cutting down oaks in demesne and making pales of the said oaks for the garden, according to Thomas Pocoke, by agreement made, in gross for 7 cart-loads of pales to be broken ... i4d. Item, paid to John Cater and Roger Bowlot for carriage of the said 7 loads, from le Fryth to Kerby, at 4d...... 2s. 4d. To Thomas Coolies for framing le Rayllis a from one oak in Baron parke, i day at 4d. ... 4d. To Thomas Pocoke for making the said pal ings for the garden fence and for mending le Whette Croft Yate,b by agreement in gross ... as. od. To Stephen Jefson, working in le Orchard at breaking divers logs, viz. elmes, ashes in le Orchard, 3-^ days at 3d...... io^d.
Sum 6s.
Item, paid: to Thomas Gardyner in part payment of his stipend against Christmas ... IDS. od. To Thomas Gardner on the feast of the Puri fication of St. Mary at Kerby ...... c los. od. fo 5 d Wayns with the Oxon.—In primis, paid to Thomas Blaknalle ffor 2 pere of Wayne Whyles, the price of a pere 26s. 8d., the price of the toder pere 26s. gd...... 533. sd. Item payd fibre 8 yokes and 18 Bowes e bowte in grete ...... 2s. od. Item paid to William Pacwoode ifor niakyng of wayn Bodes f to the seyd whiles by bargyn made in gret with hewyng of certyn axultres ... 6s. od. Item payd to Thomas Cowper of Norborogh ffor 220 Ib. of yron the price of a pound, ^d. ... gs. 2d. Item payd to the smyth ffor wyrching of the same yron in Clyves, Temes, Hokys, Ryngis, Shacullis and pynness to the seyd waynes, takyng for euery Ib. waste and alle wurching, £d. gs. 2d. • The rails of the fence. * I.e. the wheat-croft gate. « These two entries mark two quarterly payments. d All this entry is in English in the original. c Wooden yokes for oxen. ' Waggon-bodies, e Various iron fittings for the waggons. Clyves are the clevises or clevies, the U-shaped bars to which the whippletrees were attached. Temes are the teams or ox-chains. 220 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Item payd ffor 14 Oxon bought of diuerce men and in Markettis ...... £8 gs. ^d. Item payd ffor ij Oxon bowte at Norborough, the price of the yoke 253...... 255. od.
Sum £13 143. id.
Purchases.—In primis, paid for an axe bought from Clement Smyth for le Gardyner and a bill bought for the said gardiner, price, le ax and le bille, 12(1...... I2d. Item, paid : for 2 mattokis for le waynemen for le dygyng stones,a each i4d...... 2s. 4d. For an axe for le waynemen for cutting down le Tooppes,b 8d...... 8d. For a mucfforke bought for le Ferinyng", 4d., and an axull pyne of iron for the wain,c 4d. ... 8d.
Sum 45. 8d. fo. 5d. WEEK BEGINNING 25 DEC/ In primis, paid to John ape Gryffyth, Eles Gowgh and Davyjonson, working there on Sat urday in Christmas week, gd. jointly ... gd. Item, paid to Stephen Jefson, John Peyntur and Mores Prece working there with le gardiner for the same agreement...... gd.
Sum i8d
WEEK BEGINNING i JAN.* In primis, paid to John Pooell, 3^ days at 4d. I4d. Item, paid to Eles Gough, John ap Gryffyth, in le mote 4 days at 6d. jointly ...... 25. od. To Davy Jonson and William Nevell, in le moote 3^ days at 6d. jointly ... .. 2id. To Mores Pryce, John Peyntoure, with Gar- diner, 3-J days at 6d. jointly ...... 2id.
Sum 6s. 8d.
" lapid' b pro sutced' le Tooppes. 'pur le wayn de /err'. d The weekly accounts are continued after the entry of the Christmas bills. • 1480-1. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIKBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 221
WEEK BEGINNING 8 JAN. In primis, paid to John Pooell, in le mootte 6 days at 4d...... 2s. od. To Davy Jonson, John ap Gryffyth and Wil liam Nevell, in le moote 6 days at gd. ... 43. 6d. To Mores Pryce, John Peyntur, in the garden, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. To Eles Gowgh, for Grubbyng in le Gardin, 6 days at 3d...... i8d. Sum us. od.
fo. 6. WEEK BEGINNING MONDAY, 15 JAN. In primis, paid to John Pooell, in le mootte, 6 days at 4d...... 2s. od. Item, paid to William Nevell, John ap Gryf fyth and Davy Jonson, 6 days at gd. jointly ... 43. 6d. To John Peyntour and Morese ap Pryce, in the garden, 6 days at 6d. jointly ...... 33. od. To Elees Gough, in the garden for grubyng divers logs, 5 days at 3d...... i$d. Sum i os. gd.
WEEK bEGINNING^MONDAY, 22 JAN. In primis, paid to John Powell, in le poole in le Dowr'Crooft, 6 days at 4d...... 23. od. Item, to John ap Gryffyth, Davy Jonson and William Nevell, in le poole, 6 days at gd. ... 43. 6d. To Eles Goough, John Peyntur and Mores Price, with le Gardiner in le garden, at gd. for 6 days ...... 43. 6d. For hopes, goinns a for le While Baroos bought at Leycester ...... 5d. For a Whille Barough bought of Copelond, 4d. 4d. Sum us. gd. fo_ 6J. WEEK BEGINNING 2g JAN. In primis to John Pooell, in le pole for 4^ days at 4d...... 18 d.
• Sic. P Vol. XI. 222 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
To John ap Gryffyth, Davy Jonson and Wil liam Nevell, 4^ days at gd...... 35. To John Peyntour, in the garden, 3-^ days at 3d. To Mores Pryce, in the garden, 4^ days at 3d. To Eles Gough, in the garden, 3 days at 3d. gd.
Sum js.
Labourers.—In primis, to John Sparkis of Loughburgh for le fellyng 40 oaks timber in Longhtburgh park, by bargain made in gross by John Doyly ...... 8s. 4d. To Richard Goold of Atherston for le fellyng 80 logs of timber at Osberston wood, by bargain made in gross ...... us. od. To the said Richard for fellyng 40 logs of timber in Bardon parke," etc...... js. 46. To the said Richard for fellyng 130 logs of timber at Shepeshed. by bargain made in gross 125. 8d. To John Doyly for choice of the said timber, g days at 8d.. as appears by bill made by the said John, remaining in the keeping of Ralph Petche 6s. od.
Sum 455. 4d. fo. 7. Bordyng le waynmen.b—In primis, to William Haslam ffor his Bord, that ys to sey euery wike lod. in the yer, ffurst payd to the seyd William by the space of 12 wikes, that is to sey ffro the ffest of Seynt Martyn last past vn to the setur- daye next after the purification of owre lady, 20 Edw. IV...... IDS. od. Item payd to Thomas ffor his Borde euery wike iod., by the space of g wikes, that ys to sey, ffro the Sunday next a ffor the ffest of Seynt Nicholes vnto the seturdaye next after the puri fication of owre lady, 20 Edw. IV. ... 73. 6d. Item paid to Thomas Launder and William Haslam by the sspace c of ij wekes next ffoloyng after the purification of owre lady for ther Borde that ys to say iod. a man in the wike ... 33. 4d. Item paid to William Haslam and Thomas Laundre ffor ther borde in the wike next after ffoloyng ...... 2od. Sum 22s. 6d.
11 Sic. Baron park is meant. b This entry mostly in English. The payments are brought up to Sat., 3 Feb., the morrow of Candlemas. ° Sir. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 223
fo. 7d. WEBK BEGINNING 5 FEB. In primis, paid to John Powell, in le moote, 4-^ days at 46...... 18 d. Item, to John ap Gryffyth, Davy Jonson and William Nevell, in le mote, 4^ days at gd. jointly ...... 33. 4^d. To Eles Gough, in the garden, 5^ days at 3d. i6-Jd. To Mores Price, in le moote, 5-^ days at 3d. ... To Peyntur, in the garden, 4^ days at 3d. ...
Sum 8s. 9 d.
WEEK BEGINNING 12 FEB.3 In primis, to John Apowell, in le Brooke to make the water-course 11 for le moote, 6 days at 6d. 35. od. To Davy Jonson, William Nevell and Eles Gough, at the same task, 6 days at I2d. jointly 6s. od. To John Peyntour and Mores Apprice, with le Gardiner, 6 days at 8d. jointly ...... 45. od. Sum 133. od.
Purchases.—In primis, for 6 Carte Clowtes c bought at market, each id...... 6d. For 100 le Clowt naylle d bought for le Waynes, 2^d...... 2^d. For Axelyng 2 wains,6 each Axelyng 4d. ... 8d. Sum i6|d.
WEEK BEGINNING 10 FEB. fo. 8. y In primis, to John Powell, in le lytull Broke, 4^ days at 6d...... 23. 3d. Item, to Davy Jonson, Eles Gough and Wil liam Nevell, 4^ days at I2d. jointly ... 45. 6d. To John Peyntur and Mores aprice, with the gardener in the garden, 4^ days at 8d. jointly ... 33. od.
Sum gs. gd.
" For the rise in wages, beginning at this point, see introduction. b pro cursu aque habendo. c Clouts are iron plates to protect axle-trees, i Broad-headed nails used for attaching clouts or any iron to wood, e plaustra. 224 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo. 8 d. WEEK BEGINNING MONDAY, 26 FEB."
Dyhers.—John Pooell, in le moote, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Davy Jonson. William Nevell, Eles Goough, 6 days at I2d...... 6s. od. John Davy, i day at 4d...... \A. Gardeners.—Mores Apprice, John Peyntour, 6 days at 8d...... 45. od. Labourers.—John Byngham, at laying the walls and the chamber within le moote upon le drawe Bryge,b 6 days at 4d...... as. od. Richard Hakett, 5 days at 3d...... i$d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Thomas Laundre and William Hasselame for the week ... 2od. Purchases.—For j Barre of iron bought of John Parsons to make a croo thereofc for divers necessary purposes within the manor, and for digyng stones ...... i8d.
Sum 195. gd. fo. g. MONDAY, 5 MARCH. Dykers.—Powell,d as before ...... 35. od. Jonson, Nevell, Henry Hylton,e Davy, 6 days at i6d...... 8s. od. Gardeners.—John Peyntour, 6 days at 4d. ... 23. od. Mores Aprice, 5 days at 40!...... 2od. Labourers.—Richard Bradeffeld, at laying le Sclattis' of the chamber by the bridge.e in gross ...... 35. 4d. Byngham, for le dyging 28 lodes of rough stone ...... I4d. Byngham, working within the place11 at lay ing the walls of the chamber there, 2 days at 4d...... 8d. Richard Hawkyn, [6 days] at 3d. ... i8d.
» From this point the weekly entries begin to be divided and classified under the occupations of the various people concerned. •> Circa deponeiid' mur' et earner' infra le moote super le drawe Bryge. ° pro j croo inde ffiend'. d Christian names are omitted henceforth in this version of the accounts, save where they occur for the first time or under novel forms. • A new man in the place of Gough. f Circa deponcnd' le Sclattix. * The camtra juxta pontem may have been a small house; the word camera is frequently equivalent to a set of rooms. Cf., the French use of appartement. h injra placeam. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 225
Bordyng,—Haslam, Launder, as before ...... 2od.
235. od.
fo q d MONDAY, 12 MARCH. Dykers,—Pooell, as before ...... 35. od. Jonson, Nevell, Davy, Hylton, Gouugh and Byngham, 6 days at 2S...... 125. od. William ap Gryffyth, 5 days at 4d. ... 2od. Gardeners.—Peyntour and Price, 6 days at 8d. 43. od. Labourers.—Haukyn, laying houses3 and walls within the place, 6 days at 3d...... i8d. Waynemen Bordyng.—Haslame and Launder, as before ...... 2od.
Sum 233. lod.
r MONDAY, 19 MARCH. Dykers.—Poell, in le moote, 5^ days at 6d. ... 2s. gd. Davye, Hylton, Gough, Jonson, Byngham, 5^ days at 2od...... gs. 2d. Nevell, Apgryffyth, 5 days at 8d. ... 33. 4d. Gardeners.—Peyntore, 5^ days at 4d. ... 22d. Price, 5 days at 4d...... 2od. Labourers.—Haukyn, in the manor, bringing together stones, plaster, and other necessaries, 5^ days at 3d...... i6Jd Waynmen Bordyng.—As before ...... 2od.
Sum 2is. gid. fo. lod. Carriage of stones.—John Cooke of Groby, for carriage of n cart-loads of stone from Steuard hey to Kerby, at 6d...... 55. 6d. Roger Boolotte, for 8 loads of rough stone... 45. od. John Claybroke, 4 loads of stone from Stewerd hey at 5d...... 2od. Thomas Samund', 8 loads ...... 35. 4d. Roger Bowlott, 6 loads ...... 2s. 6d. John Cooke of Groby, 10 loads at 5d. ... 43. 2d. Richard ffarnham, 8 loads at 5d...... 35. 4d. John Balle of Glenffyld, 16 loads...... 6s. 8d. John Heyne of Whyttyngton, 6 loads ... 2s. 6d.
• Dom', i.e., buildings generally. 226 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
ohn ffletcher, 14 loads from Steward hey ... 5s- iod. ohn Cooke of Groby, 6 loads 23. 6d. ohn Cater, 17 loads ... 7S. id. '^oger Boolott, 30 loads 125. 6d. ohn Cater, 8 loads from Baron hills 33. 4d. ohn ffletcher, 24 loads IOS. od. Roger Bowlott, u loads 4s- 7d. Thomas Rawlyn, 26 loads IOS. iod. Thomas Samun', 26 loads from Barne hills ... IOS. iod. John ffletcher and John Heyne, 28 loads from Baron hyll ... us. 8d. Richard ffatnham, 22 loads from Steward hey gs. 2d. John ffletcher, 12 loads od. Thomas Samon, 15 loads 6s. 3d. fo. u. John Heyn, 2 loads from Steward hey iod. John Somerffild, 3 loads I5d. Margaret Gregore, 16 loads 6s. 8d. Thomas Rauulyns, 6 loads 23. 6d. Richard Heywode, 8 loads 3 S. 4d. Roger Boollot, 3 loads from Borune hey i 5d. Thomas Bowbryg, 13 loads 5s- John Hanson, 5 loads 2S. id! John Cooke, n loads... 4s- 7d- John Cooseby, 7 loads 2S. nd. William Cales, 7 loads 25. nd. Stephen Smyth, 25 loads IOS. 5d. John Typper, 10 loads 45. 2d. John Balle, n loads ... 4S. 7d. Thomas Parnell, 4 loads 2od. Robert Dene, 8 loads 3S. 4d. John ffletcher and John Heyne, 29 loads from Barnhill I2S. id. Margaret Watson, 4 loads from Typtre hill .. 2od. John Parnell, Richard Heywode and Robert Byrde of Rootby, 36 loads 153. od. Richard ifarnham, John Kent, John Adcok, Thomas Samon, William Cales, Robert Dyxy, Robert Skevyngton, John Coseby, Stephen Smyth, John Cooke, Robert Dene, of Grobye, 108 loads ... 45S. od. fo. ii d. John Balle, 3 loads... i 5d. John Typpere,3 3 loads William Colton and Thomas Parnell of Rot- teby, 21 loads of rough stones 8s. gd. Robert Skevyngton, Thomas Cosseby, John Coke, Stephen Smyth, John Hanson, Lawrence Cosseby, Thomas Samon, and Thomas Burbryg of Grobye, 69 loads of stone 28s. 9d. ' against this entry is the marginal note co'p', i.e. computatur,, made when the sums were added up. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 227
Roger Dene, John Coseby, John Kent, John Balle, John Hanson, James Samon, John Cooke, Stephen Smyth, John Coseby, junior, Thomas Geyre, and Richard ffarnham, 118 loads at 5d. (sic)5JS. 6d. a John Fletcher, 6 loads ...... as. 6d. Margaret Watson, 6 loads ...... 2s. 6d. Thomas Burbryge, Richard Heywode, Wil liam Coolton and Thomas Parnell, 40 loads ... i6s. 8d. John Kentte and John Adkok, 16 loads ... 6s. 8d. John Typper, of Stoughton, 6 loads ... 2s. 6d. William Colton, Robert Colton, and Thomas Pernell, 23 loads ...... qs. yd. John Typper, 8 loads of rough stone ... 35. 4d. b James Samon, John Cosseby, Robert Dene, William Cales, Robert Skevyngton and Stephen Smyth of Groby, 34 loads of stone ...... 145. 2d. William Hunt, Thomas Parnell, Richard Heywode, John Crampe, Stephen Haugh, Robert Bird and Robert Coolton of Rotby, yi loads ... ags. yd. John Typper and Richard Farnham, 25 loads los. 5d. John Balleand John Burbryg of Groby, 15 loads 6s. 3d. Thomas Parnell, William Colton, John Heyne and John Crampe, 21 loads of rough stone ... 8s. gd. Richard ffarnham, John Cooke, John Burbryg fo. 12. of Groby, 44 loads ...... (sic) i8s. 4d. c Robert Coolton, Thomas Parnell and John Crampe, 52 loads of stone .. ... 2is. 8d. Richard ffarnham, John Kent, John Typper, Thomas Burbryg, John Adcoke, John Cooke of Groby, yo loads ...... 295. 2d. Robert Colton, William Colton, Thomas Par nell, Robert Birde, William Clerk, John Crampe, John ffletcher, William Pollerd, Stephen Jefson, 120 loads ...... 505. od. Mager' (sic) Gregore, Thomas Raulyns, 26 loads los. lod. Thomas Parnell, Thomas Byrd, John ffletcher and William Polerd of Rootby, 29 loads ... 123. id. John Adcoke, John Cooke, John Somerffeld and James Samon of Groby, 68 loads ... 28s. 4d. Margaret Jonson, 8 loads of rough stone ... 33. 4d. Richard ffarnham, Thomas Burbryg, John Cosby of Groby, 48 loads of stone ...... 203. od. Richard ffarnham, John Cooke, John Cosby, 45 loads from Groby ...... i8s. gd. John Cooke, John ffletcher, Richard ffarnham, 28 loads ...... us. 8d. a The sum should be 495. 2d. b co'p' in left-hand margin. In right- hand margin are cancelled dots. The dots at the foot of each page of this long account are explained in a note further on. ° The sum should be 193. 2d. 228 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
John ffletcher, Richard ffarnham, JohnCrampe, Thomas Parnell, Thomas Byrde and William Clerke, 61 loads of rough stone ...... 253. 5d. fo. 12 d. John Cooke, Richard ffernam, John Cosby, Robert Wyeld and Thomas Vyle, no loads of stone ...... 453. icd. John ffletcher, Hugh Jeke, William Colton, Stephen Jemson, John Burbryg, Stephen Hawe, Thomas Jemson, Robert Colton and William Clerk of Rotby. 148 loads ...... 6is. 8d. John Balle and John Cleybroke of Glenfeld, 22 loads ...... QS. 2d. John ffox, Robert Kynlon of Merkfeld, 22 loads 93. 2d. John ffletcher, Thomas Warde, Richard Hay- wode, Thomas Byrde, Robert Byrde and William Clerk, 133 loads ...... 553. 5d. John Balle and John Cleybroke of Glenfeld, 25 loads ...... IDS. fd. Robert Kynton, 6 loads ...... as. 6d. John Cooke of Groby and John ffletcher, 12 loads 53. od. John Cooke (20), Robert Dene (15), Thomas Samon (15), John Smyth (10), Thomas Somer- ville (10), Robert Wylye (10) and John Cosby (6), 86 loads ...... 355. lod. John ffletcher (20), John Heyn (13), Robert Kynton (14), John Alot (10), William Colton (8), Richard Heywode (10), William Clerke (8), Ste phen Jemson (12), Thomas Parnell (15), John Burbryg (12) and Thomas Byrd (7), no (sz'c)a loads from Steward hey ...... (sic) 543. 2d. Total sum of carriage of le Roughston I £50 143. id. bj fo. 13. Carnage of John Eles' bnck,c—Thomas Raulyns for carriage of 10,000 bricks at 5d. per 1000 ... 45. 2d. Richard Colles, 10,000 at 5d...... 43. 2d. Thomas Colles, 14,000 at 5d...... 55. lod. John ffawxe, 4,000 at 5d...... 2od. Launder and Haslam, 1,400, with my lord's wains ...... ——— d John ffauxe, for delivering le Bryke from John Eles, 39,000 at id. per thousand 6 ...... 33. 3d. * The number should be 129, in which case the price would be 533. gd. The charge here is for 130 loads. b This is the sum according to the fignres given in the MS. There is a hole in the paper at this point, and a contemporary slip of paper inserted in the book supplies the sum as £50 143. ud., which is wrong. The correct sum is £50 6s. ad. Near the end of the account is a marginal note referring to the previous account for carriage of stone (see p. 218 above) : A/d cariag' lapid' in at loco 4 fol' incip' Ubr'. ° Cnriag' le Bryke Joh' Eles. <> Launder and Haslam were ordinary ' wainmen ' kept on the spot, and paid at stated intervals. e There is a marginal note, nota, against this entry. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 229
Roger Boolot, for carriage of 1500 at 6d. ... gd. John Alen, 2,000 at 6d...... isd. John Parnell, i cartload le Bryke from John Elys ...... 2d.
Sum of carriage of le Breke 2is. od.
Total sum for these 22 weeks £g2 173. id.a fo. 14 d. Carnage of le ffreston.—John ffletcher, for car riage of 7 loads le ffreston from Aleton, at i6d. the load ...... 93. ^.d. Thomas Colles, 6 loads from Alton ... 8s. od. The township b of Thornton. for the expenses of 15 cart-loads of le ffreston carried from Alton to Kerby for love of my lord ...... 55. od. The township of Bagworth, for the carriage of ten loads of ffreston as a reward c ...... 35. 4d. John ffletcher, 12 loads from Alton at i6d. ... i6s. od. John ffletcher, 8 loads from Halton ... IDS. 8d. John ffletcher, 17 loads from Aleton ... 225. 8d. Robert Byewell, i load from Alton ... i6d. Richard Barewell, for drawing ffreeston out of the pits d ...... 22d.
Sum 783. ad.
MONDAY, 26 MARCH. Dykers.—John Pooell, in le mote, 6 days at 6d. 35. od. Hugh Poell, Gough, Nevell, Hylton, Byngham and apGryffyth, in le moote, 6 days at 2s. ... 123. od. Jonson, Davy,,5 days at 8d...... 33. 4d. Gardeners.—Peyntour, Mores Aprice, 6 days at 8d...... 43. od. Carpenters.—William Turner, John Claybroke, Robert Glen, at making ladders 6 and a bridge, with cutting down divers oaks in le ffryth for plankes for the said bridge, 6 days at i8d. ... gs. od. Carnage.—Roger Boolote, for the carriage of 6 cart-loads of timber' from le ffryth to Kerby, at 4d. a load...... as. od. Labourers.— Hawkyn, at laying walls and gathering together stone and plaster, 6 days at 4d.e 2S. od. a The account closes on Lady Day, 1481, the beginning of anew year. Ff. 13 d. and 14 are left blank. * Villat'. ° in regardo, d pro trahend' ffreeston' extra le jiyttez. ' seal'. ' maerem, 8 Hawkyn's wages are here raised from jd. to 4d. a day. 280 LEICESTERSHIRE- ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Waynmen Bordyng. — William Hasselame and Thomas Laundr' for le Bordyng in the said week 2od. Sum 373. od.
MONDAY, 2 APRIL. Dykers. — John Pooell, in le moote, 5 days at 6d. 23. 6d. Hugh Pooell, Jonson, Davy, Nevell, ap Gryf- fytli, Byngham, Hyllon, Gough, 5 days at 2s. 8d. 133. 4d. Gardeners. — Aprice, 5 days at q.d...... 2od. Peyntur, 5 days at 3d.a ...... I5d. Labourers. — Hauken, at laying walls and gath ering together stones and sclates, 5 days at 4d. 2od. Roger Hudson,b 5 days at 3d...... I5d. Purchases. — John Parsons, 12 cartcloutis at id. I2d. Waymmen Bordyng. — For le Bordyng for a week for Laundr' and Haslam, waynmen ... 2od. Carpenters. — Turnere, Claibroke, and Glene, squaring^ divers pieces of timber, 5^ days at i8d., for making a bridge ...... 8s. 3d. Sawyers. — John Mortymer and his fellow,d saw ing divers pieces of timber for Theylls' for the bridge there, 5-^ days at I2d...... 55. 6d.
Sum 385. id. fo< Z 5_ MONDAY, 9 APRIL. Dykers.—Pooell, in le moote, 5-^ days at 6d. ... 2s. gd. Hugh Poell, Nevell, John Heugh,f Davy, Jon son, Byngham, ap Gryfyth, Gough and Hylton, 5^ days at 33...... i6s". 6d. Carpenters. —.Turner, making ladders^ and squaring divers pieces of timbers for Joytts h and for Theylls for the bridge, 3^ days at 6d. ... 2id. Claibroke and Glen, carpenters, 5-^ days at i2d. 55. 6d. Sawyers.— Mortymere and Robert Sare,' saw ing divers timbers for theills for the bridge, 2 days at I2d...... 25. od. Gardeners.—Aprice, 4^ days at 4d., i8d. ; Peyn tur, 5^ days at 3d., i6Jd...... [25. io£d.]
* A fall of a penny a day. b A new man, paid at the rate of 3d. a day to begin with. c circa sqiuirnmc'. a soc'i'. "Thills, i.e. planks and rails. 1 John Hewe or Hughes, already mentioned in the early weekly accounts, e circa Jfactur' le seal'. h Sic : for 'joists.' ' Sare, i.e. Sawyer. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 231
Labourers. — Haukyn and Hudson, cleaning walls and timber3 wiihin the manor, 5^ days at yd. 33. 2^d Carriage. — Roger Bolot, 4 quarters of lime from Arbarough b ...... 14.6. Roger Bowlot, 2 loads of timber from Baron parke, for making the bridge, at 4d. a load ... 8d. Waynmen Bordyng. — Haslam and Launder ... 2od. Sum 383. id. fo. i6d. MONDAY, 16 APRIL. c Dykers. — Pooell, in le moote 4 days ... 2s. od. Hugh Pooell and Gougb. 3 days ...... as. od. Davy, Heughs, Nevell, Jonson, Byngham, Hylton, ap Gryffyth, 4 days ...... gs. 4d. Gardeners. — Aprice, 4 days ...... i6d. Peyntur, 4 days ...... J2d. Carpenters. — Turner, at the bridge and other necessary matters, 3 days ...... i8d. Ralph Jonson and John Fletcher,d 2 days at 6d. each ...... 25. od. Glenne and Claibroke, working with Turner, 3 days ...... 35. od. John Wildwode,0 making 4 whellebaros, 4 days at 5d...... 2od. Labourers. — Haukyn, cleaning divers buildings and walls within the manor, 4 days at 4d. ... i6d. Hudson, at old timber,f 4 days at 3d. ... I2d. Waynmen Bordyng. — Haslame and Laundr' ... 2od.
Sum 273. lod.
Mem. Laundr' and Haslam in part stipend against Easter, 53. each ... los. od.e to. 17 d. Purchase of lime.—John Puree and John Lanne, 29 cartloads of lime at 35. 4d., each cartload [carried] 4 quarters ...... •••£\ I ^s> 8d. Puree and John Browne, 17 loads ... 563. 8d. Lane and Puree, 25 loads ...... ^4 33. 4d. „ 17 loads ...... 563. 8d. Puree and Browne, 15 loads ...... 503. od. Purse and Lane, 30 loads ...... zoos. od. a circa mund' mm' el maerem'. b Possibly this name is due to a confusion between Barough (Barrow-on-Soar) where the lime came from and Erdburgh, the old name of Burrough-on-the-Hill. c The week before Easter. d Two new men. e A new man. ' circ' maerem sen'. i Fo. 17 is blank. 232 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
John Sawee and Thomas Alen, 17 loads ... 563. 8d. Puree and Lanne, 24 loads ...... /4 os. od. „ „ ,, 18 loads, from Barough, at i3d.a a quarter ...... 6os. od. Lanne and Brown, 3 loads ...... IDS. od. Puree and Brown, 30 loads from Barough ... iocs. od. Lane and John Clyff, 24 loads at I3d.b a quarter ...... £4 os. od. Snm £41 IDS. od. fo. 18. Purchase of lime.—Puree, 12 quarters at 7d.c ... 75. od. [Paid for a spade yron, a Shouell yron and a hooke for cutting down le Brynnills d and thorns'3 within the garden there, remaining in the keep ing of Thomas Gardiner, I2d. ij Cartts Ropes bought of JohnSwane at i6d., 2s. 8d. 14 Bowles bought for the masons f (23. id.) and 2 syffeze (2d.) and 100 spykyng (5d.), 100 Bordnaillh (4d.), at the price written above each 1 33. od.] Puree and Lane, 10 loads at 33. 4d. ... 333. 4d. 8 quarters of lime bought at Barough at 7d., carried with the wains k ...... 43. 8d. 3 loads of hay bought at Desford, 6s. 8d. ... 6s. 8d. 8 quarters of lime bought of Puree at 7d. ... 43. 8d. Puree, Lane and William Clyffe, 29 loads, at 33. 4d. with carriage ...... £4 i6s. 8d. Puree and Lane, 24 loads ...... 735. 4d. Puree and Lane, 30 loads, on the feast of the Nativity of St. John Baptist 1 ...... loos. od. Puree and Lane, 36 loads ... £6 os. od. Lane and Puree, 16 loads ...... 535. 4d. Puree and Lane, 26 loads ... ^4 6s. 8d. Puree and Lane, 32 loads ...... io6s. 8d. Puree and Lane, 24 loads, paid Sat. next be fore St. Lawrence"1 ...... £4 os. od. Puree and Lanne, 31 loads ...... 1033. 4d. Puree and Lane, 17 loads ...... 563. 8d.
Sum £46 135. od.
"Sic; but evidently the right sum is lod. a quarter, i.e. the normal 3S. <|d. a load. b Sic; but lod. is right, as in the previous case. ° The next three entries are cancelled, as enrolled elsewhere. The rest of the purchases noted are miscellaneous. d I.e. brambles. e spin'. 'pro lathom'. 8 Sieves. h Spikings are long headless nails ; ' bordnaill' is for ' brodnaill,' already explained. ' precij rtpatet in capite. k l.e. by Haslam and Launder, so that there was nothing to pay for carriage. l l.e. 24 June. ""4 Aug., 1481 : St. Lawrence's day (10 Aug.) fell on a Friday. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 233 fo. i8d. MONDAY, 23 APRIL." Dykers.—Pooell, in le moote, 3 days at 6d. ... i8d. Hugh Pooell, Gough, Nevell, Byngham, Hyl- ton, Apgryfyth, Jonson, Davy, Heughs, 3 days at 33...... gs. od. Gardeners.—A price, 3 days at 4d...... iad. Peyntur, 3 days at 3d...... gd. Labourers.—Hawkyn, cleaning le innercourt, 3 days at 4d...... iad. Hudson, 3 days at 3d...... gd. John Crose,b for dygyng 25 loads of stone on two occasions,0 at-Jd. the load • ...... 12-Jd. Carnage.—Roger Bowlott, for carriage of le olde wode from innercourt to le vttercourt for a day, receiving in gross ...... lod. For carriage of 4 loads of le poowelles d from Barnhous with loyng to Kerby, at carriage of a load, with lovyng vjd...... 2S. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam and Landr' ... 2od.
Sum igs. 6^d. fo. ig. MONDAY, 30 APRIL. Dykers.—Pooell, in le moote, 4 days ... 2s. od. Gough, Hugh Poell, John Huys, Davy, Nevell, Jonson, Apgryfyth, Hylton, Byngham and Lewys William," 4 days at 33. 4d...... 135. 4d. Gardeners.—Aprice and Peyntur, in le moote,f 4 days at 8d...... 2S. 8d. Carpenters. — Turner, Glene and Claibrooke, scapplings le poles et le shouells for Master- mason,11 3 days at i8d...... 45. 6d. Glene and Claybroke, ^ day at 6d. ... 6d. Labourers.—Haukyn and Hudson, cleaning the walls and olde tymbre, 4 days at 8d.' ... 2s. 8d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haselam and Laundre, each boarded at lod...... 2od.
Sum 273.
0 Easter week. b New man. He appears among the rough masons in the following week. c .ijvic'. A Ie scaffold poles. e New man. * They seem to have been working with the ditchers this week and the next. % circa scapul'. h The master-mason seems to have been on the spot since Easter. See next week's account. ' Hudson's wages are raised to 4d. a day. 234 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo. 19 d. MONDAY, 7 MAY. Freemasons.*—Mastermason, surveyor over the stone-masons there,b 24 days at 8d...... i6s. od. Patryk Hagare, apprentice,'24 days at 6cl. ... 125. od. Robert Steynforth, ffremason, per week in gross, 35. 4d. for 2 weeks (sic) ...... 6s. 8d. Rough-masons.* — William Taillour, William Wyso, John Faille, 5 days at i8d...... 7$. 6d. Thomas Sandur, 2 days at 6d...... izd. John Crose, 3 days at 6d...... i8d. Servants of the said masons.—John Stedman and John Boolt, 5 days at 8d...... 35. 4d. Ralph Langton, servant of John Paylle, 2 days at 4d...... 8d. John Graunt, servant of John Crosse, 3 days at 4d...... I2d. Bryke layers.—John Hornne, 6 days at 8d. ... 45. od. Robert Smyth and Robert Tylere, 6 days at iad. 6s. od. John Smythley, William Thomson and Richard Mossye, serving the said breke leyers, 6 days at I2d...... 6s. od. Dykers.—Poell, in le moote, 6 days ... 35. od. Hugh Poell, Jonson, Davy, Nevell, Byngham, Hylton, Apgriffyth, Heves, Gough and William, 6 days at 35. 4d...... aos. od. Gardeners.—Oprice and Peyntore, in le moote, 6 days at 8d...... 45. od. fo. 20. Carpenters.— Turnere, making le Baroos and a fforge, 3^ days at 6d...... 2id. John Glene and Robert 6 Claybroke, making le crowes, shouells and other needful things, 5 days at I2d...... 53. od. Labourers. — Haukyn and Hudson, cleaning timber within the manor, 6 days at 8d. ... 45. od. Bordyng of Waynmen.—Haslame and Launder, foi le Bordyng by week at the house off Thomas Pocok ...... aod. Carriage of sand.z—Ralph Petche, for carriage of 18 lode sand with dygyng, at 2^d. the load ... 33. gd. Roger Bollott, 29 lodes of sand with dyging, at 2^d...... 6s. o$d.
* Lathom' ffre. " supervis1 super latfiom' ibidem. 'aprentic'. A Lathom' Rough. 6 Sic. John is the Christian name previously given. ' apuit. Pocok's yard, mentioned more than once in the accounts, was close to the site. e zabul' THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OP KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 235
Purchases.—j Coolle a (nd.), 4 Barell'hedes for holding mortar"3 (nd.), 1000 ston lathnaill (izd.) 100 clowte naill(2-£d.), iiij hokes(2d.), zoo speny naill (5d.), bought of Peter Yronmonger ... 33. 7-Jd.
Sum u8s. 6d. t , MONDAY, 14 MAY. fo. 20 d. ^ Freemasons.—Steynforth, for 2 weeks in gross, at 35. 4d. per week ...... 6s. 8d. Roughmasons.—Tailloure, Sander, Faille, Crosse, Wysoo, 6 days at 2S. 6d...... 155. od. John Ellesdon,0 mason, i^ days at 6d. ... gd. Labourers.—Boolt, Stedman, Langston, Graunt, Haukyn and Hudson, 6 days at 2S...... 125. od. Carpenters.—Turner, Robert Glene and John Clay broke, 5^ days at le fforge and squaring divers pieces of timber for boards* to be made thereof for scaffoldyng, at 18d...... 8s. 3d. John Squier and Thomas Jonson, at Osbaston wode, scappling and cuttyng divers pieces of timber according to agreement made in gross by John Doylee, as appears by the bill made by the said John Doylee ...... 385. 4d. John Dolee, for overseeing the said carpenters and markeng the said timber, 2 days at 8d. ... i6d. Nicholas Sutton and Ralph Jonson, for scap pling and cuttyng timber at Shepeshed, accord ing to agreement [etc. as before], as appears by the bill by the said John, which remains in the keeping of Ralph Petche .. ... 633. 4d. John Doylye, for surveying the said timber for cuttyng, 2 days ...... i6d. John Doylye, for le markyng divers pieces of timber at Loughtburgh parke, I day ... 8 a Cowl, a large tub. b pro morter ponend'. c New man. A tabull'. e Rathes and cart-ladders are the shelving or framework fixed to the sides and back of a cart respectively. ' A new man. '236 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Gardeners.—Aprice and Peyntvr, with the gar dener, 6 days at 8d...... 43. od. Layers of Bryke.—Horn, 6 days at 8d. ... 43. od. Smyth and Tyler, Troell men,a 6 days at I2d. 6s. od. Smythley, Tomson and Mosye, 6 days at i2d. 6s. od. Carnage of sand.—Ralph Petche, 23 loads with dyging, at 2^d...... 43. Roger Boolot, 17 loads ...... 33. Purchases.— 100 fourpenny naill' bought for le warden for divers necessaries within the manor and for doors and windows in le Bakehous ... Sum £10 35. 8d. fo. 21 d. MONDAY, 21 MAY. Wardyn.^—Steynfforth, in gross ...... 33. 4d. Masons Rough.— Taillour, Wysoo, Crosse, San- dere, Paill, Ellesdon and Roger Roughthorn,c 3-J days at 33. 6d...... 125. 3d. Labourers.—Bolt, Langston, Stedman, John Merven,d Haukyn, Hudson and Graunte, serving the said masons, 3^ days at as. 4d. ... 8s. 2d. Dykers.—Pooell, in le moote, 5 days ... 23. 6d. Davy, Jonson, Poell, Gough, Hewes aud Hyl- ton, 4-^ days at 2S...... gs. od. Nevell, Byngham and Edmund Jonson, 5 days at iad...... 55. od. William and Apgryffyth, 4 days at 8d. ... as. 8d. Carpenters. — Thomas Wynwode,6 making le Whillebarous and a Coortte f for carriage of sand 3 dayS at 5d...... i5d. Gardeners.—Aprice and Peyntur, 4 days and 3 bourse at 8d...... as. lod. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame and Laundr1 ... aod. Payment of the gardener's fee.—Thomas Gardiner, on the feast of St. Mark the evangelist in part payment of the fee of the said Thomas, being in my lord's hire h ...... 203. od. Sum 68s. 8d. * I.e. trowel-men. •> I.?, warden of the masons or keeper of masons' work. ° New man. d New man. c New man. * A cart. 8 or'. A day's work was reckoned at 12 hours. h conduct' cum domiri. St. Mark's day is 25 April. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 237 fo. 22. MONDAY, 28 MAY. Wardyn.—Steynfforth...... 33. 4d. Miisons.—Wysoo, Sander, Paill, Ellesdon and Roger Thornborough,3 4 days at 2s. 6d. ... us. od. Taillour, 3 days at 6d...... i8d. Crosse, 3! days at 6d...... aid. Labourers.—Bolt, Langston, Haukyn, Mervyn, udson, serving the said masons, 4 days at 2od. 6s. 8d. Stedman, servant ot W. Taillour, 3 days at 4d. i2d. Graunt, serving the said masons, 3 days at4d. I2d. Dykers.—Poell, in le mote, 4! days .. 2S. 3d. Hugh Poell, Gough, Jonson, Davye, William, Apgryffyth, Hewes, Nevell, Hylton, Byngham, 4-^ days at 33. 4d...... 153. od. Edmund Jonson, 2 days at 4d...... 8d. John Poell and 4 men keeping watch in le motte for water for a night,b according to agree ment made in gross ...... 2od. Bryke leyers in gross.—Home, for leyng 13,000, in gross, i8d...... igs. 6d. Gardeners.—Peyntour and Aprice, in le garden pleke, 4^ days at 8d...... 33. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam and Launder ,. 2od. Carriage of sand.—Boolot and Petche, 38 loads at 2^d. with dygyng ...... 75. nd. Sum 765. i id. fr>. 22 d. MONDAY. 4 JUNE. Carpenters.—Turner, Cleybroke, Glene, Ralph Jonson, 4£ days at 2s., squaring divers pieces of timber for the bridge and postern over the new Broke and for making the gates and Reylles of the said bridge ...... gs. od. Turner and 2 men, £ day at gd. the ^ day ... gd. Sawyers.—Robert Bagworth and his fellow, sawing timber for theylles for bridge ledges c and other necessaries pertaining to the postern to Newe parke newly made, 2 days at I2d. ... 2S. od. Freemasons.—Steynfforth ...... 33. 4d. Roughmasons.—Taillour, Wysoo, Paill, Crosse, Sander, Elysdon, Roughthorn, 3$ days at 33. 6d. 123. 3d. " Possibly identical with Roger Roughthorn. b vigil' in le motte pro aqua per vri noct'. ' I.e. hand-rails. Q Vol. XI. 238 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Labourers of the said masons.—Bolt, Stedman, Langston, Grauntte, Haukyn, Hudson and Richard Gille," 3^ days at 2s. 4d...... 8s. ad. Mervyn, 3 days at 4d...... J2d. Dykers.—Poell, in le moote, 4 days ... 2s. od. Nevell, Hugh Poell, Davy, Davy Jonson, Heus, GryfFyth, William, Gough, Hylton, Byngham, 3^ days at 35. 4d...... us 8d. Four men for helping at b le moote for water, in gross ...... 8d. Gardeners.—Aprice, Peyntour, 3^ days at 8d. 25. 4d. fo. 23. Labourers cutting down brambles andthorns.c—John Lather and William Smyth, for cutting down brambles in le Golet, 50 loads, receiving for fellyng for each load id., to make a hedge thereof between the place and le new parke ... 45. 2d. For ffellyng and lowyng 23 loads of le Troosse d for stakes and Edrynges" to be made thereof for the said hedge, at 2d...... 33. lod. Carnage of brambles and thorns.—Boolott, Pettche, John Smyth and Margaret Gregore, 48 loads of brambles at 4d...... i6s. od. Bolott and John Cater, 23 loads le trose and edderynges, at 3d., from Barne hoo ... 55. gd. Hedgers,—Thomas Heth and Lawrence Stany- hurst, for making le hedge, according to agree ment in gross ...... IDS. 6d. Purchases.—Robert Smyth, for i kevell, called hammer (8d.), and 4 Schouill Shoune (i6d.) f ... 2S. od. Carriage of sand.—Boolot, 13 loads at aid. ... 2s. 8|d. Petche, 13 loads at 2^d...... as. 8Jd. Leyers of Bryke in gross. — Home, for leying 9,000 Breke, at i8d. per 1,000, in gross ... 135. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Launder and Haslam ... aod. Dygyng rough stone.s—John Tomson, 4 loads... 2d. Sum n6s. 2d. io. 23d MONDAY, n JUNE. Masons.—Steynfforth ...... 33. 4d. Roughmasons.—Taillour, Wyssoo, Paill, Crosse, Ellesdon, Roughthorn, 2j days at 33. ... 75. 6d. Sander, i£ day at 6d...... gd. " New man. b pro aiixili. ' labrator' tucced' spin' et tros'. " I.e. thorns. ' Stakes are the uprights of the fence: edders or edderings the long pliant rods which bind it horizontally. Wright, Dialect Diet., quotes a hedger's saying from the East Riding, while cutting thorns, ' If that weean't mak a steeak, it'll mak a yether.' ' Shovel-shoon. 8 lapiil' Rogli'. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OP KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 239 Servants of the said masons.— Boollt, Stedman, Langston, Graunt, Mervyn, Gill, Haukyn, Hud son, 2£ days at 2s. 8d...... 6s. 8d. Dykers.—Poell, in le moote and for making Cartgates, 3 days ...... i8d. Davy, Hews, Jonson, Hugh Poell, 2^ days at i6d...... 35. 4d. Nevell, 2 days at 4d...... 8d. Gardeners.—Hylton and William,* 2-J days at 8d. 2od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haselame and Launder... aod. Carriage of sand.—Boolotte and Petche, 33 loads at 2-Jd...... 6s. tojd. Purchases with necessary expenses.—Margery Po- koke, for le Gresse for oiling"3 two wains ... I2d. Sum 345. n-Jd. fo- 24. MONDAY, 18 JUNE. Carpenters.—Turner, 5 days, at making trestles, Trayes,c laddes,d and other necessaries for scaf- foldyng to be made therefrom, at 6d. .. 2s. 6d. Claybroke and Glene, 6£ days in 2 weeks, squaring divers pieces of timber for boards and other needful things to be made therefrom, at 12d. 6s. 6d. Freemasons.—Steynfforth ...... 35. 4d. Rough-masons.—Taillore, Wysso, Paill, Crosse, Ellesdon, Roughthorn, 4 days at 33. ... ias. od. Servants of the said masons.—Bolt, Stedman, Langston, Haukyn, Graunt, Gill, Hudson, Mer vyn, 4 days at as. 8d...... los. 8d. Dykers.—Pooel, 3-^ days ...... 2id. Hugh Poell, Jonson, Davye, Hewes, 3-^ days at i6d...... 43. 8d. Nevel, i£ day at 4d...... 6d. Gardeners.—Hylton and William, 3^ days at 8d. 2S. 4d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame and Launder ... 2od. Carnage of sand.—Petche, 15 loads at 2^d. ... 35. i£d. Boolott, 17 loads at 2^d...... 33. 6-Jd. fo. 24d. Bryke leyers.—John Hornne, 21,400 at i8d. ... 325. od. Robert Burrell, 30,000 at i4d...... 355. od. Labourers at dyging stone.— John Wryght, for dyging rough stone for my lord's wains, 10 loads at ^d...... 5d. • Working in the garden for the time being. * pro vnyent'. « Hurdles for scaffolding. d Sic : ladders are meant, 240 LBICBSTEKSHIRB ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Purchases.—John Lokyere, pro 200 nails called fourpeny naill, for making le haukes 3 for lime to be put therein b for the masons, at 4<3. a hundred 8d. Clement Smyth, for a dryvell and a hope c of iron weighing 8 lb., for each pound worked with stillyng,d 26...... i6d. Necessary expenses.—Margaret Gregore, for hay bought for the horse of John Home ... as. od. Margaret Gregore, for hay bought for the horse of master0 masson ...... 3d. A bed f for maistur mason, according to agree ment in gross ...... 6d. For one hors hyre from Kerby to Tattersalle for Robert Steynfforth, riding to fetchs maister masson ...... 8d. Sum £6 55. 5d. 25' MONDAY, 25 JUNE. Freemasons.—John Couper, surveyor, 6 days at 8d...... 45. od. Robert Stanford ...... 35. 4d. Partryke Acer', 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Roughmasons.—Taylour, Whisso, Payll, John Curlesdon,h Crosse, Rowthorn, 2-J days at 33. ... js. 6d. Payll, Crosse, Ellesdon, Rowthorn, £ day at iad...... i2d. Servants 1 of the said masons.— Hawkyn, Hudson, Bolte, Lankeston, Stedman, Mervyn, Grantte, Gyll, 2^ days at 2s. 8d...... 6s. 8d. Hudson, Gyll, Bolte, Langeston, •£ day at 8d. 8d. Dykers.—Poell, 4 days ...... 2s. od. Hugh Poell, Hewes, Davy, Jonson, Nevell, 4 days at 2od...... 6s. 8d. Gardeners.—Hylton, Wyll',k 4 days at 8d. ... 2s. 8d. Bryke leyers. — Robert Berell, John Cosyn, 23,000 le bryke, price of leyeng et wreching,1 i4d. per thousand ...... 263. lod. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haselham, Launder ... 2od. fo. 25 d. Carriage of sand.—Petche, 10 loads at 2-^d. .. 2s. id. Bowlott, 15 loads at 2^d...... 33. i£d. Purchases.—4 pieces of timber called le polles for four corners, for levelyng le erthe within the walls, at 4d...... i6d. 0 Boards used by masons for holding mortar. b inde (sic). c I.e. hoop. * precij lib. operat' cum stillyng (i.e. steeling). • Magist. ' I.e. a set of bed-clothes. B equitand' pro. b Sic. ' Semat.' k I.e. Lewis William. 1 Sic; for werching, i.e. working. THE BUILDING iCOOUNTS OP KIBBY MUXLOE CASTLB. 241 7 hopys a bought for le barelles for putting mor tar therein, at id. ~ ...... yd. Necessary expenses.—Margaret Whatson, for the fare of a horse from Kerby to Alton twice for the surveyor of the carriage of le ffreeston ... 4 Sum 735. io^d. Total for these 14 weeks b ... ^H2 I 7S- 2£d. *0< 2^- MONDAY, 2 JULY. Carpenters. — Tornour, Cleybrokc and Glenne, making le trestels for scafullyng, 2 days at i8d. 33. od. Tornour, Cleybroke, 4 days, making and squar ing divers pieces of timber for ladders for scafold- ing and other necessaries within the place, at I2d. 43. od. Freemasons.—Covvper, surveyor of the works, 6 days ...... 45. od. Stayneford, ffremason ...... 35. 4d. Partrik Aker, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. Walter Grybby,c 12 days at 6d...... 6s. od. Roughmasons.—Taylour, Wysoo, Payll, Elles- don, Crosse, Roughthorn, 4 days ...... 12s. od. Servants of the said masons.—Stedman, Bolte, Langston, Hudson, Grantte, Gyll, 4 days ... 8s. od. Hawkyn, Mervyn, 3 days ...... 2s. od. Labourers.—John Alen, for felling 4 cart-Joads of wood with louyng ...... 8d. John Lather, for collecting le Roddys d for making le herdyls for Scafuldyng, 2^ days at 3d. with his reward ...... 8d. Roger Alen, for le Shedring" of the said Roddes, 4 days at 3d...... i2d. John Haywod, for making Scafold hyrdulles, 4 days at 6d...... as. od. John Lather and Stephen Jefson, at torching 1 le fforge, in gross ...... I2d. fo. 26d. Dyktrs.—Ap Powell, 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. Hugh Ap Powell, Davy, Jonson, Hewes, Nevell, 3 days ...... ,.. 6s. 8d. Gardeners.—Willam,s Hylton, 4 days ... 2s. 8d. " I.e. hoops. b I.e. from Lady day to Midsummer; c A new man. 11 Rods. "Shredding. ' I.e. plastering (cf. French tonliis). * Sic. 242 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Bryke leyers.—Berell, 20,000 bryke leyeng, at I4d...... 235. 4d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Lawnder, Haselham ... 2od. Fees of the said Waynemen.—Hasylham, Lawnder, lor a quarter, 55. each ...... IDS. od. Carnage of sand.—Bowlott, 15 loads at 2^d. ... 35. i-Jd. Petche, 23 loads at 2^d...... 43. g|d. Sum 1055. 5d. fo. 27. MONDAY, 9 JULY. Freemasons.—Couper, 6 days ...... 45. od. Partryk Aker, 6 days...... 35. od. Steyneforth ...... 35. 4d. Couper, as his reward by my lord's command IDS. od. Couper, for going and returning for two days i6d. Roughmasons.—Taylour, Crosse, Payll, Ylles- don, Roughthorn, 6 days at 35.* ...... 155. od. Wysoo, 5 days ...... as. 6d. Servants of the said masons.—Haukyn, Hudson, Bolte, Langeston, Stedman, Grauntte, Gyll, 6 days ...... 145. od. Mervyn, 5 days ...... 2od. Carpenters.—Turnowr, 6 days at 6d. ... 33. od. Hichard Gamull,b 4^ days at 6d...... 2s. 3d. Cleybroke, 5-^ days at 6d...... 2s. gd. Sawyers.—John Mortymer and his fellow, saw ing divers pieces of ash-wood c for scafoldyng, 5 days at I2d...... 55. od. Bryke lyers.—Byrell, 26,000 at I4d. ... 303. 4d. Carriage of plaster.— Bowlott, for carriage of le plaster within the place from le mote Syde to le Oxhouse syde, i day at I2d...... i2d. o. 27 d. Purchases.—350 Clowtenayle at 3d. for le fforge and other necessary matters ...... xojd. 500 stonlath at 4^d...... 2000 stonlathnayle at i4d...... 25. Carriage of sand.—Bowlott, 31 loads at 2^d. ... 6s. Petche, 30 loads at 2^d...... 6s. 3d. Slaters.3—Richard Goddishalfe, upon le fforge, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. John Grene, 5 days at 6d...... 23. 6d. Apprentice of Goddeshalfe, 6 days at 5d. ... 25. 6d. " Sic: as. 6d. is the right sum. i> New man. °/ra,xin.' •> Tegulator'. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 243 Djrkers.—Povfell, at foundations in le Courte for walls and in le mote, 6 days ...... 33. od. Hugh Powell, Davy, Jonson, Nevell, Hews, William and Mores Newborogh,3 6 days at 2s-4d. 143. od. Hylton, i day at 4d...... 4d. Labourers.—Jefson, 4^ days at le fforge Chymp- ney and mending all things for the carriage of divers stores,b at 4d...... i8d. John Wylwod, at making the wall within fforge and for le torchyng the said fforge, 4 days at 5d. 2od. Thomas Hamond, for dyggeng 7 cart-loads of Ston at Bardon hylles, at $d. the load 0 ... yd. Waynmen Bordyng.—Lawnder and Haselham 2od. Sum £7 73. fo. 28. MONDAY, 16 JULY. Ffremasons. — Coupere, 6 days ...... 45. od. Patrike Aker, 6 days ...... 33. od. Steynfforth ...... 33. 4d. Roughmasons. — Wisoo, Crosse, Faille, Ellesdon, Rougthorn, 6 days ...... 153. od. Taillour. 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. Haukyn, Hudson, Gill, Graunt, Stedman, Langston, 6 days ...... 123. od. Servants of the said masons. — Bolt, 4^ days ... i8d. William Nicholson,d 2 days ...... 8d. Brekeleyers in gross. — Byrell and Cosyn, 34,000 at i4d...... 395. 8d. Brekeltrs" per diem. — Robert Norfooke, Henry Cornell, 4 days at 2od...... 6s. 8d. Servants of the said leytrs. — William Home, Richard Mores, 6 days at 8d, ...... 43. od. Richard Owter, 4 days at 4d...... i6d. Carpenters. — Gamull, 4 days, making le shulde f at the end of le Baron,s at 6d...... 2s. od. Claybroke, 6 days ...... 33. od. Waynmen Bordyng. — Hasselame, Launder ... 2od. fo. 28 d. Dykers. — Pooell, in the foundations, 6 days ... 35. ocl. Hugh Poell, Hewes, Davy, Jonson, Newbo- rough, Nevell, William, 6 days ...... 143. od. * A new man. b staur.' ° Sic ; the correct amount is id. d New man. ' Sic. l The shulde, shold, etc., is the shed erected for the use of the freemasons. i I.e. the Baron park. The site of the shed is called Baron yend below. 244 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Hylton, 5 days ...... aod. Carriage of sand,—Bolott, 36 loads at 2-Jd ... 75. 6d. Petche, 18 loads at 2-Jd...... 35. gd. Labourers.—Thomas Gardiner's wife, for clean ing le Shold lying full ofa le plaster carried from Baron yend to Je vtter palle,b in gross ... iad. Purchases.—John Lokyer, 200 fivepeuy naill bought from him for Scaffoldyng for leyers le Bryke at 56...... lod. 100 fourpeny naill bought for the same work 4d. Sum £6 135. gd.' fo. 2g. MONDAY, 23 JULY. Ffremasons.—Couper ...... 45. od. Apprentice, 6 days ...... 33. od. • Roughmasons.—Taillour, Wysoo, Paill, Croosse, Ellesdon, Roughthorn, 3^ days at the foundations IDS. 6d. Servants of the said masons.—Stedman, Bolt, Langston, Gill, Haukyn, Hudson, Graunt, Nich- olson, 3-£ days ...... gs. 4d. Bryke leyers by the day.A—John Home, 4 days at 8d...... 2s. 8d. John Prentes, 4 days at 6d...... 2s. od. Henry Cornell, 2 days at 6d...... I2d. Thomas lernyng," i£ days at 6d...... gd. Servants.—William Tomson, John Hares, John Norfolke, servants of the said leyers, 4 days at I2d...... 45. od. Breke leyers in gross.—Cosyn, Borelle, 15,000 breke at I4d...... 173. 6d. Carnage of sand.—Boolott, 23 loads at 2-Jd. ... 45. gid. Petche, 25 loads at 2$d...... 55. 2-Jd. Waynmen Bordyng.—Hasselame, Launder ... 2od. fo. 2g d. Dyhers.-— John Pooell, in le ffoundacion, 4 days 2s. od. Hugh Poell, Jonson, William, Hylton, Nevel, Hewe, Newborougli, 3^ days ...... 8s. 2d. Purchases.—4 cart-loads of straw for covering le Sliold made f for le ffremason and for putting ffreston therein,^ at I4d...... 45. 8d. " pleri cum. b i.e. the outer pale or palisade. The original has Vx' Thome Gardin' pro mundac' le Shold' jacenf pleri cum le plaster cariat a Baron'yend'vsque le vtter'palle. c The sum should be £6. 125. 5d. There is an error of is. 4d. d par le Jour. ' Possibly a surname, but more probably ' learning the trade,1 i.e. an apprentice. 'jfactttr' (sic]. 6 pro jjreston inter ponend'. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 245 An iron spade, an iron shovell and a hoke a for cutting down the thorns and Brymulles within the garden there, remaining in tlie keeping of Thomas Gardiner ...... I2d. 2 Carte Ropes bought of John Swane, at i6d. 2s. 8d. 14 Boolles (as. id.) bought for the masons, 2 Syffez b (2d.), 100 spykyng (5d.), 100 Bordnaill (4d.), as appears above each item c ...... $s. od. Snm £"4 73. i id. fo. 30. MONDAY, 30 JULY. Ffremasons. —Steynfforth, ij week ... 53. od. Roughmasons.—Crosse, Elysdon, Roughthorn, Faille, 5^ days ...... us. od. Taillour, 5 days ...... as. 6d. Wyssoo, 4^ days ...... 23. 3d. Servants of the said masons.—Boolt, Langston, Hudsson, Graunt, Stedman, Gill, 5^ days ... us. od. Bryke leyers in grass.—Cosyii, Byrell, 27,000 at I4d...... 313. 6d. Bryke leyers per diem.—John Home, 6 days ... 43. od. Robert Norffoke, j Trowell man, 6 days at 6d. 33. od. 3 labourers serving the said John Home, 6 days at izd...... 6s. od. Carpenters.—Claibroke and Gamull, 5 days at making leShoolde and for felling timber, at I2d. 53. od. Labourers.—Haukyn, at receiving le Bryke of John ffaxe, 6 days at 4d...... as. od. Stephen ffletcher,d for dyging 16 cart-loads of sand at $d. for my lord's wains ...... 8d. John Latthere, for torching le gouell de Ox- hous,e in gross ...... 6d. fo. 3od. Dykers.—John Poell, 6 days ...... 33. od. Hugh Poell, Davye, Jonson, Hewes, Nevell, William, Hylton, Newborough, 5^ days at squar ing the sides of le moote in presence of Davy Bell' ...... 143. 8d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Hasselame, Launder ... 2od. Carriage of sand.—Petche, 24 loads at 2-Jd. ... 53. od. Bowlot, 8 loads at 2^d...... 2od. "I.e. a hook. * I.e. sieves. c vtpatet in capite. a New man. e I.e. the ox-house gable. 'circa square' (sic) later' le moote cor' Davy Bell. 246 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Purchasis.—William Pagwode, a little cart with two Whilles like le ffrench Cartes," newly made, 55. 6d...... 55. 6d. Christopher Smyth, for an axultre for the said cart, 6d...... 6d. Sum n6s. 3d. Stipend.—Thomas Gardiner, in part payment of his stipend, on the feast of St. James ... 205. od. fo_ 3j MONDAY, 6 AUG. ffremasons.—Coupere, overseer of the masons, 6 days ...... 45. od. Steynfforth, warden b ...... 35. od. Patric Aker, apprentice to John Cowper, by week 35...... 35. od. Roughmasons. — Wyssoo, Paill, Crosse, Eles- don, 4^ days...... gs. od. Taillour, 3-^ days ...... aid. Routhorn, 4-J days ...... 2S. 3d. Servants of the said masons.—Langston, Boolt, Stedman, Hudson, Graunt, Gill, William Burde- wous, Henry Burton,c \\ days ...... 123. od. Brykeleyers in gross.—Birell, Cosyn, 20,000 at i4d...... 235. 4d. Bryktltyers per diem,— Home, 5 days at 8d. 35. 4d. Norfolke, 5 days at 6d...... 2s. 6d. Servants of the said leyers.—Thomson, Richard Nuttyng, William Prentes, 5 days at I2d. ... 55. od. Labourers.—Haukyn, 4^ days ...... i8d. Robert Vnthanke,d 3^ days at mending the road ...... I4d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Launder ... 2od. fo. 31 d. Carpenters.— Gamull, at making le Sholde for ffreston, 4^ days at 6d...... 2s. 3d. Dykers.—John Pooell, in le ffound' and for the side ofe le moote in presence of Davy Belle, 5 days 2s. 6d. Hugh Poell, Davye, Jonson, Nevell, Hewes, Newborough, William, Hilton, 4^ days ... 123. od. * It is not clear whether a special kind of cart, known as a French cart, is referred to, or whether a two-wheeled cart, or carts, made by a French man and already used on the estate, are meant. b Steynforth appears as custos, i.e. keeper or warden of the works, taking the master-mason's place as overseer in his absence, Cf. the epitaph in the north transept of Melrose abbey church : John Morow sum tym callit was I | and born in Parysse certainly | and had in kepyng al Masoun werk | of Santandroys the hye Kyrk, etc. ° Burdewous and Burton both appear for the first time. d New man. e I.e. for squaring the side of, as in the previous week. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIKBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 247 Carriage of sand.—Bowlott, Petche, 40 loads at aid...... 8s. 4d. Carriage ofleffnston.—Margaret Watson, i load from Alleton...... i6d. John ffletcher, 2 loads from Halton, with 8d. to 2 labourers ...... 35. 4d. Sum 1035. yd. fo. 32. MONDAY, 13 AUG. ffremasons.—Cowper, 6 days ...... 45. od. Patryke Aker, by day 6d...... 33. od. Steynfforth ...... 33. 4d. Brekeleytrs in gross.—Byryll, Cosyn, 14,000 ... 163. 4d. Brykeltyersper diem.—Home, 4^ days at 8d. ... 33. od. Norffolke, j Trowell man, 4^ days at 6d. ... 2s. 3d. 3 servants, 4^ days at I2d. for their service to the said Breke men ...... 43. 6d. Roughtmasons.—Taillour, 3 days ...... i8d. Wysoo, Paill, Crosse, Yllesdon, Roughthorne, 4^ days ...... us. 3d. Servants of the said masons.—Stedman, Bolt, Langston, Graunt, Hudson, Burdewes, Gill, Burton, 4^ days ...... I2S. od. Labourers.—Hawkyn, for receiving le Brike from John ffauxe, 4i days ...... i8d. Ysabell Lathere, for bringing straw a for cover ing le Sholld, in gross ...... 7d. Stephen ffletcher, for le dyging 38 loads of sand for the wains ...... i6£d fo 32 d Dykers.—John Poell, 5 days ...... 23. 6d. Hugh Poell, Davy, Heus, William, Hilton, Nevell, 4t days ...... gs. od. Jonson, 3-J days ...... i4d. Newborough, 4 days...... i6d. Purchases.—12 Cartclowttes at i^d.; 2d. for Erodes; 100 iiij peny nail) ...... 23. od. Carriage of le Trouse.—John Grenewey, 7 loads le trows at 4d...... 23. 4d. Carnage of sand.—Boolot, 10 loads ... 2s. id. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haselame, Launder ... 2od. Sum /4 6s. • pro trahend' stramiri. 248 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. to. 33. MONDAY, 20 AUG. ffremasons.—Cowpere, 6 days ...... 43. od. Patrike Aker, 6 days ...... 35. od. Steynfforth ...... 35. 4d. Rob. Bardall," 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Brekeleyres per diem.—Hornne, 5 days ... 35. 4d. John Norffolke, Trowelman, 5 days ... 2S. 6d. 3 labourers, 5 days at 126...... 55. od. Brykeleyres in gross.—Cosyn, Byrell, 18,000 .. 2is. od. Carpenters.—Gamull, i^ day ...... gd. Ralph Jonson, Nicholas Sutton, by an agree ment made by John Doyley in gross, for cutting and scappling 180 logs in Osbaston Odes £1 i8s. 4d. b Thomas Wryght of Huckelscotte, for cutting and scappling 41 logs with 7 quarters of stokes c in readiness for the sawyers, by agreement made in gross by John Doley, as appears by the bill made by the said John, which remains in the keeping of R. P.d ...... 245. od. Sawyers.—John Mortymer, Robert Sare,e 3^ days at sawing le Waynscottes for moldes to be made therefrom, at I2d...... 35. 6d. Carnage of le Sande.—Bowlott, John fflctcher, 44 loads ...... 95. 2d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Launder ... 2od. fo. 33d. Dykers.—John Pooell, 4 days ...... 2s. od. Pooell, Davy, Jonson, Nevel, William, New- borough, Hewes, Hylton, at le Brooke kestyng,f 4 days ...... IDS. 8d. Roughmasons. — Tailloure, Wyssooe, Paille, Crosse, Elysdon, Roughthorne, 4 days ..- 123. od. Servants of the said masons.—Stedman, Langston, John Staunton.e Gill, Hudson, Burdewous, Bur ton, 4 days ...... 95. 4d. Bolt, i day ...... 4d. * Bardall or Bardalf is a new man. In Mr. George Farnham's collection of extracts from the Plea rolls there is a note of a suit brought before the justices of the common bench, at Hilary 1477-8, by John Makestoke and Joan his wife against Robert Bardoll of Loughborough, freemason, their plea being that Robert had assaulted Joan at Loughborough (Rot. De Banco 865. m. 220). It seems highly probable that this is the same man. * Written iiij marc' vs. " Stokes = Stocks. « R.P. is Ralph Petche, In the margin is a note relating to this and the previous entry : De quibus sol' xl s. It' al' vie' xlijs. iiijd, i.e. the sum of £4 2s. 4d., was paid in a first disbursement of 403., and in a second of 423. 4d. e Sare probably = Sawyer, the man's trade-surname. ' Kestyng = casting, i.e. making a course for the brook. • New man. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 249 Labourers.—Haukyn, at receiving le Bryke'from Job. ffauxe, 4 days ...... i6d. John Lather, Stephen Jefson, for cutting le Rodes for Scaffoldyng and fellyng le trouus for mending the road for carriage of leStaur, in gross 33. od. Jefson, for Shredyng the said rods for scafold- yng, in gross ...... i6d. John Heywode, for making le Hyrdulles for scafoldyng, 4 days at 6d...... 2s. od. Carnage.—5 loads le Roodes at 4d. ... aod. Necessary expenses.—Alan Smyth, for le Shap- pyng a ffremason axe and cheselles, in gross ... .yd. Purchases.—John Lokyer, 100 iiijpeny naill and 2 Waynscottes bought for moldes to be made therefrom for the masons, at 16d.b ...... 35. od. Sum £9 93. lod. fo. 34. MONDAY, 27 AUG. ffremasons.—Couper, 2 days ...... i6d. Couper, for going and returning, 2 days ... i6d. Cowper, as a reward by my lord's command... los. od. Patryke Aker, 2 days...... I2d. Steynfforth ...... 35. 4d. Robert Bardalf, 6 days ...... 33. od. Roughmasons. — Crosse, Faille, John Elsye,c Roughthorne, 5 days ...... IDS. od. Servants of the said masons.—Boolt, Richard Hancok,d Burton, Burdewous, Hudson, 5 days 8s. 4d. Graintt," 4 days ...... i6d. Bredeyersper diem.—Home, 4 days ... 2s. 8d. John Norffolke, Trooelman, 5 days ... 2s. 6d. John Jonson, William Blenkerd, John Nut- tyng, servants of the said breke leyers, 5 days ... 55. od. Brykeleyers in gross.—Byrell, Cosyn, 17,000 ... igs. lod. Dykers.—John Powell, 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. Davye, Jonson, Hugh Poell, Nevell, Heus, Hilton, Newborough, in le fondacions, 5 days ... us. 8d. William, i day ... • ... 4d. fo. 34 d. Carpenters.—Turner, Claybroke, io£ days in 2 weeks at cutting and scappling polles for le scaf- foldyng, at i2d...... ••• ios. 6d. Purchases.—. Petche, 13 poles for scafoldyng at 2d...... ••• 2s. 2d. * Sic: for sharpyng. b The wainscots of which the sawing is accounted for above. c New man. a New man. ' Sic. 250 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Henry Grene, 500 stone lath for le fforge at Davy Bell, 6 whelbarous at 7d...... 33. 6d. Davy Bell, 6 schouell shone 3 at 4d. ... 2s. od. Davy Bell, i mattoke ...... lod. 300 Bordnaille at 4d. (i2d.), 500 stonlath naill at i^d. (7£d.) ...... ig£d 4 pair of chains for the doors of le Sholde, at ...... as. ad. 3 dosen Ropes for scafoldyng at 6d. ... i8d. Labourers. — Roger Gaillerd, for wattelyng and Thacyng le Shool for le ffremasons, in gross ... 35. 8d. Richard Gill, working within the place at lay ing down walls, 5 days at 4d...... 2od. Jefson, for le Torchyng of the said Shold, in gross ... .., ... .. 2od. Lather, for cutting rods in le Baronparke for making hyrdulles therefrom for scafoldyng for le Tourres, 2 days at 4d...... 8d. Carriage of le Sand. — Boolot, 19 loads ... 33. n£d ffletcher, 10 loads ...... as. id. Carnage. — Roger Alen, for carriage of 3 loads of rods from Baron parke, at 4d...... iad. Waynmcn Bordyng. — Haslame, Launder ... aod. Sum £6 6s. 8Jd. fo. 35. MONDAY, 3 SEPT. ffremasoHs.—Steynforth ...... 33. 4d. Bardalf, 6 days ...... 33. od. Roughmasons.—Taillour, Crosse, Elsye, 4^ days 6s. gd. Wyso, Roughthorn, 3$ days ...... 33. 6d. Paill, 3 days ...... i8d. Servants of the saidmasons.—Bolt, Stedman, Hud son, Graunt, Hancoke, Burdewous, 4* days ... gs. od. Langston, 3-J days ...... i4d. Burton, 3 days ...... iad. Brekeleyersper diem.—Home, 4^ days ... 35. od. Robert Norfolke, 4^ days ...... 25. 3d. 3 labourers, serving the said Breke leyers, 4$ days ...... 43. 6d. Brekeleyers in gross.—Byrell, Cosyn, 18,000 ... ais. od. Dykers.—Pooell, 4^ days ...... as. 3d. • Shovel shoon, i.e. shoes or iron blades for shovels. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 251 Poell, Jonson, Davy, Nevell, Hylton, Hewes, Newborough, 4^ days ...... IDS. 6d. Davy Rotheley," 3 days ...... iad. fo. 35 d. Carnage of sand.—Petche, 12 loads ... 2s. 6d. Boolott, 15 loads ...... 33. i-Jd. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Robert Sare, sawing two pieces of le aspes b for windows to be made there from as windows for le Sholde, 2 days at i2d. ... as. od. Labourers.—Haukyn, 4^ days at laying down walls in the kitchen and the chimney c ... i8d. Stephen ffletcher, for dyging 33 loads of sand for carriage by my lord's wains at £d. ... i6^d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam and Launder ... 2od. Sum £4, 55. i id. Mem.—Pooell, as his reward by my lord's command ...... 6s. 8d. fo. 36. MONDAY, 10 SEPT. ffremasons.—Steynforth ...... 35. 4d. Bardalf, 6 days ...... 33. od. Roughmasons.—Taillour, Wysoo, Paill, Rough- thorn, 5 days ...... IDS. od. Crosse, Elsy d ...... 43. od. Servants of the said masons.—Stedman, Boolt, John 6 Langston, Graunt, Burdewous, Burton, William Nuttyng, Hancok, Hudson, 5 days ... 153. od. Breke leyers per diem.—Home, 5 days ... 35. 4d. Robert Norfolke, 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. John Tomson, William Blenckerd, John Jonson, 5 days ...... 55. od. Brekeleyers in gross.—Berell, Cosyn, 18,000 ... 2is. od. Carpenters.—Turner, at making a chamber at the end of le Oxhous for the works/ 4 days ... 2s. od. Cleybroke, 7 days in 2 weeks ...... 33. 6d. Glene, 8 days in 2 weeks ...... 43. od. Carriage of sand.—Boolott, 15 loads ... 35. i£d. ffletcher, 24 loads ...... 53. od. "New man. " I.e. two logs of aspen wood were sawed up for the window frames of the freemasons' shed. c Circ' deponend' muros in Coqiri et Gamin'. The foundations of a new kitchen and fireplace are meant. d For four days: the period of time omitted. ' Sic. ' circ'ffactur' j Carrier' in fin' le Oxhous pro fabric'. Thefabrica or ' works ' is a general term used primarily for the fabric itself, then applied to the financial assets of the fabric, and so to an office, as in the present instance, where the accounts were kept and the workmen were paid. 252 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo. 36d. Dykers.—John Ap Hooell, 5 days...... 2s. 6d. Hugh Ap Hooell, Neuell, Davy, Heus, Jonson, Hylton, Newborough, William, 5 days ... 135. 4d. Heus, Nevell, for watching for water, 2 nights' in gross ...... -• i2d. Labourers.—Hudson, 4 days, for leceiving Breke from John ffauxe ...... i6d. Stephen ffletcher, for dyging 28 loads of sand at Jd...... 14^. Purchases.—Petche, for 12 Justes" bought for the chamber at the end of le Oxehous, at 4d. ... 43. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Launder ... 2od. Sum IOQS. g-Jd. 37- MONDAY, 17 SEPT. ffremasons.—Steynfforth ...... 35. 4d. Bardalf, 6 days ...... 35. od. Brekleytrs per diem.— Home, 5 days ... 35. 4d. John Norfolke, 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. 3 labourers serving the said leyers, 5 days ... 55. od. Brtkeleyers in gross.—Byrell, Cosyn, 25,000 ... 293. 2d. Roughmasons.—Taillour, Wysoo, Crosse, Paill, Elsy, Roughthorn, 5 days ...... 155. od. Servants of the said layers. — Stedman, Ralph Langston, Boolt, Burton, Hancoke, Burdewous, William Wotton,b Graunt, 5 days ...... 135. 4d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Launder ... 2od. Dykers.c—Davy Jonson, 5 days, for making lime placez d ...... 2od. Labourers.— Hudson, at receiving le Bryke, 5 days ...... 2od. Stephen ffletcher, for dyging 38 loads of sand, at |d...... igd. Davye, Jonson, Nevell, for watching for water 2 nights ...... 8d. Jefson, for torchyng and fflorthyng e the cham ber at the end of the Oxhous, in gross ... 35. 4d. Necessary expenses.—For Shappyng le ffremasons axus f ...... d. • Joists, floor-boards. h New man. « After this week the ' dykers' disappear. Several of them appear later among the labourers. d Places for depositing lime. • 'fflorthyng ' = flooring, 'Sic. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIBBY MUXLOB CASTLE. 253 Carriage of sand.—fftetcher, 20 loads ... 4.3. ad. Boolott, 25 loads .., ...... 53. a£d. Purchases.—6 Ib. pike,a 5d., for smearing bandes; 100 nails, 5d...... iod. Sum ^4 i6s. o-Jd. fo. 37 d. MONDAY, 24 SEPT. ffremasons.—Steynforth ...... 33. 4d. Bardalf, 6 days ...... 33. od. Couper, 6 days ...... 43. od. Partryke Aker, 6 days ...... 33. od. Roughmasons.—Taylour, Wysoo, Elsy, Crosse, Roughthorn; Payle, 5 days ...... 153. od. Servants of the said masons.—Langston, Bolt, Burton, Grauntt, Stedman, Hankkok, Burdews, William, Hoton,b 5 days ...... 133. 4d. Brekeleyersper diem.—Home, 5 days ... 33. /jd. Robert Norfolk, Trowelman, 5 days ... as. 6d. Servants of the said Breke leyers.—Richard Jonson, William Blengker, John Roger,c 5 days ... 53. od. Brekeleyers in gross.—Cousyn, Burell, 18,000 .. a is. od. Labourers.— John Hay wood, -for making le hyrdels for Skafoldyng, 4 days at 6d. ... as. od. Roger Couper, for le Shredyng le Roddys for the said Hyrdels, a days at 4d...... 8d. Roger Hudson, at receiving le Breke from John ffaux, 5 days at 4d...... aod. fo. 38. Labourers (continued).6—Hawkyn, 3 days at tak ing down walls within the place ...... i2d. Stephen ffletcher, at le dygheng sand for my lord's wains in gross, 24 loads at -Jd. ... i2d. Waynemen Burdyng.— Hasellam, Christopher Dykenson c...... aod. Stipend of le Waynemen.—Haselam, Dykenson, for half a year ...... 2os. od. Carriage of sand.—Boolott, 36 loads ... 73. 6d. » Pitch. b Sic : for Wotton. c New man. d Adhue labor'. e New man, superseding Launder. B Vol. XI. 254 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Purchases. — John Watson, g cart-loads of stubble" at i2d., for covering le Towres and the new walls there b ...... gs. od. Sum n8s. od. TOTAL FOR THESE 12 WEEKS' ... £j6 143. 5^d. fo. 38 d. MONDAY, i OCT. ffremasons.—Couper, 6 days ...... 43. od. Partryk Aker, 6 days ...... 35. od. Steynforth...... 35. 4d. Bardalf, 6 days ...... 35. od. Roughmasons.—Wysoo, Payle, Crosse, Rough- thorn, 6 days ...... i2s. od. Taylour, 5-^ days ...... 2S. gd. Elsy, 5 days ...... 2S. 6d. Servants of the said masons.—Langston, Boltte, Burton, Grauntt, Stedman, Hancok, Burdews, 6 days ...... 145. od. Breke leyersper diem.—Home, 6 days ... 45. od. Richard Johnson, William Blenker, John Roger, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Robert Norfolk, 6 days ...... 35. od. Breke lyers in gross.—Cousyn, Burell, 28,000 ... 323. 8d. Labourers.—Haukyn, 6 days at laying down walls within the place ...... 2s. od. Hudson, at receiving le breke from John ffaux 6 days ...... 2S. od. Stephen ffletcher, for dyuggyng d 34 loads of sand ...... Jjd. fo. 39. Waynemen Bordyng.—Haselam, Dykenson ... 2od. Carriage of sand.—Boolot, 38 loads ... js. nd. Carriage of timber.—-William Sare, 4 loads from Byrdisnest at 3d...... i2d. Necessary expenses.—Robert Smyth, for working 100 Ib. of iron, to wit, for hokys, bandes and a meltyng panne for lead and other necessaries, in gross ...... 55. od. To same, for Sharpyng 6 dozen Axys with Chesels ...... I2d. 3 Slifitl'. b I.e. at the approach of autumn and winter. c I.e. from Midsummer to Michaelmas. " .Sir. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 255 Purchases.—Richard Smith, for 2 keys, to wit, a key for the garden gate and another key for the door of the chamber in the apple-orchard" at 2d. 4d. 500 vpeny Nayle, 2s. id.; 500 iiijpeny Nayle, 2od.; 500 stonelalh Nayle, 6d. ; 500 Seme Nayle,b isd...... 53. 6d. Sum n8s. id. fo. sg d. MONDAY, 8 OCT. ftremasons. — Couper, 6 days ...... 43. od. Patryk Aker, 6 days ...... 33. od. John Lyle,c 6 days, in gross ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalff, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Roughmasons. — Crosse,Elsy, Roughthorn^days 6s. od. Payle, 3 days ...... i8d. Servants of the said masons. — Grauntt, Langston, Burton, Stedman, Hancok d ...... 6s. 8d. Bolte, 3 days ...... iad. Breke ley ers per diem. — Home, 5 days ... 33. 4d. Norfolk, 5 days ...... as. 6d. Jonson, Blenker, Roger, labourers, 5 days ... 53. od. Breke leyers in gross. — Burell, Cousyn, 15,000 ... iys. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng. — Haslam, Dyconson ... 2od. fo "pro ij Clau', videl't vn' clan' pro host' Gam' (sic) ft at clau' pro hostio Cam pomar'. Garri is probably for gardiri. b Nails for clinching rivets. CA new man appears as warden, Stainforth being reduced to day wages. Lyle, who apparently was an Ashby man, controlled the freemasons' work during'the final period of building. d For four days ; period of time omitted. e This passage gives the first clue to the place to which the master-mason belonged. Tattershall is clearly to be identified with ' home ' in the next entry. 256 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Cowper, 2 days on his way homeward 2 from Kerby ...... i6d. Lyle, 6 days ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Patricke Aker, 6 days ...... 33. od. Rough-masons.—Faille, Elsye, Crosse, Rough- thorn, 4 days ...... 8s. od. Servants of the said masons.— Boolt, Burton, Haukyn, William Whootton, Graunt, Burde- wowes, 4 days ...... 8s. od. Labourers.—Hudson, Simon Philip,13 4 days ... 2s. 8d. Thomas Pakewode, for axullyng 2 wains .. 8d. Wages.—Thomas Gardiner, i quarter ... 2os. od. Carriage of timber.—Cooles, 10 loads called le quarter blookes,c at 3d., from Birdesnest ... 2s. 6d. fo. 41. Brekeleyers in gross.—Berell, Cosyn, 12,500 ... 143. jd. Breke leyers per diem.— Home, 5 days ... 33. 4d. Norfolke, 5 days ...... 23. 6d. Richard Jonson, 5 days ...... 2od. Blenckerd, John Tomelynson, 4 days ... 2s. 8d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Dykonson ... 2od. Carriage of sand.—Bovvlott, 16 loads ... 33. 4d. Sum £4. igs. 3d. fo. 41 d. MONDAY, 22 OCT. ffremasons. — Lyly ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, 6 dajs ...... 6s. od. Roughmasons. — Croose, Elsy, Payle, Roughthorn, 4 days ...... 8s. od. Servants offhe said masons. — Boolt, Burdewous, Graunt, Hancoke, Whotton, Burton, 4 days ... 8s. od. Breke leyers per diem. — Home, 6 days ... 43. od. Norfoolke, 6 days ...... 35. od. Blenkerd, John Jonson, Richard Wylkyns,d 6 days ...... 6s. od. Brekeleyers in gross. — Byrell, 12,500 ... 143. jd. Labourers. — Symon Philip, Hudson, 6 days ... 43. od. Bolt, William Broune,0 Graunt, Hancok, Hau kyn, Burton, William Richardson,' John Peyn- tour, Richard Brown, B 2 days at cleaning walls within the place 6s. od. " eund' domon'. b New man. Blookes = blocks. a e r K New men. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OP KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 257 Necessary expenses. — Robert Smyth, for working 28 Ib. of iron in hokes and other things needful, in gross ...... ^d. For Sharpyng 9 dosen Axes, at 2d. ... i8d. Waynemen BorAyng. — Haslame, Dyconson ... 2od. Sum 675. 4d. TOTAL FOR THESE FOUR WEEKS* ... £ 17 143. 3d. fo. 42. TOTAL SUM OF THE PAYMENTS BY RALPH PETCHE AND ROGER BOWLOTT TO DIVERS MEN AND OTHERS, AS APPEARS IN THE FOREGOING, IN THE MATTER OF BUILDING THE MANOR OF KERBY, DONE BY ORDER OF SIR WILLIAM HASTYNGGES, KNIGHT, BEGINNING THE 230 DAY OF THE MONTH OF OCTOBER IN THE 2OTH YEAR OF THE REIGN OF KING EDWARD IT. UNTIL THE 28TH DAY OF THE MONTH OF OCTOBER IN THE 21ST YEAR OF THE SAID OUR LORD THE KING, THAT IS TO SAY, FOR A WHOLE YEAR: £330 3s. od. fo. 42 d. MONDAY, 29 OCT. NEXT BEFORE THE FEAST OF ALL SAINTS IN THE 2IST YEAR OF THE REIGN OF KING EDWARD IV. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Breke leyers per diem.—Norfolk, 2 days, for level- yng a tour b ...... iad. Necessary expenses. — Margaret Whatson, for grece for le Waynes Whelys ...... i2d. Agnes c Tydder, for candles bought from her for le Watchyng about the ox-house d ... • 4d. John Persons, for le Carte Clowtes for the wains ...... , ... I2d. Waynemen Bordyng.—Haslame, Dyconson ... 2od. Labourers.—Hudson, Peyntour, Grauntt, Wil liam Nycolson, Burton, Hancok, at covering the walls, 4 days at i8d.e ...... 6s. od. Simon Phelyp, 2 days at 3d...... 6d. William Blenker, 3^ days at 3d. ... io^d. a The.four weeks from Monday, i Oct., completing the first year of work. b The bricklayers stop work this week. ° Angnet'. " circ' Mm, i.e. circa bavarian. * The labourers' day-wages are reduced for the winter to 3d. each. 258 LlilCKBTUiiSlUUE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. John Halle, z\ days at 3d...... Stephen ffletcher, for Dyggeng 41 loads of sand Sum 245. 43. MONDAY NEXT AFTER THE FEAST OF ALL SAINTS, 5 Nov. ffremasons. — Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf [6 days] ...... 6s. od. Laboureys. — Hudson, Peyntour, Grauntte, Ny- colson, Burton, Hancok, John Rye, Richard Poole," 6 days, at cleaning paths, etc., within the place ...... I2S. od. Purchases. — Clement Smyth, for making a trauel for trasyng le ffreeston, bought by John Lyle ... i6d. Waynemen Bordyng. — Haslame, Dyconson ... aod. Sum 245. 4d. fo. 43 d. MONDAY, 12 Nov. ffremasons.—Lyle, Steynforth, Bardalf, 6 days gs. 4d. Purchases.—William Samon, for 2 foldes le her- dyls bought for the covering of the walls, at 33. 4d. le fold ...... 6s. 8d. John Whalson, for i load of stubble for the said walls ...... I2d. Labourers.— Hudson, Helsy, Bolte, Grauntt, Nycolson, Simon Phelyp, Burton, at making paths, 4 days at 2id...... 75. od. John Latther, forgathering rods in Baron Park to make hyrdels thereof ...... iod. For drawing 10 loads of stubble ...... 2od. Roger Gaylard, for covering 15 the said 10 loads of stubble and 4 loads of le ffern upon le Towres, in gross ...... 6s. 8d. Waynemen Bordyng.— Haslame, Dyconson ... 2od. Sum 343. iod. fo. 44. MONDAY, 19 Nov. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. " Rye and Poole, both new men. b tectiir', i,e., the stubble and bracken were used by Gaylard to thatch the unfinished towers for the winter. . THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLK. 259 Carpenters.—Richard Gamull, at making a gate at Copelane for the carriage of stone and other things needful, in gross ...... 8d. Waynemen Bordyng.—Haslame, Dyconson ... aod. Labourers.—John Halle, Hudson, Nycholson, 6 days ...... 43. 6d. Bolte, Grauntt, 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. Elsy, Phelyp, 4 days ...... 23. od. Sum 2os. 8d. fo> 44d' MONDAY, 26 Nov. ffretnasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Labourers.—Bolte, Elsy, Grauntt, Phelyp, Hud son, Nycholson, Halle, 4 days ...... 73. od. Waynemen Bordyng.—Haslame, Dyconson ... 2od. Sum 18s. od. fo. 45. MONDAY, 3 Nov.a ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, 5 days ...... 53. od. Labourers. — Elsy, Bolt, Graunt, Nycolson, Hud son, Philyp, 4 days, at coching le sclattes and stone b ...... 6s. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Dyconson ... 2od. Sum i6s. od. MONDAY, 10 DEC. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardallf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Labourers.—Elsy, ffilyp, Hudson, Nicholson, Graunt, 6 days ...... 73. 6d. John ffletcher, for mending a path about Henry ffauxe Buske c ...... i2d. Purchases.— John Smyth, for j muke fforke bought from him for le ffarmyng ...... 4d. Waynien* Bordyng.—Haslam, Dyconson ... 2od. Sum igs. lod. 1 Sic : December is meant, of course. b I.e., couching, laying together, the slates and stone brought for the building. c Buske or bosk = a. little wood or thicket. d Sic. 260 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo. 45 d. Carriage of h ffreston.—John ffletcher of Newton, 4 loads from Aleton" at i6d...... 55. 4d. John ffletcher of Newton, John Howson, John Hunt, Robert Jakes, 29 loads from Aleton ... 383. 8d. Hunt, ffletcher, Howson, Jakes, John Totnson, 15 loads from Hale b ...... 2OS. od. Hunt, Howson, Tomson, Jekes, u loads from Halton ...... 145. 8d. William Hunt, Howson, Jekes, Tomson, 12 loads from Alton ...... i6s. od. Howson, John Hunt, John Pollerd, Jakes, 24 loads from Aleton ...... 325. od. William Clerke, William Jeekes, Adam Wryght, Robert Tomson, JohnGrysse, Howson, Polerd, John Hunt, John Swythell, 34 loads from Aleton ...... 453. 4d. Richard Bagworth, William Jekes, 6 loads from Aletton ...... 8s. od. John Crosse, 2 loads from Halton ... 2s. 8d. Howson, Robert Jakes, William Hunt, John Tomson, 12 loads from Aleton ...... i6s. od. ffletcher, Howson, for 2 ffrestones bought at Swareston Bryge c for the bridge at Kerby, price with carriage ...... 8s. od. ffletcher, Howson, Thomas Jeke, John Tomson, Thomas Dagull, Richard Wodhous, 31 loads ... 415. 4d. f}. 46. Howeson, ffletcher, 13 loads from Aleton ... 173. 4d. William Jeeke, Robert Tomson, Thomas Par- nell, 13 loads from Aleton ...... 173. 4d. Thomas Jekes, John Tomson, 10 loads from Haleton ...... 133. 4d. John Dagull of Ravnston," 10 loads ... 133. 4d. Howson, John Grenewey, Polerd, William ffletcher, Robert Jakes of Bocherston," 35 loads from Aleton ...... 465. 8d. Thomas Parnell, Richard Hawe of Rootby/ 16 loads from Aleton ...... 215. 4d. Robert Ormeston, 13 loads from Aleton, 14 Oct. 173. 4d. Ormeston, Thomas Jekes, Robert Jakes, How- son, Polard, John Grenwey, John Tomson, Thomas Parnell, 22 loads from Aleton ... 293. 4d. Sum £zi 45. od. a Alton, near Ravenstone : see introduction, p. 196 above. Newton is probably Newtown Unthank. b Hale is evidently for ' Haleton': the word occurs at the end of a line and the last syllable was forgotten at the beginning of the next. ° Swarkeston Bridge on the Trent, between Ashby-de-la-Zouch and Derby. •> Ravenstone. e Botcheston. ' Ratby. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIKBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 261 47-a MONDAY, 17 DEC. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardallf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Dykers.— Nevell, John Hewe, within le Counter- mire for the foundations of the said walls with a mayn for water, 2 days at 8d. ** ...... i6d. Labourers.—ffilip, Hudson, at moving le pale of the garden about pocokes yard, 5 days ... as. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Dyconson ... aod. Wages of Waynmen.—Haslame, Dyconson, for a quarter, on St. Thomas'day b ...... ios. od.' Sum 243. lodT ' fo. 47 d. MONDAY, 24 DEC. Labourist's.—Phelyp, Hudson, Stephen Jepson, Hawken, at making paths, \ day at 6d. ... 6d. Waynemen Bordyng.—Haslame, Dyconson ... aod. Sum 2s. 2d. MONDAY, 31 DEC. ffremasons.—Couper, overseer of the masons, 4 days at 8d...... 2s. 8d. Cowper, for his passage and return from his home c to Kerby, 2 days...... i6d. Couper, as a reward by command of Lord Hastynges ...... ios. od. Partryk Akex, his apprentice, 6 days at 6d. ... 33. od. Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Labourers.—Phelyp, Hudson, Jepson, Robert d Hawkyn, 4^ days ...... 43. 6d. Waynemen Bordyng.—Haselam, Dyconson ... 2od. Sum 323. 6d. fo. 48. MONDAY, 7 JAN.' ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steyneforth, Bardalff, 6 days ...... 6s. od. -Labourers.—Peyntour, Nycolson, Hudson, Jep son, at making the path outside the gate, 6 days 6s. od. Waynemen Bordyng.—Haselam, Dyconson ... 2od. Sum 173. od. *• Fo. 46d. is blank. "' Friday, 21 Dec. "pro transeund' et redeu,mil' a domori (sic). d Sic. ' 1481-2. 202 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. MONDAY, 14 JAN. ftremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Waynemen Bordyng.—Haselam, Dyconson ... aod. Sum us. od. . 48 d. MONDAY, 21 JAN. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Labourers.*—Lather, Thomas Haskey, at gath ering le yerdes b for le herdyls to be made there from for Scaffoldyng, 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Dyconson, Haslame ... 2od. Sum 135. 6d. MONDAY, 28 JAN. ffremasons.—Lylee ...... 35. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardall, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Labourers.—ffylyp, Hudson, at le dyging Pocoke yard, 4 days ...... 2s. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Christopher Cler- son c ...... 2od. Sum 133. od. fo. 40 MONDAY, 4 FEB. ffremasons.—Lyly ...... 35. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardallf ...... 6s. od. Labourers.—Fylip, Hudson, at le dyging stone within the place, 6 days...... 33. od. Carnage of le pybull.A—John ffletcher, John Alen, for the carriage of 81 loads of le pibulles with gathering the said pibulles, at 3d. the load, for making a path 6 ...... 2os. 3d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clarkeson ... 2od. Sum 345. 3d. • Labarat' (sic). b Yards, i.e., rods, boughs, twigs, corresponding to the Latin virgae used in these accounts. « Clerson or Clerkson takes the place of Dyconsoii. d I.e., pebbles for gravel. ' vicnn. The road of approach to ' the place' may be meant. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 263 MONDAY, n FEB. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 46. Steynforth, Bardalf ...... 6s. od. Labourers.—ftilip, Hudson, at cleaning the walls and gathering stone within tlie place, 6 days ... 35. od. Waynmen Bordyng.— Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 145. od. fb. 49 d. MONDAY, 18 FEB. ffremasons.— Lyle ...... 35. 41.!. Steynfforth, Bardalf ...... 6s. o:i. Carriage of le pybulles.—John Alein, 36 loads of pibulles at 3d., with gathering the said stones ... 95. od. Necessary expenses.—Robert Smyth, forle Sharp- yng 13 dosen axez with Cheselles, at 2d. a dozen as. 2d. Labourers.—ffylyp, Hudson, 4-^ days at digyng stone in the kitchen a ...... 2s. 3d. Richard Jonson, for drawing stone outside*5 le pytt at Alton ...... 2od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 26s. id. MONDAY, 25 FEB. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf ...... 6s. od. Carpenters. — Turner, Claibrooke, Glene, Richard Ragge, 3-^ dajs at 2s...... js. od. fo. 50. Labourers.—ffylyp, Hudson, at gathering stone in le vtter court, 3 days ...... i8d. Purchases.—14 cart Clowtes at i£d., bought of John Parsons of Leycester ...... 2id. Waynmen Bwrdyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum ais. 3d. a coquin', apparently the foundations of the new kitchen. There must have been an old one, near the earlier hall which was preserved. b exi. 264 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. MONDAY, 4 MARCH. ffremasons.—Cowper, overseer of the masons,2 6 days ...... 45. od. Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Patrike Aker,b 6 days ... gs. od. Labourers.—ffylyp, Hudson, John Dodyng.c at breaking* le Basse Tours, 6 days ...... 45. 6d. Waynmen Burdyng,— Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 22s. 6d. fo. 50 d. MONDAY, n MARCH. ffremasons.—Cowper, 6 days ...... 43. od. Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynfoith, Bardalff, Patrik Aker, 6 days ... gs. od. Carpenters.—William Pacwoode, at scappling le axell trees and mending the wains,6 2 days at 6d...... i2d. Labourers.—ffilip, Hudson, Dodyng, at taking down the walls of mydultowrs, 5 days ... 35. gd. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerksson ... 2od. Sum 22s. gd. Wages of the waynmm. — Dyconson, Haslame, for their fees for the term of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary ...... IDS. od. to. 51. MONDAY, 18 MARCH. f ffremasons. — Cowper ...... 45. od. Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Patryc Aker, 6 days ... gs. od. Roughmasotis. — Taillour, Wysso, John Mason,e Crosse, \\ days ...... gs. od. Labourers. — ffilip, Hudeson, Doddyng, 6 days at i2d.h ...... 6s. od. Boolt, John Brownne, Graunt, 4^daysatgd. 33. u lutho'i (sic). b The apprentice is here reckoned with the ordinary masons. c New man. a circ' ffranger' . The ' Basse Tours ' and ' mydultowrs ' mentioned the week after evidently belonged to the older manor-house and enclosure, the demolition of which now went on as the new work advanced. e le plaustr'. ' The roughmasons return this week, the bricklayers at Lady day. e New man. h These three receive 40!., the rest 3d. each per diem. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 265 William Shawe," 4 days at 3d...... I2d. John Pynryth," 6 days at 3d...... i8d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Hnslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 383. 10 d. fo. 51 d. MONDAY, 25 MARCH."3 ffremasons.—Cowper, 3 days ...... 2s. od. Cowper, as reward for going and returning from Kerby to Tatursale ...... IDS. od. Patrik Aker, 3 days ...... i8d. Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Breke leyeres in gross.—John Corbel], 36,000 breke at i8d., leying with hewyng ...... 545. od. Labourers.—ffylip, Hudson, 5 days at dyging and levelyng le vtter Court, at 7d.c ... as. nd. Stephen ffletcher, for dyging 63 loads of sand at ^d...... 23. 7^d. Purchases.—2 Boketes, for drawing water for leyers le Breke, price with hopyngd 4d. apiece... 8d. 40 hyrdulles bought of Will. Coolton, at i^d. proscaff oldyng ...... 55. od. Necessary expense's.—Robert Smyth, for sharpyng 8 dosen axes, at 2jd., sharpyng with Cheselles 2od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum /4 us. fo. 52. MONDAY, i APRIL. ffremasons.—Lylee ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 5000 Breke in gross with hewyng at i8d...... 75. 6d. Marc Maligoo, John Dale, Milhere Wattes, John Midullon, Staner Matlot, John Rankyn, 4 days at 35. 6d.e at leying anew le Basse Towrs with pictura f of the wall...... 143. od. Labourers.—ffilip, Hudson, Dodyng, Graunt, Boolt, 4 days, serving the said Brekeleyers, at laying the towers,e at I7|d...... 53. tod. * New men. b 1482. c I.e. 3jd. each, which now becomes the normal labourer's wage. d I.e. hooping. e I.e. 70!. a day each. The foreign names of some of these men have been remarked upon in the introduction. f On the probable meaning of this word (picf) see introduction. e ci>c' deponend' Turr'. 266 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Necessary expenses.—William Milner for hopyng and Cottyng 6 barell for water and mortar to be put therein, in gross ...... 2od. Purchases.—John Lokyer, for 4 heryng Barelles for putting mortar and water in, at 6d. ... 2s. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 425. od. fo. 52 d. MONDAY, 8 APRIL." ffremasons.—Lylee ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, 3 days ...... 35. od. Brekeleyersingrooss.—Corbell, 9000 Breke at i8d, 133. 6d. Carnage of the stone called pybull and of sand.—15 loads le pybulles for mending the path in a ven- nill b called Copelanne, and 16 loads of sand, called Grauell, for the same work, at 3d. ... 75. gd. Carriage of sand for the masons.—John Alen, 24 loads at 3d...... 6s. od. Labourers.—Stephen ffletcher, for dyging 20 loads of sand, at ^d...... lod. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Cferkson ... 2od. Sum 363. id. fo. 53. MONDAY, 15 APRIL. ffremasons.—Lylee ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf ...... 6s. od. Roughmasons. — Crosse, Mason, at making le ffowndacion of a tower, 3 days at I2d. ... 35. od. Labourers.—George Langford, John Tomson, William Rawlyn, servants of the said masons, 3 days at io-Jd...... as. 7^d ffilip, Hudson, Graunt, serving le ffremason, 6 days at io^d...... 55. 3d. Brekeleyirs in gross.—Corbell, 26,000, leyng and hewyng, at i8d...... 393. od. Brykeleyers per diem.—Maligoo, Peter Corbell, Charlott Ruddicourt, Mihell Milner, Turkyn Horweynd, at pictnra of the wall, i day at 2s. i id. 2S. I id. " Easter week. b A lane : Lat. venella; Fr. venelle. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 2f>7 Carriage ofle pybulles and Gravell. — Alen, 43 loads of stone and Gravell for mending a venill called Copelane, at 3d...... ios. gd. Necessary expenses.— Haslam, for his costs at Barough, and for the carriage of 4 Barelles from Leycester to Kerby 3 ...... 4d. Grece, bought of Thomas Johnson, for oiling the wains b ...... yd. John Swane, 2 dosen c at 6d...... i2d. Waynmen Bordyng. — Clerkson, Haslame ... aod. Sum 763. fo. 53d. Purchases of lime.6—John Puree, John Lanne, John Browne, 13 loads, each of 4 quarters, at lod. the quarter, 33. 4d. the load ...... 433. 4d. Puree, Lane, 26 loads ... ---/4 6s. 8d. Puree, Lane, 38 loads ... •••£(> 6s. 8d. Puree, Lanne, 21 loads ...... 703. od. John Lanne, John Clyffe, 22 loads ... 733. 4d. Puree, Lanne, 28 loads ...... £$ 138. 4d. Puree, Lane, John Brown, 29 loads •• £4 i6s. 8d. Puree, John e , 30 loads ... ---£5 os- od. Puree, Lanne, William Browne, 46 loads ...£7 133. 4d. Puree, Lanne, 17 loads on 17 June ... 563. 8d. Puree, Lane, 29 loads, 6 July ... — f,\ i6s. 8d. Puree, Lanne, 30 loads, 20 July ... loos. od. Puree, Lane, 22 loads ...... 733. 4d. Puree, Lanne, 10 loads, 3 Aug. ... 333. 4d. Clyffe, Puree, 14 loads, 10 Aug. ... 463. 8d. fo. 54. Puree, Lanne, 26 loads ... •••£^ 6s. 8d. Puree, Lanne, 17 loads ...... 563. 8d. Lane, Puree, William Brown, 29 loads, 9 Sept...... £\ i6s. 8d. Puree, Lame,f Clyff, 22 loads ...... 733. 4d. Puree, Lane, 24 loads from Barough •••£& os. od. Puree, Thomas Brown, 36 loads, 30 Sept. ...£6 os. od. Lanne, Puree, Thomas Clyff, 31 loads ... 1033. 4d. Puree, Lanne, John Clyff, 30 loads, 19 Oct. loos. od. Lane, Puree, 20 loads, 26 Oct. ... 66s. 8d. Sum this year ^103 133. ' I.e., for carting lime from Barrow (see entry on fo. 53d.) and for bringing the four herring barrels from Leicester, accounted for in the first week in April. ^ pro noyntand' plaustr', c Specification omitted. d Empciones Gale'. ' Name omitted. ' Sic. 268 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo. 54 d. MONDAY, 22 APRIL. ffremasons.—Cowper, 6 days ...... 43. od. Patrik Aker, 6 days ...... 33. od. Lylee ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, 5 days ...... 55. od. Breheleyers in gross.—Corbell, 19,000 at i8d. ... 285. 6d. Brekeleytrs per diem.—Turkyn Horwynde, Char- lot Ruddicourt, at making le murther holies anew, at i4d.a ...... 35. 6d. Labourers.—ffylyp, Hudson, William Smyth, Henry Rotheley, at laying walls at le yatte hous b 45. 8d. William Thurkeston, John Peyntour, at serv ing le Breke men and other necessary things, 3 days at yd...... 2id. Carpenters.—Turner, Claybrooke, 3 days, at scappling pooles in le Conyngre at Braundeston c for scaffoldyng at Kerby, at I2d...... 35. od. Richard Rage, apprentice to Turner, 3^ days at 4 • For 3 days. For ' le murther holies' see p. 206 above. b Four days at I4d. This marks the beginning of work at the new gatehouse. "Braun- stone. The ' conyngre ' is the coney-garth or rabbit warren. d Botcheston. ' Sic. The sum should be 443. 2d. Probably 106 loads is a mistake for 126. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIKBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 269 55 d. Ormeston, John Jekes, Robert Tomson, of Thorunton,3 32 loads ...... 135. 4d. John Stanley, Hunt, William Clerk, Parnell, 88 loads ...... 36s. 8d. John Adecoke, Colton, Robert Dene, 14 loads 53. lod. William Jeeke, Thomas Dawe, Henry Bade, John Rothley, of Thorunton, 36 loads from Benle hill ...... 153. od. Coolton, Stephen Hawe, Robert Milner, Hewgh Jeeke, Hunt, Thomas Bird, of Rotteby, 57 loads ...... 235. gd. Adcok, John Heyir, 30 loads ...... 123. • 6d. John ffox, Robert Taillour, Parnell, Cramp, Burbryg, Robert Byrd, 46 loads from Groby parke ...... igs. ad. Howson, Polerd, Clerk, John Cooke, Stanley, John Baker, 66 loads ...... 275. 6d. Baker, Adcoke, 41 loads ...... 173. id Robert Thomson, John Jeeke, 16 loads ... 6s. 8d Adcok, Baker, of Groby, 40 loads ... i6s. 8d. Polerd, Thomas Byrd, Coolton, Parnell, How- son, 47 loads from Groby parke ...... igs. 7d. Parnell, Clerke, Hawe, Thomas Byrd, Stephen Jemson, 10 loads from Sliawe, at 4d.b ... 45. ad. Sum this year £ig 33. 4d. TOTAL FOR THESE 25 WEEKS ... ^182 i6s. id. fO- c6. MONDAY, ag APRIL. ffremasons.—Cowper, 6 days ...... 43. od. Patrik Aker, per week c ...... 33. od. Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardallf, 5 days ...... 55. od. Bryke leyers in gross.—Corbell, ao,ooo Breeke at i8d ... •• ...... 303. od. Labourers.—ffylyp, Hudson, William Smyth, Peyntour, William Nicollson, at laying walls at leyatte hous newly built,d 4 days at I7^d. ... 53. lod. John Langfford, 3 days at 3^d...... io^d. Henry Rotheley, a days at 3£d...... 7d. Stephen ffletcher, for dyging sand, 30 loads at •Jd., for mixing with lime 8 ...... I5d. » Thornton. b Sic ; but the total shows that the usual sd. was charged. c At the usual rate of 6d. a day. a de nouo edificaf: what is meant is ' being built anew '. ' pro mixand' cum calc'. s Vol. XI. 270 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. John ffletcher, for making le ffyldyng waye from Borough spryng to Henry ffaux Boske,a in gross ...... 2os. od. Carpenters.—Turner, Claibroke, at scappling le Scaffold poles and ladders,1" 2^ days at I2d. ... as. 6d. Richard Ragge, apprentice to Turner, 3 days at 4d...... i2d. Waynmen Bwdyng.—Haslame, Clerkesson ,. 2od. fo. 56 d, Sawyers.—Mortymer and his partner, sawing divers pieces of timber for Justes, pylors,' and other needful things, 3^ days at i2d. ... 33. 6d. Carpenters.*—John Doylee, i day ...... 8d. Edmund Ledes, 4 days at 6d...... 2s. od. William ffypond, i^ days at 6d...... gd. Nicholas, serving John Doyle, 4 days at fd.... 2od. Richard Kendale, apprentice to Doyle, 3 days at 4d...... i2d. Purchases.—Robert Shyryngham, 4 cwt. iron,6 12 lb., at 43. 6d. per cwt...... i8s. 5d. Dusshes for dyping in water for filling le Colles f ...... id. John Swanne, 4 dosen Ropes for tying le Scaffoldyng, at 6d...... as. od. 3 Barelles for le morter to be put therein, at 6d. i8d. Hopyng and cuttyng the said Barelles ... gd. A key, newly bought, for the parlour doors ... 4d. John Lokyer, i lb. wax h and 2 lb. Rosen, for syment' to be made therefrom for le ffremasons gd. Peter Wynwode, for 2 cwt. iron, at 45. 8d., for the windows called ffirment to be made therefromk gs. 4d. Carriage of sand.—John Alen, 34 loads at 3d. 8s. 6d. Sum £6 IDS. f°- 57- MONDAY, 6 MAY. ffremasons.—Cowper, in gross ...... 45. od. Patrik Aker, by week...... 35. od. Robert 1 Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, 6 days ...... • 6s. od. Breeke levers in gross,—Corbell, 28,000 Breeke... 425. od. • See above, p. 259. » seal'. « Pillars, wooden uprights or posts. 11 Omitted from previous leaf, where a in the margin'calls attention to the mistake. e fferr'. ! I.e , the ' cooles ' or large buckets. « Vri Claim' empt' A? nou' pro host' p'lot ' "««•'. 'Cement. k pro ffeneslr' rocaV ffirmcnt indc fiend'. The meaning is ' for the firments, \.Q.,ferramtnta, iron stanchions and crossbars of the windows to be made therefrom.' ' Sic : for John. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 271 Labourers.—John Hares, Richard Powell, John Wylton, William Morion, at dygingffoundacions, ii days, at i6d...... as. od. ffylyp, Hudson, George Langfford, William Smyth, William Thyrcaston, Henry Burton, Peyntour, at carrying stone from the foundations to le moote, 6 days at as. o^d...... 123. 3d. John Davyd, in le ffoundacions, 6 days at 4d. as. od. Rougkmasons.*—Torkyn Horwynd, John Dale, Chariot Ruddycowrt, Peter Corbell, i-J days, at making le foundacions of yat hous, at 2s. 4d. ... 33. 6d. Marc Maligo, Myghell Mylner, i day at i4d. i4d. Carpenters.— Doyle, 5 days at 8d., at squaring divers pieces of timber for le fflorthis b ... 35. 4d. Edmund Ledes, Thomas Wryght, John Squyer, 5 days at i8d...... 73. 6d. Nicholl, Richard, apprentices to Doly, 6 days at gd...... 45. 6d. fo. 57 d. Sawyers.—Mortymere and his partner, sawing divers pieces of timber for tracynges and staunch- ynges,c 3! days at lad...... 33. 6d. Necessary expenses.—Robert Smyth, for working 6 cwt. iron, at 53. 4d. per cwt., for hokes, ffyr- metz d and other necessaries ...... 323. od. For Sharpyng 7 dosen axes at ad. ... I4d. Carriage of sand.—Alen, 40 loads at 3d. ... los. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... aod. Sum £"j as. ud. MONDAY, 13 MAY. ffremasons.—Cowper, by week ...... 43. od. Patrik Aker ...... 33. od. Cowper, as his reward for going and returning by my lord's command ...... IDS. od. Steynfforth, Bardallf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. John Lylee ...... 33. 4d. Roitghmasons.—Croose, John Masson, 6 days at le ffondacions, at iad...... 6s. od. William Mason, Wysoo, 5! days...... 53. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haselame, Clerkson ... 2od. fo. 58. Carpenters.--Doyle, 3 days ...... as. od. Squyer, Wryght, at making le tower fflurthes, 4^ days ...... 45. 6d. 0 All the men under this head are strictly bricklayers. b The floors. c I.e., wooden tracery and stanchions for windows. d I.e., firments. See note on p. 270 above. 272 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Ledes, 2 days ...... I2d. Nicholas and Richard Kendale, apprentices, 5^ days at gd...... 45. i£d. Leyers Breke in grass.—Corbell, 20,000 Breke ... 305. od. Labourers.—Thomas Dodyng, William Shawe, at serving the masons, 3^ days at 8d. ... 2s. 4d. Jefson, Chaumbur, 2^days at 8d. ... 2od. John Staunton, i day at 4d...... 4d. Stephen ffletcher, for dyging 40 loads of sand, at id., for mixing with lime ...... 2od. Symund ffylyp, Hudson, Peyntour, William Nicoll,a Langfford, Burton, at the foundations of the walls, 4^ days at 2id...... 75. lojd. Sawyers.— Mortymer and his partner, sawing divers pieces of timber for le somers for fflorthes,b 3^ days at I2d...... 33. 6d. Necessary expenses.—Robert Smyth, for working 2 cwt. iron in lokers c called ffirmettes, at 53. 4d. ros. 8d. Purchases.—John Parsons, 160 Ib. of iron, at 45. 8d. per cwt...... 75. 5d. Peter Wynwode, 203 Ib. at 43. 8d. ... gs. 5|d. Sum {Jb 6s. o^d. fo. 58 d. MONDAY, 20 MAY. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d Bardalf, Steynforth, 6 days ...... 6s. od Roughmasons.—John Mason, Crosse, 3! days ... 35. 6d William Wryght, Wysoo, 3 days ... 35. od Labourers.—Cordwyn,d 3^ days at 3-£d. ... ffylyp, Hudson, Peyntour, Langford, William Nicolson, Burton, at the foundations of le yatte hous and cleaning walls, 5^ days at 2id. ... gs. John Davy, Lewes William, for dygyng ffbund- ations for le yatte hous, 5^ days at 8d. ... 35. 8d. Nevell, 2^ days at 4d...... lod. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbel!, 32,000 ... 483. od. Sawyers.—Mortymer and Robert Sare, at saw ing justes, somers and staunchins and other necessaries, 5 days at I2d...... 53. od. ' Probably Nicolson. b Somers = summers, large beams for the floors, ' Summer' is the Latin sanmariiin, Fr. tommier, literally something that carries a burden (sagma). The same word occurs in the phrase ' sumpter mule ' (sagmarius equus). c Fastenings. d Sic : no Christian name. THE BUILDING iCCOUNTS OF KIKBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 273 John Brettby and his partner, sawing divers pieces of timber for Theylles to be made there from for scaffoldyng, 2 days at iad. ... as. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... aod. fo. 59. Carpenters.—Doylye, 5 days at 8d. .., 33. 4d. Squyer, 5 days at 6d...... 23. 6d. Ledes, 3 days at 6d...... i8d. Thomas Wryght, 5^ days at 6d...... 23. 6d. Nicholas Broune, Richard Kendale, 5^ days at gd...... 45. ijd. Carriage of sand.—John Haske, 45 loads at 3d. us. 3d. Sum IOIB. 5|d.a MONDAY, 27 MAY. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardallf, 3 days ...... 33. od. Roughmasons.—Croos, John Masson, 2 days b at iad...... 2s. 6d. Labourers.—Ralph Lagfford,c Sitnond ffilyp, Hudson, George Langfford, Burton, Nicoolsson, Peyntur, 2^ days at 2s. o-£d...... 53. i^d. John Davye, William, John Hewes, Thomas Gardiner, Nevell, 2^ days at 2od., at synkyng le ffoondacions yatte howse ...... 43. 2d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clerkson, Haslam. ... 2od. fo. 59 d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 3 days at 8d., at making le fflorthes for the towers ...... 2s. od. Nicholas and Richard Kendale, apprentices, 2^ days at gd...... 22^d. Squier, \ day ...... 3d. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 16,000 ... 245. od. Carriage of sand.—John Alen, 28 loads at 3d. ... 73. od. Purchases.—John Broke, I tonne yron bought for hokes, bandes, lokers and other necessaries, at 43. 8d. per cwt...... £4. 133. 4d. William Lodesman, i cwt. 5 Ib. of iron, at 53. 53. 3d. Sum £7 135. 5fd. • Sic. The last item of us. 3d., which would bring the sum to 1123. 8Jd., is not reckoned in. Wryght's pay is also reckoned wrongly at 2s. 6d. instead of 2s. gd. " Sic : for 2j days. c Sic. 274 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. MONDAY, 3 JUNE. ffremasons.—Lyle .,...... 33. 4 Sum £6 2s. fo. 6od. MONDAY, 10 JUNE. freemasons. — Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Tattersale, Bardalf, 6 days at i8d. gs. od. Roughmasons. — Wisoo, Mason, Crosse, at the foundations of the towers of le yathous, 6 days at i8d...... gs. od. Taillour, 5 days ...... 23. 6d. Labourers. — Dyones Sclater, for laying le sclattes of the bakehouse,0 in gross...... 35. 2d. Penryth, 5^ days at i|d.d ...... • New man, apparently from the master-mason's abode. " I.e. Doyle's. v pistrin'. * Sic. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIBBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 275 Langston, 6 days at 3^d...... 2id. Davy, William, 6 days at 8d...... 43. od. Gardiner, i day ...... 4d. ffilyp, Hudson, Nicholson, Peyntur, Burton, Langford, 6 days at 2id...... IDS. 6d. Davye, for watching for water in le ffondacions of the tower walls ,...... , i2d. Carpenters. — Doyle, at making le fflorthes of the towers, 5 days at 8d...... 33. 4d. Ledes, 5 days at 6d...... 2s. 6ck Wryght, 4 days ...... 2s. od. Squier, 6 days, at making le summeres ... 6s. od. fo. 61. Nicholas Sutton, carpenter, at Bradgateparke, at scappling timber there, in gross ...... 153. 46. 2 apprentices of the said John, 6 days at gd. 43. 6d. Sawyers. — Mortymer, Bretby, 5^ days at I2d. 53. 6d. Brekeleyers in gross. — Corbell, 30,000 ... 455. od. Purchases. — 500 nails at 5d. per iooo,a for scaf- foldyng and other necessaries ...... 2s. id. Swanue, for divers Ropes bought for stobes b and other necessaries ...... 3d. 2 hurteles, bought of John Lokyere for the wains ...... 3d. Carriage of sand. — Bowlott, 46 loads at 3d. ... us. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng. — Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum £j 33. fo. 61 d. MONDAY, 17 JUNE. ffremasons. — Cowper, 6 days ...... 45. od. Lylee ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, William Robeson, Thomas Wilson, d Patryc Aker, 6 days ...... 153. od. Ronghmasons. — Wyssoo, Mason, Croose, 6 days 93. od. Taillour, 5 days, upon le yatt hous ... 2s. 6d. Malygoo, Peter Corbell, 3 days at I4d. ... 33. 6d. John Dale, i J day at fid...... io|d.e Labourers. — ffilip, Hudson, Thurkeston, Burton, 6 days at I4d...... 7s. od. William Blenckerd, I day ...... 4d. John Tomson, Robert Lytley, 2t days at 8d. 2od. Peyntour, Lagfford,e Penryth, 5 days at serv ing the masons, at io£d...... 45. a Sic. b Sic : possibly ' stubs,' props or supports for scaffolding. c Sic. The exact sum is £y 6s. ijd. " Wijson is a new man, Robeson (son of Robert) is probably the same person as Tattersale. e Sic 276 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Langston, 6 days at 3^d...... 2id. Jonson, William, at the foundations of the walls, 6 days at 8d...... 45. od. Sawyers. — Mortymer, Bretby, sawing divers pieces of limber for boards 3 and for Traunsoums and other necessaries, as appears, within the place, 5^ days at iad...... 55. 6d. f j. 62. Carpenters. — Doylee, at making le fflurthez within the towers, 6 days ...... 45. ori. Nicholas and Richard Kendalle, apprentices, [6 days] at gd...... 45. 6d. Wryght, John Hamurson,b 6 days at I2d. ... 6s. od. Squiere, 5 days ...... 25. 6d. Brekeleyers in gross. — Corbel), 27,000 ... 403. 6d. Necessary expenses. — Robert Smyth, for working 6 cwt. of iron, at 53. 4d., in lokers, hokes, and other necessaries ...... 325. od. Smyth, for sharpyng 6 dosen axes with Che- selles, at 2d...... i2d. William Milner, for hopyng divers Coolies and Barelles ...... i6d. Wages. — Haslame, Clerkson, for the quarter [ending at] the Nativity of St. John the Baptist los. od. Carriage of sand. — Boolot, 50 loads at 3d. ... 125. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng. — Haslame, Clecson c ... 2od. Sum £8 i8s. lod. fo. 62 d. MONDAY, 24 JUNE. jjfremasons.—Cowper, 6 days ...... 43. od. Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Patrik Aker, 6 days ...... 35. od. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Thomas Wilkynson,d Robeson, 5 days ...... 103. od. Roughmasons.—Taillour, Wysoo, Crosse, Mason, 3^ days at the foundations of le yathous, at 2s. js. od. Maligoo, Peter Corbell, John Dalle, 4 days at i8d...... 6s. od. Labourers.—ffylip, Hudson, Peyntour, Lang- fford, Nicolson, Burton, Langston, Penrith, 3^ days at 2s. 4d...... 8s. 2d. Davy, William, 3^ days at 8d., at the founda tions of le yathous ...... 2s. 4d. Brekeleiers in gross.—Corbell, 15,000 ... 225. 6d. " Tdbul'. b New man. ° Sic. 1 Evidently identical with Thomas Wilson. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOB CASTLE. 277 Carpenters,—Doyle, 3 days ...... as. od. Edmund Ledz, 3 days ...... i8d. Nicholas and Richard Kendale, 4 days at gd. 33. od. Sawyers.—Mortymere, Brettby, at sawing divers pieces of timber for boards and traunsumez and other necessaries, as appears, in the storehouse,3 3^.days at iad...... 33. 6d. fo. 63. Waynmen Bordyng.— Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Necessary expenses.—Robert Smyth, for working i cwt. of iron, at 53. 4d., in Bandes, hokes, and other things needful ...... 53. 4d. For making 3 Whele Barous for working there b ...... 3d. Purchases.— 100 Brodes c for the wains bought of John Lokyer ...... 3d. Carriage of sand.—Bolott, 34 loads at 3d., with dyging ...... 8s. 6d. Sum f,\ I2s. 4d. fo. 63d. MONDAY, i JULY. ffremasons. — Cowpere and Patryke Aker, ap prentice ...... 73. od. As a reward for returning and going from Kerby to Tattersale ...... IDS. od. Lyly ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Robyson, Wylconson, William Huntter,d 6 days at 2s...... ias. od. Bardalf, 5 days ...... 23. 6d. Roughmasons. — Taillour, Wysoo, 5^ days ... 53. 6d. Mason, 4^ days ...... 2s. 3d. Dale, Peter Corbell, Malygo, 5 days ... 75. 6d. Brekeleyers in gross. — Corbell, 24,000 ... 365. od. Labourers. — Penrith, Langston, 6 days at 7d.... 35. 6d. ffylyp, Hudson, Peyntuur, Nicolson, Burton, 5i days at i7£d...... 8s. ojd. William, Mores Gough, at cleansing the water from the work and for making a trench for the bridge,8 4i days at 8d...... 33. od. Stephen ffletcher, for dyging 33 loads of sand at id...... i6£d. fo. 64. Carpenters. — Doylee, 2 days, at making le sum mers i6d. " in dorri stauri. b pro eperac' ib'm. " I.e., ' brod-nails ' at 3d. a hundred. d New man. e pro factur' vn' trench pro pont' . 278 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Squier, Wryght, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Ledes, 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. Nicholas and Richard Kendale, apprentices, 6 days at gd...... 43. 6d. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas 3 Bretby, 6 days 6s. od. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working 2 cwt. of iron, in hokes, Bandes and lokeres, otherwise called ffinnentt, at 55. 4d...... los. 8d. Smyth, for Sharpyng 7 dosen axes a-t id. ... i^A. For stellyng b mattoke, in gross ...... 3d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Carriage of sand.—Dowlott, 44 loads at 3d. ... us. od. Sum £1 75. ojd. fo. 64d. MONDAY, 8 JULY. ffremasons.—Cowper ...... 45. od. Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Wylkynson, Robeson, Hunter, Aker, 6 days ...... i8s. od. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 20,000 ... 303. od. Corbell, mending and levelyng a wall, by agree ment ...... I2d. Labourers.—John Powel, 2^ days at 6d., at working and cleansing the clay at the entrance of the garden 0 ...... i$d. Gardyner, William, Hewes [2-J days], at I2d. 2s. 6d. ffylyp, Hudson, 4 days at 7d...... 2s. Peyntour, 3 days at 3Jd...... Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working i cwt. of iron in divers matters, viz., hokes, Bandes, lokers and other things needful ...... 53. 4d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clekeson ... 2od. fo. 65. Carpenters.—Squyer, 6 days, at scappling tim ber for le fflorthes of the towers ...... 35. od. Ledes, John Wryght, 4 days ...... 43. od. John 11 Wryght, 3^ days ...... 2id. Nicholas and Richard Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 6 days at gd...... 43. 6d. John Purdyvous, e for laying the bakehouse and for Reeryng a retr',{ in gross .. ... 123. od. " Sic : Thomas now generally appears in place of John. » I.e., Steeling. * circ'/actur' et maud' luf ad intrar' gardin'. The word M'arn is cancelled before' luf, and ffactur' et should probably also be cancelled. The head of the dykers now returns for a time. d Sic : for Thomas. The letter T is written above Joh'i, c Probably the same name as Burdewous, Burdews, Burdeuse, which has occurred earlier. ' Sic. The meaning appears to be a retro, i.e., rearing its back part. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 279 Sawyers.— Mortymer, John Bretby, sawing divers pieces of timber for divers necessaries, 4 days •-- ...... 43. od. Carnage of sand.—Bowlott, 31 loads from Golet to Kerby, at 3d., with dyging ...... 73. gd. Sum 1075. 3-Jd. fo. 65 d. MONDAY, 15 JULY. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Hunter, Wilkynson, William Robynson, 6 days ...... 125. od. Bardalf, 5 days ...... 23. 6d. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 30,000 ... 453. od. Carpenters.— Ledis, 4 days ...... 23. od. Squyer, John Wryght, 5 days ...... 55. 6d. Nicholas and Richard Kendale, apprentices, 5^ days ...... 43. i^d. Thomas Wryght, 5-^ days ...... as. gd. Labourers.—Poell, 4 days ...... 2s. od. Hewes, 5^ days at 4d...... 22d. William, 5 days ...... 2od. ffylyp, Hudson, 6 days at 7d...... 35. 6d. Steven ffletcher, for dyging 12 loads ... 6d. William Thyrcaston, for making le wall of le forge, in gross ...... 2s. od. Peyntour, 5^ days at 3^d...... igjd. fo. 66. Purchases.—John Swanne, 4 dosen Ropes for Scaffoldyng, at 6d...... 2s. od. 2 Ropes bought for Robenettes,3 at ig-^d. ... ig^d. 600 stonlath at 5d. for le fforge ...... 2s. 6d. 2000 stonlath naill [2s.], 1000 Broddes [iod.], 100 clowt naill [sd.], 250 spykynges [i5d.], for le fforge newly built ... .,. ... 45. 4d. John Lylee, for Glewe bought for Syment ... 2d. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working 2 cwt. of iron in hokes and other things needful ... IDS. 8d. For sharpyng 7 dosen axes at 2d. ... i4d. For axullyng 2 wains, at 4d...... 8d. Tylers.—Diones Sclater, for tiling le fforge by agreement made in gross by Rodes ...... 8s. 3d. Sawyers.—Mortymer and his partner, sawing divers pieces of timber, 3 days ...... 33. od. * Hoisting-tackle belonging to a ' gynne ' or ' ferae' for lifting material. 280 LEICESTERSHIRE! ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Waynmen Bordyng.— Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Carnage of sand.—Bowlott, 32 loads at 3d. ... 8s. od. Sum £6 145. 4Jd. fo. 66d. MONDAY, 22 JULY. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Bardalf, Robynson, Hunter, 3 days ... 43. 6d. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 14,000 ... 2is. od. Necessary expenses.—John Alen, Thomas Alen, for dyging 300 Assheler, at 2s. per hundred, by agreement made in gross ...... 6s. od. Labourers.—ffylyp, Hudson, at serving le ffre masons, 2^ days at yd...... I 7^ Carriage of sand.—Bowlott, 23 loads at 3d., for mixing with lime ...... 53. gd. Carpenters.—Squyere, Ledes, 3-^ days ... 33. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkeson ... aod. Purchases.—John Swanne, 4 dosen Ropes for scafoldyng at 6d...... 2S. od. TOO spykinges, bought of John Lokyer for scafoldyng...... 6d. Sum 495. 8-Jd. MONDAY, 29 JULY. io 67 /remasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfortli, Bardalf, Wilson, Hunter, Robyn son, 6 days ...... 153. od. Brekeleicrs in gross.—Corbell, 31,000 ... 465. 6d. Labourers.—ffilip, Hudson,6 days at ?d. ... 35. 6d. John Browne, 3 days at 3^d. at breaking 3 walls within the place ...... lojd. Stephen ffletcher, for dyging 20 loads of sand at -£d...... lod. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working 4 cwt. of iron at 53. 4d...... 213. 4d. The same, for sharping 5 dozen axes at 2d. with Chesell...... lod. Carriage of sand.—Bollott, 48 loads at 3d. ... 123. od. Sawyers.— Mortymer and his partner, 6 days at I2d...... 6s. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkeson ... 2od. '•ffractur', probably a mistake for factur' (making). THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 281 Carpenters. — Squier, 5-^ days at 6d. ... 2s. gd. Ledez, Thomas Hamersmyth, 6 days at I2d. 6s. od. Sum £6 os. fo. 67 d. MONDAY, 5 AUG. ffremasons. — Lyle ...... 33. q.d. Sreynfforth, Hunter, Wilkynson, Robert 3 Robeson, 6 days ...... ias. od. Carpenters. — Dolee, 4^ days, at scappling divers pieces of timber ...... 33. od. Squier, Ledez, Thomas Wryght, John Hamere- smyth,b 4^ days ...... gs. od. Nicholas, apprentice to Dole, \\ days at 5d. 22^d. Brekeleyers in gross. — Coorbell, 25,000 ... 375. 6d. Necessary expenses. — Smyth, for working 2 cwt. of iron ...... IDS. 8d. Maud c Colles, for grease" for the wains ... rod. Waynmen Bordyng. — Hasslame, Clerkeson ... 2od. fo. 68. Labourers. — ffylip, Hudson, 4 days at 7d. ... as. 4d. John Browne, at laying an oven 6 there, 3 days at 3^d...... io^d. Sawyers. — Mortymer, Thomas Bretby, sawing divers pieces of timber for Justes and other ne cessaries, 4 days ...... 45. od. Carnage of sand. — Bowlott, 24 loads ... 6s. od. Carriage of pybulles. —John Alen, 5 loads of stone called pybulles, for mending Copelane, as appears, at 3d...... I5d. Sum ^"4 143. fo. 68 d. MONDAY, 12 AUG. ffremasons. — Cowper ...... 45. od. Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Hunter, William Robyson, Wyl- kynson, Patryk Aker, 6 days ...... 155. .od. Bardalf, i day ...... 6d. Breke leyeres in gross. — Corbell, 25,000 ... 373. 6d. Carpenters. — Doyle, 5 days ...... 33. 4d. * Sic, for William. b Thomas Hamersmyth had been employed the week before at the exceptional wage of a shilling a day. John Hamer smyth, who here receives the normal wage of 6d., is probably the man elsewhere called John Hamurson, Hamerton or Hamersley. c Matild'. * unguent'. ' circ' deponend' /urn'. 282 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Squier, Thomas Wryght, John Hamerton, 44 days at i8d...... 6s. gd. Ledez, 2% days at 6d...... I5d. Nicholas Cowper,a apprentice to Doyle, 5 days at 5d...... 2S. id. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Brettby, 4^ days at sawing divers pieces of timber for traunsomes and other necessaries, at I2d...... 45. 6d. fo. 69. Necessary costs.—Smyth, for working 2 cwt. of iron ...... IDS. 8d. For sharpyng 5 dosen axes with chesulles at ad. rod. For dyging and cleaning the clay at Alton, at 2s. per dyging 100 assheler ...... 6s. 8d. Labourers.—ffy\yp, Hudson, 4^ days at jd. ... 2s. yjd. John Brownne, 2$ days at 3^d...... 8fd. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Carriage of sand.—Bowlott, 40 loads at 3d. ... IDS. od. Sum ins. 5Jd. fo. 69 d. MONDAY, 19 AUG. ftremasons.—Cowper ...... 45. od. Patric Aker, his apprentice ...... 33. od. Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Bardalf, Steynfforth, Wylson, Robynson, 6 days ...... i2s. od. Richard Whelpeley, 3 days at 6d. ... i8d. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 20,000 ... 305. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 4 days ...... 2s. 8d. Squier, John Hamurton, 4^ days at I2d. ... 45. 6d. Ledz, Thomas Wryght, 4 days at I2d. ... 45. od. Nicholas, apprentice to Doyle, 4^ days at 5d. 22^d. Labourers.—ffylyp, Hudson, at cleaning walls and telling le Breke, 3-^ days at yd...... 25. o£d. fo. 70. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working 4 cwt. of iron ...... 215. 4d. William Cowper,b for cowping and hoping Bolles ...... 7d. • Doyle appears to have had more than one apprentice called Nicholas, though possibly the same one may appear with alternative surnames ; just as the apprentice usually called Richard Kendale may be the same as Richard Ragge. b A trade surname, like those of John Mason, Robert Sare or Sawyer and Denis Slater. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 283 Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Carriage of sand.—Bowlott, 21 loads from Gollet, at 3d...... 53. 3d. Sum £4 173. gd. fo. 70 d. MONDAY, 26 AUG. ffremasons.—Cowper, 6 days ...... 43. od. Patric Aker, 6 days ...... 35. od. Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Wilson, William Robyn- son, Whelpley, 6 days ...... 153. od. Thomas Carlyl," 5 days ...... as. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 3 days ...... 23. od. Ledz, Squyare, Hamurton, Thomas Huckels- cott,b 5 days at as...... IDS. od. Nicholas, apprentice to Doyle, 5 days at 5d. 23. id. Breke leyrs in gross.—Corbell, 22,000 .. 333. od. Labourers.— ffilyp, Hudson, at carrying stone, 5 days at 7d...... as. nd. John Brown, in le ffrylh, at finding le ffreston and for cleaning earth, 2 days at 3-Jd. ... 7d. fo. 71. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Bretby, sawing divers pieces of timber for boards, 6 days ... 6s. od. Purchases.—Robert Shylingham, i Tone of iron for ffirmenttes and other necessaries £^ 6s. 8d. c Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Carriage of sand.—Bowlott, 28 loads from Gullett 73. od. Sum £8 igs. gd. fo. 7! d. MONDAY, 2 SEPT. ffremasons.—Cowper ...... 43. od. Patrike Aker, 6 days ...... 35. od. Cowper, as his reward for going and returning by my lord's command, so often as [he does so] d IDS. od. Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Wilson, John 8 Carlill, William Robynson, Whelpley, 6 days at 35. ... i8s. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 6 days ...... 45. od. Squyer, Hamurton, Thomas Wryght, 5^ days at i8d...... 8s. 3d. Ledez, 4 days at 6d...... 25. od. " New man. b Identical with Thomas Wryght, called in one place (p. 248 above) Thomas Wrygh* of Hugglescote. c This works out at 45. 4d. per cwt. d pro regard' eund' et rcdeuiid' per maud' d'ni toe' quoc'. ' Sic : for Thomas. 284 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Nicholas, apprentice to Doyle, 5^ days at 5d. as. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 34,000 ... 515. od. Brekeleyers per diem.—John Dale, a days, at mending a chimney in the great chamber with drownt," at -jA...... ^d. Richard Milner, serving the said Brekeleyer, 2 days ...... 8d. fo. 72. Sawyers.—Mortimer, Thomas Brettby, 5^ days at i2d...... SB. 66. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, 2 cwt. of iron ... IDS. 8d. For sharpyng 13 dozen axes, at ad. ... 2s. 2d. Carriage of thorns and brambles.—Bowlolt, for carriage of 5 loads of brambles'" [and] trouns from Gullet to Kerby for making a hedge round le fframeyng place, at 4d...... aod. Carriage of sand.— Bowlott, 27 loads of sand, grauell, pibulles, at 3d...... 6s. gd. Labourers.—ffilip, Hudson, 5^ days at 7d. ... 33. ajd. John Brown, i£ days at 3-Jd...... 5^0. John Latther, for cutting 4 loads of brambles 4d. Waynmen Bordyng.—-Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum £"j os. ijd. fo. 72 d. MONDAY, 9 SEPT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Thomas Carlelyl, William Robeson, Whelpelej, 6 days at 33. ... i8s. od. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 28,000 ... 423. od. Carpenters.—Doylee, 2 days ...... i6d. Squier, Ledez, Hamerton, 5 days at i8d. ... 73. 6d. Huckelscot, 2 days ...... i2d. Nicholas, apprentice to Doyle, 5 days at 5d.... as. id. Necessary expenses. —Smyth, 2 cwt. of iron ... los. 8d. John Alen, Thomas Alen, for dyging in le quarrell,c by agreement made in gross, by the vicar of Assheby,d viz., for dyging 400 assheller ai as,, and cleaning the clay at as. 4d. ... ios. 4d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkeson ... 2od. • circ' emend' vn' cumin' in magna earner? wl drownt. Chimney = fireplace; drojmt probably = draught, i.e., the flue of the chimney, The great chamber was the room behind the dais of the hall, at the end opposite the kitchen. b Spin. c I.e., quarry. d The vicar of Ashby-de-la-Zouch was John Herryson (i.e., Harrison), instituted 24 Sept.. 1477 (Lincoln Reg. xxi, fo. 73). He died before ro March, 1504-5 (Reg. xxm, fo. 253). THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLK. 285 fo. 73. Purchases.—John Lokyer, 500 spykynges at 5d. as. id. 5oo a at4 Sum ngs. 6d. fo. 7^d MONDAY, 16 SEPT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Carlyl, Robynson, VVhelpeley, 6 days at 35...... i8s. od. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 24,000 ... 365. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 4 days ...... as. 4d. Squyer, Hamurton, William ffypond,c 5 days 73. 6d. Nicholas, apprentice to Doyle, 5 days at 5d. as. id. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Brettby, sawing divers pieces of timber, 5 days ...... 53. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... aod. fo. 74. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, a cwt. of iron ... IDS. 8d. For sharping 9 dossen axes at ad. ... i8d. Labourers.—ffilip, Hudson, 5 days at 7d. ... as. nd. John Browne, 4 days at 3jd...... I4d. Carriage of sand.—Bowlott, 13 loads for mixing with lime, at 3d...... 35. 3d. Carriage of le grauell.—Bowlott, 14 loads for mending a path, at 3d...... 33. 6d. Sum £\ i8s. i id. fo. 74 d. MONDAY, 23 SEPT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Whelpley, Robynson, Carlyle, 6 days at 33...... i8s. od. Brekeleyeres in gross.—Corbell, 26,000 ... 393. od. o Spikings or other nails. b Rathes, i.e., cart-rails. • New man. T Vol. XI. 286 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Carpenters.—Doyle, 4 days ...... 2S. 8d. Hamerton, Squier, 5 days ...... 55. od. ffypond, 6 days ...... 33. od. Thomas Hochyn,3 2 days at 6d...... I2d. Nicholas and Richard Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 6 days at gd...... 45. 6d. Necessary costs.—Smyth, 2 cwt. of iron ... ros. 8d. John Alen, Thomas Alen, 400 assheler at 2s. 8s. od. Purchases.—John Lokyere, 2 Barelles for putt ing mortar in ...... I2d. fo- 75- Labourers.—ffylyp, Hudson, Brown, 6 days at io^d...... 55. 3d. Carnage of sand.—Bowlott, 20 loads from Golet at 3d...... 53. od. Carnage of le grauell.—Bowlott, 14 loads for mending a path for carriage, at 3d...... 33. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Wages.—Haslame, Clerkson, for the term of Michaelmas ...... IDS. od. Sum £6 os. igd. fo. 75 d. MONDAY, 30 SEPT. ftremassons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Whelpley, Robynson, Carlyle, 6 days ...... 183. od. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 35,000 ... 523. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 3$ days ...... 2s. 4d. John NiccoU," ffipond, 5 days ...... 53. od. Nicholas and Richard Kendale, apprentices to Dole, 6 days at gd...... 43. 6d. Sawyers.-—Mortymer, John Bretby, 4 days ... 45. od. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working 3 cwt. of iron ...... i6s. od. The same, for sharpyng 8 doz. axes ... i6d. fo. 76. Labourers.— ffilyp, Hudson, John Brown, at making a Cap for le fframe in le Orchard,b 6 days at io^d...... 55. 3d. 0 New men. b I.e., a covering for the frame, i.e., the engine employed for lifting material to the walls and towers. The ' frameyng place' previously alluded to is the place in the orchard where the engine was kept. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 287 Carriage ofsand.—Bo\v\ott, 30 loads .... 73. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkesson "... 2od. Sum £6 is. 5d. MONDAY, 7 OCT. ffremasons.—Cowper and Patryk his apprentice 73. od. Cowper, as his reward forgoing and returning from Kerby to Tattersale, by my lord's command IDS. od. Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Carlyll, Whelpley, Robinson, 6 days ...... i8s. od. fo. 76d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 2^ days ...... 2od. Nicholl, ffypond, 6 days ...... 6s. od. John Hamursley,3 i day ...... 6d. Nicholas Kendale, apprentice to Dole, 6 days 43. 6d. Labourers. — John Aphowell, at the quarry at moont adam,b for dyging a rood of earth, by agreement made in groos touching le ffreston ... 8s. od. John Powell, 5 days at 6d...... 2s. 6d. John Hewys, John Alen, 4 days at 8d. ... 2s. 8d. ffilyp, Hudson, John Brown, 6 days at io£d. 55. 3d. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working i cwt. of iron ...... 55. 4d. Smyth, for styllyng c 2 pykes for dyging le ffreston and for mending le kevell with stell d ... 6d. William Cowper, for hopyng 2 Barelles for putting le morter in ...... 6d. Purchases.-^-] ohn Lokyer, 13 Cartclowttes and nails for the wains ...... 23d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. fo. 77. Carriage of sand.—Bowlot, 29 loads ... 75. 3d. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corb'ell, 30,000 ... 455. od. Sum £6 us. 7d. MONDAY, 14 OCT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Whelpley, Robynson, Carlyl, 6 days ...... i8s. od. Brekeleyers in gross.—Coorbell, 21,000 ... 313. 6d. * Apparently another form of the name usually given as Hamerton. " Mount Adam. " Steeling. " Steel. 288 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Carpenters.—Doyle, 4 days ...... 2s. 8d. Hamersley, ffypond, Thomas Hochyn, John Nicolson," 4 days ...... 8s. od. Nicholl, Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 4 days 35. od. fo. 77 d. Sawyers.—Mortytner, Thomas Bretby, 4 days 45. od. Purchases.—John Lokyer, 1000 Clowt naill at 3d. for the towers, and 500 5 peny naill at 5d. for the towers ...... 43. 7d. Labourers.—Powell, at le quarre at diging le ffreston; 4 days ...... 2s. od. Hewes, Thomas Gardiner, 4 days at cleaning the clay ...... 2S. 8d. ffylyp, John Browne, 2 days at laying le Crappes under the bridge, for keeping the cap,b at 7d...... I4d. Hudson, at telling le Breke, 4 days at 3^d. ... I4d. Carriage of sand.—Boolott, 23 loads from Gullet 55. gd. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum £4. gs. 6d. f0 -g MONDAY, 21 OCT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Whelpley, Carlyl, Roberison, 6 days ...... i8s. od. Brekleyeres in gross.—Corbell, 4000 ... 6s. od. Brekeleyeres per diem.— Peter Corbell, 2 days at 7d., at le Coueryng the towers ...... i4d. Arnold Ruskyn, 6 days at 7d., at Coueryng the towers .. .., ... ..35. 6d. Labourers.—ffilip, Hudson, Browne, Steven Jeffson, Mores Gythyn, William Shawe, William Nicholson, Thomas Dddyng, at carrying le Crapes and Breke for Couering the towers, 6 days at 2s. 4d...... 145. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Hasselame, Clerkson ... 2od. fo. 78 d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 3 days, at making le jennes c for le Roves for the towers ...... 2s. od. ffyvepound, John Nicolson, Thomas Hogeson,d John Hammursley, 6 days ...... 123. od. Nicholas, Richard Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 6 days ...... 45. 6d. * Previously called Niccoll. " pro custod' cap'. ' The gin or engine forlifting_material, called below the • feme.' d I.e., Hochyn. THK BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 289 Sawyers.— Mortymer, Thomas Brettby, 6 days 6s. od. Purchases.—John Swanne, 2 Cabulles and a Roope for le Jenne for ffremasons ...... 8s. Sd. 2 pulleys for the said Jenne ...... 5d. Grease, for the wains and for Jennez and for sethyng the said pulles ...... I2d. A Cartwhell, bought of Thomas Rawlyn, for the said fferne a for le ffremasons ...... i8d. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working 3 cwt. of iron in ffirmentz and other necessaries ... i6s. od. For sharpyng 12 dosen axes at ad. ... 2S. od. Carriage of sand.—Bolott, 3 loads ...... gd. Sum 102s. 6d. fo. ^g. MONDAY, 28 OCT. ffremasons. — Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Bardalf, Wilson, Carlyll, Robeson, 5 days ... los. od. Carpenters. — Hochyn, ffypond, Nicholson, Ha- mursley, at le Couering the towers, 3 days ... 6s. od. Nicholas, Richard Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 3 days ...... 23. 3d. Sawyers. — Mortymer, Thomas Bretby, 2-J days 2s. 6d. Brekeleyres in gross. — Corbell, 1000...... i8d. Brekeleyeres per diem. — Peter Corbell, i£ day at yd. at leuelyng a tower...... io£d. Arnold Bruston,b 2 days at covering the walls, at yd...... ••• i4d. fo. 79 d. Labourers. — ffylyp, Hudson, Browne, 3 days'at io£d., at carrying Je Crapes on the towers ... 25. yjd. William Shawe, William Nicolson, 3 days at yd...... i4d.c Waynmen Bordyng. — Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 333. id. " See note c on previous page. The mechanism of the ' feme' was very simple : as the' cartwhell' implies, it was a windlass with ropes for hoisting. b Called Ruskyn in the previous week, Bruston is probably the name of the place he came from, most likely Burston in Norfolk, near Diss. Similarly the carpenter Thomas Wryght appears to have been known as Thomas Huckelscot (Hugglescote), and the mason William Robeson or Robinson as William Tattersall. Parallels are very numerous: the contemporary archbishop of York was known indifferently as Thomas Scott and Thomas Rotherham, and a vicar of Ashby-de-la-Zouch who died in 1477 was known as Henry Dawkyns or Langar. " Sic : for 2id. 290 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo. 80. Carriage of timber for wages.*—John Gybbes, 9 loads from Leycester, at 8d...... 6s. od. Robert Gamul, 25 loads from Leycester, at 6d. 125. 6d. John Cater, 10 loads from Leycester, at 6d. ... 55. od. John ffletcher of Newtone, 30 oaks from Brade- gate parke, by agreement made in gross by Ralph Petche and Roger Bowlott ...... 293. 8d. Richard Colles, 18 loads from Osse Baston woodez, at i2d...... 18s. od. Bowlott, 17 loads from Osbaston woddes, at I2d. 175. od. Sum £4 8s. 2d. Carriage of timber for love.b—For the cost of 21 loads from Osbaston wodes ...... 6s. gd. At Osbaston, for costs incurred there, as ap pears by bill made by Nicholas Sutton remaining in the keeping of R. Petche ...... 155. id. Nicholas Sutton, for the costs of 14 loads, as appears by bill made by the said Nicholas at Kerby'for the costs of 32 loads in bread, cheese and beer c ...... 6s. gd. 14 wains, for the carriage of timber from Os baston woode ...... 45. 8d. Sum 405. gd. fo. 80 d. Out-paytnents.&—John Boroughsher, for a wood called Borough spryng, bought of him for ^16 £8 os. od. For kyddyng 6 the said wood, viz., what is called Vnderwode f ...... iocs. od. Corbell, for hewyng, as appears by the bill made by Ralph Petche, viz., every week, 55. ^4 125. 6d. Thomas Syde, chaplain,& for his wages for 2 years, 8 marks ...... io6s. 8d. John Aphowell, for kestyng h le moote, i quarter, as appears by indenture made be tween, etc...... £24 os. od. For hay, bought of divers persons for oxen and deer," bought by Roger Bowlott and.John Cater ...... 303. od. Sum £48 gs. 2d. a Curia;/' maerem' pro stipend', b Cariay' pro amare. c in pan', cas' et s'uis'. " Soluc' fforinsec'. ' I.e., binding the underwood into faggots. ' vocaf Vnderwode. s capett'. >> I.e.. casting. ' pro bou' et dam'. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 291 SUM PAID BY RALPH PETCHE AND ROGER BOWLOTT TO DIVERS MEN AND IN OTHER NECESSARIES, AS APPEARS IN THE FOREGOING, IN RESPECT OF THE BUILDING OF THE MANOR OF KERBY, DONE BY COMMAND OF SIR WILLIAM HASTYNGES, KNIGHT, BEGINNING ON THE 2QTH DAY OF OCTOBER IN THE 2IST YEAR OF THE REIGN OF KING EDWARD IV. UNTIL THE 4TH DAY OF NOVEMBER IN THE 220 YEAR OF THE REIGN OF THE SAID KING, TO WIT, FOR A WHOLE YEAR: £497 53. 8jd. fo. 81. MONDAY, 4 Nov. NKXT AFTER THE FEAST OF ALL SAINTS, 22 EDW. iv. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Carlell, Whelpe- ley, Robynson, 6 days at 2S. 6d.a ...... 153. od. Breke leyeres and hewers.—Corbel], at hewyng le Breke for fireplaces, 6 days at 8d...... 45. od. Peter Corbell, Maligoo, John Dalle, Milner, Bruston, Ruddicowrt, 6 days at 2s. 6d. at hewing, covering the towers, and other things needful . . 153. od. CarpetersP—Hamursley, Hogeson, 4 days at squaring divers pieces of timber, at tod. ... 35. 4d. Nicholas Jonson, Richard Kendalle, appren tices to Doyley, 6 days at "jA...... 35. 6d. Necessary costs.—Robert Alein, Thomas Alen, or dyging 824 assheler at as. per 100 ... i6s. 4d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. io. 81 d. Purchases.— John Lokyer, 2 Ib. pyk called Stonne pyk c for vernysshing le ffirmentes ... 2d. Labourers.—Stephen ffletcher, for dyging 18 loads of sand at |d...... gd. a Wage reduced to $&. a day each for the winter. Similarly the brick layers under John Corbell are reduced from the 7d. previously paid to this class to sd., the carpenters from 6d. to 5d. and Doyle's apprentices from gd. to yd. (i.e., Nicholas from sd. to 4d., and Kendale from 4d. to 3d.). The labourers are reduced from 3$d. to 3d. >> Sic. " Stone pitch, i.e., inspissated or condensed pitch. 292 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ffylyp, Hudson, John Brownne, William Shawe, William Thyrcaston, Thomas Doddyng, Stephen Jefson, 6 days at making a sawepytt and carrying le Breke, lime and sand upon the towers for roofing,3 at aid...... IDS. 6d. Sum 735. jd. MONDAY, n Nov. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Whelp ley, Carlyle, Wil son, Robynson, 6 days at as. 6d...... 153. od. Brtkeleyers and htwers.—Corbell, in gross b ... 45. od. Peter Corbell, Malygoo, Ruddicowrt, Dale, Mylner, Brusston, at hewing and keueryng the towers, 5 days at as. 6d...... I2s. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clercson ... aod. £0.82. Carpenters.—Doyle, 3 days .. ... as. od. Hamersley, Hogeson, 6 days at iod., at making a house above le Sawe pylt in le Orchard ... 55. od. Nicholas Cowper, Nicholas Jonson, Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 6days at iid.c ... 55. 6d. Necessary costs.—John Hatter, for carriage of 41 cwt. 12 Ib. of lead from the abbey to Northyatte d in gross ...... I2d. Costs incurred with John Smythson, plumer, at weying 32 cwt. and for weyng the said 41 cwt. 12 Ib. of lead...... as. od. A Barell bought of John Lokyer, for putting water in ...... 6d. Labourers.— ffilyp, Hudson, Brown, Jeffson, Shawe, Doddyng, Nicolson, 5 days at roofing the towers, at aid...... 8s. gd. Carriage of sand.—Bowlot, a loads for mixing with lime for le ffremasons ...... 6d. Sum 6is. gd. a tectur'. b I.e., at the rate of 8d. a day, equivalent to the sum paid to the master-mason and master-carpenter. " I.e., 4d. to Nicholas Cowper and Kendale., 3d. to Nicholas Jonson. This is indicated by the account for the following week. " a Abbath' vsque North yatte. The meaning appears to be that old lead was bought from the abbot and convent of Leicester and carted from the abbey to a plumber's yard near the north gate of the town. [To be concluded.] THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIBBY MUXLOE CASTLK. 298 THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE, 1480-1484— [concluded]. MONDAY, 18 Nov. fo. 82 d. ffremasons.—Lylee ...... 33. 40!. Steynftorth, Bardalf, Wilson, Carlyll, VVhelpe- ley, Robynson, 6 days ...... 155. od. Carpenters.—Doylee, 2 days ...... i6d. Hamursley, Hochyn, 6 days ... • ... 55. od. Nicholas Cowpere, Kendalle, apprentices to Doyle, 6 days at 8d...... 43. od. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Brettby, 2^ days at iod.a ...... 2S. id. Breekf hewers.—Corbell, in gross ...... 43. od. Peter Corbell, Maligoo, Dalle, Mylner, Ruddi- cowrt, Bruston, 6 days ...... 153. od. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working I cwt. of iron ...... 53. 4d. For sharpyng 10 dosen axes with Chesell and other Tooles, at 2d...... 2od. fo. 83. Purchases.—Smyth, 2 locks bought for le tymbur hawe for gates,b at 4d...... 8d. Labourers.—ffilip, Hudson, Brown, Shawe, Jeff- son, Doddyng, 6 days at i8d. at drawing stubble, serving the masons, and carrying timber from Mootte to le Baron, for safe keeping ... 93. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 68s. id. fo. 83 d. MONDAY, 25 Nov. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Whelpeley, Car- rely], Robynson, 6 days...... 153. od. Breke hewers.—Corbel!...... 43. od. Maligoo, Peter Corbell, Dalle, Milner, Bruston, Ruddicourt, 5 days at 2s. 6d...... 125. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 2 days ...... i6d. Hodgeson, Hamursley, 5 days at rod. ... 43. 2d. Cowper, Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 5 days at 8d...... 33. 4d. a The sawyers' 'wages are 'reduced 'from 6d. a day to sd. b ij cer' empt pro le tymbur hawe pro ij port'. The ' tymbur hawe' is the hedge or palisade made to enclose the timber used by the carpenters. See the entry for labourers this week. The saw-pit was probably here. u Vol. XI. 294 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Sawyers.—Mortimer, Thomas Brettby, 3 days at iod., at sawing divers pieces of timber ... as. 6d. Labourers.—ffilyp, Hudson, Shawe, Brownne, 5 days at i2d...... 55. od. Jeffson, at serving the Thacker," 2 days at 3d. 6d. Roger Gaillerd, for thatching 15 a house in le orchard, 2 days at 5d...... iod. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson .. 2od. Sum 545. 2d. f0 g. MONDAY, 2 DEC. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Whelpley, Carelyl, Robynson, 6 days ...... 153. od. Brekeleyers per diem on the towers.—Corbel 1, at covering the towers ...... 45. od. Peter Corbell, Maligo, Dale, Mylner, Bruston, Ruddicowrt, at roofing the towers, 5 days ... ias. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 3 days ...... 2s. od. Hochyn, Hamursley, 4^ days ...... 33. gd. Cowper, Kendalle, apprentices to Doyle, 5 days at 8d...... 33. 4d. Labourers.—Hudson, at telling le Breke from the carts of John Faxe [5 days] at 3d. ... I5d. ffylip, Browne, at le Torching a store-house in le Orchard, in gross ...... 2s. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... aod. fo. 84 d. Necessary costs.—Smyth, a lock bought for the door of le tymber ha we ...... yd. William Pakewoode, for axelyng a wain and mending le Rathes, 6d., and a penny for mending a necessare le Sommers c ...... yd. Sum 505. 6d. MONDAY, 9 DEC. ffremasons.—Cowper ...... 43. od. Patrike Aker, apprentice, by the week ... 35. od. Lyle, by the week ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Carelyl, Whelpe- ley, Robynson, 6 days ...... 155. od. Brekeleyers.—Corbell ...... 43. od. " Gaillerd, mentioned in the next entry. b tectur'. The house was a store-house; see next week. ° I.e., the joists of a necessary house. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIBBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 293 Peter Corbell, Maligoo, Mylner, Dale, Ruddi- cowrt, Bruston, 6 days ...... 153. o<\. Carpenters.—Hogeson. 6 days ...... as. 6d. Cowper, Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 6 days at 8d...... 43. od. Sawyers.—Mortymer and his partner, sawing there, 6 days at rod...... 53. od. fo. 85. Necessary costs.—Smyth, for sharping 12 dosen axes with Chesells and other Toles, at ad. ... as. od. Labourers. —Hudson, 6 days, at telling le Breke, at 3d...... i8d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clercson ... aod. Sum 6is. od. MONDAY, 16 DEC. ffremasons.—Cowper ...... 43. od. Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Carlil, Willpley, Wilson, Robynson, Patrik Aker,a 6 days at as. ud. ... 175. 6d. Cowper, as a reward by my lord's command... los. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 3 days ...... as. od. Hochyn, 4 dajs at 5d...... aod. Cowper, Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 5 days at 8d...... 35. 4d. fo. 85 d. Brekeleyeres per diem upon the walls and towers.— Corbell ...... 45. od. Peter Corbell, Maligoo, Mylner, Dale, Ruddi- court, Bruston, 5 days ...... ias. 6d. Labourers.—Hudson, 5 days, at telling Breke and other needful business ...... I5d. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Bretby, 2 days aod. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haselame, Clercson ... aod. Sum 6as. ud. f0 86. MONDAY, 23 DEC. freemasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Bardalf, Carlyll, Robynson, 2 days at iod.b ... as. 6d. Brekeleyeres and Hewers.—Corbell...... 43. od. » Aker is paid sd. a day, like the rest of the masons. b Sic ; an error for I5d. 296 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Peter Corbell, Maligoo, Dalle, Mylner, Ruddi- cowrt, Bruston, i£ day at 2s. 6d...... 33. gd. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 153. 3d. Wages.—Haslame, Clerkson, for the term of Christmas ...... IDS. od.» fo. 86 d. MONDAY, 30 DEC. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Carlyle, Whelp- ley, Robynson, 6 days at 2s. 6d...... 153. od. Breekehewers.—Corbell...... 45. od. Peter Corbell, Maligoo, Dalle, Mylner, Ruddi- cowrt, Bruston, 5 days at 2s. 6d...... 125. 6d. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working I cwt. of iron ...... 53. 4d. Labourers.—Hudson, at telling le Breeke, 5 days I5d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 433. id. fo. g~ MONDAY, 6 jAN.b ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Whelpley, Car- lyll, Robynson, 6 days ...... 155. od. Brekehewersper diem.—Corbell ...... 43. od. Peter Corbell, Bruston, 5 days at xod. ... 43. 2d. Carpenters.—Hogeson, 5 days at 5d. ... 2s. id. Hamersley, 2-£ days ...... i2^d Cowper, Kendale, apprentices to Dole, 5 days at 8d...... 33. 4d. Sawyers.—Mortymer and his partner, sawing divers pieces of timber, 3 days at tod. ... 2s. 6d. Labourers.—Robert Alen, Thomas Alen, at le quarre, at cleaning le Cleybed, in gross by John Lyle at Asshby c ...... 25. 8d. Hudson, at telling le Breke, 5 days at 3d. ... I5d. Haslam, Clerkson ...... 2od. Sum 413. a This entry is cancelled with the note: ' Enrolled elsewhere' (irro" in al' loco.) b 1482-3. ° I.e., by an agreement made by Lyle at Ashby. It seems from a later entry that Lyle's home was at Ashby.de-la-Zouch. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 297 fo. 87 d. MONDAY, 13 JAN. ffremasons.— Lilee ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Carlell, Whelpe- ley, Robynson, 6 days ...... 153. od. William Synger, at Alton quarre, at scappling stone, 6 days at 6d...... as. 6d. a Breeke hewers per diem.—Corbell ... .,. 45. od. Peter Corbell, Bruston, 6 days at lod. ... 53. od. Carpenters.- -Doyle, 5 days ...... 35. 4d. Robert Swynshed,b 5^ days at 5d. .. is. 3d. c Hogeson, 6 days at 5d...... 23. 6d. Cowper, Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 6 days at 8d...... 43. od. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Bretby, 6 days at xod...... 53. od. Waynmen Bordyng.— Haslam, Clerkson ... aod. fo. 88. Purchases.—Peter Wynwood, 4 cwt. of iron and 5 Ib. at 53...... 2os. 2^d. A quarter of iron wrought in chains,d at i£d. per Ib...... 33. 6d. A lock for tembur hawe dure e ...... 4d. Necessary costs.—Smyth, for working i cwt. of iron in chains ...... 53. 4d. For sharping 12 dozen axes with smale Toles at 2d...... 2s. od. Labourers.—Hudson, 6 days at 3d., at telling le Breke ...... i8d. Robert Alen, Thomas Alen.for cleaning yee le quasell,f in gross ...... i2d. Sum /4 23. fo. 88 d. MONDAY, 20 JAN. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardallf, Wilson, Carlyll, Whelpe- ley, Robynson, 6 days ...... 153. od. Hewers le Breeke.—Corbell ...... 43. od. Peter Corbell, Bruston, 6 days at lod. ... 53. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 4 days ...... 2s. 8d. Robert Leycestre,e Thomas Hochen, 6 days at zod...... - ...... 5S. od. a Sic. Synger's wage of 6d. a day should be sd. b New man. c Sic : the sum should be zs. 3jd. d vn' quart' fferr' op'at in viiiclis. ' I.e., the door of the ' timber hawe.' l Sic : probably for ' ye le quarell,' i.e., the quarry at Alton. B Possibly the same as Robert Swynshed. 298 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Cowper, Kendalle, apprentices tcT Doyle, [6 days] at 8d...... 43. od. Purchases.—Thomas Ewlyn, a yard of woollen cloth of green colour for holding the accounts" I2d. Labourers. — Hudson, 6 days, at telling le Breeke, at }d...... i8d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkeson ... aod. Sum 435. 2d. 89- MONDAY, 27 JAN. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Carlyll, Robyn- son, Whelpeley, 6 days ...... 153. od. Breeke hewers.—Corbell, at making le seynters for le voowte b over le yathous ...... 45. od. Peter Corbell, Bruston, 6 days at lod, at the said senters ...... 55. od. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working 2 cwt. of iron ...... IDS. 8d. Smyth, for sharpyng 6 dosen axes at ad. ... I2d. Labourers.— ffylyp, Hudson, at levelyng le Growndes for Bachous,c 6 days at 6d. ... 35. od. Waynmen Bordyng,—Haslame, Clerkeson ... 2od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 3 days at 8d...... 2s. od. Hogeson, Robert More,d $\ days at lod. ... 45. jd. " vri vig' (sic. for viry') panri lan' color' virid' pro compot' habend'. The green cloth was checkered in squares, and the accounts reckoned by moving counters in the squares assigned to hundreds, twenties and tens of pounds and to shillings and pence. In adding up on paper, the total amounts were often entered as a series of dots, corresponding to the counters on the cloth : there are several such entries in the present set of accounts, usually dotted in at the bottom corner of a leaf, in the case of long sums, or where the account was made up to a certain point anrl had to be carried on. Thus, on fo. 91 occurs the reckoning from 3 November, the first week of the builders' year, to 21 February, viz., £45 75. ojd., represented by two dots for £20 x 2, five for £5, seven for 73., and two set diagonally for id. Such entries, however, were made quite irregularly, and without any note of explanation, and were sometimes noted quite casually. The best instance occurs in the long account for carriage of stone on ff. lod—I2d, where the dots at the bottom of each page are as follows: fo. lod, £6 143. id.; fo. u, £6 us. 8d.; fo. nd, £10 los. 5d.; fo. i^, £12 gs. yd.; fo. I2d, £14 gs. 2d., the entire sum (undotted) being £50 143. nd., the amount entered. See p. 228 above. b I.e., centres, centering, for the vault. This entry marks the completion of the gate-house walls as far as the first storey. c The foundations for the bakehouse. ' It will be noticed that a separate Robert occurs in four successive weeks among the two under-carpenters employed at 5d. each daily. The surnames are Swynshcd, Leycester, More and Wryght. The THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 299 Nicholas Cowper, Nicholas Brown, Kendall, apprentices to Doyle, 6 days at 12d.a ... 6s. od. Sum 563. 3d. fo. 89 d. MONDAY, 3 FEB. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Carllyll, Whelp- ley, Robynson, 6 days at 3s.b ...... i8s. od. Brekeleyers per diem.—Corbell, upon le Vootte, in gross ...... 4S. od. Bruston, Peter Corbell, 6 days at iad. ... 6s. od. Carpenters.—Hochyn, 6 days at 6d. ... 35. od. Robert Wryght, ^ days at 6d...... 2s. gd. Nicholas More,c Kendale, 6 days at 8d. ... 43. od. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Bretby, 6 days at I2d...... 6s. od. Necessary expenses.—John Pakewoode, for Bussh- ing, Axelyng and Rattling 2 wains, in gross ... i6d. Haslam, for candles for watching over the oxen in winter time,d bought of Thomas Gardyner 5d. William Cowper, for hoping diuers Barell and Tubbes ...... gd. fo. go. Labourers.—Hudson, ffylyp, Anttone ffrere,6 at levelyng the ground for the kitchen/6 days at gd. 43. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Symons Haslame, Clerkson 2od. Sum 555. gd. MONDAY, 10 FEB. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Whelpeleey, Carlyll, Wil son, Robynson, 6 days ...... i8s. od. names continue indifferently, with the exception of Swynshed, for nearly six months, More being the usual surname, but are never found together. The use of surnames in the middle ages was as elastic as their spelling, and it is highly probable that the same man, by change of abode, was known both as Swynshed and Leycester. More may signify the particular spot where he lived at the time, on some neighbouring heath ; while Wryght is, of course, a common surname for a carpenter. 1 Le., 4d. each. b The daily wages of the masons, bricklayers, car penters and sawyers rise from 50!. to 6d. this week. c A new Nicholas. See note on p. 282 above. * pro candell' superuis' Bou' in tempore Brumal', i.e., for use in the ' ox-house' after dark. • New man. f Cf. with the mention of the bakehouse in the previous week. A new kitchen and offices were contemplated at this point, and it is not unlikely that, had not the work been hindered by Hastings' execution in the following June, the whole of the mansion within the site might have been similarly rebuilt. 8 Sic ; for William. 300 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. John Clierchman,a 4 days at 6d...... 2s. od. Leycrs Breke per diem.—Corbell, at leyng Breke upon le Wootte in le yatte howse ...... 45. od. Peter Corbell, Bruston, 6 days ...... 6s. od. A seruitur, 4-J days at 3d...... i3id. Carpenters. — Thomas Hochinsoii, Robert Wryghte, Robert Redde, 5% days at i8d. ... 8s. 3d. 2 apprentices to Doyle, 6 days ...... 45. od. fo. god, Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Brettby, 4 days 43. od. Labourers.—Robert Alen, Thomas Alenn, for working at Aleton clay-bed b at cleaning and other needful business, by agreement made in gross, and for 100 Asshler, at 100 Assheler dyging 2s., by agreement made by the vicar c and John Lyle, and for ffeing d ...... los. od. ffylyp, Hudson, at working at telling and lyueryng 0 Breke, 5 days at 6d...... 2s. 6d. Necessary costs.—Smyth, for sharpyng 6 dosen axes at 2d...... I2d. Purchases.—A sieve f for syftyng and a Baston Ropes for tying senters...... ad. Carriage of le pybulles.—Bowlott, for carriage and gathering 24 loads, at 3d...... 6s. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslain, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 725. ojd. (o QJ MONDAY, 17 FEB. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Willson, Thomash Chyrch- inan, Whelpley, Robynson, 6 days ...... i8s. od. Carlyll, 4 days ...... 23. od. Brekeleyers.—Corbell ...... 45. od. Peter Corbell, Bruston, 6 days, in le voote of yate hous ...... 6s. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 5 days ...... 33. 4d. Robert Leycester, Thomas Hogeson, 6 days 6s. od. Kendalle, Nicholas More, apprentices to Doyle, 6 days at 8d...... 43. od. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Bretby, 5 days 53. od. • New man. " terr' lut'. The words occur out of order and are written in after in i/rots' below ap<* Aleton. c See note on p. 284 above. •" Sic. 1 Feeing' is ' cleaning out': the verb is usually found in the forms ' fay ' afld ' feigh.' e I.e., delivering. f vn' cribr' ' I.e., a basten rope, made of bast. b Previously John. William Cherchman occurs on 4 February, and John agaiu the week after. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 301 Necessary expenses.—Smyth, 12 locks bought at 6d...... 6s. od. For sharpyng 4 dozen axes at 2d. ... 8d. Labourers.—ffilip, Hudson, Roger Bocher, An- tone Docheman,a at serving John Coibell and telling breke, [6 days] at I2d...... 6s. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Hasselame, Clerkson ... aod. Sum 66s. od. fo. 91 d. Carriage of ffreston. — John Howson, Thomas Jekes, John Pollerd, John Hunt, n loads from Haleton, at i6d...... 143. 8d. John Claibroke, i load from Dryst)'e,b at 6d.... 6d. Howson, Jakes, William Hunt, Polerd, John ffletcher, William ffletcher, Robert Ormeston, Richard Hawe, Robert Colton, 12 loads from Aleton, at i6d...... i6s. od. Ormeston, Jeke, John Wyndhull, Robert Thomson, 12 loads'from Aleton ...... i6s. od. John ffletcher, Robert Jakes, Polerd, Howson, Thomas Parnell, 14 loads ...... i8s. 8d. Ormeston, Thomas Jekes, Wyndull, John Webster, Thomas Dawes, 25 loads from Halton 335. 4d. Parnell, 2 loads from Alton ...... 2s. 8d. Howson, Robert Jakes, John Grenewey, Wil liam Hunt, 12 loads from Halton ...... i6s. od. Ormeston, John Thomson, Thomas Jeeke, Wyndull, 18 loads ...... 24s. od. John ffletcher, John Hunt, Polerd, Thomas Jekes, 6 loads from Haleton ... .. 8s. od. Thomas Jeke, Wyndull, John Tomson, Ormes ton, 31 loads...... 415. 4d. r John ffletcher, William ffletcher, Robert Jakes, " ' William Howson, William Hunt, 15 loads from Aleton ...... 2os. od. Thomas Jeke, Wyndull, Robert Jouson, John Howson, 10 loads from Aleton ...... 133. 4d. Sum £11 43. 2d. c fo. 92 d. Carriage of Roughston. — John Swythel," 5 loads at 5d...... 2s. id. John Clerke of Groby, 4 loads ...... 2od. John Cooke, 8 loads ...... 33. 4d. * Possibly identical with Anthony Frere. b Unidentified. 0 Sic. The exact sum is £11 45. 6d., which is dotted correctly below the last entry in the account, but written wrongly. d Swythel', probably abbreviated for Swytheland (Swithland). 302 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Thomas Jemeson, William Colton, Robert Colton, 20 loads ...... 8s. 4d. Clerke, John Adcook, Thomas Swythell, 18 loads ...... 75. 6d. Cook, Thomas Parnell, William Colton, Robert Colton, Thomas Ward of Rootby,a 29 loads ...... I2s. id. John Pollerd, 5 loads ...... as. id. Adecoke, 5 loads ...... 23. id. Thomas Heyn, Thomas Adcoke, Thomas Ward, John Hunt, Richard Hawe, Thomas ffox, John Adcoke, John Cooke, William Jeke, William Coolton, Thomas Parnell, 97 loads...... 403. 5d. Sum 793. fo. 93d.b MONDAY, 24 FEB. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Robynson, Wilson, Car- lyll, William c Cherchman, 6 days ...... i8s. od. Brekeleyers per diem.A—Corbell, in le voote, in gross ...... 45. od. Brekeleyers in gross.—Peter Corbell, Bruston, for le leying 7000 at i8d...... IDS. 6d. Carpenters.— Hogeson, Robert More, 5 days at i2d...... 55. od. Kendalle, Nicholas More, apprentices to Doyle, 5 days at 8d...... 33. 4d. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Bretby, 4 days at i2d...... 45. od. Labourers.— Hudson, ffilyp, Roger Bocher, at leuellyng ground within the place, 5 days at i5d. 35. gd. e John Alen, Thomas Alen, for cleaning the clay and earth over le ffreston, in gross ... 45. ad. For dyging 100 Assheler ...... 2s. od. fo. 94. Purchases.—2 Boolles, 4 doysshis f for le breke- leyers ...... 3d. 2 dozen Ropes for Scaffoldyng ...... i2d. John Parsons, for half a Toone of iron ... 483. ^d.s John Lokyer, 3000 nails, at 43. 2d. per 1000, for doors and Scaffoldyng and centers and other things needful ...... 123. 6d. 2000 3 peny Naill ...... 55. od. " Ratby. "• Fo. 93 is blank. c See note on p. 300 above. d Sic. The details of this and the next entry are both in gross. • Sic. ' I.e., dishes. e This works out at 45. lod. per cwt. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 303 For pyke for varnisshing Bandes, ffirmentes and other needful things ...... 4d. Carnage of h pybitlles.—Bowlot, 31 loads le pybull for mending paths, at 3d...... 75. gd. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... aod. Sum £6 143. i id. fo. 94d. MONDAY, 3 MARCH. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalt. Robynson, Wilson, Car- rell,a Whelpley, John b Chercheinan, 6 days at 35. 6d...... 2is. od. Brekmen.—Corbell, in Botaillyng in c lee vootte for half a week ...... as. od. Peter Corbel, in le ffoundacions for the bridge/1 days at 6d...... 35. od. e Antone, apprentice to John Corbell, 6 days at 4d...... 23. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 4 days ...... 2s. 8d. Robert More, 5% days at 6d...... 2s. gd. Hogeson, 6 days ...... 33. od. Nicholas Porter,* Kendalle, apprentices to Doyle, 6 days at 8d...... 43. od. Sawyers.—Mortynier, Thomas Bretby, 5 days 55. od. Waynmm Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... aod. f°- 95- Labourers.—ffilyp, Hudson, Bocher, William Thircaston, Stephen Jefson, 6 days at telling le Breke and serving the masons in the foundations, at I5d...... 75. 6d. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working 3 cwt. of iron, at a cwt. wirchin,e 53. 4d...... i6s. od. For sharping 8 dosen axes at 2d. ... i6d. Sum 753. 3d. MONDAY, 10 MARCH. ffremasons.—Cowper ...... od. Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardallf, Wilson, Carlyll, Robyn son, Patryke Aker, 6 days at 33...... i8s. od. * Sic. b See note on p. 300 above. c Apparently this means •enclosing the vault with an outer battlement.' The machicolations mentioned a few weeks later probably had to do with this. d per pout', a mistake for propont'. The new bridge to the gatehouse is meant. 'Sic. * A new Nicholas. Cowper, Jonson, Brown and More are the other surnames. e I.e., working a cwt. 304 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Brckelcyers.—Corbell, in le vowte, in gross ... 45. od. Peter Corbel), Bruston, for leyng 7000 Breke IDS. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 3 days ... .. 2s. od. Hogeson, 6 days ...... 35. od. More, 5^ days ...... 2s. gd. Nicholas Prentes,3 Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, [6 days] at 8d...... 45. od. fo. 95 d. Sawyers.— Mortymer, Thomas Brettby, 5 days 55. od. Labourers.—Hudson, Bocher, at cleaning the towers of their covering for the winter season, 6 days ...... 33. od. ffilip, 2 days ...... 6d. Waynmcn Bordyng.— Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Carriage of pyb^tlles.—Boolott, 36 loads at 30., for mending divers places for carriage for stores b gs. od. Sum 705. gd. fo. 96. Payments for burning lime.c—John Love of Ba rough, I March, at Leycester, anno 22 Edw. iv.d 6os. od. Paid by the hand of John Grage, 20 April ... 6os. od. John Love, at Kerby, 4 May ...... 405. od. John Loue, by the hand of John Brown, 24 May, at Kerby ...... 6os. od. Sum £11 os. od.e fo. g6d. Carriage of lime.—John Somerveyll, James Sa- mon, John Baker. John Grage, William Doxe, William Bradshawe, 16 loads at I4d. ... i8s. 8d. Richard Coolies, John Claybroke, 5 loads, each of 4 quarters...... 55. lod. John Baker of Groby, n loads from Barough 125. lod. ohn Somerffelde, 7 loads ...... 8s. 2d. ohn Grage, William Doxee, William Brad shawe,J Richard Sare, 17 loads from Barough ... igs. lod. John Clerk, Samon, Somerfeld, Baker, John Clerk,'26 loads from Barough ...... 303. 4d. Sare, Grage, John Tawell, 15 loads ... 173. 6d. John Browne, Thomas Brown, 14 loads from Barough ...... i6s. 4d. Grage, 3 loads from Barough ...... 35. 6d. John Claybroke, 15 loads from Barough .. 173. 6d. Sum £7 jos. 6d. * Prentes merely = apprentice, a name which could be applied equally to the various persons called Nicholas already mentioned. b pro emend' diutrc' loc' pro caring' pro staur'. ° Soluc' pro intend' calc'. d I March, 1482-3. « u is dotted in the margin. ' Sic. " Dotted in the margin. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 305 fo. 97d.a MONDAY, 17 MAKCH. ffremasons.—Cowper ...... 43. od. Lyle ...... 35. 46. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Wilson, Robynson, Whelpley, Carelyll, Patrike Aker, apprentice to Cowper, 6 days ...... 2is. od. Cowper, as his reward for going and returning from Tattursalle to Kerby , and from Kerby to Tattursale ...... us. 4d. Brekeleyeres and pyctur'.b—Peter Corbel], 10,000 Breke ...... 153. od. John Corbell, in le vowte ...... 45. od. Maligoo, Milner, Bruston, Ruddicowrt, at pictura of the wall, 6 days ...... i2s. od. Carpenters.—More, 5^ days ...... 2s. gu. Hogeson, 6 days ...... 33. od. Nicholas More, Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 6 days at 8d...... 43. od. fo. 98. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Brettby, 6 days 45. od. Labourers.—Hudson, ffilyp, Bocher, 6 days at gd., at dyging foundations at le Brygyend ... 43. 6d. John Browne, cutting up ashes c and other things needful, 5 days ...... I5d. William Shawe, at making le morter and serv ing John Corbell in le voote, 6 days ... i8d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Carriage of pibulles.—Bowlott, 35 loads at 3d., for mending paths ...... 8s. gd. Sum loas. id. Wages.—Clerkson, Haslame, for the term of the Annunciation of blessed Mary the Virgin ... IDS. od.d fo 08d. MONDAY, 24 MARCH. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Whelpley, Robynson, Carlyll, Wilson, 5 days ...... 153. od. Brekeleyers in gross.—John Corbell, 15,000 Breke 225. 6d. Corbell, 13,000 of hewn Breke at divers times without tally e ...... 195. 6d. * Fo. 97 is blank. b Maligoo. Milner and Ruddicowrt return this week to the work for which they appear to have been engaged in the first instance. " ffieger' ffraxlri. d Cancelled with the note ' enrolled elsewhere ' (irroa in ulio loco). ' iliuen' vie' sin Tall'. 806 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Brckeleyers per diem.—Mylner, Bruston, 3 days at I2d., at pyctura ...... 33. od. Carpenters.— Hochenkynson,a 2 days ... I2d. Kendalle, More, apprentices to Doyle, 3 days as. od. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Brettby, 2-J days at I2d...... 2S. 6d. to. 99. Purchases.— John Bailly of Braunston, for stubble bought of him for covering le sawpit within Tymbur hawe, by agreement made ... 35. 8d. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working 3 cwt. of iron ...... i6s. od. Smyth, for sharpyng 15 dosen axes ... 2S. 6d. William Cowper, for hoping and cutting of 6 Barelles for le Brekemen for lime to be put therein ...... nd. Labourers.—Thomas Alen, Robert Alen, for diging 40 Assheler ...... 8d. ffilyp, Hudson, Brown, John Peyntour, Alan Stathum, 3 days in the foundations of the kitchen, at I5d...... 35. gd. Bocher, I day ...... 3d. Roger Gailler, for thakyng le Sawpit, 2 days at 5d...... lod. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkeson ... aod. Carnage of pybulles.—Bowlott, for carriage of 20 loads at 3d., with gathering ...... 53. od. Sum 1043. id. fo. ggd. MONDAY, 31 MARCH.b ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Robynson, Carlill, 3 days at 2s...... 6s. od. Brekeleyers in gross.—John Corbell, 15,000 ... 225. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle 2 days ...... i6d. Robert Wryght, 2^ days ...... i5d. Nicholas Moore, Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 3 days at 8d...... 2s. od. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Brettby, 3 days 33. od. Labourers.—ffilip, Hudson, John Brown, Alen Stathum, Peyntur, 3 days, at telling le Breke and dyging in le ffoundacions, at I5d. ... 33. gd. * Another form of the name which has appeared as Hochyn, Hogeson, etc., which reminds us that Hutchins, Hodges, Hodgson, Hutchinson, Hodgkinson. are all forms of one and the same patronymic surname. b Easter Monday, 1483. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 307 Thomas Gardiner, 3 days at 4d...... I2d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... aod. Sum 455. iod. a fo. 100. Expenses incurred upon John Eles Kylne, viz.:— Inprimis, paid to John ffauxe for 4 men Bor- dyg b by the space of 8 wykes, paing ffor euery manes Borde a Wyke I4d...... 373. 4d. Item, payd ffor the hyre of 3 men by the space of 8 wikes, euery man takyngin the Wike 8d. ffor settyng of Breke in to a Newe kylne ... i6s. od. Item, Antony Doche man 0 euery wike ffor his hyre lod...... 6s. 8d. Item, payd for Brennyg" of the same kylne by the space of a wyke vn to the noumbre of Breke, 100,000 ...... us. 4d. Item, paid for ffellyng and Brekyng of 78 loode of Wood, the price of a lood ffellyng and Brekyng i£d...... gs. gd. Item, payd to Roger Bowlolt, John Cater, John ffletcher, Richard Cooles, ffor the carige of 6i'lood ffro the ffryth vn to the kylne payng 8 for euery lode cariage 4d...... 2os. 4d. Item, payd ffor 2 lode of spyldyng f to brene among the Grene wood in the kylne ... 2s. 4d. Item, payd ffor a lode of spyldyng, price I4d., bowght of William Types for brenyng of the same kylne ...... I4d. Sum 1043. iid." fo. lood. Payments for carnage of le Breke of John Elees.— Roger Gaillarde, 3000, from Breeke place to the place, at 6d, ...... i8d. Thomas Rawlynsse, 25,500 at 6d. per 1000 ... 123. gd. Sum 143. 3d.' TOTAL FOR THESE 22 WEEKS'* ... £111 135. 4^d. »/i2 I2S. od. dotted near the foot of the page, being the sum of the last three weeks. b Sic : for bonlyng. ° I.e.. Dutchman. d Sic : for bnmiyng, i.e., burning. ' The word has been carelessly altered from eit'y (every) and appears aspi'yng. ! Refuse wood, « Note in margin Item xvij carect' cumplaustr' dom' (item, 17 cart-loads with my lord's wains). * ^5 45. tod, (sic.) dotted in margin. 'Dotted in margin. * I.e., from Monday, 4 Nov., 1482, to Saturday, 5 April, 1483. 808 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo. 101. MONDAY, 7 APRIL." ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4 * King Edward iv. died on Wednesday, 9 April. b I,e., the buckets and barrels used with the ' fern' or engine for lifting material. c Sic. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIBBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 309 William Alen, for dyging 36 loads of sand at |d...... i8d. Thomas Gardiner, 6 days at ~4d...... 2s. od. fo. 102. Purchases. —John Lokyer, 1000 nails for locks, at lod. per 100 ...... 8s. 4d. 1000 Stonlathnaill ...... i2d. 1000 threepeny Naille ...... 2s. 6d. 6 Barelles at 6d...... 35. od. 4 Cartclowtes for the wains at id. ... 4d. For 4 Ib. of le pyke for vernishing ffirmentes 4d. Waynmen Bordyng. — Haslame,.Clerkson ... 2od. Carnage of le pibulles. — Bowlott, 33 loads at 3d., with gathering ...... 8s. 3d. Carnage of sand. — Bowlot, 38 loads, for mixing with lime, at 3d...... gs. 6d. Sum £6 133. id. fo. io2d. MONDAY, 21 APRIL. ftremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynfforth, Bardalf, Carelyll, Robynson, Wil liam Shyngulton,a 5 days at 2s. 6d...... I2S. 6d. A mason, squaring divers stones at Swarston Bryg,b for machecoles,c by agreement made by John Lyle ...... 6s. lod. John Blakeburn,d 2 days at 6d...... I2d. Breekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 20,000 ... 303. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 2 days ...... i6d. Hochekynson, 3 days ...... i8d. More, 11 day ...... gd. Nicholas More, Kendalle, apprentices to Doyle, 4 days at 8d...... 25. 8d. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Brettby, sawyers of divers timbers, 3 days ...... 35. od. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working 4 cwt. of iron ...... 2is. 4d. For sharpyng 9 dosen axes, at 2d. ... i8d. ffor stelyng 6 wedges and matokes for Alton quarre ...... 6d. * New man. b See note on p. 260. * Machicolations. The stones were for the projecting corbels on the outer edge of which the parapet wall was set: machicolations are the holes between .these through which missiles could be dropped upon an enemy at the foot of the wall. At this date the row of corbels was frequently merely ornamental; but mach- icolated parapets also occur in some places, as in the fine examples at Tattershall castle. d New man. w Vol. XI. 310 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. John Bakwell, for dyging divers corbelles at Swarston Bryg, by agreement made by John Lyle ... ' ...... 6s. 8d. fo. 103. John Estwike, for ffeing a i-J Roode, taking for one Roode ffeing at Alelon 6s...... gs. od. Purchases.—Lokyer, for a Tone yron ^4 IDS od. John Wilson, for a Barell for morter to be put in...... 6d. John Swane, for a Rope for le jene for wyndyng ffrestone upon the towers, conteyning 14 fadum 75. od. For 4 dozen Corde for tying b scaffold poles ... as. od. Labourers.—Hudson, ffilp, Bocher, Peyntour, Brown, Richard Walker, William Basforth, Thomas ffilip, 4 days, at cleaning le ffundacions and levellyng ground for the kitchen, at 2s. 3d.c gs. od. Thomas Gardiner, 4 days at 4d...... i6d. Masons.—John Crosse,d in le foundations of the kitchen, 4 days at 6d...... 2s. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Carnage of sand.—Bowlot, 23 loads at 3d. ... 53. gd. Carriage ofpibulles.—Bowlot, 21 loads at 3d. ... 53. 3d. Sum £11 6s. 5d. fo. iO3d. MONDAY, 28 APRIL."" ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Carelyll, Robynson, Shin- gulton, 5 days at 2s. 6d...... 125. 6d. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 22,000 ... 333. od. Roughmasons.—Crosse, at making foundations for the kitchen, 4 days at 6d...... 23. od. Carpenters.— Hochekynson, 4 days ... 2s. od. More, 3-^ days, at inbowyng le fflorth f upon the towers, at 6d...... aid. Nicholas More, Kendalle, apprentices to Doyle, 4 days at 8d...... 23. 8d. Labourers. — ffilip, Hudson, Thomas ffilip, Stathum, Basforth, Walker, Brown, Peyntour, 4 days at 2s...... 8s. od. Gaidiner, 4 days at 4d...... i6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. •See note on p. 299. b and (sic) ligand'. c Sic: one man appears to be left out. d One of the rough-masons returns. e The week during which the duke of Gloucester effected his revolution by the arrest of Rivers, etc., at Northampton on 30 April. f ' Inbowyng ' = bending into a curved or arched form. The ' fflorth ' is the floor of the upper part of the towers, above the vaulting, but apparently following its curves. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OP KIBBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 311 fo. 104. Necessary costs.—Thomas Alen, 220 Assheler dyging, at as. per 100, by agreement made by John Lyle ...... 45. 46. For ffeing of the clay above the stone, 2 days 6d. William Cowper, for mending le Barelles ... 4d. William Pakewode, for Busshing 2 wains and for mending le Rathes and Cartladurs" ... i6d. Carnage of sand.—Bowlott, 20 loads, with diging at 3d. , ...... 53. od. Carriage of pibttlles.—Bowlott, 24 loads, with gathering, for mending the way within the place and the venil b called Copelane and other places, at 3d...... 6s. od. Sum £4. 55. gd. fo. io4d. MONDAY, 5 MAY. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Robynson, 6 days at i8d. gs. od. Singulton, Carlill, i day ...... I2d. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 14,000 ... 2is. od. Roughmasons.—Crosse, i day, at the foundations of le pastre c ...... 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 2 days ...... i6d. More, 4 days ...... 2s. od. Hochekynson, 2-£ days ...... I5d. Nicholas More, Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 4^ days at 8d...... 35. od. Nicholas Cowper.'a days at 5d...... lod. Labourers.—ffilip, Hudson, Thomas ffilip, Brown, John 11 Walker, Richard Peyntour, Sta- thum, Basefforth, i day ...... 2s. od. Gardiner, i day ...... 4d. fo. 105. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working 4 cwt. of iron ...... 2is. 4d. For sharping 8 dosen axes ...... i6d. Thomas Alen, for dyging 360 Asshler at 2s. per 100, by agreement made by John Lyle ... 73. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haselam, Clerkson ... 2od. Carriage of sand.—Bowlott, 14 loads at 3d. ... 35. 6d. Sum £4. os. 5d. * Cart-ladders: see note on p. 235 above. b See note on p. 266 above. « The new pastry or bakehouse. d Walker and Peyntour have changed surnames by mistake. 812 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo. 1050!. MONDAY, 12 MAY." ffrcmasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d Steynforth, Bardalf, Robynson, 6 days at i8d. gs. od Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbell, 13,000 ... igs. 6d. Carpenteres.—Doyle, 6 days ... .. 45. od More, 5-^ days ...... as. gd Nicholas Cowper, Kendalle, apprentices to Doyle, 6 days at gd.b ...... 45. 6d Nicholas More, apprentice, 2 days at 4d. ... 8d Sawytrs.—Mortymer, Thomas Bretby, sawing divers pieces of timber, 3^ days ...... 33. 6d Labourers.—Hudson, g£ days, 3^ days one week, 6 days the other, at 3d...... 2s. 4^ Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od Sum 513. fo. 106. MONDAY, ig MAY, IN THE FEAST OF PENTECOST. ffremasons.— Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Robynson, 3 days ... 43. 6d. Brekeleyers in gross.—Corbel!, 6000 ... gs. od. Carpenters.—More, 2^ days ...... I5d. Nicholas Cowper, 3 days at 5d...... i$d. Nicholas Barker, Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 3 days at 8d...... 2s. od. Labourers.—Thomas Pocok, for making palings from the corner of Christopher's house to the corner of the mill,c in gross ...... as. 6d. ffilip, 3 days ...... gd. William Claybroke, for dressing 13 cartloads of palings ...... ig^ William Jee, for dressing a railtre,d by agree ment made...... 4d William Cowper, for hoping a Cowle and 2 Barelles ...... 4d Carriage of palings.—Bowlot and John Cater, 12 loads from le ffryth at 4d...... 43. od Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od Sum 323. • This week Gloucester was declared protector and Edward v. was sent to the Tower. b Cowper gets 5d., Kendale 4d. c pro fact' palic' a corner' Xpofur' dom' vsq' corerr' (sic) mclend'. Christopher's house is probably the cottage in which Christopher Clerkson the wainman was boarded. Pocok's ' yard,' which adjoined the castle precincts, is mentioned in the accounts, and the wainmen appear to have been lodged in his house at first (p. 234 above). "I.e. a rail-tree, railing. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 313 MONDAY, 26 MAY. ffremasons. — Cowper, with his apprentice ... js. od. Lyle ...... 3s. 4<3. Steynforth, Bardalf, Robynson, 6 days ... gs. od. John Gamull,a 4 days ...... as. od. Cowper, as his reward by my lord's command los. od. Brekeleyeres in gross. — Corbell, 12,000 ... iSs. od. Brekeleyers per diem. — Corbell, upon the towers, 2 days ...... i6d. Bruston, 2 days ...... i2d. Labourers. — Hudson, ffylyp, Brown, Henry Corbel, 5 days ...... 53. od. Stephen Jesson,b Shawe, John Stanton, at serving John Corbell, 2 days ...... i8d. Carpenters. — Doyle, i day ...... 8d. More, 4^ days ...... 2s. 3d. Nicholas Couper, 5 days at 5d...... as. id. Nicholas Baker,c Kendalle, apprentices to Doyle, 5 days at 8d...... 35. 4d. Sawyers. — Mortymer and his partner, 4 days 43. od. Waynmen Bordyng. — Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 723. ad. ' e Purchases of lead. — For lead bj the hands of Robert Wodhous at Assheby in presence of Robert Moine, for 4 ffoder f bought ... £8 os. od. John Smythson, for 2 ffoder bought of him, at ^4 3s. 4d...... £8 6s. 8d. Carriage of lead. —John Wodehous, 4 ffoder from Worcesworth Bollese at 6s. 8d...... a6s. 8d. Purchases of wood. — John Bowsser, knight, for 2 closes called Crampez hey, Colton hey, by agree ment made in gross ...... IDS. od. h Sum of the page £18 33. a New man. b Sic : for Jefson. c Sic : called Barker previously. d In the margin are dots for £20 + 18, 143. sjd., i.e., ^38 143. sjd,. the sum from Monday, 7 April. c Fo. 107 is blank. * I.e., fothers. The lead referred to is that from Wirksworth mentioned under the heading of carriage. The difference in price between the lead bought directly from the mines and that bought from Smythson will be noticed. B The boles or smelting-places at the lead-mines of Wirksworth in Derbyshire. The hamlet north-east of the town is known as Bolehill. h Originally written vj li x i., but vj li has been partially erased. 314 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo. 108. Payments to the plumber.3—John Smythson, for working 4 ffoder, price of one ffoder kestyng* and leying, 55...... 203. od. John Smythson, for working 3 ffoderz, price of kestyng and leying one ffother, 55. ... 15s- od. 34Ib le sodre c for le pypes at 3d., for le soder- yng le gutteres, as appears 8s. 6d. John Plummer, Thomas Jacson, for sodering and leying le Roves, with Takyng vp arrears,"1 12 days at I2d. 125. Od. Sum 55s- 6d. to. io8d. MONDAY. 2 JUNE. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Steinforth, Robynson, Gamull, 6 days ... gs. od. Bardalf, 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. Thomas Bakewell, for scappling stones at Swarston Brygge, by agreement made by John Lyle ...... 6s. 8d. John Roodman, for scappling and getyng free stone 0 at Aleton, by agreement, etc. .. 75. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 6 days ... .. 45. od. Mores More, 5-^ days at 6d...... 2s. gd. Nicholas Cowpere, 6 days at 56...... 2s. 6d. Nicholas Baker, Richard Prentice,1 appren tices to Doyle, 6 days at 8d...... 43. od. John Nicholson, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Brtkehyeres per diem.—Corbell, by the week ... 45. od. Ruddicowrt, 6 days ...... 33. od. Bruston, 4 days ...... 2s. od. Antone Yzebronde, 6 days at 4d,...... 2s. od. Henry Corbell, apprentice to John Corbell, 6 days at 3d...... i8d. fo. 109. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Brettby, 6 days 6s. od. Labourers.—Hudson, fillip, Brown, Shawe, Jef- son, Doddyng, at serving ffremasons and Breke- men, 6 days at i8d...... gs. od. William Nicolson, 4 days ...... I2d. John Graunt,^ 5 days...... i^d. Purchases.—John Swane, for a Roape for le Jenne, i Erasing Roope,h a Steyer,' and 4 dosen Ropes, in gross ...... 123. id. • Solut' plummer'. b I.e., casting. c I.e., solder. d a retr'. ' lapid' ffre. ' I.e., Kendale. 8 Probably the man who has appeared previously as a roughmason. h A bracing-rope, for tying and steadying the ' jenne.' ' I.e. a siaii or ladder, probably of rope. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 315 For a dosen Cartclottes [25.], 400 5 peny naill [aod.], 300 stonne [4d.],a 100 Broddes [id.], bought for the store-house in le Tymbur hawe... 45. id. For a sieve for lime Riddelyng b for Corbell ... id. Waynmen Bordyng.—Has\ame, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum £ i2s. fo. iogd. MONDAY, 9 JUNE.C ffremasons. — Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Robynson, Gamull, 6 days 125. od. Carpenters. — Doyle, 6 days ...... 45. od. John Nicolson, 6 days ...... 33. od. Robert More, 5^ days ...... 23. gd. Nicholas Cowper, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Nicholas Baker, Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, 6 days at 8d...... 43. od. Brekeleyers per diem. — Corbel], upon the towers, 6 days at 8d...... 43. od. Bruston, Ruddicowrt, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Henry Corbell, apprentice to John Corbell, 6 days at 3d...... i8d. Necessary expenses. — Smyth, for working 4 cwt. of iron ...... 2is. 4d. For sharping 12 dozen axes at 2d. ... 2s. od. William Alen, for dyging 64 loads of sand at£d...... 2S. 8d. fo. no. Labourers. — ffylyp, Hudson, 6 days at 6d. ... 33. od. John Peytore,d 5 days at $d...... 15^. Shawe, Jefson, Doding, Graunt, serving John Corbel, 6 days ...... 6s. od. William Nicolson, 3 days ...... gd. William Smyth, for cutting down 16 oaks, in gross ...... ••• ... i6d. Carriage of timber. — Richard Coles, 3 loads from Osbaston, at I2d...... 35. od. As a reward for carriage of g loads from Os baston, for love, at 4d...... 33. od. Waynmen Bordyng. — Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum £t\. gs. id. • I.e., stonelath nails. b Pro 'vn' Ciibr' pro calc' Biddelymj. c Hastings was executed on Friday, 13 June. Work practically ceases at the be ginning of the following week. d Sic. 316 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo- IIod - MONDAY, 16 JUNE. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Steynforth, Bardalf, Robynson, John Kesten," i day ...... 2s. od. Brekeleyers per diem.—Corbell, i day ... 8d. Bruston, Ruddicowrt, i day ...... izd. Antone prentes, Henry Corbell, apprentices to John Corbell [i day], at 7d.b ...... 76. Carpenters.—Doyle, 2 days ...... i6d. Nicholas Cowper, i day ...... 5d. Nicholas Baker, Kendale, apprentices to Doyle, i day ...... 8d. Labourers.— ffilip, Hudson, Shawe, Jefson, Graunt, Dodding, Peyntur, William Nicolson, i day ... ,...... 2s. od. William Alen, for gettyng 6 cart-loads of ffre- ston, in gross ...... 8d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clekson c ... aod. fo. in. Necessary expenses.—John Bakewell, for squaring 12 stones at Swarreston Bryg, at yd., for matches- colys, by agreement made in gross by John Lyle 73. od. Sum 2is. Wages. — Thomas Syde,d for his wages for 3 quarters, viz., for the terms of Christmas, the Annunciation of St. Mary, the Nativity of St. John the Baptist ... '-'K ".".. ... 403. od. Haslam, Clerkson, for 3 terms, viz., for the terms of St. Thomas, the Annunciation of Blessed Mary and the Nativity of St. John the Baptist... 303. od. MONDAY, 23 JUNE.' Labourers. — Hudson, 17 days at 3-Jd., at telling le Breke, for three weeks ...... 43. n-Jd. Carnage of timber. — Bowlot, John ffletcher, 30 loads from Baron parke to le Kerby, at 4d. ... los. od. Waynmen Bordyng. — Clerkson, Haslame, 3 weeks ...... 55. od. Sum igs. n-Jd. " New man. The masons stop work after this week. b Anthony' probably Anthony Dutchman or Yzebronde, takes 4d., Heury Corbell 3d. ' Sic, ' The chaplain. e From this point until 25 August the accounts are made up for periods of three weeks. Hudson's daily wage is increased from 3d. to 3 id. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF ICIBBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 317 fo. 11 id. MONDAY, 14 JULY. Labourers.—Hudson, 16 days at 3^d., at telling le Breke John ffaux ...... 43. 8d. WaynmenBordyng.—Clerkson, Haslam, 3 weeks 53. od. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working 41 Ib. of iron, viz., 4 wedges and chains for tying the wains and other necessaries ...... as. od. Labourers, breaking wood in le ffryth.*—Robert Smyth, for breaking 23 loads, price of brekyng one load 2d...... 35. lod. Edmund Bolot, William Smyth, Stephen Jef- son, for brekyng 62 loads ...... IDS. 4d. Carriage of wood.—Roger Bolott, 41 loads from le ffryth, at 3d...... los. 3d. Bolot, 36 loads from Colton hey, at 5d. ... 153. od. Sum 513. id. fo. 112. MONDAY, 4 AUG., FOR 3 WEEKS TO 25 AUG. Labourers.—Hudson, 17 days, at telling le Breke ...... 45. n^d Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 53. od. Sum gs. MONDAY, 25 AUG. Labourers.—Edmund Bolot, Richard Harvy, at Colton hey, at brekyng 66 loads of wood with the help of William Haslam, in gross ... 53. gd. Hudson, working upon divers needful things within the place, 4 days at 3d.b ...... i2d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 8s. sd. fo. ii2d. MONDAY, i SEPT. Labourers.—Hudeson, Shawe, Brown, at clean ing the towers against the coming of the masons therein,c 6 days at gd...... 43. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clercson ... 2od. Sum 6s. 2d. » Laborator' ffreg' silu' in le ffryih. b Wage again reduced to 3d. c cire' mund' le Tur' erg' (ad in cancelled) uenienc' lathom' ib'm. The free masons return next week. 318 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. MONDAY, 8 SEPT. ffremasons.—Lyle, by the week, 35. 40!.; ^ week for his labour [in coming] from Assheby to Kerby to speak with the council,3 2od...... 53. od. Carlyll, Thomas Sandyaker,b 6 days at I2d.... 6s. od. Breke leyers per diem.—John Sandiaker,b 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Waynmen Bordyng,— Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. fo. 113. Carpenters.—Doyle, 2 days at Baron parke ... i6d. Nicholas Cowper, 5 days, at scappling timber within Baron parke, at 5d...... 2s. id. Nicholas Barton, Kendale, 5 days at 8d. ... 35. 4d. Robert Glene, 4 days at 6d...... 2s. od. William Pypond,c 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Brettby, at Kerby, for divers boards for the gutters, 5 days 53. od. Laborers.—Jefson, Hudson, John Brown, 5 days at gd...... 33. gd. Sum 363. 2d. fo. 113d. MONDAY, 15 SEPT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlyll, Sandiaker, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Brekeleyeres per diem.—John Curwyn,d at the towers, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, at Kerby, at le fflortes upon le vootes, 6 days ...... 43. od. Pypond, Glene, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Nicholas Baker, Kendale, 6 days at 8d. ... 45. od. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Bretby, 3^ days 33. 6d. Labourers.—Shawe, Hudson, Jefson, at covering the towers,e 6 days ...... 43. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 363. od. fo> HA MONDAY, 22 SEPT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlyll, Sandyacre, 6 days ...... bs. od. "•pro labor' s' a Assheby vs Brekeleyeves per diem.—Curwyn, 6 days ... 35. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 6 days ...... 45. od. Pypond, Glene, 5 days ...... 53. od. Nicholas Cowper, apprentice to Doyle, 6 days at 4d...... 2s. od. Labourers.—Hudson, Shawe, Brown. Jefson, at serving the masons, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Necessary expenses.—Smytl), for sharping 6 dosen axes ...... i2d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clarkson ... 2od. Sum 325. od. a Wages.—Thomas Syde, chaplain, for Michael mas term ...... 135. 4d. Haslam, Clerson, for Michaelmas term ... IDS. od. Sum 235. 4d. . "4d. MONDAY, 29 SEPT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlyle, Sandiaker, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Brekeleyeresper diem.—Curwyn, upon the towers, 5 days ...... as. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, i day ...... 8d. Pypond, Glene, upon the towers, 5 days ... 53. od. Nicholas More, apprentice to Doyle, 3 days at 4d...... ,. ... i2d. Sawyers.— Mortymer and his partner, 2 days ... 2s. od. Labourers.—Hudson, Shawe, 5 days at 6d., at serving le mason ...... 2s. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clekson b ... 2od. Sum 243. 8d. fo. 115. MONDAY, 6 OCT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days ...... 33. od. Sandyaker, 4 days ...... as. od. Brekeleyeresper diem.—Curwyn, 5^ days ... 2s. gd. Carpenters.—Doyle, 2f days, at making le fflorth upon le Voote ...... 2od. Pypond, Glene, 4^ days ...... 43. 6d. Nicholas More, 5 days at 4d...... 2od. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas ffoxe,c 2 days as. od. » A sum of £20 2S. yd. is dotted in the margin : this does not corres pond obviously with any total for the last lew weeks. * Sic. c Possibly dentical with Bretby. Thomas Perburn appears at the end of October. 320 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Labourers.— Shawe, Hudson, at servingle Breke leyers, 6 days ...... 35. od. ffylyp, 3 days, at gathering rods for wattelyng the new covering upon the towers ...... gd. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 263. 4d. O>II 5 • MONDAY, 13 OCT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Sandiaker, 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. Carlyll, 2 days ...... I2d. William Jurden, apprentice to Lyle, 4 days at 5d...... 2od. Brctkeleeres per diem.—Curwyn, i^ days ... gd. Nicholas Bentson,a 4 days at 6d...... 2s. od. Thomas Bentsson, apprentice, 4 days at 3d.... I2d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 2 days ...... i6d. Pypond, Glene, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Nicholas Cowper, apprentice to Doyle, 6 days at 4d...... 2s. od. Sawyers. — Mortymer, Thomas ffox, sawing divers pieces of timber for le fflorthes, 2 days ... as. od. fo. 116. Necessary expenses.— Smyth, for sharpyng 10 dosen axes ...... aod. Purchases.—For pake threde bought forlynnes b for the towers ...... ad. For 2 Ib. pyk bought for vernysshing ... 2d. For grece for smearing on the wains, bought of Marger'Pocok ...... 8d. Carnage.—Bolott, 5 loads of hay from Lubbes- thorp at 6d., for the towers 0 ...... as. 6d. Labourers.—Shawe, Hudson, 4 days, at serving le Breke leyers, at 6d...... as. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... aod. Sum 323. 5d. fo- Il6d- MONDAY, 20 OCT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlill, 6 days ...... 35. od. Jurden, apprentice to Lyle, 6 days at 5d. ... 2s. 6d. Brekeleyeres per diem.—Nicholas Bentson, upon the towers, 6 days ...... 33. od. • New man. b Lines, ropes. ' I.e., for the winter covering. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 821 Curwyn, 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. Thomas Bentson, apprentice to Nicholas Bentson, 6 days at 3d...... i8d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 4 days ...... 2S. 8d. Pypond, Glene, 5 days ...... 55. od. Nicholas Cowper, apprentice to Doyle, 4 days at4d...... i6d. Labourers.— Shawe, Hudson, at serving le Breke leyers, 6 days ...... 33. od. fo. 117. Slaters.—Robert White, for mending divers defects upon a privy,a i day at 6d...... 6d. Necessary expenses.—John Pacwood, for Bussh- yng a wain, in gross ...... iad. Carriage.—Bolot, 4 loads of hay from Lobbes- torp, for covering the towers, at 6d. ... as. od. Robert Swythell, for surplus of carriage of 168 loads of wood from Crampes and Cottonez Heys, for le Breke, at surplus for one load id. ... 145. od. Purchases.—Lokyer, 500 4peny naill [aod.], 500 3peny naill [i5d.], 6 Cart Clowttes [6d.], in Broodes, 96 [2d.], in 2 Ib. of pyc bought of John Lokyer for the plummer [2d.] ...... 33. gd. John Swanne, 2 dosen Ropes for scaffoldyng, at 6d...... I2d. For a Roope for drawing timber [i6d.], and a Rope for le jenne for le fflorthez on the towers and le Voote [iod.] ...... 23. 2d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 533. ud. fo. H7d. MONDAY, 27 OCT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carelill, 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. Jurden, apprentice to Lyle, 5 days ... 2s. id. Brekeleyers per diem.—Bentson, Curwyn, on the towers, 3^ days ...... 35. 6d. Thomas Bentson, apprentice to Nicholas Bentson, 3^ days at 3d...... io^d. Carpenters.—Doyle, -i\ days ...... 2od. ffypond, 2-£ days ...... I5d. Glene, 3'^days ...... 2id. Nicholas Cowper, apprentice, 3^ days at 4d. i4d. 3 super Orin'. This appears to be the meaning, but it is open to conjecture. 322 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Necessary expenses.—John ffaux, for cutting down 28 oaks in le ffrytb, for each ffellyng id., remain ing in Kerby and the new college of Leycester 3 2s. 4d. fo. 118. Sawyers.—Mortymer,Thomas Perburn,b sawing divers pieces of timber for principalles and spares0 for the towers, Turrettes and other necessary purposes, 4^ days ...... 45. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Labourers.—Shawe, Hudson, at serving le Breke leyers, 3! days at 6d...... 2id. Sum 283. 4-Jd. fo. n8d. TOTAL FOR THESE 24 WEEKS'* ... ,£8943. nd. MONDAY, 3 Nov. NEXT AFTER THE FEAST OF ALL SAINTS. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlill, Robynson, 6 days at iod...... 53. od. William Jurden, apprentice [6 days], at 4d. ... 2s. od. Carpenters.—Robert Glene, 6 days at 5d. ... as. 6d. Nicholas Cowper, 6 days [at 40!.] ... as. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Labourers.—Hudson, at serving the masons, 6 days at 3d...... i8d. ffilyp, 5 days ...... i5d. William Shawe, for service to le Thaker upon the towers, 4 days ...... i2d. John Hewe, for service to the said Thacker, 3 days ...... gd. Edmund Boolot, for helping 6 John Smythson with the wains to Leycester, 2 days ... 6d. fillip, for drawing the said thacke, by covenant made in gross by Roger Bolott ...... 2od. Roger Gayllard, for thacyng the said hay,f 4 days at 5d...... 2od. Sum 243. iod. fo. I: g_ MONDAY, 10 Nov. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlill, Robynson, 6 days at iod...... 55. od. a I.e., some of the oaks were sent to the college in the Newarke, of which Hastings and his wife were prominent benefactors. 'New man. c I.e., spars. d Counted from 7 April, including the three periods of three weeks in the summer as one week each. The year's accounts were not cast up until the beginning of December, a month later than usual. e pro auxit. f pro thacyng diet' fen'. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 323 Jurden, apprentice to Lyle, 6 days at $d. ... 2s. od. Carpenters.—ffypond, i day ...... 5d. Glene, 5 days at 5d...... 23. 6d. Nicholas Cowper, 6 days ...... as. od. Waynmen Bordyng.— Hasselame, Clerkson ... 2od. Necessary expenses.—Robert Smyth, i cwt. i quarterneof iron for steyers and Jemoes for pypez of lead, at 53. 4d. per cwt...... 6s. 8d. For sharpyng 10 dosen axez at 2d. ... 2od. Sum 253. 3d. 1 fo. ngd. MONDAY, 17 Nov. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carelill, Robynson, 6 days at lod. ... 55. od. Jurden, 6 days at 4d...... 2s. od. Carpenters.— Glene, 5 days at 5d...... as. id. Nicholas Cowper, apprentice to Doyle, 5 days at 4d...... 2od. Labourers.—Roger Gaylerd, Thakere, upon the towers and le voote for covering,0 3^ days for thackeyng at 5d...... i7|d. Robert Hewet, Roger Hudson, 4 days, at serving le Taker and ffremasons, at 6d. ... 2s. od. ffilyp, !•£ day at 3d...... 4^d. Ame ffilip, for drawing stubble, in gross ... 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 2os. id. fo. 120. MONDAY, 24 Nov. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Jurden, 6 days at 4d...... 2s. od. Carpenters.—Glene, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Cowper, 6 days at 4d...... 2s. od. Purchases.—John Lokyer, 200 seme naill at 3d. 6d. Same, for 2 Bunche Thakrope ...... 2d. Labourers.—Gaylerd, for covering le voote and towers, 5 days at sd...... 2s. id. " Sic. b Dots for /ro 153. gjd. are written after this sum, represent- ng total expenditure since 29 Sept. " prn tcctur', equivalent to pro thackeyng immediately after. 824 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Hudson, John Hewett, at serving the masons and Thackers, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Waynmcn Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum 195. gd. fo. I2od. MONDAY, i DEC. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days at 5d...... as. 6d. Jurden, 6 days at 4d...... 2s. od. Carpenteres.—Glene, 5 days at $A...... as. id. Cowper, 5 days at 4d...... 2od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... 2od. Labourers.—Hudson, 3 days, at cleaning and carrying le Crapes on le Turr' ...... gd. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for sharpyng 5 dosen axes at ad...... lod. Sum 145. lod. TOTAL FOR THESE FIVE WEEKS ... 1045. gd. fo. iai. TOTAL SUM OF THE PAYMENTS PAID BY ROGER BOWLOT TO DIVERS MEN AND FOR OTHER NECESSARY PURPOSES, AS APPEARS IN THE FOREGOING, IN RESPECT OF THE BUILDING OF THE MANOR OF KERBY, DONE BY COMMAND OF SIR WlLLIAM HASTYNGES, KNIGHT, BEGINNING ON THE 4TH DAY OF THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER IN THE 220 YEAR OF THE REIGN OF KING EDWARD iv. UNTIL THE 7TH DAY OF THE MONTH OF DECEMBER, IN THE FIRST YEAR OF THE REIGN OF KING RICHARD in., FOR ONE ENTIRE YEAR: £205 8s. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOB CASTLE. 326 fo- I2I <*. MONDAY, 8 DEC. ffrtmasons.—Lyle ...... 38. 4d. Carlill, 6 days at 5d...... 28. 6 Sum gs. 6d. MONDAY, 15 DEC. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carelyll, 6 days at 5d...... as. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslam, Clerkson ... and. Labourers.—Hudson, ffilip, at Alton, cleaning le Cleybed, 6 days at 6d...... 38. od. Sum las. 6d. f0> I22_ MONDAY, 22 DEC. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... ••• 3s- 4^- Carlyll, 3 days at sd...... i5d- Jurden, apprentice to Doyle,a 3 days at 4d. ... iad. Waynmen Bordyng.—Haslame, Clerkson ... 2od. Sum js. 3d. MONDAY, 29 DEC. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carrelell, 5 days at 5d...... as. id. Labourers.—ffylyp, Hudson, at Alton, cleaning le Cleybed, 4 days ...... 2S. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clerkson ...... rod. Sum 8s. 3d. SUM FOR THE MONTH ... 375. 6d. fo. i22d. MONDAY, 5 JAN.b ffremasons.—Lyle ...... ^s. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days at scappling le stones at quarell c 6 days at 5d...... as. 6d. 3 Sic. "1483-4. "I.e., the quarry. w Vol. XI. 326 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Jurden, 2 days at 4d...... 8d. Necessary expenses. —Smyth, i cwt. of iron ... 55. 4d. For sharpyng 6 dozen axes at 2d. ... I2d. Labourers.—ffilip, Hudson, at Alton, cleaning le Cleybed, 4 days at 6d...... as. od. Wayneman Bordyng.—Clerkson ...... lod. Sum 155. 8d. Wages.—Thomas Syde, chaplain, for a quarter at Christmas...... 133. 4d. Haslame, Clerkson, for a quarter at 53. ... IDS. od. Sum 235. 4d. fo. 123. MONDAY, 12 JAN. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carelyll, Robynson, 6 days at lod. ... 53. od. Jurden, 6 days at 4 fo- I03d- MONDAY, 19 JAN. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Jurden, 6 days at 4d...... 25. od. Carpenteres.—Norcotte, Glene, 6 days at lod. 55. od. Nicholas More, Nicholas Taillour, 6 days at gd...... 45. 6d. Labourers.—ffilip, Hudson, at Alton, on le Cleybed, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. a New man. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIKflY MUXLOE CASTLE. 327 Purchases.—John Lokyer, 1000 iiij peny naill [33. 4 Sum a8s. 3d. fo- !24- MONDAY, 26 JAN. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. ^.d. Carlell, 6 days at 5d...... 23. 6d. Jurden [6 days] at 4d...... 25. od. Carpenters.—Norcot, Glene, at making windows for the towers, 6 days at lod...... 55. od. Carriage of le ffreston. — Roger Bolott, John ffletcher, William ffletcher of Newtone, 9 loads from Aleton, at r6d...... 123. od. Outside expenses.3—John Swythell, fora cartload le Roodes for hyrdulles for scafoldyng ... 143. Smyth, for sharping 5 dosen axes ... lod. Labourers.—Haslame, for helping the wains with carriage of ffreston from Alton,b 3 days at 3d...... gd. Waynman.—Clerkson ...... rod. Sum 283. 5d. SUM FOR THE MONTH ... Iigs. 2di fo. i24d. MONDAY, 2 FEB. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 23. 6d. Carpenters.—Norcot, Glene, 5 days at I2d. ... 55. od. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, forsharpyng 5 dosen axes • ...... ••• ... lod. Waynman Bordyng.—Clerkson ...... lod. Carriage of ffreston.—John ffletcher, Roger Bow- lot, William ffletcher, 4 loads from Halton at i6d. 55. 4d. Laboiirers. —Haslam, for going with the wains, 4 days at 3d...... I2d. Sum 2is. lod. 1 Experts'/orinsa b pro anxiW le plaustr' cum cariarf ffreston a Alton. 328 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo. 125. MONDAY, 9 FEB. ffremasons.—Lile ...... 35. 4 MONDAY, 16 FEB.* Sum 155. 8d. fo. i25d. MONDAY, 23 FEB. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlell, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 2S. 6d. Carpenters.—Norcotte, Glene, 5 days ... 55. od. Carriage of ffreston.—John ffletcher, William ffletcher, John Harison, John Alen, 4 loads at i6d. 53. 4d. Labourers.—Haslame, 4 days at 3d. ... iad. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clerkson ...... lod. Sum 2is. od. SUM FOR THE MONTH ... 745. 2d. fo. 126. MONDAY, i MARCH. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at sd...... 2s. 6d. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for sharping 6 dosen axes, at Alton and Kerby ...... i2d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clerkson ...... lod. Labourers.—Haslame, i day with the wains from Kerby to Aleton ...... 3d. Carriage of ffreston.—Roger Bowlot, i load from Halton ...... i6d. Sum i2s. 3d. * The details are a precise repetition of those of the previous week, except that Carlyll is spelt Carlill. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIKBY MUXLOB CASTLE. 329 fo- I26d- MONDAY, 8 MARCH. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlyli, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Jordan, 6 days at 5d...... as. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clerkson ...... i od. Sum gs. 8d. MONDAY, 15 MARCH. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlill, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... as. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clerkson ...... xod. Labourers.—Haslame, for going and returning with the wains from Kerby to Alton ... 3d. Sum gs. i id. fo. 127. MONDAY, 22 MARCH. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carllyll, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 25. 6d. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for sharping 3 dosen axes ...... 6d. Waynman Bofdyng.—Clerkson ...... zod. Wages.—Thomas Syde, chaplain, for the quar ter before Lady Day a ...... 135. 4d. Clerkson, for the said quarter ...... 53. od. Carnage of ffreston.—i cartload from Alton ... i6d. Sum 293. lod. SUM FOR THE MONTH ... 6lS. 8d. fo. i27d. MONDAY, 12 ApRiL.b ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlill, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at $ » pro stypend' pro quart' an' ffest' Annune' b'te Marie virg'is. b Three weeks are missed, apparently for a holiday at Lady day. Actually, how ever, a mistake was made. This is evident from the repetition of Monday, 3 May, below. The dates given in the MS. as 12, 19 and 26 April, and the first 3 May should probably be 5, 12, 19 and 26 April respectively, the holiday lasting for only a fortnight. 330 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Necessary expenses.—Sinyth, for working 16 Ib. of iron for le fferne and other things needful for the wains ...... gd. For sharping 3 dosen axes ...... 6d. Carriage of ffreston.— Roger Bowlot, 5 loads from Halton ...... 6s. 8d. Carriage of timber.—Bolott, 4 loads from New- boolil a at i2d...... 43. od. Carriage of sand.—Bowlot, 5 loads at 3d. ... I5d. Labourers.—Haslarne, 4 days at 3d. ... iad. Warnmen Bordyng.—Clerkson, for 3 weeks ... 2s. 6d. Sum 253. 6d. fo> I28. MONDAY, 19 APRIL. ffremasons,—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 23. 6d. Carriage of sand.—Bowlot, 2 loads of sand called fflot sand, for mixing with lime for Water Tabulles leying, at 3d...... 6d. Waynmcn Bordyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Labourers.—Haslam, with the wains from Kerby to Alton and Osbaston, 6 days at 3d. ... i8d. Sum us. 8d. lo. I28d. MONDAY, 26 APRIL. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlill, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clerkson ...... lod. Labourers.—Jefson, Hudson, at quarell pyttes, 5 days at 6d...... zs. 6d. Sum I2s. 2d. MONDAY, 3 MAY. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carllyll, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 23. 6d. " Newbold Verdun. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIKBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 331 WaynmenBardyng.—Clerkson ...... lod. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, at cleaning leTurr', 5 days at 6d...... 23. 6d. Sum las. 2d. SUM FOR THE MONTH ... 6lS. 6d. fo. 129. MONDAY, 3 MAY.* ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carelyll, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 2 days, at mending divers gutters at 8d...... i6d. Robert More, 4^days at 6d...... 2s. 3d. Nicholas More, i day ...... 5d. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working n Ib. of iron for binding the wains, at -Jd., with a reward as claimed by him b ...... 6d. For sharping 2 dosen axes at 2d...... 4d. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, at cleaning le Turr', 5 days at 6d...... 2S. 6d. Haslame, with the wains from Kerby to Os- baston, 5 days at 3d...... i5d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clercson ...... zod. Sum 18s. 3d. MONDAY, 10 MAY. fo. I2gd. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carelyll, at laying Breke, 6 days at 6d. ... 33. od. Jorden, 6 days at fd...... 2s. 6d. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for sharping 3 J dosen axes for the masons, at 2d...... jd. For grease for the wains, by the space of half a year ...... i8d. For candles for oversight of the cattle by night 3d. Carnage of timber.—Bowlott, 30 loads from Os- baston wodes, at I2d...... 303. od. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, at serving le ma sons, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. " The right dates are recovered here. See note on p. 329 above, " pro Clam'. 332 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Haslame, with the wains, 6 days at jd. ... i8d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clerkson ...... lod. Sum 465. 6d. fo. 130. MONDAY, 17 MAY. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days ...... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at 56...... 2s. 66. Labourers.—Jefson, Hudson, 4^ days at 6d. ... 23. 3d. Haslame, witli the wains, 6 days...... i8d. Waynmen Booredyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Sum 133. 3d. MONDAY, 24 MAY. ffremasons.—Lyly ...... 35. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 25. 6d. Labourers.—Jefson, Hudson, 5^ days at 6d. .. 2s. gd. Haslan," 3 days ...... gd. Waynmen Boredyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Sum 135. 2d. SUM FOR THE MONTH £4 US. 4d. MONDAY, 31 MAY. fo. I3od. ffremasons.—Lyle ..- ... .. 33. 4d. Carlyll, 3 days at 6d...... i8d. Jurden,b 3 days at $ MONDAY, 7 JUNE. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carelyll, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. ' Sic. b Called by mistake app'nlic' Joh'i Doyle, an error made but rectified elsewhere before the name Doyle was completed. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIBBY. MUXLOE CASTLE. 333 Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... as. 6d. Labourers.—Jefson, Hudson, 4 days at 6d. ... as. od. Waynman Boredyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Sum us. 8d. io. 131. MONDAY, 14 JUNE. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlill, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Labourers.—Jefson, Hudson, with the masons, 4 days at 6d...... 2s. od. Waynman Boredyng.—Clercson ...... i od. Sum us. 8d. MONDAY, 21 JUNE. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days ...... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 25. 6d. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working \ cwt. 3 Ib. of iron for windows, at 2s. 8d. per •£ cwt.... as. Qjd. For a Clypes a bought for the wains ... i^d. Smyth, for Sharping 3 dosen axes at 2d. ... 6d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clercson ...... iod. fo. I3id. Labourers.—Jefson, Hudson, 4 days at 6d. ... 2s. od. Haslam, with the wains on divers carriages with timber and lime and other needful lhings,b 5 days at 3d...... i 5d. Purchases.—John Swane, 2 ropes for le Scaffold ing, for thepyctura of le Walles upon the towers i2d. For i Ib. pyk for varnishing the windows ... id. Carriage of lime.—Bowlot, 5 loads of lime from Barowgh, at I4d...... 53. iod. Carriage of timber.—John ffletcher, 3 loads from Osbaston Wodes, at izd...... 35. od. Carnage of sand.—Bowlott, 7 loads at 3d. ... aid. Carriage of/reston.—i load ...... i6d. 1 A pair of clips, probably forkfastening the waggon-chains. For other uses of the word see Fowler, Durham Account Rolls (Surtees Soc.) in., 905. * cumplaustr' in din's' cariag' cum maerem' et Calc' et al' necess. 33-1 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Wages.—Thomas Syde, chaplain, for Midsum mer term a ...... '... 135. 4d. Clercson, for the said term ...... 53. od. Sum 475. 8d. SUM FOR THE MONTH ... 798. 2d. fo. 132. MONDAY, 28 JUNE. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days at 6d ...... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at $d...... 2s. 6d. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, 5 days at 6d. ... 2s. 6d. Haslam, with the wains, 5 days ...... I5d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Sum 133. jd. MONDAY. 5 JULY. ffremasons.—Lyle ... , ...... 33. 4d. Carlell, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, 6 days ... 35. od. Waynman Bordyng.—Clercson ...... iod. Sum I2s. 8d. fo. i 3 2d. MONDAY, 12 JULY. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... as. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, at making le Roves b for the towers, 4 days at 8d...... as. 8d. Nicholas More, Nicholas Cowper, apprentices to Doyle, 4 days at iod...... 35. 4d. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Thomas Bretby, sawing divers pieces of timber for le Turr', 4 days at 4S.C 43. od. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for binding a pair of wheels for the wains, newly bought d ... iad. [To the same] for buying le strokes for the said wheels, and nails" ...... 6d. tprot'mi'onat's'ciJoh'isBapti't. b Roofs. ° Sic. " pro ligand' vn' par' Rotar' pro plaustr' de nou' empt. * pro emend' le strokes pro diet' Rot' et Clau'. Strokes or strakes are iron plates for fastening the felloes of cart-wheels. Emend' possibly = mending, repairing, i.e., emendando; but emends seems the better extension. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OP KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 335 Smyth, i quarter, 4 Ib. of iron, for divers things needful ior the wains, at i6d. a quarter ... i8d. For sharping 3 dosen axes ...... 6d. Purchases,—John Newbyr' of Repton, for a pair of wheels called parynges for the wains ... 6s. od. John Pacwoode of Braunston, for 3 strokes ... 8d. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, 4^ days ... 2S. 3d. Haslam, with the wains, 3 days . . ... gd. fo. 133. Waynman Bordyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Carnage of timber.—Roger Bowlot, for carriage of 4 cartloads of timber from Osbaston Odes, at I2d...... 43. od. Carnage of sand.—Bowlot, 6 loads at 3d. ... i8d. Sum 383. 4d. MONDAY, 19 JULY. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlyl, 6 days ...... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 4 days at making le Roves for the towers, at 8d...... 2S. 8d. Nicholas More, Nicholas Cowper, 4 days at lod. 35. 4d. Sawyers.—Mortymer, Bretby, sawing le Raylles for the garden, at Leycester, 4 days at lod. ... 33. 4d. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, 5 days ... 2s. 6d. Haslam, 3 days ...... ••• gd. fo. i33d. Waynman Bordyng.—Clercson ...... zod. Sum 22s. 3d. SUM FOR THE MONTH ... £\ 6s. 8d. MONDAY, 26 JULY. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlill, 6 days at 6d...... 3S- od. Jurder,a 6 days at 5d...... 2S. 6d. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, 6 days ... 35. od. Haslame, with the wains, 3 days...... gd. Waynman Boredyng.—Clerkson ...... lod. Sum 133. 5d. a Sic. 336 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo. 134. MONDAY, 2 AUG. ftremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4<1. Carlill, 6 days at 6d., at the towers ... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at $d...... as. 6d. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, 6 days ... 33. od. Haslam, with the wains, on divers businesses necessary for the works,8 6 days ...... i8d. Necessary expenses,—Smyth, for sharpins b 3 do zen axes at 2d...... 6d. Outside payments.—Nicholas Sutton, for tithes 0 of le Osbaston woodes ...... js. od. Waynman Botdyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Sum 2is. 8d. fo- I34d> MONDAY, g AUG. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlyl, 6 days at 6d ...... 35. od. Robert Bardalf, 4 days ...... as. od. Jurden, 6 days at jd...... as. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 5 days at 8d., at making le Roves of le Turr' ...... 35. 4d. Nicholas More, Nicholas Cowper, apprentices, 4£ days at zod...... 33. gd. Labourers.— Hudson, Jefson, at serving le Brekeleyers, 4^ days at 6d...... 25. 3d. Haslam, 3 days, at the wains at Osbaston woddes, at 3d...... gd. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Sum 2is. gd. f0 I35 MONDAY, 16 AUG. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carelyll, Bardalf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Jurden, 6 days ...... as. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 6 days ...... 43. od. Nicholas Cowper, Nicholas Barton, 6 days at lod...... 53. od. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working i cwt. of iron for steyers for pipes for the gutters ... 53. 4d. " operant' cum plaustr' super diu's'jiegoc' nccess' pro oper'. b Sic. c pro x">e (sic). THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 837 7 dosen axes sharping at ad...... i4d. William Pacwood, for axelyng and for repair ing the wains and other needful things with Busshing ...... i6d. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, at Kerby and Alton, at le dyging stone, 6 days ...... 33. od. Haslame, at the wains with hay, 4 days, and 3 days with the wains at Leycester with timber 3 aid. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Sum 343. 3d. SUM FOR THE MONTH ... £i, US. id. fo. i3Sd. Carriage of timber.—Carriage of timber from Shepeshed to Kerby : John ffletcher, 9 loads at aod...... 155. od. Thomas Lambert, 24 loads from Shepished ... 403. od. Roger Bolott, 3 loads from Shepshed b ... 55. od. Sum 6os. od. TOTAL FOR THESE 36 WEEKS ... £38 as. 3d.c fo. I36d. MONDAY, 23 AUG. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlyll, Bardalf, 6 days ...... 6s. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... as. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 5 days at 8d...... 33. 4d. Nicholas Cowper, Nicholas Barton, 5 days at xod...... 45. ad. Sawyers. — Mortymer, Brelby, at sawing le Justes for the towers, i day ...... iad. Labourers.—Jefson, Hudson, 4^ days at 6d. ... 23. 3d. Haslame, at Osbaston Woddes with the wains and other needful things, 4 days ...... iad. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Carriage of sand.—Bolot, 4 loads at 3d., with dyging ... ••• ... ••• iad. fo. 137. Carnage of timber.—Boolot, 2 loads from Osbas ton Woddes at I2d...... 23. od. Carriage of lime.—Robert Cosby, 3 loads from Barough at I4d...... 33. 6d. " cum silu'. " Against this entry is writteu, referring to the whole account 7?o« qd lion est in sma wens', i.e., note that this is not included in the sum for the month. ° Fo. 136 is blank. 338 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Necessary expenses.—John Lokyer, for 6 Cart- clowtes (6d.), 2 Ib. of pitch (2d.), 200 spikyng (i2d.), 200 vpeny naill (iod.), for windows and doors ...... 25. 6d. Sum 335. 5d. MONDAY, 30 AUG. ffremasons. — Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carelyll, at the towers, 6 days at 6d. ... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Carpenters. — Doyle, 5 days at le Turr' ... 33. 4d. Nicholas More, Nicholas Barton, 6 days ... 55. od. Necessary expenses. —John Love, bailif of Ba- rough, for Cooles for burning lime, and for other needful things for the said lime, on two occasions 3 245. od. fo. isyd. Labourers. —Jefson, Hudson, 6 days ... 35. od. Haslam, with the wains, 6 days ...... i8d. William Alen, for dyging 18 loads of sand at £d. gd. Carriage of sand. — Boolot, 4 loads at 3d. with dyging ...... i2d. Carriage offfreston. — Boolot, 8 loads from Alton at i6d...... TOS. 8d. Carriage of lime. — Bolot, 3 loads from Barough at I4d...... 33. 6d. Waynman Bordyng. — Clercson ...... rod. Sum 625. lo- I 3^- MONDAY, 6 SEPT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 4 days ...... 2s. 8d. Nicholas More, Nicholas Barton, 4^ days .. 35. gd. Labourers.—Jefson, Hudson, at Alton, at dyging stone, 5 days ...... 23. 6d. Haslame, with the wains from Alton to Kerby, 5 days ...... i 5d. " ad ij vie'. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIRBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 839 Waynman Bordyng.—Clercson ...... icd. Carriage offfreston.—Thomas Rawlings, Richard Cooles, Roger Fyssher, 7 loads from Alton at i6d. gs. 4d. Sum 295. 2d. fo- '38d. MONDAY, 13 SEPT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlill, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... as. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 4 days at le Turr' ... 2s. 8d. More, Barton, 5 days at lod...... 43. 2d. Labourers.—Jefson, Hudson, at serving the masons, 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. Haslam, with the wains, 4 days ...... i2d. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Sum 2os. od. SUM FOR THE MONTH ... £f 58. od. fo. 139- MONDAY, 20 SEPT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlill, 6 days ...... 33. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Carpenters.—Doyle, 4 days ...... 2s. 8d. Barton, More, 5 days at lod...... 45. 2d. Labourers.—Jefson, Hudson, 5 days ... 2s. 6d. Haslam, with the wains, 4 days ...... i2d. Waynman Burdyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Wages.—Thomas Syde, chaplain, for Michael mas term ...... 135. 4d. Clercson, for the said term ...... 53. od. Carriage of ffreston.—John ffletcher, William ffletcher, Robert Jakes, John Tomson, 14 loads from Alton at i6d...... i8s. 8d. Sum 575. od. fo. i3Qd. MONDAY, 27 SEPT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlell, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. a Below this sum are dots for £48 45. 3d., i.e., the £38 2s. 3d. on fo. issd, being the sum for the first 36 weeks of the current building year + £10 as. od., the sum for the past five weeks. 840 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Jurden, 6 days at sd...... as. 6d. Carpenters.— Doyle, 4 days ...... as. 8d. Nicholas Cowper, Nicholas Barton, 4 days at lod...... 33. 4d. Slaters. — William Bardalf, at repairing le Barnn, 4 days at 6d...... as. od. Necessary expenses,—Smyth, for sharpyng 5 dosen axes ...... lod. William Cowper, for hoping a Coole for putting water therein a ...... ad. For grease, bought of John Bolott, for oiling the wains ...... gd. John Love, for Coles and other things needful for burning lime ...... 8s. od. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clerkson ...... lod. fo. 140. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, 5 days, serving le ffremasons ...... as. 6d. Haslame, with the wains at carriage of timber and ffreston, 6 days at 3d...... i8d. Thomas White, for seringe b le sclatte, 4 days at 4d...... i6d. Thakers.—Roger Gaillerd, at covering le yat- house, 2 days at 5d...... lod. Alice Gaillerd, for drawing stubble twice, in gross ...... 4d. Purchases.—Thomas Syde, chaplain, for hay for covering le turr' in divers places ...... 33. od. Carriage of timber.—Bolott, 18 loads from Os- baston woods at lad...... i8s. od. Carriage of lime.—Bolott, 4 loads from Barough at i4d...... 43. 8d. Sum 595. 7d. fo. I4od. MONDAY, 4 OCT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlyll, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... as. 6d. Carpenters.— Doyle, 4 days ...... as. 8d. Nicholas Cowper, Nicholas Barton, at making doors and windows, 8 days at iod.c ... 33. 4d. "pro aq' intusponend'. b Probably cering, i.e. covering up the slates for the winter, c Sic. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIBBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 341 Slaters.—William Bardalf, 5 days, at repairing divers defaults within the manor, at 6d. ... 25. 6d. i server of the said slater, 5 days at 4d. ... 2od. Labourers. — Hudson, Jefson, at serving le masons and plummer, 5 days ...... 23. 6d. Haslame, with the wains ...... i8d. Waynman Burdyng.—Clercson ...... zod. Sum 233. ibd. fo. 141. MONDAY, n OCT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlill, 6 days at 6d...... 33. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 2S. 6d. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, at serving le ma sons, 5 days ...... 2s. 6d. Haslame, with the wains to Osbaston, 6 days i8d. Waynman Booredyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Sum 133. 8d. SUM FOR THE MONTH ... £"J 148. id. fo. i4id. MONDAY, 18 OCT. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlell, 6 days at 6d...... 35. od. Jurden, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Purchases.—35 Ib. of soder at 3d., for le pipes and the other gutters on le Turr' ...... 8s. gd. 100 lede nayle at 3d...... 3d. Plumer. — John Smythson, for kestyng and leyng 2 fodours of lead at 55...... IDS. od. The same, for remeing 3 le Turr' anew and for soderyg le pypes for the gutters 'and other pur poses, 24 days at 6d...... I2S. od. „ Labourers.— Hodson, Jefson, 5 days, serving le Brekeman ...... 2s. 6d. Haslame, with the wains and to Osbaston Woodes, 5 days ...... I5d. Waynman Boredyng.—Clercson ...... rod. Sum 443. 5d. ' Reaming or reeming, i.e. clearing superfluous lead. Y Vol. XI. 842 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. fo. 142. MONDAY, 25 OCT. ftremasons.—Lyle ...... $s. 4 Sum 355. gd. SUM FOR THE YEAR ... £& IS. 6d fo. 143. MONDAY, i Nov., 2 RICHARD in. ffremasons. — Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlyl, 6 days at 5d.d ...... 2s. 6d. Jurden, 6 days at 4d...... 2s. od. Carpenters. — Cowper, Barton, 4 days at gd. ... 35. od. Sawyers. — Mortymer, Bretby, sawing divers pieces of timber, 4 days at lod...... 35. 4d. Labourers. — Hudson, Jefson, at cleaning le Turr1 , 4 days at 6d...... 2s. od. Waynman Boredyng. — Clercson ...... lod. Sum 173. od. fo. i43d. MONDAY, 8 Nov. ffremasens. — Carlell, 6 days at 5d...... is. 6d. Jurden, 6 days at 4d...... 2s. od. "Sic. "pro sing' silu'. • Sic: 6d. is meant. d Wages lowered for the winter. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OF KIEBY MUXLOE CASTLE. 848 Carpenters.—Barton, Cowper, 4 days ... 33. od. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, at le quarell pyttes,1 days ...... 2s. od. Waynman.—Clecson a ...... iod. Sum IDS. 4d. SUM FOR THE MONTH ... 1073. 6d. fo. 144. MONDAY, 15 Nov. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 35. 4d. Carlell, 6 days at 5d...... as. 6d. Jurden, 6 days at 4d...... as. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 4 days ...... as. 8d. Cowper, 4 days.at $d...... aod. Barton, 3 days at 4d...... lad. Necessary expenses.—Smyth, for working 28 Ib. of iron in chains, hokes and other needful things for doors and windows ...... i6d. The same, for sharping 3 dosen axes -... 6d. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, 4 days ... as. od. Haslame, 3 days ...... gd. Waynman Boredyng.—Clercson ...... iod. Sum 18s. yd. fo. I44d. MONDAY, 22 Nov. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. Carlyll, 6 days at 5d...... as. 6d. Jurden, 6 days at 4d...... 2s. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 6 days ...... 43. od. Cowper, 6 days at 5d...... 2s. 6d. Labourers.—Hudson, Jefson, at the quarry,b 6 days ...... 33. od. Waynman Boredyng.—Clercson ...... iod. Sum i8s. ad. fo. 145. MONDAY, 29 Nov. ffremasons.—Lyle ...... 33. 4d. Carlill, 6 days at sd...... as. 6d. 3 Sic, " apt qumr'. 344 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Jurden, 6 days at 4d...... 2s. od. Carpenters.—Doyle, 3 days ...... 2s. od. Cowper, 5 days ...... as. id. Waynmen Bordyng.—Clercson ...... lod. Labourers.—Jefson, Hudson, at the quarry, 4 days ...... 2S. od. Sum 145. gd. SUM FOR THREE WEEKS ... 518. 6d. TOTAL FOR 3 MONTHS AND 3 WEEKS ... £22 i8s. id." fo. i45d. TOTAL SUM OF THE PAYMENTS PAID BY ROGER BOWLOTT TO DIVERS MEN AND IN OTHER NECESSARIES, IN RESPECT OF THE BUILDING OF THE MANOR OF KfiRBY, DONE BY COM MAND. OF DAME KATHERINE HASTYNGES, BEGINNING THE STH DAY OF THE MONTH OF DECEMBER IN THE FIRST YEAR OF THE REIGN OF KING RlCHARD III., AND ENDING ON THE 6TH DAY OF DECEMBER IN THE 'SECOND YEAR OF THE REIGN OF THE KING AFORESAID, [TO WIT] FOR ONE WHOLE YEAR, AS APPEARS IN DETAIL b [iN THIS BOOK] FOR THE TIME AFORESAID : £61 os. 4d. fo. 146. SUM OF THE CHARGE OF ROGER BoWLET in respect of as much money as came into his hands towards repairs to be done at Kerby c from the 22d day of October in the 2oth year of the reign of king Edward iv. to the 6th day of December in the 2d year of the reign of king Richard in., to wit, for four whole years, five weeks [and] two days, as appears in detail, by indenture dated the 23d day of October in the said 2oth year of the reign of king Edward iv. ... ^989 6s. 8d. a Also dotted in left hand corner. In the right-hand corner are dots, which are much rubbed and now apparently read as £3 i8s. 4d. They should amount to £3 i8s. iod., the total from i Nov. b vt partic'l't' patet, ° Sm* oriis Rog'i Bowlet vtpro tantis den'ijs ad man' suas deueri vers' Reparac' apt Kerby. THE BUILDING ACCOUNTS OP KIEBY MUXLOB CASTLE. 345 And in money received by the same as the price of Topp (2os.) and . . . ." and.fagett (583.) • sold by the same . . . .b ...... 785. od. And in [money] received by the same on his own recognisance, to wit, in net receipts and payments' (135. 6d.) and as the price of bark" sold by the same ...... 335. 6d. TOTAL SUM OF THE CHARGE £"994 i8s. ad. Out of which the same Roger claims an allow ance for divers payments, costs and expenses incurred and paid by him, to wit, in the wages of divers workmen,6 viz., Carpenters, stone masons, slaters and other their workmen working there, and the wages of lez waynemen and others working by day together with iron-work ' [and] timber bought and provided by the said Roger, and also in divers necessary payments and out side expenses incurred and paid by him, as appears in detail by parcels in this book for the time abovesaid ...... /993 i?s. 6-Jd. And he owes further aos. jd. afterwards charged upon the price of 9 cattle sold by him on his own recognisance at 135. 4d. a head £6 os. od. And he owes altogethers £j os. yd. And he is discharged in this respect because the sum is charged upon the said account in the indenture between my lady and the person responsible for the account rendered,11 dated the 7th day of December in the 2d year of the reign of king Richard in. fo. I46d. Cattle. — Roger, as written below, of 18 cattle out of the provision made by him for the time beneath written, 18 .... of [which] sold by the said [Roger] within such time, 9, at I3[s. 4d.] a head, £6 .....' * The leaf is much torn : Imput' is all that can be read. b predom only legible. c in clar' denar. d cortis' " Artific'. l fferram'.. e Et deb't coniu'cti'. h Qui exon'r hie eo q'd on' ant' super diet Comput infra Indent' int' d'nam et Comput' fact' gerent. ' All this is much torn and the last two lines, of which the second is quite torn away, are almost illegible. 846 LEICESTERSHIRE! ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. THE PIPE ROLL FOR LEICESTERSHIRE FOR THE FIRST YEAR OF KING JOHN (1199-1200), WITH SELECTED PLEAS FROM THE DE BANCO ROLLS FROM THE TWELFTH TO THE THIRTY-SEVENTH YEAR OF KING EDWARD III. (1338-1363). I. The English abstracts of documents in the Public Record Office which, follow have been made by Mr. W. K. Boyd, and have been presented to the Society by Mr. George Farnham. In spite of the amount of miscellaneous material collected by Nichols, the history of Leicestershire is still unwritten : its documentary material has hardly been touched, and a vast amount remains to be done before a scientific history of the county, as distinct from an antiquarian miscellany, can be compiled. It is only by the gradual publication of historical documents hitherto unprinted that the way can be paved for this task ; and with this view the present instalment of Leicestershire records is placed before the reader who is willing to give time to research among original sources. Of the extracts from the Pipe Roll of 1199-1200 only a general explanation need be given. A summary description of the contents of the Pipe Rolls or Great Rolls of the Exchequer will be found in Mr. Scargill-Bird's Guide to the Public Records, pp. 231-3. Once a year the sheriffs of the various counties returned to the Exchequer an account of the rents and payments due from their several areas to the Crown. The method of accounting is fully described in the famous treatise. Dialogue de Scaccario, the work of one who was thoroughly conversant with the business of the Exchequer. As a rule, the sheriff had a lease of the rents of the county for a fixed yearly sum, the firma or farm, for which he accounted in gross, mentioning deductions or special charges in detail. His account was entered by the clerk of the Exchequer upon a roll called the Pipe roll. The origin of this name is said to be metaphorical: the Pipe office, as this department of the Exchequer was called, was the pipe or conduit through which the stream of gold and silver fiom the various parts of the realm passed into the cistern of the royal treasury. Although other derivations have been given, this is the one generally accepted. A passage translated from the Dialogus de Scaecario, a dialogue between a learner and his master, explains the composition of the THE PIPE ROLL FOB LEICESTERSHIBE. 347 rolls.1 " It is th^duty of the scribe who sits next to the treasurer to get ready the sheepskin rolls for writing, not without reason. Their length is to the extent of two parchments, not of any sort whatever, but of large size and specially procured for this purpose : their width is rather more than a hand's breadth and a half. The rolls then are ruled almost from the top downwards and on either side with lines at a seemly distance from one another, and at the top of the roll are written the names of the counties and bailiwicks, the account from which is rendered below. Then, leaving a short space of about three or four fingers' breadth, the name of the county which is dealt with in the first instance is written in the middle of the line. Next, at the beginning of the line following the sheriff's name is engrossed, followed by this form of words, ' So-and-so the sheriff renders his account of the farm of such and such a county.' Then a little after ' into the treasury' is written on the same line, nothing else being added until the account is completed, for the pressing reason which is explained in the description of the sheriff's duties. Then at the beginning of the next line are stated the charges upon the farm of the county arising from alms and settled tithes and also from liveries. After this at the beginning of the lower line under the title of ' lands given' note is made of the gifts granted by the bounty of kings to churches or to those who have served in them, as regards such of their estates as are appointed to the crown, some in blanc and some by tale." At this point the pupil asks the meaning of blanc. and tale, but the master proceeds . " Let us for the present pursue the question of the scribe's duties ; you may ask this, if you please, when we come to the sheriff's business. After ' lands given,' a break of a line is left to show that these form another separate department on their own account, and note is made of expenditures from the farm which are ordered by royal writs, because tbese are not fixed, but occasional. Some there are also of which mention will be made below, of which reckoning is made by custom of the Exchequer. So ends the account for the corpus of the county. After this, following a space of six or seven lines, comes the account of pur- prestures and escheats beginning thus, ' The same sheriff renders his account of the farm of purprestures and escheats,' as well as of all the farms of manors and the estimate of woods which are due and paid yearly. Then the accounts are put together in their order, with the exception of those of certain cities, towns and bailiwicks, the accounts of which are larger, because they have settled alms or payments and lands given. Special summonses concerning the dues of the crown are addressed to the bailiffs of these lands, and they are accounted for after the reckoning for the counties in which they are is completely finished, as is the case with Lincoln, Win chester, Meons, Berkhampstead, Colchester and many others." • Dialogic de Scaccario, ap. Stubbs, Select Charters, 185-7. 348 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. What, asks the student, is the difference between the terms ' farm ' and ' cess,' as applied to certain fixed rents. " Farms," answers the master, •' apply to manors, cesses to woods only. For the revenues from manors are rightly called firm and immov able, because they are renewed and recur by tillage from year to year, and further there are certain rents fixed in the same by perpetual right of custom. Those, on the other hand that by yearly law are due from woods, which are cut down and destroyed daily, do not bring in so firm and immovable a profit, but go up and down, if not every year, at least constantly, and are called cesses (census) ; and so they say in the abstract that these rents are cessed. Some believe, however, that ' cess' is a name for payments from individuals, ' farm ' for the amount accruing from these. In this case 'farm,' like 'crowd,' is a collective designation ; and on this account the estimate is made on trust, so as to show that it is a yearly return and denote that it is not fixed." He then goes back to the main subject. " After this is settled, another space is left, and the account is given of the debts for which the sheriff is summoned, preceded by the names of the judges to whom they belong. Finally we come to the account of the chattels of fugitives, or of persons who have been mutilated for their trespasses ; at the end of which the account of the shrievalty is finished. The scribe must take care to write nothing which his own mind may prompt on the roll, apart from what he takes down at the treasurer's dictation. If haply by carelessness or any other chance he makes a mistake in writing the roll, as regards a name or a number or a reason, in which the true force of the writing consists, he must not take on himself to scratch it out, but should cancel it by drawing a thin line beneath it, and should write the correct words after it. For the writing of the roll has this in common with charters and other writings patent, that erasures must not be made ; and for this reason warning is given that the rolls should be of sheepskin, because they do not readily suffer erasure without disclosing the fault." We may now turn to the deferred explanation of the difference between payment in blanc and payment by tale.3 " Farm is paid in blanc, when the coin is blanched by assay ... by tale, when it is paid merely by counting money without assaying it. When the king, then, gives an estate to anyone together with the hundred or the pleas accruing therefrom, the estate is said to be given to that person in blanc ; but when he makes a simple gift of the estate, keeping back for himself the hundred, by reason of which the farm is said to be blanched, and not defining it as given with the hundred or in blanc, it is said to be given by tale. Now," he proceeds, " as concerning the estate granted, the grantee must bring the king's writ or charter to the Exchequer at Michaelmas term, so that it may be charged to the sheriff's account: otherwise 1 Ibid. ±20-1. THE PIPE ROLL FOR LEICESTERSHIRE. 349 it will not be written in the great roll for the year, or charged to the sheriff. And it shall be written thus, after alms and tithes and fixed liveries of either kind, at the beginning of a line, ' in lands given to X. £20 blanc in such a place, and to N. £20 in such a place by tale.' Observe also that, if you happen to find among lands given, ' to so-and-so £10 blauc,' or ' by tale in such a place of the king's gift,' and the man who has enjoyed the benefit of the accommodation or gift has departed this life, it is only by the king's grace that opportunity of claiming the benefit on account of the gift is afforded to his wife, his children or anyone in his name ; and likewise if the phrase runs ' to such a man £10 so long as the king pleases.' " Further glosses from the same source may be added upon the chief terms used in the main headings of the roll.a " Of liveries some are those of needy people, as when the king, from the mere impulse of charity appoints a penny or twopence or more a day to anyone for his food and clothing. Some are by way of salaries received by servants, such as housekeepers, king's porters, minstrels, wolf-catchers and so on. These liveries, then, are of various kinds, which are paid for divers reasons, and yet are put among the fixed items of the account. It should be noted that, though the king is free to grant these liveries to any needy persons whomsoever, never theless they are wont of old appointment to be assigned to such servants in the court as, having no income, fall into bodily infirmity and become useless for work." As regards purprestures :b " Sometimes it happens by neglect of the sheriff or his officers, or perhaps by the long continuation of a state of war, that persons dwelling near estates appropriated to the Crown, seize upon a portion of them for themselves and add them to their own possessions. Now, when the judges on their rounds have discovered this by the oath of lawful men, they are priced apart from the county farm and given to the sheriffs . to be answered for separately. These are what we call purprestures or things occupied, which, when they are discovered, are taken away, as is aforesaid, from the possessors and henceforward go to the revenue. If he from whom the thing occupied is taken away is himself the author of the deed, he shall at the same time be very heavily punished in money, unless the king spares him ; but if he is not the author, but the author's heir, the mere resumption of the estate by the crown is sufficient penalty." Escheats, upon which the dialogue enlarges at considerable length, are briefly properties "which, on the decease of tenants of the king in chief, lapse to the revenue, when there is no heir by reason of blood ; and of these account is made together with pur prestures in one continuous writing; but in such a way that the individual names are mentioned in order." ' Ibid. 221. k Ibid. 225-6. 350 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The pleas which are so prominent on the roll, together with the covenants or offerings (oblata) are thus explained.1 " Pleas are the name we give to ,the fines in money incurred by transgressors: covenants are voluntary offerings. When the time for exacting these is come, the summons is first delivered to the chancellor's clerk, who presses the sherifE for the several details in order, saying ' Render £10 for so-and-so, for this reason.' And if the sum de manded is paid in the treasury, there shall be written as follows in the roll for the year, ' X. renders account of-£10 for this reason,' and the whole should be put in writing in order ; ' he has paid it in the treasury and is quit.' But if he is quit by the king's writ, so that, as we have said, the amount is stated in the brief, there shall be said, ' X. renders account of £10,' with the reason added ; and then a little lower down on the same line, ' by the king's brief to the same N. £10, and he is quit.' But if he be summoned for 100s., albeit the sum of the debt in the roll is £10 and he has paid 100s. in cash, or the king's brief has sued him for 100s., there shall yet he said, ' X. renders account of £10 ; he has paid 100s. in the treasury and owes 100s.,' or ' in pardons by the king's brief to the same N. 100s., and he owes 100s.' And take note that in all accounts of pleas and covenants each man shall answer himself, so, that is, that he may undertake in his own name the burden of the debt, if he has not paid, or the acquittance if he has paid the whole, except in the case of common assizes, Danegeld and fines for murder. For these last the sheriff gives account, and touching these he himself is written down in the roll either as quit or in debt." To-day the value of the Pipe Rolls is largely the result of inferences to be derived from details which to the Exchequer were purely of financial interest. Thus historians have discovered an immense amount of information with regard to the building of royal castles and manor-houses from the record of the sums ex pended upon them out of the county farms : the Pipe Rolls may be said to have played the chief part in correcting the irresponsible statements and legends which have long passed as historical fact in popular descriptions of the castles of the twelfth century. For the genealogical information which they convey they are priceless : at a time when charters are undated and their dates can be only approximately fixed by handwriting or by the occurrence of the name of some well-known witness which supplies a limit of date, the mention of individuals in a dated roll often gives the necessary link in a pedigree or in the descent of property. The continuous series of Pipe Rolls, moreover, covers a period some years earlier than the beginning of the series of Chancery Rolls, the Patent and Close Rolls, etc., which for the reigns of Henry n. and Richard I. are wholly wanting. * Ibid. 232-3. THE PIPE ROLL FOE LEICESTERSHIRE. 351 The earliest Pipe Roll, for 31 Henry i., was edited by Joseph Hunter for the Record Commission in 1833 : he subsequently (1844) edited the rolls for 2, 3 and 4 Henry n. and 1 Richard I. The Pipe Roll Society, founded for printing these and kindred docu ments of a date before the year 1200, has printed a large number of the rolls from 5 Henry n. onwards ; and its publications include a general introduction to the series by Mr. Hubert Hall (1884). For extracts relating to separate counties, the index of the late Professor Gross's Sources and Literature of English History (2d ed. 1915) should be consulted. It will be noted that the returns for Warwickshire and Leices tershire are made together by one sheriff for the two counties. Such small portions as relate to Warwickshire alone are omitted in the present English version ; but the history of the two shires is closely intertwined, and the necessary inclusion of much Warwick shire matter serves to enlarge our knowledge of our own county. Place-names have been identified as far as possible : the forms, however, are often of a general kind or occur in several places, and all merely conjectural identification has been avoided. II. The second series of extracts is a selection of suits from the De Banco Rolls of Edward in. This great series of rolls, beginning with the reign of Edward i.. is the record of pleas heard before the justices of the common bench or Court of common pleas, as distinct from pleas heard coram rege or in the King's bench. These two courts, sitting at Westminster, were the outcome of the Curia Regis of earlier reigns; and in their records of litigation we have the most important source for the history of real property in England. Owing to their magnitude, however—for a De Banco roll for a single term, embracing suits from the whole of England, generally consists of several hundreds of membranes, each some four feet long—they remain a source which has been very imperfectly worked. Explorers from various counties have done their best; and the extent of information which may be gleaned by research may be estimated from the single volume of General Plantagenet Harrison's projected History of Yorkshire, dealing with the wapen- take of Hang West. Neglect of these rolls vitiates the older county histories and is a defect even of modern and more scientific com pilations. The few suits which are given here liave been selected by Mr. Farnham from the large extracts which he has made from the De Banco Rolls. While they give a clear idea of the judicial procedure, they are to some extent complete in themselves. Suits dragged on from term to term and may be pursued from roll to roll; and, in 352 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. spite of the voluminous nature of the records, their issue is frequently left undecided. The whole question of the way in which the rolls were compiled is a difficult one, which needs close study and a special monograph. The original record is often continued with the sequel of the suit in a blank space left for the purpose, but terminates abruptly ; often the blank space is left without being filled up. If the records thus leave much to be desired, the details given by the several parties in the case or their attorneys are full of interest, tracing, as they often do, the history of the descent of a piece of property for a long period. The statements, of course, are not always to be relied on, and attorneys did not scruple to bolster up weak cases by fictitious evidence; but a comparison of opposing statements will often show how the land really lay, and frequently the truth can be tested by reference to other official documents. This is especially the case with regard to the disputes about advowsons of churches which came before the court. It is well known that the right of presentation to ecclesiastical benefices, although reserved by Canon law, the common law of the Church, to the courts spiritual, was in England a matter outside their jurisdiction and came within the cognisance of the temporal courts, Owing to tlie frequent division of heritages and to the subinfeuda- tion of property, it was often extremely uncertain to whom an advowson, a right which, being in itself merely a notion, was always appurtenant to and inseparable from a parcel of land, actually belonged. A claimant sued out a writ of quare impedit against the tenant in possession and his presentee, if the latter had received institution : an assize of darrein presentment was called to investigate the circumstances of the last presentation and the right of the patron, and both parties told their story of the descent of the advowson, often including the names of the incumbents who had been presented and instituted to the living for more than a hundred years back. We have an infallible means of checking their statements in the institution registers of the bishops, which, for the diocese of Lincoln, including Leicestershire, begin early in the thirteenth century ; and, what is more, where the rolls do not contain the result of the suit, it is noted in. the institution registers, where the brief ordering the bishop to institute the winning party's presentee is often copied in full. The assistance which the institution books afford in this way will be understood from the notes to the case of the Crown v. Richard Scrope in 1355, relating to the advowson of Medbourne-. The history of the manor and parish of Medbourne, connected with many famous names, forms one of the most interesting studies in Leicestershire local history ; and the circumstances leading to the present suit may be explained from other sources. The advowson of Medbourne, which belonged to the Crown, was given by THE PIPE BOLL FOE LEICESTERSHIRE. 353 Henry 11. to the abbot and convent of Owston in frankalmoin, as a reward for the hospitality which they had given him on one occasion. As was usual in such gifts, it was understood that, upon the death or resignation of the rector for the time being, the abbot and convent could enter upon the enjoyment of the rectorial tithes. Thomas Griffyn, the rector, survived many years and did not die until the very end of the reign of John. Meanwhile, the abbot and convent had taken the precaution to get Henry n's charter con firmed by Richard i.; but it is evident that they neglected to obtain the necessary confirmation from John. When Griffyn died during a period of civil war, they probably felt that to appropriate the church would be insecure, and so presented a clerk for institution to the rectory. Here, however, the legate Gualo stepped in and gave the church to Nicholas or Colin, brother of the notorious Fawkes of Br^aute, who was duly instituted/ In spite of the compliance of the bishop with this high-handed proceeding, the fact that the patronage belonged to the abbot and convent seems to have been generally recognised.*1 In 1237, after the death of Nicholas of Breaute, bishop G*osseteste admitted one of his own clerks to the church on the presentation of the abbot.c This, however, was disputed by the Crown, and a writ of Quare presentavit was issued against the abbot. To his statement of the main facts it was answered that he and his convent had never taken seisin of the church according to the terms of the charter. The court recognised, further, that Gualo had acted, not merely by virtue of his legatine authority, but as guardian of the infant Henry in. and regent of the realm. Henry n's charter was there fore declared null, seisin remained to the king, the abbot was amerced, and the bishop was ordered to admit the king's presentee.d Some six years before this suit, in 1231, the Crown had pre sented a olerk to the church." If this marks the date of Nicholas of Br6aut6's death, the church must have remained vacant a long time, as there is no record of an admission until that already mentioned in 1237. This took place in April, in the face of two successive presentations by the Crown in the previous month ;f and, though the abbot lost the suit, the clerk who had been insti tuted at his presentation kept the church, nor is there any sign that a third presentation, made by the Crown in 1238,g had any effect. In 1249 Re'my of Pocklington, who had been instituted in .1237, died :b and, although the vacancy at Medbourne is not recorded, we find the Crown presenting one Gerard Belac in April • Rot. Hug. Welles (Cant, and York Soc.) I., 92. " See ibid, i., 260. e Rot- Qrosseteste (Cant, and York Soc.), 393. 395. a Abbrev. Placitorum (Record Comm.) 105. e Pat. Rolls 1225-32, p. 455. ' Gal. Pat. Rolls 1232-47, pp 1 j$ l 177. i Ibid. p. 222. " Rot. Grosseteste, 106. 354 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. of this year to the living.8 His institution is missing, but we know that he died rector of Medbourne in 1268.b It is therefore clear that after 1238 the Crown admitted the possessory right of the existing incumbent, resuming the right of presentation on his death, and that this right was na longer disputed by the abbot and convent of Owston. In 1268 the Crown presented Geoffrey Neubald, but subse quently cancelled the letters ; and the same clerk was admitted on the presentation of the king's clerk, John Kirkby, to whom the advowson had been granted by charter.0 The circumstances of this grant are detailed in a document of 1313-4, the statements of which may be compared with those made in the present suit.d Henry in. made a grant of 47s. 9d. rent to his serjeant, William le Chaundler, and his heirs, for a yearly' payment of sixpence at the Exchequer in lieu of all service. Chaundler subsequently parted with this to John Kirkby and his heirs and with it conveyed the advowson of Medbourne, which had not been mentioned in the king's charter. This transaction was confirmed by Henry in., who granted the advowson to Kirkby as appurtenant to the rent and, in place of the yearly sixpence, charged the grant with the service of a twentieth part of a knight's fee. When Kirkby died bishop of Ely in 1290, his property passed to his brother William, who died without issue. It was then divided between his four sisters and their husbands; and one of these, Robert Grymbaud, husband of Mabel Kirkby, to whom the advowson had been adjudged in June 1306,e conveyed 9s. 3d. rent and the advowson as appurtenant to Henry le Scrope and his heirs to hold by the due and accustomed services. This grant was confirmed by the Crown on 24 March 1313-4, with a commutation of the service to twopence a year at Easter. As will be seen from the foot-notes to the text of the present suit, the Lincoln registers show that Henry le Scrope's right to present remained unquestioned, and, though it is not stated whether he presented Peter Medbourne in 1327-8, four clerks were instituted at his presentation between then and 1334. In November 1354 a licence was granted to his son Richard, afterwards first lord Scrope of Bolton, to grant the advowson, said to be held of the Crown in socage, to William de la Pole, his father-in-law, for con veyance and appropriation to the hospital which the latter proposed to found at Hull.f These letters patent, however, were surrendered, and in the following year, when the church was vacant, the Crown claimed the right of presentation against Richard. a Cal, Pat. Rolls 1247-58, p. 39. ' Rot. Oravs-'n. (Cant, and York Soc.) 148. ' Cal. Pat. Rolls 1266-72, p. 2^1; Rot. Gravestnd, ut sup. « Cal. Pat. Rolls 1313-7, pp. 97, 98. * Cal Close Rolls 1302-7, p. 41. ' Cal..Pat. Rolls 1354-8 p. 158. THE PIPE ROLL FOE LEICESTERSHIRE. 355 The end of the suit is not recorded on the rolls, but the Crown won its case on what, if we compare the plea with the real facts, were certainly insufficient grounds. We may suspect that the real cause of the action was the proposed alienation in mortmain of the church to a religious foundation, with the consequent loss to the Crown. As the result, the Crown presentee was instituted. Simi larly, the Crown presented incumbents in 1361, 1366, twice in 1371, in 1373 and 1378. a During this period the projected grant of the advowson to the house at Hull was not relinquished. It forms part of the new licence granted to William de la Pole in 1365, when his scheme was changed to the foundation of a house of Franciscan nuns, and again in 1377, when his son Michael eventually realised the plan by founding the Hull Charterhouse.15 No mention, however, is made of it in the foundation charter granted in 1378.c In October 1382 Richard n., by his free grant, restored the advowson to lord Scrope of Bolton,d who accordingly presented on the next vacancy in 1385-6.e His presentee was rector at the beginning of the reign of Henry iv.,f after which an institution is missing. In 1438 Richard Neville, earl of Salisbury, presented, apparently as guardian of his nephew Henry, fourth lord Scrope, who presented in 1449-50. John, fifth lord, presented in 1469, 1479 and 1483.; Henry, seventh lord, in 1507-8 and 1519, when an inquiry was held and it was found that he was patron under the grant of Richard n.g In 1540 a presentation was made by Thomas Nevill of Holt, whether by purchase of the advowson or as a lessee is not stated.11 John, lord Scrope, was seised of the manor at his death in June 1550 ; but the interest of the Scropes in manor and advowson appears to have terminated in 1565, when Thomas Nevill entered into possession.1 The other suits, with one exception, may be left to speak for themselves. Their genealogical value may be instanced from the suit relating to land at Long Clawson in 1352. The suit between the priors of Monks Kirby and Lewes in 1353 recalls various suits of an earlier period which preceded the appropriation of the Church of Melton Mowbray to the prior and convent of Lewes and throws some light, in which the Lincoln institution rolls are deficient, upon the vexed history of the advowson. Further, the plea of • Lincoln Reg. ix., ff. 363, 376; x., ff. 236, ajid, 252, 253. 2561! 257, 2&gd; cf. Cal. Pat. Rolls 1361-4, p. 46; 1364-7. P- 3°9:. '37°-4. PP- T 35. 156. 320; 1377-81, pp. 220, 262. Another presentation occurs in 1367 (ibid. 1367-70, p. 25), but this seems to have been made in error. b Ibid. 1364-7, p. 163 ; 1377-81, pp.470-1. • Monasticon VI,, 20 ; cf. the deeds in York Reg. A. Neville, I., ff. 47, etc. " Cal. Pat. Bolls 1381-5, p. 176. e Lincoln Reg. XI., fo. 203. f Cal. Pat. Bolls 1199-1401, p. 137. ' Lincoln Reg. xvin., if. i^grl, 153 ; xx., £0.222; xxi., fo. 75 ; xxii., fo. 207 ; xxin., fo. 26od ; xxv., fo. 4od. h Lincoln Reg. xxvn. 1 See the uot very clear account in Nichols, Hist. Leices. u. (2), 714. 356 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 1356, in which the prior of Laund was concerned, adds some details to the story of the foundation of the chantry of Chaddesden in Derbyshire, for the services of which the parochial chapel, a beautiful example of late fourteenth-century architecture not far from the borders of our county, was rebuilt. The earliest plea of the series, in 1338, demands, however, more detailed consideration, as it touches part of the large possessions of an alien abbey in Leicestershire. It concerns the withholding by the abbot and convent of Leicester of the farm of certain tithes iu Leicester, Braunstone, Bushby, Evington, Kirby Muxloe and Wigston which had been leased to tbem by the abbot and convent of Saint-Evroult in Normandy. So far, the suit tells its own story. The connexion of the foreign abbey, famous as the monastery to which Ordericus Vitalis, the greatest of twelfth-century historians, belonged, with Leicester and Leicestershire needs some explanation. The abbey of Notre-Dame-du-Bois at Saint-Evroult in the forest of Ouche, near Echauffour (Orne), wasrefounded in 1050 by William and Robert, sons of Giroie, aud their nephews Hugh and Robert de Grantmesnil, of whom Hugh became the first Norman earl of Leicester. Thus, after the Norman conquest, when English lands were freely granted in frantalmoin to Norman monasteries, the abbey received various endowments out of the estates of Hugh de Grantmesnil and his tenants. The confirmatory charter granted by the Conqueror in 1081 mentions the grant of three villeins at Earls Shilton, two at Belgrave, and one each at Carlton Curlieu, Kirby Muxloe, Stoughton and Thurmaston, and the six advowsons of Belgrave, Carlton Curlieu, Glenfield. Noseley, Great Peatling and Thurcaston.a Before 1108 Robert de Beaumont, baron of Hinckley and high steward of England, confirmed in frankalmoin to the abbey whatever it possessed in his whole land, with special' mention of demesne tithe in Leicester, Brentingby, Oadby, Thorpe Arnold, Waltham-on-the-Wolds and Wigston. This was farther confirmed by Robert's grandson, the husband of Pernell, great-grand daughter of Hugh de Grantmesnil, and son of the founder of Leicester abbey.b The property acquired by the abbey of Saint-Evroult from the earls of Leicester and their tenants may be estimated from the statements contained in the Matriculus of bishop Hugh Welles. This document is a summary of returns from the parishes of the archdeaconry of Leicester, compiled about 1228 and containing the names of patrons and incumbents with details of the allocation of tithe. It mentions the six advowsons of the churches already re ferred to, with the addition of that of Swithland. Of these churches Great Peatling only was appropriated to the convent—i.e., they " Ord. Vit. vi,, c.v ; Monasticon vi., 1078-9. b Monasticon vi., 1079. THE PIPE BOLL FOB LEICESTERSHIRE. 357 were rectors of only one. Their other property arose from the grant of demesne tithes from various manors, amounting in most cases to two-thirds of the whole sum. In Evington, Galby, Great Glen, Humberstone, Langton, Laughton, Oadby, Shangton, Earls Shilton, Little Sheepy, Stonton Wyvill, Stoughton, Thorpe Arnold, Willoughby Waterless and Wymeswold they owned such two- thirds. From Broughton Astley and Wigston they received com positions of two shillings for similar tithes in each place ; and from Thurlaston two shillings for the whole of the earl's demesne tithe. In Braunstone and Kirby Muxloe they had the entire demesne tithe ; in Sapcote two-thirds of the tithe of wheat from one carucate of the fee of Leicester ; in the parish of St. Mary's, Leicester, one-third of the tithe of sheaves from three carucates ; in Bushby two-thirds of the tithe of one carucate. Miscellaneous tithe also came from Kna-ptoft and Sileby.3 In spite of these possessions, the abbey established no cell or priory in Leicestershire, where a few monks could take up their abode and act as their estate agents. Their affairs in England were managed by the prior of their cell at Ware in Hertfordshire, who collected their rents and presented incumbents to their churches in their name. It should be noted that at Ware, as in the case of most ' alien priories,' there was no convent, strictly speaking, with its own church and cloister buildings. Alien priories which were really monasteries, such as Blyth, St. Neots and Tutbury, were few in number : the ordinary alien priory consisted of a monk, with one or two companions, who were sent over to England for business reasons and lived in a rectory or manor-house which belonged to the mother abbey. In 1338, when the present suit was brought, we are at a period when, owing to the recurrent state of war with France, the position of alien priories was extremely precarious ; and, during the Hundred years' war, their property was, with very few intervals, in the king's hands. Edward in. and Richard n. used it freely for the endowment of new foundations at home, such as St. George's, Windsor, New college at Oxford, and the various Charterhouses which came into existence towards the end of the fourteenth century; and it was finally alienated from its foreign possessors by Henry v. Thus the abbey of Saint-Evroult lost its Leicestershire possessions. Certain of these had been parted with earlier : the right of patronage of the church of Noseley had been transferred in the thirteenth century, before the conversion of the church into a collegiate chapel by Roger Mortival, archdeacon of Leicester. Great Peatling church was transferred to the prior and convent of Laund, who appropriated it. The goods of the abbey of Saint-Evroult, after their confiscation by Edward in., remained in the hands of the Crown until 1414, when Henry v. granted the » Rot. Hug. Welles i., 238-73. 2 Vol. XL 358 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. alien priory of Ware with its appurtenances, including the Leices tershire property and the advowsons of Belgrave, Carlton Curlieu, Glen field and Thurcaston, to the Carthusian house of Jesus of Bethlehem at Shene which he had founded. The endowments of this monastery, in addition to the English possessions of Saint- Evroult, were formed out of those of the abbeys of St. Peter at Ghent and of Jumieges and Lire in Normandy ; and with those of Lire passed the Leicestershire alien priory of Hinckley, with its advowsons of Fenny Dray ton, Higham-on-the-Hill, Sibson and Witherley." " See Monasticon THE PIPE BOLL FOB LEICESTERSHIBE. 359 I. PIPE ROLLS i JOHN, m. 18. WARWICKSHIRE AND LEICESTERSHIRE. Reginald Basset renders account of 532. 8s. Id. blanc, of the farm of the counties for the 8th year [of Ric. i.] and 312. 6s. 4 a Bidford. b Stoneleigh. The Cistercian abbey founded by the empress Maud at Radmore in Cannock Chase, Staffs., was transferred by Henry u. to Stoneleigh in 1153. c Great Bowden and Market Harborough. J Kiueton. • Rothley. 360 LEICE8TEE8HIEE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Robert de Harecurt [owes] 511. 9*. 8d. blanc, of the farm of the counties for the year past. William de Albeuni [owes] 31i. 17*. Id. blanc, of the same farm for the 9th year [Ric. I.]. The same sheriff renders account of 200J. of new increment of the counties. Into the treasury 1002. And he owes 1002. But he answers below. The same W [illiam de Albenni] owes 50Z. of new increment for half of the 9th year. But it is recorded by H., archbishop of Canterbury,0 and G [eoffrey] Fitz Piersb and by the other barons that for this half year and for half the 7th year he answered as keeper (custos): and therefore it is considered that for both incre ments of the aforesaid year he be quit. Hugh, bishop of Coventry,0 owes 561. 16*. 4d. blanc of old farm of the counties for the 5th year, and 63Z. 5s. of old farm of the purprestures. And 501. for having the priory of Coventry. And 2000 marks for having King Richard's grace. The same sheriff renders account of 2s. 2rf. for one bovate of land in Tilton, and of 48s. for 22 bovates of land in the soke of Roleg,d and of 32«. 8d. for the farm of Caldewell, and of 10*. 8d. for the farm of Scaftinton," which belonged to [earl] David.* He delivered it into the treasury in four tallies. And he is quit. Hugh Bardolf owes 29*. for the assart of Stanleg' for the 6th year; and 29s. for the 7th year; and 29*. for the 8th year; and 29*. for the 9th year; and 29s. for the year past; and 29s. for this year. For all of which he answers as [. ?.ec.ayed ] But for the aforesaid debts he answers in the aforesaid years in the rolls of escheats, except for the year past, and for this year, for which he answers below amongst the escheats. Henry de Clinton owes 100*. for right,g as is contained in the 9th roll, and 61. 11*. 5d. for right, as is there contained. RobeM Mallore renders account of 141i. 7s. 8d. for disseisin, for his father. Into the treasury 10*. And he owes 1101. 17$. 8d. Ralph Fridai renders account of 6£ marks for disseisin. Into the treasury 3 marks, and he owes 8J marks. • Hubert Walter, bishop of Salisbury 1189, archbishop of Canterbury 1193- 1205. b Justiciar 1198, earl of Essex, died 1213, " Hugh of Nonant, bishop of Coventry and Lichfield 1188-98; sheriff in 1189 and 1191. d Roth ley. * Skeffington. l I.e. to the earldom of Huntingdon. e I.e, for a writ of right (breve de recto). THE PIPE ROLL FOR LEICESTERSHIRE. 361 William de St. Michael renders account of 21Z. 13s. 4d. for default. Into the treasury half a mark. And he owes 21Z. 6s. 8d. Whereof Gerard, his son, ought to reader 5s. yearly. Juliana de Daivill renders account of 101. for having right, as is contained in the 9th roll. Into the treasury 100s. And she owes 100s. Richard son of Roger owes 60 marks for having right, as is contained in the 9th roll. The prior of Keneluord owes 100s. as is there contained. William de Blaston owes 71. for having a recognition, as is there contained. Hugh, bishop of Coventry, owes 28s. 6d., and 40s. for the causes which are noted in the 9th roll. The earl of Warwick" [owes] 4U. 3s. 4d. for the scutage Wales. William de Bello Campo [owes] 40s. for his knights whom he holds in chief of the king throughout diverse counties. Walter, serjeant of Cumpton, owes 100s. for a fine which he made, as is contained in the 9th roll. Robert sou of Geoffrey owes 40s. for having his record against Peter son of Ralph. Serlo de Sutton owes 10 marks for a recognition of mort dan- cestor concerning the land of Sutton. Bat the said Serlo answers therefor in the second roll of king Richard. And he is quit there. CONCERNING THE DEBTS OF AARON. Simon de Scaftinton renders account of 27s. 4d. [which he owed] by charter. Into the treasury 3s., and he owes 24s. 4d. Roger Fitz Robert owes 33s. Wd. Geoffrey, son of W. Luci, owes 113s. on his land in Leicester1" and outside. Adulf de Brasei owes 22i. 16s. 8d. by a charter; and 29 marks and 8d. by other charters. Ralph le Turnur renders account of 181. 17s. 5d. on all his lay fee in Leicester" and outside. Into the treasury 2s., and he owes 181. 15s. 5d. Hugh de Chaucumb renders account of 25i. [which he owes] by charter. Into the treasury 20s. And he owes 24i. Simon de Harecurt owes 9i. by the pledge of Thomas de Estlega; and 20J. 8d. on Seinton and Mortond by the pledge of • Waleran de Newburgh, fourth earl. b c Leicest)* (in margin). d Saddington and Gilmorton. 3<>'.i LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Robert do Harecurt. Richard de Champain owes one mark by charter. William Pupet [owes] 30L by one charter, and 22Z. &d. on Scrapetoft.* Gilbert Medicus renders account of 73Z. 10s. on (Jlaibrocb and Belegrava. Into the treasury 20s., and he owes 721. 10*. Robert de Harecurt [owes] 10Z. 4s. Qd. by the pledge of Thomas de Estlega. The countess Petronilla owt;s ~> marks by a charter; and one mark by another charter, by the pledge of the earl of Leicester. [Interlined.] She is to be sought in Dorset. Ralph le Turnur owes 10Z. on his lay fee in Leicester" and outside. Robert, earl of Leicester,0 owes 3521. 6s. 8d. on his manors which are noted in the 7th roll; and 39Z. by a charter. William Mallore owes 58s. 6d. by a charter. Aaron the Jew of Leicester owes 47s. and 19Z. 10s. But Benedict de Taleoiout is to answer therefor in his account. William, son of Robert Fitz Ralph, renders account of 36Z. 14s. 6i/. ; and of 5 marks on Harestan6 by a charter. Into the treasury 10Z. ; and he owes 301. Is. Id. In respect of which he ought to render 10Z. yearly. William de Turevill renders account of 80J. on his lands of Lintou and of Fulebroc and of Wili.f And of 61. 3s. 4d. on his land of Hameldon. Into the treasury HZ. : and he owes 75Z. 3s. 4d. The earl of Leicester [owes] 61i. 16s. for waste of the wood of Haldanebi. Reginald Basset renders account of 100Z. of new increment of the county. Into the treasury 76Z. 13s. 4d. And in the livery of 5 knights and 20 mounted serjeants (servientimn eqtiitiim) and 20 serjeants on foot (servientimn peditum) in the castle of Muntsorel 18Z. and half a mark by the king's writ. And in repair of the same castle 100s. by the same writ and by the view of Godfrey le Norreis and Robert le Megre. And he is quit. " Scraptoft. b ClaybrooUe. c Leicestn (in margin). d Robert Fitz Parnell. ' Harston. ' T.yndon, Fulbrook and Willey, Warwicks. THE PIPE BOLL FOE LEICESTBESHIEE. 863 OF THE PLEAS OF H [UGH] BISHOP OF COVENTB?. Miles, son of the chaplain (Jilitts capell') renders account of . 8d. for plevin. Into the treasury half a mark : and he owes 23s. Robert de Turevill renders account of 13s. for a mill broken. Into the treasury 3s. And he owes 10s. Osbert Cherl renders account af is. because he impleaded monks who do not prosecute. Philip de Kinton renders account of 33L 18s. lOd. for having king Richard's favour. Into the treasury HZ. 14s. lid. And he owes 22Z. 3s. lid. Ralph de Gernemue [owes] 20 marks for having custody, as is contained in the 9th roll. Ralph de G-rafton owes 4 marks for having right, as is con tained in the same place. William, son of Ernisius, owes 40s. But he rendered them to the Exchequer of redemption,* and therefore he ought not to be summoned therefor. William de Bukingham is witness that it had received them. Robert de Pedliuges owes l'2d. because he withdrew. Robert de Crevequerb owes 30 marks for having a writ of right, as is contained in the 7th roll. Thomas de Ardenn' owes 40s. for having a recognition, as is contained in the 9th roll. William, son of Odric, owes 40s. for right in respect of 151. against Hugh de Bello Campo. Henry, archdeacon of Stafford,0 owes 50Z. 6s. 8d. for his fine for having king Richard's favour. But he rendered 501. thereof to the Exchequer of redemption, as Master William de Bukingham is witness before the barons, upon the Exchequer. Robert de Wulfeia [owes] 200 marks for having seisin of the archdeaconry of Coventry. Alice de Harecurt [owes] 20Z. for marrying whom she will in England. William de Albenni [owes] 20 marks that he have the afore said record of acquittance of the increment of the counties, which is demanded from him, as is above noted. King Richard's redemption. b Lord of Billesdon. c Henry of London, archdeacon, c. 1191; archbishop of Dublin 1212-28. 864 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. OF THE SCUTAGE FOR KING RiCHARD's REDEMPTION. The earl of Warwick [owes] 38L 3s. 8d. for the scutage. Hugh Pipard owes 40s. for the scutage of the bishop of Coventry. OF THE PLEAS OF G [EOFFREY] FlTZ PlERS AND HIS FELLOWS. The same sheriff renders account of 18d. from William de Keneliwrde in respect of an amercement (misericordia); and of QiQd. from Robert Galopin because he withdrew ; and of 20rf. from William Pachet for disseisin ; and of 8d. for Richard Blund's frankpledge ; and of 8d. for Richard Kipping's frankpledge; and of 21d. for William son of Goda's frankpledge ; and of 2s. 8d. from Alan Clerk (clerico); and of 2s. 8d. from Richard, son of Anketill; and of half a mark from Miles de Sancto Mauro ; and of 3s. from Freneli Wapeutake 8 for murder. Total 22s. lid. He delivered it into the treasury, and he is quit. William, son of Peter, renders account of 6s. for a false claim. Into the treasury 4s., and he owes 2s. Richard de Kildebi renders account of 20s. for disseisin. Into the treasury half a mark ; and he owes one mark. Waldin Crede renders account of 3s. 8d. for wine sold contrary to the assize. Into the treasury 12d.; and he owes 2s. 8d. Hugh Saget renders account of 4s. 8d. for a false claim. Into the treasury 12d.,- and he owes 3s. 8d. Margaret, who was the wife of Richard, renders account of 20d. for a false appeal. Into the treasury 12d.; and she owes 8d. William Pedman renders account of 4s. because he did not have a certain pledge [in the Court]. Into the treasury 12d.; and he owes 3s. Walter de Cimiterio renders account of 3*. 8d. for disseisin. Into the treasury 14d.; and he owes 2s. 6d. Walter Catin owes 2s. 8d. for Ralph's pledge. Hugh Tanner (tannator) owes] 20d. for disseisin. Gudlakeston Wapentake owes 17s. 3d. for murder. Gertre Wapentake owes 6s. lOd. for the same. Simon de Helidon owes 6s. 2d. for disseisin. William de Burleia owes half a mark for a false claim. Walter de Wihton owes half a mark because he does not prosecute. Wil liam de Furches owes 20s. for having right. Reginald Basset [owes] 171. in respect of increment of the counties for half the 9th year. • Framland. THE PIPE BOLL FOR LEICESTERSHIRE. 365 The earl of Warwick [owes] 5 marks for having to wife Robert de Harecurt's daughter," who was the wife of John de Limesei. Peter de Lincoln owes 10L that he may have the land of Hingetonb until the king's advent from Germany. OF THE SECOND SCUTAGE. The prior of Coventry [owes] 10L for the scutage, which were sought from William de Sancta Maria Ecclesia.0 But as the sheriff and the same William say, Hugh, bishop of Coventry, received them. The earl of Warwick [owes] 102L 6s. 8d. in respect of the scutage. Doun Bardolf* [owes] 43s. for the scutage in these counties, which are to be demanded from Hugh Bardolf, as the sheriff says. The archbishop of York8 [owes] 75s. for the scutage in these counties, which are to be demanded from Master Thomas de Husseburne,* as the sheriff says. Osbert de Clinton [owes] 20s. for the scutage. Ralph de Sumeri owes 5s. for the scutage. But he has acquit tance of the same scutage, as is contained in the roll of the 9th year in Staffordshire. The Abbot of Evesham [owes] 24s. Wd. for the scutage. Hugh Bardolph [owes] 40s. for the scutage in respect of the fee of John de Limesi. William de Molbrai [owes] 28s. for the scutage. William de Albeneio [owes] 33Z. for the scutage. OF THE THIRD SCUTAGE. Hugh, bishop of Coventry, owes 41. 15s. for his fine for not crossing over and for having the scutage of 25 knights, to wit, of 15 knights for the scutage of the bishopric, and of 10 knights for the scutage of the prior of Coventry. * Waleran de Newburgh, 4th earl of Warwick, married ist Margery, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford, by whom he had a son and heir Henry the 5th earl; and Alice daughter of Robert de Harecourt. Waleran died in 1205. Henry was born 1193. b riungerton. ° William of Ste-Mere-Eglise, bishop of London 1199-1221 : see Foss, Judges of England, 582. * Married Beatrice, daughter and heir of William de Warren, acquired by her the barony of Wormegay, co. Norfolk. He died in 1209 leaving Beatrice a widow (Burke's Extinct Peerage). c Geoffrey Plantagenet, archbishop 1190-1212. ' See Foss. op cit,, 359-60. 366 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Emma de Dunmart renders account of 20s. for the scut age. He delivered it into the treasury ; and he is quit. The archbishop of York [owes] 5s. for the scutaga. Osbert de Clinton [owes] 20s. for the scutage. Ralph de Surueri [owes] 5s. for the scutage. But he has acquittance of the same scutage, as is contained in the roll of the 9th year, in Staffordshire. The abbot of Evesham [owes] 24s. for the scutage. The earl of Warwick [owes] 10 marks for licence to return into England. Samson de Norwicz owes one mark for having right concerning 10 marks against Henry Costeiu. But B. de Talemout answers in his roll. OF ESCHEATS. William de Sancta Maria Ecclesia [owes] 7 marks for the residue of the farm of Wichiord" for the 9th year, as Ralph de Welleford says, who answered therefor in the year past. Stephen de Turaeham [owes] 10L of the same farm for the year past, as the same Stephen (the sheriff) answered in the roll of the year past, and 110s. 3d. for the residue of the farm of a moiety of A.lencestreb and of Brome" for the same year. The same Stephen [owes] 151. for the farm of Wicheford for this year ; and 91. 16s. 6d. for the farm of a moiety of Alcncestre and of Brome, whichd belonged to Henry de la Penne. Hugh Bardolph renders account of 29s. in respect of the assarts of Stanlege for the first year. And of 8s. 6d. of rent which be longed to William de Sancto Leodegar' in Normenton for the half year past: and of 40s. for the farm of Edricheston,6 belonging to William Turpin, for half a year; and of 10s. for the farm of the land within the close of Kenilworth castle, with the increment of the year past; and of 54s. 6^d. for the farm of the land of Sadinton,' which belonged to Richard Rollos, for the year past; and of 50s. for the farm of Haseleia* [.dfca)'ed ] for the entire year. Total 9L 12s. Into the treasury, and he is quit. The same H[ugh] renders account of 29s. in respect of the assarts of Stanleg' for this year; and of 10s. 6d. for the farm of the land within the close of Kenilworth castle, with the increment. He delivered it into the treasury in two tallies, and he is quit. " Wixford, near Alcester. • Alcester. ° Broom, near Alcester. * A. and B. (in margin). ' Edstone, co. Warwick, near Henley-in-Arden. ' Saddington. « Haseley, near Warwick. THE PIPE ROLL FOR LEICESTERSHIRE. 367 Stephen de Turneham owes 8s. Gd. for the rent which was William de Sancto Leodegario's in Normariton for the half "year elapsed. But he answers in the roll of escheats for the year past; and [he owes] 16s. of the same rent for this year; and 6s. 8d. of the same William's rent Ldecayed ] for the year past; and 6s. 8d. of the same rent for this year ; and 40s. of the farm of Edricheston, belonging to William Turpin, for half the year past. But he answers in the roll of escheats of the year past; and 4L of the same farm for this year; and 54s. 6^d. of the farm of Sadinton [for the half] year past; and 109s. Id. of the same farm for this year. Ralph de Martiwast [owes] 36s. for the residue of the farm of Belegrave for the 9th year ; and 54s. of the same farm for the year past; and 54s. of the same farm for this year ; and 8d. for the cess (censu) of a house which was ..... Leicester for the 9th year ; and 8d. for the same house for the year past; and 8d. for the same house for this year. OF ESCHEATS FOK THIS YEAR. The same sheriff renders account of 8s. 9d. of the rent of Croxton" for half a year, which belonged to a certain man of Flanders [whose name the sheriff does not know underlined for deletion, and over it is ivritteii] which belonged to Hugh del Espeise. And [he renders account of] 3s. 8d. for Sudmardefeld,b belonging to the same Hugh, for the same term ; and of 34s. Wd. of the rest of [ .d?c?*ed. ] for the same term ; and of 33s. of the rent of Babbigrave," belonging to the same Hugh, for the same term ; and of 15s. 2d. of the rent of Sumeretebi,4 belonging to the same Hugh, for the same term. He delivered it into the treasury in five tallies ; and he is quit. Henry de Clinton [owes] 40s. for right, as is contained in the 9th roll. Robert de Harecurt owes 10 marks for having right in respect of one knight's fee in Badeleia.* The same sheriff renders account of 4s. Id. of the issues of the aforesaid escheats. He delivered them into the treasury ; and he is quit. OF THE AMERCEMENTS OF H. [ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY] AND HIS FELLOWS. The same sheriff renders account of 5s. 8d. from William, son of Geoffrey, for a pledge ; and of 5s. 8d. from Simon de Scaldeford » South Croxton. b Marefield. ' Baggrave. d Somerby. • Baddesley. 368 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. for the same; and of 5s. 3d. from Robert, son of Ailwin, for disseissin ; and of [5s.] 8d. from Robert de Paris for the same; and of '2s. 8d. from Robert de Tameworde for the same; and of 40d. from Ranulph de Birkingbir' for plevin : and of 40d. from Richard de Luci for the same; and of 40d. from Adam de Napton for the same ; and of [ d?°fyed. ] Tateshale for disseisin. They delivered it into the treasury in ten tallies; and they are quit. Hugh de Dunham renders account of half a mark for disseisin, Into the treasury 4s. 8d.; and he owes 2s. Achard de Scaldeford owes half a mark because he did not prosecute. Osbert le May owes half a mark for the same. OF PLEAS OF THE FOREST. The same sheriff renders account of 16d. from Ralph, son of Drogo, for waste ; and of 2s. Sd. from Sybil de Weleham for ex change had contrary to the assize; and of 2s. 8d. from Robert Fridai for trespass of vert. Into [the treasury : and he is quit]. Henry, priest (presbiter) of Crawenho," owes half a mark for waste, and half a mark for another waste. The township of Overion owes 2s. 8d. for the same. Henry de Scaftinton renders account of 3s. 8d. for the same. Into the treasury 2s.; and he owes 20d. Adam de Bukemenistre renders account of 40d. for default. Into the treasury 18d., and he owes 22(2. TALLAGE MADE BY H [UGH] BARDOLF AND HIS FELLOWS. The same sheriff renders account of 4 marks in respect of the tallage of the township of Budiford, and of 10 marks from the township of Alencestre. OF OFFERINGS. Gilbert de Segrave renders account of 400 marks for aid of the king's war. Into the treasury 100 marks, and he owes 300 marks. Eutropius Hasteng and Amice, his wife, owe ten marks for having right in respect of a debt of 60 marks against the earl of Warwick. John le Mansel, William de Fliett' and Rohesia de Dorton and Mabel de Saluervill owe [.deo?yed ]. Fretegest renders account of 2s. 4d. for an amercement. Into the treasury nil. And in pardons to the Hospitallers 2s. 4d. by the liberties of their charters. » Cranoe. THE PIPE ROLL FOR LEICESTERSHIRE. 369 Nicolas de Appelbi renders account of half a mark for plevin. Into the treasury 3s., and he owes 3s. 8d. Thomas de Cisi renders account of 5s. 8d. for a supersedeas. Into the treasury 12d.; and he owes 4s. 8d. NEW OFFERINGS. Geoffrey le Burguinun and Beatrice, his wife, owe 100s. for having right in respect of their reasonable share which belonged to Norman, father of the said Beatrice. Maurice son of Robert the younger (junioris) who is in the custody of W., bishop of London,* owes 30 marks for having recognition inj the king's Court touching the vill of Sauceby,11 with the appur tenances, against Nicholas de Stutevill and Gunnora, his wife, whether the said Nicholas and Gunnora had entry [.d?cayed ] [Robert] de Gant, who, as they say, had nothing in that land except by Alice, the said Maurice's grandmother, whose inheritance that land was, who was the wife of the said Robert; and for having recognition against the monks of Vaudeyc touching the laud which is called Tokestoft, to wit, 40 acres, and touching the wood which is called How . [.decayfd ] and touching pasture of 300 sheep in Yrneham.d Geoffrey de Ardenn' owes 50s. for having right respecting 10L against Richard Cordewaner. Abel de Ferendon owes 3 marks for having right respecting 13 marks. Ranulf de Kenewarton owes 20s. that his suit which is in the county court be at Westminster] [.d?Myed ] Joan, his wife, touching tho land of Cocerton. John de Cruoil and his wife owe one young goshawk for having the king's writ that Peter de Goldinton render to them one knight's fee in Wirtinton,6 which he claims of his father's gift, and for which he has his charter. [.Decay.ed ] de Crumbe owes 40s. for a writ of mart dancestor, and for a writ of right touching one knight's fee in the bail (baillia) of William de London. William de Bisscopesdon' owes 100s. for having seisin of 100 solidates of land which he took with Juliana, his wife, in marriage. But Stephen de Turneham answered for 50s. of this debt, and 50s. are [charged] on the said William. " I.e., William de Ste-Mere Eglise. b Saltby, ° The Cistercian abbey of VauJey, the site of which is in Grimsthorpe Park, near Bourne, Lines. d Irnham, Lines. ' Worthington. f Dugdale, Antiq. Wurw. n., 701. William de Bisshopesdon married Juliana the daughter of Henry de Montfort. 370 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. . . racena, daughter of Mazeline, renders account of 30 marks for having seisin of 10 marks worth (mercatis) of land in Croxton, which are her right and inheritance, whereof she was disseised by the king when he was earl.' Into the treasury 10 marks, and she owes 20 marks. Henry de Hottot b owes one mark for a writ of mart dancestor touching 4 carucates of land in Meuton0 against the prior of Mealton. Henry son of Reginald owes one mark for a writ of mart dancestor touching 3£ bovutes of land in Croxton against Robert de Bissopesleia. Ralph son of Humfrey (Unfr') owes half a mark for having a writ of mort dancestor touching 20 acres of land in Claibroc. Henry Mallore owes 60 marks for having full seisin of all the lands which Anketill Mallore, his father, lost by reason of the service of king Henry the younger, brother of the now king, (amisit |> seruit Henf R. junioris fris R.) Richard Fitz Rogerd owes 100 marks for having his reasonable share of the land which belonged to.Turstan Banastre on Margaret,* his wife's part by right of primogeniture (cum esnecia), counting in those 100 marks 60 marks which he had before promised in a certain fine which was not received. Robert, son of David de Keistinton, owes 100s. for having such seisin of 4 carucates and 1 virgate of land in Kestinton' as his father had on the day on which he died. John de Spernoure owes 20s. that he can give further surety (ut possit replegiari) for right of the forest. TALLAGE MADE BY GEOFFREY DE NORWIZ AND HIS FELLOWS. The township of Babbegrave 2 marks. The township of Kaiham g 1 mark. The township of Croxton £ mark. The township of Sumeretebi \ mark. The township of Tamewrde 20s. The township of Budiford 2 marks. • Of Moreton. "> Of Bottesford. c Melton Mowbray. The ' prior of Melton ' probably means the prior of Lewes, although it is possible that at this date Lewes priory may have been represented by one of the monks as its agent at Melton. Such a monk may have been known as the prior of Melton. Many instances occur of such titles given to monks of alien monasteries who were sent over as estate agents to manage properties in England to which the general title of ' priories' was applied. " Richard Fitz Roger founded Lytham priory, a cell of Durham in Lancashire, and married Margaret Banastre. ' Margaret, lady of the Manor of Appleby, gave the advowson of Appleby to William, prior of Lytham. f Cossington. « Keyham. THE PIPE BOLL FOB LEICBSTEBSHIRE. 371 AMBBCEMENTfl MADE BY HUGH DE NEVILL AND HuOH WADE AND THEIB FELLOWS. Wavein de Kinewarton renders account of 4 marks because his dogs took a stag hunted from Warwickshire within the metes of the forest. Into the treasury 3 marks ; and he owes one mark. OF THE FIRST SCUTAGE ASSESSED AT 2 MABKS AFTEB THE PIBST COBONATION OF KING JOHN. The prior of Coventry - 20 marks. Fulk Fitz Warin - 2 Marks. Emma and Aliz de Dunmart - 2 marks. The archbishop of York - half a mark. William Crassus - - 8s. 10%d. Robert de Harecurt ... 2£ marks. Osbert de Clinton - - 2 marks. The abbot of Evesham ... 2 marks, 6s. 6. Hugh Bardolf, 4 marks for John de Limesi's fee. Eutropius Hasteng, 2 marks for Ralph Musard's scutage in these counties. Earl David, Ralph Fitz Wigan, Wido de Diva, the earl of Ferrers, the earl of Albemarle, Roger de Mortimer, the earl of Leicester, William de St. John, William de Belmes, Henry Falconer (Falconarius), Robert Marmiun, William de Albenni, all these are found in the roll of the 7th year amongst those quit of the first scutage of king Richard ; nor did the sheriff render anything for them nor did he show writs for their acquittance, nor did he certify the barons for how many fees they ought to answer in these counties. These have acquittance by writs. The earl of Warwick, William Fitz Hamon, William de Longo Campo, Richard Basset, Hugh de Ferrers, the earl of Chester, Ralph de Sumeri, William de Molbrai, Henry de Stutevill, Hugh de Herfiz, William de Harecurt, William de Cantelu, Doun Bardolf, Ralph Fitz Stephen, William de Ferrers, Warin Fitz Gerold. 372 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. II. DE BANCO ROLLS 12 EDWAKD in. (No. 315), m. 232. [A.D. 1338.] PLEAS at York before J. de Stonore* and his fellows, justices of the bench, Trinity 12 Edward in. The lord the king sent his writ closed to his justices of the bench in these words:—Edward, by the grace of God king of England, lord of Ireland and duke of Aquitaine, to his justices of the bench, greeting. We send you under the foot of our seal the record and process of the suit which was before John de Vallibns b aud his fellows, late justices of the lord Edward, formerly king of England, our grandfather, in eyre in the county of Leicester, by writ of our said grandfather, between the abbot of St. Evroult and the abbot of Leicester, for that the same abbot of Leicester should render to the aforesaid abbot of St. Evroult 881. 13s. 4d. which were in arrear to him in respect of a yearly rent of 20 marks; and also the record and process of the suit which was before the same justices by another writ of our said grandfather between the afore said abbot of St. Evroult and the aforesaid abbot of Leicester for that the same abbot of Leicester should render to the aforesaid abbot of St. Evroult 41. 3s. -id., which were in arrear to him in respect of a yearly rent of 13s. 4d.. Which said suits afterwards were determined before Thomas de Weylande" and his fellows justices of the same our grandfather, of the bench, in the 14th year of his reign, which records and processes we caused to come before us in our Chancery for certain causes, commanding you that, having inspected the records and processes aforesaid, you do further cause to be done at the prosecution of the now abbot of St. Evroult in this behalf what of right and according to the law and custom of our realm shall be to be done. Witness ourself at Ipswich the 24th day of June in the 12th year of our reign.d "Justice of the common pleas, 10 Oct. 1320 ; chief baron of the Exchequer, 22 Feb. 1328-9 ; chief justice of the common pleas, 3 Sept 1329—2 March 1330-1, 7 July I33? -8 Jan. 1340-1, and 9 May 1342-1354 (Foss, Judges, 634-5). "John de Vaux, justice in eyre 6-14 Edw. i.: steward of Aquitaine n Edw. I,; d. 1288 (Foss, op. cit., 689). c Justice in eyre cos. Essex and Herts. 1272 ; justice of the common pleas, Michaelmas 1274 ; chief justice 1278-89. He for feited his office for bribery and corruption and his complicity in conspiracy to murder. See Foss, op. cit., 720. d 1338. ABSTRACTS FEOM THE DE BANCO BOLLS, CO. LDICESTEE. 873 The same lord the king also sent here the record aforesaid in these words :—Pleas at Westminster before Thomas de Weylande and his fellows justices of the lord the king, of the bench, of Easter term in the 14th year of the reign of king Edward, son of king Henry.a Leicester to wit. The abbot of Leicester was sum moned before John de Vallibus and his fellows justices in eyre at Leicester to answer to the abbot of St. Evroult in a plea that he render to him 881. 13s. 4d., which are in arrear, &c., and in a plea that he render to him 4L 3s. 8d., which are in arrear, &c. And wherefore the said abbot of St. Evroult, by his attorney, complains that whereas a certain Alan, predecessor of the said abbot of Leicester, on Mich. Day 25 Henry in.* for several contracts had between the said abbot and a certain William, predecessor of the said abbot of St. Evroult, granted for himself and his successors to the said abbot of St. Evroult %nd to his successors 20 marks to be taken yearly for ever at three terms of the year, and whereof the said William was in seisin, &c., the said abbot of Leicester refuses to render the said yearly rent. Wherefore he says that he is deteriorated and has damage to the value of 401. And therefore he produces suit, &c. And he proffers a certain writing concerning the said rent in this form :— To all, &c., the abbot of Leicester and the convent of the same place, greeting. Know ye that we have received from the abbot and convent of St. Evroult at perpetual farm all the tithes of sheaves of the demesne of the earl of Leicester, at Leicester, after the decease of Ralph Gunfrey, who holds them, to wit, the tithes of the south and west gate, belonging to the house of St. Evroult, for the yearly farm of 2 marks for ever to be paid to the said abbot and convent of St. Evroult at three terms, &c. And also the tithes of sheaves of Braundeston and of Kereby" for the yearly farm of 5^ marks to be paid for ever. Item, the tithes of Thorp Ernald.d For which tithes we shall pay to the said abbot and convent of St. Evroult 60s. of silver for ever, &c. Item, the tithes of sheaves which pertain to the house of St. Evroult in Stokton and Busseby e for the yearly farm of 40s. Item, the tithes of the demesne of Euenton f for the yearly farm of 3| marks to be paid for ever. Item, the tithes of the demesnes of Humbreston, when they shall happen to be void, for the yearly farm of 20s. to be paid for ever, &c. And when it shall happen that we have entry into any of the tithes abovesaid, for every term not observed we will give half a mark in the name of a pain with the principal debt, the appeals and privilege of the court being removed. And if the said abbot and convent of St. Evroult shall make any expenses in litigating for the said money, which God forbid, we will refund 0 1286. ' 29 Sept. 1241. ° Braunstone and Kirby Muxloe. 'Thorpe Arnold, e Stoughton and Bushby. 'Evington. AA Vol. XI. 374 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. the said expenses to the said abbot of St. Evroult when they shall be proved before the archdeacon of Leicester or his official, &c. And we subject ourselves upon all the premises, to be compelled, by the ecclesiastical censure, to the jurisdiction of the archdeacon of Leicester who for the time shall be or of his official, &c. And the said abbot and convent of St. Evroult promised in good faith that neither they nor the prior of Ware, nor any other through them, will impede or procure impediment by which we cannot peacefully possess all the abovesaid tithes. And when it shall happen that the said tithes shall happen to be vacant by the death or by the grant of those who now possess them, the prior of Ware who for the time shall be, shall faithfully interpose bis mediation [partes suas), if it shall be necessary, that we have free entry into the said tithes with our expenses. And if we shall be hindered by others whomsoever whereby we shall not possess the said tithes or any of them, then we will give up the aforesaid tithes concerning which we shall be hindered free to the abbot and convent of St. Evroult, or to their proctor, or will pay the farm belonging to the said tithes without any gainsaying. And when it shall happen that we have all the tithes abovesaid, we will pay for the said tithes and for the tithes of Wykyngeston " 20 marks yearly to the said abbot and convent of St. Evroult at three terms of the year (&c.) And that this our agreement may obtain strength of perpetual firmness the seal of our chapter, together with our seal, is set to the present writing with our common consent. Done in the year of grace 1243. And likewise, whereas the said Alan, the said day and year, granted for himself and his successors to the said abbot of St. Evroult and to his successors one mark yearly to be taken for ever at three terms, whereof the said William, predecessor of the said abbot of St. Evroult, was in seisin (&c.), the said abbot of Leicester has detained the said yearly mark now for 6 years elapsed. Wherefore he says that he is deteriorated and has damage to the value of 100s., and therefore he produces suit. And he proffers a certain writing under the name of the said Alan in these words:— To all, &c., the abbot of Leicester, greeting. Know all of you that we have received at perpetual farm from the abbot and convent of St. Evroult all the tithes to them belonging issuing from the wood in defence of Leicester which the noble man Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, had endowed us with and by his charter, &c., for the yearly farm of one mark of silver to be rendered to the said [abbot and convent] of St. Evroult by us at Leicester, and if we shall wish at any time to assart the said woodj bring it back to cultivation, sell or do anything else therewith, •Wigston. ABSTRACTS FROM THE DE BANCO BOLLS, 00. LEICESTER. 875 they shall receive nothing move from us therefor in respect of the said wood except only the said mark. In [witness] whereof, &o. And the abbot comes and denies force and injury when, &c. And he says that it does not seem to him that he ought to answer here to the said abbot of St. Evroult therein, because the writing which the same abbot of St. Evroult proffers makes it manifestly clear that his action belongs to the ecclesiastical court. He asks for judgment, &c. And the abbot of St. Evroult, by his attorney, says that he does not ask for the tithes, but a certain yearly rent due to him by contract, and the cognisance of such yearly rent directly belongs to the king's court. He asks for judgment, &c. The abbot of Leicester says that the abbot of St. Evroult commenced action thereupon in a court Christian before the arch bishop of Canterbury, concerning which litigation is as yet depending between them before the said archbishop. And he asks for judgment if he ought to answer in this court in respect of the said yearly rent (&c.). Afterwards in five weeks from Easter day in this year came the said abbot of Leicester and the abbot of St. Evroult, by his attorney. And because the cognisance of a plea asking a yearly rent according to the custom of the realm directly belongs to the king's court, and in it such kind of plea ought to be heard, and the abbot of St. Evroult asks for a certain yearly rent due to him by the said contract, it is adjudged that the said abbot of St. Evroult from henceforth recover the said yearly rent against the said abbot of Leicester, and likewise his arrears for the time of this abbot of St. Evroult, which are taxed by the justices at 601. And the abbot of Leicester is in mercy, &c. Afterwards in 15 days from the day of St. Hilary came the said abbot of St. Evroult, by his attorney, and acknowledged that the said abbot of Leicester paid to him 20Z. (The whole of the arrears paid) for the time of the said abbot of St. Evroult. And hereupon comes a certain Simon Fakeman on behalf of Nicholas, now abbot of St. Evroult, and says that 40 marks for the two last years of the said yearly rent of 20 marks, and also 2 marks of the said yearly rent of 13s. 4d. are in arrear to him. And he asks that Richard, now abbot of Leicester, be summoned to be here on the quindene of St. Michael to show if he has or knows anything to say for himself wherefore the arrears aforesaid should 876 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. not be made from his lands and chattels, and rendered to the said Nicholas, now abbot, &c. And now come as well the said abbot of Leicester as the said abbot of St. Evroult by their attorneys. And the abbot of Lei cester asks for a hearing of the writ of scire facias and likewise of the record in respect of which that writ issued. Which having been heard, he says that in that wrrt it is inserted that the now king wills by the writ aforesaid that those things which were rightly done in the court of king Edward, his grandfather, be sent on for execution. And he says that in the said record it is inserted that the (said abbot of St. Evroult demands against the said abbot of Leicester two different yearly rents, and in the judgment ren dered upon the same record, it was adjudged that the said abbot of St. Evroult should recover the said yearly rent: by which judgment it is not expressed nor can it be understood which yearly rent the said abbot of St. Evroult recovered. Wherefore the said abbot of Leicester says that a manifest error has happened in the judgment aforesaid. And he says that he does not think that the justices here will adjudge execution upon the record aforesaid and the judgment so erroneously rendered by virtue .of the writ afore said. Adjourned till the quindene of St. Hilary. At which day as well the abbot'of St. Evroult as the abbot of Leicester came by their attorneys. And the abbot of Leicester is questioned by the court if he wishes to say anything else wherefore the said abbot of St. Evroult ought not to have execution. And the abbot of Leicester says nothing else in this behalf. And because it appears to the court that what the said abbot of Leicester said above ought not to hinder execution in this case— Therefore let the abbot of St. Evroult have execution thereof, &c. And the abbot of Leicester is in mercy, &c. Afterwards, on the octaves of the Purification of the Blessed Mary next ensuing the king sent his writ to John de Stonore, his chief justice, that he send the records and processes aforesaid before him ; and they are sent before him. Arrears 42 marks, whereof to the clerks 2 marks. ABSTRACTS FROM THE DE BANCO BOLLS, CO. LEICESTER. 377 DE BANCO ROLLS, HIL. 15 EDWARD in. (No. 825.) m. 134. [A.D. 1341-42.] PLEAS at Westminster before Roger Hilary8 and his fellows justices of the lord the king, of the bench, of Hilary term 14 Edward in. ending, 15 commencing. QUINDENE OF ST. HlLARY. LEICESTER, 10th day of July in the 14th year. Alan la Zouche of Assheby and William le Bedel were sum moned to answer to Adam de Stretton in a plea wherefore the said Alan and William on Tuesday next after the feast of Holy Trinity, in the 14th year of the king who now is,b at Great Glen, in a place called Lytyeyerd, took two horses of the said Adam, and unjustly detained them against the gage and pledge, until, &c. Wherefore he says that he is deteriorated and has damage to the value of 20 marks, and therefore he produces suit, &c. And Alan and William, by William de Mountsorell, their attorney, come and deny force and injury when, &c. And the same Alan, for himself and for the said William, avow the said taking, and as just, &c. For he says that a certain Peter, son of Reginald, and Ela, his wife, held a moiety of the manor of Great Glen, as in right of the said Ela, of a certain Alan la Zouche, lord of Assheby, as of the manor of Assheby la Zouche, by homage and fealty and to the scutage of the lord the king 40s., when it shall happen, and to more more and to less less, and by suit of court of the said Alan of Assheby from three weeks to three weeks. Of which services the same Alan, lord, &c., was seised by the hands of the said Peter and Ela as by the hands of his true tenants, as in right of the said Ela, &c. Which said Alan, lord, &c., gave the manor aforesaid of Assheby, with the appurtenances, together with other lands and tenements, to a certain William Por, of Swaneseye,0 chaplain, to have and to hold to himself and to his heirs. By virtue of which gift the said Peter and Ela, as in right of the said Ela, attorned to the same William in respect of the • Roger Hillary was chief justice of the common pleas, 8 Jan. 1340-1 to 9 May 1342, and 20 Feb. 1353-4 to his death in June 1357 (Foss, Judges, 347-8). * 13 June 1340. c Rectius Swaueseye, i.e. Swavesey, Cambs. 878 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. services aforesaid. Which said William by fine levied in the court of king Edward i. granted the manor aforesaid, with the appurtenances, together with the lands and tenements aforesaid, to the said Alan, lord, &c., to hold all his life, and after the said Alan's death to remain to William la Zouche, of Rychardescastel,* and to his issue. By virtue of which grant the said Peter and Ela as in right of the said Ela, attorned in respect of the services aforesaid to the said Alan, lord, &c. And from the said William la Zouche the said manor of Assheby, to which the services afore said appertain, descended to this Alan who now, &c. And from the aforesaid Ela the said moiety of the manor of Glen descended to a certain Roger as son and heir, &c. And from the said Roger that moiety descended to the said Henry as son and heir, who now holds that moiety, whereon, &c. And because the homage and fealty of the said Henry were in arrear to him on the day of the taking aforesaid, and also the said suit of court, for two years, he took the said horses for the homage aforesaid in the said place as in parcel of the said moiety of the manor of Glen, and in his fee, as was well lawful for him, &c. And Adam says that the said Alan cannot avow the taking aforesaid as just, &c. For he says that the said place wherein, &c. is outside the said Alan's fee. And he asks that this be enquired by the country. And Alan does likewise. A jury to come on the octaves of Holy Trinity. • Richard'i Castle on the borders of Herefordshire and Shropshire, near Ludlow. ABSTRACTS FROM THE DE BANCO ROLLS, CO. LEICESTER. 379 DE BANCO ROLLS, MIOH. 22, EDWARD in. (No. 356.) m. 254. [A.D. 1348.] PLEAS at Westminster before J. de Stonore3 and his fellows justices of the lord the king, of the bench, of Mich. term, 22 Ed ward in. LEICESTER. Master John de Belegrave, parson of the church of Belegrave,* and Peter de Belegrave, parson of the church of Esthaddon,0 and Roger, his brother, were summoned to answer to the abbot of Sulbyd in a plea wherefore they took a certain pot (ollam) of the said abbot, &c., on Saturday next after the Purification of the Blessed Mary, 19 Edward in.,6 in the vill of Leicester in a certain place called Belegravegate and unjustly detained it against the gage and pledge until, &c. Wherefore he says that he is deteriorated and has damage to the value of 10L And therefore he produces suit, &c. The defendants by their attorney, come and defend' force and injury when, &c. And they well avow the said taking, and justly, &c. For they say that they heretofore gave and granted in free, pure and perpetual alms to the said abbot and his convent and to their successors for ever all the lands and tenements, rents and services and all their appurtenances which the said John and Peter had in the vills of Leicester and Belegrave, and which the said Roger had in the vill of Boresworth,B that is to say, the said John and Peter [gave] jointly one messuage and the fourth part of a tenement in the east suburb of Leicester, and the said John [gave] by himself 11s. 6d. of rent issuing from the lands which Lawrence Crisp held of the same John in the vill of Belegrave ; and the rent of two 'cloves of gillyflower in Belegrave wherein Thomas Symonet was bound to him for the lands and tenements which he held of the same John in the same vill; and the service of Edmund Chifdefer h for the tenement which he held of the said " See note on p. 372 above. bThere is no record of his institution to Belgrave: he died rector before 25 July 1351 (Lincoln Reg. ix., fo. 352). ° East Haddon, Northants. He was instituted 6 Dec. 1342, and vacated the church by 4 June 1350 (Bridges, Hist. Northants. i,, 505.) d The abbot and convent of Sulby were patrons of East Haddon church. The name of the abbot at this date is unknown. e 5 Feb. 1344-5. 'i.e. deny. «Husbands Bosworth " I.e. Chef de fer,\ Ironhead. 380 LEICEfeTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. John in the same vill. And the said Peter by himself gave to the said abbot and convent 12s. of yearly rent in the vill of Belegrave; and the said Roger by himself gave and granted to the said abbot and convent 11 roods of land in the fields of Bores worth and as much pasture as appertains to one bovate of land in the same vill; the licence of the lord the king, by the statute touching lands and tenements not to be put to mortmain, being therefor obtained. To have and to hold to the said abbot and convent and to their suc cessors for ever, doing for them to the chief lords the services therefor due. And the same abbot and convent by their writing indented between the parties aforesaid, granted and assented for themselves and their successors, and by that writing obliged [themselves] that they would cause to be distributed yearly at six terms of the year in the same writing contained or within six days next following each of the said terms by someone in their name 9s. 4d., viz., for each term of five terms 20d., and for the sixth term 12d., and at one mass in every term of those terms the said abbot and convent would offer or cause to be offered in their name Id. Which mass the said master John and Peter and Roger and their heirs would cause to be celebrated by some fit chaplain, for ever, in the church of Belegrave. And if the said master John, Peter and Roger and their heirs should not cause this mass to be celebrated, then, at the same time, the said oblation should be retained, and the distribution aforesaid should be made under such form, namely, on the vigil of Peter and Paul a next to come after the making of the writing aforesaid, and every year following the same term there should be distributed in the church aforesaid to forty poor persons 20ti., viz., to twenty poor persons of Belegrave, ten being of the vill of Thurmaston and ten of the vill of Burstall,b by the said master John, Peter and Roger and their heirs to be chosen of the same poor persons, to each one halfpenny, for the healthful state of the said master John, Peter and Roger whilst they should live, and for their souls after their decease, and for the souls of Roger and Susanna, father and mother of the said master John, Peter and Roger, and for the soul of Lawrence de Belegrave, formerly parson of the church of Esthaddon,c brother of the said master John, Peter and Roger; and if the same master John, Peter and Roger and their heirs should not choose such poor persons in form aforesaid, that it should be lawful for the said abbot and convent by someone in their name, as should seem to be expedient, by the. view of two lawful men of the parish of Belegrave to make the distribution, and on the vigil of St. Peter " 28 June. b South Thurmaston and Birstall were chapelries in the parish of Belgrave e Instituted 13 Nov. 1301 : he was succeeded in 1342 by his brother Peter (Bridges, ut sup.). ABSTRACTS FROM THE DE BANCO ROLLS, CO. LEICESTER. 381 ad Vincula a should cause the like oblation and distribution to be made in the same church of Belegrave every year, as is aforesaid, and should make a like oblation on the feast of the commemora tion of All Souls b in the same church everyyear, and [cause] 12d., to be distributed to 24 poor persons, viz., twelve of the vill of Belegrave, six of the vill of Thurmastou, and six of the vill of Burstall, to be chosen in form aforesaid, viz., to each of them one halfpenny, for the healthful state, &c., and for the souls, &c. And on the 5th day of December, viz., on the vigil of St. Nicholas, should cause the like oblation and distribution to be made as on the vigil of the apostles Peter and Paul above is expressed in the same church for the healthful state, &c., and for the souls, &c.; and on the feast of St. John the Evangelist in the month of December' should cause the like oblation and distribution as on the vigil of the apostles Peter and Paul to be made in the same church every year for the healthful, &c., and for the souls, &c.; and on the 6th day of March, viz., on the vigil of Saints Perpetua and Felicitas, should cause the like oblation and distribution as is aforesaid to be made for the healthful, &c., and for the souls, &c., in form aforesaid. (With a clause of distress in case of non- performance by the abbot and convent.) And they say that they were seised of the said oblation and distribution for the said term of the vigil of the apostles Peter and Paul in the ] 9th year of the reign of the king who now is,d in form aforesaid: and because the said oblation and distribution were in arrear of them for the other terms following before the day of obtaining the writ, for the said oblation and distribution on the vigil of St. Peter ad Vincula then next following, they took the pot aforesaid, in the place aforesaid, as in parcel of the said tene ments, as was well lawful for them. And they proffer here in court the aforesaid writing, &c. And the abbot is not able to gainsay that the said writing is his deed, or that he is bound to make the said oblation and dis tribution as is aforesaid, &c. Therefore it is adjudged that John, Peter and Roger go without a day. And let the abbot take nothing by his writ, but is in mercy, &c. And let the said Master John, Peter and Roger have return of the pot aforesaid, &c. • 31 July. b 2 Nov. "27 Dec. d 28 June 1345. 382 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. DE BANCO ROLLS, MICH. 22 EDWARD in. (No. 356.) m. 188. [A.D. 1348.] PLEAS at Westminster before J. de Stonore* and his fellows justices of the lord the king, of the bench, of Mich. term, 22 Ed ward in. As yet of the quindene of St. Michael. LEICESTER. John Mallore, of Walton, heretofore in the king's court here, was summoned to answer to Henry, late earl of Lancaster, in a plea that he render to him Lucy, daughter and heir of Henry de Somervill, of Cosynton,b whose custody pertains to the said earl because the said Henry de Somorville held his land of him by knight service, &c., and so, the said plea pending between them, the said earl of Lancaster died,6 whereby, by the form of the statute, &c., the sheriff was commanded to summon the said John to be here on the octaves of St. Michael, 21 Edward in.,4 to answer to Henry, now earl of Lancaster, son and heir of the said late earl, in the said plea. Which said John came in his proper person at that day by summons made to him in the said county of Leicester. And wherefore the same earl of Lancaster who now is, by John de Caldon, his attorney, says that the said Henry de Somervill held of the said late earl of Lancaster a nioiety of the manor of Cosynton with the appurtenances, by homage, fealty and 40s. to the king's scutage when it should happen, &c. Of which service the same late earl was seised by the hands of the said Henry de Somervill as by the hands of his true tenant, that is to say, of the said homage and fealty as of fee and right, and of the said scutage in his demesne as of fee and right in the time of peace in the time of the king who now is. and died in the homage of the said late earl. And so the custody of the heir aforesaid pertains to the earl who now is as son and heir, &c., and the said John deforces the said earl who now is of the same custody. Wherefore he says that he is deteriorated and has damage to the value of 1000J. And there fore he produces suit. And John denies force and injury when, &c. And he says that " See note on p. 372 above. b Co sington. "In 1345. '6001.1347. ABSTRACTS FROM THE DE BANCO ROLLS, CO- LEICESTER. 383 a certain Philip de Somervill, lord of Wycbenouere," was seised of the custody of the land and heir of the said Henry de Somervill. Which said Philip by his writing, which he proffered, granted and demised the same custody of the land and heir aforesaid, together with the marriage of the same heir, to the same John; to have until the lawful age of the heir aforesaid, and bound himself and his heirs to warrant, &c. And he calls the said Philip to warrant. Who now comes by Thomas de Holt, his attorney, and freely warrants to him. And the earl demands against him the custody aforesaid in form 'aforesaid, & * Wichnor, Staffs., between Lichfield and Burton-on-Trent. b Stockton, near Southam. c 20 Jan. 1354-5. a Henry, fourth earl of Lancaster, was created duke of Lancaster in 1351. • 7 June 1355. 384 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. DE BANCO ROLLS, EASTER, 26 EDWABD in. m. 148. [A.D. 1352.J PLEAS at Westminster before John de Stonore a and his fellows justices of the bench, of Easter term, 26 Edward in. As yet of the month of Easter.b LEICESTER. Adam Plungun and Alice Sycond, by John de Ayleston their attorney, demand against William Rous and Joan, his wife, and Henry, son of Nicholas de Langar, and Agues, his wife, one mes suage and one bovate of land in Claxton c which John de Folevill, of Claxton, gave to Philip de Whelesburgh in free marriage with Cecily, daughter of the same John, and which after the death of the said Philip and Cecily and of Adam, son and heir of the same Philip and Cecily, and of Robert, son and heir of the same Adam, son of Philip, and of Petronilia and Sarra, sisters of the same Robert, and of William, son of the said Petronilla, ought to descend to the' said Adam Plungun, son of the said Sarra, and to Alice, daughter of the same William, son of Petronilla, and cousins and heirs of the said Robert, by the form of the donation aforesaid, &c. And wherefore they say that the said John gave the said tenements, &c. in the time of king Edward, father of the king who now is, &c. And from the said Philip and Cecily the right descended to a certain Adam as son and heir, and from Adam to Robert as son and heir, and from the said Robert because he died without issue the right descended to Petronilla and Sarra as daughters and heirs, and from the said Petronilla the right of her purparty descended to William as son and heir, &c., and from the said William to this Alice who now demands. And from the said Sarra the right of her purparty descended to this Adam who now demands, &c. And therefore they produce suit, &c. And William and Joan and the others come, &c. And they say that a certain Robert atte Brigge, brother of the said Joan and Agnes, died seised of the said tenements in his demesne as of fee. After whose death the said tenements descended to the said Joan and Agnes and to a certain Matilda as sisters and heirs, &c. Which said Matilda died. After whose death the right of her purparty 1 See note on p. 372 above. b Easter fell on 8 April 1352. " Long Clawson. ABSTBAOTS FROM THE DE BANCO ROLLS, CO. LEICESTER. 385 descended to a certain Robert as son and heir of the same Matilda. And so they say that they hold the tenements aforesaid together undividedly in common with the said Robert. Which said Robert is not named in the writ. And this they are ready to verify. Wherefore they ask for judgment of the writ, &c. And Adam and Alice say that on the day of obtaining their writ, to wit, 10th Nov. 24 Edward m.a the said William and Joan, Henry and Agnes were sole tenants of the said tenements. And they ask that this be inquired by the country. And the said William and Joan, Henry and Agnes do likewise. A jury to come on the octaves of St. Michael. DE BANCO ROLLS, TRINITY, 27 EDWARD in. (No. 374.) m. 193. [A.D. 1353.] PLEAS at Westminster before J. de Stonore b and his fellows justices of the bench, of Trinity term, 27 Edward in. LEICESTER. The prior of Lewes was summoned to answer to the prior of Monks' Kirkeby ° in a plea that he render to him 5 marks which are in arrear to him in respect of a yearly rent of 10 marks which he owes him, &c. And wherefore the same prior of Kirkeby, by Thomas de Holt, his attorney, says that whereas the said prior of Lewes and the convent of the same place by a certain their writing indented sealed with their common seal granted to the said prior of Kirkeby and to the convent of the same place and to their suc cessors for ever the said yearly rent of 10 marks to be taken every year at the feasts of Easter and St. Michael by equal porticjns, &c. the said prior of Lewes, although often requested, has hitherto refused, and as yet refuses, to render the said 5 marks of arrears for Easter term next before the day of the obtaining of the writ, &c. viz., the 28th day of May in the 27th year of the reign of the king who now is, to the said prior of Kirkeby. Wherefore he says that he is deteriorated and has damage to the value of 100J., and there fore he produces suit, &c. And he proffers here in the court the 1 1350. b See note on p. 372 above. ' Monks Kirby, Warwicks., a cell of the Benedictine abbey of Saint-Nicolas at Angers. 386 LEICESTERSHKE AKOHAEOLOOICAL SOCIETY. writing aforesaid which witnesseth the said yearly rent in these words :— This indenture made between the religious men Brother Hugh, prior of the monastery of St. Pancras, of Lewes, of the Cluniac order, in the diocese of Chichester, and the convent of the same place, canonically holding the parish church of Melton Moubray, in the diocese of Lincoln, to their proper uses, and Brother Maurice, prior of the priory or college of Monks Kirkeby, of the order of St. Benedict, in the diocese of Coventry and Lichfield, and the convent of the same place, witnesseth that, whereas lately much matter cf complaint had sprung up between the eaid parties concerning the tithes and the right of taking the great tithes issuing in respect of lands formerly belonging to Sir John de Moubray, and in respect of the demesne lands of the lord of Moubray and the lands of William de Assheby, Robert de Waltham and some others, lands, selions and culture,* lying, situate and made in the fields of the vill of Melton Moubray and several and diverse other places within the bounds and limits of the parish church aforesaid canonically appropriated to the aforesaid prior and convent of Lewes and to their monastery,1" as is aforesaid, and concerning the tithes of the mills of the master of Burton c and of the market and fair of the said vill of Melton Moubray, and also of 3s. which the said prior and convent of Kirkeby were wont to take for the small tithes of a thicket (spinetod)—at length, for the good of peace and quiet and of concord and for the utility and conveni ence of the said monastery and church and of the persons aforesaid, and also on account of avoiding the grave perils which might in like manner threaten by such contention, that every matter of dissension might be cut off between the said parties, and with the assent of the parties aforesaid, it was agreed between the parties aforesaid as follows. That is to say, that the aforesaid prior and convent of Kirkeby granted for themselves and their successors whomsoever that the aforesaid prior and convent of Lewes and their monastery aforesaid shall take entirely, peacefully and quietly to themselves and to their successors for ever in times to come, in the name of their church of Melton aforesaid, ever hereafter, &c., all and all kinds of great tithes, of whatsoever kind of corn issuing from all and singular the demesne lands of Moubray and the other lands aforesaid whatsoever, and also from whatsoever other lands • Cultura. implying a piece of tilled land, has no exact modern English equivalent. The word which renders it most nearly is the old English ' wong.' b The appropriation took place in 1286. The ordination of the vicarage, of which the beginning has been lost, is the first document in the remaining fragment of bishop Oliver Button's institution roll for Leicester archdeaconry. Before that date the advowson of the church was a source of frequent litigation, as the question of the land to which it was appurtenant was doubtful. c The hospital of Burton Lazars. d Eng. ' spinney.' ABSTRACTS PROM THE DE BANCO ROLLS, CO. LEICESTER. 387 and places within the bounds and limits of the parish church afore said or the appointed titheable places thereof, and to the said religious men of Kirkeby and to their monastery by whatsoever title or cause howsoever belonging or appertaining, and the said tithes of the mills of the master of Burton, and the market and fair aforesaid, of the vill of Melton Moubray, and also 3s. which the said prior and convent of Kirkeby were wont to take for the small tithes of the thicket, and all other tithes issuing from what soever other places appointed within the said parish. All which said tithes abovesaid the said prior and convent of Kirkeby had on the day of the making of these presents and hitherto took or were able to take and were in possession of taking from olden time without any withholding. Rendering by reason of the said tithes or for the fruits and issues of the same every year to the said prior and convent of Kirkeby and to their successors for ever 10 marks of a yearly pension, at Monks Kirkeby, co. Warwick, at Easter and Michaelmas by equal portions. For paying which pensions at the day and place aforesaid the said prior and convent of Lewes bind themselves and their successors for ever. (With a clause of dis tress in case of non-payment of the pension.) The prior and convent of Kirkeby also grant for themselves and their successors that if the prior and convent of Lewes shall be hindered by the prior and convent of Kirkeby from taking and enjoying the said tithes, for the time they should so be hindered they shall be dis charged in respect of the pension, unless those tithes, together with their expenses caused for that reason to the prior and convent of Lewes, should afterwards be reallya restored. And the prior and convent of Kirkeby grant, moreover, that if the prior aud convent of Lewes and their successors pay 6 marks of the said 10 marks yearly at the terms and place aforesaid or within a month thence following each term they shall be discharged of the residue of the said 10 marks of the yearly pension aforesaid, not withstanding the grant abovesaid of the said 10 marks. And if the prior and convent of Lewes or their successors shall be deficient in the payment of the yearly pension of 6 marks at any term abovesaid or for one month after, they grant that from that time the said yearly pension of 10 marks for that year in which they shall so be deficient, viz., for each term so unpaid as is aforesaid five marks of the said pension of 10 marks shall be levied from the same prior and convent of Lewes and their successors and from their lands aforesaid, as above is contained. In witness whereof the parties aforesaid have alternately set their common seals to these presents. Dated the 1st day of March in the 27th year of the reign of King Edward m.b " Realiter, i.e, in all essential respects. * 1352-3. 388 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. And the said prior of Lewes, by Walter de Wernham, his attorney, comes. And he is not able to gainsay that the said writing is his deed and [that] of his convent, and he expressly acknowledges it, nor that he by virtue of the same writing is bound to the said prior of Kirkeby in the said yearly rent of 10 marks as above is alleged. Therefore it is adjudged that the said prior of Kirkeby should recover against him the yearly rent aforesaid and the arrears aforesaid and his damages, which are taxed by the justices at 20s. And the prior of Lewes is not amerced because he came on the first day by the summoner, &c. And hereupon the prior of Kirkeby freely remits the said damages. DE BANCO ROLLS, MICH. 29, EDWARD in. (No. 888.) m. 42. [A.D. 1355.] PLEAS at Westminster before Roger Hilary* and his fellows justices of the bench, of Mich. term 29 Edward in. LEICESTER. Richard de Scrop, chivaler,b was summoned to answer to the lord the king in a plea that he permit him to present a fit parson to the church of Medburn, which is void,0 and belongs to his donation. And wherefore John de Gaunt, who sues for the lord the king, says that a certain Peter de Thedyngworth, formerly abbot of Osolveston,d which is an abbey of the foundation of the progenitors of the king who now is,e was seised of the advowson of the church aforesaid as of fee and in right of his church of St. Andrew of Osolveston in the time of king Henry [ill.] great grand father of the king who now is, and that advowson he held of the a See note on p. 377 above. b Richard le Scrope (c. 1328-1403), youngest son of Sir Henry le Scrope, who succeeded to his father's inheritance c. 1345, after the death of his elder brothers. He was summoned to the house- of peers in 1370-1, as first lord Scrope of Bolton. He was treasurer of England 1371-5. and chan cellor 1378-9 and 1381-2, See Foss, Judges 607-4 ; his will is printed Test. Ebor (Surt, Soc.) I-, 272 8. "The cause of voidance is not stated in the episcopal register. d Probably Peter, elected in 1241 (Gal. Pat. 1232-47, p. 256). He is called Peter of Leicester, ibid. p.2$g. c The actual founder was Robert Grimbald, before 1167. The patronage passed early into the hands of the Crown. ABSTRACTS FROM THE DE BANCO BOLLS, CO. LEICESTER. 889 said king Henry in pure and perpetual alms as parcel of the foundation of the abhey aforesaid of the collation of the same king Henry's progenitors, formerly kings of England, and to that church he presented a certain Kemigius de Pokelington, his clerk, who was admitted and instituted in the time of the same king Henry.3 After whose death the church aforesaid was void, the temporalities of the abbey aforesaid being in the hand of the same king Henry after the death of a certain William de Flamstede, late abbot of Osolveston, successor of the said Peter.b At which time a certain John de Kirkeby0 usurped on the right of the said king Henry, and as usurper presented to the same church a certain Geoffrey de Neubold, his clerk, who at his presentation was admitted, &c., in the time of the same king Henry.4 After whose resignation, the temporalities of the abbey aforesaid being in the hand of the lord Edward [i.] late king of England, grandfather of the king who now is, by the cession of a certain Ivo, late abbot of Osolveston,* successor of the said William, the said John de Kirkeby again, by usurping on the right of the said king, the grandfather, presented to the same church a certain Adam de Norffolk, his clerk, who at his presentation was admitted, &c., in the time of the same king, the grandfather, &c.* In the time of which king a certain Richard, formerly abbot of Osolveston,g successor of the said Ivo and pre decessor of the abbot who now is,h granted and released to a certain William de Kirkeby, brother and heir of the said John de Kirkeby, the advowson of the church aforesaid, after the statute/ the said king's licence concerning this not being obtained ; whereby the right of the same advowson accrued to the said king, the grandfather ; and from the said king, the grandfather, the right, &c., descended to king Edward, late king, as son and hair, &c., and from the said Edward, &c., to the said king who now is as son and heir, &c. And for that reason it appertains to the said king to present to the church aforesaid, and the said Richard unjustly hindered him, to the damage of the said king of 1000Z. And this he offers to verify for the said lord the king, &c. And Richard, by Walter de Askham, his attorney, comes and denies force and injury when, &c. And protesting that he does " 6 April 1237 (Rot. Grossetestc, [Cant. andYork Soc .] 393. 395. Peter was not abbot at this time : the abbot was Richard Watlington, formerly precentor of Oseney, elected in 1236 (Cal. Pat. Rolls 1232-47, p. 151). 'Elected on the death of Peter, and confirmed 17 Nov. 1264 (Rot. Gravesend, [Cant. andYork Soc.], 144). c Treasurer of England 1284-90; bishop of Ely 1286-90. "^Aug. 1268 (Rot. Gravesend ut sup. 148). ' Ivo was elected abbot on the death of William Flamested and confirmed 29 April 1268 (Rot. Gravesend, ut sup. 148), He resigned before i June 1280 (Cal. Pat, Rolls 1272-81, p. 374). 'No record of this institution survives, as the roll for this year is missing. « Richard Bokesworth, elected November 1298, on the death of Ernald (Cal. Pat. Rolls 1292- 1301, p. 372). " William Cottesmore had been elected abbot in March 1354-5, on the death of John Kibbeworth (Cal. Pat. Rolls 1354-8, pp. 193, 201). ' I.e. the statute of Mortmain, 1279. 390 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. not acknowledge that the abbey aforesaid is of the foundation of the progenitors of the king who now is, nor that the advowson of the church is held of the king's progenitors, nor that the said Peter de Thedyngworth presented to the church nor was seised of the advowson, nor that the said John de Kirkeby usurped, nor that a grant or quit-claim was made by any abbot of the place aforesaid, he says that the said king Henry [ill.] was seised of 47s. 9d. of rent with the appurtenances in Medburn, in his de mesne as of fee and right, to which rent the advowson of the church aforesaid then pertained, and [was] also [seised] of that advowson as of fee and right. After which time the said Richard, then abbot, nor any of his successors ever had anything in the advowson aforesaid. Which said king Henry [m.] gave and granted that rent, with the appurtenances, to a certain William Chaundeler, his servant (serrienti). To hold to himself, his heirs and assigns for ever, of the said king and his heirs by the service of 6d. yearly. Which said William was seised of the same rent and gave and granted the same rent, with the appurtenances, and the advowson aforesaid appertaining to the same rent to the said John de Kirkeby, to hold to himself and to his heirs lor ever. And afterwards the same king Henry by his charter recited his gift aforesaid formerly made to the said William Chaundeler and also the gift made by the said William to the said John de Kirkeby of the said rent arid of the advowson aforesaid, ratified and con firmed the estate of the said John in respect of the rent and advowson aforesaid to the same John and to his heirs, and granted that the same John and his heirs should hold the rent aforesaid and the advowson aforesaid as pertaining to the rent aforesaid, of the said king and his heirs by the service of the 20th part of a knight's fee, for ever, notwithstanding that in his charter made to the said William Chaundeler, there was not special mention made of the advowson aforesaid. Which said John presented Geoffrey de Neulaud to the said church, who was that same person above in the king's demonstration called Geoffrey de Neubold, who was admitted, &c. By whose death the church aforesaid was void. Wherefore the same John de Kirkeby presented Robert Sampson, his clerk, who was admitted, &c., in the time of the same king Henry." And afterwards John de Kirkeby died without heir of himself, wherefore the rent and advowson descended to a certain William de Kirkeby as brother and heir, &c. Which said William was under age,b whereby the rent and advowson, amongst other things, were seized into the hand of the said king Edward the • This institution is not recorded and probably never took place. h In the inquisition taken after the death of John de Kirkeby, the age of his brother and heir William is variously stated to be 25 and 30 years, so the alleged minority of William de Kirkeby may be a mis-statement of fact. ABSTRACTS FROM THE DE BANCO BOLLS, CO. LEICESTER. 391 grandfather, &o. A.nd afterwards, that church being void during the minority of the said William, the same king Edward as, guardian of the said heir, presented to the same church a certain Robert le Venour, his clerk, who was admitted, &c." Which said William when he arrived at full age sued the *ent and advowson and the residue of his inheritance from the hand of the said king Edward, and died thereof seised without heir of himself, wherefore the rent and advowson and the other lauds and tenements descended to certain Alice, sister and one of the heirs of the said William,b and to Robert Gi'ymbaud, cousin and the other heir of the same William. Which said coheirs made partition of their inheritance .aforesaid between them, so that 9s. 3d. of rent of the said rent and the advowson aforesaid——— [The record ends here.] c DE BANCO ROLLS, EASTER, 30 EDWARD in. (No. 386), m. 173. [A.D. 1356.] PLEAS at Westminster before R. de Wylughby* and his fellows justices of the bench, of Easter term, 30 Edward in. LEICESTER. 10th Feb. in the 30th year. The Prior of Laund (Landa) in the diocese of Lincoln, was summoned to answer to Henry Baily, of Spondon, chaplain, • Instituted 25 Nov. t302. The church had been vacant for some time, and had previously been commended to John Osevyle. archdeacon of Ely (Lincoln Reg. ii., fol. igSd). b William's inheritance was divided between his four sisiers, Alice, wife of Peter Prilly, Mabel, wife of William Grimbaud, Margaret, wife of Walter Osevile, and Maud, wife of Gilbert Houby, He died in 1:502. Ing. p.m. William de Kirkeby, 17 Sep. 30 Edward i. c It looks as though the clerk had forgotten to enter up the rest, as it comes very close to the next entry. No presentations or institutions are mentioned in this suit after 1302. Lincoln Reg. iv. however, gives the following:—(i) 1297-8, 4 Jan. Peter Medbourn, rector of Church Lawford, Warwicks, by exchange with Robert Venour (fo. 123 and d). (2) 1330, 7 May. Ralph Malton, priest, rector of Great Stoughton, Hunts, pres. by Sir Henry le Scrop. knight, by exchange with Peter Medbourne (fo. 129). (3). 1330 z Nov John Eston priest, pres. bv Sir Henry le Scrop, kmght, on death of John (sic) (fo. 134 d). (4) 1333. 3' Dec Geoffrey B >lton, priest, pres. by Sir Henry le Scrop, knight, on res. of John Eston (fo. 139) (5) i33 + _ 15 Sept. William le Scrop, clerk, pres. by Sir Henry le Scrop. knight, on death ot Geoffrey Welton (sic) fo. i*r d . William le Scrope was still rector in 13-2 (Cnl. Put. Rdl* 1350-1 P * 9) uTe probably died in 1354. The result of the present suit is sho vn bv Ke< ix . 10.36.1, where the institution of William de Burfjh is recorded, 27 Oct. i $55 on >.n<- pre sentation of the Crown, which had recovered the presenUtion agai:i *i Ki • ,:uM le Scrop. His letters of presentation bear date 26 July (Cai. P.I'. »'«« i 5<-t ' :?"> •"See Foss, Judge* 7478. Roger Hillary appears to have bee -t ; c .u:i justice at this date. 392 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. warden of the chantry at the altar of the blessed Mary in the chapel of Clmddesdene, and to William de Abketelby and Richard de la Hay, of Newton (de novo Burgo), chaplains of the same chantry," in a plea that he render to them ]OOs. which are in arrear to them of a yearly rent of 10L which he owes them. And wherefore the same Henry, William and Richard, by their attorney, complain that wliore;is the said prior and the convent of the same place by their writing on Monday next after the feast of St. James the apostle, 29 Edward m.b in the chapter of the priory aforesaid, granted to the said warden, William and Richard the said yearly rent of lOt. to be taken yearly to the same warden, William and Richard and to their successors chaplains of the chantry aforesaid from the priory aforesaid, and also from all their manors and lauds and tenements in the vills of Lodyngton, Tilton, Frisby, \Velham and Norton at the feasts of the Purification of the blessed Mary and St. Peter ad vincula by equal portions, for ever—of which said yearly rent the same warden, William and Richard were seised until the feast of the Purification next before the day of the obtaining of the writ, viz., the 10th day of February last past, that the said prior withdrew from them and refused and as yet refuses to render the said 100s. Wherefore they say that they are deteriorated and have damage to the value of 16s. And there fore they produce suit, &c. And they proffer here the said writing under the name of the said prior and convent which witnesssth the premises in these words :— To all the sons of Holy Mother Church present and to come, John de Withryngton, prior of Launde,c and the convent of the same place, in the diocese of Lincoln, greeting in the Lord ever lasting. Know all of you, that whereas by the death of our tenants in the time of the general pestilence lately happening, and also the vehement impoverishment of our manors, and also on account of very many other misfortunes, the issues of our priory have endured much diminution, which for the greater part are debts incumbent on us, necessary and accustomed nevertheless, so are we weighed down with the heavy charge of debts, and prostrated with so great want that we will not be able to satisfy the said debts and to undergo our aforesaid want by the sale of the movable goods of our house nor suitably in any other manner. Unwilling therefore to alienate the movable goods of our house if we should be able to provide ourselves with a lighter and more useful remedy in any other way, but rather wishing to impose on ourselves and "The first warden and two priests of the chantry, instituted in 1356. See Cox, Chli. of Dcibyshire HI.. 307, who gives their names as Henry de Bayly William Kettleby, and Richard de LaUey (sic) de Novoburgh. Kettleby succeeded Bayly as warden in 1377. >> 27 July 1355. « Appointed prior, May 1354 ; resigned i Dec. 1366 (Lincoln Reg ix. fo. 359 ; x, fo. 2376). ABSTRACTS FROM THE DE BANCO ROLLS, CO. LEICESTER. 393 our house a yearly and perpetual charge, and the more commo- diously tolerable, that in times to come they may be thus divided into small lots, we have had conversation and treaty with the reverend men Master Nicholas de Chaddesden, clerk," Sir Geoffrey de Chaddesden, rector of the church of Long Whatton,b and Sir Henry de Landa, chaplain, executors of the will of Master Henry de Chaddesden, of good memory and our benefactor, late arch deacon of Leicester," more fully and abundantly to endow a certain perpetual chantry of three chaplains at Chaddesden being actually ordained by the same executors according to the will of the said deceased with a certain yearly rent of 101. to be bought from us and to be paid for ever to the said executors by us and our executors from our priory aforesaid and our manors, lands and tenements below written for the said chaplains, at Chaddesden, according to the form and manner below written, at the same time, nevertheless, full security should be made therefor, at their will, by us finally procuring 400 marks. We have had full de liberation and diligent and solemn treaty together and in common which in such perpetual grants is expedient, concerning the premises, and at length thereupon considering that the urgent necessity of oar house could in that manner be more fully relieved, and also that evident utility would be effectually procured for the same our house, without doubt, for the future by the said contract, and also that the alienation of the movable goods of our house, otherwise necessary, be so avoided, with the licence of our lord the king and with the authority of the lord bishop of Lincoln, and with the consent of all others whose consent it was necessary to have, being had, as in the charters and letters thereof made more fully is contained, with all the solemnity which by law and custom in this behalf is required, the vote of the said executors concurring and assenting, we have harmoniously thought fit to assent to the offer to us as is aforesaid with the unanimous consent and equal will of all of us as to things fitting, and we do entirely convert the 400 marks to the utility of our house, for freeing as well us and our house from debt, as also suitably repairing our * Nicholas Chaddesden was at this time rector of the portion of Attegrene in Waddesdon, Bucks, to which he was instituted 27 April, 1354 ; he resigned it before Aug. 1361, but the date is not known. (Lincoln Reg, ix. ff. 3010!, 319.) Lambeth Reg. Langham shows that he was rector of Long Whatton in 1366, but of this there is no record at Lincoln. b Brother of Nicholas. Institutions to the church of Long Whatton are deficient from 1338 to 1398. c Archdeacon of Leicester 1346-7—1354 (Le Neve, Fasti n. 60). A certificate of his pluralities Lincoln diocese, returned long after his death, shows that in Disc. 1346 he ex changed the archdeaconry of Stow for St. Martin's prebend in -Lincoln and the portion called Attegrene in Waddesdon, Bucks (Chancery Misc., bdle 19. no. 4). In April 1354, shortly before his death, he resigned his portion in Waddesdon, in which he was succeded by his cousin, Nicholas Chaddesden. He was preben dary of Willesden in St. Paul's, 1350-4 (Hennessy, Nov. Rep. 56) and, also 1350-4 of Sandiacre in Lichfield. The story of the foundation of the chantry is told by Cox, op. cit. in. 304-5. 394 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. manors and abundantly stocking them, and also for supporting the necessary charges incumbent upon us, and for augmenting many times for ever the learned men of our house, acknowledging good faith; and for the information of our successors we confess all these things expressly that therefore the premises may be more firmly strengthened and sufficient security may be complied with for payment of the said yearly rent of 10L, as is quit. We the prior and convent aforesaid for us and our successors do give and grant to Sir Heniy Bailly, of Spondon, warden of the perpetual chantry for the healthful state of our Jord the king whilst he shall live and for his soul when he shall die, and for the soul of the said Master Henry and the souls of his ancestors and of all the faithful deceased founded in the chapel of Chaddesden at the altar of the blessed virgin Mary by the said executors, and to Sirs William de Ketilby and Richard de le Hay, of Newton, his fellow chaplains of the same chantry ordained by the same executors, presented or preferrfid to the same, and to the successors of the said Henry, the warden, William and Richard, their fellows, secular and perpetual chaplains of the same chantry, to be presented, ordained or appointed by the same executors, as long as they shall live, and by every of them who shall live the longest, and after their decease by the religious men the abbots of Derley and Dale (Dala), in the diocese of Lichfield, and also in their default by the archdeacon of Derby or his official, and in their default by the bishop of Lichfield and the chapter of the cathedral church of Lichfield and others according to the ordination of the said executors, and celebrating for the state and souls aforesaid in the said chapel of Chaddesden at the altar aforesaid of the blessed Mary for ever, as is aforesaid, a certain yearly rent of 10Z. to be taken from our priory of Laund aforesaid, and also from all our manors, lands and tenements in the vills of Lodyngton, Tiltou, Friseby, Welham and Norton, to be paid to the same Henry, the warden of the said chantry, and to William and Richard, his fellow chaplains aforesaid, and to all their successors in the same, as is aforesaid, every year for ever at olir costs, at Chaddesden, at two terms of the year, viz., at the feasts of the Purification and of St. Peter ad vincula by equal portions, the said Henry, William and Richard having and taking the said yearly rent of lOi. for the stipends and maintenance of the said warden and his fellow chaplains and for all other their charges and [the charges^ howsoever incumbent on the chantry aforesaid according to the ordinance of the said executors therein made and to be made, of us and our successors aforesaid, and also from our priory and all our manors, lands and tenements in the vills aforesaid, for ever, at the terms abovesaid. And, nevertheless, for greater security in this behalf for payment of the said yearly rent (&c.) we bind ourselves and our successors and our priory ABSTRACTS FROM THE DE BANCO ROLLS, CO. LEICESTER. 395 aforesaid for ever by these presents, and also all our manors, lands and tenements in the vills of Lodyngton, Tilton, Fryseby, Welham and Norton abovesaid. We also grant for us and our successors for ever that it shall be well lawful for the said Henry, the warden, and William and Richard, his fellow chaplains, and all their suc- ces'sors in the same chantry, as is aforesaid, to distrain in all our manors, &c. aforesaid, the church, dormitory, refectory, infirmary, the prior's chamber and the kitchen of our said priory altogether excepted, as often as and whensoever the said yearly rent of 101. in whole or in part shall be in arrear at any of the said terms (&c.). We also will and grant that if payment of the said yearly rent of 101. or any part of the same cease at any of the same terms by our fault or the fault of our successors in future, which God forbid, then we and our successors are bound to pay 5 marks to the king and 5 marks to the said Henry, William and Richard and to their successors chaplains in the same chantry by waj of debt, the obligation [for payment] of the said yearly rent of 101. remaining in its strength. Moreover we will and grant by these presents for us and our successors for ever that as often as and whensoever the said yearly rent of 101. or any part thereof shall remain unpaid in any of the terms aforesaid, then it shall be lawful for the president of the court of Canterbury whomsoever, and also for the bishop of Lincoln, the see being full, and the see of Lincoln being vacant, for the archbishop of Canterbury and the chapter of Lincoln (&c.) to proceed against us and our successors and our church aforesaid for non-payment (&c.). And that the premises may hold the strength of firmness we the said prior and convent have set our common seal to one part of these letters indented, for ever to remain in the possession of the said Henry, the warden, and William and Richard and their successors. And the said Henry, William and Richard have set their seals to the other part re maining in our possession. These being witnesses: Master Robert de Shuttelesworth, rector of the church of Desford ;" John Cook, of Leicester ; William de Rothele, of Sythuston ; Nicholas de Wythcoke; John Clerk, of Lodyngton; John Lewys, of the same : Walter, son of William de Norton ; and others. Dated in our chapter house of Laund aforesaid on Monday next after the feast of St. James the apostle, 29 Edward m.b And the prior comes and denies force and injury when, &c. And he well acknowledges that the said writing is bis deed and that of his convent, and that he is bound to the said warden and chaplains in the said yearly rent as they have above narrated against him. Therefore it is adjudged that the same warden and chaplains should recover against him the said yearlj' rent and the • Instituted 22 Oct. 1349 ; next institution 3 Jan. 1377-8 (Lincoln Reg. ix., fo. 346. x,. fo. 268d.) " 27 July 1355. 396 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. arrears aforesaid and their damages, which are taxed by the justices at 20«. The prior is not amerced because he came on the first day, &c. And hereupon the warden and chaplains freely remit the damages, &c. DE BANCO ROLLS, MICH. 37 EDWARD in. (No. 416.) m. 457. [A.D. 1363.1 PLEAS at Westminster before Robert de Thorp a and his fellows justices of the bench, of Mich. term, 37 Edward in. LEICESTER. William de Wodeford is in mercy for many defaults, &c. The same William was summoned to answer to Laurence Hauberk in a plea that he render to him a certain writing obliga tory which he unjustly detained from him, &c. In which said writing it is contained that certain Geoffrey de FolleTill and Master Henry de Folevill, brother of the said Geoffrey, are bound to the said Laurence in 300i., &c. And wherefore the same Laurence, by his attorney, says that whereas he on Friday next after the octaves of St. Hilary in the 35th year of the reign of the king who now is,* at Melton Moubray, delivered to the said William the writing aforesaid safely to be kept and to be delivered again to him at the feast of the Assumption of the blessed Mary next following,0 the said William, although often requested, has not yet delivered that writing again to the said Laurence, and as yet detains it. Wherefore he says that he is deteriorated and has damage to the value of 300J., and therefore he produces suit, &c. And William, by Robert de Deryng, his attorney, comes and denies force and injury when, &c. And he says that the writing was delivered to him by the said Laurence and the said Geoffrey and master Henry to be safely kept, under the conditions which follow, viz., that if Ralph de Secchevill, parson of the church of Twyford,d Thomas de Gra, parson of the church of Assheby Follevill,8 Laurence Hauberk, of Grymeston, John de Frisseby, and John Veysy, chaplain, should be hindered by the said Geoffrey or any other in his name so that they could not enter into the manor of Ty,* with the appurtenances, in the county of Rutland. • Chief justice of the common pleas 27 June 1356 ; chancellor of England 26 March 1371 ; died 29 June 1372 (Foss, Judges, 65^-7). & 24 Jan. 1359-60. " 15 Aug. 1360. « Instituted 18 Oct. 1334 ; died rector before 13 May 1369 (Lincoln Reg, iv., fo. I4od ; x., fo, 244d). • This was Thomas Gaddesby, who exchanged the church of Walton-le-Wolds for Ashby Folville n June 1354 and died rector of Ashby by g Jan. J373-4 (Lincoln Reg. ix., fo. 360- x. fo z6od) 1 Teigh. '' ABSTRACTS FROM THE DE BANCO ROLLS, CO. LEICESTER. 397 when it should please them, and peacefully hold that manor to themselves and to their heirs for ever, saving to the same Geoffrey and [sic] the reversion of all the tenants of the same manor in fee or for term of life who have not attorned in respect of their services to the same Thomas, Laurence Hauberk of Grymeston, John and John during the life of John de Follevill, chivaler, and likewise if the said Geoffrey by warning of eight days, if the said Geoffrey at the time of that warning should be in good health and fit to work, or if at the time of the warning he should be hindered by any disease that he could not then work, then at another time when he should be fit to work, by warning of eight days, as is aforesaid, he should be ready to make to the said Ralph, Thomas, Laurence Hauberk of Grymeston, John de Frisseby and John Veysy, four, three or two of them, or to others whom the abbot of Oseleston a should assign therefor, an estate by fine and by deed of a moiety of the manors of Wath, Hummanby and Langeton on Swale,b with the appurtenances as fully and securely as snould be ordained by the said Ralph, Thomas, Laurence Hauberk of Grymeston, John de Frisseby and John Veysy and the abbot or by [ d?°fyfd ] of them. To have to them and to their heirs for ever. And also if the same Geoffrey should cause them to have, before the said feast of the Assumption, a certain writing of demise and quit-claim made to the same Geoffrey of the said manor of Ty by all those who had any estate in the same manor in any manner by the said Geoffrey, then at the said feast of the Assumption the said writing obligatory should be delivered again to the said Geoffrey and Henry and should be of no force or virtue. And if the same Geoffrey should be lacking in any of the conditions aforesaid that writing ought to be delivered to thevsame Laurence Hauberk in its force and virtue. Bnt whether the conditions aforesaid are held and fulfilled or not, he says that he is altogether ignorant. And he asks that the said Geoffrey and master Henry may be warned, &c. Therefore the sheriff is commanded to warn the said Geoffrey and master Heury to be here on the quindene of St. Hilary 0 to show whether he has or knows anything to say wherefore the writing aforesaid should not be rendered to the said Laurence Hauberk if, &c. The same day is given to the parties aforesaid by their attorney here, &c. (m. 437d.) William de Wodeford in mercy for many defaults, &c. The same William was summoned to answer to John Hauberk, knight, and Laurence Hauberk, of Grymeston, in a plea that the 1 Owston. b Langton-on-Swale is in north Yorkshire, between Catterick and Northallerton. Wath is Wath, N.R., near Ripon. Hummanby is apparently Hunmanby, E.R., near Bridlington. « 27 Jan. 1363-4. 398 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. same William render to them-a certain writing obligatory which1 he unjustly detains from them, &c. In which said writing it is contained that the same John and Laurence are bound to the said Geoffrey de Follevill in 300i. &c. And wherefore the same John and Laurence, by their attorney, say that whereas they, on Friday next after the feast of St. Hilary in the 35th year of the reign of the king who now is, at Melton Moubray, delivered to the said William the writing aforesaid to be safely- kept, and to be rendered to the same John and Laurence at the feast of Easter then next following, the said William, although often requested, has not yet delivered the writing aforesaid to ,the same John and Laurence again, but has hitherto refused to deliver it again to them and as yet detains it from them. Wherefore they say that they are deteriorated and have damage to the value of 3001. And therefore they produce suit, &c. And the said William comes by Robert Deryug, his attorney, and denies force an'd injury when, &c. And he says that the writing aforesaid was delivered to him by the said John and Laurence and the said Geoffrey safely to be kept uuder the con ditions following, viz., that if Ralph de Secchevill, parson of the church of Twyford, Thomas Gaddesby, parson of the church of Assheby Follevill,* Laurence Hauberk, of Claxton,b John de Frisseby, and John Veysy, chaplain, four, three, two or one of them having as full estate in the manor of Ty, co. Rutland, as- they had of the gift and feoffment of John de Follevill, knight, should grant and demise before the said feast of Easter to Mar garet, who was the wife of Christopher de Follevill, chivaler, all the life of the said Margaret, the said manor of Ty, saving" the reversion of the same manor to themselves and to their heirs after the death of the said Margaret, and that after that demise made in form aforesaid the same Ralph, Thomas, Laurence, John and John, four, three, two or one of them, as is aforesaid, should grant to the said Geoffrey de Follevill and his heirs the reversion of the same manor after the decease of the same Margaret, and likewise should demise, release and quit-claim to the same Geoffrey and to his heirs all their right and claim which they had or in any manner could fall to them in all the lands and tenements which were lately given and granted to them by the said John de Follevill in the vill of Assheby Follevill, saving always and reserved to the said John Veysy sufficient security for a certain yearly rent of 80s. lately granted to be taken to the same John Veysy for the term of his life from those tenements ; and moreover they should remit and release to the said Geoffrey and to all others who stood with him in the said manor of Ty after the death of the said John de • See note on p. 396 above, b Long Clawson. ABSTRACTS FROM THE DE BANCO ROLLS, CO. LEICESTER. 399 Follevill all manner of trespasses to them in any manner there done by the said Geoffrey or other •whomsoever adhering to him or being with in the same manor, then the said writing obligatory should be delivered again at the said feast of Easter to the said John Hauberk and Laurence Hauberk, of Grymeston, and from thenceforth should be of no force or effect. And if the said Ralph, Thomas, Laurence Hauberk, of Claiton, John de Frisseby and John Veysy should be lacking in the condition abovesaid or in any of them, then the writing aforesaid ought to be delivered at the said feast of Easter to the said Geoffrey iu its force and virtue to remain. And he proffers here in the court the said writing, and he says that he is ready to render it to whom the court shall adjudge. Eut whether the conditions aforesaid have beeii held and fulfilled, or not, he is altogether ignorant. And he asks that the aforesaid Geoffrey be warned, &c. Therefore the -sheriff is commanded to cause the said Geoffrey to be warned to be here on the quindene of St. Hillary to show whether he has or knows anything to say wherefore the writing aforesaid should not be delivered to the said John Hauberk and Laurence Hauberk, of Grymeston, if, &c. The same day is given to the parties afore said here, &c. NOTE.—William de Wodeford, of Brentingby, died on 22 July, 1369 leaving a son and heir John, born IT Nov., 1358. John de Wodeford married Mabel, daughter and heir of Geoffrey, brother and heir of Sir John Folville, knight, of Ashby Folville. Sir John Folville died before Hilary Term, 1363, leaving no legitimate issue. He had married Joan, elder sister and coheir of Robert Marmion, hence the connection between the Folville family and the manors of Wath and Langton, co, York, of which manors John Marmion of Tanneld, grand father of the said Joan, died seised in 15 Edward n. Geoffrey Folville, died in 1369. Nichols, in his history vol. in, p. 22, gives a scurrilous version of the means adopted by Margaret, wife of Christopher, younger brother of Geoffrey Folville, to obtain, for herself and her issue, the manor of Teigh, co. Rutland, and to defraud the rightful heirs. The compiler of the Wodeford Chartulary, whence this version is drawn, is by no means accurate in all his statements; so Margaret may not have been as bad as he represents her. Whether that is so or not, Margaret, after Christopher Folville's death married Lawrence Hauberk and after his death Sir John Calveley, Knight. The pedigree of the Folvillas printed by Nichols is incorrect in several instances. TRANSACTIONS OF THE LEI6ESTERSHIRE flrchacoloaicdl Socictp. VOL. XI.-PARTS VII. & VIII. LEICESTER: SATCHELL AND SON, 5, GALLOWTREE GATE. 1919—20. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE List of Members, 1913—4, and Rules ...... i Reports, etc., 1913 ...... 10 Ditto 1914 ...... 39 Ditto 1915 ...... 62 Summer Excursion, 1913 (with nine illustrations from photographs by Mr. C. F. Oliver and Mr. S. Russell.) ...... 72 The Annual Excursion, 1914 (with ten illustrations from photographs by Mr. S. Russell.) ...... 81 Newhouse Grange, Sheepy, Leicestershire, by T. H. Fosbrooke, F.S.A. (with plan, measured drawings, and two illustrations) .. 85 A Short Description of the Building Accounts of Kirby Muxloe Castle, Leicestershire, by T. H. Fosbrooke, F.S.A. (with photographic reproduction.) ...... 87 The Monasteries of Leicestershire in the Fifteenth Century, by A. Hamilton Thompson, M.A., F.S.A, ...... 89 Kirby Muxloe Castle (with four illustrations from photographs by Mrs. F. Hewitt and a drawing by Mr. J. Langham) .. .. 109 The Token Coinage of Leicestershire and Rutland in the xvn. Century, by Joseph Young (with a plate of illustrations) .. .. 117 Catalogue of the Library, 1916 ...... 135 Notes upon Buildings visited at the Annual Excursion, 1915 (with fourteen illustrations from photographs by Dr. R. C. Stewart) 157 Notes upon Buildings visited at the Annual Excursion, 1916 (with fifteen illustrations from photographs by Dr. R. C. Stewart, and a drawing) ...... 167 The Building Accounts of Kirby Muxloe Castle, 1480—1484, edited, with an introduction and notes, by A. Hamilton Thompson, M.A., F.S.A...... 193 The Pipe Roll for Leicestershire for the first year of King John (1199—1200) ...... 346 Selected Pleas from the De Banco Rolls, 1338—1363 .. .. 372 In Memoriam: Samuel Perkins Pick, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. (withportrait) 401 The manors of Allexton, Appleby, and Ashby Folville, by George Farnham, M.A., F.S.A., and A. Hamilton Thompson, M.A., F.S.A...... 407 I. Allexton ...... 408 II. Appleby ...... 428 III. Ashby Folville ...... 453 [PHOTO : RAMSDEN, LEICESTER."] 3n flDemoriam. SAMUEL F»ERKINS PICK, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. In Mr. Samuel Perkins Pick, who died on 23 May 1919, our Society has lost a member who devoted much attention to its service and to the work of enlarging its influence in directions where its activity might be beneficial. Mr. Pick, born at Kettering, where his father was a veterinary surgeon, in 1859, and educated at Kib- worth Grammar School, passed the greater part.' of his life in Leicester; and, although he earned in his profession a reputation which extended far beyond the town and its neighbourhood, it was in the Leicester district that the greater part of his work was done, while it is with the promotion of architecture and of artistic edu cation in Leicester that his name will be most closely associated. In 1888 he entered into partnership as an architect with Mr. J. B. Everard, on whose retirement he became the head of the firm of Pick, Everard and Eeay. As is well known, the special work of this firm has been connected with public undertakings. Among several contracts of the same kind, it has been responsible for the Leicester portion of the scheme by which the Derwent valley has been utilised for waterworks, including the construction of drainage works and bridges. In planning and designing hospitals, its merits have been widely recognised. In addition to the Borough Mental Hospital at Leicester and the County Mental Hospital at Nar- borough, the Royal Infirmary and the 5th Northern General Hospital (military) at Leicester, its work is found in the Coppice Hospital at Nottingham, the Royal Hampshire County Hospital at Winchester and the alterations and additions to Addenbrooke's Hospital at Cambridge. Mr. Pick was also the architect of two of the most prominent modern buildings in Leicester, Parr's Bank and the Technical and Art Schools in the Newarke. Among his other designs may be mentioned two churches, St. Philip's, Leicester, and St. Michael and All Angels, Knighton Fields, and the new buildings of the Midland Agricultural and Dairy College at Kingston-on-Soar. Mr. Pick's work as an architect was marked by a strong individ uality, guided by practical common-sense. With him, the first object of a building was to fulfil the purpose for which it was in tended : with wastefulness and pretentiousness, and with the sacrifice of plan to a would-be striking elevation, he'had no sym pathy. Those whose daily work lies in his buildings bear warm testimony to the practical convenience of their arrangement. Mr. B. J. Fletcher, the head-master of the School of Art, calls atten tion to the qualities of excellent lighting and disposition of rooms which make it a very easy building to work in and manage, and to the combination of simplicity of plan with provision for the most complex requirements and for future development* At the same time general effect was not overlooked, and the building has a large spaciousness which is not so much a matter of actual size as a re sult of the architect's individual spirit manifested in his work. In designing hospitals Mr. Pick spared no pains to consult with the doctors in charge and adapt his plans to their suggestions. He was accustomed to express himself forcibly upon the illogical regu lations with which he found himself in conflict. His opinions upon bye-laws with regard to building formed the subject of one of his papers read before the Leicestershire Society of Architects, and more recently he gave expert evidence upon this point before a select committee of the House of Commons. Further, with this keen sense of the practical side of architecture he com bined devotion to it as an art. His artistic taste was quickened in early years at Kibworth by his friendship with the Leicester artist, Harry Ward; and later on, at Leicester, he was in close association with Ward and the late John Fulleylove, R.I., whose water-colour paintings are amongst the most charming of recent times. The three made many excursions together in rural parts of England, during which Mr! Pick gained a singularly wide and thorough knowledge of English architecture in districts where it has suffered least from the hand of the restorer. It was difficult to mention any building, for example, in the Cotswolds, East Anglia or Shropshire which he had not visited, and his remem brance of its details, constantly recorded in sketches of great ability, was always accompanied by appreciation of its natural surroundings. The accuracy and picturesqueness of his architect ural sketches are well illustrated by a drawing of Rushton Hall, Northants, which, with others, was reproduced in The Builder, and by the little pen-and-ink drawings which he contributed to the late George Wise's Rockingham Castle and the Watsons. The qualities which he strove successfully to express in his architectural practice were in no small degree the outcome of the lessons which he learned in these journeys. The local architecture of such districts is the natural fruit of its environment, the work of local hands trained in the manipulation of local material and producing effects of simple dignity and beauty without conscious effect or affectation. The recognition of this fact, with its con sequent bearing upon the architectural conditions of our own day, we owe to teachers of genius, chief among them William Morris, who, by their enthusiastic insistence upon fundamental precepts, have done much to redeem art from stagnancy and lift it from the dead level that prevailed during most of the nineteenth century. Much1 however, remains to be done; and work of this kind cannot be effected without the stimulating presence in large centres of population of men who, by their teaching and practice, keep sound ideals constantly before the public. Mr. Pick devoted his influence in Leicester to this end. Deriving continual suggestions from the old buildings * which he studied with strong appreciation, he avoided the merely imitative and artificial conception of architecture. He learned from the past to work in the present, and saw clearly that, for purposes of modern expression, a mere copy of the terms of a bygone language is inadequate. Thus, for the best and most scholarly work of the Gothic revival and for those architects who impressed their individuality upon the mediaeval forms they used he had a profound respect, and the present writer remembers a warm tribute which he paid in conversation to the most remark able of them all; but he realised none the less that, with the rank and file, the Gothio revival was a false start and led nowhere, and that it was responsible for much poor and unprogressive work on wrong principles. He also combated the superstition that English architecture ceased at the end of the middle ages and the neglect of its later phases. Of the architecture and craftsmanship of the later Stewart and the Georgian periods he was an accomplished student and admirer. His bank in Leicester, which shows his powers of design at their best, bears testimony to his assimilation of developed Renaissance architecture and to his power of express ing its principles in terms of his own. This originality of accent marks all he did. A striking instance, in a quite different style, is the front of the Marquis Wellington inn in London Road, an ob ject-lesson ifl the resourceful invention which plays freely with its models and creates from them something new. His services to the cause of artistic craftsmanship in its relation to architecture cannot be over-rated. Here, agaiu, the close ac quaintance with the history of such work which he gained in his favourite sketching-grounds stimulated his zeal for its revival. His recognition of beauties of detail and ornament led him to make an intimate study of one forgotten branch of art, the results of which can be seen in Leicestershire and the neighbouring counties. A paper upon slate head-stones, with their imaginative ornament and fine lettering, which he read before the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society, was printed several years ago with illustra tions contrasting them with the melancholy monotony of cemetery art of more recent days. This subject remained an abiding passion with him ; and only last year he lectured upon it to our Society, at a time when the growing interest in War memorials gave special point to his discourse. Such study was more to him than an in teresting excursion into the past: it had its practical application to modern times. Craftsmanship in the historic spirit, freed from the bonds which debase art into a branch of trade, won his support and encouragement. Few things can have given him more satis faction than the activity of the Art Schools which he designed in Leicester in educating artist-craftsmen of first-rate quality, whose names are known to all lovers of applied art. Mr. Pick's habitual study of bygone architecture gave him sympathy with the objects of the Leicestershire Archaeological Society. For what is rather loosely known as ' archaeology," a science whose votaries are occasionally prone to revere antiquities because they are old rather than for any other reason, he had little time or taste : his energies, as has been said, were concentrated upon applying all that the past could give by way of p'attern and suggestion to the vital needs of our own day. How skilfully, how ever, he could analyse and tell the history of an ancient building may be seen in the notes which he contributed to the Society's Leicester excursion in 1916. Moreover, the sentiment which en abled him to read the spirit of such buildings and learn its lessons taught him the futility and mischief of wanton restoration, with its inevitable consequence in the obliteration of historic landmarks. An age which spends its time in restoring ancient fabrics to their ' original condition,' in re-earring old capitals, removing old furniture, and eking out perished portions by facsimiles of mediaev al work, destroys what should be its own sources of inspiration and has nothing itself to leave to the future. Mr- Pick was vigi lant in the by no means grateful task of calling attention to injudicious projects of this kind. He was for many years a member of the Society for the Protection of Ancient -Buildings, and did valuable service on the committee of our own Society in promoting its influence for good where expostulation or protest was needful. His practical knowledge of architecture was always at the service of the committee, and by none of the societies to which he belonged will he be more seriously missed. He was more than once president of the Leicestershire Society of Architects, an4 in 1905 was president of the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society. The reputation which he enjoyed out side Leicester gained him the honour of serving for a time as a vice-president of the Royal Institute of British Architects, of which he was a Fellow. In 1918, about a year before his death, he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London. Young architects found in Mr. Pick a friend who was ready to give helpful advice, criticism and sympathy. He was keen to de tect signs of promise and to encourage 'their development, and, never ceasing to be a learner himself, he kept easily in touch with all who showed a genuine desire to learn. His last activities were spent in the congenial work of discovering architectural talent and endeavouring to put it to the best uses. In January 1919 he was nominated by the Royal Institute of British Architects to do hon orary work upon the Civilian Advisory Board at Cologne. During his four weeks of work there, he interviewed and gave advice to some two thousand officers awaiting demobilisation, for the most part architects and architectural students whose careers had been interrupted by the war. Although he enjoyed the task, it was a great strain upon his health, which had not thoroughly thrown off the effects of an illness in the previous November; and long motor- drives from place to place in bitterly cold weather tried him severely. He arrived home in a state of physical pain and exhaustion from which he never recovered, and died thirteen weeks later. There are maijy who can speak much more intimately of Mr. Pick than the present writer, but it is hoped that this summary ot his life and work will at any rate recall to them those points in his character which gained him their regard. His personal candf&ir and sincerity, his single-minded devotion to his art, his jealousy for its honour, and his liberal conception of its scope, were obvious to all who knew him. To his smallest as well as to large under takings he gave the same pains and attention : whether he was engaged in designing a large building or a mural tablet, he was bent upon doing his best, and it may be said in passing that there are few more satisfactory modern examples of the second kind than the tablets which he designed for the Watson chapel in Rocking- ham church. At the meeting of our Society, a few days after his death, Major Freer briefly expressed the affection and esteem in which he was held by his friends. Our loss is great, and we can only trust that in the future the ideals which he strove to impress upon us as inseparably connected with our work will be remembered and kept in view by the Society as a whole. In 1882 Mr. Pick was married at Bushton church to Miss Barbara Beadman, his cousin, who survives him and by whom he leaves a son and daughter. The writer is indebted to Mrs. Pick for several details in this account of her husband's career, and Mr. S. H. Skillington and Mr. William Keay have also afforded much kind help. A.H.T. The Manors of Allexton, Appleby and Ashby Folville. BY GEORGE FARNHAM, M.A., F.S.A., AND A. HAMILTON THOMPSON, M.A., F.S.A. PREFACE. Since the appearance of Nichols' History of Leicestershire, pub lished between 1795 and 1815, the materials for original work upon local history and topography have been considerably extended, and many classes of documents are now available for research which serve at once to supplement and correct the information contained in the older county histories.. While Nichols' famous volumes must always remain the foundation for any future work upon the history of Leicestershire, the student who knows how to make use of them finds that their statements constantly stand in need of verification and that their accuracy is seriously impaired by their author's partial and arbitrary use of his documents. For some time past the present writers have entertained the idea of bringing together the results of their several collections of material illus trating the manorial and ecclesiastical annals of the county, and it will be found that the notes which follow in the form of con nected narratives endeavour to fill up gaps in the story of the three places concerned and to present in consecutive order information which hitherto has been treated merely in outline or overlooked altogether. For the chief part of the work, tracing the descent of the manors, and for the pedigrees Mr. Farnham is responsible. The notes upon advowsons and the lists of incumbents, which con siderably amplify Nichols' imperfect and carelessly compiled lists, are supplied by his collaborator. They hope to continue the work in future numbers of Transactions, and so to put on record what they have gathered with regard at any rate to a certain number of places whose history needs elucidation. I. ALLEXTON. [Wapentake of Goscote East; Rural Deanery (ancient) of Goscote, (modern) of Gartree in.]. Forms of the name : 1086 Adelachestone ; 1124-9 Adelacstone; 12th cent, (n d.) Aelachestone; 1205-6 Aslakeston (to 1210- 11): 1207-8 Alakeston; 1212-3 Adelakeston (to 1216); 1220 Hathelakeston ; 1225 Athelakeston (to 1239); c. 1225 Aslaketon ; 1226 Adlakeston, Adthelakeston ; 1228 Atelokeston ; 1234-5 Athe- lokeston (to 1468); c. 1258 Atlakeston; 1258-9 Aselakeston; 1274-5 Athelakeston, Adthelakiston; 1276 Atheloxton (to 1355); 1310 Albxton ; 1316 Athelaxton ; 1349 Athelexton ; 1364-5 Adeloxton ; 1367-8 Adloxton (to 1473); 1450-1 Adlaxton (to 1493-4); 1555 Allaxton ; 1602 Alexton ; 1754 Alaxton. The principal manor of Adelachestone was valued in Domesday at twenty shillings and was the property of the countess Judith, under whom it was held by Grimbald. One plough was employed in the demense ; and four villeins, with one bordar, had another plough. There was a mill of two shillings value. Grimbald held also of the countess another small manor in this lordship, containing only half a plough-land, It was worth five shillings, and half a plough was employed in the demesne. There was a mill of sixteen pence value. The soke of Rothley at this time extended to six oxgangs, described as being waste.8 In the Leicestershire Survey (1124-9) the land of countess Judith was held by David, king of Scots (as earl of Huntingdon), and consisted of five carucates and one virgate of land. The king of England still held three virgates, equivalent to the six oxgangs of Domesday, as of his royal manor of Rothley.* Robert Grimbald was hereditary possessor of the whole lordship early in the twelfth century; and under him the larger or superior manor was held by his sister's husband, Robert de Bakepuiz, and was therefore distinguished by the name of Bakepuiz Manor. At a later date this manor was called Nether hall, the smaller or Crown manor being known as the Over manor. The family of Bakepuiz or Bakepuz took its name from the village of Bacquepuis (Eure) near Evreux: the name survives in those of Kingston Bagpuze, Wiltshire, and in a corrupt form, of Newingtoii Bagpath, Glouces tershire. " Nichols in, 5. See V.C H. Leiccs. I. 334, 307. l> Round, Feudal Enjland, p. 198; V.C.H. ut sup. i, 345. THE MANOR OF ALLBXTON. 409 Nichols prints a charter of Aeliza (Alice), daughter of Robert de Bakepuiz, who held the manor in fee of her uncle Robert Grimbald. This charter, translated, is as follows : Aeliza, daughter of Robert de Bakepuiz, to all her men and friends, French and English, greeting. Know ye that I have given and granted to John de Bakepuz, my brother, all my land of Aelachestone in fee and by hereditary right to hold from me aud my heirs at a yearly rent of one mark ; and for this John will acquit that land of all services which pertain to the chief lord. And I have granted this with the assent of sir Robert Grimbald my uncle and John my son; and for this grant the said John my brother has given me first a golden ring before my father in his court, then a silver buckle before Robert Grimbald in his court. These being witnesses ; Nicholas de Jubria, William son of Grimbald and the whole court of Robert Grimbald. The family of Bakepuz thus became the chief lords of Allexton, holding apparently the whole lordship except the small portion held by the Crown. If they ever lived at Allexton they left it in the time of Henry n. for Barton iu Derbyshire, ten miles west of Derby, which became known as Barton Bakepuz and was their chief resi dence. Their last male representative was William de Bakepuz, living in 1375. Dying childless, he was succeeded by his sister Helen, the wife of Nicholas Longford of Longford, co. Derby; and in 1381 the manors of Barton and Allexton, with most of the Bakepuz property, was purchased by sir Robert Blount, from whom Barton Bakepuz was re-named Barton Blount. The descent of these chief lords will be traced in connexion with the advowson of Allexton, but their connexion with the manor is of secondary in terest compared with that of their resident under-tenants. The family of Nevill held the lordship under the house of Bake puz, holding also the Crown fee of the Knights Templars, to whom the king had granted the soke of Rothley. Any information con cerning the cadet branches of the great mediaeval house of Nevill is interesting ; but, while Nichols' account of Allexton is full of such information, it seems to be mostly incorrect. This is the more to be regretted, since from the marriage of Peter of Allexton with Alice the sister of Hugh Nevill, the chief forester, descended families of Nevill connected not only with Allextou, but with Carlton Curlieu, Prestwold, Somerby, Wymeswold and other places in the county. Peter of Allexton appears in 1205 6 as the guardian of William de Jorz," to whose fee belonged land in Wymeswoldb; and mentions of him occur in 1207-8, 1210-11,1212-13.° In the last year his name 1 The family whose name survives in Burton Joyce, near Nottingham. * Rotuli Litt. Claus. (Record Comm.) I. 67. c Rotuli Litt. Pat. (Record Comm.l p. 78 ; Pipe rolls 12 and 14 John. 410 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. is entered on the Pipe roll as owing 50 marks to the king. 25 marks however, of this debt were transferred to a fine of £100 which, to gether with one good horse, stood in the name of his son Hasculf. For this fine Hasculf, by his father's wish, succeeded to his baili wick of the king's forest, which Peter had quit-claimed before the king, and obtained custody of the king's houses, i.e. the castle, of Sauvey.* Peter appears to have died about 1216. On 13 April in that year his wife Alice, sister of Hugh Nevill, who stood surety for her, paid a fine of 20 marks for having all the lands and tenements of Peter of Allexton, her husband : and the sheriffs of Nottingham and Leicester and the keeper of Sauvey were ordered to give her seisin.b On 29 June, 1220, Hasculf of Al lex ton was appointed to the office of royal forester, formerly held by his father Peter, in Rutland aud Leicester.0 He continued in this office for many years, and probably throughout his life. On 4 April 1225 he was commanded to allow the king's hunter Richard Butler (Pincerna) to hunt with his hounds in the parts of the forest of Leicester11 ; and on 23 June 1226 the sheriff of Rutland was ordered to give him help for im pounding stray cattle in the king's park of Ridlington." In 1227 a fine was levied between Hasculf and Robert Nevill, by which Robert paid twenty marks for three and a half carucates of land in South Uroxton.' Complaints were brought to the king at North ampton in January 1227-8 that Hasculf treated the men in his bailiwick unjustly, and. on 16 January Alan Basset and others were ordered to make an enquiry in the bailiwick and transmit the facts to the king.g In 1231 Hasculf of Allexton appears for the first time as using his mother's maiden name of Nevill. Until 1242 he is called in differently by both names, but after that date Nevill becomes .the habitual surname of him and his descendants. He was ordered in 1231 not to hinder the men of Peter son of Hubert from their custom of gathering nuts in the king's forest of Rutland for one day for Peter's use.h On 16 September 1234 he had an order to pro vide the prior of Laund with thirty logs from the wood of Frithe- wood for the works at his church, as a gift from the king.' The limits of his jurisdiction as forester were curtailed in 1234-5 by the disafforestation of the forest of Leicester,* from which, however, by an order of 17 August 1236, addressed to him as king's forester in Rutland, the demesne wood of Withcote was excepted, on the ground that Henry ill's forest charter had provided that royal de- • Pipe Roll, 14 John. "> Fine roll, 17-18 John. e Pat Rolls 1216-25, p. 239. * Rot. Litt. Claus. (Record Comm.) n., 26 * Ibid. ii.. 123. * Feet of Fines, Leicester. « Pat. Rolls 1225-32, p. 209. >> Close Rolls 1231-4, p. 2. 1 Ibid. p. 517. k Ibid, 1234-7, p. 51. THE MANOE OF ALLEXTON. 411 mense afforested by Henry n. should remain forest." On 3 October 1237 he was commanded to give Hugh Paynell three does from the forest of Rutland, and three more from the forest of Sauvey on 14 Nov. 1239." Hasculf, with Alan Basset, was put upon the commission of the peace and array of arms for Rutland on 20 May 1242.° At Mich aelmas 1243 he was sued by Rohese de Verdon for 200 marks4 ; and she appointed attornies to sue him and Gilbert Segrave in a plea of debt during the following year.6 At Easter 1243 he was defendant in a fine between him and the master of the Knights Templars for three shillings, as customs and services for the free tenement which he held of the master in Allexton.' Hasculf died before 22 April 1250, when his son Peter was granted relief for £324 due for his father's debts for the eyre of the forest in Rutland.6 The custody of Sauvey castle was transferred from Philip Marmion to Peter Nevill on 3 February 1251-2. On 28 October following he was ordered to give the custody to Reynold de Moun, who was to pay a rent of five marks yearly. This order, however, does not seem to have taken effect; for on 16 February 1252-3 another order transferred the castle from Peter to Ernald de Boys.h Letters of protection issued on 8 July 1253 show that Peter accompanied Henry in. to Gascony; and on 18 February 1253-4 the king granted him £10 yearly at the exchequer, payable at Easter in .the name of a fee until he should obtain an equivalent grant in land from escheats or wards.' A second grant of Sauvey castle occurs on 26 September 1254, to hold at farm for three years from 1 November following, with an addition of two marks to the rent paid by Ernald de Boys. Ernald, justice of the forest, was accordingly commanded to deliver up the castle; but on 11 January 1254-5 Peter had a mandate to give it back to Ernald-k We find Peter Nevill marshal of the kings household in May 1259.1 On 11 June 1260 he was sent to take over Whitchurch castle in Shropshire for the king and deliver it to Hugh Bigod, the justiciar, on the occasion of a dispute touching the wardship of the lands and heir of William of Whitchurch (de Albo Monasterio).™ Once more, 14 July 1260, he was appointed keeper of Sauvey castle, succeeding a Frenchman, Roger de Aubuf.n This appoint ment was made by the council which, under the provisions of Oxford, bore rule in the realm; and Peter very probably was in sympathy with the baronial opposition to the king's favourites. He had letters of protection as going abroad with Henry in July 1262°, • Ibid. p. 305. " Ibid. p. 499, 1237-42, .p 156. e Ibid. 1237-42, p. 485. d Curia Regis roll, Mich. 1243. e Close Rolls 1242-7, p. 237. 'Feet of Fines, Leicester. ' Fine roll, 34 Hen. in. » Cal. Pat. Bolls 1247-58, pp. 127, 262,178. * Ibid. pp. 235, 268. k Ibid. pp. 336, 393. ' Ibid. 1258-66, p. ii. m Ibid. p. 77. n Ibid. p. 82. ° Ibid. p. 222. 412 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. when the king went to Reims, returning in December. A year later, he was in debt to the king and had to adjust accounts with regard to his yearly fee of £10. s A month after the battle of Lewes, he and others, then in Windsor castle, had a safe-conduct to come with all speed to discuss important business with the king, under pain of being outlawed as rebels.b Although he seems from this to have joined the baronial party, he certainly made his peace with the Crown ; for, on 4 March 1266-7, the corporation of King's Lynn was directed, with the loyal subjects in those parts or coming there with horses and arms, to aid Peter Nevill, appointed keeper of the town and the sea-coast adjoining.0 On 28 July of the same year he and John of Kirkby were sureties for Eustace Folville, to whom pardon was granted for his share in the late disturbances.4 On the other hand, he got into trouble about this time for intruding, with others procured by him, into certain lands in Hallaton, and taking and plundering the bailiff of William and Thomas Bardulf of goods to the value of forty marks. The culprits confessed their offence, Roger of Leyburn was ordered to take the lands for the king, and on 10 September Peter was commanded to come before the King and receive justice." On 26 April 1274 Peter Nevill was outlawed for a trespass com mitted on the Saturday before St. Denis (7 October) 1273. The inquisition taken at the bridge of Rockiugham by the king's es- cheator on 29 December following the outlawry shows that in September 1273 Peter had conveyed much of his property to his son Theobald by four several grants. On 22 September Rajnold de Bakepuz, as Peter's attorney, had given Theobald seisin of three virgates of land in Carlton Curlieu, with a messuage which' Peter had of the gift of Alice, daughter of Robert Curly, being of the yearly value of three marks, and a messuage and eight virgates in the same place which were the inheritance of Alice, the mother of Theobald and wife of Peter, yearly value eight marks.. Two days later Peter, by the same attorney, put Theobald in possession of the manor of Allexton, in which the capital messuage and three virgates of land were held of the soke of Rothley, given to the Knights Templars by Henry n. A third grant consisted of two mills in Tugby and a ' wong ' (cultura) containing four acres, yearly value twenty shillings, and of Peter's land in Hallaton. On 25 September Peter, with the consent of his mother Christine Nevill, who died 6 December following, sent his attorney and serjeant, the same Reynold, with a charter of feoffment to Leighfield (la Leye,) co. Rutland, where he put Theobald in seisin of the manor of Leigh- field. After Peter's outlawry Theobald was ejected from the • Ibid. p. 269. b 16 June 1264 (ibid. p. 324.) c Ibid. 1266-72, p. 130 T Ibid. p. 149. ' Ibid. pp. 158, 159. THE MANOB OF ALLEXTON. 418 Carlton Curlieu property on 3 May 1274 by Osbert Hereford, sheriff of Leicester, from Allexton on the same day by sir Roger Clifford the younger, and from Leighfield on 10 May, the feast of the Ascension, by the sume sir Roger, justice of the forest south of Trent. He was also ejected from the property in Tugby and Hallaton. The escheator returned that the moat and old garden with two virgates of land in Allexton were once of the king's demesne, and the ancestors of the said Peter were enfeoffed in them by the king of England : the Templars of Rothley received yearly therefrom three shillings. The residue of the manor of Allextoii was held of sir Peter de Bakepuz by yearly service of a pair of gilt spurs. The year, day and waste of the manor were £53 10s. for which the ex chequer ought to answer. The manor of Hallaton was held of sir William Bardolf by homage, two appearances at his view of frank- pledge at Shelford, co. Nottingham, and by scutage : the year, day and waste were worth £19 10s. 2d. for which the exchequer ought to answer.8 At Trinity 1275 Theobald Nevill demanded the restitution of the escheated property in the king's bench, entering an acknowledge ment that he held the manor of Leighfield in chief of John Peyvre, son and heir of John Peyvre, son and heir of sir Paulin Peyvre, by service of a pound of cummin or twopence and by payment of forty shillings yearly. The homage and service of sir Peter Nevill, his heirs and assigns, in that manor had been granted by charter to the said sir Paulin and his heirs by Geoffrey Maunsel, formerly the tenant in chief.b Theobald's claim to the chief messuage and three virgates in Allexton was disputed by the mesne lord, the master of the Temple, who claimed them as his escheat in con sequence of Peter's outlawry." A fresh inquisition, taken by Geoffrey of Lewknor and John of Mettingham, established Theobald's right to the manors of Leigh- field and Braunston, co. Rutland, of which he had obtained seisin before his father's outlawry, and which therefore could not be escheated on account of Peter's trespass ; and on 15 November 1275 the steward of the king's lands in Rutland was ordered to cause the manors to be delivered to Theobald in the same state as they were in on the day when they were taken into the king's hands.d The question was raised, however, whether Theobald's seisin before the outlawry had been full and uninterrupted, or whether Peter, after conveying the property, continued his own seisin so that Theobald never had full possession. This, as it concerned the manors of Allexton, Hallaton, Leighfield and Braunston, was committed for 1 Gal. Misc. Inquisitions. I. 300-2 (no. 984 ) h Coram Rege roll 18, m. 371!. 0 Ibid. m. 27<1. A Cal. Close Rolls 1272-9, p. 222. 414 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. inquiry on 20 May 1276 to Geoffrey of Lewknor and Richard of Holbrook, with instructions to determine by a jury of Leicester and Rutland the dates of Peter's felony and outlawry and its publication, and of the feoffment made to Theobald, the termination or con tinuation of Peter's seisin on or after the date of the feoffment, the lords of whom and services by which the manors were held, their present holders, the escheators, whether the Grown or others, to whom they should have fallen by Peter's trespass, and the value of the year, day and waste. Theobald and William Bardolf, the chief lord of Hallaton, appeared in court and put them selves upon the inquisition.2 Theobald evidently recovered his seisin. On 26 February 1285- 6 an order to the exchequer acquitted him of all debts due to it from his father and grandfather1"; and on 20 January 1286-7, he, with William Murdak, was appointed justice of the peace in Rutland.0 In 1297, however, Theobald Nevill, knight, and Thomas Nevill were in arrears with £150, part of a debt of £450 10s. 9d. which they ought to have paid in two halves at Michaelmas 1295 and Easter 1296 to Edmund, earl of Cornwall. The sheriff was ordered to arrest them and made an extent of all Theobald's lands except his chief messuage in Allexton. This was a ' fortalice' surrounded with a moat and water, which could not be entered without forcing the bridges and doors ; so that the buildings and the fishing in the moat had not been extended. All Theobald's goods and chattels, however, that were found, valued at £21 6s. 8d. were seized, the residue of his lands and tenements was extended at £9 10s. Id., and the earl's bailiff was put in seisin. Meanwhile, as it was witnessed that there were still goods and chattels of Theobald in Leicestershire which had not been extended, the sheriff was ordered to extend these, with the buildings and fishings afore said, at a reasonable rate, and to make his return at Michaelmas.4 In spite of this incident, Theobald continued to maintain his position in his neighbourhood. On 14 January 1299-1300 he was joined with the sheriff of Rutland in a commission of array to summon the landholders of their bailiwick with £40 a year or more to provide themselves with horses and arms to meet the king at Carlisle for his Scottish campaign at Midsummer." On 13 Sept ember 1300 he was granted in fee simple the custody of the forest of Rutland for the rent previously paid by his father'; and on 9 March 1300-1 he was appointed with others to hold an inquiry touching deer-poachers in the park of Oakham, when it was in the king's hands—i.e. after the death of Edmund, earl of Cornwall, in 1300 —and in John Segrave's park at Cold Overton.8 In 1303 " Gal Pat. Rolls- 1272-81, p. 143. b Cal.Close Rolls 1279-88, p. 387. c Cat. Pat. Rolls 1281-92, p. 265. d De Banco roll 119 (Trinity, 25 Edw. i.) • Cal. Close Rolls 1296-1302, p. 381. ' Cal. Pat. Rolls 1292.1301, p. 533 : seethe grant made in a new form 25 Dec., ibid, p, 560. e Ibid. p. 626. THE MANOE OP ALLEXTON. 415 Theobald was with Edward i. in Scotland. During his absence, his cousin Thomas Nevill died, and the bishop of Lincoln laid claim to property in Stoke Dry, co. Rutland, which Thomas had held of him. Theobald, who was found by inquisition to be his cousin's next heir, begged stay of execution; and the escheator south of Trent was commanded to give notice to Theobald and his first cousin, John Nevill of Wymeswold, who claimed hereditary right in the land, to appear in the King's bench at Michaelmas." There is no further mention of Theobald until 16 February 1315- 6, when an order occurs for the replevin of his bailiwick in the forest of Rutland to him, surety being given by Richard Lovel and Robert of Kendal.b He died towards the end of 1316. The in quisition taken after his death states that he held the bailiwick of the forest of Rutland, held of the king in chief, for the yearly rent of forty shillings at the exchequer. He was seised of a messuage and two carucates of land in Allexton, of which he and Cecily, late his wife, had been enfeoffed jointly, with remainder to the heirs of Theobald, by Thomas Nevill,0 of these, two-thirds of the messuage and three virgates of land were said to be held in free socage, by service of three shillings yearly, of the Hospitallers, to whom the king had given the soke of Rothley on its forfeiture by the Templars. The remaining third of the messuage and five virgates were held of John de Bakepuz, knight, by service of a pair of gilt spurs or sixpence yearly, and for a quarter of a knight's fee. Theobald's next heir was his daughter Alice, aged sixteen and more, and married to John Hakelut.rt John Hakelut thus succeeded to the manor of Allexton in right of his wife. He did homage for her heritage, and on 1 June 1317 the escheator was directed to deliver Theobald's lands to them.' Alice's mother, Cecily, was still alive, and at Easter 1321 sued Roger Morwode and Joan his wife and William Inge for a third part of a messuage, four carucates of land, forty acres of meadow and 100s. rent in Stoke Dry.f In the Lay subsidy roll for 1327, under Allexton, John Bakepuz, the chief lord, is taxed three shillings; and in the same roll and in that for 1332 John Hakelut is taxed four shillings. It was in 1332 that Hakelut, with Robert Lovel, rector of Ashwell, co. Rutland, and Walter of Yarmouth were indicted before Ralph Nevill and his fellows, justices of oyer and terminer in cos. Lincoln, Rutland and Northampton, for receiving and harbouring felons, and were sent to prison. They found bail to appear before the justices at Lincoln on 14 Dec.; and, their sureties having undertaken to answer for « Gal. Close Rolls 1302-7, p. 49. b Ibid. 1313-8, p. 270. * This must re fer to a quit-claim of his right in the manor by Thomas, the fourlfi and youngest brother of Theobald's father. < Ceil. Inq. p.m. vi. 5, 6 (no. 17.1 ' Gal. Fine Bolls n. 329. ' De Banco roll 238, m. 65d. 416 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. their good behaviour meanwhile, their release was committed on 13 September to the constable of the Tower." Sir John Haklut in 1346 was commissioner of array in Rutland and served among the knights in the king's army in France.b In 1348 he had protection till Michaelmas, when he is mentioned as having served in the Black Prince's retinue.e On 15 December 1350, the keeper of the forest south of Trent or his deputy in Rutland was ordered to replevy to John Haclut his wood at Braun- ston, which had been taken into the king's hand for trespass of vert, if it were repleviable in accordance with the assize of the forest.4 John Haclut died on 28 January 1361-2. The inquisition post mortem returned 13 April 1362, that he held no lands in chief in Leicestershire on the day of his death. He held the manor of Allexton of the prior of St. John of Jerusalem in England, as in right of his wife Alice Nevill, who survived him. The manor con tained a capital messuage worth nothing beyond the outgoings-, twenty shillings of rents, one carucate of land worth yearly 20s., the site of the manor worth yearly two shillings, services worth three shillings yearly, and half a virgate of land worth twelve pence yearly, held of Thomas Bakepuz by yearly service of sixpence. He also held, as in right of Alice, a capital messuage in Hallaton, and a carucate of land, etc., held of the heirs of Robert Peverel by yearly service of threepence and suit of court at his (sic) court of Hallaton twice a year ; and a carucate of land in Carlton Curlieu, held of Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Holand, by service of homage and suit of court twice a year. He also held lands, etc., in Rutland. William Haclut, son of John and Alice, age 26 years and more, was their next heir.8 As the inquisition established that the lands were not held in chief and in right and heritage of Alice, the escheator had a man date, 12 May 1362, to remove his hand from the manor in Allexton and lands, etc., in Hallaton, and to deliver the issues taken there from .to Alice.' She subsequently married John Wardedieu of Bodiam, co. Sussex, and died on 21 March 1370-1. By inquisition taken at Hallaton, 21 August following, it was found that she held the manor of Allexton, worth £10 a year, of the prior of the Hos pitallers and of William Bakepuz, and 20s. rent in Somerby of Roger Beler, both by services unknown to the jurors. Her heir was her son William Haclut, thirty years of age—a statement which, compared with that of the inquisition of 1362, shows the extreme untrustworthiness of this type of document as evidence of the age of persons concerned.g On 18 September the escheat was a Cal. Close Rolls 1330-3, p. 603. b Wrottesley, Crecy andCalais, p. 35. c Memoranda roll, Q.R. 22 Edw. m. d Cal. Close Bolls 1349-54, p. 251. ' Inq. p.m. 1362. ' Cal. Close Rolls 1360-4, p. 328. s Inq. p.m. 1371. THE MANOE OF ALLEXTON. 417 ordered to be removed from a manor in Allexton, five marks of rent in Carlton Curlieu and 20s. rent in Somerby, which Alice had held jointly with her husband John Wardedieu by enfeoffment and gift to them and the heirs of John by Henry Wardedieu and John Courthorp. The escheator was to deliver to John Wardedieu any issues taken therefrom.8 This looks as though William Hakelut had quit-claimed his right in his mother's property in Allexton to her and her second husband, who had leased it to Henry Wardedieu and John Cour thorp. William, however, who died on 1 October 1373, was found by inquisition taken at Allexton on 21 December following to hold his lands of William Bakepuz by knight service. He was seised of-13s. 4d. rent from a moiety of a carucate of land in Carlton Curlieu, held of Henry Ferrers, knight, which Alice Hakelut his mother had leased to William Weston for term of life, and of the rent of a pound of pepper at Christmas yearly from two virgates of land in East Norton which William Morwode held of him. The Leicestershire jurors did not know who was his heir; but the jurors in Rutland returned that his heirs were John Meres, chivaler, of Loddington and John Trussel.b A further inquisition however, was taken causa melius inquirendi by Thomas Walssh, escheator in Leicestershire, at Hallaton, 22 February 1374-5, by which it was found that William Hakelut held a certain manor in Allexton of sir William Bakepuz, chivaler, in chief by a service of sixpence, the manor being worth 60s. yearly, and a plot with two granges and a virgate and a half of land held of the prior of the Hospitallers as of his manor of Rothley by service of three shillings; and that John Mey of Loddington, aged thirty and moie, was William Hakelut's next hoir of blood. It appears that the escheator, having no visible evidence of John Mey's existence and no assurance whether he was alive or no, seized the premises into the king's hand—it is said on 20 February, but this date is wrong, as the inquisition did not take place till two days later. They are given on 17 March 1374-5. when the escheator was inhibited from intermeddling further with them, as a manor in Allexton, three virgates of land, valued 33s. 4d. a year, and eighteenpence of rent of freeholders in Carlton Curlieu, and 16s. 8d. rent in Somerby.0 What happened to the manor is not clear. Whatever may have been the relationship of John Mey to William Hakelut, he must have parted with the manor, if he entered upon it, very shortly afterwards; for at Easter 1377 it was conveyed by a fine by Edward Dalyngregge, chivaler, and Elizabeth his wife, to William Gower, clerk, William of Loughborough, John of Bridgford and Richard of Oxendon.d Sir Edward Dalyngrigge, 1 Cal. Close Rolls 1369-74, p. 247. b Inq. p.m. 1373. « Cal. Close Rolls 1374-7, pp. 149, 150. * Feet of Fines, Leicester. 418 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. well known as the founder of Bodiam castle, Sussex, acquired that property by his marriage with Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of John Wanledieu or Wardeux." It thus appears that, by the terms of the feoffment mentioned in the order of 18 September 1371, the manor of Allcxtou passed to the heirs of John Wardedieu, the step father of William Hakelut, who thus parted with it. The poll-tax of 1377-8 for Allexton assessed William de Burgh, serjeant,b at 40s. or 10s., John de Burgh, his attorney, at 6d., and William Here, their servant, at the normal rate of 4d.c William de Burgh must at this time have been tenant of the manor, but probably on a lease from a lessee of the persons who had acquired it in 1377. By a fine levied 12 September 1385 one John Norton conveyed the manor to AVilliam de Burgh, chivaler, and Margery or Margaret his wife, for term of life in survivorship, with the re version of a messuage, a mill and three acres of land in the same manor, held by Alice, the widow of Robert Milner of Allexton, and John, son of the same Robert, for life; with remainder of the entire manor, after the deaths of William or Margery, to John Holt, chivaler, William Hobyn, rector of Babwortb, co. Nottingham Thomas Friseby, Thomas ' de Queneby de Assheby '(sic, for As- sheby of Quenby), Ralph Lawys, John, son of Robert Sewaldeby, clerk, Richard Oxindon, and the heirs of John, son of Robert.* This group of persons represents the successors of the feoffees of 1377, of whom the manor was now held under the chief lords. It will be noticed that in September 1371 the manor whose descent we have been tracing is called ' a manor.' Before this date the larger and smaller manors which composed the lordship held by the Nevills and their heiress are treated as if they formed a single manor; but now they begin to be distinguished by separate names. In 1385 the Rothley fee is called the Over manor, and appears under this name in 1428 ; it was also known as Hakelut's manor. The Bakepuiz manor, on the other hand, is called in 1428, Nether hall. Before this time, the Bakepuiz family had ceased to be tenants in chief of the Crown; for on 12 January 1348-9 the escheator in co. Leicester was ordered to deliver to Agnes, widow of Lawrence Hastings, earl of Pembroke, the fee in Allexton held liy John Bakepuz,0 and on 24 January 1375-6 a similar order was made for the delivery of a knight's fee in Allexton, extended at £18 and held by John Bakepuiz, to Anne, widow of John Hastings, carl of Pembroke, in dower.' John Hastings, as Nichols notes, died in 1374, being seized of this fee. The last male of the house " 30 years of age at the death of his father in 1377 (Sussex Archacol. Collections ix 283.) The Waidedieus acquired the lordship of Bcdiam, probably by mar riage, about 1278. Their shield of arms occurs with those of Bodiam and Dalyng- rigge, above the great gateway of Bodiam castle. b This appears to be the word, but it is almost illegible. c Lay Subs. 133/26. " Feet of fines, Leicester. e Cal. Close Rolls 1346-9, p. 582. ' Ibid. 1374-7, p. 191. THE MANOR OF ALLEXTON. 419 of Bakepuiz, William, died without issue after 1375; and, as already mentioned, the family property was sold in 1381 to sir Walter Blount, who in 1413 enfeoffed trustees in his manor of Allexton, with other property to the use of his second wife, Sancha de Ayala, a Spanish lady, for life, with remainder to his second son, Thomas Blount, and his issue male, and so to James, his third, and Peter, his fourth son, with remainder to his right heirs." The ' Nether ball' portion of Allexton thus descended to Walter, son of Sir Thomas Blount, who was seised of it with Elizabeth his wife in 1441. Meanwhile it appears that Margaret, the wife of William de Burgh, had acquired by purchase the Over or Hakelut's manor, previously held on lease. Her daughter Anne married Kobert Ohiselden, esq,, called of Allexton in connection with a plea of 46s. brought against him in 1419-20 by the executors of the will of Lawrence Blakesley, late rector of a mediety of Hallaton.b Mar garet Burgh died on Wednesday, 3 June 1428, as stated at the in quisition .taken at Leicester, Saturday, 10 July following. The jury returned that she was seised in demesne as of fee of the manor of Allexton called ' Over Maner,' formerly of John Haklute, held of the prior of St. John of Jerusalem in England as of his manor of Rothley by a rent of three shillings yearly for all services. In the said manor there was a site worth nothing yearly beyond reprises ; rents of assize, value 26s. 8d. paid by divers free tenants there at Michaelmas and Easter in equal portions ; 140 acres of land worth twopence per acre ; 40 acres of pasture worth a penny per acre ; 12 acres of meadow worth eightpence per acre ; four acres of wood worth nothing beyond reprises; and two closes worth two shillings and 6s. 8d. respectively. She was also seised in demesne as of fee of a virgate of land in Allexton, held of Thomas Blount, chivaler, as of his manor of ' Nether halle ' by service of sixpence yearly at Easter. In this virgate, valued at 6s. 8d., there were thirty acres of arable land worth twopence yearly per acre, and there were also 2£ acres of meadow worth eightpence per acre. She also held a piece of meadow in Halyhokc of John Wakerly by service unknown to the jury. This contained two acres and was worth two shillings. Her daughter and heir was Anne, wife of Robert Chesilden, aged 40 and more. Anne Chesilden appears to have been married early in life to Theobald Warde, who left a daughter Margery, probably by a previous marriage, married to John Dansey. By a writing dated at Burrough-on-the-Hill in 1443 or 1444, she granted a messuage and lands in Burrough and a rent in Somerby to her younger son " SeeNichols.in. 6, and Cox, Churches of Derbyshire i. 6, where the history of the manor of Barton Blount is summarised. b De Banco roll 636, m. 82. c Holy Oaks in Liddington parish, Rutland. 420 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Robert Chiselden and his issue male, and to John Chesilden, the younger son of her son John, and his issue male, a messuage and nine virgates of land in Thorpe Satchville which John Dansey and Margery his wife held for the life of Margery. Her son John ap pears to have died before his mother. Anne herself died on Sun day, ] 1 March, 1441-2. The inquisition taken at Market Harborough oil Thursday, 23 December 1445*, returned that she was seised of ' Hakelettes manor' in Allexton in demesne as of fee, held of the prior of St. John of Jerusalem in England by service unknown to the jury. The contents of the manor were the site as in her mother's inquisition, 100 acres of land worth fourpence per acre; 20 acres of meadow worth eighteen pence per acre; 40 acres of pasture worth twopence per acre; two crofts worth two shillings apiece, and a water-mill worth nothing beyond reprises. She was seised in dower after the death of Theobald Warde, late her hus band, of seven virgates of land and four crofts in Carltou Curlieu, of the inheritance of Margery, wife of John Dansey, daughter and heir of the said Theobald, held of the king in chief as of the honour of Leicester by service unknown. Margery was aged 40 years and more. Anne's heir was her grandson, John, son of John Chesilden, aged 20 years and more. An inquisition was taken in Rutland by writ dated 9 November 1-446 for proof of John's age. By this it was found that he was born at Seaton, Rutland, on St. Valentine's Day, 14 February 1424-5, and was therefore twenty-one on 14 February 1445-6. The details are interesting. One juror, William Baxter, said that on the day of John's birth he rode for the lady Elizabeth Langforde, that she might be godmother of the said John son of John and lift him from the sacred font. Thomas Carter said that he carried the child in his arms to church for baptism, and John Bertevile said that his wife carried him back to his father's house after the christening. John Club said that on the day of John's birth he carried fire for lighting the candles in church, and John Murdok said that he filled the font in which John was baptized. If, as is possible, Elizabeth Langforde, John's god mother, was one of the Derbyshire Longfords, she belonged to the family into which the heiress of the Bakepuizes had married. The wife of Sir Ralph Longford, however, the head of the family at this date, was named Margaret, and, after his death a few years later she married Seth Worsley, esq. It seems probable, from the fact of his birth at Seaton, that John, son of John's mother, was a Boyvill. • The date is Thursday before St. Thomas the Martyr, but as Christmas in- tervened, this is an unlikely date. Thursday, i July (before the translation of St. Thomas) is more likely ; or it may be Thursday, 16 December, before the feast of St. Thomas the Apostle. THE MANOR OP ALLEXTON. 421 In 1450 John Chiselden released all his rights in Allaxton to John Boyvill and others, by whom they were re-conveyed to Sir Walter Blouut, created lord Mountjoy in 1465. Thus tho two manors were united under one owner. Lord Mountjoy died on 1 August 1474. According to the inquisition then taken, he had given the manor of Allexton to his son William and Margaret his wife, who survived her husband. Edward Blount, their son aged seven years and more in 1474, was his grandfather's heir. He died in his minority, 1 December 1476, when John his uncle, then thirty years of age, had livery of his lands. This John Blount, knight, lord Mountjoy, died 12 October 1485, leaving a son and heir, William Blount, aged seven and more, as reported by inqui sition taken 19 August 1486. From this it appears that the manor of Allexton was leased to Henry Gatton," rector of Barton Blount and Henry Tykkyll, gent., who re-granted it to John Blount and Lora his wife, who survived him, with remainder to the heirs male of his body. John's possessions included the manors of Allexton and Hallaton,b and seven messuages, 40 acres of meadow, 260 acres of pasture and 40 acres of wood in Allexton, Leicester and Desford, worth £4, tenure unknown.0 From this point Nichols' account of the descent of the manor appears to be accurate in the main. The advowson of the church of Allexton appears to have been appurtenant to the Bakepuiz manor. In the Leicester Matriculus of Hugh of Wells, compile 1 between 1220 and 1230, the patron is entered as John de Bakepuiz. and the rector as the patron's brother Peter, instituted by Hugh, sometime bishop of Lincoln, i.e. before 1200. The church was served by W. the vicar, who had been instituted by the archdeacon sede vacante. i.e. before the end of 1209, and received the entire fruits of the church as his vicarage, except a yearly pension of two marks paid by him to the rector.4 Of the vicarage we hear nothing at a later date : such benefices, in churches held by individual rectors, were seldom permanent and frequently lapsed at an early date. The patronage of the rectory remained in the hands of the chief lords, as will be seen by the following list of rectors and patrons. It was frequently held in dowei1, and in later days is found for some time in the hands of lessees. 1. Before 1200. Peter de Bakepuz. Patron : John de Bake- puz. Rot. Welles i. 258. 2. 1226. William de Benetle, chaplain, pres. by sir John de Bakepuz, kt. Ibid, n., 301. " Called Gretton by Cox, op. cit, in. 9. He was instituted to Barton Blount in 1475. b It must not be inferred from this statement that John Blount held the whole manor of Hallaton. Any holder of manorial rights, however small, was con stantly called " holder of the manor." ° Inq. p.m. d Rot. Hug. Welles (Cant, and York Soc.) i., 258. 422 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 3. 1258 or 1259. Henry de Bakepuze, subdeacon, pres. by sir Peter de Bakepusse, kt. on death of W. Rot. Gravesend, p. 138. 4. N.d. Nicholas de Knouuill. 5. 1274-5, 9 March. John de Knouuill, subdeacon, pres. by sir William de Mondgomery, on res. of N. de K. Ibid. p. 157. 6. N.d. Benet. 7. 1310, G May. Thomas dc Bentle, acolyte, pres. by sir John tie Bakepuze, kt.,a on res. of B. Lincoln Reg. n. fo. 205. 8. 1349, 8 April. Edmund de Bakepuis, priest, pres. by Thomas de Bakepuis,b on death of T. de Benteleye. Reg. ix. fo. 338. 9. 1355, 19 Dec. Ralph, son of Ralph de Barton, priest, pres. by Thomas Bakepus, on death of Edmund. Ibid. fo. 363d. 10. 1364-5, 12 Jan. John de Gouteby, priest, pres. by William Bakepuz, kt.° on res. of R. de B. Reg. x. fo. 234. 11. 1367-8, 8 March. Thomas Amory, vicar of Tugby, pres. by William Bacputz, lord of Allexton, on exch. with J. de G. Ibid, fo. 241. 12. 1383, 6 Nov. Roger Tollethorp, chaplain of the chantry of All Saints in All Hallows Barking, London, pres. by Joan, re lict of sir William Baggepuz, on exch. with T.A. Ibid. fo. 282 and d. 13. 1384, 27 March. Thomas Everai-d, priest, rector of North Scarle, Lines., pres. by John de Bakepuz, on exch. with R. de Tolthorp. Reg. xi. fo. 195d. 14. 1388, 24 August. John de Wygtoft, priest, rector of Swaton, Lines, pres. by Joan, relict of sir William Bagebuz, kt. on exch. with T.E. Ibid. fo. 210. 15. 1389, 13 Sept Robert de Multon, priest, vicar of Fries- ton, Lines, pres.-by Joan, relict of sir William Baggepuz, kt. on exch. with J. de Wygetoft. Ibid. ff. 212d. 213. 16. 1391, 5 Oct. Adam Swan, priest, vicar of Finedon, Northants, pres. by Joan, relict of sir William Baggepuz, kt. on exch. with R. Multon. Ibid. fo. 220. 17. N.d. Roger Peek. 18. 1413, 9 June. John Baysham, priest, pres.d by Sanchia, late the wife of Walter Blount, kt. on death of R.P, Reg. xiv. fo 174. 19. 1414, 18 May. Robert Shilley, pres. by Senchia Blount, on res. of J.B. Ibid. fo. 176d. • Presented incumbents to Barton Blount in 1299 and 1307. b Presented to Barton Blount in the same year. c Presented to Barton Blount in 1375 11 For an account of this clerk see Visitations of ReligioiisHouses (Lincoln Record Soc.) i. 81, 201. He resigned Allexton in consequence of his institution to the church of Hanslope, Bucks. THE MANOR OF ALLEXTON. 423 20. 1414-15, 14 March. Richard Barker, priest, pres. by Sanchea Blount, on res. of R.S. Ibid. fo. 179. 21. 1438. 23 August. Robert Adloxton, priest, pres. by Thomas Blount, kt.a on res. of R.B. Reg. xvm. fo. 149d. 22. 1450-1, 20 March. Robert Coton, chaplain, pres. by Thomas Blunt, kt. on res. of R. Adlaxton alias Myluer. Keg. xix. fo. 60. 23. 1453, 9 June. John Assheley, priest, pres. by Thomas Blount, kt. on res. of R.C. Reg. xx. fo. 205. 24. 1468, 7 Oct. Master John Potter, M.A., priest, pre.s. by William Blount, son and heir of Walter Blouut, lord Mountjoye, on death of J. Aschelay. Ibid. fo. 292. 25. 1473, 25 Nov. Nicholas Foxe, priest, pres. by Walter Blount, kt. on res. of J.P. Reg. xxi. fo. 65d. 26. 1493-4, 23 Feb. John Urome, priest, pres. by Thomas Mongomery, kt. patron for this turn in right of dower of Lora his wife,b on res. of N.F. Pension of four marks yearly to the retiring rector. Reg. xxn. fo. 217d. 27. 1539, 20 May. Hugh Penlington, clerk, pres. by Dorothy, lady Mountjoy, on death of John Broune.0 Reg. xxvn. fo. 167d. 28. 1567. Philip Hayesd: compounded for first-fruits 28 April.2 29. 1570. Ralph Bradley : compounded for first-fruits 4 July.f Lincoln Epis. Records (Lincoln Record Soc.) p. 318. 30. 1573. William Fenton, pres. by the Crown 31 Nov., on res. of last incumbent. IljiJ. 31. 1578, 27 Oct. Thomas Tonstall, clerk, pres. by Henry, lord Crumwell, on death of Ralph Bradley.8 Compounded for first-fruits 14 Nov. Ibid. p. 41. 82. 1597, 15 December. Anthony Cade, clerk,h pres. by • Presented to Barton Blount in 1423,1444, and 1451. b Widow of John Blount, 3d lord Mountjoy, who d. 1485. " See the statement of the descent of advowson and manor in Nichols in. 7, where it is said wrongly that Brome or Broune was presented by William, lord Mountjoy. Dorothy was widow of this William, fourth lord Mountjoy, who died in 1535. * Student of Ch. Ch. Oxon. B.A' 1562, M.A. 1565-6. e No institution recorded. According to ihe statement in Nichols, the church was vacant by the cession of Hugh Pennington or Penling ton. Hayes was presented by the Crown in the minority of Edward, son and heir of Anthony Audrewes. The transactions by which the family of Andrewes obtained an interest in the advowson are given by Nichols. f Presented by John Blount esq. son of William, fourth lord Mountjoy, on res. of Philip Hayes. Edward Andrewes claimed the right of presentation : for details ot the suit see Nichols, u.s. Blount recovered the presentation. The Lincoln Liber Cleri, 1576, con tains the entry ' Balf Bradlie parson of Allaxton (£& i8s. 4d.,) resident, presented by John Blount, patron, and now the lord Cromwell; 50 yeres of age, married, ordered by Richard of St. Assaph Bisshop in Wales [Richard Davies, bp. of St. Asaph 1560-1, of St. Davids 1561-81,] meanlie learned but without judgment.' Blount's sale of the advowson to Andrewes and his re-sale of it to Henry, lord Cromwell, led to long litigation. B From this it appears that the Crown pres. in 1573 did not take effect. " Sizar Caius coll. Cambridge 1580-1, aet. 16 ; in corporated M.A. Oxon 1607 ; vicar of Billesdon 1599 ; rector of Grafton Under- woo d, Northants 1621; author of A Juitification of the Church of England, 1630, etc, 424 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Edward, lord Cromwell. Compounded for first-fruits 6 February, 1597-8.' Reg. xxx. fo. 74d., and Presentation deed, 1597, no. 49. 33. 1621, 21 December. John Biddle, clerk, B.A., pres. by Clement Tooky of Alaxton, g«nt., on cession of A.C. Compounded for first-fruits 18 December. Presentation deed, 1621, no. 15. 34. 1640-1, 15 January. Mountjoy Cradocke, clerk,b pres. by [Mountjoy Blount,] earl of Newport.0 Compounded for first-fruits 8 April 1642. Canterbury Bishops' certificates, 35. 1674, 22 Dec. William Noell, clerk, pres. by Henry Noell, esq. 36. 1710, 10 Nov. Thomas Peake, M.A.,d pres. by Juliana, countess of Burlington,6 on death of W. Noel. Eeg. xxxvi. fo. 142. 37. 1713-4, 13 Jan. Richard Smith, M.A., pres. by Juliana, dowager countess of Burlington, on death of T.P. Ibid. fo. 215. 38. 1762, 26 May. John Smith, M.A., pres. by lady Jane Boyle, on death of R.S. Reg. xxxix. fo. 5. 39. 1771, 9 Sept. James Dashwood, M.A.,' pres. by John Knight and George Watson of Whitchurch, Salop, gents. Ibid, fo. 164. 40. 1802, 7 Jan. Thomas Leigh Bennett, clerk, B.A., pres. by Robert Wilson of Didlington hall, Norfolk, esq., on cess, of J.D. Reg. XL. fo. 32. 41. 1814, 4 August. Henry Wilson, M.A.,S pres. by Robert Wilson, esq., on cess, of T.L.B. Ibid. fo. 202. 42. 1845, 15 May. George Ewing Winslow, D.D., pres. by Henry lord Berners, on res. of the same Henry. Peterborough Act-Book. - Details about Cade are given in the Libri Cleri for 1603 and 1614. He was ordained deacon by the bishop of Lincoln 4 July 1593, and was licensed to preach by the university of Cambridge 4 July 1598. He was dispensed to hold two livings by the archbishop, 4 June 1599, on the qualification of his degree of B.D. In 1603 he was returned as non-resident. In 1614 the patrons of the living are said to be the heirs of lord Mountjoy. b Of New coll. Oxon ; matric. 1631-2, aet. 21 ; B.A. 1633 ; rector of a mediety of Hallaton 1660; Wiccaraical preb. of Bargham in Chichester, 1669. Son of John Cradock, fellow of New College and Winchester, preb. of Selsey in Chichester 1609-41 and canon resi dentiary. c Admitted by Archbishop Laud, in the vacancy of the see of Lincoln. The Liber Cleri 1662 states that Cradocke was ordained deacon 30 March 1635, and priest 5 March 1636-7 by Walter [Curll,] bishop of Winchester, and was licensed to preach by the archbishop 6June 1637. He was non-resident. d Son of Thomas Peake of Laund abbey, esq. Of Magdalen hall, Oxon., matric. i 696 aet. 16 ; B.A. 1699-1700; M.A. 1702: vicar of Belgrave 1703. " Daughter and heir of the honble Henry Noel of North Luffenham, Rutland, second son of Bap tist, third viscount Campden. She married in 1687-8 Charles Boyle, who succeeded his father in 1694 as viscount Dungarvan and lord Clifford of Lanes- borough and his grandfather in 1698 as third earl of Cork and second earl of Burlington. She died in 1750, aet. 78. ' Of Queen's coll. Oxon, matric., 1758, aet. 19; B.A. Magd. coll. 1762 ; M.A. Magd. hall 1766 ; rector of Doddington, Cambs. and vicar of Long Sutton, Lines.; d. 1815. s Succeeded his brother as jth lord Berners, 1838; d. 1851. THE MANOR OF ALLEXTON. 425 48. 1862, 13 Nov. Thomas Butler, D.D., pres. by Henry William lord Berners," on death of G.E.W. Ibid. 44. 1870, 12 June. Harry Berners Upcher, B.A.,b pres. by Henry William lord Berners, on res. of T.B. Ibid. 45. 1877, 14 March. Thomas Norris, B.A., pres. by the honble Harry Tyrwhitt-Wilson of Keythorpe hall,c on cess, of H.B.U. Ibid. 46. 1890, 4 July. Hugh Parry,3 pres. by the honble Hany Tyrwhitt-Wilson of 11 Victoria square, London, on death of T.N. 1 6th lord Berners, d. 1871. * Rector of Dingley, Northants. 1876 ; of Ashwell, Rutland, 1889 98. c Eldest son of Emma Harriet, baroness Berners, niece of the 6th lord Berners. d Also vicar of Tugby from 1883. by by died died from from Dead Dead circa circa co. co. ofAllexton, ofAllexton, Outlawed. Leye Leye ton, ton, Curlieu Curlieu PEDIGREE PEDIGREE ist. ist. Fine Fine John John Stephen Stephen Rutland. Theobald Theobald Peter Peter Husband Husband co. co. 1362. 1362. John John andBraunston 1316. 1316. in in Close Close Patent Patent for for Pipe Pipe Fine Fine Pipe Pipe father father 29, 29, roll, roll, Hakelut=Alice=John Hakelut=Alice=John William William and and 1276. 1276. Pipe Pipe Leic. Leic. de de his his 1220. 1220. died died Hakelut Hakelut de de Carlton Carlton roll roll roll roll roll roll roll. roll. died died Nevill=Alice Nevill=Alice Halla- to to roll roll bailiwick bailiwick roll roll OF OF Nevill, Nevill, de de in in and ______died ______died 1212. 1212. the the 1220. April April I I April April Hakelut Hakelut Appointment Appointment then then NevilUCecily NevilUCecily 1208. 1208. 1374. 1212., 1212., Assumed Assumed " " died died aged aged and and | | I I Exchequer. I NEVILL NEVILL to to 1316 1316 22, 22, married married 14, 14, d. d. of of of of Alice, Alice, 1371, 1371, 16 16 has has hold hold Has Has after after Robert Robert 1250. 1250. the the 1326. 1326. daughter daughter in in his his a a letters letters to to forest. forest. bis bis Wardedieu Wardedieu quit-claim quit-claim Husband, Husband, as as alias alias 1316. mother's mother's William William 2nd. de de William William wife wife Relief Relief Forester. Forester. Hasculf Hasculf and and of of Curly. ATHELAKESTON." Peter Peter and and protection. protection. Patent Patent for for coheir coheir and and name name from from de de others. de de de de debts debts Nevill Nevill Margaret Margaret circa circa Athelak'eston=Christiana. Athelak'eston=Christiana. his his Athelakeston=Alice Athelakeston=Alice roll, roll, of of Stephen Stephen (2) (2) Nevill. Nevill. of of father father of of 1250. Stephen Stephen June June and and John John Wimeswold. Wimeswold. his his and and Margaret Margaret de de marks marks Adelakeston, Adelakeston, Fine Fine de de III III Nevill the the de de Nevill=Joan Nevill=Joan roll roll She She Nevill. Nevill. heirs heirs for for had had Ap. Ap. the the died died sister sister I died died of of been been William William 13, 13, lands, lands, sister sister William. William. 6 6 (3) (3) 21 21 of of Dec. Dec. 1216. 1216. Thomas Thomas Robert Robert died died Sept. Sept. Hugh Hugh enfeoffed enfeoffed &c., &c., of of de de 1273, I I in in Hugh Hugh John John aged aged Alice, Alice, 1302. 1302. of of Nevill. Nevill=Margaret de de de de The The 1326. her her in in Nevill Nevill Nevill. Nevill. 2 2 de de the the de de lands lands lands lands husband. in in Inq. Inq. Nevill Nevill Nevill, Nevill, 1326. wife wife p.m. in in in in (4) (4) of of Wimeswold Wimeswold Wimeswold Wimeswold Thomas Thomas gives gives Peter Peter John John de de 20 20 de de were were and and de de Nevill. Nevill H H held held PEDIGREE Boyvill Blount, manors In 1450, and ist in Nichols Allexton. John lord others, OF Mountjoy, Chiselden CHISELDEN.—Wright's by in. 1 whom pp. whodied 6 sold Inq. they Heir and then his P.M. 7. were to rights and Aug. aged his Fine conveyed She see grandmother i, 20 in William daughter 1474 died Stretton Mich. Allexton years Rutland seised March to died 1385. at de Sir and Enlefeld. Midi. in Burgh=Margaret. to p. Walter of John John vita 1445. heir. 1445, John Anne=Robert 24. both mains Chesilden= Chesilden=Elizabeth seised Anne Nichols Chiselden. was of a quotes her manor daughter daughter an in Allexton Inq. and P.M. and heir. called heir dated of Over 1427 Scarle. Hall shed ie n II. APPLE BY. [Wapentake and old rural deanery of Sparkenhoe. Modern rural deanery of Akeley, western division]. Forms of the name: D.B. Apelbi, Apleby, Apleberie. The forms Apelby, Apilby, Appelby, Appilby, are very general: Ap- pulby is the usuul 15tli and 16th century spelling. At the Domesday survey five ploughlands in Appleby, four of which were held by the abbey of Burton-on-Trent and one by the king, were worth 60s. Two ploughs were employed in the de mesne, and eight villeins and one bordar had one plough." Three other ploughlands, worth 20s., are stated to have been held by the countess Godiva. In the demesne were two ploughs, and eight villeins, with six bordars, had one plough.1" One plough- land also was held by Robert of Henry de Ferieres, worth twelve shillings: four sokemen had two ploughs, and there were three acres of meadow.* Nichols gives considerable particulars of the property of the abbey of Burton in Appleby. This property is described in the document known as the will of Wulfric Spot, the founder (c. 1004,) as ' the land which I bought with my money at Aeppelby.'d In the reign of Henry i. the abbot of Burton held twenty-four yard- lands in Appleby, and had three ploughs and twenty-four oxen on the demesne, There were two manors in Appleby, known respectively as Appleby Magna (Nether Appleby) and Appleby Parva (Over Appleby). Of these, Appleby Parva came to the Vernons of Haddon, co. Derby, by marriage with Margaret de Stockport, the great-granddaughter and co-heiress of Thurstan Banaster, in the thirteenth century. As the history of the Vernons has been fully written by Mr. Le Blanc Smith, it is necessary only to give the pedigree of the Banaster inheritance : Thurstan Banaster= Margaret, = Richard Fitz Roger* _ ____lady of Appleby | lord of Woodplumpton, Lancashire. Ma'ud=Robert de Avice=William de Margaret Quenilda=Roger Amisia Stockport Millom unm. Gernet or (Roger Pincerna Amiria= __ or Butler) Thomas j~ f of Warton in de Bethum Robert Margaret=William Amounderness, | de Lanes. Ralph de Vernon. Bethum. Quenilda, the fourth daughter of Margaret Banaster and Richard • Domesday Book, fo. 273, col. 2 (Derbyshire). h Ibid. 23id, col. 2. «Ibid. 233d, col. i. a Monasticon in. 37, 38. e Pipe Roll i John. THE MANOB OP APPLEBY. 429 Fitz-Rogcr, died in 1251, seised inter alia of a burgage and a waste place in Lancaster, for which she had exchanged a quarter of the manor of Appleby. As her heirs were sir Ralph de Bethura and Robert de Stockport, both of full age,a she probably left no issue surviving. Among the Lytham charters preserved at Durham', however, together with charters of her husband and herself, 'Quen- ildn, wife of Roger, the lady of Warton', are those of a son, ' Richard the Butler, son of Quenilda of Warton,' and of his son Eustace, 'son of Richard the butler of Warton.'b Both these must have predeceased her. | The descent of the manor of Appleby Parva comes into promin ence in connexion with the advowson of the church. In 4 Eliza beth (1561—1562) it was acquired by the Griffins of Braybrooke, co. Northampton. It was sold by sir Edward Griffin to Charles Moore in 41 Elizabeth (1598—1599) and has remained in the family of the purchaser until the present day. The manor of Appleby Magna is of greater interest to us. It was held by the family of Appleby ; and, although no pedigree can be considered correct unless an authentic reference can be given to prove each descent, it may be claimed for the pedigree given here •that it is more accurate than the one printed by Nichols (iv. 442,) or that in Glover's history of Derbyshire. Burton says ol the Appleby family that many lie entombed in the Church, and gives their arms as ' Azure, six martlets or, three, two and one.'0 Their manor-house remains to-day not far from the church, with its dove- house and outbuildings: the site is moated, but no part of the present building is earlier than the later part of the fifteenth century at earliest. Some carved stones built into the wall above a large fireplace may be of earlier date ; but their detail indicates that they are merely imitations of twelfth-century work and are probably not earlier than the reign of Elizabeth. The relieved 'inscription' built into the same wall, and reproduced, with the other carvings, in Nichols from not very accurate drawings, has baffled all skilled interpreters, although very clearly cut: the con clusion to which the present writer has come, after close examin ation and much coneultation, is that the resemblance to a cursive inscription is intentionally deceptive, and that the carver eithe " Gal. Inq. p.m. I. 64 (no. 253) cf. Cal. Fine Rolls. b See C. H. Hunter Blair, Durham Seals (Aichaeol. Ael. 3d. ser. vn. 59, nos. 498—501). A deed of Margaret Banestre occurs in the same collection (ibid. vn. 20, no. 146.) There are also charters of Ralph de Betham (ibid. vn. 30. no. 232 Roger Gernet (ibid. Vm. 124, no. 1070,) Quenilda, daughter of Richard Fitz-Roger (ibid. ix. 188, no. 1580, and xi. 255, no. 2077,) Amiria. daughter of Richard Fitz-Roger (ibid, xi. 255, no. 2078,) and Richard Fitz Roger (ibid. xr. 260, no. 2110). See alfo V.C H. Lanes, i. 368; in. 53. c The arms occur on the seal of Edmund de Ap pleby to a charter in 1325 (Durham Seals, ut sup. vii. 13, no. 81.) They are illustrated ibid, plate 7. They were in a. window of Smisby church, co. Derby, noted by Wyrley in 1596 (Cox, Chh. of Derbyshire HI. 456.) 480 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. employed symbols to which he alone held the key, or merely cat the shapes at random to puzzle the credulous, probably in the sixteenth century. William de Appleby is said to have been living here about 1166 ; but the first authentic bearer of the name was Waleran de Appleby, placed by Nichols c. 1170. Waleran witnessed a grant by Ralph de Seille to William de Noreis late in the reign of Henry n.a His son Robert was witness to a charter of Ralph, son of Ralph de Seille, granting a virgate in Seal to the abbot and convent of Mere- vale, temp. Richard i. Tbe same Robert also witnessed two charters of Luciau de Deserto of Seal, granting a meadow to the same abbey and part of his wood at Seal to the church of St. George of Gresley and the canons there.b In 1199 Nicholas de Appelbi is mentioned in the Pipe roll for that year." In the same year Geoffrey Vunithering asked for two virgates of land in Appleby, which had been taken into the king's hand for Geoffrey's default against Roger Crassusd; and in 1201—2 Roger Crassus demanded two virgates of laud against Everard de Apelbi and Amisia his wife, of which Roger's father William had been seised temp. Richard i. The defendants denied Roger's right and William's seisin, as the land was the inheritance of Edith, Amisia's mother, who had married William Crassus, and they pleaded that William had no other entry or right in the land than by Edith.8 It thus appears that Amisia was Edith's daughter by a previous marriage. By default,of Everard and Amisia the land was taken into the king's baud, and at Michaelmas 1204 Geoffrey Fitz Piers, the justiciar, signified to the justices that they asked for their land by plevin.' Nicholas and Everard seem to have been younger sons; and the Robert de Apelbi, who occurs at Easter 1208 as pledge for a fine concerning certain tenements in Seal, is probably the Robert of the Gresley charters. At any rate, this Robert had a son, William de Appelbi, who was a co-witness to the charter of Lucian de Deserto to the church of Gresley.8 The date of this charter is quite uncertain, as William, parson of Seal, who also witnessed it, was certainly instituted before 1191, and probably in the vacancy of the see of Lincoln between 1184 and 1186, and was still rector c. 1220—30.h William de Appleby occurs also as a witness to four other charters concerning land in Seal, to three of which, granted to Mcrevale abbey, William, the rector of Seal, was also a witness.1 In Testa de Nevill William de Appleby is named as holding a quarter of a knight's fee in Appleby of the earl Ferrers.k The a Gresley Charters, no. 9. * Ibid. nos. 18, 32. 34. « See p. 369. above. J Curia Regis roll 18, m. 10. ' Pipe Roll 3 John, m. 10, * Curia Regis roll 32, m. 4. ' Gresley Charters, no. 34. •> Rot. Hug. Welles (Cant, and York Soc.) i. 250. ' Gresley Charters, nos. 33, 42, 49, 52. * Testa de Nevill (Record Comm.) p. 95. THE MANOR OF APPLEBY. 431 genealogy of the family, however, becomes at this point exceedingly puzzling; and it is not at all clear whether we can identify the William son of Robert de Appleby, of the beginning of the thirteenth century, with the Willam de Appleby who at Hilary 1259—60 was the subject of an assize brought by his sister Clem- ence and her husband William Charnells against the ahbess of Polesworth concerning a virgate and a fifth of land in Snarestone. It was found that William de Appleby was not seised of the premises in demesne as of fee at his death, for, eight days before he died, he had enfeoffed the abbess of them by charter." His death tooit place before 1253, when William le Sauvage claimed custody of Henry de Appleby, his son and heir, from Walter de Bereford, oji the ground that William de Appleby had held his land in Seal and Appleby by knight-service of Geoffrey le Snuvage, whose kinsman and heir William le Sauvage was.1" Walter de Bereford was possibly a half-brother of William de Appleby; for Clemence Charnells appears, from a charter printed by Nichols, by which Symon de Bereford gave with her, his daughter, in frank marriage to William Charnells the land which he had acquired from various proprietors in Snarestone,0 to have been the daughter of Symon de Bereford by the mother who, by a second marriage, became the mother of William de Appleby. We shall return to Henry tie Appleby when other thirteenth-century bearers of his surname ha\e been considered. 1. Two charters, between 1230 and 1232, are witnessed by Geoffrey de Appleby. One of these is a grant by Banulf de Blundevill, earl of Chester and Lincoln, to the church of the Holy Trinity and the canons of Repton, which was also witnessed by William de Veruon, justice of Chester, the husband of the heiress of Appleby Parva.d The other is a quit-claim of tithe to the abbot and convent of Burton from Thomas, rector of Appleby, and was witnessed by sir Geoffrey de Appleby.0 This Geoffrey, who may have been a younger brother of William de Appleby, had a son James, who was defendant in a suit concerning nine acres of land in Appleby brought by William, son of Matthew de Appleby, of whom more hereafter, at Easter 1262.f There exists also an agree ment between James the son of sir Geoffrey de Appleby and Roger Faber, by which James granted to Roger hnlf an acre in Appleby Parva for the term of twenty years, lying between the land of William Huclyn and that of Richard le Harper. As one of the witnesses was Thomas d' Aundevill (or de Andely,) rector of Appleby, the date of the charter appears to lie between 1234 and 1268; while, as another was Henry son of William de Appleby, » Assize roll 456. m. id. Cf. Dugdale, Antiq. Warw. ed. Thomas, n. 1108. b Curia Regis roll 148, m. 9. r Nichols iv. 981* d Derbyshire Charters, no. 1954. ' Ibid. no. 48. ' Assize roll 954, m. 43d. 432 LEICESTERSHIEE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. who apparently was a minor in 1253, it is confined to the later part of the same period, and to 1265 at latest, the year of James de Appleby's death. An inquisition held on 12 Octoher 1265 found that the land of sir James de Appleby in Appleby was seized by Ralph (? Robert,) earl of Derby, because he was in the .service of sir Nicholas de Segrave. It was worth five shillings yearly, and there was no Michaelmas rent, because all was in demesne." On October in the same year, a grant was made to Isabel, wife of James de Appleby, of the manors of Whisseudine, co. Rutland, and Tathwell, co. Lin coln, late of her said husband, to hold in tenancy for her mainten ance.1" She seems to have married, as her second husband, William le Bret; for, in a fine levied in 1288—9, Geoffrey, son of Geoffrey de Appleby, and presumably the younger brother and heir of James, is found as defendant of lands in Appleby and in co. Lincoln of Geoffrey's inheritance, which were held in dower by Isabel, wife of William le Bret." At Hilary 1289—90 Isabel and William were summoned to recognise what claim they had in a virgate and a half of land, six acres of meadow and eight shillings rent in Appleby, which Geoffrey son of Geoffrey de Appleby granted in court to Florio Cruel of Tridino by a fine.*1 From this point this younger branch of the family can be traced no further. 2. A second William de Appleby appears in 1243, while William, presumably the son of Robert, was still alive. The facts, however, clearly show that the two men cannot be identified, and it may be said at once that this is a case in which one must beware of the theory that such forms as ' de Appleby,' occurring in Latin and French documents, but purely hybrids if used in English, have always a special territorial significance or can be confined to members of a single family. That such a limited application is helpful, as regards the thirteenth century, is possible; for at this date local surnames were used much less indiscriminately than at a later period. The present example shows, however, that they were used in the first half of the thirteenth century by families in manors who were not related to the owners, as became the general custom in later times. While we find a villein known as Robert of Appleby, the second William of Appleby's actual surname was Hugelin or Huclyn, and his family cannot be connected by any proof of relationship with the ruling house of Appleby. A suit arose at Trinity 1243 between Lettice, widow of Hugh de Sumervill, and William de Appelby, concerning a messuage and two and a half virgates of land in Appleby, which Lettice claimed as her right and inheritance.' Her plea at Easter 1244 was that Q Misc. Inq. no. 6g6 : Hundred of Repton. * Gal. Pat. Rolls 1258—66, p. 467. c Feet of Fines : mixed counties, 17 Edw. i. d De Banco roll 81, m/3id. e Curia Regis roll 130, m. 22d. THE MANOR OF APPLEBY. 433 William had no entry except by one Matthew Hugelin, to whom the premises had been demised by her husband Hugh de Somervill, in whose lifetime she could not withstand. William de Appleby de nied that Matthew Hugelin, who was his father, had entry of the premises by the demise as stated; but said that he had it by two separate enfeoffments. Matthew Dispenser, the father of Lettice, had another daughter and co-heiress Agnes, who enfeoffed Matthew Hugelin of three parts of a virgate of land and half a messuage by a charter which William produced. Lettice married Henry Huge lin, and after his death enfeoffed Henry's son Matthew Hugelin of the rest of the land. In her answer, Lettice denied that Agnes her sister was ever in seisin of the land granted by her charter to Matthew Hugelin. Agnes herself, in the lifetime of her father Matthew Dispenser, married a villein of the abbey of Burton named Robert de Appleby, and therefore excluded herself from her share in her father's heri tage, of which Lettice thus became sole heir. As for her own en- leoffment of Matthew Hugelin, she denied giving him entry, as she married Hugh de Somervill, her second husband, in her father's lifetime and before his inheritance came to her : Matthew's right of entry therefore, as stated before, came by demise of Hugh." This suit produces the following pedigree : Matthew Dispenser= (i) Henry Hugelin=Lettice=(2) Hugh de Agnes=Robert de Appleby, Somervill a Villein. Matthew Hugelin= William de Appleby. Robert of Appleby the villein, if villein he was, may be dismissed without comment: there is obviously nothing to be gained from. him. Nor is there any certain connexion between the Hugelins and the Applebys. William Hugelin's father is called Matthew de Appleby in the notice of a suit, already mentioned, for nine acres of land bought by William against James de Appleby in 1262.b This, however, proves no relationship. William Huclyn was wit ness, with Henry de Appleby and others, to an undated charter by which Roger Pescher of Appleby granted to Peter Pescher his son a virgate of land in Appleby of the fee of Seal which Ralph de la More formerly held." This Peter Pescher married William Huc- lyn's daughter Lucy, with whom her father granted in frank marriage a messuage on the, opposite side of the road to his house.d On 21 November 1274 William Hulyn of Appleby came before the king and asked for replevin of his land in Appleby which, on 1 Ibid. I34A. m. 143. » Assize roll 954, m. 43d. • Hastings MSSJ a Ibid. 434 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. account of his default against Roger Lestrange, had heen taken into the king's hand." He may have died hefove 1278—9, when, on 12 March, Matthew son of William de Appelby, imprisoned at Leicester upon the charge of murdering Emery of Seal (de Shele,) had letters to the sheriff granting him the privilege of bail.b Of Matthew we hear nothing more ; hut Peter le Pescher, probably the husband of William Huclyn's daughter, was defendant at Trinity 1304 in a fine between him and Robert de Herle regarding 22 acres of land in Appleby.0 In the Lay Subsidy roll for 1327, Richard Pescher was assessed at eighteenpence in the manor of Appleby Parva ; but he does not appear in the roll for 1332. Peter Pecher, in an undated charter among the Hastings MSS., is the grantee of a grange and the moiety of a cottage in Appleby with a toft, croft and a virgate of land, one rood of which lay by the said Peter's garden, extending as far as the land which was of sir James de Appleby. The date is therefore later than 1265, which, as we have seen, was the year of sir James' death. It is possible, however, that William Huclyn did not die till aftert 1278—9. He was alive, at any rate, in 1278, if this is the correc. datefor a charter of agreement between thepriorandconvent of Rep ton and the parishioners of Measham concerningrepairstothechan" eel of the church of Measham, to which sir Adam de Montalt, lord of Measham, was one witness, and William Hugelyn of Appleby an other.d On 6 February 1291—2 Robert de Pynkeney, knight, ack nowledged a debt of £8, to be levied upon his lands and chattels iii co. Northampton, to Henry de Appleby and Gilbert son of William8; but whether the William of 1288 and this Gilbert were father and son, or whether they were Huclyns or not, is impossible to say. 3. An inquisition taken 27 June 1313 found that William de Appelby, otherwise called de Herle, held a quarter of a knight's fee in Appleby of John de Hastynges the elder.5 The same return was made to the writ of certiorari defeo/hs, 27 January 1324—5, on the death of John de Hastynges, lord of Abergavenny.g William de Herle, however, had nothing to do with the Appleby family : his chief property lay in Northumberland. He appears to have died on 8 March 1346—7. Among his Leicestershire property, however, to which his son Robert de Herle was heir, is returned 20s. rent held of the abbot of Burton by fealty.h We have seen that Henry de Appleby, the son and successor of William de Appleby, was a minor in 1253. Nichols says that this Henry gave lands in Seal to the abbot and convent of Merevale, whom he acquitted of the dower of his mother, Margery Tochet, • Gal. Close Rolls 1272—9, p. 136. b Ibid. p. 523. ° Feet of Fines, Leicester . d Derbyshire Charters, no, 1961: cf. Cox, Clili. of Derbyshire HI. 446. ' Cal. Close Rolls 1288—96, p. 255. f Cal. Inq. p.m. V. 235 (no. 412). s Ibid, vi. 389 (no. 612). h Ibid. ix. 20 (no 39). THE MANOR OF APPLEBY. 435 arising from a mill in Seal. The date of his death is unknown. Presumably, however, he is the sir Henry de Appleby, knight, who by a deed dated 25 September 1278 released to William son of Philip de Scheyle and his heirs, for the payment of twenty shillings, the suit of his court which fell due every three weeks, except two yearly appearances at his court at Appleby at Michaelmas and Easter.8 He was dead, however, in 1287, when Henry son of Henry de Appleby was defendant iu a fine respecting the advowson of the church of Appleby to which reference will be made later. The second Henry remained in possession of his inheritance until about 1319. In 1292 he granted to Peter Peycher, son of Roger Peycher, whom we have already met, a virgate with a messuage in his demesne in Appleby.b On 18 February 1291—2 he acknow ledged a debt of £42 to William le Pesshuner of Northampton, to be levied, in default of payment, upon his lands and goods in co. Leicester0; and on 14 June 1294, he was creditor to the amount of £86, owed by John de Ripariis, to be levied similarly upon John's lands and chattels in co. Southampton.11 Henry de Appleby, knight, was a witness in 1302 to a quit-claim of any right in the manors of Appleby [Parva] and Haddon, granted by Michael de Hartacla to Richard de Vernou, his heirs and assigns.8 On 21 October 1306 he and his heirs had a grant of free warren in all their demesne lands in Spytelsheyle (i.e. Overseal).* At Michaelmas 1310 the sheriff was ordered to take forty shillings from the goods and chattels of Henry de Appleby, knight, throughout the liberty of the honour of Lancaster, for a debt which he owed to the prior of St. John of Jerusalem in England.8 At Hilary 1308—9 Henry de Appleby sued William Wymund of Seal in a plea of having made waste and destruction, to Henry's disinheritance, of land, houses, woods, gardens, etc., which had been demised to the said William in Seal for the term of his life.h In 1312 he was witness to a charter granted to the prior and convent of Repton1; and at Hilary 1317—8 he was defendant in a plea of four marks brought by Robert de Charneles, rector of Swepstone.k Henry de Appleby was dead by Michaelmas 1318, when his executors sued Robert de Stauuton for a debt, appointing Roger de Norton their attorney.1 The executors were Henry de Norton, John de Overton and Richard de Twyford, chaplain. Henry de Norton and John de Overton may be identified with witnesses whose names appear in the-charter of Henry de Appleby to Peter Peycher in 1292, already mentioned. » Charter at Wyggeston's hospital, Leicester. b Hastings MSS. • Gal. Close Rolls 1288—96, p. 256. a Ibid. p. 389. ' Belvoir MSS. (Royal Histor. Comm.) iv. 28. ' Col. Charter Rolls in. 72. 8 De Banco roll 183, m. 140. 6 Ibid. 174, ra. 2iod. ' Derbyshire Charters, p. 249. k De Banco roll 221, tn. 258d. 1 De Banco roll 231, attorneys. 436 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. His heir was his son, Edmund de Appleby, who, in a plea con cerning the advowson of the church of Appleby in 1325, definitely stated that Henry de Appleby (i.e. the elder Henry) was his grand father.11 In the same year (3 June 1325) William de Appleby held a quarter of a knights fee in Appleby, value 50s., which occurs among the fees belonging to John de Hastynges, tenant-in-chief, to be delivered as dower to Juliana, late his wife.b William de Appleby, presumably the same person, and John de Melbouru ac knowledged on 26 February 1326—7 a debt of £30 to Henry Prodomme, citizen of London, to be levied upon their lauds and chattels in co. Leicester.0 William, however, if he was of the same family, did not stand in the direct line of inheritance. On 3 June 1327 Edmund de Appleby, knight, was fellow debtor with Hugh de Audleye, knight, to William Melton, archbishop of York, in a sum of £40, to be levied on their lands in co. Gloucester.4 Edmund and his wife Joan, at Hilary 1330—1, gave four marks for licence to agree with Simon de Norton in a plea of covenant concerning five messuages, three virgates and 22 acres of land, 22 acres of meadow, 60 acres of wood and 30 acres of furze and heath in Stretton-en-le-Field, and 14 messuages, two mills, 15 virgates of land and lls. 6d. rent in Nether and Over Seal, Oakthorpe and Stretton, and four marks for tenements in Appleby Magua and Parva and Atterton, a third part of the manor of Atterton, and nine messuages, a mill, six virgates of land, 15 acres of meadow, ten acres of pasture and sixpence rent in both Applebys and Measham.6 By the consequent fine, dated at Easter following, the premises were entailed upon Edmund, Joan and their issue, with remainder, in default of issue, to John, brother of Edmund, and his issue.' Two acknowledgements of debts in the name of Edmund de Appleby are found on 9 February 1P28—9 and 10 January 1329— 30, the first of £100 to the Crown, to be levied in co. Northampton ; the second of £20 to Simon de Berefonl.tobe levied in cos. Leicester and Derby.6 Sir Edmund de Appleby, knight, and John his sou wit nessed a quit-claim of land in Willesley and Packington, enrolled at Hilary 1333—4 by John, son of Henry Wyschard of Osbastou.h At Michaelmas 1336 Edmund sued Richard de Belton, formerly his bailiff in Osbaston, in a plea of accounts.1 From 1340 to 1344 we meet Edmund in connexion with William of Leicester, abbot of Merevale, whose convent had a grange and land in Seal. The abbot, at Michaelmas 1340, appointed Henry de Appleby or John de Neuton as his attorney against Edmund de Appleby in a plea of detention of cattle.k On 9 October 1342 the abbot appointed " Ibid. 257, m. 255. b Cal. Close Hulls 1323—7, p. 433. c Ibid. 1327—30, p. 97. A Ibid. p. 200. e De Banco roll 284, m. 255. ' Feet of Fines> Leicester. B Cal, Close Rolls 13 7—30. pp. 529, 593. h De Banco roll 297" attorneys. ' Ibid. 308. k Ibid. 324, attorneys. ' THE MANOR OF APPLEBY. 437 attorneys to deliver seisin of a toft and meadow-land called Busse- welle to Edmund and dame Joan his wife"; and at Hilary 1313—4 Edmund de Appleby, chivaler, sued Simon de Norton to acquit him of the service which the abhot of Merevale demanded for the free tenement in Overseal held by Edmund of Simon as intermediary between him and the abbot.b Edmund de Appleby, knight, with five others, acknowledged on 13 August 1345 a debt of £440 to John de Gynewell, clerk, a member of the household of the earl of Lancaster, who two years later became bishop of Lincoln. This was to be levied, in default of payment, in co. Leicester0. Next year, the year of Crecy, Edmund, for a fine of eight marks, was remitted his assessment of a mail at arms and an archer in cos. Gloucester and Leicester, the fine to pay the expenses of a hobeler and an archer.d On 9 October 1350 Edmund de Appleby, knight, and John Waleys, knight, acknow ledged a debt of £544, to be levied in co. Leicester, to Henry earl of Lancaster.6 In the same year John Charnels, another clerk in the earl's household, recovered seisin of a free tenement consisting of 19 acres of land, three acres of meadow and the third part of a messuage in Donisthorpe, which he had of the demise of Edmund de Appleby, chivaler, and Hugh Gednell.f On 28 March 1351 Edmund de Appleby, knight, was one of the Leicestershire commissioners ordered to limit the collection of wheat and other victuals for the provisioning of Calais to 200 car cases of oxen and 200 bacon hogs.8 At Trinity in the same year an inquisition was ordered to examine into the question of the wardship of John, son and heir of Thomas Wychard, which, it was said, had been demised to Edmund de Appleby, chivaler, by Robert de Twyford, chivaler, until John came of age : the jury, twelve men of the vicinity of Newbold Verdon, were to have no affinity with Edmund or with Elizabeth de Burgh.h According to Nichols, Edmund de Appleby died about 1375. After 1351 the documentary evidence with regard to him is rather scanty. He and Edmund de Appleby the younger, knight, wit nessed on 24 June 1357 a grant of two messuages and two virgates of land in Netherseal, made by William Oky to Hugh de Hopewas, rector of Clifton Campville, co. Stafford.1 On 24 February 1369— 70 a grant of certain lands in Netherseal, made by sir Richard de Stafford, knight, lord of Clifton Campville, to the same Hugh, canon of Lichfield, in which church he held the prebend of Cur- borough, was witnessed by Edmund de Appleby, knight, and John his son;k while sir Edmund and sir John were again witnesses to • Gresley Charters. b De Banco roll 357, m. 106. c Cal. Close Rolls 1343—6, p. 645. d Cal. Fine Bolls v. 511. ' Cal. Close Bolls 1349—54, p. 266. ' Assize roll 1443. e Cal. Close Rolls 1349—54. p. 294, " De Banco roll 366, m. 137. ' Gresley Charters. k Ibid. 438 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. the charter by which, on 13 December 1373, Hugh dc Hopewas conveyed the two messuages which he had acquired in 1357 to sir John de Hopewas and others.1 Meanwhile, at the Lichfield assizes in 1368, a jury of the hundred of Totmonslow, co. Stafford, had presented Edmund de Appleby, chivaler, John his son, William de Spaldyng and others unknown, for a felony committed at Horning- low on 20 September 1366, when they had robbed Thomas de Ilkeston, merchant, of a pack of woollen cloth worth forty marks and of 25 marks in gold and silver. A writ, dated 2 February 1368—9, ordered Richard de Stafford to return the indictment into the court of king's bench ; and at Easter 1369 Edmund and John surrend ered themselves for trial and were released on bail. Subsequently, John of Gaunt interceded for them, aud their pardon was granted by letters patent dated 16 May 1370, which were produced in court two years later.0 In or about 1371 Edmund was appointed upon the commission of the peace and of oyer and terminal1 in Leicestershire, together with John of Gaunt and others ; but by letters close of 12 Decem ber 1371 he was discharged of his office on the ground that he must needs be occupied with other and more difficult business, and the duke of Lancaster and his fellows were ordered to proceed without him.h At Easter in the same year he had been summoned by Ralph, earl of Stafford, in a plea of 100 marks.0 If he was not of John of Gaunt's actual household, be stood well in his favour; and we have seen that at an earlier date he was in financial relations with the house of Lancaster and its clerks. It is noteworthy that, of the four men who stood bail for his release from custody in 1369, one, Simon Pakeman, was a member of the duke of Lancaster's privy council; while Godfrey Foljambe the younger, who was a surety on the same occasion for John de Appleby, belonged to a family which was in close relation with the same prince. Ed mund de Appleby, knight, was a witness with John of Gaunt and others to a grant on Saturday after Ascension day 1369, by which Walter Blount devised the site, etc., of his manor of Hazle- wood, co. Derby, to Godfrey Foljambe, knight, Auiva his wife, their heirs and. assigns. Letters of John of Gaunt, dated from ' nostre loge de Briddesuest ' (probably Birdsnest, near Kirby Muxloe) 29 July 1372, order the receiver of the honour of Tutbury to pay forty marks to ' nostre bien ame chivaler monsire Esmon de Appelby.'d This was by way of loan for the war. Ou 27 September following only ten marks had been repaid, and the receiver was ordered to secure the remainder by withholding i'20 from the annuity which the duke had granted him out of the issues of the honour.8 In " Ibid. b Coram Rege roll 433, m. tyd. « Cal C.o.v R ills 1369—74, p. 342. d De Banco roll 442, in. 67. ' John nf Gaunt's R-gister, ed. Armitage- Smith (Camden Soc. 3d. ser.) i. 182. ' Ibid. n. 146. THE MANOR OF APJ?LEBY. 439 this second lett* he is called ' nostre tres cher bachelor '; and it is certainly doubtful whether the reference is to the older or the younger Edmund. Indeed, as the terms of the letters removing Edmund de Appleby from the commission of the peace in 1371 imply that the business in which he was engaged was active busi ness which involved his absence from the county, they may indi cate that he was occupied in affairs relating to the wars with France ; and therefore the younger Edmund may be meant, as his father was by this time an old man. If there is some likelihood of confusion between the two Ed munds, father and son, it seems at any rate that the elder sir Ed mund had two sons, sir Edmund and sir John; and, from the documents already cited in which sir Edmund and John his son appear in company, the elder sir Edmund was alive in 1373. Do cuments, therefore, which refer to Edmund de Appleby without any distinction of ' the elder ' or ' the younger,' cannot be taken, during the father's lifetime, to imply unquestionably the son. The father seems to have been still living in 1375—6, when Adomar Taveruer was attached to answer Edmund de Appleby in a plea of breaking his free warren at Seal on 1 August 1369, and without his leave hunting therein and taking away thence six pheasants, twenty partridges, ten hares and twenty rabbits taken with bow and arrow.3 If Nichols' statement that the elder Edmund died about 1375 is founded upon definite evidence or is more than a probability, Edmund de Appleby, knight, summoned to parliament in April 1376 as one of the knights of the shire for co. Derby, was probably Edmund the son ; while his father must have died about this time. On 10 July 1376 the sheriff of the county was ordered to levy a rate upon the commons of the shire to pay the expenses of their two representatives for their journey to and from Westminster and for their stay there, amounting to four shillings a day each for eighty days, £32 in all.b A similar writ of expenses was directed on 16 November 1378 to the sheriff of Leicester in favour of Ed mund de Appleby, knight, and Thomas de Erdyngton, knight, the members for Leicestershire at the Gloucester parliament of Oct ober—November 1378 : the amount this time was £13 12s. Od., covering 34 days at the usual rate." Edmund Appleby, on 2 Nov ember 1376, was associated in a commission with Ralph Basset of Drayton, William Flamvyle, John Talbot anil Lawrence Hauberk to inquire into the perpetrators of the murder of a man and woman at Rearsby.d A breach of the free warren of Edmund de Appleby, chivaler, at Measham occurs again at Trinity 1380;e and at Hilary 1380—1 Edmund brought a suit for damage at Appleby Parva against * De Banco roll 461. m. 125. h Cat. Close Bolls 1374—7, P- 428. c Ibid. 8i, p. 221. ' Ibid. 1374—71 p- 468. " De Banco roll 479, m. 137. 440 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Nicholas, son of Henry le Warde of the same place." At Easter 1882 he sued John, sou of Roger de Appleby, for stealing one of his horses.b This John may possibly have been the son of Roger Gilbert of Appleby, who, with his brother John and William Heude of Snarestone and Margery his wife, claimed in 1343—4 a right in twelve acres of land in Appleby, which John, sou of Elias de Appleby, had conveyed to Henry de Appleby by a fine.0 During the next seventeen years Edmund de Appleby, chivaler or kuight, was plaintiff in a large number of pleas. John, son of Robert de Staunton, and others were appealed at Michaelmas 1382 for break ing his close at Worthington.d Herman Fauconer of Rugeley was defendant at Michaelmas 1386 in a plea of accounts.6 At Michael mas 1388 Thomag Mygners or Myners was sued for the recovery of a debt of £40 for which he had given his bond at Appleby in 1386.' Myners had leased the manor of Blakenall, co. Stafford, to Edmund for five years : this manor was forcibly occupied by William de Asshe of Barton-under-Needwood and two others, who were summoned at Easter 1389 for withholding the issues and carrying away Edmund's goods to the value of £20.g Myners' debt was not paid till Trinity 1393, when he was released from prison on the acknowledgement of the payment by hiscreditors. h Breach of free warren at Overseal is the subject of a plea at Easter 1390.1 Another debt of £40 was claimed at Michaelmas 1394 from William Tyrry of Oakthorpe and Alice his wife, formerly the wife of William de &'heylek; while Thomas Myners at Easter 1395 was again a debtor, this time for £20.' At Trinity 1396 Edmund sued John Kynston of Oakthorpe for a chest con taining various title-deeds™; and pleas of debt were bought by him at Trinity 1399 against John Pollare of Measham and John Stauu- ford of Tamworth, draper.™ Here mentions of Edmund de Appleby's personal activities cease, and he may have died about 1400. His wife is said to have been Agnes, daughter of sir Alvery de Suluey,0 by whom he appears to have had two sous and a daughter, Margaret, who married sir Nicholas Longford of Longford, co. Derby.p Of the sons, Edmund de Appleby the younger, son of Edmund de Appleby, chivaler, occurs at Michaelmas 13i)2 in a plea of accounts, as plaintiff against John Youge of Burton on-Trent, wight.q Edmund, son of sir Edmund de Appleby, knight, was one of the grantees to whom Robert, son of John de Brewod, conveyed land in Netherseal on 1 July 1402.r At Hilary 1402—3 he brought a plea for forty marks * Ibid. 481, m. 379. b Ibid. 485, m. I72d. ' Ibid. 337, m. 106. d Ibid. 487, m. gid. * Ibid. 503, m. j6d. * Ibid.511, m. ii3d. I Ibid. 513, m. 188. h Ibid. 511, m. ii3d. ' Ibid. 517, m. 182. k Ibid. 535, m. 129. ' Ibid. 537, m. 7d. m Ibid. 542, m. 205. n Ibid. 554,m. 81. ° Cox, C'/i/i. of Derbyshire in. 188. P Ibid. i De Banco roll 527, m. 67d. * Gresley Charters. THE MANOR OF ALLEXTON. 441 against NicholastHarte." He was witness in 1405 to a charter by which John Brewode and Simon Nel granted land which they had acquired from Robert Cartwryght to Richard Cartvvryght his son and heir, and in 1406 he was the lessee of property from Richard Cartwryght.b Here, however, we lose sight of him ; and if, as seems probable, he was the elder son, he either died in his father's lifetime, assuming sir Edmund the second to have lived later than 1400, or held his inheritance for only a few years after his father's death, dying without issue. It is certain, however, that Thomas Appleby, presumably an other son of sir Edmund the second, had seisin of the manor before 1412, either as elder son upon his father'fr death, or as younger brother and next heir on the death of his brother. Thomas was dead by Michaelmas 1412, when his widow Joan claimed a third part of the manor of Over Appleby (i.e. Appleby Parva) as her dower against Richard Vernon.0 The rights of the Applebys in Appleby Parva Lave not appeared hitherto; but they may be in ferred from the interest claimed by the Applebys in the advowson of the church, and we shall meet them later. Thomas' son, John, was probably young at this time and his name is first found as witness to an Appleby charter in 1415.d At Michaelmas 1416 Joan, the widow of Thomas, sued John, son of Robert Taillour of Shackerstone, for ten marks, and John Pescher of Nether Appleby, husbandman, for forty shillings.6 The duration of John Appleby's tenure of the manor is quite uncertain. At Michaelmas 1420 he brought a suit for damage to his herbage at Strettou-en-le-Field, value £10, against John Max- stoke of Stretton, husbandman'; and at Michaelmas 1422 occur pleas brought by John Appleby, esq., against John son of Richard of Auston, co. Derby, husbandman, for £39, and Robert Chaloner of Chesterfield, baker, for £29.g A plea for 17 marks was entered by him at Michaelmas 1429 against John Bromley of Yoxall, co. Stafford.11 At Hilary 1431—2, John Appleby of Appleby, esq., was assessed at 20s. for a fortieth of a knight's fee in Measham and Appleby, and for half a fee in the manor of Chilcote.1 At Michaelmas following he brought a plea for 14 marks against Mar garet, widow of John Trussell, knight, of Gayton, co. Northampton.11 It was also presumably this same John Appleby, who, on 22 July 1447, entered into a bond for £100 to Nicholas Longford, knight, undertaking to abide by an award of John Portyngton, justice of the common bench, respecting a disputed title to a quarter of the manor of Newton Solney, co. Derby.1 Sir Nicholas Longford was a De Banco roll 568, m. 165. b Gresley Charters. c De Banco roll 607, m. 484. d Charter at Wyggeston's hospital, Leicester. • De Banco roll 623, m. 44. ' Ibid. 639. m. 239. 6 Ibid. 647, m. 37. h Ibid.675, m. 536. > Inq. Knights' Fees, ed. Pym Yeatman, p. 504. k De Banco roll 687, m. 4823. 1 Derbyshire Charters, no. 1763. 442 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. husband of Margery, sister and co-heiress of sir John Sulney of Newton"; and John Appleby was related, as we have seen, to tbe Sulueys through Agues, wife of sir Edmund Appleby the second, and to the Longfords through Margaret, daughter of the same sir Edmund and wife of sir Nicholas Longford, who died in 1402. In 1469, Edmund Appleby, kinsman and heir of John Appleby, esq., was a minor whose marriage had been granted to George duke of Clarence. The duke sued Humphrey Peshall of Kuightley, co. Stafford, esq., and Joan Appleby of Donisthorpe, widow, for abduc ting Edmund from Appleby.b The name of Joan's husband does not appear, but she was a sister of Humphrey Peshall. Although between 1447 and 1469 there are no allusions to the Applebys, it is certainly probable that John Appleby lived for some time after 1447 and was succeeded by his kinsman Edmund Appleby, who may eitHeThave been his grandson or the son or grandson of a younger brother of John. There was a certain Thomas Appleby, of Appleby, esq., who was oueof anumberof gentlemen impleaded by the queen- mother Katherine for a breach of her chase at Leicester, which she held in dower,c and this Thomas may have been a younger brother of John. Edmund came of age before Michaelmas 1476, when he was defendant in an action brought by Henry Vernon, esq.a This action came up at Hilary 1476—7, when Edmund Appleby of Nether Appleby, gent., Richard Appleby of the same, gent., Thomas Wode, husbandman, and others, were attached for breaking into Henry Vernon's free warren at Over Appleby (i.e. Appleby Parva) on 14 April 1475, and chasing and taking hares, rabbits, pheasants and partridges. Edmund pleaded that he was seised of two-fifths of the manor of Appleby in his demesne as of fee, and that he and his ancestors, time out of mind, had taken game out of the Vernon warren : he acknowledged entering the warren with the other defendants as his servants on the day stated and taking twelve hares and 200 partridges. Henry Vernon denied his right and claimed damages. On the defendants' petition for a jury, the case was removed by a writ of Nisi prius to the assizes at Leicester, where Henry Vernon was adjudged 20s. damages and six marks cost, but, as regarded his claim for rabbits and pheasants, was in " Cox, Chh. of Derbyshire in. 450. b De Banco roll 831, m. 100. The inq. p.m. Humphrey Peshall, dated 16 Oct. 1498, gives Richard Peshall, aged 3 years, as his son and heir; but amongthe Early Chancery Proceedings between 1500 and 1515 is a suit in which it is stated that Humphrey Peshall had a son Hugh Peshall by his first wife, who had a daughter Kathenne, and lUchard Peshall was son of Humphrey by his second wife Lettice Harcourt, and after the deaths of Humphrey and Hugh the manor of Knightley was in dispute between Kath erine and Richard. Richard Peshall died 10 August 1520, and in the inquisition taken after his death his heirs are stated to be Richard Appleby, gent, son of Joan, sister of Humphrey Peshall, and Alice Lytelton, widow, daughter of Kath erine, sister of the said Humphrey, both aged 60 and more. c De Banco roll 675, m. 536. * Ibid. 860, m. THE MANOR OF APPLEBY. 443 mercy, as noneliad been taken." Edmund Appleby, at Michaelmas 1181, sued John Dadde of Atherstone, husbandman, for breaking his close at Atherstone.b At Michaelmas 1495 Edmund Appleby of Appleby, gent, and William Kylburn of Haleston, co. Warwick, gent., sued Margery Bret of Donisthorpe, widow, executrix of the will of Robert Bret, for £4. c In 1500 Henry Vernon, knight, brought an action against Joan Appleby of Donisthorpe, widow, and Edmund Appleby of Nether Appleby, gent., for breaking his close at Donisthorpe.d The trespass complained of had apparently been committed at a much earlier date : at any rate, Joan and Edmund were attached at Trinity 1501 for having entered on 20 May 1486 and forcibly expelled Henry from two messuages and three virgates of laud at Donis thorpe, for which Henry claimed .£20 damages.6 At the same time Edmund was summoned to answer William Baledon in a plea of assault at Seal.1 The will of Edmund Appleby was proved on 31 January 1504—5 by his brother, Richard Appleby, and his relict Margery. The testator desired to be buried with his ancestors in his chapel of St. Helen in Appleby ; by which he must not be understood to assert any proprietary rights over his parish church of St. Helen, but as referring merely to the chapel in which his family was buried, probably that on the north side of the chancel in St. Helen's church. To bis sister Margaret he bequeathed T.Os. and a room called ' the Trap chamber ' for life.6 Richard Appleby, who succeeded his brother, survived him nearly a quarter of a century. His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Langham of Gopsall, esq. Their tomb is in the chapel already mentioned in Appleby church, with the arms of Appleby and Langham over their heads. By Elizabeth Richard had a son George, who in 1526 married Joyce, daughter of Thomas Curson of Croxall, co. Derby. By a deed dated 7 August 1526, noted in the certificate of the inquisition taken after his death, he settled part of his property upon George and Joyce. By a further deed of 20 June 1527 he granted the manor and lauds in Appleby, Overseal, Nether- seal and Donisthorpe to Edward Aston, esq., and William Curson, Robert Fariihara, Thomas Langham and Thomas Eyton, gents , as trustees for the use of himself and his heirs and for the perform ance of his last will. By his will he granted a messuage and land in Donisthorpe, worth £4 yearly, to his younger son Humphrey Appleby, with reversion to George Appleby, his son and heir; while his wife Elizabeth was to enjoy his house at Appleby Magna until George, his heir, attained the age of twenty-one. The in quisition taken at Leicester 25 September 1529 found that Richard " Ibid. 861, m. 405. b Ibid. 878", m. 532. ° Ibid. 934, m. 2026. a Ibid. 954, m. igyd. ' Ibid. 957, m. 333. < Ibid. m. 204. e P.C.C. i Adeane. 444 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Appleby died on 3 January 1528—9, seised of the manor of Great and Little Appleby, and two messuages, nine and a half virgates of land and twelve acres of pasture in Appleby; four messuages, a cottage, seven virgates of laud, forty acres of wood and a mill in Overseal, a messuage and three virgates of land in Netherseal, a messuage, two tofts and eleven virgates of land in Donisthorpe, a third part of the manor of Atterton and certain lands in Witherley, Stretton-en-le-Field, Oakthorpe, etc. His heir was his son George, aged 14 years and upwards." George Appleby was slain at Musselburgh field in 1547; and Joyce his relict, who married Thomas Lewes of Mancetter, was burned for her religion at Lichfield in 1557.b George Appleby, son of George and Joyce, sold the manor of Appleby in 1560, and so ended the connexion of his family with the place from which it derived its patronymic after an uninterrupted male descent of nearly four centuries. The manor of Appleby Magna was purchased by sir Wolstan Dixie, knight, temp. James I., who gave it to the trustees of the free grammar school which his great-uncle had founded at Market Bosworth, in whose possession it remains to-day. The advowson of the "church of Appleby was the subject of a succession of law-suits, of which some account is given by Pro fessor Tait in his summary history of Lytham priory in the Victoria County History of Lancashire. Richard Fitz Roger, the husband of Margaret or Margery Banastre, lady of Appleby Parva, founded towards the end of the twelfth century the Benedictine priory of Lytham in Amounderness, which became a cell of the cathedral priory of Durham. It seems that Margaret Banastre gave the advowson of Appleby. appurtenant to the manor of Ap pleby Parva, to the prior and convent of Lytham. This was certainly after 1200, and in the Leicester Matriculiis of bishop Hugh Welles, which was not compiled until after 1220, the patron is stated to be the heir of Richard Fitz Roger. The grant, how ever, must have been contingent, whenever it was made, upon the death or resignation of the existing rector; and, as the rector named in the Matiiculus, Richard de Midda or Mydde. had been instituted before 1200, the prior and convent were at this date still waiting for entry. The abbot and convent of Burton had the entire demesne tithe from of old, and received two-thirds of the tithe of sheaves from their property in the parish.c N Although the prior and convent claimed the right of presentation on the death of Richard Mydde, they were opposed by William son of William Veruon, who brought a writ of Quare impedit against • Exchequer Inq. p.m. b See Foxe, Acts and Monuments, ed. Cattley, vni. 401—5. ° Rot. Hug. Welles (Cant and York Soc.) i. 249, 250. THE MANOR OF APPLEBY. 445 them. The prior recovered his right, and answered with a plea of Quare non permisit, on which William Vernon conceded him the presentation. Meanwhile, the right of collation fell to the bishop by lapse, and the Crown, disregarding the claims of both parties, ordered him to admit a suitable person. He thereupon admitted Thomas de Andely, otherwise called d'Aundevill or (by error) Man- devile, who was shortly after re-instituted on the presentation of the prior and convent.3 The account given of previous suits in 1325 placed this transaction in 50 Henry in. i.e. 1265 ; but this is obviously wrong, as it took place in 1234. In 1268 Richard Vernon and Henry de Appleby, the lords of the two manors, combined to present a rector without opposition from the prior and convent, who may have granted them the next pres entation.1" At the next vacancy in 1287 Richard Vernon sued Henry, son of Henry de Appleby, for the presentation. It was agreed that the claimants should present alternately;0 and it looks as if the prior and convent had temporarily allowed their claim to lapse. As there seems to have been no doubt that the advowspn was an appurtenance originally of the manor of Appleby Parva, also known as Over Appleby, the right of the Applebys must have rested upon their holding in that manor, which, as we have seen, led to disputes with the Vernons at a later date. The prior of Lytham, however, woke up to the fact that his advowson was passing out of his hands by what appears to have been a piece of sharp practice arranged between the two lords of Appleby. When Richard Vernon presented Hugh de Cave to the church, the prior brought an action against him, pending which the canonical period of presentation lapsed, and the bishop collated the church to John Darayns, alsi^called John de Cave, on 22 February 1287—8. The prior won his suit, of which there is no record on the plea rolls, and a writ was issued on 4 July 1288, directing the bishop to admit the prior's presentee. This was brought to the bishop on 11 July by the presentee in question, John of Sheffield, who, however, was refused institution on the ground of the previous collation.d John de Cave held the living for thirty-seven years. On his death in 1325, Edmund de Appleby prepared to exercise his turn of presentation. He was opposed by the prior of Lytham, whose statement of the facts of the case, borne out by the episcopal in stitution rolls on all main points, has been summarised above with the further evidence of the rolls. Edmund's plea, on the other hand, rested on the contention that his grandfather, Henry de Appleby, whose heir he was, had presented Henry Lovel, i.e. in 1268, and that the church was now vacant by Lovel's death, as by the death of him who was last presented by the true patron. This a Ibid. n. 322—4 : De Banco roll 257, m. 255. b Rot. Gravcsend p. 148. o Feet of Fines, Leicester. d Rot. Sutton, Leicester, m. 2. 446 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. plea, while ignoring the bishop's right of collation in 1287—8, also ignored the fact that Lovel had been instituted by a joint presenta tion made by two patrons, and seems to overlook the Vernon claim altogether. It is not surprising that the prior won the case. Ed mund withdrew his presentation of John, son of Walter, lord of Stretton, and the prior remitted him the damages.3 Thomas of Hepscott was now instituted on the presentation of the prior and convent, whose right was undisputed in 1331, when Hepscott exchanged Appleby for the church of Morpeth in North umberland, near the place from which he took his name, with William Bereford. On Hereford's death in 1365, Richard Vernon, chivaler, presented Nicholas Allerwase, and was opposed by the prior. Richard claimed that the advowson was appurtenant to the manor of Appleby Parva, and traced his descent back to his great grandfather Richard Veruon, the father of Richard, father of William, his own father : he said also that, at the time of the presentation of Bereford, his father was under age. These state ments were true, apart from the positive assertion of the point at issue, viz. that the advowson was still appurtenant to the manor. This the prior denied : he also denied that William Vernon had been under age in 1331. He produced a different version of the pedigree asserted by his opponent. On the death of Richard Mydde, he said, William, son of William Vernon, the brother of the Richard Vernon whom the defendant called his great-grand- ather, had opposed the prior's presentation : thb prior thereupon had brought a writ of Quare impedit, and, having produced Margaret Banastre's deed of gift, had recovered the presentation. Meanwhile, the legal six months had expired, and the bishop, as ordinary, had presented Thomas de Maundevile. After the death of Thomas, Richard Vernou, the grandfather of the defendant, being kinsman and heir of William, son of William Veruon, as the son of his brother Richard, had opposed the prior. Ambrose, then prior of Lytham, had recovered the presentation. At this point the record of the prior's statement becomes hopelessly confused, muddling up the suits of 1288 and 1325, and representing the collation of the church to John Darayns as consequent upon the second suit. The presentations, however, of Thomas of Hepscott by Richard of Teignmoutli, prior of Lytham, and of William Berer ford by his successor, John of Barnby, were stated correctly ; and the inaccuracies are probably the result of the clerk's notes. It is unquestionable, however, that, in the earlier part of his plea, the prior repeated the mistake made in 1325, of assigning the in stitution of Thomas de ' Maundevile ' to 1265 ; while the statement that the writ of Quare impedit was brought by the prior at that time is another error repeated from the previous suit, which is corrected * De Banco roll 257, m; 255; Lincoln Reg. iv, fo. 120. THE MANOR OF APPLEBT. 447 by the more accurate account in the institution roll of 1234, the right date. In his reply, Richard Veruon impeached the prior's assertion that William sou of William was the brother of Richard, his great-grandfather. In this he was quite right, as William son of William was actually the grandfather of the mother of Richard in question, who assumed his mother's maiden name aud founded the second line of Vernon. The suit was decided at Michaelmas 1366, when Richard did not appear and the prior recovered the presentation." In spite of the prior's imperfect genealogy, Margaret Banastre's deed of gift was a fact which outweighed the question of the descent of the manor; and Richard's statement that his great-grandfather had died seised of the advowson was evidently not allowed. Apparently, Nicholas Allerwase, whom the roll erroneously describes as ' chivaler,' a slip for ' chaplain,' had been instituted before the recovery, as in 1369 the church was said to be vacant by his death, and in the lists of pluralists returned in 1366 to archbishop Langham he is certified as rector of Appleby and sacrist of the church of Lichfield.b He wao also rector of the free chapel of St. Giles, Blaston, from 1366 to 1369. There is, however, no record of his institution to Appleby. The prior and convent of Lytham presented without a break from 1369 to 1422. In 1462, however, on the resignation of John Lenche, an inquisition into the patronage was held. The jury re turned that the presentation of Lenche in 1422 had been, according to the witness of the oldest and most trustworthy inhabitants, an usurpation of the right and title of John Appleby, esq., patron for that turn, who claimed alternate presentation with sir William Vernon, knight.c This was going back to the fine made between the two lords of Appleby in 1287; but the local witnesses, how ever trustworthy, must have been extremely aged to prove a claim of which nothing had been heard since 1366 and which, for nearly eighty years previously, had been rejected more than once in the law-courts. Nevertheless, sir William Veruon's presentee, Thomas Browne, was instituted.d At Easter 1467, however, the prior of Lytham brought an action for recovery of the presentation against sir William and Browne, on the ground that Richard, late the prior, had been seized of the advowson when he presented John Lenche. Sir William, in reply, pleaded the appurtenance of the advowson to the manor, founding his claim upon the presentation of Henry Lovel in 1268 by Iris ancestor Richard Vernon, from whom the advowson had descended to himself, through the gift of- the manor by his great-grandfather sir Richard Vernon (d. 1376) to his son Richard. The prior recovered seisin and remitted damages.6 Browne was now re-instituted after presentation by the " De Banco roll 421, m. 121, b Lambeth Reg. Langham, fo. 28d. ° Reg- xx. fo. zi6d. a Ibid. e De Banco roll 823, m. 325. 448 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. prior and nomination by the prior and convent of Durham, as the house to which Lytham was appendaut.f Browne resigned in 1490. The presentation was allowed to lapse, and the bishop collated the church to John Helperby.8 It may be presumed that Browne's second institution was regarded by the old and trustworthy as an usurpation of the Appleby turn. At any rate, sir William Vernon, at Easter 1491, impleaded William, prior of Lytham, and the bishop of Lincoln, stating his claim as son and heir of William Vernon and demanding £40 damages from the prior. The prior had leave to imparl granted him for Hilary 1491—2. Sir Henry eventually won the suit.8 The long dispute ended at Hilary 1493—4, when sir Henry renewed the action against Richard, prior of Lytham, and recovered seisiu.b The whole story is extremely complicated, but the main features may be summoned up as follows. The advowson was an appurten ance of the manor of Appleby Parva. By the gift of Margaret Banastre, it passed legally from the manor to the prior and convent of Lytham, who, though opposed by William Veruon, made good their right in 1234. In 1268, however, the two lords of Appleby managed to get their presentee admitted without opposition, which placed the manorial claim upon a good footing. Subsequently, they settled matters between themselves by the fine which provided for alternate presentations. Although the prior and convent were successful in a series of attempts to oust them, their position after 1268 was never secure, and they seem to have compromised with their opponent after the long suit of 1365—6 and to have allowed his presentee to retain possession of the benefice. Eventually, by insistence upon the descent of the manor with its rights from the co-patron of 1268 to himself, sir Henry Vernon obtained an acknow ledgement of his claim, and the advowson thenceforward remained attached to the manor. Subsequent presentations will be found in the list of rectors which follows. The church was taxed, c. 1255-—8, at £5. In 1291 it was taxed at £17 6s. 8d., of which seven shillings was due as a pension in lieu of tithe to the abbot and convent of Burton. In 1366 the taxation is given as £16 13s. 4d. In 1526 the figures are as in 1291, from which are deducted a pension of 40s. to the church of Seal and 11s. Ofd. in syuodals and procurations. The assessment in 1534—5 was £20 9s. 3d., appearing in the Liber Valontm as £20 9s. 4jd. For valuable details with regard, to the rectors of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, we are greatly indebted to the Rev. C. W. Foster, canon of Lincoln and prebendary of Leicester St. Margaret's in that church, who also, in the case of Allexton and Ashby Folville, has supplied us with full details relating to the succession of incumbents for that difficult period. • Reg. xx. fo. 222. b Reg. xxn. fo. 213. • De Banco roll 918, m. 150. a Ibid. 927, m. 335. THE MANOR OP APPLEBY. 449 1. Richard Midde, Midda, de Mydde, pres. by Margaret Ban- aster before 1200. Rot. H. Welles i. 249. De Banco roll 421, m. 121. 2. 1234. Thomas de Andely (otherwise Aundevill, Mandevile, etc.), by collation : subsequently pres. by the prior and convent of Lytham and re-admitted. Rot. H. Welles n. 322—4. 3. 1268, 14 April. Master Henry Luvel. clerk, pres. by sir Richard de Vernon, knight, and Henry de Appleby. By commenda tion. Rot. Gravesend p. 148. 4. 1287—8, 22 February. John de Areyns, subdeacon, by collation, on death of master H. Lund (sic.) Rot. Sutton, Leicester, m. 2. 5. 1325, 9 November. Thomas of Hepscott (Happiseotes, Heppescotes), pres. by the prior and convent of Lytham, on death of John [Darayns] of Cave. Lincoln Reg. iv. fo. 120. 6. 1331, 28 July. William of Bereford, pres. by the prior and convent of Lytham, on exch. of the church of Morpeth, dio. Dur ham, with T. of H. Ibid. fo. 134. 7. 1365. Nicholas Allerwase, pres. by Richard de Vernon, chivaler, on death of W. of B. De Banco roll 421, m. 121. 8. 1369, 21 October. Walter Vawasoure, deacon, pres. by the prior and convent of Lytham, on death of N.A. Reg. x. fo. 246. 9. 1401, 12 May. Robert Moreton, clerk, pres. by the prior and convent of Lytham, on death of Master W. Vavasoure. Reg. xnr. fo. 193d. 10. 1404, 6 December. John Bernard, priest, pres.rby the prior and convent of Lytham, on exch. of the church of North Thoresby, dio. Lincoln, with master Richard (sic) M. Ibid. fo. 204 and d. 11. 1416—7, 4 February. Robert Valaunce, pros, by the prior [and convent] of Lytham, on exch. of the church of Beddington (Surrey), dio. Winton, with J.B. Reg. xiv. ff. 189d, 190. 12. 1417, 2 September. Thomas Wythede, chaplain, pres. by the prior and convent of Lytham, on res. of R.V. Ibid. fo. 192. 13. 1417, 24 December. William Goldryng, pres. byjthe prior and convent of Lytham, on exch, of the vicarage of Haughley (Suffolk), dio. Norwich, with T. Whitehed. Inst. by the bishop of Norwich, by commission. Ibid. fo. 194. 14. 1422, 12 December. John Lenche, pres. by^the prior and convent of Lytham, on exch. of the vicarage of Stoke-by-Nayland (Suffolk), dio. Norwich, with W.G-. Reg. xvi. fo. 95 and d. 15. 1462, 10 December. Thomas Browne, priest, pres. by William Vernon, knight, patron by hereditary right for this turn, on res. of J.L., to whom a yearly pension of five marks was granted. T. Brown was re-admitted 7 February 1468—9, pres. by the prior and convent of Lytham, who had recovered presentation, on nom- 4$0 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ination of the prior and convent of Durham. Reg. xx. ff. 216d, 222. 16. 1490, 18 December. John Helperby, priest, by collation owing to lapse, on res. of T.B. Reg. xxn. fo. 213. 17. 1498, 5 May. Thomas Cheshyr, priest,3 pres. by Henry Vernou, knight, on death of J.H. Reg. xxni. ff. 231d, 232. 18 1530, 30 March. Christopher Fowler, clerk, pres. by William Clophin, (sic), esq., and Margaret his wife, late the wife of Richard Vernon, on death of last incumbent.13 Reg. xxvn. fo. 157d. 19. 1545, 28 October. Geoffrey Page, clerk, pres. by Richard Manors, knight, and dams Margaret Maners alias Coffyn, his wife, in right of the said Margaret, on death of C.F. Ibid. fo. 173, 20. 1552—3,21 March. Thomas Vernon, S. T.B. ," pres. by dame Margaret Manners, widow, in right of her dower or jointure, on death of G.P. No institution recorded : he compounded for first-fruits 31 March 1553. Lincoln Presentation deeds 1553, no. 38. 21. 1557, 28 November. William Tailer, M.A., pres. by dame Margaret Maners of Dishley, co. Leicester, widow, on death of last incumbent. Reg. xxvm. fo. 135. 22. 1558, 12 October. William Heythcott, pres. by Margaret Maners, lady Maners, widow, by reason of the jointure granted to her by Richard Vernham (sic), her first husband, on death of last incumbent. Ibid. fo. 145. 23. 1560, 5 November. Roger Banister, clerk, pres. by George Vernon, knight, on res. of W. Heithcote.d Ibid. fo. 110. 24. 1572, 2 December. Hugh Blithe, clerk, pres. by Thomas Standley, knight.6 Lincoln Episcopal Records, p. 35. " Named as rector in 1526, when there was also a stipendiary chaplain in the church with £4 133. 4d. yearly. Oliver Goddard was curate or parish chap lain, with £4 133. 4d. " He was first pres. g December 1529 by Richard Sacheverell, knight, by reason of a grant made to the said R.S. [and to Robert Langham, esq., 2 August 1525] by Richard Appleby, esq. (Pres. deed 1525, no. 10 : 1529 no. 16.) Richard Vernon (d. 1517) was son and heir of sir Henry Ver non : he married Margaret, daughter of sir Robert Dimock, who married sir Richard Manners as her third husband. c Of Christ Church, Oxford, B.A., 1544—5, B.D., 1552. d By exch. for the church of Aylestone. At Parker's metropolitan visitation Roger Banyster or Fayrhuse was returned as 'priest, un married, competently learned ; resides, exercises hospitality, dwells there ; has no licence nor preaches ; has no other benefice.' (MS. C.C.C. Camb. fo. 49.) e In right of his wife Margaret, daughter and co-heiress of sir George Vernon, Hugh Blithe was returned in 1576 as ' M.A. of King's college, Cambridge ; resi dent : a prebendary in Windsor ; 33 years of age, married ; ordained by the late bishop of Lincoln ; a preacher licensed by the bishop of Norwich.' (Liber Cleri 1576, fo. 3d,) He was ordained priest 21 September 1570. (Ibid. 1585, fo. 33.) Installed canon of Windsor 23 August 1572 by letters patent of 4 August (Le Neve in. 396.) He was archdeacon of Leicester 10 May 1589—July ijqi (Ibid. n. 62.) In 1603, when Edward Stanley, gent, was patron, Blithe was returned as ' M.A. ; unlicensed to preach ; resident; hospitable.' There were 225 communi cants (Liber Cleri 1603, fo. 36.) He died before 7 August 1610 (Le Neve in. 398.) He was B.A. King's college, Camb. 1563—4 ; M.A. 1587(Cambridge Grace-Book delta, p. 454.) Le Neve calls him S.T.B. THE MANOR OF APPLBBT. 451 25. 1610~26 July. Thomas Mould, M.A." Bishops' Certifi cates. 26. 1642, 28 September. Abraham Mould, M.A.,b pres. by Samuel Hodgkinsou of Kingsbury, co. Warwick, clerk, and John Prior of Alleatree, co. Warwick, clerk, by reason of a grant of next presentation made by Thomas Mould, clerk, and dated 19 April 1642, on res. of master T.M. Reg. xxxn. fo. 30; Presentation deeds 1642, nos. 68, 69. 27. 1683—4, 24 March. Isaac Mould, B.A., pres. by Samuel Sanders, esq. on death of A.M. Reg. xxxiv. fo. 77d. 28. 1721, 31 October. Jacob Mould, B.A., pres. by Thomas Mould, gent., on death of I.M. Reg. xxxvii. fo. 127. 29. 1731—2. 4 March. George Gell, M.A., pres. by Joseph Mould of Appleby, esq. on death of J. Mold. Reg. xxxvm. fo. 255. 30. 1743, 22 December. John Vaughan, M.A.,C pres by Edward and Elizabeth Dawson of Long Whatton, on death of G.G. Ibid. fo. 440. 81. 1758, 5 July. - Francis Gibbes, M.A.,d pres. by Edward and Elizabeth Dawson, on death of J.V. Ibid. fo. 561. 32. 1763, 31 August. John Ragdale, M.A.," pres. by Ed ward Dawson, esq., and Elizabeth his wife, on death of F.G. Reg. xxxix. fo. 22. 33. 1777, 24 April. John Clements, M.A., pres. by Edward Dawson of Long Whatton, esq., brother and committee of Atkins Dawson, esq., a lunatic, on death of J.R. Ibid. fo. 286. 34. 1793, 7 March. Thomas Jones, M.A., pres. by Thomas Wilkes of Overseal, esq., on death of J.C. Ibid. fo. 572. 35. 1830, 12 October. John Manuel Echalaz, M.A.,f pres. by Elizabeth Mooro, widow, and John Webb Edge, clerk,8 patrons fpr this turn, on death of T.J. Reg. XL. fo. 380. 36. 1877, 21 July. Charles Thomas Moore, M.A.,h pres. by Vaughan Hanning Vaughan Lee of Dillington park, co. Somerset, esq^, M.P., and Samuel William Clowea of Norbury park, co. Derby, esq., M.P., on death of J.M.E. Peterborough Act-book. 1 On death of Hugh Blithe. The patron apparently was himself, as he.was patron in 1614 (Liber Cleri 1614, fo. 124.) He was prebendary of Bubbenhall in Lichfield 26 July 1606 (Le Neve I. 588.) » Deacon 4 June 1637, by the bishop of Lichfield and Coventry ; priest 23 December 1638. Licensed to preach by John, bishop of Lincoln ; no plurality : resident. Letters testimonial of sub scription 4 August 1662 (Liber Cleri 1662, fo. 194.) « Rector of Belton I7 i 2 _3—1744. J Rector of Belton 1744— 63. Of Queen's college, Oxford ; matric. 1736; B.A. 1740. e Of Trinity college, Oxford ; matric. 1729: M.A. Cambridge 1764. Also rector of Normanton, Notts. Foster, Alumni Oxon queries the identity ; but there seems to be no reason to doubt it. * Of Trinity college, Oxford; matric. 1818 : B A. 1822; M.A. 1824; fellow 1829—31; hon, can of Peterborough 1844. Died 16 May 1877. 6 Rector of Bilborough and Strelley, Notts., 1819—42. h Of Trinity hall, Cambridge. Vicar of Breedon on-the-Hill 1876. 452 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Since the pedigree of Appleby was printed in this volume the following facts respecting the marriage of Edmund de Appleby with Agnes de Sulney have come to our knowledge. Feet of Fines, Derby, on the quindene of Easter, 23 Edward in., A.D. 1349. Between Alured, son of Alured de Sulney, plaintiff, and Edmund de Appleby the younger, and Agnes, his wife, defendants, of a moiety of the manor of Newton Sulney, Edmund and Agnes ack nowledged the said moiety of the manor to be the right of Alured, and remitted and quit-claimed the same from them Edmund and Agnes and the heirs of Agnes to the said Alured de Sulney and his heirs for ever. And for this quit-claim and acknowledgment Alured gave to Edmund and Agnes 100 silver marks. Assize roll No. 1488. Easter, 3 Richard n., A.D. 1380, m. 23. d. Derby. A certain fine was levied at Westminster in the octaves of Hilary, 14 Edward n., A.D. 1321, between Laurence Trussell, plaintiff, and Alured de Sulney and Margaret, his wife, defendants, of the manor of Newton Sulney, Alured acknowledged the manor to be the right of Laurence, and for this acknowledgment Laurence granted the manor to Alured and Margaret and their issue, to be held by them by the service due to the chief lords of the fee for ever, and if it happens that Alured and Margaret die without issue between them, then the manor, after their deaths, will wholly come to the right heirs of Alured. And the jurors say that Alured and Margaret had issue between them certain Agnes and Ermentrude, Ermentrude being now the plaintiff together with John Foucher, her husband, in a plea of novel disseisin by John Sulney and others done to Ermentrude of his moiety of the said manor, they also say that John Foucher and Ermentrude were seised of a moiety of the said manor of Newton Sulney until John Sulney and the others dis seised them to their damage £40. Therefore John Foucher and Ermeutrude recovered their seisin of the moiety of the manor and their damages. These extracts show the facts and correct the note to the Appleby pedigree printed by Nichols, iv., p. 442 on the subject of Edmund de Appleby's marriage. PEDIGREE OF APPLEBY OF APPLEBY MAGNA. Waleran de Appelby Gresley Charters, No. 9 temp. Henry 11., Witness. | I Robert de Appelby Gresley Charters Nos. 18, y, 34. Curia Regis Roll Easter g. John, 1208. Robert fil. Waleran de Happelbi temp. Richard i. and John. | William de Appelby Gresley Charters Nos. 33, 42, 49, 52, Witness. Testa de Nevill. I Gresley Charter No. 34. Robert de Appelby and William de Appelby, I his son, witnesses. I Henry de Appelby Curia Regis Roll 148, A.D. 1253, I Henry son and heir of William de Appelby then under age. i Henry de Appelby Fine 15 Edw. i. A.D. 1287. Henry son of Henry de Appelby De Banco Roll no. 231. Michaelmas, 1312, then dead. Edmund de Appleby=Joan John de Appleby Margery De Banco Roll 257, Trin. 1325, m. 255. Edmund says he is 1331 Fine Easter 1331 Fine Baiter 1331 grandson of Henry de Appelby who presented to Appelby church temp Henry in. Nichols says he died circa 1375. Edmund de Appleby chivaler=(? Agues de Sidney) John de Appelby knight Knight of the shire of Derby, 1376. J 347- : r 37°- ,, ,, ,, ,, Leicester 1378. : had pardon for a felony 16 May, 1370. Thomas de Appleby=Joan (? dau. of Tlws. AMey) Edmundde Appleby de Banco Roll 607, Mien. 1412 1392, Edmund de Appleby. the younger. dead at Michaelmas 1412 then a widow, application 1402. Gresley Charter to Edmund son of for dower. Edmund de Appleby, kt. John" Appleby 1417, 1420, 1422, 1432, 1447. John son and heir of Thomas de Appelby occurs as a witness, 2 Henry v. 1415, in a Stretton-le-heth charter ; John de Bedenale to John de Fyn- derne, lord of Stretton, grant of lands in Appleby, Twycross, Stretton and other places. Ex Wyggeston's hospital MSS. at Leicester. . . Appleby=Joan sister of Humphrey Peshale, of Knightley. co. Staff, | a widow in 1469. Edmund de Appleby=Margaret. Richard Appleby=Elizabeth daughter of Robert Langham Under age in 1469. brother and heir. | of Gopsal, co. Leic. Kinsman and heir of John Appleby. His age is given as 60 in Inq. p.m. Richard Peshale taken in 1524 to whom he was coheir. Will P.C.C. died in 1505. s.p, Inq. p.m. died 3 January 1529. ______I______George Appleby=Joyce daughter of Thos. Curson=Thomas Lewes Humphrey Appleby ist husband I of Croxhale. of Mancetter born c. 1515. Killed in 1547. ! burnt in 1557. 2nd husband I______George Appleby= Richard Appleby= (Nichols) Drowned after 1561. (Nichols) buried at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, 18 June 1591. | I I " . i , . Mary=Edward Heyward Barbara=Peter Burgoyne Francis Appleby (Nichols) bapt. 25 June, 1589. (Nichols) bapt. 10 Feb. (Nichols) bapt. 9 Aug. 1584. 1585. „ died s.p. 1630. III. ASHBY FOLVILLE. Hundred of Goscote (East); rural deanery of Goscote (ancient), of Goscote i. (modern.) Forms of name. D. B. Ascbi. The variants are, as in other Ashbys, simple and need not be dated : Essebi, Esseby, Essheby, Assheby, Aschby, Aysshby, Asshby, Asheby. The name Folville appears as Folevile, Folevill, Folvill, Folvyle, Folvyll, Fulvyle, Folvile; and in corrupt forms as Fulveby, Folvell, Fovevile, Fulwell, Folwell, Follwell, and Fellows. Newbold is D. B. Niwebold. Barsby is D.B. Barnesbi. These forms are subject to no important variations, and the form Barnesby is used almost invariably until a comparatively late period. Four ploughlands in Ashby, worth .£4, were held at the Domes day survey by Ralph under the countess Judith. Two ploughs were employed in the demesne, and two bondmen. Twenty-four villeins, with a priest and three bordars, had six ploughs. There were forty acres of meadow, a spinney one furlong in length and one in width, and a mill of four shillings value. The hamlet of Newbold, now depopulated, was also held by Ralph under Judith and was worth twenty shillings. There was one plough in the demesne; and one villein with four bordars had another plough. There were three acres of meadow.a A ploughland in Ashby, belonging to Newbold, was worth three shillings, and was held by Hugh under Henry de Ferieres. There were two villeins.b The lordship of Barsby, a hamlet of Ashby, containing two ploughlands and a half, was held freely by Alwin before the date of the survey and was valued at eight shillings. At the time of the survey it was held bj Humphrey the chamberlain. There was one plough in the demesne, and three villeins had half a plough. There were six acres of meadow.0 Barsby is also mentioned as a member of the lordship of Rothley.d In the Leicestershire Survey of 1124—9, Ashby was the head of a small hundred which included Humberstone, Belgrave, Thur- maston, Birstall, Wanlip and Anstey, an area from which Ashby • Domesday (Record Comm.) i. fo. 236 v. col. i. b Ibid, fo, 233, col. a. c Ibid. fo. 236, col. i. d Ibid. fo. 230 v. col. i. 454 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. itself was at some distance. David king of Scots, as earl of Hunt ingdon, held five ploughlands in Ashby, and Hugh of Leicester one ploughland, i.e. of the Ferrers fee. The ploughland in Barsby is not accounted for.8 The chief lordship of Ashby was thus held as of the honour of Huntingdon. The iaraily of Folville, which gave its name to Ashby and Newbold, came from France and was probably derived from Folleville (Somme), some 16 miles S.S.E. of Amiens. Nichols says that a certain Fulk de Folville possessed thelordship of Ashby •' ] 1137, temp. Stephen, and was succeeded in it by his son Maroye. He gives a charter purporting to be of this Maroye, with the consent of Eustace sou of Maroye, granting to John son of Maroye, his heirs and assigns, three acres of meadow ' in Waldo de Thorp ' which Maroye bought from Thomas of Overton, to be held of the said Thomas by a yearly rent of one penny at Easter. To Eustace son of Maroye succeeded a son Walter, living in 1186 ; and to Walter succeeded William Folville, who sided with the rebellious barons in 1216. His lands were seized by the king and granted to William de Gautilupe; but he was afterwards restored to his lands and the king's favour. This William Folville is the first of the family of whom there is satisfactory documentary evidence, although Nichols may have had good ground for his early pedigree. By a fine levied in 1202—8, William Folville, plaintiff, quitclaimed his right in the advowson of a mediety of the church of South Croxton to Cyprian, prior of ' Meauton' (i.e. Malton, Yorks.),b for which the prior received him in the prayers of his house for ever. He also by an other fine quitclaimed his right in 26 acres of land in the same place to the same prior and his successors." It is noteworthy that the chapter of the deanery of Goscote, at the inquisition into the patronage, etc., of benefices held c. 1228, while acknowledging the prior of Melton (sic) to have held the mediety in appropriation for thirty years, said that it should be a chapelry dependent upon Ashby Folville.d The sheriff of Leicester was ordered, on 10 October 1216, to give seisin to William de Cantilupe of the land in Ashby forfeited by William Folville,6 On 28 March 1217 Philip Marc was directed to release William Folville from prison, and to take security for 30 marks, the price of his freedom, on condition that William should marry the daughter of Eustace de Es.* In 1219 William rendered account of two marks at the exchequer on behalf of a de faulter for whom he had stood surety.8 Subsequently, he appears • Round, Feudal England, p. 199. His collation with Domesday (ibid. p. 207) is not quite accurate. ' See Y.C.H. Yorks. m. 254. ° Feet of Fines, Leicester. a Rot. Hug. Welles (Cant, and York Soc.) i. 256. * Rot. Litt. Ciaus.(Record Comm.), 1,290. 'Pat. Rolls 1216—25, p, 49. 8 Pipe Roll 4 Hen. in. THE MANOB OF ASHBY FOLVILLE. 455 on many commissions. On 22 July 1219 he was appointed a member of tlie commission to inquire into unlicensed assarts made in the counties of Leicester and Rutland." On 6 May 1223 he was appointed to take an assiza of novel disseisin at Leicester in the octaves of Trinity, which Ralph Kirketon, rector of Oadby, had brought against Robert de Monte a'ld others concerning a virgate of land, etc., in Oadby.b He and William Charnells were deputed as justices for the perambulation of the forests of Leicestershire on 17 February 1224—5.° On 20 October 1226 he had letters of protection for a year from 1 November following as the socius of Robert de Vaux.d Appointments of William as a justice to take assizes of novel disseisin occur on 27 December 1227, 24 November 1228, and 30 January 1223—3. Tho first, to be taken at Leicester in the octaves of Hilary, was brought by Nicholas, son of Richard of Belgrave, against Robert de la Haye concerning a tenement in Humberstone. The second, concerning a tenement in Hemington, was brought by Maud Bordeny against Robert Menyl. The third to be taken at Lincoln on the morrow of the close of Easter, was brought by Nicholas, abbot of Vaudey, against Richard, rector of Dalby-on-the-Wolds, concerning common of pasture in Dalby.* The last assize was twice adjourned, viz. on 21 April 1229 to Melton for 22 August, and on 18 August to Harborough for 9 September.* In 1226 William Folville, by a fine, obtained from Roger sou of Ralph the acknowledgement of the customs and services for a vir gate of land which Roger held of William in Ashby.8 In 1230 a plea was brought against William by Robert de Salcey for the customs and services due for the free tenement, described as the quarter of two-thirds of a knight's fee, held by him in Ashby of Robert. He had withheld his quota of the scutage of Bytham (1220—1), levied at ten shillings per knight's fee, of the scutage of Montgomery (1223), levied at two marks, of the scutages of Bedford (1224) and Kerry (1229), both also at two marks, and of the recent scutage of Portsmouth (1230, ' de primo passagio regis in Britauniam,') levied at three marks. William acknowledged that he owed the service in question, but said that he held his tenement of Henry, son of William of Boresworth (i.e. Husbands Bosworth), who was under age and in the wardship of Maud, widow of the said William. He had done his service to Maud, whom he vouched to warrant. Accordingly Maud was summoned to appear and produce the title-deeds by which her husband had been en- feoffed of the said service.11 1 Pat. Rolls u.s. p. 214. b Ibid. p. 393. ' Ibid. p. 568. a Ibid. 1225—32, ' p. 64. ' Ibid. pp. 207, 280, 285. ' Ibid. pp. 289, 302. « Feet of Fines, 'Leicester. " Curia Regis Roll 106, Trinity, 14 Hen. in. m. izd. 456 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. On 8 February 1231—2 William Folville and William Basset were appointed keepers of the king's escheats and wards in the county of Leicester, and, on 28 September following, collectors of the subsidy of a fortieth levied on all movables in the county.1 William Folville was also appointed collector of the aid of a thirtieth on 2 July 1287.b On the aid of two marks per knight's fee levied in 1235 for the marriage of the king's sister Isabel to the emperor Frederick n. he had paid 4 marks for two knight's fees in Ashby and Newbold.0 Nichols prints an undated charter of Eustace Folville, witnessed by Robert Folville, sir Ralph Chamberlain, sir Peter de Lincoln and others, confirming to the prioress and convent of Nuneaton the grant in frankalmoin by his father, William Folville, of a plot and a yardland in Ashby of the fee of David, earl of Huntingdon. This Eustace succeeded his father some time after 1237. On 4 August 1258 he was appointed one of four knights, in pursuance of the provisions of Oxford, to enquire into excesses, trespasses and injuries committed in the county of Leicester, and to return his certificate personally to the council in the octuves of Michaelmas.d Eustace was thus an adherent of the baronial party and was one of the defenders of Kenilworth after the battle of Evesham in 1265. He was allowed, however, under the Dictum of Kenilworth, to compound for his estate, and on 28 July 1267 was pardoned by the Crown, producing Peter Nevill and John of Kirkby as his sureties." Eustace Folville was murdered in his chamber in the manor- house of Ashby at midnight on Saturday, 24 November 1274. A commission of oyer and terminer to find out the culprits was issued on 30 November.' They remained unpunished, at any rate for the present; for at Easter 1276—7 John, the son of Eustace, brought a plea against his father's widow Juliana, accusing her of instig ating the murder, which was committed by one Ralph Caperon, who, by her precept and mission and feloniously and of malice aforethought, stabbed Eustace to the heart with an Irish knife. Juliana denied the accusation in toto, and the case was adjourned sine die until Ralph Caperon should be convicted.6 The following Michaelmas John Folville brought a suit against Ralph Caperon, Richard le Keu of Coston, and Richard Hotay of Ashbyb; but no result is recorded. Meanwhile in 1275 Juliann, the widow of Eustace brought a series of pleas for land in Ashby Folville which she claimed in dower against John, son of Eustace Folville, Geoffrey Folville, •Robert Folville and Alice, daughter of Eustace (sic) Folville, the • Gal. Close Kollt, 1231—4, p. 130. * Ibid, p. 158. e Testa de Nevill .(Record Comm.) p. 92. See also p. 39, for f of a fee held by him in Rutland of the honour of Leicester. d Cat. Pat. llolls 1247—58, p. 646. e Ibid. u66—72, p. 149. ' Ibid. 1272—81, p. 115. « De Banco roll 19, m.57d. b Ibid, 21, m. iozd. THE MANOR OF ASHBY FOLVILLE. 457 abbot of Vaudey, Hugh of Mowsley, William Folville, Geoffrey, son of William Folville, Maunser Marmion, the abbess of St. Mary's without Northampton, Peter of Wysall, and John Haliday. The various parcels amounted to ten tofts, ten virgates, abovate and two acres of land, 40 acres of meadow, and five shillings rent, of which Juliana demanded a third part." She also in 1276 claimed sim ilarly a third part of twelve virgates of land in Ashby against Aubrey of Whittlebury and Margery his wife, guardians of the land and beir of Richard of Flythorpe, and a third part of 20 acres in Teigh, co. Rutland. A further claim is noted to a third part of a toft and two virgates of land in Lubbesthorpe : her claim led to a plea of r,ight between Nicholas of Chishall, who called Geoffrey Folville to warrant, and Eustace son of Eustace Folville.b An assize taken in 1276 decided a dispute between the heirs of Eustace Folville regarding his free tenements in Teigh, consisting of two-thirds of a messuage, two tofts, two carucates, a virgate and bovate of land, etc. Eustace, son of Eustace Folville, brought an action of disseisin against Edmund, the king's brother, of whom the fee was held as of the honour of Leicester, Alice daughter of William Folville, William Chaworth and Thomas of Bowden. Edmund's bailiff, Robert of Belgrave, said that Eustace Folville, grandfather of Alice, whose heir she was, held the said land by knight service. Alice's statement was that she was the daughter of William Folville, son of Eustace, and a certain Joan, whom he married in the lifetime and at the wish of his father. William predeceased his father, and accordingly Alice entered on the said tenement on Saturday, 1 December, being the Saturday after Eustace's death, by Edmund as her guardian. She said that she was of age. Her uncle Eustace claimed the tenement as possessed by his father Eustace in his demesne as of fee : he had entered upon it immediately after his father's death, and was un justly disseised of it eight weeks after. The jury found for Alice as the lawful daughter of the elder brother." Eustace and Alice also disputed the succession to Ashby Folville. As the murder of the elder Eustace took place on the night of 23—24 November 1274, it is difficult to see how the assize con cerning this succession can have been tried on the day given in the roll, the morrow of All Souls (3 November) in that year, unless we put the murder back to 1273. The action was brought by Alice against the younger Eustace for disseising her of the manor of Ashby Folville, except the advowson of the church, and twelve vir gates and twelve acres of land. Eustace pleaded that he had taken seisin immediately after his father's death and had held it con tinuously, so that Alice could not plead disseisin where she had " Ibid. 9. m. 33d. k Ibid. 16, m. ^id. • Assize Roll 1231. 458 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. never had seisin. Alice, on the other hand, claimed that Robert le Brus, as chief lord of the fee," of whom her grandfather had held the manor by knight service, had taken the manor into his hand as her guardian after the elder Eustace's death ; so that she, being daughter and heir of William, the first-born son and heir of Eustace, was in seisin of the manor by her guardian until she was disseised. Both claimants asked for a jury; and Aubrey of Whittlebury, saying that he held twelve virgates of land with a park in the same manor, claimed to be included in the writ. The jury dismissed Alice's claim as false; but, as she was under age, she was pardoned.1" Eustace the younger therefore succeeded his father in the manor ; and he, with his brothers John, Geoffrey and Robert and others, was concerned in a plea brought against them in 1276—7 by Ralph of Lyndon for cutting down and carrying away trees belonging to him at Ashby, to the value of £10. The defendants did not put in an appearance." It was, however, John Folville, as we have seen, who, at Easter in the same year, accused Juliana of murder; and it is he who appears from this date as lord of Ashby. At Michaelmas 1283 he gave twenty shillings for a licence to agree with William Meyrslet and Alice his wife (probably his niece Alice Folville) in a plea of covenant of land4; and, by a fine levied at Hilary 1283—4, William and Alice acknowledged a messuage and virgate of land in Ashby to be the right of John, for which John gave them a sparrow-hawk.6 John Folville with his brothers Geoffrey and Robert was defend ant iu a plea of assault at Teigh brought by Alan Neuton at Michaelmas 1284.* At Hilary 1291—2 he was summoned for un justly impounding a steer and two heifers, belonging to Richard Marnham, at Gaddesby in a place by the mill of the said town on 8 and 10 January 1290—1. Richard claimed 100s. damages. John said that the beasts had been distraints on two counts for a debt for which Simon Kyng had impleaded Richard in John's court at Ashby, by order of the court on the ground of Richard's contumacy. He also acknowledged having taken no more than two beasts. Against him Richard argued that Simon Kyng's plea was simply a cover, by collusion between Simon and John Folville, for the ex tortion of money from him by John and to harass him ; which John denied, saying that he took the two beasts only by the finding of the court. A jury was ordered to be summoned.8 * This was Robert ' the Competitor ' (d. 1295), whose rights in the honour ot Huntingdon came through his mother Isabel, daughter of David, earl of Hunt ingdon, and niece of William the Lion. He was grandfather of the great Robert Bruce, who was born in this year 1274. b Assize Roll 1223 m. 26, c De Banco roll 18, Hi). 5 Edw. i. m. 46d. * Ibid. 51, m. 26. e Feet of Fines, Leicester. f Assize Roll 457, m. ijd. e De Banco roll 92, m. iS. THE MANOR OP ASHE7 FOLVILLE. 459 The inquisition following John Folville's death was taken on 19 June 1310. He died seised of the manor of Ashby Folville, held of the king in chief, as of the purparty of tbe honour of Huntingdon which was of Robert de Brus, by the service of two knight's fees and doing suit at the court of Huntingdon. John Folville his son, aged twenty-three at the feast of St. Katherine (25 November) 1309, was his next heir." It need hardly be added that, by the outlawry of Robert Bruce in 1307, his English possessions had reverted to the Crown. The escheator was ordered on 8 June to take into his hands the lands of John Folville, deceased, and on 8 July to deliver them to John, his son and heir, saving the dower of John the elder's wife Alice.b John Folville and Mabel his wife leased the manor of Ashby Folville in 1315—6 to master John Sutton, by letters patent licensing the grant to Sutton and re-grant to John Folville and Mabel and their issue, with remainder to the right heirs of the said John. John and Mabel gave two marks to agree, and a fine was levied at Easter following.0 On 20 May 1318 tbe treasurer and barons of the exchequer were ordered to discharge Jobu Folville of £10, his fine for the relief of the manor of Ashby, the king having pardoned him the same at the instance of Hugh Audley the younger.4 The Lay subsidy of 1327 contains the following payments from Ashby Folville : John Folville, 7s. ; Alice Folville, 3s.; Robert, son of William Power, and John of Newbold, 2s. 6d. each ; William of Claxby, Robert of Hoby, William of Rotherby, 3s. each ; Robert of Teigh, 2s. 0£d.; Eustace Cay, 2s. In ]332 John Folville's contribution was 13s. 4d. and Robert of Hoby's 3s. 4d. The other names are, John Fauconer,"9s.; Richard Cartere, 6s.; Henry Hortop, 5s.; Ralph Palmer, 4s. The Leicester Assize rolls for tbe early years of the reign of Edward in. show that the younger members of the Folville family at this time were a disorderly and violent group of malefactors. On 14 January 1331—2 Richard Folville, rector of Teigh, Lawrence' Folville, Walter Folville, Nicholas of Rotherby, and Nicholas of Stow, with others, feloniously took Richard Willougbby of Sewstern to Morkerhaugh (i.e., the Morkery woods, near Castle Bytham), co. Lincoln, and detained him for a night until he made a fine with them for 1300 marks. They were aided and abetted by Eustace Folville, Robert Folville, Thomas Folville, William Marmyon, knight, Robert Lovel, rector of Ash well, John Lovel, William Peshour of Barrowby, William Langham of Wymondham a Cal. Inq. p.m. v. 97 (no. 190). b Cal. Fine tolls 1307—19, pp. 63, 65. c Be Banco roll 213, m. 215; Feet of Fines, Leicester. The inquisition ad quod damnum was taken in May 1315 and the licence was dated 6 Oct. 1315. Inq. A.Q.D. 104 (5).. Cal. Pat. Rolls 1313—1317. The inq. states that Alice de Folville holds loos, of lands and tenements in Teigh, co. Rutland, as dower. a 'Cal. Close Rolls 8.p. 542' 460 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. William le Long of Oakham, Roger the parson's chaplain of Ash- well, Henry the chaplain of Bytham, John Pykehose, groom of Eustace Folville, William of Burton, John Kyng of Teigh, proctor (i.e. warden) of the church of Great Hambleton, and others, who took their share of the spoils.8 Again, Eustace Folville and his brothers Robert, Walter, Lawrence, Richard and Thomas robbed £20 with threats of Roger Woolsthorpe of Grantham.b At the Easter assizes of 1332, it was presented that the same brothers, with the exception of Thomas, had in 1327 burgled the manor o fJohn Hamelyn at Wymondham, taking off nine sheep and goods to'the value of £30 ; while in 1329 they made a descent in force on Leicester, and robbed the earl of Lancaster of heifers and mares worth £100, and the burgesses of goods and chattels to the value of £200.c A presentation was made at the same assizes that Robert and Lawrence Folville, Anketin de Hoby and John his brother, Geoffrey de Skeffington and Richard, Simon and Robert his brothers, had forcibly entered the church of Kirkby Bellars and taken the profits of the same church for half a year, and had entered the dwelling of the warden of the college of chantry priests there, feloniously broken the doors and windows and carried away goods to the value of 100s. With this is closely connected the charge that Eustace Folville, Robert and Walter his brothers, and Ralph brother of Roger la Zousche, on Sunday, 19 January 1325—6, killed Roger Baler, the well-known baron of the exchequer and founder of the college (later the priory) of Kirkby Bellars, in the field of Brooksby. The murder was said to be instigated by Henry of Hardwick, who himself was accused of a murder in Leicester in 1319 and was said to be a common robber of oxen and horses, and by Roger la Zousche of Lubbesthorpe. The criminals were received on the day of the murder by Hardwick at Wanlip.4 Attention must be called at this point to a foolish mistake of Nichols, taken from the Dodsworth MSS., and also apparently from the compiler of that curious collection called the Woodford chartulary. He refers to " a charter of pardon, that king Henry that was king John's son gave to sir Eustace Folville, lord of Ashby Folville, for divers trespasses that he had done against the king, and for slaying of his chief justice sir Roger Beler; dated at St. Paul's July 26, anno 51 Henry in." Now, as we have seen, Eustace Folville, the grandfather of the Eustace who murdered Roger Beler, received a pardon on 28 July, 1267, for joining Simon de Montfort; but, as he himself was murdered in 1274, he can have had no part in the murder of Roger Beler, when, if he had been alive, he would have been a hundred years old or more. It is, of course, at once evident that a pardon granted in 1267 could • Assize Roll 1411 B » Ibid. • IbidJ * Ibid THE MANOR OP ASHBT FOLVILLE. 461 have no reference to a murder committed in 1326 ; while Eustace the murderer, again, was not lord of Ashby, nor was Beler the king's chief justice. Such an error, while it illustrates the singu larly uncritical habit of Nichols' mind, does not increase one's belief in the accuracy either of the Woodford chartulary or of the Dods- worth MSS., if Dodsworth, which does not seem quite cleat, imagined that the perpetrator of the murder was Eustace, son and successor of William Folville. The knowledge which we derive from the Assize rolls enables us to correct Nichols' mistakes concerning the perpetrators of the murder of Roger Beler. Sir John Folville, the owner of Ashby and the head of the family, does not appear to have had any hand in the murder; but there is no question that the deed was com mitted by his younger brother. The relationship is proved by an entry in the same Assize roll in which it is stated that sir John Folville and others stood bail for Alice, the mother of Eustace Folville, who is obviously Alice, the widow of John Folville of Ashby who died in 1309, and the Alice Folville of the Lay subsidy roll of 1327. Nichols' attribution of the murder to the Folvilles of Eearsby is thus absolutely groundless : the Rearsby Folvilles did not, as he says they did, lose their estates in consequence of the crime, but continued in the enjoyment of them until they were transmitted through the heiress of Rearsby to the family of Kebell a hundred years later. If the murder of an old justice against whom the Folvilles of Ashby had a family grudge had stood alone, we should not have been so much surprised. The younger Folvilles, however, are shown clearly by the rolls to have been a lawless gang of robbers. •It is asserted in the Dodsworth MSS. that Roger Beler had made himself extremely obnoxious to his neighbours by his greed in ob taining lands wherewith to endow his foundation of a warden arid chaplains at Kirkby Bellars. Some colour may be given to this statement from the fact of the raid by the Folvilles on the warden and church of Kirkby ; but the rapacity of Roger Beler was more than equalled by the predatory habits of the Folville brothers. The legend that Eustace de Folville received his death wound in the affray which accompanied the murder is untrue, he lived for many years afterwards. On the Patent roll, dated 11 February, 1327, Eustace de Folville, his brothers Robert, Richard and Walter, together with John Lovet and others [named] received a pardon for causing the death of Roger Beler. Their names appear several times subsequently on the Patent rolls. The leniency with which the murderers of Roger Beler were treated was possibly due to the disturbed state of the realm in the year following the murder. 462 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Nichols' credulity in accepting the thirteenth-century Eustace, lord of Ashby Folville, as the murderer of Roger Beler led him into a further error. Although he quotes the inquisition of 1310, in which John Folville is given as the son and heir of his father John, he yet inserts in his pedigree a mythical Eustace as son and heir of the elder John, and treats the younger John as son of Eustace, while referring to the same John as lord of Ashby in 1308. Nichols is hopelessly inaccurate in his early pedigrees because he trusted to the stories of such compilations as the Woodford chartu- lary and to other abstractors' documents, instead of going to the originals and making abstracts of his own. Another inaccuracy is his statement that in 1326 Roger le Brabazon at his death held of Robert de Brus two knight's fees in Ashby Folville, both of which were at this time in the king's hand. This is obviously wrong : the inquisition post mortem to which he refers says nothing about Ashby, and probably Nichols mistook Saxby, where Robert le Brabazon held at his death the manor, as of the honour of Huntingdon, then in the king's hand by the for feiture of Robert de Brus. The embellishment of ' two knight's fees ' is doubtless the result of jumping to a conclusion upon in sufficient evidence. The honour of Huntingdon, forfeited by Robert Bruce, came into the hands of Edward ill's son, Edward, duke of Cornwall and earl of Chester, created prince of Wales in 1343. At Easter 1342 the duke, through his guardian, sued John Folville the elder, chivaler, for forcibly rescuing cattle at Ashby Folville which the duke's servant had attempted to impound as a distraint for customs and services unpaid.* In 1346 John Folville was assessed 30s. on the aid for knighting the Black prince, for three-quarters of a knight's fee in Ashby Folville and Newbold Folville, of the fee of Hunting don and Chester ; while Robert Helewell was assessed 13s. 4d., for a third part of a knight's fee in Ashby Folville, of the same fee. The rolls connected with Edward ni's. expedition to Crecy and Calais give some particulars of the Folvilles of Ashby.b Sir John Folville was probably too old in 1346 to go to France himself; but his eldest son, sir John Folville the younger, was one of the knights in the first division, nominally under the command of the prince of Wales, but actually commanded by the earls of Warwick and Oxford and Godfrey Harcourt. Sir John was one of the retinue of Thomas Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, and on 15 June 1346 had letters of protection available till Christmas. On 20 October 1346 a writ to the sheriff of Leicester directed him to supersede all de mands for finding men-at-arms, etc., upon sir John Folville the • De Banco roll 330, m. 30. " See Wrottesly, Crecy and Calais, [Wm. Salt Archaeol. Soc. Coll. xvm. pt. ii.] THE MANOE OF ASHBY FOLVILLE. 463 elder, as the said sir John had enfeoffed sir John his son in all his lands, and the said sir John the younger had served abroad in the retinue of the earl of Warwick. There is an entry of a similar writ, dated 20 June 1346 or 1347. Geoffrey Folville, the second son, and Henry Folville, the fifth son of sir John the elder, also served in the same division under the earl of Warwick. Their names ap pear upon the Norman roll for 20 Edward in. (1346) as receiving pardons on Warwick's testimony for any offences committed before the war, in consideration of their service abroad. Sir John Folville the elder was still living in the summer of 1348, as appears from a suit relating to the advowson of Ashby FolviJle, which will be mentioned in that connexion later on. The date of his death has not come to light, but probably he died about 1350, possibly during the pestilence of 1349. Of his successor, sir John the younger, who had fought at Crecy, we have little information apart from the gossip of the Woodford chartulary, which is scurri lous and not particularly to his credit. The pitli of the story is that he had a servant named Margaret who was well beloved of him.. Getting presumably rather tired of her, or wanting to do her, or more probably himself, a good turn, he palmed her off upon his third brother Christopher and took to himself a rich wife, whom the compiler of the chartulary inaccurately describes as an old ancient lady of Yorkshire that was the wife of the lord Marmion, by whom sir John could expend 700 marks. The old lady in question, was Joan, daughter of John, second lord Marmiou of Tanfield, and co heiress of her brother Robert, third lord Marmion, who died with out issue. She was widow of sir John Bernak : her age is unknown, but she may have been born about 1300. With the help of her money sir John Folville kept a great and worthy household at Ashby and was much given to entertaining, one of his occasional guests being John of Gaunt. This pleasant life, however, did not continue for many years ; for in 1362 sir John had the misfortune to lose the old lady by death, and, whether from grief, old age, or some other reason, followed her to the grave within a few months. Meanwhile his sistar-in-law Margaret, being a lady of resource and determination, saw her chance and, reinstating herself in sir John's house, inveigled him into giving her and her husband Christopher his manor of Teigh, co. Rutland, for their lives, although, as it was entailed upon his next brother and heir Geoffrey, sir John had no power to demise anything beyond his own life interest in it. Not satisfied with this, her appetite increasing with her opportun ities, Margaret stayed with sir John till he was dead, and then, possessing herself of his seal and title-deeds and charters, made false deeds for tho benefit of herself and forged the attestation, with the assistance, says the compiler, of Lawrence Hauberk, whom she 464 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. subsequently married. By her husband Christopher Margaret had a daughter named Elizabeth, who was married to sir Hugh Browe, knight. After Christopher's death Margaret married Lawrence Hauberk, and, after his death, sir John Calveley, knight, whom ahe also outlived. The compiler informs us that, shortly before her death, being stricken with remorse, she made a confession of her guilt and restored the deeds to the proper heir, who was Mabel, daughter of Geoffrey Folville and wife of John Woodford of Brent- ingby. There is a record of an action brought at Trinity 1860 by John Folville, chivaler, against William Serle of Luffenham for taking his horse, worth 40s., at Ashby Folville.3 This was in the palmy days of sir John's prosperity, when he is said to have entertained the young John of Gaunt. As we have seen, he died in 1362 ; the executors of his will, mentioned in 1362—3, were master Henry Folville, Richard of Leicester, Richard of Foxton, Lawrence Hau berk, Simon Pakeman and John Veysey.b After sir John's death, an action was brought by Lawrence Hauberk against William Woodford for the unjust detention of a bond by which Geoffrey Folville and his brother master Henry were bound to Lawrence in the sum of £300. This, as represented by Lawrence's attorney, had been delivered for safe keeping to William at Melton Mowbray on Friday, 21 January 1361—2, to be returned to Lawrence at the feast of the Assumption (15 August) next following; and William, though often requested, had not given it up and was still detaining it: wherefore Lawrence claimed £300 damages. William Woodford, by his attorney, acknowledged the receipt of the bond, the conditions of which were said to be as follows. It secured to Ralph Secchtvill, rector of Twyford, Thomas Gra, rector of Ashby Folville, Lawrence Hauberk of Grimston, John Friseby and John Veysy, chaplain, and their heirs free right of entry and seisin in the manor of Teigh, saving to Geoffrey Fol ville and his heirs the reversion of the services of all tenants of the manor who had not attorned to the said feoffees during the life time of John Folville, chivaler. If Geoffrey impeded such entry, he was bound, by warning of eight days, to take effect in case of his good health at the time of warning, to make compensation to the feoffees by granting to them, or at least two of them, or to others as appointed by the abbot of Ovvston, an estate by fine and deed of a moiety of the manors of Wath, Hunmanby and Langton- on-Swale, co. York, to hold to them and their heirs for ever, as fully and freely as they and the said abbot should ordain. By the delivery to them before the feast of the Assumption aforesaid of a remise and quit-claim made to Geoffrey by all who on his account * De Banco 1011403, m. 148. b Ibid. 412, m. 26gd. THE MANOR OF ASHBY FOLVILLE. 465 had any estate in the manor of Teigh, the bond should be cancelled and delivered to Geoffrey and Henry Folville. Otherwise it should be delivered to Lawrence Hauberk in its full force and virtue. William Woodford said that he was ignorant whether the conditions had been fulfilled or not, and asked that Geoffrey and Henry should be summoned. The sheriff was therefore ordered to summon them for Hilary following.* Woodford was also summoned for detention of a corresponding bond for £300 made at the same time by John Hauberk, knight, and Lawrence Hauberk of Grimston to Geoffrey Folville, which was delivered to Woodford at the same time, to be returned to them at Easter 1362. By this bond it was agreed that Ralph Secchevill, Thomas Gaddesby [called Gra in the previous document,] Law rence Hauberk of Clawson, John Frisby and John Veysy, or at least one of them, having as full estate in the manor of Teigh as they had of the gift and feoffment of John Folville, knight, should grant and demise the said manor before Eagter 1362 to Margaret, late the wife of Christopher Folville, chivaler, for the term of her life, with reversion to themselves and their heirs after her death. Further, after the same demise, the said feoffees agreed to grant the said reversion to Geoffrey Folville and his heirs, with their re lease and quit-claim of all their right and claim in all the lands and tenements lately given and granted to them by John Folville in Ashby Folville, reserving to John Veysy sufficient security for a yearly rent of 30s. lately granted to him for term of life from such tenements. They also were to remit to Geoffrey and all others who, after the death of John Folville, stood with him in the manor of Teigb, all manner of trespasses done by him or his adherents in the said manor. On fulfilment of these conditions, the bond was to be returned to Lawrence Hauberk of Grimston as null and void.: otherwise it was to be delivered to Geoffrey in full force and virtue. Woodford brought the bond into court and said that he was ready to deliver it to whom the court should adjudge, but that he knew nothing of the fulfilment of the conditions. Accordingly, Geoffrey Folville was summoned for Hilary, Woodford standing in mercy for many defaults.b These records bear out the story, at any rate in its main facts, of the conveyance of the manor of Teigh by John Folville to Margaret and her husband Christopher for their lives. They also sho v that in 1361—2, when the bonds were made, Christopher was ah\ady dead. The introduction of the three Yorkshire manors into jLe business is explained by the marriage of Joan, the Marmion co-heiress, to sir John Folville. The moiety of the manor of Wath was apparently part of the dower of her mother Maud, daughter of Thomas, first • De Banco roll 416, m. 457. * Ibid, m, 43;d. 466 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. lord Furnival, and widow of John, second lord Marmion. Maud died about 1360 ; and it may be remarked that, if her daughter, who died soon after, was an old ancient lady, she herself must have put that daughter's antiquity in the shade. John Folville appears to have released his right in the moiety, as of his wife's purparty of the Marmion inheritance, to Richard of Leicester, William de Burgh and Lawrence Hauberk, who granted the reversion of the moiety to him after Maud's death. Maud, however, did not attorn for her tenancy, and the reversion was subsequently granted by the said feoffees to John Mowbray, knight, and his heirs, to whom, by a writing dated 5 February 1363—4, the grant of the reversion to John Folville was surrendered by Geoffrey, together with a release of his right in the premises." Joan, the wife of sir John Folville, had been previously married, as has been said, to sir John Bernak, and held in dower at her death, of the heritage of William, son of sir John Bernak, a manor in Buckenham and the manor of Besthorpe, near Attleborough, co. Norfolk. William Bernak died a minor in the king's wardship, and on Joan's death the two manors were taken over by the es- ch ator. The Bernak inheritance came to William's sister Maud and her husband Ralph Cromwell, and on 20 November 1361 the escheator in Norfolk was ordered to deliver the two manors to them, as Maud was of full age, and the king had taken homage of him for all the lands which John Bernak held in chief.b Geoffrey Folville, the brother and successor of sir John, seems to have inherited the violentinstincts of his family. In 1364—She was attached to answer to Thomas Ashby of Quenby and William Ashby of Melton Mowbray in a plea of robbery upon them at Melton to the amount of 100s. Geoffrey asserted that the two Ashbys were his villeins, to whom he was not answerable. The jury, however, took their own view that they were freemen.0 A number of small suits in which Geoffrey was concerned occur during the next four years. At Michaelmas 1365 William Randolf was at tached for depasturing his herbage at Ashby and Newbold.d At Trinity 1366 John Veysy, vicar of Billesdon, whose name we have met among the feoffees of the manor of Teigh, brought an action against him for a debt of £i.« Veysy and another of the same feoffees, John Friseby, rector of Carlton Curlieu, were impleaded at Michaelmas 1366 by Geoffrey Folville and Ralph Swift of Ashby Folville for abducting servants before their term of engagement had expired'; and at Hilary 1368—9 Geoffrey brought a suit against Veysy for fishing in Geoffrey's preserves at Ashby Folville and taking away £10 worth of fish.* Veysy had been also an executor • Cal. Close Rolls 1364—8, p. 43. " Ibid, 1360—4, p. 225. c De Banco roll 419, m. 3190. d Ibid. 421, m. 531. • Ibid. 424, ra. zoid. ' Ibid 425, m. 306. t Ibid. 433, m. 333d. THE MANOR OP ASHBY FOLVILLE. 467 of sir John Folville's will, in which capacity he was sued in a plea of debt by Laurence Hauberk and Margaret his wife, executors of the will of Christopher Folville, chivaler, at Hilary 1376—7." The death of Geoffrey Folville took place before the end of 1369, as at Hilary 1869—70 we have a mention of Isabel who was the wife of Geoffrey Eolville of Ashby.b It appears that she married a second husband, John Kendale.0 This certainly seems to be the explanation of the claim to the manor of Ashby brought at Hilary 1382—3 by John Wodeford and Mabel his wife against John Ken- dale and Isabel his wife, in right of Mabel.d At Trinity following John Wodeford and Mabel, by Robert Sproxton her guardian, pur sued the claim as founded upon Mabel's descent from John Folville, chivaler, and Mabel his wife and their issue, to whom the manor was given (in 1316) by master John Sutton. The descent is given correctly from John Folville and Mabel to John Folville as son and heir, from John to Geoffrey as brother and heir, and from Geoffrey to Mabel as daughter and heir. John Kendale and Isabel could not gainsay this; but they claimed eight messuages, four carucates of land, 100 acres of pasture and 40s. rent in Newbold Folville by a writing dated London, 3 June 1383, by which John Wodeford and Mabel granted to them, for the term of the life of Isabel, all the estate which they had in the tenements, rents and reversion which formerly were of Geoffrey Folville in Newbold. John Wode ford and Mabel therefore recovered their seisin of the manor, while the Kendales retained their seisin in Newbold.0 John Woodford was son and heir of William Woodford, who died on 22 July 1369, seised of the manor of Sproxton, held of the prince of Wales by knight service as of the honour of Huntingdon. At the inquisition taken ten years later, John Woodford, aged 21 on 11 November 1379, is said to be his son and heir.' The Fol ville inheritance thus passed in the female line to the Woodfords. We read in 1378 of John son of John Folville of Ashby, knight, who brought an action of wrongful disseisin against John Weston, chaplain, and Richard his servant, who had disseised him of two messuages and two virgates of land in Ashby Folville. Weston, however, said that Folville was a bastard and so won his suit.8 It is possible that John the bastard may have been a pledge of affec tion given to sir John by the wily Margaret. - By a fine levied at Hilary 1389—90 between Hugh Browe, chivaler, and Elizabeth his wife, plaintiffs, and John Wodeford and Mabel his wife, defendants, Elizabeth's right was acknowledged in six messuages, a mill, and six acres of land in Ashby, Newbold and • Ibid. 465, m. 16. '' Ibid. 437, m. 361. ° This John Kendale was assessed 33. 4d. to the Poll Tax of the year 1377 [Lay Subs. 133, 26] under Ashby Folville, in which he is described as "John de Kyendale esquier, non terr. possess." d Ibid. 488, m. 4iod. ' Ibid. 490, m. 112. ' Inq. p.m. file 6, 3 Rich. n. B Assize roll 1488. 468 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Barsby; in return for which Hugh and Elizabeth granted the premises to John and Mabel and their issue for the yearly rent of a rose, with reversion in default of issue to Hugh and Elizabeth and their heirs forever/ It will be remembered that Elizabeth Browe was the daughter of Christopher Folville by Margaret, and therefore the first cousin of Mabel Woodford. At Trinity 1393 there was a suit between John Woodford and Eichard, Robert and John Hortope, John Porter, John Bramwych, Robert Houby the younger, Roger Webster and Thomas his son, and John Temmesse, who had broken his close at Ashby Folville, fished in his separate fishing and taken away fish to the value of 40s.b Robert Horetop was one of the defendants in an action for assault at Barsby, brought by Edmund Pykson at Michaelmas 1397°; while John Hortop was summoned at Easter 1403 by Robert Houby for breaking his close at Ashby.d These Hortops had been at Ashby before 1332, when Henry Hortop was assessed five shillings to the subsidy for his land there, and they continued to reside there until at least the beginning of the six teenth century. There is no doubt that they were the progenitors of the families of Hartopp, afterwards of Braunston, Freeby, Burton Lazars, Buckmiuster and Little Dalby. The only representative of these families who now holds land in Leicestershire (1920) is Mrs. Burns Hartopp of Little Dalby hall. At Trinity 1423 John Horetop and others sued Ralph Blak of Gaddesby, husbandman, for carrying away their goods and chattels by force with £20 from Ashby Folville6; but the family was certainly more often sinning than sinned against, and at Trinity 1425 John Horetop the elder, husbandman, was attached in a plea of felling and carrying away the trees of John Helwell, esq., growing at Ashby Folville, to the value of ten marks.f Nichols quotes the inquisition taken in 1401 after the death of John Woodford, who died seised of six messuages and six virgates of land in Wyfordby and a messuage and two acres in Melton Mowbray and Sysonby. Robert, son of John Woodford, was his next heir. Meanwhile, Mabel, the widow of John Woodford, held the manor of Ashby Folville for her life. In 1401—2 she was as sessed upon two knights' fees there held in chief immediately of the king; and in 1428 upon three-quarters of a knight's fee sometime held, while Robert Holewell had a quarter of a knight's fee some time held by John Holewell.8 She sued Thomas Smyth of Burton Lazars at Easter 1412 for adebtof£8h; Roger Loghton of Owston, husbandman, at Easter 1422, for rescuing cattle from the pound at Ashby Folville1; and Richard Wiyght of Weston, husbandman, at • Feet of Fines, Leicester. b De Banco roll 530, m. 231. « Ibid. 547, m. 409. a Ibid. 569, m. 303d. c Ibid. 650, m. 356. ' Ibid. 658, m. 3g8d. B Feudal Aids m. 104, 119, 121. h De Banco roll 605, m. 94. 1 Ibid. 645.. m. 66d. THE MANOR OP ASHBY FOLVILLE. 469 Hilary 1422—8, for taking away her servant Margery Wryght from Ashby Folville contrary to law." At Easter 1438 William Wy- mondeswold impleaded Robert Wodeford of Ashby Folville, chivaler, for a debt of 40s.b Mabel was slill alive at Michaelmas 1438, when she and Robert Wodeford were sued by William Grantham of Leicester, draper, each for a debt of 16 marks.0 Robert Woodford, according to Nichols, married Isabel, daughter of John Nevyll of Rolleston, co. Nottingham. No owner of Rolle- ston at this date bore the name of John. Thomas Nevill of Rolleston died in 1365 and was succeeded by his son William Nevill, who may have been the father of Isabel. Nichols gives the date of the marriage as Saturday, 5 May 1403. Robert died on 20 February 1453—4 : his heir was his grandson Ralph Woodford, son of Thomas Woodford, Robert's eldest son, who had died in Robert's lifetime. By the inquisition taken at Melton, 18 March 1455—6, Robert was found to have died seised of the manors of Brentingby and Wyfordby and a moiety of the manor of Knipton, and of many other manors which were divided between his five younger sons. The inquisition also gives descents from Brabazon and Folville; but the latter is incorrect and the former is useless, because sir Roger le Brabazon, [died c, 1316] having no issue, gave his manors of Sproxton and Garthorpe to one William le Brabazon his nephew ; and no-ona knows anything of the parentage of this William, or whether he took the name of Brabazon in consequence of the above gift. Ralph Woodford succeeded his grandfather Robert in the manor of Ashby Folville, although, according to the Woodford chartulary, Robert had a grudge against him and endeavoured, by destroying the evidences, to disinherit him altogether. He married Elizabeth, daughter of William Villers and had, with other children, a son William Woodford, who died in his father's lifetime. William left an only daughter and heir Margaret, who was married later to Thomas Morton, nephew of the famous John Morton, archbishop of Canterbury. From this point it is unnecessary to re-tell the later history of the manor, which has thus been traced through its Folville and Woodford owners. The advowson of the church of Ashby Folville was acquired by the prior and convent of Laund, but when or how is unknown. It was, however, in their gift at soine time between 1220 and 1230, when the rector was G. Basset. The chapeLof Barsby, dependent upon it, was served three days a week from the mother church.d At the institution of Seman de Len' in 1225 the due and ancient pension from the church was reserved to the canons of Laund." The church was taxed in the time of bishop Lexington at £5, and " Ibid. 648, m. i76d. b Ibid. 709. c Ibid. 711, m. 22gd. d Mot. Hug. Wettei (Cant, and York Soc.) i, 258. e Ibid..ii. 300. 470 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. in 1291 at £18, after deducting the pension of £2 due to the prior and convent. The list of rectors is as follows, but unfortunately is not very perfect. The presentation in each case, with one exception, was made by the prior and convent of Laund. 1. N.d. G. Basset. Hot. Hug. Welles i. 258. 2. 1225. Seman de Len', subdeacon. Ibid. 11. 300. 3. 1233, 16 April. William of Arthingworth (Erningworthe), subdeacon.a Ibid. n. 263. 4. 1237, 6 April. Alan Costein, subdeacon.b Rot. Grosseteste, pp. 393, 395. 5. N.d. Stephen Shorn. De Banco roll 355, m. 107. 6. N.d.° Walter Basset. Coram Rege Roll Hilary, 17 Ed ward i. A.D. 1289, m. 27. 7. 1292—3, 13 January. Master Walter of Lowthorpe, on death of W.B., after a lapse of six months, during which the church was commended to William of Stockton, canon of Lincoln. Lin coln Reg. i. fo. 283d. 8. 1312—3, 18 January. Walter of Thorpe, acolyte, on death of master Walter. Reg. n. fo. 207. 9. 1329—30, 23 February. Master Philip Aubyn, priest, on death of Walter. Reg. iv. fo. 128d. 10. 1341, 8 December. William, son of Richard of Keythorpe, clerk, on death of master P.A. Ibid. fo. 159d. 11. 1347—8, 12 March. Master Austin of Stockton, canon and prebendary of the prebend called B in St. Mary's, Leicester, by exch. with master W. of Kaythorpe. Instituted by commission by the abbot of Leicester. Reg. ix. ff. 339d, 340. 12. 1348, 8 August. William Gynewell, clerk," master of St. Leonard's hospital, Newark, Notts., by exch. with master A. of S. Ibid. fo. 340d. 13. N.d. Hugh of Willoughby. 14. 1354, 11 June. Thomas [Gra] of Gaddesby, priest, rector of Walton-le-Wolds, by exch. with H. W. Ibid. fo. 360. 15. 1373—4, 9 January. Ralph (sic) of Bromley, priest, pres. by John Parker,6 on death of T.G. Reg. x. fo. 260d. 16. 1381, 8 May. Thomas of Badby,f dean of St. Mary's, Shrewsbury, by exch. with Richard of B. Instituted by commission by the archdeacon of Northampton. Ibid. fo. 275. " Apparently sometime rector of Arthingworth, Northants. In Ret. Hg. Wuelles ii. 317, his institution to Ashby is dated in 1232. b Probably identical with Alan, rector of Abkettleby, who appears to have resigned at this date. c Apparently after 1272, from the details in De Banco roll 355, m. 107. 4 ; Archdeacon of Buckingham, 4 September, and prebendary of Leighton Buzzard in Lincoln, n October 1361. Exch. his archdeaconry for Lamport, Northants, 1380. Died c. 1390—i. * Apparently a lessee of the prior and convent. * Precentor of Lichfield 1340—79. See Assoc. Archil. Sac. R. and P. xxxiv, n— 13, to the account in which his tenure of Ashby and Southam should be added. THE MANOR OF ASHBY FOLVILLE. 471 17. 1382, 5 July. John of Barford (Berford), rector of Southam, Warwicks, by excb. with T.B. Instituted by commission by the biohop of Cov. and Lichfield. Ibid. fo. 278 and d. Barford apparently retained the rectory until the appropriation in 1408. In 1348 the prior and convent's right of presentation was impeded by John Folville, chivaler. An assize of darrein present ment was called, upon the prior's claim, at Trinity, when the prior won the suit and remitted damages. In stating his case, the prior gave the following list of rectors, which, while it adds one name omitted in the episcopal registers, is otherwise inaccurate in several details. Alan Costeyn, clerk, pres. by Robert, prior, temp. Hen. n. (sic). 'Seman of Lynn, clerk, pres. by Robert, prior, temp. Hen. n. (tic). Adam Casteyn, clerk, pres. by Reynold, prior, temp. Hen. in. Stephen Shorn, clerk, pres. by Reynold, prior, temp. Hen. in. Walter Basset, clerk, pres. by William of Somerby, prior, temp. Edw. i. Walter of Lowthorpe, clerk, pres. by the same, temp. Edw. i. Walter of Thorpe, clerk, pres. by John de Burgh, prior. Philip Aubyn, clerk, pres. by Henry of Braunston, prior. William of Keythorpe, clerk, pres. by the same, temp. Edw. n. (sic). The church was said at this time to be vacant by Keythorpe's resignation ; but, as a matter of fact, it was full, as the prior and convent had presented Austin of Stockton before the assize was called, and he had been duly instituted. One is forced to the con clusion that sir John Folville was making a ridiculous claim in order to worry the prior, or that the suit was merely a fictitious one, instituted as a preliminary to conveying the advowson to sir John. If such a proceeding was contemplated, it never took effect. On 29 April 1403 the churches of Abkettleby and Ashby Folville were appropriated to the prior and convent of Laund, and vicarages were ordained in them. The vicarage of Ashby was endowed with all the houses and buildings situate within the rectory with the garden adjoining, extending in length from the churchyard to the boundary of the town (ripam ville) and in breadth from the king's highway to the rectory wall; with a virgate in the fields of Barsby, tithe of hay in the meadows and fields of Barsby, tithe of wool and milk, and all the oblations and small tithes. To the prior and convent was reserved the tithe of sheaves and lambs and the live mortuaries from the whole parish, together with the tithe of hay from Ashby. They were charged with all burthens and with the distribution of six shillings yearly in money to the poor out of the fruits of the church.8 • Reg. xin. fo. iggd. •" 472 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. In 1526 the vicar's portion was taxed at £8, in 1534—5 at £9 Os. 0£d., and in the king's books at £9. The rectory, held by the prior and convent, was taxed for the subsidy of 1428 at 27 marks (£18).' The list of vicars is as follows. The patrons until 1538 were the prior and convent of Laund. 1. 1403, 9 April. John Hervy of Barsby, chaplain. Eeg. xin. fo. 199d. 2. 1407, 11 October. John Okeford, vicar of Kemberton (Salop), dio. Cov. and Lich., by exch. with J.H. Beg. xiv. ff. 146d, 147. 3. 1409, 11 December. William Power of Barsby, rector of Avington (Berks), dio. Salis., by exch. with J. Okford. Instituted by commission by the bishop of Salisbury. Ibid. fo. 160d. 4. 1419, 11 November. Ralph Power of Barsby, priest. Ibid, fo. 204. 5. 1464—5, 7 February. John Moddre, priest, on death of R.P. Reg. xx. fo. 217d. 6. 1465, 5 December. Robert Farnam, priest, on res. of master J. Moddere. Ibid. fo. 219. 7. 1466, 22 August. Thomas Cause, priest, on res. of R. Farnham. Ibid. fo. 220. 8. 1467, 17 October. John Somur, priest, on death of T. Causse. Ibid. fo. 221. 9. 1469—70, 23 March. William Preston, priest, on res. of J. Somour. Ibid. fo. 223. 10. 1476, 21 May. Robert Gybson, priest, on res. of W.P. Reg. xxi. fo. 70. 11. 1490, 26 March. Master William Hill, B. Can. L.,b on death of R.G. Reg. xxii. fo. 212. 12. 1503—4, 7 February. Richard Howtone, priest, on death of W. Bill (sic). Reg. xxm. fo. 248d. 13. 1505—6, 2 January. William Barnard, chaplain, on res. of R. Hoton. Ibid. fo. 254. 14. 1538, 18 October. William Wellis, chaplain,0 pres. by William Gregorye of Asfordby and Roger Wellis of Skeffington, by a grant from the prior and convent of Laund, on res. of W.B. Reg. xxvii. fo. 166. "Feudal Aids in. 113. b Probably William Hyll. who in 1468 had a grace at Cambridge ' quod quatuor termini habiti in artibus possint sibi stare pro Forma trium terminoium in Jure Canonico.' (Cambridge Grace Book A., ed. Leathes, p. 68.) ° Returned at archbishop Parker's visitation (MS. C.C.C. Camb. fo. 52); ' presbyter, non coniugatus ; mediocriter doctus; reside!; hospitalis ; deget ibidem; non licenciatus; non predicat; nullum - aliud beneficiumhabet.' THE MANOR OF ASHBY FOLVILLE. 473 15. 1575, 30 August. Thomas Haburley, clerk/ pres. by Francis Smithe, esq., on death of W. Welles. Lincoln Epis. Documents, p. 38. 16. 1580, 30 August. Richard Fowell, clerk,b pres. by Francis Smyth, esq., on deprivation of T.H. Pres. deed, 1580, no. 27. 17. 1592, 26 July. William Child, clerk,0 pres. by Francis Smyth, esq., on deprivation of [R.] F. Ibid. 1592, no. 78. 18. 1639, 28 September. John Phillipps, clerk, pres. by Richard Wright, clerk. Bishops' Certificates, Canterbury. 19. 1661, 3 October. Henry Eyton, clerk, 4 pres. by Charles lord Carington, viscount Berisford. Reg. xxxn. fo. 12d. 20. 1666, 22 August. Henry Alien, clerk, M.A., pres. by Francis lord Carington of Wotton, on death of H. Eaton. Reg. xxxiii. fo. 63d. 21. 1672, 26 June. Joshua Gilbert, clerk, B.A., pres. by Francis lord Carington, viscount Berisford and baron of Wotton, on res. of master Alien. Ibid. fo. 154d. 22. 1709, 5 August. William Parker, M.A., pres. by Anne lady Carington, on death of J.G. Reg. xxxvi, fo. 115. 23. 1723—4, 11 January. John Pagett, B.A., pres. by Keneth Mackenzie, esq., on death of W.P. Reg. xxxvm. fo. 18. 24. 1749, 4 July. John Carr, clerk, pres. by sir Jos. Danvers, bart., on death of j'. Paget. Ibid. fo. 489. 25. 1776, 21 December. Thomas Beaumont Burnaby, clerk, M.A.,e pres. by the honble John Grey of Parliament street, West minster, esq., on death of J.C. Reg. xxxix. fo. 284. 26. 1823, 14 August. Jervase Brown, clerk, at his own pres. on death of T.B.B. Reg. XL. fo. 334. 27. 1842, 29 September. William Foster, M.A., pres. by William Black, gent., on death of J. B. Peterborough Act-Book. 28. 1846, 29 July. William Acworth, M.A., pres. by William Black of Thorpe Satchville, esq., on death of W.F. Ibid. 29. 1853, 30 March. William Prosser,' pres. by the rev. William Acworth, rector of Rothley, on cess, of the said W.A. Ibid. 30. 1862, 4 December. John Boyle, at his own pres., on res. of W.P. Ibid. « Vicar of Bradwell, Bucks. 1578. 11 Ordained priest by the bp. of Peterborough 21 September 1576; ' scolaris' (Liber Cleri 1585, fo. 2jd.) Noted as possessing a ' qualiver' (Subsidy of Armour, isgo, fo. 8d.) c No degree; resident ; hospitable ; 226 communicants ; recusants 5 men, 2 women (Liber Cleri 1603, fo. 34.) Ordained deacon and minister 4 March 1585 by the bp. of Gloucester ; does not preach. (Ibid. 1614, fo. 114.) * B.A. ; deacon 25 June 1661, priest 29 June 1661, Lincoln ; admitted to preach 4 Aug. 1661 Lincoln ; resident. (Ibid. 1662, fo. 186.) e Rector of Asfordby 1777—1823. ' Of Pembroke coll. Oxon., matriculated 1820, aet. 19. 17-1 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 31. 1866, 24 August. "William Prosser," pres. by Sophia Catharine Boyle of Ashby Folville and the rev. George Charles Nesse of Saxelbye, clerk, on death of J.B. Ibid. 32. 1869, 9 December. John Godson, jun. M.A.,b prea. by Alfred Godson of Cheadle house, Chester, esq.,on res.of W.P. Ibid. 33. 1910, 29 December. Ernest William Hamper, M.A.," pres. by the rev. J. Godson of North Road, Bourne, Lines., on res. of the said J.G. Ibid. a Of Jesus coll. Oxon., matriculated 1851, act. 18, S.C.L. Magd. hall 1855, B.A. 1856, M.A.. 1857. Vicar of Wrockwardine, Salop, 1868—74. b Of St. Cath. coll. Cambridge. « M.A. Lambeth ; vicar of Gayton, Staffs. 1900—10. Coram Ed. Geoffrey • ———— 1 •John i. were dead A. Rege I Eustace 2nd D.. i nearly 1 ——— before tie 1289, s.p.l. husband Roll, Robert Folville=Joan 1 ' m. all 1363 Hil. Richard 27. concerned 17 1 She William died died Marmion s.p. in Walter vita de in the 1 1 1362 Folville patris. murder = John riiDIGIUE Di.-d Fine 1st Alice Robert = husband Eustace De rolllsom. William 17 1383, Bernak of Joan 1 1202/3 circa dead = d. Roger Banco William A.D. living. 12^0 in de de Lawrence heirto OF Eustace Geoffrey Beler 1275. Folville Folville dead dead de 1 FOLVILLE 1 her Merslet 3 i in Mabel de n 26. Folville = = 1277. uncle 1370 Juliara Folville daughter Robert Folville aged John John Patent = OF Isabel survived 23 de Woodford of A3HBY = roll in Eustace Folville John Margery 1309. Christopher 1217. dead Woodford FOLVILLE. = de Mabel 1362 = Es. Richard = daughter Margaret Folville of = Lawrence sir Geoffrey brother John died of Hauberk Eustace de in de and Folville 1309. Lemare heir Henry = = Alice husband survived her