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Ming China As a Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, and Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620 Weicong Duan Washington University in St
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Winter 12-15-2018 Ming China As A Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, And Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620 Weicong Duan Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Asian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Duan, Weicong, "Ming China As A Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, And Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620" (2018). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1719. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1719 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY Dissertation Examination Committee: Steven B. Miles, Chair Christine Johnson Peter Kastor Zhao Ma Hayrettin Yücesoy Ming China as a Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, and Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620 by Weicong Duan A dissertation presented to The Graduate School of of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2018 St. Louis, Missouri © 2018, -
China's Historical Research Since The
LA ALBOLAFIA : RE)ISTA DE HU,ANIDADES Y CULTURA NIU /UAN IE -24A1 -24A1 CHINA MS HISTORICAL RESEARCH SINCE THE NEE 317 CENTUR. ISSN: 2387 Niu /uanHie Renmin University of China RESU,EN Desde el inicio del 0roceso de Reforma y Apertura en China, se han producido grandes cambios y en la eco- noma. Estos cambios tambi3n han afectado a la investigacin histrica. Este artculo se centrarF en los nue- vos cambios de la investigacin histrica de China desde el inicio del siglo DDI. En el este artculo se hace analizan las diferentes corrientes de pensamiento en los estudios histricos en China en la nueva era y los vnculos inherentes entre ellos, y resalta la pluralidad historiogrFfica Lue se vive hoy en da en China. Donde el materialismo histrico estF en declive el artculo analiza sus desventaHas tericas y apuesta por la necesidad de Lue el materialismo histrico mar:ista se convierta en un materia sistemFtica y basada en la prFctica. A continuacin, se realiza una e:ploracin analtica de los contenidos bFsicos de la nueva perspectiva histrica mar:ista. Finalmente el documento aborda los diferentes enfoLues de la historia y su relacin con la naturale- za de los estudios histricos ABSTRACT Since the beginning of reform and opening in China, there have been maHor changes in the economy. These changes have also affected historical research. This article will focus on the new changes of historical research in China since the beginning of the century. In this article it is analyzed the different currents of thought in historical studies in China in the new era and the inherent links between them, and highlights the historio- graphical plurality that e:ists today in China. -
Perpetual Happiness: the Ming Emperor Yongle
Perpetual Happiness Perpetual Happiness The Ming Emperor Yongle shih-shan henry tsai university of washington press Seattle and London This publication was supported in part by the Donald R. Ellegood International Publications Endowment. Copyright © 2001 by the University of Washington Press Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tsai, Shih-shan Henry Perpetual happiness : the Ming emperor Yongle / Shih-shan Henry Tsai. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-295-98109-1 (alk. paper) 1. Ming Chengzu, Emperor of China, 1360–1424. 2. China—Kings and rulers—Biography. 3. China—History—Ming dynasty, 1368–1644. i. Title. ds753.6m43 t75 2001 951'.026'092—dc21 [b] 00–052771 The paper used in this publication is acid-free and recycled from 10 percent post-consumer and at least 50 percent pre-consumer waste. It meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. A8 For my wife, Dr. Hsiu-chuan Sonia Tsai contents Illustrations follow page 80 List of Maps ix Acknowledgments xi Preface xiii 1 / A Day in the Life of Yongle’s Court: February 23, 1423 3 2 / The Formative Years, 1360–1382 20 3 / The Years of Waiting, 1382–1398 37 4 / The Years of Successional Struggle, 1398–1402 57 5 / The Years of Reconstruction: Government and Politics, 1402–1420 77 6 / The Years of Rehabilitation: Society and Economy, 1402–1421 104 7 / The Emperor of Culture 129 8 / Yongle and the Mongols 148 9 / The Price of Glory 178 vii contents 10 / Epilogue 209 Appendix: The Children of Emperor Hongwu 215 Notes 217 Glossary of Chinese Characters 237 Bibliography 245 Index 257 viii maps 1. -
Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
WHC Nomination Documentation File Name: 1004.pdf UNESCO Region: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties DA TE OF INSCRIPTION: 2nd December 2000 STATE PARTY: CHINA CRITERIA: C (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (vi) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Criterion (i):The harmonious integration of remarkable architectural groups in a natural environment chosen to meet the criteria of geomancy (Fengshui) makes the Ming and Qing Imperial Tombs masterpieces of human creative genius. Criteria (ii), (iii) and (iv):The imperial mausolea are outstanding testimony to a cultural and architectural tradition that for over five hundred years dominated this part of the world; by reason of their integration into the natural environment, they make up a unique ensemble of cultural landscapes. Criterion (vi):The Ming and Qing Tombs are dazzling illustrations of the beliefs, world view, and geomantic theories of Fengshui prevalent in feudal China. They have served as burial edifices for illustrious personages and as the theatre for major events that have marked the history of China. The Committee took note, with appreciation, of the State Party's intention to nominate the Mingshaoling Mausoleum at Nanjing (Jiangsu Province) and the Changping complex in the future as an extention to the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing dynasties. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS The Ming and Qing imperial tombs are natural sites modified by human influence, carefully chosen according to the principles of geomancy (Fengshui) to house numerous buildings of traditional architectural design and decoration. They illustrate the continuity over five centuries of a world view and concept of power specific to feudal China. -
Student-Workers in Shanghai During the 1974 Campaign to Criticize Lin Biao and Confucius
“Masters of the Docks” or “Slaves to Work Quotas”? Student-Workers in Shanghai During the 1974 Campaign to Criticize Lin Biao and Confucius by Thomas Hoy Thesis in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts In the Department Of History Faculty of Arts Thomas Hoy 2016 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2016 Approval Name: Thomas Richard Hoy Degree: Master of Arts Title: “Masters of the Docks” or “Slaves to Work Quotas”? Student-Workers in Shanghai During the 1974 Campaign to Criticize Lin Biao and Confucius Examining Committee: Chair: Paul Garfinkel Associate Professor Jeremy Brown Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Elise Chenier Supervisor Professor Yiching Wu External Examiner Associate Professor Department of East Asian Studies University of Toronto Date Defended/Approved: February 22, 2016 ii Ethics Statement iii Abstract In early 1974, the aging Mao launched a campaign calling upon people to study China’s ancient history for lessons to help drive China’s modern revolution. Workplaces became the main locus of the confrontations and the Shanghai docks became a highly publicized site for the theatrical struggles that followed. But Mao had learned from his earlier mistakes and did not want politics to threaten production. When the two competing factions were told to reconcile, old-rebels who had been sidelined earlier were promised a fifty-fifty share of Party memberships. But the hundreds of thousands of student-workers in Shanghai were further sidelined. Once idealistic Red Guards, these young people had since become deeply disillusioned. As they were enrolled en masse to study modern Marxist interpretations of ancient Chinese texts their disillusionment only deepened and they turned their back on ideas of revolution to live very traditional lives. -
Ming China: Courts and Contacts 1400–1450
Ming China: Courts and Contacts 1400–1450 Edited by Craig Clunas, Jessica Harrison-Hall and Luk Yu-ping Publishers Research and publication supported by the Arts and The British Museum Humanities Research Council Great Russell Street London wc1b 3dg Series editor The Ming conference was generously supported by Sarah Faulks The Sir Percival David Foundation Percival David Foundation Ming China: Courts and Contacts 1400–1450 Edited by Craig Clunas, Jessica Harrison-Hall This publication is made possible in part by a grant from and Luk Yu-ping the James P. Geiss Foundation, a non-profit foundation that sponsors research on China’s Ming dynasty isbn 978 0 86159 205 0 (1368–1644) issn 1747 3640 Names of institutions appear according to the conventions of international copyright law and have no other significance. The names shown and the designations used on the map on pp. viii–ix do not imply official endorsement Research and publication supported by Eskenazi Ltd. or acceptance by the British Museum. London © The Trustees of the British Museum 2016 Text by British Museum staff © 2016 The Trustees of the British Museum 2016. All other text © 2016 individual This publication arises from research funded by the contributors as listed on pp. iii–v John Fell Oxford University Press (OUP) Research Fund Front cover: Gold pillow end, one of a pair, inlaid with jewels, 1425–35. British Museum, London (1949,1213.1) Pg. vi: Anonymous, The Lion and His Keeper, Ming dynasty, c. 1400–1500. Hanging scroll, ink and colours on silk. Image: height 163.4cm, width 100cm; with mount: height 254.2cm, width 108cm. -
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The People’s Republic of Capitalism: The Making of the New Middle Class in Post-Socialist China, 1978-Present by Ka Man Calvin Hui Program in Literature Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Rey Chow, Supervisor ___________________________ Michael Hardt, Supervisor ___________________________ Fredric Jameson ___________________________ Robyn Wiegman ___________________________ Leo Ching Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Program in Literature in the Graduate School of Duke University 2013 i v ABSTRACT The People’s Republic of Capitalism: The Making of the New Middle Class in Post-Socialist China, 1978-Present by Ka Man Calvin Hui Program in Literature Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Rey Chow, Supervisor ___________________________ Michael Hardt, Supervisor ___________________________ Fredric Jameson ___________________________ Robyn Wiegman ___________________________ Leo Ching An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Program in Literature in the Graduate School of Duke University 2013 Copyright by Ka Man Calvin Hui 2013 Abstract My dissertation, “The People’s Republic of Capitalism: The Making of the New Middle Class in Post-Socialist China, 1978-Present,” draws on a range of visual cultural forms – cinema, documentary, and fashion – to track the cultural dimension of the emergence -
Zhu Shuang Was the Second Son of the Ming-Dynasty Founder
taizu’s problem with his sons hok-lam chan Ming Taizu’s Problem with His Sons: Prince Qin’s Criminality and Early-Ming Politics hu Shuang was the second son of the Ming-dynasty founder Zhu ցᑾ (1328–1398; temple name Taizu ࣔ֜ల, orڹ Z Yuan zhang Grand Progenitor; r. 1368–1398) by his primary consort empress Ma ್ (1332–1382). The founder sired twenty-six sons and sixteen daugh- ters with empress Ma and a number of consorts, including Mongolian and Korean women, and even a consort of his defeated nemesis Chen -Youliang ຫ֖ᓪ (1320?–1363). (See the appended table of Taizu’s off spring.) Shuang was invested as the prince of Qin by the emperor in 1370, at fourteen sui, when the emperor revived the feudalistic institu- tion enfeoffing each of his male offspring to a princedom of semi-autono- mous civil and military authorities. As he grew to manhood and assumed charge of his fief-state, the prince of Qin turned out to be morally de- graded and inept. He repeatedly committed heinous crimes against of- ficials, the military, and the civilian populace. This essay documents a litany of indictments against the prince and the emperor’s reactions. It draws on Taizu’s edicts and ordinances preserved in the little-known imperial compendium Taizu huangdi qinlu ֜ల০ཱུᙕ (Private Records of the Emperor Taizu), and Jifei lu ધॺᙕ (Record of Wrongdoings), a regis- ter of the crimes and offenses committed by imperial princes. I analyze the impact of these negative acts on the revisions of the laws governing the enfeoffment system as contained in the Ancestral Injunctions, and the repercussions felt upon the imperial succession and related crises confronting Taizu during his rule. -
University of Reading Thesis Cover
Contemporary Chinese Independent Cinema: Urban Spaces, Mobility, Memory Tamara Valerie Courage September 2016 PhD Department of Film, Theatre and Television School of Arts and Communication Design DECLARATION I confirm that this is my own work and the use of all material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged. ABSTRACT Since the 1990s, Chinese independent cinema has been at the forefront of documenting contemporary realities for marginalised citizens in Mainland China. This began with the New Chinese Documentary Movement and exploded in the mid-late 1990s with the rise of what is called the ‘Urban Generation’ of filmmakers who mix fiction with documentary to make sense of urban transformations at the street level. Now, with the continued expansion of more affordable and portable digital video production, independent filmmakers have moved beyond their local parameters and urban aesthetic styles to explore, represent and imagine new ways to document reality for the everyday citizen. In recent years, scholarship on Chinese independent cinema has acquired greater significance in film studies, insofar as it has devoted itself to the analysis of the historical significance and lasting influence of the New Chinese Documentary Movement and the ‘Urban Generation’. However, in the past decade, increasingly active digital video practices in China have proliferated on the independent film scene, including an increase in amateur and grassroots filmmaking which has embraced realism in multiple and innovative ways through documentary, fiction and experimental films. In this thesis, I will address the question of realism in contemporary Chinese independent cinema, which I argue, remains under-examined and both requires and warrants closer textual analysis. -
Aspect, Tense and Mood : Context Dependency and the Marker LE in Mandarin Chinese Ljungqvist, Marita
Aspect, tense and mood : Context dependency and the marker LE in Mandarin Chinese Ljungqvist, Marita 2003 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Ljungqvist, M. (2003). Aspect, tense and mood : Context dependency and the marker LE in Mandarin Chinese. Department of East Asian Languages, Lund University. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Download date: 30. Sep. 2021 Aspect, tense and mood: Context dependency and the marker le in Mandarin Chinese Marita Ljungqvist Arin Marita Ljungqvist Arin Department of East Asian Languages Lund University Box 713 220 07 LUND, SWEDEN [email protected] © Marita Ljungqvist Arin, 2003 Printed in Sweden KFS AB, Lund 2003 ISBN 91-628-5623-5 To Tobias, my fellow traveller Contents Acknowledgements.................................................................