Creating Space – the Satellite Revolution
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A Breath of Fresh Air: Air-Scooping Electric Propulsion in Very Low Earth Orbit
A BREATH OF FRESH AIR: AIR-SCOOPING ELECTRIC PROPULSION IN VERY LOW EARTH ORBIT Rostislav Spektor and Karen L. Jones Air-scooping electric propulsion (ASEP) is a game-changing concept that extends the lifetime of very low Earth orbit (VLEO) satellites by providing periodic reboosting to maintain orbital altitudes. The ASEP concept consists of a solar array-powered space vehicle augmented with electric propulsion (EP) while utilizing ambient air as a propellant. First proposed in the 1960s, ASEP has attracted increased interest and research funding during the past decade. ASEP technology is designed to maintain lower orbital altitudes, which could reduce latency for a communication satellite or increase resolution for a remote sensing satellite. Furthermore, an ASEP space vehicle that stores excess gas in its fuel tank can serve as a reusable space tug, reducing the need for high-power chemical boosters that directly insert satellites into their final orbit. Air-breathing propulsion can only work within a narrow range of operational altitudes, where air molecules exist in sufficient abundance to provide propellant for the thruster but where the density of these molecules does not cause excessive drag on the vehicle. Technical hurdles remain, such as how to optimize the air-scoop design and electric propulsion system. Also, the corrosive VLEO atmosphere poses unique challenges for material durability. Despite these difficulties, both commercial and government researchers are making progress. Although ASEP technology is still immature, it is on the cusp of transitioning between research and development and demonstration phases. This paper describes the technical challenges, innovation leaders, and potential market evolution as satellite operators seek ways to improve performance and endurance. -
IUS/TUG ORBITAL OPERATIONS and MISSION SUPPORT STUDY FINAL REPORT
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750016720 2020-03-22T21:57:01+00:00Z Prepared for the MAY, 1975 GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Contract No NAS8-31009 Huntsville, Alabama IBM No 75W-00072 IUS/TUG ORBITAL OPERATIONS and MISSION SUPPORT STUDY FINAL REPORT Vol V of V - Cost Estimates (NASA-CR-143857) TUS/TUG ORBITAL OPEFATIONS N75-24792 AND M-ISSION SUPPORT STUDY. VOLUME 5: COST ESTI ATES Final Report (Internattonal Business Machines Corp.) 184 p HC $7.00 Unclas CSCL 22A G3/13 26227 Prepared for the MAY, 1975 GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER Contract No NAS8-31009 Huntsville, Alabama IBM No 75W-00072 IUS/TUG ORBITAL OPERATIONS and MISSION SUPPORT STUDY FINAL REPORT Vol V of V - Cost Estimates Classification and Content Approval - '- Data Manager Approval Z2 Program Office Approval zC7 !4 PHILCO 490 Phico Fcrd Corporation Federal Systems Division, Space Systems/Huntsville, AlabmaWestr eopme Laorories son FOREWORD This final report of the IUS/Tug Orbital Operations and Mission Study was prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C Marshall Space Flight Center by the IBM Corporation in accordance with Contract NAS8-31009 The study effort described herein was conducted under the direction of NASA Contract Officer's Representative (COR), Mr. Sidney P Saucier This report was prepared by the IBM Corporation, Federal Systems Division, Huntsville, Alabama, under the direction of Mr Roy E Day, IBM Study Manager Technical support was provided to IBM by the Philco-Ford Corporation, Western Development Laboratories Division, Palo Alto, California, under the direction of Dr W E Waters, Philco-Ford Study Manager The study results were developed during the period from dune, 1974, through February, 1975, with the final report being distributed in May, 1975. -
George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Malshall Space Flight Center, Alabama
NASA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NASA TM X-53973 SPACE FLIGHT EVOLUTION By Georg von Tiesenhausen and Terry H. Sharpe Advanced Systems Analysis Office June 30,1970 NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Malshall Space Flight Center, Alabama MSFC - Form 3190 (September 1968) j NASA TM X-53973 I [. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. REPORT DATE June 30,1970 Space Flight Evolution 6. PERFORMlNG ORGANIZATION CODE PD-SA 7. AUTHOR(S) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT # Georg von Tiesenhausen and Terry H. Sharpe I 3. PERFORMlNG ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS lo. WORK UNIT, NO. Advanced Systems Analysis Office Program Development 1 1. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama 35812 13. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVEREC 2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS Technical Memorandum 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE I 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 16. ABSTRACT This report describes a possible comprehensive path of future, space flight evolution. The material in part originated from earlier NASA efforts to defme a space program in which earth orbital, lunar, and planetary programs are integrated. The material presented is not related to specific time schedules but provides an evolutionary sequence. The concepts of commonality of hardware and reusability of systems are introduced as keys to a low cost approach to space flight. The verbal descriptions are complemented by graphic interpretations in order to convey a more vivid impression of the concepts and ideas which make upthis program. 17. KEY WORDS 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT STAR Announcement Advanced Systems Analysis Office 19. SECURITY CLASSIF. (of this rePmt> (20. SECURITY CLA ;IF. (of this page) 121. NO. OF PAGES 122. -
Date. Projeed Future NASA Programs Planned for the 1970'S Are Discussed Under the Headings Skylab, Space Shuttle, and Space Station
DOCURENT RESUME ED 050 993 SE 011 364 AUTHOR Froehlich, Walter TITLE Man in Space, Space in the Seventies. 7MSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO EP-B1 PUB DATE Jan 71 NOTE 31p. AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 ($1.00) . EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.35 HC riot Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Aerospace Technology, *Program rescriptions, *Resource Materials, *Space, *State Agencies IDENTIFIERS National Aeronautics and Space Administration ABSTRACT Included is a summary of the Apollo lunar program to date. Projeed future NASA programs planned for the 1970's are discussed under the headings Skylab, Space Shuttle, and Space Station. Possibilities for the 1980's are outlined in the final section. (Author/AL) JUN 2 1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION . " & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECES SARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EOU MAN IN SPACE CATION POSITION OR POLICY Space In The Seventies Ilk National Aeronautics and Space Administration SPACE IN THE SEVENTIES Man has walked on the Moon, made scientific observations there, and brought back to Earth samples of the lunar surface. Unmanned scientific spacecraft have probed for facts about matter, radiation and magnetism in space, and have collected data relating to the Moon, Venus, Mars, the Sun and some of the stars, and reported their findings to ground stations on Earth. Spacecraft have been put into orbit around the Earth as weather observation stations, as communications relay stations for a world-wide telephone and television network, and as aids to navigation, In addition, the space program has accelerated the advance of technology for science and industry, contributing many new ideas, processes and materials. -
IAA Situation Report on Space Debris - 2016
IAA Situation Report on Space Debris - 2016 Editors: Christophe Bonnal Darren S. McKnight International A cadem y of A stronautics Notice: The cosmic study or position paper that is the subject of this report was approved by the Board of Trustees of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring or funding organizations. For more information about the International Academy of Astronautics, visit the IAA home page at www.iaaweb.org. Copyright 2017 by the International Academy of Astronautics. All rights reserved. The International Academy of Astronautics (IAA), an independent nongovernmental organization recognized by the United Nations, was founded in 1960. The purposes of the IAA are to foster the development of astronautics for peaceful purposes, to recognize individuals who have distinguished themselves in areas related to astronautics, and to provide a program through which the membership can contribute to international endeavours and cooperation in the advancement of aerospace activities. © International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) May 2017. This publication is protected by copyright. The information it contains cannot be reproduced without written authorization. Title: IAA Situation Report on Space Debris - 2016 Editors: Christophe Bonnal, Darren S. McKnight Printing of this Study was sponsored by CNES International Academy of Astronautics 6 rue Galilée, Po Box 1268-16, 75766 Paris Cedex 16, France www.iaaweb.org ISBN/EAN IAA : 978-2-917761-56-4 Cover Illustration: NASA IAA Situation Report on Space Debris - 2016 Editors Christophe Bonnal Darren S. -
USE of SPACE TUG to INCREASE PAYLOAD CAPABILITY of SPACE SHUTTLE by Edwin F
NASA TECHNICAL NOTE ti z Fa c m 4 CA z e '3c z USE OF SPACE TUG TO INCREASE PAYLOAD CAPABILITY OF SPACE SHUTTLE by Edwin F. Harrison and E. Brian Pritchard Langley Research Center Hampton, Vu. 23365 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. FEBRUARY 1971 I TECH LIBRARY KAFB, NM lllliilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllwlllll ~-. 1. Report No. I 2. Govemment Accession No. I 3. Recipient's Catalog No. 1.- NASA TN D-6241 1 I I 4. Title and Subtitle I 5. Rewrt Date I USE OF SPACE TUG TO INCREASE PAYLOAD CAPABILITY I February 1971 I OF SPACE SHUTTLE I 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. PerformingOrganization Report No. Edwin F. Harrison and E. Brian Pritchard L-7443 10. Work Unit No. 9. PerformingOrganizationName and Address 124-07-17-17 NASA Langley Research Center 11. Contract or Grant No. Hampton, Va. 23365 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Technical Note I Washington, D.C. 20546 15. Supplementary Notes i16. Abstract An analysis has been performed to determine the increased payload capability of a space-shuttle-space-tug combination over that of the shuttle only. In this mode of oper ation, the space shuttle is assumed to transport the payload from the ground to a low orbit (185 km). At that point, the payload is transferred to a space-based tug which completes the trip to the space station (located in a 500-km orbit). An alternative mode considered was the use of an earth-based tug which is carried to and returned from orbit by the shut tle. -
Shuttle Ground Turnaround Operations
1974 (11th) Vol.1 Technology Today for The Space Congress® Proceedings Tomorrow Apr 1st, 8:00 AM Shuttle Ground Turnaround Operations Robert H. Buckley Shuttle Turnaround Ground Operations Manager NASA/John F. Kennedy Space Center Kennedy Space, Center, FL 32899 Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Buckley, Robert H., "Shuttle Ground Turnaround Operations" (1974). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 1. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1974-11th-v1/session-6/1 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SHUTTLE GROUND TURNAROUND OPERATIONS Robert H. Buckley Shuttle Turnaround Ground Operations Manager NASA/John F. Kennedy Space Center Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 ABSTRACT The Space Shuttle is the first manned program requiring systems to have "reusability" built This paper will primarily address and define for within. The qround checkout philosophy utilized the Shuttle Vehicle elements; the basic aspects during previous programs, resultina in long check of ground turnaround operations being developed out dwell times, but as history records, the by the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). The current operations were very successful. Six months at baseline approach to ground operations will be KSC was not uncommon -
Space Tug Avionics Definition Study Fi Nal Report
REPORT NO. CASD·NAS75·012 CONTRACT NAS 8·31010 (NASA-CR-120659) SPACE TUG AVIONICS N75-27061 DEFINITION STUDY. VOLUME 5: COST AND PROGRAMMATICS Final Report, Jul. 1974 - Mar. 1975 (General Dynamics/Convair) 140 p Unclas He $5.75 CSCL 22B G3/19 29796 SPACE TUG AVIONICS DEFINITION STUDY FI NAL REPORT VOLUME V + COST & PROGRAMMATICS GENERAL DYNAMICS -,""!.-~ ;.. '~------- Convair Division Page intentionally left blank FOREWORD This final report on the Space Tug Avionics Definition Study was prepared by General Dynamics, Convair Division for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center in accord ance with Contract NASS-31010. Th;;J study was conducted under the direc tion of NASA Contracting Officer Representative, Mr. James I. Newcomb, and deputy COR, Mr. Maurice Singley. "'"'"'" The study results were developed during the period from July 1974 to March 1975. The final presentation was made at NASA/MSFC on 3 April 1975. Principal Convair contributors to the study were: Maurice T. Raaberg Study Manager Carl E. Grunsky System Task A Leader RichardA. Shaw l Guidance, Navigation, & Control William A. Robison I Edward J. Beveridge Communicaticlls Chuck R. Botts Electric Power Ron N. Roth Power Distribution Billy R. Lutes Interfaces Michael J. Hurley Rendezvous & Docking Task B Leader Lou G. Tramonti Flight Mechanics Edward J. Beveridge Data Management Task C Leader Bruce A. Gurney DMS Lou A. Saye Checkout Task D Leader James A. Burkhardt Instrumentation Frank E. Jarlett Simulation/Demonstration Task E Leader Lee E. Bolt Cost/Programmatics Norman E. Tipton Safety & Reliability Eric Makela Requests for additional information should be addressed to: Mr. -
SPACE TRANSPORTATION Contents
Chapter 5 SPACE TRANSPORTATION Contents Page Introduction. ..............103 The Space Transportation Industry . ................103 The providers of Space Transportation Services . .. ...103 Buyers of Space Transportation Services . ................122 Competition in Space Transportation . ......125 Development of Competition . ............125 Assessment of Demand . .................126 Nature of Competition . .. ...128 Effects of Competition . .. ....134 Cooperation in Space Transportation . ..............137 Current Policies. ........................138 Future Policy Options.. .. ....140 List of Tables Table No. Page 5-1. Ariane Flights . ..........115 5-2. Transportation Costs to Geosynchronous Orbit . ......................132 5-3. NASA vs. Arianespace Financing . ..............133 5-4. Companies That Contribute to Manufacturing Japanese Launch Vehicles ..139 List of Figures Figure No. Page 5-1. U.S. Launch vehicles . ..............104 5-2.The Hermes Spaceplane . ..................116 5-3. Foreign National Comparative Launch Vehicle Development. ..........118 5-4. Projection of Future Space Shuttle Demand Rockwell International. ...127 5-5. Outside Users Payload Model Battelle’s Columbus Laboratories . .......,128 5-6. Low Model Market Share by Launch Vehicle . ...............129 5-7. High Model Market Share by Launch Vehicle . .......................130 5-8. Arianespace Financing . ..133 5-9. Rockwell International Estimates That the Shuttle is Most Economical Over ELVs at High-Volume Operations. ............................135 -
Accidental Observations of Falcon-9 Second Stage Deorbit Burn Over
ACCIDENTAL OBSERVATIONS OF FALCON-9 SECOND STAGE DEORBIT BURN OVER EUROPE [2018 OCT 08/0340 GMT] REVIEW DRAFT 4 James Oberg jamesEoberg@ comcast.net December 16, 2018 HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE IN THE WESTERN US WATCHED THE SPECTACULAR ACT 1 FALCON-9 LAUNCH AND STAGE-1 RECOVERY ON SUNDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 7, 2018, ABOUT 7:21 PM LOCAL, SHORTLY AFTER SUNSET. MANY WERE INTENTIONALLY POSITIONED AND EQUIPPED TO OBSERVE THE PRE-ANNOUNCED EVENT AND POST VIDEOS. 11/7/2018 oct 8, 2018 Falcon9 deorbit burn 2 AN HOUR OR SO LATER, ACROSS NORTHERN EUROPE, IF THE SKY WAS CLEAR, PEOPLE OUTSIDE ACT 2 BEFORE DAWN WITNESSED A MOVING FUZZY BALL SPITTING A BRIEF FAN OF LIGHT FORWARD, THE NON PRE-ANNOUNCED ENGINE BURN OF THE SECOND STAGE TO SAFELY DEORBIT INTO PACIFIC OCEAN. ASIDE FROM A HANDFUL OF REPORTS FROM ENGLAND, BELGIUM, NETHERLANDS, GERMANY, FINLAND, AND ALL-SKY CAMERAS IN GERMANY AND ICELAND, THIS EVENT WENT UNNOTICED AND WAS NOT ACKNOWLEDGED BY SPACEX. 11/7/2018 oct 8, 2018 Falcon9 deorbit burn 3 REPORT STRUCTURE • 1. Mission overview • 2. Deorbit burn planning & predictions • 3. Viewing conditions in burn vicinity • 4. Review of previous burn observations • 5. First reports [Langbroek] • 6. Tracking down European observers • 7. Tracking down youtube comments • 8. Analysis and conclusions 11/7/2018 oct 8, 2018 Falcon9 deorbit burn 4 SIGNIFICANCE OF REPORT ON THIS EVENT • Provides explanation to the eyewitnesses • Provides further examples of SpaceX Falcon-9 stage-2 plumes • Deorbit, trans-GEO, escape, fuel dumping, and other kinds of events -
2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts
Federal Aviation Administration 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts May 2013 FAA Commercial Space Transportation (AST) and the Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC) • i • 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts About the FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 51 United States Code, Subtitle V, Chapter 509 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA AST is directed to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA AST’s website: http://www.faa.gov/go/ast Cover: The Orbital Sciences Corporation’s Antares rocket is seen as it launches from Pad-0A of the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, Sunday, April 21, 2013. Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. • i • Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 1 COMSTAC 2013 COMMERCIAL GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT LAUNCH DEMAND FORECAST . -
ESPI Insights Space Sector Watch
ESPI Insights Space Sector Watch Issue 8 August 2020 THIS MONTH IN THE SPACE SECTOR… FOCUS: EU SPACE BUDGET – A GLASS HALF FULL? ...................................................................................... 1 POLICY & PROGRAMMES .................................................................................................................................... 2 ULA and SpaceX selected to launch U.S. military and intelligence satellites ........................................... 2 Release of first U.S. Space Force doctrine ..................................................................................................... 2 New FCC licensing procedures for small satellites....................................................................................... 3 UAE will launch a navigation satellite in 2021 ................................................................................................ 3 Independent study concludes Department of Commerce best suited to take on STM leadership ..... 3 UK proposes UN resolution calling for a global discussion on responsible behaviour in space .......... 4 7th comprehensive dialogue on space between the US and Japan ........................................................... 4 Starliner first crewed mission no earlier than June 2021 ............................................................................ 4 Further increase in SLS development costs ................................................................................................... 4 Portugese Space Agency opens