Toxocara Canis Infestation with Encephalitis
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Infestation in a Central Nigerian Rural Community * ANOSIKE, JC
J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Mgt. June, 2006 JASEM ISSN 1119-8362 Full-text Available Online at All rights reserved www.bioline.org.br/ja Vol. 10 (2) 61 - 66 Studies on the Intestinal Worm (Helminthiasis) infestation in a Central Nigerian Rural Community *1ANOSIKE, JC; 1ZACCHEAUS, VO; 1ADEIYONGO, CM; 2ABANOBI, OC; 1DADA, EO; 3OKU, EE; 1KEKE, IR; 4UWAEZUOKE, JC; 4AMAJUOYI, OU; 5OBIUKWU, CE; 4NWOSU, DC; 4OGBUSU, FI 1Department of Zoology, University of Jos P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria 2Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State, University, Uturu, Nigeria 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria 4Department of Animal & Environmental Biology, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. 5Department of Industrial Microbiology, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The prevalence of intestinal helminth of residents of Naraguta rural community in Central Nigeria is presented. Out of 700 stool specimens examined between January and July 1999, 261 (37.3%) were positive for helminthic infections. Helminths encountered include Hookworm, Schistosoma mansoni, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Hymenolepis nana. Hookworm was the most predominant, followed by S. stercoralis, S. mansoni and A. lumbricoides with T. trichiura as the least. Intestinal helminthiasis was equally prevalent for males and females. However, infection rates were high among persons below ten years of age, in toddlers, housewives and farmers than others. Persons defecating in the bush harbored more worms (56.7%) than pit latrine users (43.3%). Free medical diagnosis in most rural communities in Nigeria are probably justifiable and should be promoted and/or sustained by government. -
Hymenolepiasis in a Pregnant Woman: a Case Report of Hymenolepis Nana Infection
Open Access Case Report DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3810 Hymenolepiasis in a Pregnant Woman: A Case Report of Hymenolepis nana Infection Venkataramana Kandi 1 , Sri Sandhya Koka 1 , Mohan Rao Bhoomigari 1 1. Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND Corresponding author: Venkataramana Kandi, [email protected] Abstract Hymenolepiasis is an infection caused by Hymenolepis nana (H. nana) and H. diminuta (H. diminuta). Hymenolepiasis is prevalent throughout the world with human infections with H. nana being frequently reported in the literature as compared to H. diminuta. Hymenolepiasis is more frequent among children, and most human infections remain asymptomatic and self-limited. Symptoms including abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting are frequently noted in the cases of heavy infections. We report a case of hymenolepiasis caused by H. nana in a pregnant woman. Categories: Obstetrics/Gynecology, Infectious Disease, Public Health Keywords: hymenolepiasis, hymenolepis nana, h. nana, h. diminuta, children, adults, asymptomatic, pregnant woman Introduction Human infection caused by the cestodes belonging to the genus Hymenolepis is called as hymenolepiasis. The cestodes are broadly classified as pseudophyllidean and cyclophyllidean cestodes. Hymenolepis species (spp.) fall into the cyclophyllidean group, which is characterized by the presence of four cup-like structures in the scolex/head called as suckers. The suckers are either armed (presence of hook-like structures) or unarmed (no hooks). Hymenolepis spp. are armed with the presence of a single round of hooks around the suckers. Among the Hymenolepis spp., H. nana is commonly called as a dwarf tapeworm and H. diminuta is referred to as a rat tapeworm. H. nana frequently causes human infections and may also cause infections in rats, whereas H. -
Onchocerciasis Presenting with Lower Extremity, Hypopigmented Macules William Vernick, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Stacey E
continuing medical education Onchocerciasis Presenting with Lower Extremity, Hypopigmented Macules William Vernick, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Stacey E. Turner, MD, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Ellen Burov, MD, Bronx, New York Gladys H. Telang, MD, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania GOAL To outline the diagnosis and management of the parasitic infection, onchocerciasis, or “river blindness.” OBJECTIVES 1. To describe the life cycle and infestation with Onchocerca volvulus. 2. To discuss the diagnostic tests for onchocerciasis. 3. To describe the treatments and their complications for microfilariae. CME Test on page 298 Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is a parasitic in- and rare microfilariae in the papillary dermis. Iver- fection caused by the filarial nematode, Onchocerca mectin is the treatment of choice for onchocercia- volvulus. It infects 18 million people worldwide, but sis and was initiated in this patient. We present this is rarely seen in the United States. It is one of the interesting patient with onchocerciasis to expand leading causes of blindness in the developing our differential of hypopigmented macules, espe- world. Although onchocerciasis is also known as cially in the African population. In addition, we dis- river blindness, it is not just a disease of the eyes, cuss both the diagnosis and the treatment of but rather a chronic multisystem disease. Clinically, onchocerciasis in expatriate patients living in onchocerciasis takes three forms: 1) eye disease; nonendemic areas. 2) subcutaneous nodules; and 3) a pruritic hy- popigmented or hyperpigmented papular dermati- nchocerciasis, or river blindness, is a parasitic tis. We present an 18-year-old African female with a infection of humans caused by the filarial 5-year history of asymptomatic, hypopigmented, O nematode, Onchocerca volvulus. -
Disseminated Cutaneous Larva Migrans in a 7-Year-Old Patient Larva Migrans Cutânea Disseminada Em Paciente De 7 Anos De Idade
J. Health Biol Sci. 2019; 7(1):101-103 doi:10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v7i1.2175.p101-103.2018 CASE REPORT Disseminated cutaneous larva migrans in a 7-year-old patient , Andrea Pinheiro de Moraes LarvaRobério Dias migrans Leite cutânea disseminada em paciente de 7 anos3 de idade 3 Victor Valente Lopes¹2,3 , Luís Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias¹3 , Nina Brunet Saraiva Rodrigues , Glaúcia Maria Lima Ferreira 1. Discente da Faculdade de Medicina na Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. 2. Docente do curso de Medicina na Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. 3. Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas (HSJ), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. Abstract Introduction Ancylostoma braziliense. Case report : Cutaneous larva migrans is a cutaneous infestation caused by zoonotic nematode larvae commonly due to hookworms such as the : Herein we report a case of a 7-year-old child to the Emergency Department complaining of erythematous papular itching lesions resolutionon his right of elbow, the lesions. wrist Coclusionand knee. He had no previous history of contact with sand or animals. The lesions in his right elbow presented impetiginization. Ivermectin 200mcg/kg/day treatment was initiated and oxacillin associated. On the third day of treatment, the patient was discharged with complete : The reported case assumes importance because it is a common and benign disease, but due to an unusual presentation Keywas notwords diagnosed: earlier. The disseminated form commonly may require hospitalization and prolonged treatment as presented. ResumoLarva migrans. Ectoparasitic Infestations. Dermatology. Infectious Diseases Medicine. Pediatrics. Introdução Relato de caso : A larva migrans cutânea é uma infestação cutânea causada por larvas de nematoides zoonóticos comumente causadas por ancilostomídeos como o Ancylostoma braziliense. -
Hymenolepis Nana Human Diagnosed Through Colonoscopy: a Case Report
iolog ter y & c P a a B r f a o s i l Journal of Bacteriology and t o a l n o r g u y o J Parasitology Alruzug et al., J Bacteriol Parasitol 2016, 7:2 ISSN: 2155-9597 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000265 Case Report Open Access Hymenolepis nana Human Diagnosed through Colonoscopy: A Case Report Ibrahim M Alruzug1*, Mousa M Khormi1 and Ibraheem K Alhanoot2 1Consultant Gastroenterologist, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2Consultant Gastroenterologist, King Fahad Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia *Corresponding author: Ibrahim M Alruzug, Consultant Gastroenterologist, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia, Tel: +2348033662485; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: Feb 17, 2016; Accepted date: March 04, 2016; Published date: March 10, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Alruzug IM, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Hymenolepis nana infestation is commonly diagnosed in school-aged children and very rarely reported in adults patients in Saudi Arabia. We encountered an adult Saudi patient with a H. nana infection. The patient presented with a chronic history of vague abdominal pain and diarrhoea. He had negative laboratory examinations as well as a negative report on stool sample analysis. After misdiagnosis of his symptoms as Irritable Bowel Syndrome and failed treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome, he was readmitted to hospital. After thorough but negative physical, systemic and laboratory examinations, and stool sample microscopy, the patient underwent careful ileo-colonoscopy. -
Journal of American Science, 2010;6(12)
Journal of American Science, 2010;6(12) http://www.americanscience.org Mitochoderial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox 1) gene sequence of the Hymenolepis species. Omnia M. Kandil, Mona S. Mahmoud, Nesreen A.T. Allam, Amira H. El Namaky Corresponding author: Kandil, O.M., Prof. of Parasitology, Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. Box 12622, Fax +20233370931, Mobile +20105414113 [email protected] Mahmoud, M.S., Prof. of Parasitology, Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. Box 12622, [email protected] Allam, N. A. T., Researcher of Molecular Biology and Animal Diseases, Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. Box 12622, [email protected] El Namaky, A.H., Researcher of Parasitology, Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O. Box 12622, [email protected] Abstract: Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta are the most common cestodes in humans, domestic and wild rodents. Since isolates of H. nana species are morphologically identical, the way they can be reliably distinguished is comparing the parasite in each host using molecular techniques. In the current study, Mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase gene especially codons within subunit 1 (cox1) of H. diminuta and H. nana Egyptian isolates from different developmental stages (adult worms and eggs) and hosts origin (human and rat) were amplified, sequenced and aligned. PCR products were approximately 700 bp, 702 bp and 715 bp of H. nana rat isolates, H. diminuta rat isolates, and H. -
Internal Parasites in Sheep and Goats
Internal Parasites in Sheep and Goats EM 9055 • February 2013 A. Villarroel What parasites are commonly found in How do parasites cause disease? sheep and goats? Most of the damage caused by parasites is due to Parasites commonly found in sheep and goats mechanical irritation of the tissues they affect and can be divided into two general categories: external the obstruction of an organ when there are too many (skin) and internal (organ) parasites. Because internal worms. parasites tend to prefer a specific organ, there are multiple types. The most common internal parasites in Lung worms sheep and goats are: lung worms (Dictyocaulus spp. or Lung worms irritate the bronchioles inside the lung Muellerius capillaris); stomach worms (Haemonchus and cause a local reaction with mucus and white blood contortus, commonly called barber pole worm); liver cells (phlegm) that are trying to get rid of the parasites. flukes (Fasciola hepatica); and intestinal parasites, The irritation and pain causes the animal to cough. the most common of which are coccidia (Eimeria or Isospora). Stomach worms Stomach worms are voracious bloodsuckers and How do sheep and goats get infested will destroy the lining of the stomach to access the with parasites? bloodstream. The destruction of the lining of the When animals “get” parasites, we refer to it as an stomach can cause colic (abdominal pain), diarrhea, infestation and not an infection, which is caused by anemia, and weight loss due to the animal’s inability to bacteria and viruses. digest feed completely. Parasites grow and reproduce in certain Liver flukes environments. Sheep and goats that live in those environments are at high risk of becoming infested. -
Cutaneous Larva Migrans: the Creeping Eruption
Cutaneous Larva Migrans: The Creeping Eruption Marc A. Brenner, DPM; Mital B. Patel, DPM Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is the most com- Hospital in Ontario, Canada, 48% of patients with mon tropically acquired dermatosis. It is caused CLM had recently traveled to Jamaica.2 CLM is an by hookworm larvae, which are in the feces of animal hookworm infestation usually caused by the infected dogs and cats. The condition occurs Ancylostoma genus of nematodes. It is confined pre- mainly in the Caribbean and New World, and dominantly to tropical and subtropical countries, anyone walking barefoot or sitting on a contami- although its distribution is ubiquitous. Eggs of the nated beach is at risk. nematode (usually Ancylostoma braziliense) are Ancylostoma braziliense and Ancylostoma found most commonly in dog and cat feces. In caninum are the most common hookworms Uruguay, 96% of dogs are infected by hookworms.3 responsible for CLM. The lesions, called creep- An individual is exposed to the larvae by sitting or ing eruptions, are characteristically erythema- walking on a beach that has been contaminated tous, raised and vesicular, linear or serpentine, with dog or cat feces. In a retrospective survey of and intensely pruritic. The conditions respond to 44 cases of CLM presented at the Hospital for oral and/or topical application of thiabendazole. Tropical Diseases in London, 95% of patients Humans become an accidental dead-end host reported a history of exposure at a beach.4 Activi- because the traveling parasite perishes, and its ties that pose a risk include contact with contami- cutaneous manifestations usually resolve nated sand or soil, such as playing in a sandbox, uneventfully within months. -
Toxocariasis: Visceral Larva Migrans in Children Toxocaríase: Larva Migrans Visceral Em Crianças E Adolescentes
0021-7557/11/87-02/100 Jornal de Pediatria Copyright © 2011 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria ARTIGO DE REVISÃO Toxocariasis: visceral larva migrans in children Toxocaríase: larva migrans visceral em crianças e adolescentes Elaine A. A. Carvalho1, Regina L. Rocha2 Resumo Abstract Objetivos: Apresentar investigação detalhada de fatores de risco, Objectives: To present a detailed investigation of risk factors, sintomatologia, exames laboratoriais e de imagem que possam contribuir symptoms, and laboratory and imaging tests that may be useful to para o diagnóstico clínico-laboratorial da larva migrans visceral (LMV) em establish the clinical laboratory diagnosis of visceral larva migrans (VLM) crianças e mostrar a importância do diagnóstico e do tratamento para in children, demonstrating the importance of diagnosis and treatment to evitar complicações oculares, hepáticas e em outros órgãos. prevent complications in the eyes, liver, and other organs. Fontes dos dados: Revisão de literatura utilizando os bancos de Sources: Literature review using the MEDLINE and LILACS (1952- dados MEDLINE e LILACS (1952-2009), selecionando os artigos mais 2009) databases, selecting the most recent and representative articles atuais e representativos do tema. on the topic. Síntese dos dados: LMV é uma doença infecciosa de apresentação Summary of the findings: VLM is an infectious disease with non- clínica inespecífica cuja transmissão está relacionada ao contato com cães, specific clinical presentation, whose transmission is related to contact principalmente filhotes, podendo evoluir com complicações sistêmicas with dogs, especially puppies, and which may progress to late systemic tardias em órgãos vitais como o olho e sistema nervoso central. Para complications in vital organs such as the eyes and the central nervous diagnóstico laboratorial, pode ser utilizado IgG (ELISA) anti-Toxocara system. -
First Two Cases of Gnathostomiasis in Sri Lanka S Samarasinghe1, B J C Perera2 and B G N Ratnasena3
First two cases of gnathostomiasis in Sri Lanka S Samarasinghe1, B J C Perera2 and B G N Ratnasena3 (Index words: Human subcutaneons gnathostomiasis, eosionphilia, recovery of complete larvae) Introduction had a pet cat at home. The mother admitted that she had given him Although it is a common infestation in the Asian region, partially boiled fresh water fish at times and unboiled water taken human gnathostomiasis due to the third stage larvae of from a domestic well. On subsequent follow up visits he remained Gnathostoma species has not been reported in Sri Lanka up well and the eosinophil count came down to the normal range. to now (1). The definitive hosts of this nematode are felids and canids, the former being particularly important. Humans Case 2 are aberrant hosts and the disease is characterised by A 48-year old man was admitted to the Chilaw Base Hospital peripheral eosinophilia and a variety of local manifestations with an 8-month history of intermittent fever, cough abdominal pain such as migratory swellings and inflammation of visceral and migratory subcutaneous swellings of the body. His wife brought organs. We report the first two cases of human a worm extracted from the tip of his right index finger. His ESR gnathostomiasis in Sri Lanka. was 116 mm in 1 hour. The white cell count was 9.5×109 per litre with an absolute eosinophil count of 4.2×109. The worm was sent Case 1 to the Medical Research Institute for parasitological evaluation. A 4-year old boy was admitted to the Lady Ridgeway He is a carpenter who had never left the country. -
Controlling Disease Due to Helminth Infections
During the past decade there have been major efforts to plan, Controlling disease due to helminth infections implement, and sustain measures for reducing the burden of human ControllingControlling diseasedisease disease that accompanies helminth infections. Further impetus was provided at the Fifty-fourth World Health Assembly, when WHO duedue toto Member States were urged to ensure access to essential anthelminthic drugs in health services located where the parasites – schistosomes, roundworms, hookworms, and whipworms – are endemic. The helminthhelminth infectionsinfections Assembly stressed that provision should be made for the regular anthelminthic treatment of school-age children living wherever schistosomes and soil-transmitted nematodes are entrenched. This book emerged from a conference held in Bali under the auspices of the Government of Indonesia and WHO. It reviews the science that underpins the practical approach to helminth control based on deworming. There are articles dealing with the public health significance of helminth infections, with strategies for disease control, and with aspects of anthelminthic chemotherapy using high-quality recommended drugs. Other articles summarize the experience gained in national and local control programmes in countries around the world. Deworming is an affordable, cost-effective public health measure that can be readily integrated with existing health care programmes; as such, it deserves high priority. Sustaining the benefits of deworming depends on having dedicated health professionals, combined with political commitment, community involvement, health education, and investment in sanitation. "Let it be remembered how many lives and what edited by a fearful amount of suffering have been saved by D.W.T. Crompton the knowledge gained of parasitic worms through A. -
Helminths and Helminthiasis
Methodenseminar Helminths and Helminthiasis I. Schabussova (SS 2014) Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine Medical University Vienna Introduction and overview • Parasites • Helminths • Developmental stages • Transmission • Life cycle • Localisation • Clinical presentation • Diagnosis • Treatment • Examples Parasite • CDC: A parasite is an organism that lives on • or in a host & gets its food from its host • Schmidt & Roberts (1985): "Parasites are those organisms studied by people who call themselves parasitologists“ • Latin: paras ītus - a person who lives by amusing the rich • Greek: paras ītos – a person who eats at someone else's table CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Parasite infestation & Parasitosis • Parasite infestation: presence of parasites in/on the host without clinical manifestation • Parasitosis: presence of parasites in/on the host with clinical manifestation (disease) Incubation period & Prepatent period • Incubation period: the period between the infection of an individual by a parasite and the manifestation of the disease it causes • • Prepatent period: the period between infection with a parasite and the demonstration of the parasite in the body - determined by the recovery of an infective form (oocysts, larvae, or eggs) from the blood, urine or feces; is usually shorter than the incubation period Host, Definitive host, Intermediate host & Reservoir • Host: is an organism that harbors a parasite, typically providing nutrition and shelter • Definitive host/primary host : is a host in which the parasite reaches maturity and, if possible, reproduces sexually • Intermediate host/a secondary host: is a host that harbors the parasite only for a short transition period, during which (usually) some developmental stage is completed • Reservoir host: can harbour a pathogen indefinitely with no ill effects.