1986 Ix•• ,11 ,eIlIeUe. 86; either split entecedent of reflexive or split controller) A sequel to mu 1965 compilation oflinouistic examples scribbled in mu address book and various plmr.l of plIpllr; t offer no guarantee thlrt, if a3kt:d, I could 3a."••••hlrt the :rigniflcance of an." ·It distorted the •••••rld oubide itself" (John Varley, Blul! CIllmpl9nl!, 48) pertlculer exemple ••••as. - - James D. McCe••••ley ,recucllc YP-deletioD . An.,hon "Alot ofthis material can be presented In a fairly Informal and accessible fashion, and I often do· "We remind me a lot ofthe French Army on the eve ofthe first ••••orld ....ar· (WW, Dee 28 65; Ir" (Noam Chomsky, Till! 9'lnt'rltil"1l IJRtt'rpr;s" p. 41) refers to the compeny that WW 'WOrksfor) "Your seat belt should be fastened 01this time. To do so, ..: (MIMY Airlines, 4 Dee 86)

•... competill9 cleimants todau often understand veru well ••••hat each other 15dolno..: (Dell Humes Anaphoric islaDd. and John Fought, .4mu;cln Structur8lism, p.24) ·Mr. Condon, hov1no 'WOrkedfor many years as a fiI m publicity man before becoml no a .!!!!n!ll1 ('TM Manchurian Candidato', 'An Infinity of M1rrors', emong others) ...( NYTimes July85) .JW:. mother 15the onlu person llho knollS the truth about little Rachel ... the onlu person alive· (edvertl$f;ment for TVmovie 1965; beckllards anophoro first mention) TM BIll Sffti, ·Arthur, you're our editorial IIrlter. Why haven't you ~ritten ~ for thh Issue?· (Miss Peach, ·~eyes are llhot oman first notices about a 'WOman.So declared Havelock Ellis: (L. M. Boyd, SF 3 Apr 86) Chronicle, 11 May 65; becl:'W8rdsanaphora, Indefinite antecedent) "When!l!!. stood on the battlefield near Gettysburg and made his moat memorable speech, evory ·'f Bud calls for another dete ~Ith Tommie, tell him she's unavaileblo - - but I em g. (Apt. 3G, IIord hod been carefullu crafted bu Abraham Lincoln· (Rouko, 12 June 66) 24AUO 86) •...011of its small vanilla crop ••••ent to france. All, that is, except the fell beans brought back by tourists and the occasional shipment sent from his perents' home on the 151andto a man in los "This coupon h non-transferable nor replaceable" (mailing from field Museum, AUO.86) Moeles named Marc JoOO" (NYT Mogozine, 28 Sept 86) '1heir many friends ere hoplno that U.S. AR~als Jud~ Joel Flaum and his ••••Ife Thee ... can petch it ·It ••••os that more than anythi ng else that made Artur Rodzloakl 's name a household ~" (WfMT, up". (Kup'sColumn, t70et 66) 10 Sept. 66) "The Trial of lucullus- - Bertolt 8recht ... His victims judge a Roman ~neral.· lP NeIlS, Aut 86 "The stress of hosting her o••••n late night talk sho'Wis effectil'l9 Joen Rivers" (SNL, Nov 8 86) "Tisch ",ill be tM third head of the Postal Service in ea many (. three) years· (WfMT, 6 Aug 86)

"If you were your aunt, and you knell the sort of chop you were, 'WOuldyou let a fello", you k08ll to ·If \IOUare a chop' suey or cho'" mel n fan, you can get them ~lth vegetables, ...• (Pot Bruno, Sun• be your best pel tutor your son?" (Wodehouse, ·Jeeves and the Impending doom", 13) Times, 13 Dec 86)

"Only the previous summer, for instance, it hovino been drwn to his attention that the lotterl hod ., don't ~ont to upset her any more then she 01reedy Is" (Toles from the Dorkslde) reported hi m for smokil'l9, he hod marooned a cabi net Ministeri on on island I n the lake ...• 1.IIDd. (Wodehouse, "The love that purifies·, 166) "I got to do things In that film thet, if you did g on the stroet theU'd send \IOUwey" (lee Mervin, quoted in PlrtJd" Apr 1786) A: Did lie heno on Innocent man? B: I hope not. I pray to Godnot. ("Execution·, T••••i1ight Zone, 1 Apr 60) ·For examplo, you got the definition of variable ea case- marked trace as a theorem, ",hlch I don't see boll to get g from the simpler formulation· (Noom Chomsky, TIlIl IllnlJr8ti~'1l IlntlJrpnSIl, "That gun Is Sam's gun. He shot b1.m\oIIthhl! OlIn gun" (Suspense, "CIrcumstantial terror·) p.90)

·Ironically, It is easier to get out otahall! than into u" (NYTsupplement, 28 Sept 86) We have more moneYi than ",aknw ",hat2 to do g2 with g 1. "She ",ea the first ",oman to \olina governorship ••••ho did not succeed her husband· (Tribune Nov 5) ~htch politicians 1 did Smith ask IIhlch relatlves2 of g 1 the FBI lias Investl(latl no fJ 2? Coordinate .tructure constraint ·Burkel allegedly slandered Melai n in order to further the 10th ",ard aldermanl's political goals· "The ABAdefines 'American' very loosely -- 'any place •••••think It •••••uld I1efun to travel to if and (WFMT, Nov. 86) toke the ",hole thing off our taxes'" (Roger Simon, OCt 20 86) "' believe In a lot of analusls early In the game, IIhlch I then consciously abandon if and run IIlld· reflexives (Ellen Tooffe Z••••l1ich, quoted In NYTimes Magazine, July 14,85) ·,t ",ill turn out later ... that this solution has much to recommend l18elf" (van Rlemsdijl: & ·It's probably ooen there all along and I just haven't noticed it" (both conjuncts in scope of WilIlems, IntrQl/uction to tll, tltllorv gf 9r8mmlr, p. 125) pro1J81J1V) "Tha receptionist sold to sit over here and someone IIould call me· (infinitive conjoined with tlllt ·He claims that Previn ",as Glullnl's first choice to succeed himself· (NVT Magazine Mau 486) clouse) •...a fur coot is for looking at B and going 'Wwl'·. (Wl1llam Safire, NYT,86) •... hh ~Ife Fatl ma, ••••ho concocted a fantastic scheme to get themselves out of debt· (WfMT, feb

2 ·Better keep a civil toW.!!! i n \/Our heed or ve11 heve to cut i!out· (SNL skit: Rand",Quaid es Surflel const rei nb sadistic naval captain) Order of YP elements •...if \/Ougo up to someone much smeller then \/Ouin a bar and give him tip-, \/Oumust acept the "Come on, hone"" let's stop and pick up the kids a fun meal· (Mother Gooseand Grimm, Apr 14 risk that i!might be split· (Mike Ro",koon Bill", Mertin, Me", 5 86) 86) "You used to speek elenguege I couldn't understend B·, Anthon", said .• No-".I cen~: (NYT Megezine, ·Then I'm outl here - - if I can get the job done before I pess out, or the ,appie couple shows 1 June 86, p 42) beck UI( (Dick Trac"" 23 Ha", 86; original boldfece) ·There were no .•••omen included in the faculty, and it .•••a8 to be some time before there vere B·. ·I'd have to give it beck up" (July 86) D.Tannen, 25 June 85. ·He won't giee us it back" (Fred Bassett, 14 Aug 86) "Stocks fall 86 - - biggest ever· (Sun- Timese headline, 12 Sept 86; f811N deleted under identity "Him we give a bulk rate" (·Newton I·, Th"ilipltl1'onff 86) •••ith f811 r) Comp-trece "Who .."es it /if persuaded thet Fari no gu", to give hi meelf up7· (Nightfall: The Willoughby ·'f you don·t indulge_lJ!!urself, nobody wi11i" (i = indulge you; Garfield, 10 Nov. 86) Obsession·) cf: ??It wes Smith persuaded ... 711 •••ant to meet the person •••ho it 'w'8Spersuaded ... Soldier: ·Lt. flap calls you ·man"· lieutenant: ·Lt. flep is an officer. 'Han' from him implies no disrespect! Yours doe, .0',. Control (.0' = 'imply some disrespect'; Beetle Beiley, 9 Jen 86) "Toevoid exceeding the limits, two aging Poseidon submerines .•••iIl be scrapped· (WFMT 27 May) ·'fthey're satisfied with the errellf,lements for his protection, then so em I. Andso should you·. ·,t costs YOUover $1,000,000 a vear to clean up B· (CTA message about gnffltl) (T"'i1ight Zone) "The •••ord hasn't been used, but it must· (Tribune,S Nov 86) "This happens especielly frequently when B trying to reach numbers in New York· (Tribune) ·,t might be objected, es I think Jerry Ketz hes B, ..." (J. H1gginbothem, 25 July 86) Adverbs "You11alwaus be certain to pour your guests a vine you feel confident i testes just es you me it". (Dee Coutelle, Sun- Times, Aug 86) . "Internationally, agein, ..." (WFMT news, 13 Ma", 86)

Plnsmc 91P "The font cen then easily be chenged· (MacUser, JulU 86, p 17) It's the onl y la•••that ignorance of B excuses violations of B. "Thet •••es the call' shoul,d have never ans'w'ered· (Suspense, 5 March 49) Agreement "Up to this point the exemples end terminology have been non-controversial·. (me for reviw) Smith no•••here cites Bro•••n's monograph. 7?Smith nowhere feels safe. (OK only •.••hen it conveus 'never'?) "The audience ves laughing themselves sick" (Good Morning America movie revie •••) ·Ifthere·s ever e fire in our home, ..." (Drabble, Oct. 1286) ·None of the deputies ~ ever brought to trial· (Stephen King, It; 503) ., can·t believe that he'd now be Interested in enyone else" (Rex Morgan H.D., 12 Oct 86)

"You're the kind of person .•••ho driv81 wurself to the limit·. Conjoining RNR I broke two legs last yeer. (uttered by Mefie enforcer) "[It 'w'8SJsomething the edministrators who selected and the teachers who usedJ! .•••ere incepeble of I broke a leg twiee lest year. (uttered by eccident-prone person) foing or un'w'tlli ng to do· (RNR of il; R. Damerell, ldUCBtion '$ $fI'/(}tinp pun, 135)

'dontit, Is the title /I TurN! or Un Turcq in 1181i87 ·But he d1dn't knoc" me out. Just do'tt'n·, (quote in Royko column, 3 Jan 86) ?Is the title /I or Un Turcb in II81i87 (RNR sensitive to constituent structure of quoted 'oreign materiel 7) [The blestoff .•••es aborted .•••hen) ·computers detected e malfunction that turned out to be a false alerm· (WFHT, 6 Jan 86) •...an investigation of security procedures et Chicago's O'Hare and Ne'tt'York's Kennedy aIrports· :WFHT news, 13 Mey 86)

JR: ·Have IJOU gohnuthing for it?· ( •• for next issue of work1 ng pepers) JMcC: "I probably ••..m·. (*1 probably .•••111have got something) 'In addition to the mechanics of whet knobs to twist and S'w'itches to fli p-that controlled the nicrophone, ...• (R. Demerell, Eduuti()(f '$ .tmbtinp pun, 154)

'7 4 al nging. (Leopold 5tO'w'k0'w'8ki,recorded in Philedel phia Orch. pention fund concert, mid 30'a) John ••••s so angru and Meru «'w'88) so) depressed that I couldn't tal Ieto either of them. (NB possi bilitv of omitti ng SQ; in eddition, splitenteeedent) ·1 seemed to feel that somethi ng ",as going to go .••rong 'w'ithit... aomething that wuld not be able to be put right ageln for at least a couple of hours· (Wodehouea, C,rr, 1111,J,,~',s,226; Raising "Even ••••hen theU put bums on the field, theU drw enoUQhfans and meleeeooUQhfrom televlslon to 'w'ith abM pay the bills" (Royleo, 7 July 86) ·He did not rule out that allles \&IOulddisapprove· (WFHT, Dee 86) ·That'w'88 Ellen Teafe Z",lIIch's C,',br,tfllll, .••ritten for, and performed by, on that recording, the lnd1enapolis Symphony Orcheatra· (WFMT, 12 sept 86; PP from second conjunct moved into •... mv Aunt Agatha...•• nt me over to America to trv to stop \IOungGU8Iie,mv cousin, merr\ling a 'gap' of RNRconstruction) Virion the vaudevilla staoe· (Wodehouse, Carrv DR, .h,,..,s, 33; NB no frlllft)

e.t ••• r, tdeltitV of coljunets "Corlev's uncle 'w'88' robust sort of cove, ••••ho looked IIleeIlvlng forever· (Wodehouea, C,rrv 1111, ·Andthose .••ho are named as the recIpients of hIS goodness 'It'fll be expected ... to produce some J,,~',s,34) ev1dence that they reallv received itend hO'w'theV apent It·. (Mllee Royleo,Mey 6 86) ·But that 'w'88 not to sav he couldn't have hired it done·. (King & Straub, Tit, T,lislft'lI, p.602) ·111let \IOUout and play on the stairs· (cf .... go out and ...) ·Do rich people .••rite theIr O'w'nChrlstmes cards or do thev hIre them done?· (SlIIV Forth, 12 Dee 86) •... the Communist government has promised him.nd his 'It'ff. screen careers and to put thel r eldeat daughter in ballehehool· (Tribune, 12 Apr 84) COlllple•• tizer .leefien '" have kRO'w'nmen call upon Mr. Todd'vIith the express Intention of horSeYhipplng him ...• . "Terrv's crime .••as that he \t'8Sengaoed In pol1tical actions that requtred [a gun and other people to (Wodehouse, Carrv 1111,J,",',S, 230; no tll) turn money over to him)· (5un- Times) ·He said he could!!mU2 be scared, but he hated being dtrtV· (Stephen King, It, 501) "These things [could have and had) been dtscussed· (5tephen KIng, It, 845) Co••,.raUye "Toour enormous surprise, but not (??to) Aun's,lt all came true· (Branden, Th, PassiM IIf It ",as just as stupid for John to merru Meru as for Haru to marru John. 14VII Rand, 181) . It \t'8Sjust as stupid of John to marry Mary as it .••as of Haru to marru John. * of HarV to merrv John. ·'f a QIrl had sex out of ••••edlocle, she got IlllQllIIl1 or b1Uv.!.!J:l&K or both" (RoQer 51mon, 15 Dee 86) "' partlcul.rly'w'ish \IOuto be 0$ mtle of an ImbecUe as you can manege· (Wodehouse, .Jeevea end the Yule-tide Spirit·, 52; *He Is little of an Imbecile) Extractions are possible neither from 51 nor from 52' ??Extractlons neither from 51 nor from 52 .re possl ble. ·listen, Bortie·, seid Aunt Dahllaearnestly, ·"m an older wman than \IOu.re - ••••11,you kRO'w' .....hatI maan· (Wodehouse, "The spot of .rt·, 115) HtlC. Intorr ••• Uve .HeY but not existing meters ..,ould be required to provlde receipts to customers· (WFMT RaYS, A: [What .bout) \IOUQUlJS? 24 June 86; ambiguity "'.r.t. locus of conJ01nlno) B:Who lJUlJS?(overheard, Hay 2486)

The Yankees have finished first and the RedSox second on several occasions. (Gapping in Jon Lov1t2:Youbest.rd. complement of auxl1larv y) Dudley Hoore: I .••hat? (5NL, 1986) ats e'.III•• I ..••ant to IeRO'w'the reason .••hy. *the person "'00. Hefulfilled their requests IS fast as \t'8S possible (*to). *the thing ••••hleh. *the place .••here. He fulfilled their requests as f8st as it ••••as possible to/*'. ?the ••••\1 ho.••. *the time .••hen.

There's 8 goodchance (that) it .••1II be out by september. (roMP-del) BS: You.ren't supposed to. JS: What eren't \IOUsupposed to? (26 sept 86) I couldn't maleeup my mlnd which .•••y I .•••nted to go. (P-deJ)

He ..••••1l1sto lenow••••hat ",omen •••••nt that men don'" (is thb Extr.posltlon from ",'hat 1)

·L.st time everyone in the Academy of Music 'w'88singing except one music critic. I sa••••him not n.ro-I"'rtt •• "Consecutive" rel.tive On Thursdel,lthere Yill be 1IllfollMIlI,J events: ... •...1french pltrol bOlt fi red on t••••o Spanish tr ••••lers thet it then clptured end chlrget! 'w'Ith illegal fishing" (Tribune, 6 March 64; NB tlt,l) Theteue: ...there need none to be bl.m'd. (MIdsummer Night's Dreem, V.i.) "...1list ofsuggestions ••••hich •••••re grlteful1\1 Incorporated Into the 'WOrk·(George Stone, 20 Nov 'essi •• 86) "Thelj've been set fire to '". Omi •• ion of 11#1 "Addisonhid acored. brIef trIumph ..nth hts poetic traged\l 'Ceto', ••••hlch h8d the distinction of the person ••••ho/thatl.0' we recentll,l visited. l!nnO !!CtedlD!lu boll.b" the future killl,JGeorge III" (NYTArts, 14 sept 86) the person ••••ho/thet/??.0' recentlv •••••visited. (ergues thet omIssIon depends not just on retention of subject but on its being i nittal) To"Ia-lto ceNtrlc«o" "lel1lJ slllJQeStedthe current brend of terrorism mel,lbe belJOndthe eb1l1tl,lof titr1l nes to handle" Pseuoclen (Chlcego Tribune, Apr 86) ''WhVwe quote people is to pIn them down· (J. Sedock, Mev 12 86)

"That's unforotveble to do" (Cl1cC, 19 Dee 85) "Who I compered him to ••••ee Slmuel Beckett· (Philip Roth In NVTBook Revl•••••, Me\l18 86)

"It's en _1,1 jOb to do bed11,1,nd• thankless one to do •••••11"(Peul Helmot, I ••""' 1# II , ffilCen •••••• ce •• trlcUons ""th,,,,,ffcfllh, 356) "Whet's ellght doing on up there?· (Nightfell: Mendsoff) "Whet's a plano doIng up hereT (Tv1l1ght Zone, 11 Dee 86) PP II IIIJect If P "The\l'l be here until June, but t!leVdon't know ebout Ifter thet .. (B. Tlmulvnes, Apr 1486) "It's mv fevorite station In the vhole 'WOrld,let elone Chlcego" (Michael Pali n, WXRTcommercial; cf In Chlcaoo") ReleU'" clease c.nstracUons I.natti •• l roleU •• "Youkno••••who he should talk to Is Gordon· (SNl, 13 Dee 86) Thet's somethlll\l not even to job ,bout. ??That's sometht ng .bout vhlch not eVen to joke. Ht ac. ellt pais ''Windows are for lookln' t"rouvll, Dollg, not et'" (Femllv Circus, Apr 86; original boldface) Rudolfb e good person vhose brtltns to plcle. (non-PP In COMPposltton) "Freudt.ns .ren't my idee of people ••••hose vord to tlke· "' can thl nk of 'WOrsepeople vhose vork to redo" ".0'i Re8dvto take I chence egein? '; TIred of emptg reletnshps? .0'j ll:ng for I 'WOmenof beeutv [...I.0'j Want a best frOO, e pert to build elife end poss. femil.,,: (Chi. Tribune ed, Meg86) ".r •• trtcU'II "Steele merket prIces ere down, 1:8_ bl,lconcern over ..: (WFMT, Nov 86) "Whose name alvays heeds the I1st? George Will's name, thet's vhose· (Russell Baker, NYT Hegezine, 29 June 86) "The lest 'WOrdsof the operur. K8benlche's, ••••ho sevs ...: (WFMT, Nov 86; MBgenittve antecedent) ., can't seem to chenge thIs tgpevrlter rIbbon· (Beetle Beneg, 8 OCt.86)

Ilolll,JsP8!!Chbg Jeeves). HeYlno VOl••••bleh off the old dllphregm, Jeeves fell silent. (Wodehouse, S,.tlettc .toR,m, (telescopt"" ete.) C,rr9 #", J88."", 98: V'p1edptptng?) •...there ••••ere engIneers on the ground ••••1Iofeered preciselv vhet finally heppened· (= ...thet precisely ••••het flnall\1 happened 'WOuldheppen; MIke Regko, Feb 21 66) Reduc" ••• restrtctive 'll1e illInois Supreme Court throvs out the deeth penllt\l for I men ""ho kl11ed~P.!.nIJ 'w'Ife ·He doesn't know whet heppened, but he suspects,· (M. Winters, 12 /lug 86) end baby" (Chlcego Tribune, 13 M8'186) John likes tennIs, began the ertlcle vesterdey, etc. free releti". Thet'a not haY I thinl:, (W. SIfIre column, Feb 9 86) enlmete subjects, humen objects, etc. *Youthink ilo'llIithink. ·l11ness... hed skinned do••••n her fecund aged her. quick t•••••nt\l \l88r8. (King & Strlub, ,It, Extre,..ttt'll TaUsrrt8h, p. 535) "l1'sa colleague's question thet iYeS sittIng Yith et the concert· (R ShepeV, 12 June 85) "Daniel Webster hid spoken et ftery, InspIred length· (KIng & Straub, Tlt8 TaUs""", p.5) (violetlon of subjecencV)

7 6 ·Never-merried •••omen in their 20a hevt heelMxuel int.rcourM, on ever., •••ith 4.5 men, helf •...• lalllJ'*JIl •••hich can be onlll understood by fallow ,~. (Edwrd Lavi, 1 NoY86) of the tj me with serious, 10110- term boufriends and helf in moreeasual relationshi ps". (Chic8QO Tribune. Does this mean halfofthe time, helfofthe times, or halfof the partners?) "We're gonna trll to do the seme thing es lest time· (scope ambiguttv)

"The third American In 2 •••••ks has been kidnapped in Lebanon· (WfMT, 12 sept. 86) .....but thell couldn·t ••• m to seve up enough moneu· (Tal men commerc1el. 18 Dee 86) "But she couldn·t ••• m to do enything ebout it· (John verlell, 811MC~#"'fI'9"', 89) 'Iter.retatt••• f .,.rlt.r • •, 'Wessurprised to fi nd that it 'WllSstill summer V, though !!!.!l:!l in Central Parle had begun to Me.t.I- ••••••••••••• turn· (f. Pohl, TII, l1,rcll.nl$· "'#r, 252; no prior mention thet in thet 'WOrldthere is only "Ariel himeelf, Proeparo', egant of magic (end elso enother moon of Urenua) , 'WOuldhevt ,tClOd one tree in central Park) aghast· (Stephen JaV Gould. N.tura' Hi$/flrv. June 86, p. 12)

·How menv flights areell scheduled to depart at 5 P.M.?· (E11enGoodman. Tribune. 3 Oct 86) "Edwerd Knoblocle... suggested me for the pert beeeuse he thought I reeembled an old engraving of the French monarch· (Adolphe Menjou. II tflflt nin, tal1f1u) •... fifteen minutes leter \IOucen't remember 'Whetthe dreem 'WllSeven ebout· (Stephen King, II, 876) TeDH, "_ ref.re.e •...theV ••• thins some sort of attack. Mallbe it even is." (Stephen King, It. 125) (l n preface of book) AI I state/*stated in chapter i •... As I have stated ill chepter I, ... When I •••rot. chapt.r I, ... ·He spentthe rest of the morning with Ihtuffed forgotten into his back pocket· (Stephen King. It. 293; blend?) (upon being told or sho'Wnsomething) I see/·notlce. I've noticed/* ••• n. "The Harris poll found teens •••ho had comprehensive sex-education courses ere more l1Iceluto use birth-control devices all of the ti me, compared 'Withonlll 25 percent ofthose 'Whohad 110 clesses" "If the bell hilthe bone. it'd been shattered· (Dennis Resmussen. quoted in Jul1l24 86 NVT) (Sun-Times, 17 Dee 86) Constttaeit.tnctlra se.,. At leest 100 student, at. the same food that dell es the t'WOstudents •••ho got sicle. • 1\ cooleis •••anted for the familu of the President ofthe United States. Noone need applu",ho is not perfect in the business. and can bring indubitable testimonials of sobrietll. honestll. and ettention ''Whet does she 'WInt ... mv lips to fell off?!!" (for better or for '&lOr., Apr 486) to the duties of the station· (1789 ne•••spaper ed placed bll George Weshington. quoted by Louis SZathmarll. Chicago Sun-times. Feb. 20, 86; es •••orded, "indubitable testimonials of sobrietll •...• What I thi nle••••should do Is tell Smlth his bid Is too high. Then 'WIshould maleean appol ntment is not a requirement for the job but an impediment; the successful applicent seems to heve •.••ith Brown, ... Ilnt.rpreted lIS if the focus of the pseudo-cleft Is I\lItjust 1,11Smit" ";$ llid i$ interpreted the ad lite rail II, since he was fired for drunleenness) IfIfI 1li9", but thet plus the next couple ofS's)

'lhe governor has vet to release 1/3 of the funds for thi, project·. (WfMT, Feb 27; ambiguity) It's mil posslbl. for me to see \IOuefter 4PM. (evidence for surfece constituent structur. with extraposad 5 adjoined to the VP?) "Judge Parsons upheld the constitutionalttv ofa 1••••requlring thet petitions for independent cendidetes be filed by last December" (WfMT, Mall 86) Cltegorill "Tickets are avanebl. at all Rose Records locations or bll call1ng 831-4260" (WfMT, NoY86) "She brushed each dog until the coats shone" (Varlell, 811/# CII.mfM9n" 99) Structure of .P". ·'loved a lot of people there. and vice versa, but I didn't love everllbodll,and vice versa" (Halmos. Lest 'tIe81ethere ••••r./?'WllS three streight deUSof rai n. I ••.·.nl Ifl II, , m,llI#Rt,lici,n, 239) Last •.••••k there •••es/* ••••r. three deys str'ight of rain.

Heleft 'Without paying us a red cent. "E.rl Wild's first of three 8n- Liszt recitels received. stending ovation" (WfMT, feb 24; genitive Without saying a word, he ••••alked out the door. should be on lower NP) *dld he welle out the door. ( ••.·Itllflut S is negative "".r.t. internal but not external syntax) such interesting sculptures (Isuch interesting) sculptures? such [tnteresting sculptures)?) • *Iso interesting) sculptures "I Marl: T••••in) didn't fl nlsh en enormous number ofthings" (Tribune. 6 Nov 86; clear intention such en Interesting sculpture is •••ith narrow scope for nagation) so interesting a sculptur.

Tom and Dick (?only) esked Marll (*onlll) to (*only) •••rite to eechother. The theorll of gravitation that/.iJ I told you ebout has been superseded. Tha thaorlll told you ebout thet/*.0" Smith denounced is not widely accepted. (if omimbilitll of

9 10 tMt depends on 'government' and tllet on edjecenc\l, tlleM S', po88a probl.m; cf W.lel.r 79)

·As secreterv, editor, end ••••rlt.r, she's been through six of 'Wh.t she c.lls 'Incernetlons' of tile Indirect. semi-direct "seearse gossip column in ,1Ittl. more then four veers" (Chicago Reader, Jan 31 86, P 4) 'l11e .xception ••.••s Edinburgh: in r.pl\l to mi ne of tile 7th ult., if I ••.•ould trensmite postal order She's ,been through six (lIof) incernetions of the 'JOSslpcolumn. for towoshmings. the c.talooue would be sent· (H.lmos, I fI"lht tlJ b, a math,maUcflh, 25) ·All 25 people elloerd the plene end heltcopter ••ere leilled· (Chlcego Tribune, 20 June 86) Pltche•• mhlltcr, Thank you both. *Thank both of you. ·Fl ubV" blinding dlemond jevelrv, three luxurv eutomobl1." .nd l1ash\llt'8rdrobe were edmlred by his poorer neighbors· (HPHereld, Dec. 3 86; numeral Inside 'R) Reenelvsis "He ultimatel\I split "';th, sometimes treacherously, just about everyone 'Whohelped him develop Theylt'8re 'WeInng the seme color of/~O hat. his empire" (Robert Sherrl11. Sun-Times, 13 Jul\l86)

You've hed one beer too menv. Hisc. s,ntectte/"IMntte "There's more beer than people· (Gall S,Mer 1386) I thank you on (lithe) behalf of mv colleagues. I thenk you on the/*S posthuMOue INhalf of Frederic Be,ti.t. ·He weri1\1 picked up the blanket, ••••hlch, Jeck SlY, ••••••of rubber and therefore not a blanket at all· (King & Straub, TI" Talfsman, p.645) ??hls responses' llCCurecv the llCCurec\lof his responses thei r ICCurec\l ?the llCCurec\lof them "Chopin returned home a celebrit\l,kno'w'ing that Poland hid grwn too smell for him· (WFMT, Hegave responses ••••hose eccurllClIls doubtful. March 18; It's Chopin who hid grwn, not Poland)

??The heelih of John concerns me. Onh,/the heelih of John concerns me. He threw his dinner right up. *He threw right up. •... everv bleeding heart In this tOYnISl,lOingto be screaming for JJ.!uQl!.\I!"blood· (St.phan King, II, 24) ·Mert breab 1800. Tooleonly 3 ••••eelcs· (heed1ine in ChiC8l,lOSun- Times, Mar 21 86; meens: took "OneOfthe nurses' father had e heert ,Ueck· (CMcC, 19 Dee 86) 3 oweelcsafter reaching previous landmerle, I.e. 1700)

I don't It'8nt to ••••••te elot of our time. *both of us's time. I'd love to drive 1 car 11leethat. (Amblg: Is lit, t/tat a modifier of car or of drf~., 1) -both Ofour time. ·us both's time. Where/HwlWhen you/w/*l/*she genne find a men 11leehim? (Onl\lar, can be deleted; Is thls a cerefullll vorlced out proposel orlglnell\I phonological absorption b\l ""/tu" then extended to other Interrogative words?) *11,101ng up reputation *looleed up Informetlon ·So I made him the boat and he thanleed me...• (Stephen King, It, 133) (Ptcl OKIn IllOdIfieronlllif perticipill y- Ptclls lexlc.lIzed as A) •...reserve me a room.nd 88\1me a praljer· (Stephen King, It, 106) Pre•• I••l MIner a larger than usuelhonorenum (heed i, not flnelln·A) ·lo'Wer budgets make you be (to B) more creatlve· (WFMT, Nov 12 86)

I.,ltcltare "YanGoghIs one of the most famous artlsts todell· (oJ ... artlsts t~\I) "She ••••••e quiet, selntllb child of ebout thirteen - in fect, seeing thet this ••••••her blrthde\l, exectlllthirteen ..: (Wodehouse, "Jeeveundthe IeldClementine·, 143) Her,,,,.,,, "Se\l, ho'W.bout if you be the chairperson egein this ljeer?· (5811\1Forth, 15 Dee 66) "She had obvlousl." spent e lot of time in nat ••••ater· (Yule\l, Blu# Clllmp#9R#, 19; set on a sete11lte resort In "ihlch surfa tens10n and lw gr8V1ty give ••••ater a non-flat surfece) Finally he's his old productive self aoeln. (argument for hfmstl( = /tfs + s,1(7)

·For thls offense, tile stete deme" tile penelt." of ~rmenent death· (Yar1ell, TII# Oplliuc/tf betted (Wodehouse, "The ordeal of young TuPPV·, 231) HlJilfn" 1; on vorld "ihere cloning end memor." recordings meke deeth usuellV temporary) Lexie". ·Fly to Londonon British AII'It'8\1Send It'in a trip for lYOon the Concorde· (ed In Globe end MeI1, "The blest tore e 08Plng hole in the plene's fuseleoe,llln:lli.no four passengers 15.000 feet to their Merch 1; doesn't mean 'If lJllU 11."to London..., then ...') deaths·. (Chicago Trl bune, ApI' 3 86) ·Mentlon WFHT end get two ticlcet8 for tile price of one" (cf. preceding example)

11 12 •...• n eat.te thetebutted those of neighbon lib the tlJCOOnPeull1ellon ...• (NVTMeg, Apr 6? 86) Sel.eti••• l r••trieU ••• Cut it/thet/*them out, •... especi.l.re. in .•••hich people of \lOur Idnd heve been gmg~. (T.•••i1ight Zone, 1 Nov 60) ·Cut those stupid jobs out.

·Adrlft saIlor 'WOn'tgive up the ship· (Chicago Tribune heedllne, Feb 86) "International CoflQre&$8$of Mathematlcl.ns used to occur llD.leep ueers· (HellllO$, I "."ltl III H II ml1llt#mltliciltR, 162) ·Money from these machines is emptied dalh)" Werd fer •• "e. .ntelope/.nUen meldl.trlbutlon (Jetlc Fuller, OC/MAS symposium, 1 NoY86)

·For manu months , the American Public argued!!!!!!!!Oit"lf •.••hether Petty Hearst should be They out-/*over-voted us. praised or blamed for her 'i nvolvement' 'oIlth terrorists· (D. S. Kaufer, 'Understandi ng ironic communelatlon', Journal of Preomatlcs '.507) "I re-looked.nhet·. (W. Fisher,S Dee 86)

"Our sister planet, although closer to us then any other, had remained shrouded (litenllyl in ·the patmon, brought by ma~ral allies· (= aHies of!!!. mayor; WfHT. 1 oct 86) mystery by Its dense cover of clouds· (stephen Jay Gould, Nltluu/lfistorv, June 86. p. 16) ·But the trickl. hu turned Into. torr.nt IS smugglers run deflQ8rouell,loverloaded boetloedt of ·Bettllno hookU:2 approaches· (NVT, 25 Mau86; deels •.••lth school trusllCU) aliens across Mona Pessage ...• ([dangerousl Uoverloaded boat! + loed?)

·Every ne•.••magazine tries to Imitat. Vanity Feir· (Roger Simon. 18 Aug. 86). Why ia ,.',rv 'nfixetie. taken 8$ an exaggeratIon ••.••hlle ,/I 'WOuldbe taken lIteralluln: unbe-fucldn-lleveble (sam Konldn, Feb 15) All ne'oImagazines try to Imitate Vanity Fair. They're gonne eet the third 'WOrlda-fucldn-llve. (Bob Johnson. Feb 15)

·a pal r of screvdrivers· (used •.••lth cleer reference to one scre'fldrlver) Put. ef •••• d "Earl Ubell 'oIlth oX!l98ntank and mesk by L1FEAIR-- helPSn.amolce. fumes· (Parade. OCt 12 ., shoved the parcel into a dr ••.•••r.loc.ked It. ~ the keu, and felt better· (Wodehouse, 86; ne•.••preposition?) Cltrrv OR,.1"."1$. 21) 'di••• "They •••••re survel1lng the house Idttu-corner from us· (J Cox, 27 Nov 86) "After sta\llllQ there for half an hour to o1ve the cout time to cleor, ...• (Wodehouse. C,rrv lilt, .h, •.,~. 159) "There •.•••n abo deeths among those ~jD to have a transplant.. .• (NVT Magazine, 13 July 86) That •.•••g theg 'w'On'tbe In very mang people's ??'oIalj/* •.•••IJS.

'''You!- said Sir Roderick flnallg. AndIn this connexlon.l •.•••nt to state that it's all rot to say you He•• can't hiss a 'WOrdthat hasn't an's' in It.' (Wodehouse•• Jeeves and the Yule-tide Spirit". 63) (Opus the penguin \elces up hang-gliding and becomes very goodat it; both the follo'ollllQare then true:) Opus it e reguler bird. Fuck off! (cf Z'oIlckg86) *Sam fucked ofh/hen I told him to. Technleallu. Opus Is a bird. (?)When I told sam to fuck off. he did. Fuck off, or 111lcick lJOurass I *sam fucks off •.••henever Edtells him to. V.l ••• "What 'w'OuldI put In place of the SAT? I don'1 thi nk 'ole It,,; to put anljthlllQ,· (David O'oIen. NQIt' "Or perhepa it would be truer to say that theg had IIIoU9111him deed, but 11''''''''1; him ellve· of III, .4~q~'" p, 272) (Stephen King, II, 1059) •••••tt•• ,.l.ritl Items l8$t pIece (I n sportsstandi ngs) = caller ••• basement "Whgdo you ~8$k him to fix anything?" (Belvedere. Sun-Times. 3Apr 86) fIrat place" attic, roof, penthouse •...It Is possible that some people called mathematicIans IlO'oI8daIJS(or ever) do not (or did fI91) love mathematlcsen that much· (Halmos. 401) "Third person dies in Va.shooting spree· (Sun-Times headline. 6 NoY86; story actually refers to deeth of a parson who had been shot a deg eerller) sam Isn't!!!.g genius. ( •• not (Sam Is some genius»

WashlllQton Is in the District of Columbia. (the terrltoru occupied bUthe cltU of Washi ngton is "...the caregiver llllJlldo progressivel UW1 to orient the child as the child becomes IllCreeslnglu identical to that occupied by D.C.; moreover. Washington in the l00S8sense takes in a lot of MDand ware of... discourse structure" (thesis proposal) VA,and 'District of Columbia' doesn't have eng such loose "nse)

,..•. 14 "The elm of 1986, most of ",horn could give. fig .bout Int.rnetionel .ffelre ...• (A. Whitnell Brwn,SNL) sldsNpl/*sl:ies sl:ledYp8$t/*sl:ld

SIIIftIlli .,'Ire. lIen"'.'1 Jtpenese "Whet he', talking I, sometimes about the sentence.nd sometimes about the utterance" (J. SIdocI:, "Wete81 no koto 0 8uk081oboete kurete lmeeu ke?" (Heru no Heto, epltode 38; evidence thet 16 Jan 86) benefactive V's are transparent to aspect) "Earl Wild', flret of three all-Llm reclta18 received a standing ovation" (WFMT, Feb. 24) "Pan-Am m •• to more pleces In Europe then al1 USalrltnes combined" (Marcil 13 ad; lalcen "3- meetoru no petto 0 sizumeta" (NNN N\luusu, 24Aug 66; calque on Engli,h ',Ink') marallII, 'It'Ouldimplll Pan-Am ilo't. US.irline) "'t'11 come all out In the ..mh" (John R, Mer 86) Rt,lOOSinnl muden de r\lOl:oonl l1eu.'Goon a trip Yithout informing one's perent,' (Kenl:\lushe Dictionery; semantically, rvooslh hi mud8h is a constituent) "1933. The height of the depre881on" (caption in film "The emperor of the north")

"...it'8111«le bit aslfEdlson had never lived, 'It'Ouldsomebody have Invented the 11ghtbulb?" (heploI09\li Chnstie Hefner, lotarvtNld In Reason, June 86, p 36) "Thus Mehta ••••••In the hlghl IIunusual sltUlltion of bel ng guest conductor for a solol.t 'tiOO'tie81S •••••11I:ROYnto the CSOas • conductor as a plani,t" (heplolOtJ\li Sun- Timea, 2 Dee 86)

(Mieke\ll1ouse x Donald Duct ) Mintle ...

A: ...ll3ho'ti .novel. B: A~ .novel?

"Je fl! lelsserei Pie're •• per",· (N. Rwet, report ofwn error)

"Neither concart has beenshoYn on TVand IlllYIrYill be" (ChiCllt)OTribune, 19 June 86)

" the compositIon 'tie8lSted to havee title ..." (C. Wuorlnen, WFMT, 26 June 86)

" the sometImes-called FunerelMerch Sonata" (WFMT, 15 sept 86)

"The movie la\18ltall«le on thict" (Gene Si'i:el, TV,hoYYith Ebert, I Nov B6)

"prior chelrinllns oHhet compenll" (Elmer Johnson, 1 Nov 86)

"Whet do \IOUthint actionuhould 'till teke ...?" (D. Roy, 20 OCt.66)

"Whet 1.11 tor somethlng!UllOJll to fol1w b\la rule 111:emodus ponens?" (T.J. Smnell, lecture at Unlv. ofChicego, 7 Nov 86)

"Case theor\l stands thillt)S on Its head... on their heads" (J Goldsmith, 8 Dee 86)

"Thet bank statement has not been returned to u, H.Jf..w1" (cIerI: In the eupheml,tlcal111 nemed Customer service Dept., Hyde Park Benlc, 9 Dee 66)

Repe'r Bottom: ...• nd he himself musllpealc throUlJh, se\ling thus, or to the seme defect: "Ledl•• " - or "Feir ladi•• - iwuld'tllsh \IOu·~ or "' 'It'Ouldrequest \IOu"- or "' 'It'Ouldentreat 'l)u· ... (Midsummer NIght'. Dream 11I.1) O,tllt"'ph, II: Thl.ls (the bi09rapher of Lenln)'s signature. B: It'8 the blOtJrapiler of 'tiho'81!Yi!08e slljnature?

15 16 SPANISH loa YOy. deetruir. todoa. (NO aeperetion of quentifier from NP) (examples talcen malnly from telenovelas and Spanish Re'w'Sshws on ChlcllQOTVstations; Ineludes Loque tie •• que convencer es a Javier. (118r18VJ8.';,r) mil 1965 compilation plus a 10\01Re'&'stuff) Es a tI que \10quiero. .r,IIoIIl' II, ••,.••••s.ve Iie.r ',.r" Pierre: Ese nriio no es de Luciano sl no mla. (Vanessa, Apr 26, 83) M.T.: Eres injusto, Jose Antonio. Vome llevo un lIndo recuerdo tUlJO.'... a lovell" memorll of \IOu' J.A.: No, Marla Teresa,la lnjusta eres tu. a pesar tuyo 'tn spite of you' "Hall un retrato tuyo IIde Requel" (. a picture of \IOuand Requel; ru, Mlli" 9 Jan.; heN do \IOu Yono soli IRSe9uro. LaInSel}uraeres tu. sail "t'WOpictures of you and R"?)

(doctor to Clari bel) Usted as una muchache sana, IIsu marido temblen. (Coralito, t 984) ~t1.= "11I' 'TellQOderecoos'. lu te sientes ~ derec hos, (mother to Alfonso) Elluna buena chlca, IItu 10eres tamblen. (1983) X:LYtu hermana? Armando: "Estas tan asustad! como yo, Mariela,l.verdad?" (~/rl.'#I" 6 Aug86) Marta: Coil problemas, como slempre. ( Tu () h8"", Feb. 24)

Amanda to Esteban: Votambien estoy Hll como tu. (~/ri •.,I" 22 sept 86) Subj unetlve NoImporla la opl nlon que tu tenges . ••r••••••t Armando to Marcos: Nt tu nl Federico ~ a convencerme. (~/rl.',I#, 8 OCt86) CItt.C1I Dios (*10) hlzo llover. (dummy subject of 1I0.'u doesn'hurfece as I elitle •••hen it becomes '" con una precision y maestra Inerelbles. (Marti, /hsirum#hl()$ music81espr#corlesi8nO$ object) 58) Recuercle qu nl tu ni yo la tenemoa. (Meximo to 01890,Jugando a vlvlr, Mall 8 84) IRIR'.t. utive "Dice la oante que si uno 11de tres vuelles 11..JI:.W, se casa dentro del allo' Americas 38.1.13 Juen \I Pedro son amlcm, II Pablo \IGerardo!1 son tambien. C1i •• ~i •• "La escuela DuSable es 97W> R89ro: (Ayuda, 5 June 86) "Note qulero obliger' (carmfn, MelJ 1986) "LoalCJOYigillndo' (carmin, 30 June 86) "LS8bes 10que necesitas? Enamorar!!" (~/rl.'ele, June 86) Leonor: tHome mandesacallerl (Alre.'ele, 1 Dee 86)

"Silo ache...!!fuare, eche!1ala carcal" (NYCsub'wall poetar; English originalla "'f thelJ thro ••••you vith .xilt •• tial I.',r out, thrw them In jail"; 'Whynot eche}H?) A:I.Que releclon hey antre ese senor 1I\1O? B: Todavfe nlnguna, Paro te eseguro que la habra. Mercos to Armando: [Roberto) estaba jugando a que fuere/*fuaras tu. (Alril,'ele, 8 Dee 86) EIgenador yoy/*ve e ser IJO. lIe-delaUe. El genedor paresco/*parece ser \10. Yono te P8CJ0,por slnvergiienza IJpor pecador. (Estefanla, April '5) EIgenedor perece/*paresco que sor \10. Aspect ACCUNUV' • Tatlena: Slemprelo supt. 'A la unlca que no pudo reconocer fue e Requel" (27 Jan.) Gabriel: I.lo sabies? (La Verdadere Eva, Feb. 13, 85)

'j,A quien helJque meter en la carcel?' (Cermin, Mall 20 86) iEstoll viendol (RegIna, as she regains her sight)

"j,Como so lIema el hombre que etropell61a senorite?" ( TufJh8d;#;unamblguousllJ: .., ••••ho the A pesar del corto ttempo que estoll conociendo a Eva, ... ledll ran over) pert ofspeech I.Eates reconoclendo que escriblateellibro con la sola Intension de aepararnos, e Eva IJami? Adv VI. "j. (Gabriel to Homer Chavez, LeVerdadera Eve, 84) Ese arror puede costerte cero. (ceramente? 'WIth#$8 locur. Is it stili c8rfJ1) Elle me ema con locura, iguel que yo e elle. (NB comperetlve reduction) "Vase peger mUIJcarow (Atrevete, 2 Oct 86; 'w'hllAdj end not Adv1) La unica que ama es 8 mi. (Vanessa, March 2, 83)

17 16 EMtipo jU8lJ' suclo. Context bringing out normell11di8flvored interpretltion: "iCinco camisas sin botones!" (Daniel complaining to meld about shirts eech missing one or more PPn AP buttons; Hola... Pel usa, OCt7 65) Tu te sientes con sueno. 'Voufeel tired' •...mu"apmrde ..: (Atr,~'tf" 13 OCt86) eeordtMtt.n ·se limplan ropes 1,1se planchan· (sign on shop, 1134 Belmont) PP •• I'jeet .f P ·HI esposo no tlene aecretos para conml,,· (Atr/~'et', 3 Nov 66) "Entonces 10s deelaro marldo 1,1mujer· (Ctrmfn, Mag 1286) "81. I' cr"'-Clte,er, IIIllHtfter •... sin poder leer ni poder escrlbir·. (ad for 1Itenc" program, channel 44, Dee 30 65) HoI,Ihesta (10 bes6]. 'lode" she even ktS8ed him' "'I no la he obligedo ni nede" ( •• '... or anl,lthlng') •...sin peligros ni violencias· (Americas, 38.4.27) 8i. n IIIPtiIll + It'N""","'" "IEsta traduccl6n) hlzo mal... que nlnguna otra, antes nI desp~· (Americas, 36.4.36) 5190sl n ,ntender. 'I still don't understand' lexic.n VPas N' Idioms ."Ith tener Ellestlr _nUdo tocIoII dll] es malo perl mls hemoroldes. (commerclll, t 983) 'ioQuetienes, Enrique?' 'Mledo' Loque tienes es miedo. Vln•••• ,ntlcUc constructtons •••••U•••• llrtt, ·Agustin Lan cump11650 aiioa de muert,· (24 Haras, NoY 8 85; IfalicitecioReS, Augustin!) ,+,qUIestaremos tranqUllOS,.Inque !IlIdIenos moleste. (1963) Nopuede ser que Il8deas mas importente que tu famllla. (Con11to sept 25 84) •... IIVISAII MASTERCHARGE~n bienvenidOs· (commercial, 28 OCt86; is this I calque?) ...• 1n que nedle se enters. ·Estas hablando dormlde· (Atr/~.,te, 21 OCt86) -Yotemm malrrep1anto de.· (Ctrmin, Mel,l16 86) Barbara to Desfree: Meoust, mes Jose pera ser pereje conilOO.(Atu~'6te, 2 Dee 86) ·Ift nad8 nl nedle puede separarnos· (iftrb'ete, Aug29 86) ·Entonces so\l toda oidos· (Cermin, 29 Me\l86 and 3 June; ."h\l Sir end not 'Stir 1) ·Note pongas asf·, ·No me POIlQO.". (Carmin, Apr 1066) "Noest6mal-- no est6 nade mal- (Ctrmin, 7 Jul\1 86; ."hich is heed: n8d8 or 1ft811) ·/ldvertencle de cirujeno general: Fumer dunnteel emberezo puede causar. .. \I reduclr el pe~ del recien neeido" (English original is "...end 10'11bfrth wight·) 'se"'-CtlRpI"'Uve Praflero aceptar su iVude que la tvva. (t 983) Wer'er"" . ·No Ie prometo nada si n antes habler con el· (Atu~"t" June 86; cf ""'thout flrst/*beforehend PlsSt". tallclng •.••ith him)

X 1,1Yf08ron negadosflanzas, ( OJ vera denied bail; 10as passive subject) "Yomafi8na voyela oflclna· (Antonio fn Tu 0 n8dl" 15 Jan.;tOlftOrrblr'couldn't occupy that Cleft position in English) Qulen se 1. marece reelmante SOli110.(Ortiz to Contreres; Merta" Javier, feb 2 t 84) "Conla vnlca con que contaillOSIII eon 1. 'Vude de dlos· ( Atr"",te, 18 NoY 86) Armando: Yoconti go puedo habler. (Atrel"6te, Aug 25, 86) "Yocon quien querie habler era contfOO·(Atr#~"t" Aug26 86) Perception predicates YoI, ¥eO C8d8vez peor. 'She beps looking ',IOrse to me' ·Lo est8 usted logrando" (A!re~'ete, 1 sept 86)

Ex1rection Ofsubordlll8te subject Armando: bTemblen con ene tenfa releciones Juan Ctrlos? ( Atre~'6te, 15 OCt86) ... AlfollSOj,que $8be$que 'leme tu hlje, ... (1983) ·Ust. para mi son mul,limportentes" ( Atre~.,t" 13 OCt86) other ex1rectton from sutlordl ilIte 5 bComo crees que me puedOsent1r 1,101 'tIo'.I do \IOuthink 1feel?' (Hole .. PelUSll,sept. 27 85) Venesse: bCon qulen dlcen que (I • Pierre) va a casarse? ( 1983) Ent,s" ·ioQuieres ir ala carcel? ioQuleres que \10Vmi papa tambien?· (Tu (J n8dfe, Jan. 7)

19 20 , .

Voai que tu estes sufriendo, y tu Miles que vo tambian. loComote sientes? Creio que un poco mejor. iPobreclte mi hija' ·iPobreclto, '.Ipobretu papa!. (Atr,~'8t" Hug 86;cf. ·poor vourfether) Armando: Notenia con que pegerme. Federico: fs cierto, no tenia con que. (Atr,~.,t" 14OCt. 86) Armando: Note pldo, te exigo. Federico: loQue?l.Exegirme, tu. mi? ( Atr,~"t" 14 oct 86) Jose Antonio: Hevenido per. haterte un favor. X:loTu a mi un favor? (Gapping 'w1th 3-part residue?) (lulsene, 1983) Yal.1lCI .....dige la razon 0 IIcalles por si.mpre· (Clrmin, Mey 12 86) •... deade muy nine ..: (Atrh"t" June 86) leonor:Arm.ndo '.IMercos hen estedoamigosde8de niilos. (Atrh"t" 16 Dee 86) Am.I•• _. ,.Ic'" "Andres los Yio.n el jardln 1llJ:!!

·Perece qu he l1egedouna mujer que dice ser I. Yiudede AntoniO· (Tu tI NIdi,; fqui •••.tth det:ir) "Cuidedocon clerl•• ntender que estoy equi· (Rodrigo to Maura, T/lil Rldi" 22 March)

•...• 1 3 de 5eptiembre que no se trabej.1!2r.J![ l.bor Day· (commerci.lfor Viejes Pelenche, 84) ·Mas que YiYir, vegetebe hast•• hor.· (Carmin, Apr 30 86)

Dealli. passive? ..... toma todlJ2· (Clrmfn, Apr 86) •...•1convento yl.iglesi. de 58n Felipe Neri, mendedo. construir en 1775 ..." "Est. obr. de arte, mended•• hecer en 1679 ..... Americes 38.1.13 leonor: Desiree deseparecl6 VJuan Clrl0' 1I~ no l1ege. (Atr,~"t" 17 sept 86)

lan,itlftl rel.tive C.rmel. to leonor: ... au hijo, que en pez descense (Atr,~"t" 9 oct 86; ct. 'vour son, ""ho (me,,) Meri.no:·V. consegui un luger donde YiYir· (C.rmin, Meyl9 86) , rest in peace)

Cleft Cl.udi.: ·Me yo". ir muylejos, edonde nedl. me encuentre mas· (Clrmin, 20 June 86; NB fhltM metches Idonde)

(xcl••• livi. ICIIo "No"'bes 10feliz que me heees· (Carmin, 12 MeV86)

"tEa que Uenea miedo1" "bMiedo 1101·(Clrmfn, 3 June 86)

·loVtu me 11.maste delincuente? loAmi delincuente?· (C.rmin, Rodrigo to Fr.ncisco, 1 July 86)

Armando: IPepe, que felte me heces!(Atr,~'If',16 oct 86)

21 22 I

1987 exemple coBecUon VP-deleUon (consistino, as in previous compilations, of mi5cellaneous thinos that I have heard, read, or "Some of my letters have received ans",ers, but many of them probably never 'Will." thought up that at least at the ti me seemed to be of some Ii nguistic interest. I distri bute them more ... but many of them probabl y will never receivuos'w'ers. for my friends' amusement than enythi ng else, but I em delighted if enyone cen put eny of these *'" but many of them probabl y ",ill never. examples and observations to use in his research. -James D. McCawley) His speeches didn't sound as confused as they're supposed to have been 8. (does only the deleted A' Mve to be a V' to delete by V'-deletion? Or does a V' underlie the antecedent V'?) Anephore Sam lOOKSstupid, but he isn't. Ssm is stupid, but he doesn't looKil/*8. "My brother Charl1e and I... did not bel1eve in this m.rvel, but some of the younger children .pp.rently did so" (H. l. Mencken, quoted in Bode, Nencken, i5; st.tive .ntecedent) "AsKedif eny evidence of .r&on had been found, Allison said thet there had not 8 (. been .ny evidence of .rson found)". (Stephen King, Tlte Tomrnvknodus, 276) A: I thought you were asleel1. B: Thet's whet I thought you were. (Night Gallery: Since Aunt Ade came to stay) Anepoortc islends "He [Gldon Kremer) cl.ims to hete mID!1Do, but has made more than 50~" (NYTArts, 10 MalJ 87) Youend I thinK we c.n succeed. *Wei,j think YOUj.nd 'i cen succeed. (argues that conj unction of two pronouns isn'l itselfe pronoun) "Noh•..•..Kingexcept 'With. permit endorsed 'Withpermission to do so" (sign in Hong Kong) I like ..•..atching.n expert maKe pizza. (expert = expert at mek1ng pizza) bect ••.erds rep.ir bicycles. (expert· expert et repel ri ng bicycles) "Aromance in the boardroom could cost him almost $1 million, a former official of one of the wash wi ooows. (expert = expertst w.shing windows) country's l.rgest debt-r.ting forms is ch.rging" (Sun- Times, Feb 6 87; first mention) Islends "The New YorKTimes called his E1. one of the most glorious voices of the century" (WFMT feb 7 87) coord1nate structure constn11lt "Call !!:ltm racists and some White editors cri nge" (RoyKo, 22 May 87; 15the acceptability of this "Howdid my pet parakeet get invited to Veranda's perty and I didn't?" (Kudzu, Oct 1786) increased by the condition.l interpretation of the first conjunct?) "The one thing that people come up to me and say is that this is another case of prototypes" (Naney "Her form.tive ye.rs .re rec.lled by b.sKetb.1l st.r Bill Russell's daughter" (NYTM.gezi ne, 14 0,4 Mar 87) June 87) '''E'~ the sort 0' man women dream about, Doris-an' wake up scre.min'" (Andy Cepp, Feb 87) ..!!is still cheaper than other downtown parKing fecilities, but the city of Chicago is r.isi ng prices "The 8 million dollars that Godtold him to raise by the end of the month or else" (SNl, 21 Mer .t the Grant ParK Garag~" (WFMT, 1987) 87) "There Is a story his prof~rs ten about Jesse J.cKson thet he tells about himself" (NYT "It's only an old eyesore thet they're going to tear do",n pretty soon end put up a 20-story bank Megezine, 29 Nov 87; opening sentence) bullding ..... (Night Gallery, "They're tearing do'w'nTim Riley', Ber") "Her C-level grade won't si nKstudent .. (Sun- Times headline, 17 Nov 87) "Tewksbury is e guy that we're going to bring here and see if he can pitch" (Dallas Green, quoted in missing entecedent Chicago Tribune, 13 July 87) Diet Smith: Ho'w'much do you Knowabout biotech research.nd genetic tamperi ng? "She unzipped her SKirt and pushed it, her rayon half-slip, and her cotton panties, both bought at DiCKTracy: Not much. the discount store in Derry, down". (Stephen King, TIte Tomm{lknocl:ers, 271; are the lest two Diet Smith: Well, somebody does 8. (DicK Tr.cy, Feb 1687; ~ = Knowmuch .bout biotech ...) conjuncts the antecedent of Mtlt?) WH-islend reciprocel "They don't mince words and they don't maKeexceptions-everyone, including each other, feels the "Hegave me an example thet I've just found out what to do with 8". (Jeff H, 20 Mar 87) other bite of their tongue" (Sun- Times TVPrevue, 5 Jul 87) reflexive "I 'Wonderhow he left feeling 8" (Karen l, 12 Mer 87) "clohn Bruce Yehwas 01) stege alone, but tepes of himself 'w'erea strong eccom'paniment in Reich's 'Ne'w'YorKCounterpoint'" (Sun- Times, April 2687) Surfece constni nts Order of VP elements '" can tell you about the one lesson that thr •••..myself and a lot of other motorcycl1stsi nto a state of shock when we le.rned it .. (Sun- Times, 1 Apr 87) "Why am I all the time scared? I'm all the time scared." (Twilight Zone: "Nervous man in a four doller room") .....'when• taxpayer under crimi n.l i nvestig.tion sought disclosure of all information concerni ng himself and hlu3sociates, the IRS refused to comply" (Reason, June 87, 40) "Fortunately this time the department is able to put the fire quickly under control" "If Ii were onej of them, Ij 'd dislike myselfi" (CO(J(/ti(/~, Nr. Chips, remake) "Why do all ofa sudden I fear for my life?" (Eight is Enough) Control "Apetienl in a sanitarium hes recurring dreams abol]t a house Ihat mysteriously draws her toward itself". (TVlistings, Sun- Times, July 87) "This is not the pIece, nor am I the person, to undertake such a confrontation" (B. Comrie, lin~u;.~tits 24.783) .....imitating goodthings from abroad Is very beneficial to oneself" (Mao Zedong, quoted in de "These clothes are goodenough to drinK in 8" (Twelfth Night, 1.111.11) Francis, TIte Cftinese lan~ua~e: fact and f6flt~s{l, 263) s pIit antecede nt "Smoking is only permitted while Ii1seated in a smoking area" (Cathay Pacific Airlines) for me, Ihe advantagesi are smaller and the dhadvantage~j ere greater than theYij are for most "for the time being hisi head hurttoo badly li1i to even try reconstructing the last unknown period people. oftime", (Stephen King, Tile Tomm{lkflQckers, 87)

[)pfpmhpr?? 1qfl7 2 [)pfpmhpr?? 10R7 I

Agreement "The only problem is thet Ken's work keeps him on the 'w'6stcoast and mine here in Ne••••York" "It isn·t known what the condition of the injured m" {WfMT, 30 Jan 87} {Apt. 3G, 17 Nov 87; violation of sloppy identity constrain\} "There are no food, no ,oft lighb, or conver,ation to provide di,trection" {Chicago Tribune Food, 12 M3r 87} RNR The flavor and texture of asper8QUs are!??ls somethInQ11ke thatl*those of fresh bamboo shoot. 8 1/2 by 11 inches. (Is this RNR?) Identit" Categor" identit" of conjunc" "The trouble is that once you learn how to tell time, you have to be on ii" (Dennis the Menace, 18 ·The ••••eather in Chicago is overcast and with a temperature of 540 f." (AAstewardess) Mar 87) . MIsc. "Youain·t lost .your marbles yet, and I meen to see that you keep 'em" (T••••ilight Zone: ·Nervous "Willie 'the Wimp' Stokes pushed drugs and his luck" (Lynda Gorov, Sun- Times, 3 Mar 87) man in a four dollar room") tomplelllents Complement ~s NP or not "Neither bookis free of errors, but they are inconsequential" (Robert Marsh, Sun- Times, 7 June I take it that S. *Whet I take is that S. (cf. take for granted) 87) Complementtzer selectton "Chances are sli m it will actuall y get off the ground" (0' in extraposed S, WfMT) "The learning theory that they cile is Brian MacWhinney's, who is one of our invited speakers" (R. Secretary of State Shultz expressed confidence today he would make progress [i n negotiations 'w'ith Corrigan, 10 April 87) Soviet officialsl. (WFMT, 21 Oc\)

Dennis: I hardly see him any~. ..It is not enough for them to be powerful. They need it ••••hispered in their ears." (Roger Simon, 11 Mrs. Cunningham: Neither do we.0'. ("Christine·) May 87) .., don't want to upset her any more than she already is H" (Tales from the Darkside: Florence "She instructs the others hO'w'to disguise themselves" (Sf Opera broadcast, Nov87; missing P) Bravo) .., never noticed hIm go to a stranger before" (Suspense, "The bride vanishes", 1 Dec. 42) "If they're satisfied with the arrangements for his protection, then so am I end should you.0'· (Twilight Zone, "Back there") ·She hates when I do this" (Mother Gooseand Grimm, 2 July 87) "Mr. Hynes humiliated himself far more thoroughly than a weak showing tonIght could have done .., hate when you start curling up with a good book" (Mother Gooseend Grimm, 15 July 87) .0'" (Sun- Times, 7 Apr 87) "Peter Brook dislikes outsiders to watch rehearsals· (NVTMagazing, 4 Oct 87) A: fli pside's cer is here. P vith complement B: and probably nobodyelse will be. (Dick Tracy, Aug. 6 87; use of else in B's utterance depends "Athird reason, in addition to that ii's fun, is ..... on inference from A's utterance that Flipslde is here) •... after llstening to our film comedy become a radio play ...• (Screen Directors' Playhouse, I Feb 51) "look at that thi ng"... , lial·'e been H (= looki ng at that thi ng)" (King, Tomml/J:nocJ:ers, 141) Relative clauses and congtllers "Mr. HarrIs dIdn't llve to be 105, but hIs values have" (newspaper ad, Nav 87; 0' = llved to be "He managed to get out of Berll n blJ pu111ng stri ngs that no other reporter seemed able to pull" 105) (Bode, /"/McJ:en, 115; counterexample to Brame anal ysis of RC's) •...a vi ntage program that you ••••ould Ii ke to have B but B is not available on commercial .....she was no one's carpenter, nor ever would be.0' (= anyone's carpenter)". (Stephen King, TM recordings" (Chuck Schaden, WNIB, 21 Feb 87; conjuncb have non-subject gap, ,ubject gap) T(lmml/J:nocJ:us, 18) "Sha took it upon her,elfto borrw mine [shoes), which I haven·t ••••orn H yet end B cost a fortune" (Apartment 3-G, 12 July 87) Conjoining "The NAACPmust oppose Dougla, Ginsburg with the 38me intensity thet iI opposed Robert Bork" Howmany cathedrals are there in Hartford or opera houses in Detroit? (evidence for catlledrals (Oct 87)WFMT; deleted Pin RC) ... in lIartford as a discontinuous constituent?) cf.: -Consec uti ve· ?Ho•••.many Ii nguisls live on lake Shore Drive or enthropologists on Sheridan Road? "Orton wes found bettered to deeth by his compenion, who then killed him$81f" {NVT,Apr 87; leaves unclear whether the suicide followed the murder or the discovery} Aconstituent can be a subject without being a topic or a topic without being a subject. Free "'f you don't get off that bed and out of here by the time I count to five, I'll call them" (Twilight "Because I'm working with guys like Redford, I'm not working 'with ••••ho·s going to be the next Bill Zone, "Person or penons unknown") Murray or John Belushi" (ReHman, quoted in NYTMagazine, 1985) ""m not who you all ,eem to think I em" (Twilight Zone: "Aworld of difference") "'n some theaters, it is standard to have the three fel1\3le roles and the four malevolent male roles -All anyone knows is what .. if anything - you read in the peper" (sign at Mid'w'ayTravel, Nov 87) sung by the same soprano and the same bar1tone" (WNIB, 24 May 87) "Have it how you like it, Garraty". (Stephen King, The Ion? I,,'an, 363) ..... as Air Canada whisks uou 7 miles above and thousands of miles across the world's surface· Pied- pi pi ng (Commercial, WNIB, June 87) "Marvi n David levy, the complete version of ..•••hose 'Masada' had its world premiere by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Chorus Thursday ..... (Tribune, 16 Oct 87)

3 December 22, 19B7 4 December 22, 1957 I

Pseudo-cleft "More of us shop on Sundeys than we did in 1984· (Parade, 25 oct 87) "What else I found amazing was that ...• (K. landahl, 15 Apr 87) "Aman did the right thing, and all it got him was killed" (NVTMagezine, Hey 67) tomperetive-conditionel Pse udo- releti ve The more customers (that) we get, the happier ",e are. Sam has a father who was born In 1910. (NB t) *...who dted tn 1975. The more customers that/??0" buy from us, the happIer ",e are. There are several studenh in this class who can speak Swahili. (is this a problem for my analysis The better a book you write, the more money you11 make. of pseudo· relatives?) *The better books you ",rite, " • With oddextra stuff "The more time that/*0" lapses, the fonder the memory gro",s" (Sun- Times, 30 July 67, P 55; 3 "She was assa$Sinated in Berlin in 1919, on exactly whose orders remains hazy" (Tribune, 11 is actually OK, but with more an adverb rather than a determiner) June 67; Sluicing) His happi ness increases, the more attention he gets. Vuious constructions *The more attention he gets, his happine$S increases. ("notionel comparatives" are allo",ed in the Adverbs maIn clause only when it comes first and thus can have normal ",ord order) "Chicago has grown a lot since then, and Talman has grown tlg!l! with it· (WfMT commercia\) "Grow the hell up". (William Shatner, SNl sketch) Echoes "He is shown a portrait of Pami na, with whom he falls instantly in love· (WfMT, 14 Oct 87) II: The children may not leave. (scope ambiguIty) B: In a pig's eye thay may! (unambiguous narrow-scope negetion) "We're going right back out·. *We're going back right out. Jolln played tile piano wlly?? "I could go crazy, Garraty thought. I could go right the fuck off my rocker" (Stephen King, Tile *Why John played tile piano?? (why can only S-final modifier be eCllo-questioned?) long ko'all:,257; what else besides WH-words and right allows the fucn) John played tile plano to annoy who?? *To annoy wllo, John played the piano?? [m,ltieel ensver He successively suffered meny setbacks. *He in LSucceM10n)re row . ~uffered many setbacks. MeI?Voul??Sam neIther. Appositive Generic "Sauter is ... livi ng with his lawyer-wife, Kathleen - the deughter of Pet Brown and sister of Jerry "Solving the mystery of that tantalizing condiment, the ~~r· (Tribune food, 21 Hey 67, Brown, both former governors of California· (split antecedent; Parede, 10 May 67) Ileadline); "By description, ~~ (always plural) are small, gray-green buds...• (same article) ; tompentive NBconflict between usual pIural number and si ngular demended by defi nite generic construction, She was more et home there than here. here resolved in favor of latter; no resolution is possible in such cases as "the trouser, "tlle ?? as as scissor, ??tlle eljeglass. Inversion "1'1\ bet there are es meny coffee cens with pennies in them as coffee" (Roger SImon, 6 Oct 86) "Adisproportionetel y lerge part of the work that trensletors cen expect to be given w1ll be from periodicals, 8S will be a disproportionately large pert of what those pursuing Japanese for "Austin was younger ~ when he geve the Jemes Lectures" (is e person's present ege pert of commerciel purposes will be expected to reed." (report on University of XJapenese progrem 67) an atemporal stereotype of him?) "This should have been spelled out explicitly for the benefit of reeders ..., as sllould have been C'~ reasons for regerdi ng this approach es superior to the one in which ..." (JMcC, revie", of "He gets engrier when they're directed at someone else then at him". Chomsky, t,"flQldedge of Language). "White people say they feel more stressed than black people" (Ann lenders, 17 Aug87; I have been bewildered by these statements, 8S heve (*ell) been my friends. (i .e. inversion ambiguous: 'White people say their stress exceeds that of blecks', 'The amount of stress reported involving an auxiliary verb that is preceded by a floeted quantifier is apparently blocked) by white people exceeds the emount reported by blacks'; landers apperently meant the letter) "Illope that will convince folks that here's a real buy· (Suspense, "Ghost hunt·) John got more end more angry. John got angrier and engrier. *John got more angry and more angry. Middle (is the underlying form -u and-er, ",ith copyng of whatever the -u attaches to?) "let's see how that rag walks" (dress designer to model, "Tales oftlle Unexpected·; note that subject is not a direct object of related S's) fe .•••.c~mposers have written more [humorous music] than Beethoven. Negeti•• few composers have written Imore humorous] music than Beethoven. Did you [not ",ant to see hi m or just not have ti me to see him]? fe·••." composers have~ritten more [music tllet is humorous] than Beethoven. Won't he sell you his car, or llave you changed your mind? ??few composers have\itritten music [that is more humorous) than Beethoven. Did you just not have the time? (= Q + you just didn't have the time; Past higher than /to!) *Didn't you just have the time? "[along list of candidates) who espouse the same conservative philosophy as Ginsburg and as Robert Bork" (WfMT, 7 Nov87) .

0:; f"'!nl""nrr'lhor 1').1') , n,::r7 ft f1prpmhpr ')') 10R7 I

zero P negltive rlising Kant lived in Konigsberg all/*.0" his life. I don't suppose/doubt IJOU know what happened either. (ei!ltu has different interpretations: 'X likewise doesn't know' vs. 'Xlikewise doesn't doubt that \jOuknow) Kant lived In Konigsberg most of his life. (HB: life isn't the hefldof the HP) I don't suppose/*doubt that you know either that Sam has already left. Passtve Structure of "P', ..It's alreody been sent away for" (Creepshow) ••...0 5condlnavlan ship whose cap-taln and cap-tain's wife overflo ..••ed ..••ith Information ..." (Bode, ''The universe is lived in by things that kill· (Edward Bond, lite Su) flenc l'en, 51) ..... the most mugged-on bus route" (D. Croft, 27 feb 87) "All that it is wished to show Is that ..: (Wallace Rlmlngton, C()!()qr-f1qs;c, p. 20? 76?) •... his brother Julio and cousi n Manuel...• (NYTArts, feb 87) Raising "00 you see there as being any tie between Xand V?" (Mil ..••aukee conference, 10 Apr 87) ''Twoof the three Semitic sl bilants have fallen together In Hebrew, and a different t'w'Oh8ve fallen Toptca1ization together in Arabic·. "HIs back had gone reddish, althouoh wIth exertIon or i DCipient sunburn she couldn't tell" ""m a/*S mere 10 years older than you·. (Stephen KIng, 1M S!8hd, 211) *She couldn't tell with exertion or incipient sunburn. Tougb-li te constructions He bought alotta apples. (NB: pronounced without [vI even though vowel follows; does thi3 argue "Some things are not susce~tible to thinkIng about S" (M.lIberman, 23 Apr 87) for reanalysis of (a) !()Ua as a unit?) "There's too many /tl's to look at all of S" (Hej Ross, 23 Apr 87) That point doesn't need/require dwelling on S. "The courageous life and cruel murder of father Jerzy Popieluszko· (book subtitle; P' is subject "these may no..••be illegal to manufecture" (Ru$(Jn, June 87, 10) of one conj unct, object of other) "By the time the movie Is over, the crime is still brutal, but it is ~sslble to comprehend" (Roger Ebert, Sun- TImes, 8 May 87) Did IJOU get the color car \jOuwanted? ..It seemed such an Improbable thing to heppen" ("International Call", 13 June 87) Did \jOuget the exact color of/?S car you wanted? Misc. What voltage shaver do you have? "Jack's asking for a fat lip, Jack Is" (Andy Capp, 6 feb 87) *Whet [maximum voltage) transformer do you have? (no modifiers of the 'property H'ln this construction?) Constituent structure I'll get it to you by earl y next week. ( ..••hat is the head? I conjecture thet next 1,"Ul' is object of a *C8n I sit on [one of you}'~ lap? zero P) ?lend me, I beQyou, a dollar. "eager to please service" (1987 Z8Q8tChIcago Restaurant Survey, p. 59) *Open, I beg you, the window. (evidence that V + pronoun is constituent?) "an eeger-to- please congres~lonal aide" (Chicago Tribune TVWeek, 8 Mar 87) Out of which house did he run? *Out of which commitments did he chicken? "her living-in-the-pest mother" (Chicago Sun- Times TVPrevue, 8 Mer 87) "Afew months later, my husband moved out, and In wIth her" (letter to Dear Abby, 13 oct 87) "'f your dad is one of those hard-to-buy-for 9u~s, ..: (Chuc~ Schaden, WNIB, 20 June 87) Cltegories ...the real A poorN?'" the trulYAdv poorA'" (Sun- Times, 26 Dec 66) "We carry fresh flown in Norwegian selmon" (HI,/dePark Coopadd, 6 May 87) "Harry Caray may be back behind the microphone for the Chicago Cubs opener on April 7 Yt!:W SI. louis" (WfMT, 16 Mar 87; ,,'USUS as P) •...more then one in four rural high school boys in illinois use/*uses chewing tobacco or snuff" 4Dec 87.50) cf. More than one rural high school boy in four in Illinois uses/*use ... "If you're not proN enough to cut the mustard, ..." (SCTV) (Rudu,

You're insane/nuts. An inMne/*nuts person. ·US Congressional fears about [military aid to Pakistan)· (WfMT, 19 Oct 87)

from earl y on (Is this a NP? What Is its head?) QUlntifier-pronoun flip I want to thank all of them woo helped me. complex prepositions I ..••ant to thank them all (*who helped me). Helives either at the edge or in the middle of the yuppie neighborhood. ?neither in spite nor in vi rtue of his qualifications Pick them all up. Heturned them all completely Into trIumphs. PP as object of P * up all. * completely all ..... return llll cllrry-on Items to either the overhefld reck or beneath \jOur sellt .. (AA, 12 Mer 87) (evidence that Q-Pronoun flip leaves the Qwithin the NP) "Instead of In G, I had to play it In D" (Gerald Moore, lite Un8IJasltM Acc()mpani$/) "lead paint stm dangerous -- Including while removing It" (TrIbune headline, 11 Apr 86) Extreposition of PP ..... Including in the elections" (Royko, 3 Dec 87) "Huneker gave Mencken the manuscri pt to read of what proved to be his best book .... (Bode, "[Hel probably won't get here till in the morning" (Tales from the Darkside: "The moth·) Nencken, 95).

...., 7 December 22, 1987 8 December 22, 1957 ! ------,------I

"Again, photos ..••ent coast to coast of Bannett , a folk hero, defaating Oak Park" (Sun- Times, 18 SIJDtltic meteAlJmlJ(telesceping. etc.) Mer 87) "In the first game, [Babe Ruth) drove the longest bell ..••e ever sa..••over the right field fence" Iiterpretition of operetors (Grantland Rice, Tlte Tumult 8ml tlte 5ltoutin9) Scop. "JusticeAntoninScaliatool:scorchi!l9~p.tiontothe ruling .....(Joen Beck, Tribune, 30 Mer 87) "Mencl:en and Nathan contrl buted, In fact, to enr.uJ»w as well as editing 11"(Bode, tlencl:en, 76) Misc, 'IJntlctic/semllltic It (only) got him (*only) KILLED.(Even though /:illed is the focus, on/V can't immediately "The audience is clearing its collective throat" (WFMT, 2 Dec 86) precede 11,because that ..••ould gtve the wrong scope; ..••hy can't on/V tn the *OM posttlon be ..... explore different points of musical view" (Don Ta1t, WFMT, 28 July 87) interpreted as having the mein S as its scopa?) Anythi ng offends some people. (scope ambiguity) I love you just the way you are. (song title) Anything offends somebody. (somf! hes only narro ..••scope) I hete you (??just) the ..••ay you are. "Only cigarette smoking is permitted, and only while you ere seated" (Cathay Pacific Airlines) "Nothing wasst111 happenIng". (Stephen KIng, TIte TommV~'noc~'ers, 20t) WhIch is John's bool:? "Nonei of the other wives had complained about hisj habitat! TheYij had sooner or leter got tired of *Which.0'i fell on John's booki? (evidence for invenion ..••ith Df!?) each other, sure. Youhad to expect thet ... (Frederik Pohl, Nit/as World, 204; split antecedent includes a quantified expression in en earlier sentence) "Michele Pritzi is heppy she's even alive, much less the center of attention this 'w'eekin Mentll 'pice phenomenl Warrenv1l1e" (Sun- TImes, 13 Oct 87) (with reference to a room in Frick Collection, NewVorl:) The ..••omen in the two Geinsborough ..... never before has Diana had more goodreason to crave peete and ~uiet, let alone elot more painti ngs both have thei r heads turned towards the entranceway. understanding, then now" (Micheel Snead, Sun- Times, 18 No.••87)' "Above Ways in the Herald's hIerarchy stood a managing ed1tor. When Mencken arrIved M ..•.as a Morpholo" florid nonentity, Colonel A. B. Cunningham, ..... (Bode, tlenc!:f!n, 32) Macintoshs. (Chicago Meroon, Jan 87; spelled that way both times the word occurred in the article "She was even out of place in 'OnGolden Pond' playing Henry Fonda's prickly daughter-and she in question) .,,'as Henry Fonda's prickly daughter, after ell" (Jenet Maslin in NVTArts/Leisure, 4Jan 87) 'lhere've been a few blow-to-the-heads tonight .. (Dallas/Vikings football broadcast, 26 No.••87) Tense. time reference "At this writing, he ~ not married to Demi Moore, but their marriage Is expected momentarily "Asl:edwhy he obeyed [nlrBlz) (= North's) order, ..: (WFMT, July 87) and mayelreedy have occurred" (Parade, 15 Mar 87; noncoreferentiel present tenses: time of Joan: I may have a soldier's dress, mayn't I, ,qui re? (Shl'w', Saint JMn) 'Writing, time of publication) M1scel1lneous "It's natural for elderly~ blood sugar to rise" (Sun- TImes, 14 Apr 87) "99 out of 100 fathers 'Woulddisapprove of their 16- yeer-old daughter dating e 25-year-old "TheCommerce Dep!. said that Americans' income rose by [?) %.. (WFMT, 26 Oct 87) man" (Dear Diane. SunT, 29 July 87; doesn't imply 99%of fathers heve 16- yeer-old daughters) "Behind every man, there is e commander in chiefte,," (Royko, 4 Mer 87; suggests cltif!ft-an) Every/Each/*Any person wants a different thing. claymation (suggests ani- mali~n) All persons ..••ant different thi ngs. prolificacy (Dave Kehr, Tribune, 27 Feb 87) Which linguists admire which philosophers? (pltilosoplters, but not lin9uists, can take in feelings of misgender (Tribune, 6 Apr 87; article on counseling for sex-change surgery) dead individuals, irrespective of which Q has higher scope) a further dimlnlshment of inti macy (NYTMagazlne 7 June 87, 20) Speech ICts "Then he sew she was just so deepl y, movelessly esleep thet she gave e goodimpression of being A: I'll believe that when Reaganjoi ns Amnesty Irlternational. dead". (Stephen King, Tiff! Tommvl:/I()ckus, 111) B:and James Watt the Sierra Club. (suggested by G. Nethen, 30 Dec 86; is Bcopri ncipel?) Quecllntives "Neville begins obsessiOOon the films thet .•••ill put him back on top· (Sun- Times, 12 June 87) [The Labeque Sisters] "could have been Voguefashion models-except for the fact thet .•••hoever [Sic) "Curated Imaginatlvely by Sue Taylor ,... the exhibit features ..••orl: by local ertlsts" (Tribune, 29 heerd of fashion models who could synchronize 176 keys with such ferocious intensity ...?" May 87) (Tribune, 9 ilpr 87) Contraction Imp1icature He's as tall a man as any's in l11yrle. (Twelfth NIght 1.111.20) Doyou live with your parent~? Whet's (= What does) that have to do with anythi ng? (Nancy, 15 July 87) Yesl *No, I live with rny mother. Lexicon Indirect. semi-direct discourse "Nosanitary facilities" (sIgn on high'w'eyin MA;?Excuse me, ..••here are the senitary facilities?) "He had broken promises in his life, Godknew". (Stephen King, TIte Tomm1j!:no(;hrs, 88; also "Campers and recreational vehicles use ~ lane only" (Waukegan toll plaza; meens lene in 272) "Hewas still feeling defensive, GodI:ne..••why". (Ki ng, Tlte lon9 Wall:, 204, also 343) which drivers give money to an attendant rather than drop It into a machine) Patches. mimicr!l C.unt/m." "I can barbecue as tender a steak as anybody" (Belvedere, 22 Mey 87) "Large heil" (WFMT, 11 May 87) "He made several what were called rambli ng demands" (WFMT, Oct 87) "a 2- hour program of short, familiar classical music" (WNIB)

Q nnr-on"lhor I)") 10A7 10 f)pfpmhpr?? 1QA7 ~:l

'.ioms .....music composed to honor the 70th birthday of Ralph VaughnWilliams· (WfHT, 9 Hey 87) ·The bulle1 .•••e have 10 bi1e is 1ha1the rule has more exceptions 1han I1hlngs 1hat conform to it)" (E. Kaisse, 23 Apr 87) "I'm fairly certain that even if that's the case, thet 1come outehead" Lexieel sementies [WhlJdoes everyone thtnk of Nevadaas eas1 ofCa11fornla ra1her Ullin nor1h of It? It's probabllJ "00 .•••ell in sani1atlon, build up socialist civilization· (sign in HellQZhou) irrelevan11hat the easternmost point in Nevedais sligMl\l further east then the easternmost point in California) "Here 90u are" (marking location ofa mep in Shanghai Zoo).

reesk~neeiik) (D Zubin, 10 Apr 87) The bank and the pos1office are very close. ( ••to us, to each 01her) The bank and the post office are ver\l near. ( ••to us, *to eech 01her) "Some femele voice ....•••as humming softly to Itself". (Frederlk Pohi, t/id8S It't!r!d, 231 )

I'm QaiIlIJto be In HewYork 10llQerI*shorter than I 'WasIn Boston. OrtllovnplllJ I'm nol/*.8 going to be in Ne••••York (very) long...... unescoyr1ed ladles ..: (sign at bar, Van Buren SI.; evidence tha1 ••••riter relates ucuf, cqurf? Are you going to be here long? Jepenese .....music composed at the turn of the 19th century" (WFMT, 2 Dee 87; referred to 1800. Is ..the nie'miau 'neer miss' turn of the centunJ" the turn of one of the tvo abutti ng centuries, or Is l11lke ·1he changing of 1he "Wakatte lmesu va. Binboo ge iye ne deke 90"'1 understand. Youjus1 don't 1lke being poor' guerd"?) (KuroS3'w'8,Hakuchi, p 30; ·be·".8) Ne'leUve poluitg items

We made an eppointmen1 and he lneverL*didn·tshovedever sho'w'up. up.

Word-formeUon Pottery was made before AD200 by simple shell fishermen. (Brookilln Museum; llhhell fish) erlmen)?) ..... ever\l one of them drive-home-able" (commercial for O'Connor Ford) •...the assessed value of \/Our home less your [first mortgage) balance" (WFMT, Talmen ad). *mortgage [current balanceJ.(evidence that in compound onl\l adjunct but not head can be phrasal) birdseed vs. grass seed Speeell errors, .erevups "There is more attention to Ie••••end language being paid.· (J. levi, 15 Jan 87)

"I haven't figured this qui1e out yet.. (Me, OCFolk festival, 31 Jan 87)

"She drove through three red lights, and the second t'w'O••••ere on the beck of a truck· (Blondle, 30 Mar 87)

"Afi rst draft of the fIrst [book), tentatlvel y titled f'qeUcs, hes been finished, and Is to be published next spri 09" (Sun~ Times, 9 Apr 87)

"Depending how one defines consciousness affects how [one interprets ••••het the child does)" (Annette K.-S., 10 June 87)

"Therese said her former husband ... ·....entto bed fine, ••••ith m\l children in 1he apar1ment, and woleeup dead..·. (Tribune, 6 Aug. 87)

"Julian salad" (vall menu, Mama de leo's, Taylor SI.)

"The Ken1urlee\l... Ken1uck\l Derb\l" (WFHT, 2 Ma\l 87)

~ " December 22, 1987 12 December 22, 1987 I ._-----_ ..------_ ..-

1989 Jlngulstlc flea circus, misc. consisting, as in previous compilations, of miscellaneous things that I have heard, read, or thought She was stabbed by Josej with hisi own knife. *She was stabbed with hisi own knife by Jose. up thai at leaslat lhe time seemed to be of some linguistic interest. I distribute them more for my friends' amusement than anything else, but I am delighted if anyone can put any of these examples Control and observations to use in his research. -James D. McCawley "'n aO:Jition to revoking all logging concessions beginning next week, all cut timber sttll in the forests will revert to the governmenL" (Sun- Times, 12 Jan 89) Anaphora ..... now available to WFMT listeners by calling STate 2-3000" (WFMT, 16 Feb 89) backwards "The Macintosh SE/30 has to be used next to a Mac Plus or II regulllr SE to llJlpreciate just how fllst "Quitting puts Bloom in spotlight .• (Sun- Times headline, 16 Feb 89) it is" (Don Crabb, Sun-Times, 29Jan 89) "His doctor recalls Reagan shooting" (Tampa Tribune, 20 Feb 89) "To comply with the Clelln InliJor Air Ordinance of the City of ChiCll!P, smoking is not llllowed in "Jaru2elskl sits next to his erstwhile nemesisi as Walesai makes a point •. (Time caption, I May the auditorium ... " (sign at Court Theater, 1989) 89) "The rest of the time they're moving too fast to get a good look at 0" (Hi 11M Lois, Nov 27 89) "But hlsl eventual opposition to the Reign of Terror led to Dantoni'S execution" (Time, I May 89) "But even if ~has never taken II letter or fetched coffee for a boss, nellrly every adult womlln has "And word is Lettermanl requested a Ferrari to be at his disposlll while 01 in town" (Sneed, at some point held some Job outside the home" (Tribune, 6 OCt 89) Sun- TImes, 4 May 89) "binding" conditions "I was not rllised to expect that a brellkthrough moment in mille/female relationships could "Of course I drink a 101. If you were married to you, you'd drink a lot too" (The Lockhorns, 12 Feb possibly occur while 0 sitting around a pool In a pricey neighborhood just south of Beverly Ht1Is" 89) (Judy Markey, Sun - TImes, 15 June 89) "What's worth more-asister's chastity or her brother's life?" (Reader, 19 May 89) Parasitic gap

89)"Bridei moons groomj as Don Johnsonj weds pregnant Melanie Oriffithi" (headline, Star, 11 July •....a book which If you don't know about 0, I recommend 0 very highly" (Seth K, 16 May 89) reclprllClll Anllphoric I,hmds "We were In lovej at least, I was" "The Ythrian is carnivorous, aside from various sweet fruits" (Poul Anderson, Homewerd 8fJd We were in love with each other; *at least, I was. 8eyvnd, I 7; trellts 'carnivorous' as = 'ellts (on ly) mellt') reflexive "Two years Bgli remarried, and she calls this man her dattty" (letter to Dear Diane, 13 Dec 89; "He saw, sitting on the bed, a man of about the SlIme age as himself" (Satanic Verses) this man = the writer's second husband) "Millions of Oprah Winfrey fans were thoroughly confused last week when when, during her show, Islands she emotionally denied and denounced a vile rumor about herself" (Royko, 22 May 89) complex NP constraint "For all they knew I had picked up this wallet and was trying to pass myself off as me" (NYT letter, "Illinois' disputed abortion regulations are so stringent that clinics that now perform one-third of II Dee 83j noncoreferential Isg's) the notion's abortions would be unable to comply with them" (Tribune, 17 Nov 89; means for one -Weissl knew ex~t1y how to keep the focus on himself!" (Tom Wolfe, 8onfireoffl1e "Panifies, third of the nation's abortions, the clinics that perform them would be unable to comply) 503) . ..•.•. coordinate structure constraint "The test Is when ~can create a character who is totally'different from yourself, ..... , "I have "Brad Alexanoor was arrested and pleai!d guilty to disturbing the peoce" (NO Times-Picayune, 28 Dec. 88; opparent mellning: ·...was arrested for disturbing the PellC6 and plellded guilty·) simplyloundSun- Tnnes) things thai work better for ~"• (Sigmund~ Nimsgern: ~led..in• ~.6 oct 89 "They know what they can step on and not fall down" (Lila G, 13 Apr 89) .•...few believed the superstar would agree to play a character IIdecadeolder thon himself" "I'm the kind of guy who loses his credit card and Imelda Marcos finds it" (Crock, OC' 1889) (Sun-Times, 150ct 89) "Get help ond advice for YQl!.ond your bobV" (lid in CTA, 1989). Get help for yourself/*you. What's the soup that I get to choose betweent··?a0 bowl of 05I. and a salad? .•... within him- or herself" (S. Toulmin lecture, I Dec {\9)j ??my- or himself . ~ "An innocent young cood has psychic powers but has to prove It, or die, to a witch who thinks she's "All of us want to be known for what we are, for what makes ull stond out, for what makes better" (Tribune TV Week, Apr 587; HellVY Constituent Shift over second conjunct?) ourselves special" (Studs Terkel Show? 27 Nov 89) Sentential subject constraint .....a precedent which not tHead 0 would show the Britons cold" ( Cymbeline 11.1.75) "Once it Infects a computer, the virusi instructs the machine to make copies of itselfi" WH-Island (Sun- Times, 4 Nov 88 j in context must be interpreted as Indicated, notwithstanding availability "There's another class of cases which I don't see how you could handle" (D. Perlmutter ,29 Dee 88) of f!lem~ine as a possible antecedent) "If anything happens to me, there are 4 cases of empties only I know where to return" (Willy 'n "There was 0 dark brown Plymouth behind him ... It rarely allowed another car to come between Ethel, 31 Jan 89) ili!ill:and Thad's Suburban" (Stephen King, Tl1eOerk Half, 270) "Texlay she has more offers than animal control officials know what to do with" (WMAQ News, 30 ~pllt antecedent Jan 89) •.... Hall led Garson one night each in Los Angeles and ChiCBgland several nights in New York - the .•...a contrast that I never knew what to do with between r...J and [...j" (Larry Horn, 29 Dec 88) three top markets" (NYT Magazine, I OCt 89) other VP-deletlon Lois: Chip, don·t sit around and wait for your father to ask you to help him cut the grass. "But whereas the collegiate may resort to Cliffs Notes, the autlXlidact need never 0" (NYT Chip: Okay-I won·t. Who should I sit around and wait for 0 to llSk me, then? (Hi and Lois, May Education Supplement, 8 Jan 89) 30,85) "How can I respect someone nobody else does 0?" (Miss Peach, I OCt89j antecedent-contained) Surfuce constraints "He was able to concentrate on what an editor should 0" (Bode, Hencken, 235; Order of YP elements antecedent-contained, with a free relative rather than an ordinary NP) "Are you gonna get me some of those down?" (overheard in shop, 31 Dec 88) "She had certain calculated phraslngs that If you wanted to 0 you could read 0 the wrong way" "We think we'll take off that" (TMcC, 18 Feb 89) (Reader, 24 Feb 89; pronoun counts as identical to trace) .•, c1ellned up all that... "Better take off this". otro circa de pulgas lingiiistica Olivia: ". tan insignificanle para gustar Ie a un hombre comoAlfrlllil. ( 11u8t:i1/1JP8, 28 July 93) (Spanish examples token mainly from telenovelos and news shows on ChiCllgOTVstations, This takes in all my compliations of Spanish allamplas up to 1993; the number ofsplll1ing and "Por ser Dia de las Madres, panganme una musiquita que me gusta ..(lbargueO!Jlitia, /nslrucciones tron5Cription errors in earlier compilations hos been greatly reduced thonks to help from Eliso {Mf"1Jvivir en tftixico. 292) ,.' Steinberg, Elily Gaytan, and Josep M, Fontana) James 0, McCawley, Dep\' of Linguistics, "Pese a ser de dia y estar en pleno centro, alalcance de los ojos incontables de parientes yamlp University of ChiCllgO, 1010 E. 59th 51" ChiCl9lIL 60637 de 10fomilia, 10tia Julia y yo ibomos de 10mlll1O,y yo la be:sabatoOJal ticmpo" (Varlll" L1OSll,ill An8phor8 TfaJlI/ia, 197) A Wue rell'K:ionhllYentre ese senor y yo? B: Todavianingunll, Pero te llsegUroque l!1 hllbrn, ",,, el 3 de Septiembre que no se trllblljll por ser LlIbar Doy" (commercilll for Vllljes Pllienche, 81) "Entre fstrell8 y yo no hay nllla, y no lQhabra nunr.a" ( La /ntruSH, 4 Jan 88) Ellipsis "U:;\edno Ilene la culpa de nada Nadie ~ Ilene" ( in Intru54, 9 feb 88) "Wuieres ir 1I111c6reel?iQuieresqueyoy mi Pllpatllmbien?" ( TuofJlJdie, 7 Jon) Iris: Ten!JIla conciencia Iimpia, Mariela: Yo!§,ten!JItambien. (A/ fJJore /8 muerte, 3 Dee 91 ; "Yose que tu eslas sufriendo, y tu sabes que yo tambien" cf. I have *it/??one too) "",hllSta el dill que Mllrill5ufrlll0 que yo" (Rostl Si1IYl1jtf, Apr 88) "Joaquin pudo retener entre las suyas la diestra de la muchacha por mas de un minuto (exl'K:to:su "5i ella se va, yo tambien" (La /ntrUSlJ, 22 June 87) cabeza de nrbitro 10cronometro)" (Vllrgas L1osa, LIJ TiIJJu/itJ, 349; not clear which of the zero X:iCOmote 5ientes? Y:Creo que un poco mejor, instances of m8llo should be considered the antecedent of the other) Alfred:!: Por supueslD hablo frances. Nome digas que lu Iambien. ( La /ntrUSlJ, 8 Jlln 88) "Yoqueria verte sena, como tu siempre lQ fuiste" (LIJ /ntrllSlJ, 23 Dee 87) "iTodJs los dillblos cojeon? PlIrece que 5i. Dicen que KlentibDk.ori tambien" (Vargas LJOSll,£1 "Undia de estos voy a estar ahi" ( EI Nuevo Oi8, 21 June 89 translation of remarks by Dwight habla:iJr, 190) Gro1en; English: one of these days, *one dIIYof these) "... los Schneil me preguntllron 5i no me sentill bien. Respondi que perfeelllmenle,llUnqtJe llllJl "",con tu ayuda 0 sin ella" ( Carmin, 30 Apr 86) cansada, pues habia dormick:lpoco" (Vargas LJosa, ElIJ8b18liJr, 178) Backwards A: iTe recuerdlls IIDiel})Alvarez? "0j L1enateatros en tode America y las mujeres se enloquecen cuanoo 0j se contorsiona B: LaverdedesquemuyvaJllmente. (YolXJfTlproesamujer, 2

January 1 J, J qc / ,J:'lnl/?lrv " , qc "Hay es la boda del joven Jorge Luis con la senorita t1aria Mer~, y pronlo sera ~ "Pero 10que nos cuesta trabajo entender Ia es que no existen problems esencislmente insolubl811: conm t!:P" ( t1tJrt'8 tlerced7s, 25 Nov 92; = 'yours with me') (Ibargiiengoitia, /nstruccionesp"r" vivir en /texico, 131) "Olfaleamb el papel (como un sabueso la mesa)." (Vargas l1osa, iOuien ma/daPalomlno Pied-piping tlolero.;~ 85) ."E:5 lt1viti por m!:dio de la cual podemo:s ejcrcer nuc:5tra influcncia:ltlbre la:s dl:r;l:sione:s ~,,, A: No es tiempo de reeriminaciones. B: No, ni liempo de prelexlos. (AI FtJodJ la t1uer/e, 25 Ocl gubernamentales" (Ibargiienlpitia, /nstrucrionespara viviren/1exico, 111) 91 ) ldentfty ',--~. "Sonaba con ir a Espana (como yo con ir a Francia) ..." (Vargas l1osa, La TiaJulia, 200) Alicia: Afortunadamente, no pasOnada. Rita: Pero puede pasor. (tJuMJltlptJ, 3 Sept 93; no = \ "Si yo no 10quiero, el tampoco" (tJutJdJlupe, 23 Feb 93) algo) "Quizas lu no tienes nadaque decirme, pero yo a Ii si" ( tlerielena, 26 Jan 93) Gender ignored Daniela Henry me hablaba mucho de Ii. Perla: Y a ml de ti. ( (JutxiJlupe, 20 Aug 93) "Entonces, Gfuiste tu ~ que rompio con el?" (AI flJod! I"mtltlrte, 30 Jan 92) Luis Anlonio: Yo te amo. Virginia: Yo lambien a Ii. (LaIn/ruse, I Jan 81) M.T.: Eres injusto, Jose Antonio. J.A.: No, Maria Teresa, la injusta eres tu. Mariela: Estns equiv~. Armando: La equivocOOaeres tu, Mllriela. (Atrt!vcte, 9 Jan 87) "No habra proxima vez. Conmigo sOlo se falla una" ( (JutJdJlupe, 10 Nov 93) "Yo no SJJyinseguro. La insegura eres tu." Armando: Estns tan asustlld!1como yo, Mariela, i.verdad? (AtrtlYt1te, 6 Aug 86) Ana Julia: LA quien te refieres? Fidelia: LA quien crees? ( La In/ruse, 3 Mar 88; Sluicing) "Tu no te des tan fik:i1mente por vencill!!, ni yo tampoco" (OilJl/aS8ItlZ8f', 18July 88; male speaker) "Fonchito ni siquiera se da cuenla que hace mal. Palabra que no se da" (Vargas l1osa, Ela;;ioala Amanda to Esteban: Yo tamblen estoy sola como tu. (Atrtivete, 22 Sept 86) mtJdros/ru, 59) "Es 10mas pequena de los tres" ( tJutxiJlupe, 19 Aug 93; 'Ios tres' are one men and two women) "Soy yo la que manda" ( (Jtl8dtJlupe,Mar 93; ·the one/*woman who gives the orders') "Ahora es cuando" (Vargas Llosa, t'Oulen mtJ/dtJ ptJlomino tlolero?, 60) Harry: Luisa Zambrano es la primera sospeehosa. (tJutxiJlupe, 14 Dee 93) r "Yo nunca te hable de matrimonio. W si?" (man to woman) "Eres un ser humano, no un mui'iecg" (Dos Jlitbs, 11 June 88) Doctor: Usted es una muchacha sana, y su marido tambien. (Coralito, 1981) Irene En esta ciudal que ellas no se reeuerdan, pero yo si, ... ( DianaS8I82'er, 2 Dee 88) i' Mother (to Alfonso): Es una buena chica, y tU.!!!.eres tambien. ( 1983) t "LAdonde vas?" "Adomi! me da la gana" (DianaS8l8.?ar, 20 Oct 88) Rosana: Que buen hijo eres. Rodrigo: Mejor que tu. ( TalcanoStJmos, 26 May 88; hljo = hija) r Virginia: Yo no me puedo ir-no puedo. ( LtJIn/rustJ, Feb 88; argues for an underlying structure "Despues del dano que Ie ha heeho su hijo ala mia" «(JuOluptJ, 27 Aug 93) with the clitic in the lower V' for ellipsis to apply to) Rene: Me reciblo porque SJJysu amigo. Pur ita: Pero yo .!!!.SJJytambien. (/1eriellJl1lJ, 14 Dee 92; l amigo = amlge) f "Una cancion puede 0 no gustar" (Das Jlida5, 9 June 88) "los tios Jorge y Oaby" (Vargas Llosa, La TiaJulia, 240; 'Uncle Jorge and Aunt Oeby'; tio = tia) k" .. bUSCllntecniquerlas ... que les informarnn si 10escrito tiene el dereeho 0 no de agr!ldllrles" L (Borges, Discusitin, 39) Diana: Vo tamblen croo que JordBna no es la asesino. (Oi6118S8IIJltV', 4 Nov. 88; no presupposition t_ ' "No perm ite que se cambie ni una coma. Si no, Ie dan unos colerones terribles" (Vargas Llosa, L" that the culprit is a woman, and ellJ58Sil1O Isn·t even lD:ePtable here. Cf.: I,- TiaJulia, 283) Yo tambiEm creo que Jordana no es la aseslna sino que otra persona debe ser el asesino.) r'

"Esla princlpalsospeehosa" (DI;"",StJI6Mr, 1 Hov 88; means 'princlj)31 suspect., not 'prlnclj)31 f "Y neeesita un hombre para que la proleja" (Yesenia, 1 Dee 89; is this Equi into a finite S? hard female suspect') ~ to verify, since a non-zero subjeet el is possible in some 55, though marginal here: "Yo no vi ninguna carta ni tarjeta que me pruebe que ella fue mque lIevola guitarralll Puesto" ??Necesita un hombre para que el la proteja. (Vargas Llosa, lOuit!n mstdaPalomil1O/1olero?, 141; no presupposition that it was a woman who I t~e(.esJtaa su hermano par a Queel 1aprotejJ (e,.;Jmples from EOJ) brought the guitar to the police station) i Islands Renato: Es un hombre muy peligroso. Sofia: Mas peligrllS§ voy a ser yo. ( Amar di' AW'ie,29 Aug 91 ) "AI Enano que no sabia si acercarse, Ie senalo la canasta" (Vargas l1osa, L"uverrtJdJl find!1 number Ignored mundJ, 420, WH- island) "Nunca lemento elguno de mis ~ heber.l2 5100' (Vargas LJosa, Ela;;io 818 mU8Str6, 124) .. esas heridas abiertas, que no h6'y'con que vendar ni desinfeetar ni suturar ..." (Vargas l1osa, LtJ sloppy Identity guerra dJl fin dJl mundJ, 463; Wh- island violation with infinitival relative) X: Ya no eres el Rufino que eras. Rufino: Tu tampoco. (Vargas Llosa, LSfllJIJI"radi'1 finm! mundJ, ':L05 teletonos, desde 105 de manija hastal05 mns modern05 que no sabe uno cOmoagarrar, tienen 265) varias funciones" ( Ibargiiengoit ia, Ins/rucciones para vivir en /1exico, 201) "Ellos no me conocen, pero yo si" (/1i pequeifaSoIedJd, I <£t 90; = yo los conozco) "Me 10imaginaba apretando tornillos toda la noche y yo estorbnndole su (mica diversion" Leonor: Tengo mis dutmy supongo que tu ~ tlenes tambler.. (Afrtivem, 20 Apr 87; cf. ??...I ( Ibargiiengoit ia, Ins/rucciones para vivir en /1exico, 83) suppose you heve them too; •... I suppose you 00 too' is OK, since sloppy Identity is OK for V'-del). "Despues presento el dilema que me interesa y que no se cOmoresolver 0" (Ibargiiengoitill, Ins/rucciones para vivir en /1exico, I 15) use of morphological for.s Victoria: ... una mujer que no sabemos ni siquiera qui{m 0 es. ( tlerielen", 29 Dee 92) Agreement " algo muy grave que no se 10que 0 es" (tJutJdJlupe, I Apr 93) Armando to Marcos: Hi tu nl Federico van a convencerme. (AfriveM, 8 <£t 86) " escondilindome de alguien que no se quien 0 es" ( (JutxiJllJpe, 16 Dee 93) Leonor: No quiero que nl Armando ni Roberto sufran. (Afrm,m, 11 Mar 61 Diana: Es que mi madre descubrio algo que no se que es 0. (DilJl/aS8laMr, 4 Nov 88) Maximo to Diego: Recuerda que nl tu ni yo Ie tenemos. (JlJf}!II1dJ8 vivir, 8 May 84) "Ni Ricardo, ni slquiere mi papn, son tM educaOOscomo eree!" (Vllrgas L105ll, (;'()uitfn m8td8 "Hay un libro que cadavez que 1000, me h~e pensar que la vida es ancha, esta Hana de mentiras y Palomino/1oleroP, 123) que tOOnsse pueden decir par carta" (lbargUengoilia, /nstruccionesper8 vivir en /1exico, 195) Diana: Dijo que MllriollYO ibamos a morir. ( Elexlr6f1ortJtornod!Dil1MStJl8l'I!r, 30 Nov 86) "Hay algo que no se si tu sabes 0" «(JutJdJlupe, 21 Sept 93) •.... ni Ie mujer I nl los hijos, nl el much~ho que estaba vlviendo alii cerca porque queria C8S81"'se

." 1•.·.• ·.,', .•.••-·,\.1' tn, con la hija mayor de Tasurinchi, se quejaron" (Vargas Llosa, EII18bIlK1:Jr, 216) "Yo creo que una de las causas mas poderosas de la indlferencia y 8p8tia que sentimos muchas [PlurolllJreement obligatory in 011the preceding; with conjoined subject ofter the verb there is mexiconos por IllS cosos politicos ..... (Iborguengoitill, InstrllCCiones fJtJrll vivlr en tftixico, 153) the option of agreement with just the closest conjunct: No me agrlllaba/agrlllaban ni el luger, ni la "Para los mexiC8flOSque no tenemos ambiciones politicas ni esper8ll28S burocrilticas ...: horo, ni los concurrentes ([S) On this option, see now Judith Aissen ondJeffrey Runner, (Iborgiiengoitio, /nstrllCCiones fNYlI vivlr t:JI1 tttixico, 1104) •... "Spanistlleft conjunct agreement", read at 1989 LSA meeting.] "...esta revista se hunde y tails 105imbeciles que lrabajamos iKlui noshundimos con ella" (Vargas But: "Ni nlldo ni nlldie puede sepllrornos" (Atrevetc, 29 Aug 86; puedJ preferred to put:d!n) L1oso, lfl rlfl.Julii1, ••39) "Francisco hace siempre 10que quiere, y ni Alina ni nadie tienen gran influencia sobre al" (AI fila Diana (to her mother): Para ti tu familia somos una propiedad. (tJuadBlupl!, 13 Dee 93) ci! I" muertc, 22 Nov 91 ) "EI cortero mio es mejor. SlIbe leer, y distinguir entre las cinco fam i lias que compartimos III r1arielena: Nl mi hijo ni yo volveremos jamas. (ttarielena, 17 Dec 92) misma direcci6n ..... (Ibargiiengoitia, /nstruccionesptJl"lI viviren ttexico, 198)

"EI Partido DemOcrata Nacional nos prometieron muchas cosas" (interview, Noticiero, 5 July 93) "... con una precision y maestria increibles" (Marti. Instrumentos musicales prer::rJrtesi8/los 58) "[I campo estil preparado, el mundo espera ansiOSO§los productios solidos de monos mexiCllnos" .....disporonoo III f1echll sin llpuntor, dllbo unos posos por el monte y pronto se tropezaba con una (Ibargtiengoitia, Instruccionesparo vivlren ttexico, 181) pavita, !Jnaperdiz 0 un trompetero f1ech~" (Vargas L10000,E/ H8IJ1lK1:Jr,38; one bird each time) "No he conocldo 0 nlldie que diero de entrlldo, como 61, 8SlI lmpresioo de persona tan ohier-tll, sin " Lo menos que parecen es delincuentes" ( fJuodJlupe, 27 July 93) repliegues, desprendida de buenos instintos, nlldle que mostrara una sencillez y un corazOn "Pudo ser usted" ( 8uc2Z1lupe,22 June 93; response to "one of us wos going to die"; [S olso IK:Cepts semejont~ en cuolquier circumstoncio" (Vorgas Lloso, EI fbbllldJr, 11 ; no 1Ibefore 2nd Mdi~ Pudiste/PudJ ser ttlJ ..... pues ahora 0010heblaban del Consejero, de Dios odellugar de oonde venian con una convicci6n y "Lo unico que necesito son tus besos" (ttarielefld, 30 Dec 92) un orgullo contogiosos" (Vllrgos L1oso. LlI fllIIJI"rll cill fin cill mundJ, 92) "Ahora 10que quiero eres tu" ( ttarielena, 6 Jan 93) "Su punto oobi I son las mujeres" ( Di/Jllll StJltJMr, 28 July 88; *es) "Lo terceralllternlltiva consiste en seguir investigando hasto encontrar unll exegesis del SUC6SO, "Era otra persona: lIeno de formas y de solemnidad" (Vargas Llosa, Lo {JoJulia, 364) escrite par un hombre muy enterado, que afirma en primer luger que tanto sanchez Perez como Dfmielo: Uno de los tres - tu 0 Henry 0 yo - es el hijo deAntonio ( fJulldJluplJ, 19 July 93) Perez Lopez son uno mllrevillll" (Iborgiiengoitill, /nstrllCCiOfltlS /NY" vivir en tttixico, 1045)

"Tu eres 10unica Quepuedes oyudor 0 ello" ( fJutJdJlupc, 16 Dec 93) Juan y Pedro son mn.i!m, y Poblo y Gerordo.!Q son tombian. (gender Ilnd number ore irrelevant to "Eres tu que te comportas en una manera muy extrana" ( ttarielena, 5 Jan 93) prominal ization of predicate NP) ''Lo que importa ahora somos tu y yo" ( Dos YitiJs, 9 June 88; *es) "Los unicos culpables m nosotros" ( Lo IntruS8, Feb 88) "Ios malos entendidos" ( AI Fila Ii! la ttuerte, 15 Jan 92) "Los que se yon, hon vuelto. [stan oqui. Son nosotros" (Vorgos L1oso, EI fIlIbllXiJr, 39) ..... poroll:loror ciertos molos entendidos" (news, 04Dee 92) Marcos to Armando: [Roberto) estaba jugendo a que fuera/*fueras tu. (Atrevete, 8 Dec 86) I' "Lo escuela Du SlIble es 97J negqf (Ayuda, 5 June 86) I "EI problema fueron ellos, no fui yo" (Cristina, 17 Oct 91 j woman discussing ex-husbands) Estrella to Rosa: Eres mi antiguo perro fiel. ( La /ntrllSll, Feb 88; an idiom: if perro were , [I ganlrlJr vfIYl*va 0 ser yo. [I genador porezco/*porece ser yo. replll:ed by p8rrll, it would be literolllnd meon 'bitch') EI ganaoor parece/*parezco que SrJy yo. [Does this argue that in "EI genador SrJy yo", el fl8/J8dJr is the subject, but agreement is with the predicate NP?] "Los reyes de Castillll Y el de Portugal... .. 'The king and queen of Costile and the king of Portuglll' Ni Bush ni Clinton seran los genadores. (film Cristobal Calm) *Ni Bush ni Clinton sera el genador. (disc. with [S, Apr 92) los reyes de Castillo y la de Ingloterro 'the Icing and queen of Costlle IInd the queen of England' la reina de Inglaterra y los de Castilla 'the queen ofEngland and the Icing and queen of Spain' "Virginio, acompanadopor otros tipos, me descubrieron" ( LlI IntrllSll, 6 Nov 87) (shows that reyes is a plural of rei"" as much as of ren

"Los hombres y los mujeres tenemos los mismos derechos" (LlI/ntruSll, 7 July 87; tienen also ''Lil hllmbrienta y f1aca loba del primer canto de la Divina Comedill no es un emblem!! 0 letr!! de la possible-ES) avaricia" (Borges, DiscusiOn, 139j "una letra 0 emblema"also OK ll:C. to ES) .....quienes no creemos que ese debe ser el futuro de Puerto Rico, tendremos que unirnos en un movimiento para detener la Republica" ( EI NuevoDia, 19 June 89; " we who do not believe .....) "Nuestro conocimiento reciproco es total. Tu eres yoy tu, y tu 5afyoy tuN (Vargas L1OS1l,E1Ot]loa "Aqui, los umcos Quese friegan siempre somos los pobres" (Vargas L1oso, (,t)tJitin mlltollPlIlomino I" mUlIStrlJ, 160) ttolera?, 179) "Hll:iamos Lo Torre de Babel cuatro personas: Luis L1osa; ... Moshe don Furgeng ... ; el camar6grafo "EI circulo que rodeo 01Coronel 56 desgrllllll 0 medido que, obedeciendo sus instrucciones. ~ Alejandro Perez y yo" (Vargas L1osa, EI hobl.DJr, 141) de los oficiales, luega de chocar los tacones, se aleja en direcciooes distintas" (Vargas L10S1l.La .... para los que trobojomos" ('for us who ore worlcing'; AmorcilNtJdic, 26 July 91) gtJfJfT" cill fin cill mulNiJ, I "\8) "Los dos corremos peligro de muerte" (AI /ilocillomuerte, 5 Feb 92) "Acaso present ia que, aquelill noche, quienes gozilbamos en eso hobitacion enrojecido por 10Cllndelo "Chef Bf1Yardee... III numero uno en pastas enIllttl1llS .. (commerciol, 1991, noted by ES) y el deseo no eramos dos sino Ires" (Vargas L1osa, EIOt]ioo lomodrDStra, 36) "Ha decidido gastarse sus dineros Sf'£an~ esos pub licaciones con el prop6sito de defender el nombre (the following exomples are from [5 in response to my query as to why yem8 in III yem8dllos de Quienes servimos 81 Emperador, del vilipendio a que nos someten" (Vargas L1osa, Loguerrali!l thiJs is singular) lin cill munciJ, 363) Me duele III yemo de los dedas. 'My fingerti~ hurt' Carlos: Ni lU1Sil ni yo somos pCKlresejemplares. ( 8utKiJlupe, 29 June 93) Me duelen las yemas de los dedas. "Para los profanos, 10sque no entendemos el tramite y estamos fuera del aguinaloo, ..... Me quema la planto de los pies. * ...el deW . (lbarguengoitia, Instrucciones poro vivir en ttexico, 175) Me queman las plantas de los pies. ...Ios dedas .

c:: l"i'll/OWII 11 1 fie h Me ard'! la palma d'!las manas *...Ia uiia... of you and R" = dos retratos tuyos y de Reque!) Me 1Irdenlas p610lllSde las 101Inos..l11s uiias...... el fruto del11mor de Luis felipey mio" (ftlJrielentf, 2 Dee 92) Me duele la raiz d'! los dientes. a pesar tuyo 'in spite of you' ?Me duelen las r1lices d'! los dientes. "iErll muy fee su nllriz? Dependilldel cristllill cuyo tnlV~ se Ie mirllbll" (VlIrg!l5l1o:ll1.Elogiol! 111 Me enfrie el lobulo de las orejas. ...1araiz de los cabellos. mueslI's, I 29) Me enfrie los lobulos de las orejos. ?.11IS rakes de los cabellos...... :ilIa hllbia :5entittJrepugnancia par e::RS:lbe:rtim que templlllHmencima :suyocomo attlClllb:sdel Accusative 8 mal de San Vito..... (Vargas l1osa, LaguerredJI findJI muntiJ, 50) "Er6 inC6p6Zde pronunci1lr p1llabr6, miraba toOOy a toOOscon letilrgica inexpresividad de tortugB, "Yono tengo nl'Klllen contrll tUYll"( tftJrielena, 7 Jan 93) ..." (Vargas L1osa, La TiaJulia, 265; conjoining of NPs with and without m "Cualquier mujer seria feliz al Ilrll tuyo" ( tfarielfJ/18, 7 Jan 93) "Esoes asunto de el y mio" (tfl!rielenl!, II Jlln 93) "l.COmose llama el hombre que atropello la seiior ita? " ( Ttionaile, unambiguously: ... who the llrly Per la: l.OUequieres - que yo 10yea a espaldas tuyas? ( tJuBdalupe, 5 Aug 93) rim over, because of ebsence of dJ Arllngo:Mllrill es mils hijll mia que de 61.( 8ul!d:Jlupe, 5 Jlln 91)

Gebr iel to Homer Chevez:dstils reconociendo que escribiste ellibro con IIISOIIlintencion de lie possessive in "iPobreArmllndo! iPobre de tl!" (*Pobre tuyo) or in (ES examples) "EI malol l separarnos, a Eva y a mi? (La VerdllEra Eva, 84) traioor de mi hermano" (cf. "My traitor of a brother"); ES notes that evaluativelv positive words r Alina: I.osvi habl6ndo. Laura: iAquil~nes? AlimtAfr6nciscoYllM6riela. (AlfilotJJ18muerle, become ironic in this construction: EI vivo de mi hijo. 25 Dec 91) La inteligenta de tu mujer regal6 mi Jlbro favorito. Lllbel1m de si 1111que compro llrrUinll tlXlaIIIdecorllCi6n. I "EIla me ame con locura, igual que yo a ella" (NB comparative reduction) Subjunctive "Alalmica que ama es ami" (Vanessll, 2 Mar 83) "Noimportlll11 opinion que tu teng!l5" r "Ala unica que no pud:!reconocer fue a Requel" (27 Jan 86) "[sto 10hago, no porque exista una ley , ni escrita ni aceptada, sino porqua no quiero antrar en una f "Los voy a destruir a toOOs"(NB separation of quantifier from NP) discusion en donde el enemigo vall esgrim ir un llrgumento tlln contundente comoel derecho que el l "Laque tienes que convencer es a Javier" ( l1arla yJavier) pobre liene a divertirse: (Ibargijengoitia, InslrllCCliYles/NJf'11 viviren tfexico, 62; = .... not t- "Es a ti que yo quiero" beCllUsethere's llny IllW...') "Loque esa niiia necesita es !!su padre" (l1arielena, 15,Jan 93) clitics Dios (*10) hizo \lover. (dummy subject of 110JIl!'/' doesn·t surfa llSIIclitic when it becomes "Prefiero dejar hablar a mi corazOn" (AI flJore lamuerle, 27 feb 92) object) "EI gobierno recide hocer un esfuerzo espectacular y gracias IIel, colocar al pllis lllll Cllbezllde las "Dejate de flll5llSbromas y eXDIiCllnosJode unll vel" (Vllrges 1105ll, Ll1guerrl!dJI fintbl muntiJ, , naciones en determinado campo" (Ibargliengoitia, Inslruccionespara vivir en l1exico, 191) 272) "iQuien mato (0 va a matllr) IIla Universidad?" (lbargOengoitia, InslrllCCiones ptJrl! vivir en .....Clldllfotografill, simultilneemente. dllill vidll V se la qUttllll sus objetos" (Am!riC8S 10.6.13; I! /'fexico, subtitle, 277) sus abjelos evidently goes with both conjuncts; ...IesdJ 1811idJ.. is also possible) Vlrginill to MllnueJ:Luis Antonio nos encontrollias 00s juntas. ( LI! InlrUSl!, 29 Oct 87) Mariela: No la condenas como a mi. (Alrevele, 18 Mar 87) "[stoy muy contenta. y tu vas a estarlo tambien" (l1arielena, 3 Dee 92) F

Omar: Quiero a Mario Villareal muerto. (OianaSaI8Z'8r, I Sept 88) "... esa fusion que 5610puede expreserse *ued8mente traumatlzanm la slnwls: yo te me !j. . entrego, me te masturbas. chupatememonos" (VllrgllS1105ll,Elogio I! II! mlXTlI$lrl!, 161) r "LEstils jugando ~ detective?" (OianaSaI8Z'8l', 14 Oct 88; e also possible) Inanimate dative i controction "Dice la gente que si uno .mdlltres vueltas !llllrool, se CllSl!ldentro dellli'io" (Amerlces 38. I. 13) "Cartagena no taroo en convertirse en punto de recoleccion del oro, esmeraldas y per las "... poner!ll.aceite al coche" procedentes del virreinato de Nuevaeranada, y a menudo del oro y la plata del Peru ..." (AmeriC8S "Dificil que \leguen llrrlbll. Pero, 5i \legllIl, pueden Inutllllllrio. E5 fecil. Quebrllr.m la espoletll 0 39.3, 13; dJ fuses with article of only the first conjunct) volar.!!lal cargOOJr" (Vergas Llosa, LlJguerradJl findJl mundJ, 41 OJ refers to a cannon) "Puerto Rico... habia salido victorioso del mal tiempo, la posible turbulencia politica y las "En camblo llhorll Bush y 60rbllChev se reunen en Londres, y llios 00s minutos todo el mundo Sllbe d1ficullaOOsh:gislicas" (Amtirli:~5'39.63) de que hablaron y que marca de ketchup !ll.puso el americano al caviar ruso" (AmeriC8S 43.4.64) "Asiandaba LuchoAbril Mllrroquin, ailliio del accidente: llbllnltJnlldode su mujercita y del sueno y "Yono Ie tengo miedo. sino Ie tengo respeto" ( 8ul!d:Jlupe, I Dee 93; Ie = elllgUll) la tranquilidad, ..." (Vargas Llosa. La TiaJulia, 216) Climbing "Note qulero obllgllr" ( CtJrmln, 19 HllY86) "Es ioontico ~de Irene" (OianaSaI8Z'8r, 18 Oct 88; = al retrato) "Losl(J) vigllando" ( Csrmln, 30 June 86) "Su bocallncha estil fruncidll con firmezll y las ventllnillas de su nllriz, muy llbiertos, parecen Leonor: iNome mllndllsIICllI111r!(AtrMlt!, I Dee 86) l. aspirar mas dire del que neeesitan" (Vargas Llosa. LeguerratJJI fin dJI mundJ, 19) Mariela: Yome se defender. (Alrtillete, 23 Her 87) "Mis padres vivian en Estados Unidosy mi pl'Klreera un hombre severo IIIque yo Ie tenill mucho "se volvloll burlllr de mi" (LI! InlrUSl!, 18 JlII188) t miedo" (Vargas Llosa, La TiaJulia, 278) . "Luis Antonio se quiere divorciar" ( L8/nlrlJS8, 25 Jan 88) I "Loscumpleaiios lienen dos defectos: son inevitablesy acumullltivos y 6demils, Vllndeformllndo la "Si 10neeesitllS, hilzmelo saber" (14mIT' tb Mrt~ 16 Apr 91 ; clltlcs from different 55) personalidad del que los festeja" (lbargOengoilia, Inslruccionespara vivir en l1exico, 51) "Note quiero volver 8 ver" ( AmIT' isMrff~19 Ju IV91 ) de = possessive "Nome pien:somover de llQui"( Amtr is Mrt/~ 7 HllY91 ) Pierre: Esa nina no es de Luciano sino mia. (Vanessa, 26 Apr. 83) "iEI me tiene que buscar ami" ( ftarielens, 2 Dee 92) "Yome lIevo un lindo recuer-do tuyo" .... a lovely memory of you' Luigi: Lo mllndllre mlltllr. (AI f'ilotif Il!ftuerle, 10 Mllr 92) "Hay un retrato tuyo y de Raquel" ( = a picture of you and Requal; Tti 0 nadis, 9 Jan; "two pictures "Tehe venido a buscar" ( tfarielena, 2 Dee 92) "LMeviniste a bUSC II "De 10que si estoy seguro es que Diono no est6 enllmorlld!lde 61"( Oi6l16.£7/MY, 26 July 66) devolver" «(}uai9/Up8, 10 Jan 94; Ie in context has to refer to AlfreOO) Garmelll: Este hombre hll tenioo ellltrevllmiento de venirte II bu~r. (t"llyie/t'J7l1, 15 Jlln 93) Cloudio;Me voy II ir muy lej05, lldondenCKlieme encuentre mils ( CiYmln, 20 June 66; NB tbtd! Andres: Yame teng>que ir. (/'Iarislena, 15 Jan 93) matches IKiJndJ iESnotes that 1iJtJd!/8dJnd:?, bajo/abaja, d!nlro/8dJn/ro, and fuera/s1uers are "Primero nos tenemos que CllSllr"( ItlYielt'.fllJ, 9 feb 93) often intcrchll':'F Ie, though ~e fixed cxprlmion:i require one in particular: tMjo/o¥iJtN1jo pt!I7l1 "Nome pienso mover de ~ui" (/'Iaris/ena, 3 feb 93) d! mller/e, es/a fllera/*afllero dJ sl; JMF offers further examples where they are not "Cullnooyo tengo tiempo pllra hablar contig>, te manoon'lallamar" ( OlHxi1/up6, 23 Apr 93) interchangeob Ie: "Yome se controlar" ( Ot.Ja:fa/Up8, 9 Apr 93) £1 gato se ascondio bajo/*abajo el armaria. ... debajo/abajo del armaria "Conel tiempo IllScosas se van olvioonoo" ( l7tMb/Up6, 17 June 93) [sos Iibros los he puestro dentro/f«entro del cajOn. Mi hermana esta esperanoote abajo/*bajo. "Medeje enganar" (OilllMS,,/&"7Y, 18 Oct 88; climbs over understood unspecified subject) los veeinos de llbIljo/*bojo "Nose deje ver" 'Don't let yourself be seen' LPuedes ver ~ueJlos hombres que estlin abajo/*bajo al foom del valle?)

Roberto: Nunca te verya dejar de querer. (A/reve/o, 31 Mar 87; iterated climbing) "Noes con sangre como se defienden 105triunfos" ( £1 Nuevo Oia, 19 June 89; como in "Tevas a poder casar" (Es/reIlJltJ, Mar 88) pseuoo-cleft) "Note quiero volver aver, nunca" (La In/ruS8, 7 Oct 87) comparative "Teva fIvenir a buscar" ( YIJ/entina, 14 Dec 93) "Milsque vivir, vegetobo hestollhoro" (Cltrmln, 30 Apr 86) .....el diccionario bilingiie mas completo y de lD.§YQClICtualidOO... "(cover blurb, Simon & Schuster "Yano quiero seguir.!Qengananoo" ( OiO/16 S,,/a..'IY, 3 Nov88; to intermediate Vof stack) Spanish/English dicionary; corr. to [ 'most complete and up-to-date') "Marielena no puede volverse a enamorar" ( /'Iarielena, 23 Dee 92) "... el hijo que es tan suyo como mio" ( tJutldJlup6, 22 Sept 93; 'the child that is as much his as "( Lllinformacion) no podril usarse en su contra" (WCIU) mine') "Yono quiero volverle aver nunca mas" (/'Iarielena, 18 feb 93) Antonio; Diana te sigue querienoo, igual 0 mucho mas que antes. ( tJutldJlupe, 4 J8Il 94) "Noquiero seguirte oyenoo" ({ILRXi7lup6, 13 July 93) "[so tiene que aeabarse" (A/rave/e, 1 Jan 87; all of the examples in this group allow the clitic at "Dwight l3

"LEs que no hllblllSfrllOl:es, sienoo frllnces tu PllpiJ?" (III filodJ I" miler/I!!, J I Nov91) "Lejuro que no he visto a un hombre tan templaOOde n~le como ala usted" (Vargas lIosa, t'Ouitin ..[Tenemos que aceptar 10], venga de quien venga" 'We have to accept it, no matter who It comes mtl/otlP,,/ominol'1olero?, 79; 'gopped' thtln-clouse) from' ( LolntruS8, July 87)

..[Hoyque comportarse en mllnerll naturllJ] , hOYlla no hoya pOlicia" ( rtll como somas, 5 Moy 88) Mauricio to Sonio: Tu me quieres tonto como yo. ( Dos Yitbs, J July 68; = llSmuch lISI love you) Auxiliary verb "Habia habiOOtruenus y caioo mucha ogullla vispera .... (Vargas LIOSll,£11J"bltJdJr, 137; IJtJlJer . "Sobre usted se eehll mils 1000que nCKlie"(Vorgos 1I0Sll, L"guerradJl fin dJl munt:J:J,165) with conjoined complement) *fstery siguienoo esperanoo. (cf. 'I'm. still hoping) ·'Y respecto II mis villjes estery de ll:ueroo. ~ salgo con mils frecuencill" (AI filodl l"mtlCr/e, Clause union 19 Feb 92; the departures take place at perhaps 2- or 3-week Intervals) "Lacobra, la tarantula, la sUlfuarana serian amigas del hombre, como hubiera sioo si rete no se comparative conditional hubiera heeho expulsar del Paraiso" (Vargas lIosa, Loguerrorel fin reI muntiJ, 221) "Cuantomas trato, menos me lICueroo"(£s/rel/i/a, Apr 88) Cleft '...10perseguiriln dio y noche trotonoo de Sll:OrIe decloraciones. YmientrllS missSUCillSy "Laque esteryes zelO5O"( Bua:iJlupo, 30 Apr 93) ~ndalosas, mas las exp lotarlin" (Vargas lIosa, lOu/en m% a Palomino /'Io/era?, 164) "Laque te venia a decir es que tienes que casarte con Diana" «(}utIdJlupe, II Moy 93) 'MientrllS mils 10freeuentobo -aunque nuestro relll:ion slguiero sujeto 0 brevislmllS charlllS en "Yo10que tengoganas es que..... ( Buelupe, 2 June 93) :orno a una mesa de cafe- el heehizo que ejercian sobre mi su personalidad, su fisico, su retOrica, "Laque ella quedllen esta caSlles poco tiempo" ( (}(JtIdJ/upe,28 Moy 93; 'It won't be long thllt she'll slay In this house'; * for ES) n' .. enmoyor"la lengua(Vllrgaserotica1l0Sll,por L"excelenciaTI"Juli"r (un232)frances tanto mils excitante cuanto mas "Tll 10que tienes es rabia de 113 pobre Ou!ldlllupe"( ButxkJ/upe, 24 Moy 93) incomprensibleL. .. (Vargas 1I0Sll, Ltl TlaJulit!, 210) Violeta: Enamorada es 10que estery.( BiJa:iJlupe, 21 Oct 93) 'la verdOOes que mientras mas 8Il0jaOOestay con este palsy mils lejos viajo, mas mexicano me "Laque tienes que estar es muy ogradecioo" ( (}(JtxkJlupe,Dee 93) siento" ( Iborgueng>ltia, Ins/rt/CCiOll85 plYa vivir en l'1t!xico, 59) Ortiz to Contreras: Quien se la merece real mente soy yo. ( /'lor/a y Javier, 21 Feb 84) comparative congeners 'Prefiero aceptor su oyuooque IIItuyo" ( 1983) "Conla unica con que contamos es con la ayuda de Dios" ( Alrevele. 18 Nov86; 'The only help we 'Preferiaactuar en la calle que vegetar tras un escritorio" (Vargas lIosa, La ria Julia, 210) can count on ..'; 'Con 10unlco...', is also possible, meaning 'The only thing we can count on...' -ES) 'Prefiere ser rmeri 0 jugrKklrporque el que arbltro un portioo es el que manda" (VargtlS llosa. La "Con la tinica con que pueoo contar es contig>" (Loln/ruS8, 10 Aug 87) ria Julia, 341)

9 ,January I I, 1gc 10 ,January 1I, 19( Quiero verme muy bonita y Rosa 10quiere tambien. (can be either 'R wants me to look pretty too' "Pllnchito, YIIun viejo, sigue siendo el cerebro de ICloficinll, porque el nuevo jefe resulto igulIIde or 'R wants to look pretty too' , i.e. both 'strict identity' and 'sloppy Identity' are possible in the incompetente que el anler inr" ( Ibarguengoit ia, InstrucciOlles para vivir en /1exico, I 76) reduced form) ",lniJroAh'ltip ruen\ClqUf-1,1(:rol'lmnClque vif-n!'.subirndn rjee,cIe Sergipe y OeremoClbo,eslCl mitad de " " numerosa que esta, no mas de dos mil hombres" (Vargas L1osa, Lo!}uerroti!1 fin IiJI mundJ, 374) "Yono Ie p~, pOI'sinverguenza y pol' peamr" ( Eslef8IJia, April 85) ..[Koo16id)cuestll16 mitoo illill1BSsOOlls"(commercilll, 7 MIIY87) "Ile~truyc 1l:S1mi:smllpor c:rtupido" (Lt!lntr~ 28 MIIY87) complemenls Renata: La bote pOl' inmoral. ( La Intrusa, 21 July 87) Sandra to Roberto: 1ienes que acostumbr6rte (6) que yo soy tu mOOre.(Atrevete, 22 Jan 87; cf. "Estoy l11uipor criminlli. no pOl'tonta" ( £1 PlJCtKiJdfOyuki, 25 Dee 87) . "'Youhave 10accustom yourself ( to) Ihat I am your mother Is the usual deletion of P excluded here "Esas manifeslaciones de fe... 10confunden y apenan, a pesar de que el PlIJre lIZZ81"OO,en ta:Ias las for roosons thClIGB people would subsume under 'C6se theory', e.g. that Ihe complement isn't miSllSde Cllmpanll,Iruena contra 105impios, ~usenoolos de perj ur05, heret icos y profarnmres de adjacenl to Ihe VIhat the P !JleSwith? Is deletion of P excluded in all cases where a P in [V NP P') la fe" (Vargas lIosa, La!}verraliJl finliJl munciJ, 462) hBSa sentential object?) "Los vlln a meter presos pOl'escandlllosos y pornogrilficos" (Vargas LIOSG,Lt! TIt! Juli6, J97) "Cuidadocon darle 8 entender que esloy aqui" (Rodrigo to Maura, 111onlKfie, 22 March) "Conresignacion habia aceptlrll que de las distrllCCionesfamlliares quedaran excluiOOs, par "Cuanoocadele, podia secar cualquier tonada con oir la una vez" (Vargas L1osa, dltJitJn mt!td t! inmorales para el espiritu, el cine, el baile, aJ teetro, II' rOOio,y, par onerosos pare eJ Palomino tlolera?, 145) presupueslo I los restaurantes, los viajes y cualquier fantasia en el atuenOOcorporal yen Ie "Creo que si \0 conacen" (PorlKfiso, 7 Jan 91 ) decor~ion inmueble" (Vargas l1OSG,Lt! Tlt!Juli6, J75-6) 'levanla 18lampari lIa, !IDOO!l.lallama soplandoy sale del despacho, ..." (Vargas L1osa, La !}verra "l.Me estils acusenoo de l~on?" (fJtJ8dJlupe, 7 ApI' 93) dJl fin dJl munciJ, 140; = 'blows out') "La tiene usted pOl'descarlrlJ Yella por slnvergOenza: ( t1tHIdIlupt!, 21 June 93; refers to Mmr III Melisa: Ahora estoy completamente convencida de quien mato a mi tia Claudia. ( /1arielena, 24 Dee culpa ) 92) .....el Testigo de Jehovil recibiola misi6n de gobernar ese match que tlXbs profetlZllbllOmemorable" I (Vargas l1osa, La TlaJulia, 351) l0• "EnPueb 18lambien esla la casa del Alfenique. que es un museo que vale la pena ser visitlrll ..." t (Ibarguengoitia, InstrllCCliJnes ptJro viviren tlexico, 211) "(.fue pOl'rebelde, en insubordin~i6n contra aste destino de gloriI' crematistiCll y brillo social que ,I "Tenoto distinta" (/1orielena, 14 Jan 93) el nino resulto arbitro de futbol, 0 mils bien por insuficiencla de pSicologia?" (Vargas l1osa, La Tla r Juli6, 338) [ "Cu8noose encierran [alii] nunca se sabe ala hora que saldran" (/1arielena, 11 Jan 93) ..... desde muy nina ..... (Atrtivete, June 66) "Tu sigues caslrl:llegitimamente con Estrella" ( La IntruSH, 16 Dee 87) Leonor: Armando y Marcos han slOOamlgos desde ninos. (Atrivets, 16 Dee 86)

"Yosigo sienoo tu esposa" ( Lo IntruSl!, 25 Jan 88) "Yoestoy acostumbradll a trabajar desde pequena" (Amtr df ~~ 10 Apr 91 ) t- ~ .. ' "Tengoal nino enfermo" (Lo IntruSl!, 5 Jan 88) "Laconte II' historia desde el principio, las compllCllCionesque tenlamos para vernos y entendl6 r . por que en las ultimas semanas Ie habia pedioo 00s 0 tres Vll:8S olela orestlDl" (Vargas L10S8,La "YolClveo cada vez peor" 'She keeps looking worse 10me' Tit!Juli6, 153-4; N + Vptcpl combination as reduced complement) f'>'

" dudOsi regresar" (Vargas L1osa, i()vien mt!tdtJ Polomino tlolero.?, 187, 'he wondered whether Aurora: Yote adverti II'clese de hombre que es RlXkllfo.( tJu«iJlupt!, 20 Mll'y93) t 10go back'; si + inf) Coordination "Duoosobre si continual' 0 cambial' de tema..... (Vargas lIosa, Lll 11t!Juli6, 289) Doctor: Hay que prapararte tanto fislCllcomo psicol6glcamenle. (Lt! IntrflSll, 17 Feb 88) f "Le habian habllrll de manera Ian solemne que hBStadudOsi contarnos" (Vargas L1osa, La TlaJulia, "Ycon esto no me refiero unica ni princlpalmente alas impropiedades varbales, ...• (Borges, 278) oiscllSitfn, 4 1) "Nodudes en llamarme" ( /1arielena, 21 Jan 93; 'Don'1hesitale to call me') "Veentrar y selir a oficiales selplcaoos de barro, aye discutlr el Coronel TamarilXb con el Mayor Complementizer choice Cunha Matos, dill' ordenes a Moreira cesar" (Vargas LIOSG,Lt! flUJI'rt! dfl fin IiJI munciJ, 278) "Te prohibo que hables asi" (La IntruSH, Aug, 87) "LaSuparlora del Coro Sagr8iJ vio, tmm6s de mujeres y nintls lK:urrucaoos, muchos hombres en "Te prohibo que entres en mi caso" (Oi8n8SlJllJMr, 15 Nov 88) armas, y a JIim Orande, corrienoo con una carablnay sartas de balas en 105hombros" (Vargas "LComovas a entrar en su case sin que Ie 'lea?" (La IntruSH, 8 Jan 88) LJosa, LaguerraliJl finliJ/ mufJciJ, 290) .no complementizer "iTiene rabia porque ese cortlrlJr de pescuezos 10lIam6Casabanditilsy traltbres ell' RepubllClle "EI presidenle eleelo, Menem, no cree pueda resolver los conflictos militares heredaOOsde su los voluntarios bahianos, porque abus6 de $OSpollclas?" (Vergas LJ0S8,LlIguerrad!/ finliJl predecesor Alfonsin" ( [I Nuevo Oi8, 21 June 89) mufJdJ, 528) i "ApoyaIe cabeze en sus br8Z0S,Irala de que entre eleire a $US pulmones, escucha $0 corllZ6n" f "Sanla Barbara, virgen, milrtir, cristiana, se supone 13vivio en el 5iglo Tercero D.C."(San (Vargas LJOSIl,It! f1tJIN"rt!dfliin df/ mundJ, 326) i· Jeronimo Museum, San Juan PR; finite complement withoul que, with extraction) "Junto con los comunistas, que se esperaba 13perdieran ocho de sus 48 BSienlos, ..... ( £1 Nuevo Oi6, ~ 19 June 89) i. m6vil,..iQue sonsinoJasunmuchaslargo sorteode II' Illadllexperimentalde Chapmende omlslonesa Magnienysinode enfests?"dlversas (Borgas.perspectlv!ISOisr:tlSi61,de un hecho89; 0 f "... la privlltizacion de Telmex, que se esperI' 13produzca una repilla mejorla del servicio telefonico could be used instead of but not In addition to the second sino) basico" (Americas 44.324) "Tengoque decirle alga que creo 13es importanle" ( AI Fllo dJ 18/1uerte, 21 oct 91 ) ..... sin pader leer nl pader escrlbir" (00 for Iiterll:Y program, channel 44,30 Dee 85) "Cala animates, algo que nunea supe 13hicieflln 1as mujeres" (Vargas l1osa, EI H8bllkiJr, 109) "Yno 16he obliglrll ni nOO8"(= ....or anything') reduced .....sin peligros ni violencias" (Amerlc&S, 38.4.27) "Quiero verme muy bonita" ( Yocomproesa mujer, 5 Oct 90) "Ere un cine sin techo ni sillas, al natural" (Varges lIosa, iQlliinmlltoaPlllominol1o/ero?, 123) "[Esla IraduceionJ him mas ... que ninguna otra, anles ni despues" (Americas, 38.4.36) Baron de C: LLilgico y racional que la multitud sa vuelque II IllS calles II deslruir per iOdicos , a "No son bombones cremosos, rellenos de Iicor ill esencios y no lienen 10mpoco Sllboresortificloles lISllltor ClISOS,a oseslnllr a genies incopllCll5 de 5lloolor en el mepa Oinde ostil ConuOO:i, porqUll unos ill preservativos quimicos" (Americas39.3, 56) fanaticos derrotan a una expedicion a miles de Icilometros de distancla? LL6gico y raclonal eso? "No, no tenlo los ojos brlllantes ni humedos" (Vargas lIoso, iOuitin m~to~P~/ominottolero?, 129 (Vorga:s L1D:ll1,L~ f}IJlYriui:1 fin d:1mumi:J, 361) ' "... sin saber que deck nj hC¥:er" (Vargas L1osa, c:Ouien matdaPalominottolero?, 170; CR with ni Carmela: Wejar yo mi departamento? ( Narielens, 22 Jan 93) . os the conjunction) "Yo habia visto en esos dios una pelicula mexicana (salo anos despues sabria que era de Bunuel y Armando: iPapa, que falta me hacesl (Atrevets, 16 lkt 86) quien erll Bunuel" (Vargas L10Sl1, Lo rioJulio, 187; declarative conjoined with interrogotive) "Jugabamos al profesor y a la alumna y yo Ie explicaba 10que era huachafo ... " (Vargas L1osa, La ria "iPobrecjta mj hijal" Jul,;" 276; separale lJ before each conjunct) "iPobreeito, y pobre tu pllpil!" (Atrevet~ 7 Aug 86; ct. *poor your fether) " no podlan estar contra ni a favor de ella" (Vargas 1I0Sl1, La ria Julio, 419; RNR) . ~ " una polemica (pequenisimo) sobre si los jOvenes de e5ll edlld tienen 0 no criterio suficiente Armando: No te pido, te exijo. Federico: LQue? LExigirme, tu e mi? ( Atrevete, 11 OCt 86) para ejercer 10" ( IbargiienlJlitia, Instrl/CCiones para vivir en ttexico, 117) "La clove del prll.lrama es una nuevo close unico de prll.lromo de computllCkJro lIomlldlJ Tronsporent Desiree: iPrimero muertll! (Atrevete, 30 MlIr 87; 'I would die first') Language, que funciona lanto en compulErllres personales compatibles con IBM como con MlICintosh" (Americt1S 4553) "... 10 flere de tu mujer" ( L~ Intrl/Stl, 27 May 87; cf. your wild 8Ilimel of 1Iwife, *the wild 8Ilimlll category identity of conjuncts of your wife) "Paro mas informacion y obtener grlltis su guill medico, Ilome ohara" (WCIU commercial ;NP .•.V') "iEse desgracillCkJ de Alfredo'" (L~/ntrl/Stl, 2 July 87) "... Ie deeia que de Joven sonaba con la ciencia y pasar su vida en laboratorios y anfileatros" (Vargas Alfredo: La loca de mi mujer. ( Lt! IntrlJS8, 13 July 87) 1I0Sll, LlJgucrrtJ(iJl fin eel mumi:J, 208; NP .•.V') "EI poco hombre de Federico TorresI6nda ... " ( Yocomprot:S6 mujer, 12 oct 90) "El final de la novela ocurre en el momenta en que los buenos, despues de muchas perjpecios y de "Mira, 10 mils importanle de IlrlJ es que ellaya sa dio cuenta del engaiio de Esteban, de 10 miserable r hober lIniquilllOO host IIel ultimo de 105 villan05, Ill.lrlln apoderorse de mllnerll indiscutible e de su mentiro" (tt,yie/CIllI, "' Feb 93) indisputab Ie, del documento en cuestion" ( Ibargiiengoil ia, InstrlJCCiones para vivir en ttexico, 184) "... e5ll cUlllquierll que Villi tener un bostllrdo de dios sepe quien" (tt,yieICllll, 21 Dee 92)

"Se quedllron con II' plata y Iibres" (VlIrgas lI05a, iOuien mlJtOt!Pt!lominottolero?, 179; P' "jEs que cOmo protll perdonar eso!" ( Oos Yitils, 16 June 88; note epporent interrD;Jlltive os conioined with A') comp lement of es que, ES provides lrlJitional examp les: 'bId \IIdl t:dUD Y CUll drC

Alejandro: Tengo miedo. Alvarez: LMiedo tu? ( Yocomproesa mujer, 21 Nov 90) "Da pronto, vlendo 15 esos hereticos y fariseos de cares esustadas, descomPUestllS, que caen de 8 uno, Rrorigo to Francisco: LY tu me lIamaste delincuente? LA mt, delincuente? ( Carmin, I July 86) de a dos, de I)diaz, par blllos que ignoron de d6nde.0 vienen, siente composioo" (Vorgas LJoso. LI1 Jose Antonio: He venido para hacerle un favor. X: ilu a mi un favor? (LuiS8l18, 1983; NB 3-part guerrt!till fin till mund), 442) residu~) "Dios Ie hlIble heeho conocer gentes extrl)i'ios, que ni sospeehllbe que .0 existier8ll ... " (Vor\JllS LJOSlI, "L Yo en la carrel?" (Atrevete, 25 Mar 87; NB nominative, unlike English) Laguerrt!till fin dll muntiJ, 380) "LCasarsemi hijacon usted?" ( Yocomproesomujer, 14Nov 90) "Le puso en 185 monos uno escudilla con comido y uno \I)to con un Ilquldo que,oJ beber, descubrl6 Journalist: La que ocurrio en Rio de Janeiro, en sac Paulo, es l6gico y racional. we .0 eraleche" (Vargas L10Sl1, LagtJerrt!till fin till mund), 453)

1 :) January II, 19( 14 .Ji'm',~rv 11 'Qc "Despues de un forjeceo que no supo cuanto 1.3 duro yen e1que, mientres empujaba y presionaba, profesionistas que estaban producienoo las universi1Bles. 10mejor era cerrarlas por un tiempo" su energla y su deseoerecian sin cesllr, IlXJroal fin subirse sobre 5ebllStianll" (VllrgllSLIOSll,L6 (lbllrgUenlJlltill. /nstruccionesptJr6 vivir6l1/fdxico, 2-17) guerra ti!llin ciJl mUIJI:1J,504 - 5) "En cuanto ala de adentro. debo recir que nota. con no poca sorpresa, que se siguen los mlsmos "PllSllrse los noches ~pescuezllnoo prisioneros no se puede recir que 0 sell ofieio de soldoOO,sino procedim ientos que se segulan en 10 iepoca..." ( IbllrgUengoitill, /nstrllCCiones ptJr6 vivir en tftixico, mas bien de carnicero" (Vargas L1osa, Laguerrati!1 finciJl munctJ, 528) 245) .... por una mujer de IIIque en IIIrelllidOOno SIlbesnllda 0" (AI fIIo~ 16muerte, 19 Dee 91) "Yocrco que hace mucho que nadle dice. ni en :lerio ni en nlnglin Idloma, aquella fra antigua de..." "Nopuedes imaginar 10mal que me trata" ( AI FIla ciJ lal1uerte, 2 Jan 92; the 'reJativized' (lbargUengoitia. Instrucciones para vivir en l1exico, 224) constituent is an AftI, not an A) "Ledije casas que se que 0 Ie hirieron mucho" ( l1arielena, 8 Dec 92) "... sus ondes eran las que primero difundian en limalos ultimos exitos de Nueva York y de Europa. "...un pais que la mayor illde los estllOOunidensesignora que 0 existll" (AmeriC6S 43.4.57) pero tampoco desdenaban la musicala1inoamericanll siempre que tuvlera un minlmo de t1arcial: Es que me vay a ver con una mujer tan bella que toctaviano se si 0 es un angel. (AI fIIoti! sofisticaciOn" (Vargas L1osa, La Tia Julia, 12; t&'71,lXWwith positive antecedent) 16muerte, 26 feb 92) "... una mujer que casi pudim05 recir que 0 era inveneible" (l1arielene, 11 Dee 92) "ytampOCfJcUllnooimpliedcalle. tllmpocoby callar)dijo ni una pllillbra" (Vargas LIOSlI,L6 TlI1Juli6, 217; lII1tecedentof Melisa: ." Andy, que no se sabe de OOnde0 viene. ( 116rielen6, 24 Dee 92) " .. menciono varies empresas semiculturales de mucho exito, que tOOlel munoo cree que 0 "Noconozcoa casi nedie" ( AI filo tB la muerte, I 1 Nov 91 ; Also OK:Noconozcocasi a M:lle. Casi nocieron en otros cerebros ...: (Ibllrguengoitill, /nstruccionesp6rl! viviren I1tixico, 213) no conozcoIInadie) "Yono quiero ilusionar a Melisa con algo que es procticamente imp05ible que 0 ocurra" "Nome preguntO absolutamente nOOasobre Miguel Andrade" ( Tal tmlosomt1S, 26 Apr 88) ( l1l!rielen8, 4 feb 93) cf. Heasked me lIbsolutely nothing. Hedidn't ask me ( *lIbsolutely) lII1Ything.(Evidence th&t tMtb "La nieta que DonaDelfina quiere que 0 vaya a verla es BU00a1upe"(tJulKi8lupe, 9 Apr 93) is the real negative word and no Its 8CCOmpaniment,rather than vice versa.) "En toOOslos que ahora eston hocienoo maletos, abrienoo cajones, bUSCllnooen los Ilrchlvos los sin Ilb50lutlllTlentenlldll document05 que mas conviene que 0 desaparezcan •..... (Ibarguengoitia. Instrucciones para vivir en "Norecueroo absolutamente nOOa"( La CorOlJ8 Mv'~ ~ Ntixico, 127-8) "Nopodemos ver completllmente nadll" ( YoQJI11proest! mujt!r. I I Oct 90) I "Adores que parece que 0 se comieron parte del dialogo y se adelantaron diez renglones" Francisco: Nohables de eso con nedie. iAbsolutamente con nadiel (AI filoti! lamuerte, 27 Feb 92) , (Ibarguengoitia, /nstruccionespl!rl! viviren I1tixico, 159) Negative polarity Luisa: Ahora BUOOalupees una pobre loca que 10unico que 0 inspira es lastima. ( ()ulKi8lupe, 22 Dec "Aquiestaremos tranquilO5. sin que nadie nos moleste" ( 1983) 93) "Nopuede ser que nlldlles mas importlll1te que tu flllTlilia"( anli/o, 25 Sept 8-1) ..... sin que nedie se entere" Psychiatrist to receptionist: EI 5enor Maloonaooque pase por favor. ( tJu6dJlupe, 22 Sept 93) AlfreOO:i.( Usted sa vila ir) sin ni siquierll recirme su nombre? (L6IntrUSt!, 18 Nov 87) Imperative "... sin obligaci6n decomprar nOOa"(commercial, 23 Nov 87) "Nunca vuelvllS alla" (Mexican movie ca. 1970) "Tequiero mIlSque en mi vida" (AmortBNlfdie, 28 Mar 91) Harry: Nose mueva nedie. ( ()ulKi8lupe,4 Jan 94) "Esos temas terrenales Ie importaban un camino" (Vargas LJosa. La TiaJulie, 57) Melisa: Mami, enth~ndemetu a 101.(l1l!rielenl!, 19 Jan 93) Rllul: [E50] me Importll un camino. (Amor m Nlfdie, 30 Jul 91) Impersonal "i.Quesabe Sofia de nOOa?"(AmortBNedie, 27 Aug 91; licensed by queclarative) "5enora, la bUSCllD..Es el teniente Harry" ( ()u6dJlupe, 30 June 93) "EI calor no hll cedioo con IllSsombrasy ,II dlferencill de otras noches de verano, no carre mde Interrogative brisa" (Vargas L1osa. Laguerrati!llintBlmundJ, 129) "iSabes de que tengo ganllS?" ( Dos Yit:bs, 4 July 88) "EI Excmo.Sr. Presidente de IIIAsamblea, ClIblllleroAdlllberto de 6umuclo, dijo que 105Excm05. "Una semana ~pues 105cas6 el psrroco de Xique- Xique. LCusnto hacia de eso? LCuatro 0 cinco Sres. DlputOOlsde la oposiciOn no conseguirian 10propasito de emedrenter a n!!diecon chantejes ..." anos?" (Vargas L1osa, LtJguerrl! ~/lin ti!l munctJ, 181) (VargllSL1OSll,L6guerr6ti!llinml mundJ, 135) Negation Raul: Vooque con ustedes inutll decir mg. (AmortBN8iie, 24 Sept 91) "Sa1i6de aqui no hace mueho tiempo" (Atrtivete, 2 Jan 87) Madre Dolores to Herminia: Le prohibo hacer mcomo empllB!ll de esta cilrcel. (Atrmte, 25 Feb "Imaginan que un libro puede no pertenecer a las letras" (Borges, Discusitin. 28) 87) "Anotemos. de paso, que Morris puede no comunicar al1eetor su imllgendel centauro ni slquierll "Noestoy en posiciOn de exlglr nlldIl"(Ll1lntrUSt!, 20 Oct 87) invitarn05 a tener una•..... (Borges, Discusion, 73) "Tiene espiritu, y nl tu ni nedie va a rom per 10"(AI Filoti! latfuerte, 12 Mar 92) "lilrousSllC,persona inconfundible, Renan quejoso de su glorill a trasmano, no puede no quedar" ! (Borges, Discusion, 82) -Yo!m!lm!£Qme arrepiento de ng" (Carmfn, 16 May 86) "Queacendado ni politico pondrialos pies entre tanta miseria" (VllrgllSL10Sll,L6guerr6ti!1 finti!1 "Ahorlltampoco eso tiene la menor implrtlll1Cill" (Vargas 1I0Sl1,dQuitfn m6to 6PI1/omil10 1101t!ro?, mundJ, 246; queclarative) 158) f, "De nlldaie va a servir" ( AI fHo ~ 16l1uerte, 11 Mar 92; ESnotes this can alse be expr~ as • ..iDe mucho te va a servir''', cf. "Alot of q:xx1that'll 00you''') "Haste hay me dl cuenta" ( I1tJria tfert:t:dJs, 13 Nov92; = "'llli!o1 notice until today") "Yome sentiaalle. muy mal en la agencia, sin casi nfrja que harer" ( l1arielenl!, 7 Jan 93; = with "Regresara hasta pllSlrll mlli'iana"(AI Filo ti! 16tfuert6, 7 Mar 92 = Hewon't come bllCkuntil the i almost nothing) day after tomorrow) ~i "Era un aoolescente hurano, l0c6nico, al que nedie puoo ufanarse de haber hecho ni visto reir •..... Antonio: l.Yhastllllhorll te los devolvla? ( Outxblu/M, 14 Dee 93; = not until now) (Vargas L1osa, La T/aJulie, 172) Lucrecia: l.Yapuatl leerla? Alfonso: Texlavia.(Vargas L1osa, Elogioalam8d'estr6, 111; ace. to "Nopuedo permitir que nacliehaga dano a Gulldalupe"( ()utxi!Jlupe, 13 Apr 93; ambig: 2 negs or 1) B. Mannheim. tabvfl! for 'not yet' is common in Peruvian SPlll1lsh) "SI, regresa. pero no para una partida de nada" ( 6'uactJlupe,liar 93) "Nunce nada es completo" ( (JulKi8lupe, 26 May 93) "ATitan Ie Importll un pita 10tuyo" ( Outxblu/M, 28 Oct 93) "Alii llegaron la conclusion de que como no habia empleos ni suflcientes ni muOOls para los "La mas granli! historia lamas contada" (TV ad, Mar 92) "En lilllta &rticulo quiaro tratar dII un IlCto llIlmajlll'lta,lIqUivalllllta y Ilimitrico dIIl.lar-gada. I. ingle:5CI0 ~pedida a 10fron~, que ~ muy n~tro ...: (Iborg~itio, Instrua:ilY1f1S plrtl vivir "No te pongas asi". "No me ponl}l nada". ([sm/n, 10 Apr 86) en /'1exico, 19) NcglItive raising ..Otro close de h05pitolidlld muy n~ro ~ 10de contino" (lbargtiengoitio, InstrllCCiOfltJ5plr" vivir Yo tampoco creo que Jordana es/sea la asesina. ( sea more normalacc. to ES, whose examples these INI!tJiK ia1, 77) . I\dY V:l. A are) = Yo tambian creo que J no es la ll5eSina. Raised no, like rmy other no, requires tMlPa:o in piau of tamlJien and deletes unless it precedes the tampa:o ( Yono erSJ tampxoqueJsea.J "Ese error puede costarte caro/*caramente" Esa locura puede costarte muy car§.. "Por no del munoo quiero que tengas ningun trato con ai, Lentiendes?" (Amor ctJNa1ie, 8 May "Vas a p"Jllr muy caro" (Atrtivete, 2 Oct 86) 91) "Ese tipo juega sucio" Morielena: Trebajo muy duro. ( !t,yielen(l, 22 Dec) carmela: No has debioo preguntar. ( /'1arielena, 21 Dee 92; raises not only oyer tidJer but also "Ella este metida completico en este asunto" (Atrevete, 29 Jan 81) over lllJIJer) . "iSubClrapidito'" (Atrtivete, 9 Jon 981) iSubo rilpiltJ! "francisco no 10sabe ni debe saberlo" (AI hloctJ la/'1uerte, 21 Jan 92; ni even when N~as A' semantically the negation is in a lower S; evidence for ni = y #' no?) "LSe fue sin docir nado? Muy el estilo de ello" (AI ftlo dJ /tl muerte, 31 Jan 92) Nicki: Nt papa esta muy debil. Ni siquiera debe estar manejanoo. (/'1arielena, 12 feb 93) "Es muy duena de si" ( Oi81J8 Sa/8Z8I', 19 July 88) "Yo no creo que debo continuor presionilnoolo" (t1,yielen(l, 18 Jon 93; no is still interpreted as "Yo me sentio dueno del munoo" (t1,yieICl78, 1 feb 93) below d3IJo; eRE- (DEB- (NO S» i argues that erSJ triggers NR) "Yo me siento muy amigo tuya" (La/ntrlJS8, 19 Aug 81) Nominalization "Los hombres son muy sinvergijenzos" ( 8urD!Jluptl, 25 MllY 93) ..... la iglesia oondeestan tlrl:Js los inYitados ala boda" ( (JutKiJlupe, 21 May 93) ..... una mujer tan pocs verguenza ..... ( tJu8d1lupe, 1 June 93) A' "Los conyencidos de la inocencio del propagondisto medico..... (Vargas lIoso, L" TllJJuli(l, 265) P' lIS "Yo Sat una mayor de edad" ( &u8t:Blupe, 20 May 93; Encontrea un mayor de edad.) "Tu te sientes con sueno" 'You feel tired' ~... "Nuestro hijo se ho casoOOcon un muerto de hombre" ( (Ju6ti1lupe, 1 June 93) Diona: La encontre muy extrone, como con mieoo. (Oi6f1/lS616l'l1r, 8 Sept 88) "Este sistema autosuficiente y naturalmente fortificaOO ayuoo de esta manera ala ciudad-estaoo a X; Tenl}l dereehos. Y; Tu te sientes gm dereehos. .. , mantener su cUllSi independencia" (AmtfriCllS 44.6.9) X: LY tu hermono? Marta; Con problemas, como siempre. ( Tdo/wie, 24 feb) Alicia; Lo que no entienoo es esta insistencia de Titan en casarse. «(Jua18lupe, 19 July 93) Mariela; LComo estes? Patricia; Con mucho trabajo pero feliz. (AI ftlo ci! la muerte, 4 feb 92) " la culpable de que ella estil en este est600" ( (Ju6ti1lupt!, 16 Sept 93) "No me siento con ilnimos para boilar" ( YOCOlTlprolJ:il1mujer, 26 Ocl 90) "Vaya un banquete y en el me encuentro yarios de los inyitados ala gira" (Ibargiienl}litia, "Veniallorosa y con moretones en la cara, brazos y piernas, entre sos padres ..... (V8I"gBS lI0S8, La InstrllCCiOlles p"rtJ vivir en !texico, 147) TI'tIJulia, 128) "Por esta razon, el partioo de los objetantes por principio debe buscar durante los praximos seis "Me quedli con lasganasdevengarme" (A/FiloctJla/'1uerte, 5 Nov 91) anos una manera de expresion electoral... .. (Ibargtienl}litio, Instrua:iOlles par" vivir en !texico, "Era l}lroo, diobet ico, miope y con tres popooas" ( IborgiieOl}lit 10, InstrllCCiones plYtI vivir en 116) t1exico, 115) ,- "COOovez ello fue 10encorgodo de organizor la mudllnzo y coda vez el movimiento fue de uno ClISll

grande a otra mas pequena" (Ibargtienl}litia, Instrua:iones para vlvir en /'1exico, 288) "iEs un verdadero sin educaclon'" ( YOCOlTlprofJSIJmujer, J 3 Sept 90) PlISsive Choro; ... Hnito enfermo, Morlelo prese, y yo sin trobojo ... (Atrtfvete, 20 Jon 87) "X y Y fueron negaOOsfianzas" ( InformaciOn 26 , mid 80s; = were denied bail; 10as passive "llevaba una vida ejemplar, solitario y sin hab1ar con nadie" (Ibargtiangoitia, InstrllCCiOOllSpartl subject) vivir en I1tixico, 82) "Un hombre Ian duro y Ian sin sentimiento como el" (tJu8dJ/uptJ, 24 Aug 93) .....el convento y la iglesia de Son felipe Neri, mandlm a construir en 1115 ..... "Esta obra de arte, mandada a hacer en 1679 ..... (Amtfricas'38.1.13; Passive extracting from lower V'?) "Estay hablanoo muy en serio" ( tJu8dJ/Up8,21 Apr 93) "Sus fortificaciones, empezlldas a construir en 1503 ..... (AmtfrICm39.3. 13) "Tendre que hebler con el senor Alfreoo, y muy en serio" ( 8urD!Jlupt!, 28 Apr 93) .....Ia barricada ... que se empez6 a erigir hace unas horas" (Vargas lIosa, Laguerra£iJ1 finctJ/ Dllvla: l.Como fuiste cap8Z de contarle a ese cura alcp tan nuestro, alcp tan de nosotros? muntiJ, 469) ( lJu6ti1/upe, 25 May 93)

Raising "Hace poco, y muy a mi pesar, tuve que intervenir en el C8SO de un veeino paracaidiste que estaba "·Tiene que hober un error" (Amor £iJMtYe, I 8 Apr 9 J ) matonooun perro a palos" (Ibargtienl}litio, InstrlJCCiOfltJ5plYtlvivirent1tixico, 62) "Aunque esta posibilidad ha dejaoo de mencionarse en los consejos de oficiales" (Vargas Llosa, La .....muy a pesar de..." (Atrtivete, 13 Oct 86) gt/CrrlJ dJl fin ctJl munti:J, 468) muy en seguida (Oos Yli:bs, 28 June 88; cf. en5tlflt/idittl, which isn't nearly 50 5OOl1) part of speech "Accedi muy en cantre de mi voluntad" ( &u8t:Blupe, 21 Dee 93) .....me :lenti mils protegida que rodeMo de mis padres 0 que en el Templo, los silblldos" (Vargas lIosa, ElagioalamtKlras'tra, 182) "Me siento como en Italia" (commercial, 25 Dee 86; cf. */ feel/ike inIt8/y) "el pijltflla azul marino" (Vargas Llosa, £It:gio (11(1mtJdrtJStr(l, 18; ES points out contrast between P' as object of P dJs pi;8mas' azu/§§ and dJs pijamas'ilZul marino, likewise dJsC8lTJiS8SiJITlarllf.gpalittl, versus "Mi esposo no liene secretos para conmil}l" (Atrtivete, 3 Nov 86) dJs CIlmiSIJS6IIl(lrtlltJS. AmtJrlllo p.ilitiJ is a clear case where a color word functions "Rose, que podrio ser morglnoOO de por vida del belsbol ..." ( £1NLAmJ 016, 21 June 89) simultaneously as N [modified by palidj and A [modifying C81TJisas].Azul marino, howeyer, is a "Garantia de par vida" (WCIU commercial, Apr 91 ; 'lifetime guarantee') compound, since when used as ClN only marino is inflected, e.g. one describes the marvelous "Este Roberto, esto Margarita, siempre ton frivolos, pensobo el OOctor Quinteros, sin acritud, shades of navy blue that a painter uses as sus ilZul marinas, not *sus ilZU/1Jsmarinos) lIeno de benevolencia para con las debilidades de su hermano y su cuiiada" (Vargas lIosa, La lia "i Y tu Ie dijiste toOO,incluso que uno de ustedes es su hermano?" ( (JvrxiJ/upe, 21 July 93) Juli6, 39) "La ronda de a caballo pasOhace rato y no vol vera hasta el amanecer" (Vargas lIosa, Laguerr8ctJI

17 ,January I 1, I 9c lA /m dJl muniJJ, 129) "Noa aquellos en los que las creencias son mas fuertes que el mielil a morir" (Vargas L1osa, L6 \ "E1per ioois\a miope ve, por en\re el Doc\or y el Cllpiton, que Moreirll cesar se dejll Cllerde glH:rTlI dJI fin tiJI muntiJ, 271) espaldas sabre la litera" (Vargas L1osa, La guerra dJl fin dJl mundJ, 306) "[JoOOOrande] se pregunta por que el PlIlre Ie conservalan fuerte en 18cabeza ciertos hechos de "Inclu:soduronte lo~primer~ m~ de 10vidll" (WCIU public service spot, Mllr 92) :5Upll:5lrlJpeclldor, como 10n~tlllgio del mllr, como eillmor 1110:5cablll10:5"(VorlJl':5L1D:5l1,LlI!JlIl!f"rll "... su octi\ud para con noso\ros" ( ButKiBlupe, 23 July 93) tiJ/ fin tiJ/ mundJ, 404) "Garantizlldllde por vidll" (Commercial, channel 44, M6'y'93) .....parecia creer que su supervivencia dependia de su capocidedde protegeI' a esa persona,8l'limal V ..... se plan\eabala incO:]nitade que seria Mexico si en vez de por los espafioles hubiera sido COSllque erlln su mundo" (Vllrgas L1D:5l1,LlIgwrrlldJl (inml mundJ, 223) conquis\ado por los ingleses, los franceses 0 los holandeses" (lbarguen\Jlitia, Instruccionespara vivir en tltixico, 31 ) "Ello no es nadomill". ( LlI /ntrll5l!, 25 Jlln 88. 'She isn't llny relation to me') "[stos pobres, que estaban tooavia a medio nocer, salieron, en vez de al agua fresca del mar, al "i-Es al\Jl suyo?" ( Yocomproes8 mujer, 12 Oct 90; " 'Is she any relation to you?") polio de una casa ocopulqueiiay murieron ipso {xta .... (lbarguen\Jlitia, Instrucciones ptJrll vivir "Estrellitll es hijll mill" (fstrelli/l!, 17 Mar 88; restricted to predicate NPs and vocatives?) enl1erico, 257) Apposition? V' as object of P "E1programll no incluy6 obras de Beethoven, Debussy 0 Tchllikowsky, sino el concierto parll " ..desde hace poco" (tlarielena, 22 Jan 93; likewise Ilastallacepxm orquesta, de Antonio Estevez, el concierto para piano y orquesta, de Roberto Caamai'io,"Episodlos de hilS/II as cross-category modifier Nuevlllnglllterrll", de Quincy Porter, y IIISinfonlll Numero 2, de Raquel Cordero, ciudlDlnos de "Hay has\a (10 bes6I" 'Todayshe even kissed him' Venezuela, Argentina, EstOOosUnilbsy Panama, respectivamente" (Americas 43.4.54; HBsplit sin as negation. subordination llntecedent) "Si\Jl sin entender" 'I still don't understand' Articles "(.Paulino un camarada y yo sin seberlo?" ( fspertJmeen el CieliIJ "Es un hombre muy flaco Caifils, huesuoo, brufiioo, con los pOmulosSllltm y unos ojos vinosos "Has es\ado sin abrir la boca tooa la noche" (Amor tiJ Nedie, 21 Mar 91 ) que causan malestar pues nunca parpOOean..." (Vargas llosa, LaguerratiJl fintiJl mundJ, 116) "Pero 16case sigue sin venderse" ( tltJrielenl!, 30 Dec 92) "Un ordenllnZll,llrrooilllldo, 10ayUdllllcalzarse unas bolas de montar, sin espuelas" (VarlJl':5L1D:5l1, "Esa semana que esluve sin ver ala tia Julia, ..... (Vargas L1osa, La TfaJulill, 247) LeguerratiJ/ (intiJl muntiJ, 145) ..... nos contaba de nuevo,ll carcaj6das, la historia del marido que habill querido matllrlo por CllStlr "Erll de cebellos CllStllfiosy piel muy blllTlCll,con ~ mllflOSde lllr\JlS dedosque se movlan como con olro ala bruj ita de Cochiche sin eslar el muerto ni divorcilrl>" (Vargas L1osa, La TfaJulill, piljaros" (Vargas L1osa, LtJguerrtJd!/ f;ntiJ/ mundJ, 162) 368) "Tenill~ ojeras profundllS, un pliegue sombrio en IIIfrente, ...• (VarlJl':5L1D:5l1,LI!flUlJ!1'"rl!dJlfin V' as N' d!1 mundJ, 268) "[ I Ies\ar sen\ado \ado el dial es malo parll mis hemorroides" (commercial, 1983) ..GNohan enflaquecido tambien Jcm Orllndey Pedriio, que erlln ~ gigllntes?" (VarlJl':5l1D:5l1,LlI "El robarse a esa mujer fue una de esas ordenes, pareee" (Vargas Llosa, f/ HabllDJr, 108) guerratiJl fin tiJl muntiJ, 437) "[ I declarar~ en bancarro\a" ( TV00, Mar 92) "Tenia unllSnllri20tas y el convencimlento de que hllbillvivloo heroicamente" (lborgi.ier9Jltill, i" Constituency Instrtxriones pare vivir en tlexico, 251) Marcos: GEstlis seguro que esa mUler mlltoll tu hermano? Armllndo:Si, k!es\ay. "Hay, don sebastion no pone jllmlis los pies en IIIcelIe, nullCllcambill 50 atuend:l-quees, dIlly ~. ~. noche, un pijama color loorillo, una bata azul, unas medias de lana y unas 28patillas de alps:a- ...• r!'.~,": ..... Noes pecado tomarlo ni virtud dejarlo. (Vllrgas L10Sll,LlI TfaJulil!, 256) . Noes mlis pecado tomarlo que tonteria abandonarl0. (examples from ES, in response to question "-Suena bonito y me convendria que fuera verded - Parvulario alos chiquillos de Menlb:ila, fue poco ,. " .. los invitados alalmuerzo .. " (Vargas L1osa, La TioJu/ill, 41) ortodoxll y Ie ganola primerlllldvertencill serill de IIICurill" (VarlJl':5llD:5ll,LlI Tlatlulil!, 302) "Hayguerra, incendios, falla que comer" (Vargas Llosa, LaguerrotiJl fintiJI muntiJ, 161) ."Mi plllre no es el hombre junto con cuel he crecido" ( tJul!dJlupe, 2 June 93)

19 20 ..... une parte muy lmportante de la bomba, Sin la cual no podiamos regar" (Ibarguengoitia, apologize) Instruxiones Pdr" vivti" en t1f!)(IClJ, 108) ", .. conseguirme un lugarcito donde vivir" (L" IntrflstJ, 10 Feb 88) "Yo cometo las locuras que me de les genas" ( 6u8dJlupe, 30 June 93) "Tienes que encontrarte (a) un hombre con quilln casarte .. ( IJos JlidBs, II July 88) ..... bU:lCllr unll mujer con quien com partir III vida" (AI Fifo dJ III t1ut:r1e, 2 Jon 91 ) it' "Es perfecto, con el frio que ha:e aqui" (receiving gift of scarf in Mazatlanj OilS rids$, 1 June 88) "Te aseguro que no tienes nada par que preocuparte" (l1arielena, 2 Jan 93) r 1.--" "... con el clIlor que hllCe .... ( Yoromproesomujer, 24 Sept 90) i, ", Tienes dOnde anotar?" (Amor ti! MKlie, 17 June 91 ; '00 you have somewhere to write it down?'; i, carmelll to Leanor:. su hijo, que en pllZ descllnse (Atrevete, 9 Oct 86; cf *your son, who (mllY) Ii} infinitivlll free rellltive) ~ rest in peace; is this a nonrestrictive relative or a (nonrelative) parenthetical?) "Usled y yo no lenemos de que hab lar" ( Yocompro esa mujer, 22 Nov 90) "Otros bllndidos sonaban con reunir suficientes reis para con'lprarse unllS tlerras, en alglin "EI piloto era el mismo con el que habiamos viajam nosotros" (Vargas llosa, El1t8IJ1sdJr, 148) municipio remoto, donde pllSBr el resto de la vida con nombre cambilldo" (Vargas lIosa, Laguerra "AI unico que quiero esto muy lejos de mi" ( Yocomproeso mujer, 28 Aug 90) dJl fin dJl muntiJ, 69) Fate "No hay dOnde huir" (Vargas lIosa, LlJgtJIJfTatJ1/ findll mulNiJ, 458) Leanor: Desiree desllpllrecio y JUlln Cor los ~ no Ilegll. (Atrevete, I 7 Sept 86) .....(,lICllSOhllbill herederos por cuya suerte lnquietarse?" (Vergas 1I0Sl1, L"guerr6dJl fin dJl "iQue casualidOOl tl que lIega y el telMono que suena." ( Ls IntruS8, 26 May 87) muntiJ, 500; "Were lhere any heirs for whose sake 10 worry?") Fierro: ...anos sin ella, y llhora que IIIencuentro. (L" IntruS8, Feb 88) "No tenemos con que compllrllrlos" (L"Histori"Oficl"'l, 2380') Free "Yll no tengo a quien recurrir" (AI Filoti! latluerte, 8 Jan 92) "Los medicos son quiim pueden salvarlo" ( L" Intru5(J, 19 MlIY 87) "Si usted tiene InformtK:iones 0 necesite con quien hablar, ..... (WCIU, anti-gang message 87) Reduced ".y yo aburrida, sin con quiim juger" ( La IntruS8, 22 June 87) "Hablamos de algo [para mi muy importante)" (Oi4MS616l.'lY, 18 Oct 88) "[Quiero) que se larguen por donde vinieron" ( L" Intrust!, 25 JlIn 88) ~. "Ahara tengo quien me defienda" (AI filoti! lamLJerte, 2 Dec 91) ! "Escupe, de medill vuellll y se aleja, por donde vino" (VlIrgas 1l0Sll, L"guerr" dJl fin reI muf1(tJ, "Jllmm sonrie; no liene a quien ... Usted liene IIquien sonreir" (Crest commercial, July 88; ~ 236) reduced infinitival free relative) •.... "Objetivllmente, esas gentes son instrumentos de quienes, como usted, hlln lICeptlldo III RepubliCll Armando: No tenia con que pagarme. Federico: Es cierto, no tenia con que. (Atrtivete, 14 OCI 86) t, salo para traicionarla mejor ..... (Vargas llosa, LaguerradJI finti!1 muf1(tJ, 213) "No se amnde ir; no tengo donde" (Vargas lIosa, lOuitin matOa Palomino l1olero?, 104) Wordordcr "LNo erll peclldo dejllr sin SlICrllmentos IIquienes creen como no he vista creer II nlldie?" (VlIrgas li lIosa, Laguerraml finti!1 muntiJ, 247) "Yo de aqui no me muevo" (Amor Ii! MKlie, 21 May 91 ; OuIDIlupe, 28 June 93) ~' "LNo es por 10que luchll hllCe tllnto tiempo?" (VlIrgas Llosa, L"gwrr"dJl fin dJl mund), 329; Felix: iEllacon nlldllestocontentll! (AmordJNtx:lie, 30Ju191) "Isn't it what you've been fighting for for so long?") "Ve tu. Yo despues bajo" ( Amor re MKlie, 23 Aug 91 ) . "des vas IIdecir que se hll muerto por el que eston pelellndo, II pesar de que Yll no hllY bllias ni "Pero eso nlldll tiene que ver con la impreslOn que me delconocerla" (AIFilo d! I" 11lJtH'M,9 OCt comida?" (Vargas Llosa, Laguerrati!1 finti!1 muntiJ, 483; "Are you going to tell them that [the 91 ) one] they are fighting for despite not hllYing llmmunition or food hllS died?") "No Ie prometo nlldll sin antes hablar con e'" (Atrtivete, June 86; cf withoul first/*beforeMnd "Yo puedo tener amIstad con quien yo quiera" ( La IntruS8, 7 Oct 87) talking with him) ~.. Oulldlliupe: Vf1'{115ll1ir con quien me de III ganll. «(}lJtJdJllJpfl, I Sept 93) "Yo mllnana vf1'{ala oficina" (Antonio in Tuon«fie, 15 Jon; tomorrow couldn't occupy thot , "... hay quien cree que Santa Anna no fue un traidor y otros que piensan que si perdii) todlls las position in English) blltallllS fue por CUIPllde GOmez Fllrias" (Ibllrguengoitill, InstrucciOlltlS fJdr" vivli" en t1lixico, 37) "Ustedes pare mi SOIl muy importenles" ( Atrtivem, 13 Oct 86) "En el fondo, estes muerto de genes de que haya ese esc6ndalo para tener de que escribir" (Vargas Armando: Yo conligo puedl hablar. (Atrivete, 25 Aug 86) 1l0Sll, Ls Tis JlJlt;" 241 ) JllYier: Andy ahore mils que un medico necesitaa ustedes. ( tt",.ieltlM, 29 Dee 92) "...sent1a amargura e impotencia, y me maldecia por no tener ni siquiera con que comprarme yo "Yo por Ii estay dispuesta aenfrenlar 10que sea~ ( 8u8dalupe, 3 Mar 93) tllmbi{m un revolver" (Vllrgas LlOSll, L" Ti"JlJll-", 419) "Yo de Arango espero cUlllquier cosa" «(Ju«f8lupe, 11 Dee 93) "Ustedes no tenian porque meterse en ese esunto" (tlarielena, 15 Feb 93) LuiSll: Yo alii no vay air. ( (JlJlXi1lupe,5 Aug 93) "Eres un mocoso, no tienes una profesion ni donde caerte muerto ..... (Vllrgas L10Sl1, LlJ TilJJulio, "Yo, francamente, confianZll en III polieia nunca la he lanloo" (lbllrgUengoilia, Instrucciooes ptJr6 405) vivirenttexico, 224) ':Me dijiste que no tienes lldonde ir" ( OutJdJllJpe,27 Apr 93) "Tu aqui no tienes ningun derecho" (AI ftlodJ l"mtJIYttl, 19 Fllb 92) Guadalupe: Cuando tengo confianza, no hay quilln me calle. f5 June 93) "Tullmi no prohibes nada" (Alft/oti!lamuerte, II Feb 92) "Su proposito, dice, es 6Ctullr como un portllVoz delambiente, y de quienes bUSClln preservarlo" (Americas 45.5.3) 'rmanoo: ,Tambien con ella tenia relaciones Juan Carlos? ( Atrivete, 15 Oct 86)

"Quienes me han precedido en esta labor se han Iim itam a una [causa]" (Borges, OiscusiOn, I 1) "Hso que importa, Guadalupe?" ( fJuadJlupe, 28 Apr 93) "Quienes defienden el doblaje rllZOnllron (till vez) que las objeciones que pUeden oponersele pueden oponerse, tambien , a cualquier otro ejemplo de traduccion" (Borges, Oiscusidn, 150) 'Usted 10 que necesita es la MaquiOll de lengullje" (commercial, WCIU. May 91) "Entre los llntropol0g0s, hllY quienes Ie reprochlln pervertir alas culluras llborigenes, ..... (Vllrgas 'Tu 10 que eres es unll chismOSll" ( OutJdJlupe,9 Apr 93) L1osa, EIHalJlsdJr, 70) 'Este nino 10que necesita en la realidad es much carino" (AI h/oti! lattuerte, 28 Oct 91) Infinitival 'Yo 10 unico que he hecho pllra ti es trabajllr como un loco" (AI filo dJ 16mLJerte, 2 Dec 91 ) Mariano: Ya consegui un luger donde vivir. ( Cormin, 19 May 86) 'Yo 10 unico que se es que te estes volviendo laea" ( LalntrllS8, 7 May 81)

"No tengo un siUo donde ir" (6 Apr 89) 'Yo 10 unico que puedo sentir par Ii es lilstimll" (L" IntrflstJ, "I Fllb 88) "Usted no liene nada por que disculparse" (L8 Intrusa, 4 Feb 88; cf. You have no reason (*why) to ~llo que necesila es dinero" (La IntrllS8, 26 May 81)

~', 1 ,Januarv I I, 1994 22 "Yocon quiI'mqueria hablar era contil}J" (Atrtivete, 26 Aug86) "Estay vieja" ( Norie/ena, 7 Dec 92; being old is permanent) SlIm:Yocon IIIuniclI que me entienoo es con TrllCY( A/ /i/a dJ ;., mllfJrte, 26 feb 92) "LEstilndeselInootus hij05 alga diferente?" (Radio Shec!(cammercilll, Dee 93) Angela: L Tu crees? Alicia: Estay lemiendo. ( tJua:Blupe, 30 June 93) "Entienoo perfectamente toOO"(Atrevete, 18 Mar 87) "Tenl}Jen mis manos a ese maldito" ( fa C1JITIpraesamu.ier, 15 Nov (0) Marielena: Doctor, l.astS grave? Dttctl1r: 01,:lefll1rlttl, :su t::ltlldtl t::l muy grtlVll. (/'fIril:lt::tM, 2;' Dt:t; 92) "El abogocbde la ocusocion esta metienoo opiniones que ncw:latienen que ver con ..." (Atrtivete, 13 Marielena: Necesito ser sincera con e1. ( ttsrielena, 31 Dec 92) Apr 87) Estrella: Luis Antonio, Lme des un beso? ( Le IntrtlS8, oct 87; English would require "NunCllnodie hllvuelto 0 vivir en ese lugllr del rio Timpio" (VlIrgas 1l050, EI H"b/tJdJr, 54) 'Will/would/ ... you...' insteOOof present; 0iY1is not possible here !ISimmediate future)

"Yola vi crocer III1600mio" ( (JuodJ/upe, 24 June (3) . "...hastll hecla poco.... (Vargas Llosa, EI fhlJltxiJr, 86; sequence of tense in something that corresponds to a Prep in many languages; ESalso notes: hasta hace poco/*mucho) , "PllSllncasas buenas Y pllSanmaillSC05lIS"183; no appllrent rellSon for the chllnge in word order) .....desde hecill un mes salill con NlIncy..... (VlIrgllSLIOSlI,L6 Tf6.Ju1ilJ, 257) Semidirect discourse "Pero a todo se IIego uno lIocostumbrllr" (lbarguenl}Jitill, /nstruccianes p"r" vivir en tttixico, "Unllnoche, ClIminllnmpor unll ClIlleoscufa, en laangustill de 105trace mil pesos que lba a tener 1(9) que sacar de no sabia donde, ..." (lbarguenl}Jitia, /nstrllCCionesjJ8r8 vivir en l1exiaJ, 222) l1ianl'l l [stas segura'! Guadalupe Segurll, no Segllra no e<;!.o'( de nada ( (JutJdti/upe, 26 OCt(3) morphologv "POI'tlJtlmplo, l;UtmOO termine de hocer collISen la Rectoria YquedOdemostr6OOque habillYo "Iglesill chilefia" (£/ NuevoOi6, 19 June 89; otherwise in the article, clJilt!l1O etc,) cursaOOYaprobac1l todes las materillS requiridas en mi carrera ..." (lbargUenl}Jitia, /nstrucciOl1es "Di~ no alas drogas" (signs all over PR; Ie apperently refers to 18S~ "Dile flOe las drogas p"r" vivir en !fexico, 271) 'I sl ala felicidod" (TV public service ad observed by ES; "sloppy" Interpretation of I~ "Cuanootuvo uso de raz6n 'I mi moore me explic6 que asi es como deberie yo presentar ados "Mediasdeportlva" (Dept. store, San Juan PR; conjecture: neither Is/ Is pronounced, but the first personllS que me conocieran 'I se desconocieran entre sl, senti que un lIblsmo se abrlaa mis pies" one is written, presumably because medll/$ Is the way that noun is usually spelled) (lbargUenl}Jitie, /nstrucclones pore vivir en Nexico, 80) '10 estil usted logranoo" (Atrevete, 1 sept 86; NBclitic climbing) "Muebles de primerlsima calidod" (Teletone commercial, Nov91) "Tan culpable es usted como 10soy yo" (La/ntruS8, 23 OCt87) "Son cuatisimos" (AI Ii/ati! /8muerte, 19 Feb 92) I\mnlgnms, pntche5, syntnctic metonymy "Tambien hay higaOOsmujeres -0 higadas- ..." (lblIrgiiengoitle, /nstrllCCionespttr8 viviren "Andres los vio en el jardin parece que besanoo" ( To a niKIitlJ ttexico, 188) AnaJulia: Mi esposo estil en IIIClIl1e,hecienm Dios sabe que. (L" /ntrlJS8, 13 Aug 87) "EstilClImbiadisimll"( OutdJ/upf!, 28 July 93) "Habrlamos desaparecioo quien sabe lDinde" (Vargas Llosa, £/ H8IJ/aiJr, 52) -bracketing paradoxes- use callo, pari:!pllSllrsepor la boca unll mano rilpida como un matamoscllS"(Vargas 1l0Sll, dluien "EI Partloo RepubliCllnogermllno occidentlll" ( £/ Nuevo Oil!, 19 June 89; a:r/~t61 modifies meld e Pelom ina !fa/era?, 1 6 1 ) A/em8l1i8, which counts here as a part of !P'm~ Rennnlysis "Hubie Broo!(s, jllrdinero derecho de 105Expos..." ( £1 NlJf!VOOil!, 21 June 89; = [(jaY07n ~J "Estay segura que estes cap8Zde inventar quien sabe que cosas" (Amor ti! MKfie, 2 Apr 91 ) -era)) compounding Semantics un microon~ (commercial, 30 June 88) "Cuanm una es madre..." ( (JuodJ/upe,21 sept 93; lICCto EO,spea!(er must be IIwoman; "Cullndo Derivntion unQes madre ..." would be possible only jocularly, spoKenby a man ooing mother's tas!(s; for "Bravisisimo" (Oi8l1eS8/8.l'8f'. 1 Nov 88) "Prohibidlsimo· (£sptfr8lT1eeneICieltJ generlllizations about women in e.g. an election speech, "Cuandose es madre ..." is possible) "el mlsmlsimo Coronel Mindreau" (Vargas 1I0Sll, lOuitin m61ti6Pl1/aninottolero?, 181) Diana: Una piensa sentirse madre ... ( (JuaiJ/upe, 25 OCt(3) sombrerero 'hat-maker' (-ero + -ero); ES also suooests calderaro 'men who makes cauldrons' focus and certererll 'woman who ma!(es purses' "CBsino tenl}Jesperanzas" ( (JuiUJ/upe, 19 Aug 93; ??I almost oon't have any hope) "ese hembron" (Vargas lIosa, iOuitin matoaP8laninoffolero?, 87) "SOlome importllS ill" (BuodJ/upe, 28 Dec (3) ..... por tu sinverguenzurll" (ttllrie/fff'M, 4 FOO93) Scope "...oojate de l1amar artiste alo que en buen perueno sa llama estrlDtisara de tres par medlo" Roberto: Tu no vas lIvolver porque yo Ilorj;t.(Atrevete, 29 OCt86; subjunctive ma!(es scope of (Vargas 1I0Sll, L" Tf6t1ulie, 444) negotion unambiguously wide) Diminutive "un prob1emlt~" ( L61ntrlJS8, 6 July 87) I Daniel: iClnco camisas sin botonesl (complaining to maid about shirts ~h missing one or more ~: l. Yde qulen as esta boqulta? B: Es tuylta. ( La Intrusa, 10 NoY87) buttons; Ho/tJ. .. Pe/ust!, 7 OCt85; context brings out norm!llly disfavored interpretation) "... toma todllo· ( O1rmfn, Apr 86) r I\spect! tense "Nome gusta ned~ de eso" (AtrtiYete, 3 Jan 87) i latiana: Siempre 10supe. 0lIbriel: LLosabias? ( L" JlerdJcJJr"£Vl!, 13 feb 85) "Eso as 10peorcito que he vlsto" ( I1l1ritl tterc«i1s, 11 Nov 92; Is It relevant that the speaker ! enjays spreading gossip?) Regino, os she regllins her sight:iEstoy vienm' ( L" JlertixiJr" £Vl!, 85; ??I'm seeing) "Chllito"(VlIrgas 1I0Sl1.L" Tfl1t1l1/il!, 286; diminutive of CI60; *chlluito) "Apesar del corto tiempo que estay conocienooa Eva, ..." ( Le Jlertl8d!re£v8, 85) Igualitlto. (Calconcin Inspector) "Estes teniendo miedo" ( Dos Jlid8s, 27 June 88) "Lodijo clarlto" (ou"o,llIpe, 15 June 93; *claritamente) "LEstas vlenoo, Chonita?" ( !ferie !fer(;'(J(JJs,18 Nov 92; = 'Doyou see what I see?')

23 January II. 1qg4 ?4 . I;::,ntI;::'rv 1 1 1QQ4 Sub lexical syntax Idiom, "Nos ~pedimos haslllio proximo semono" (WCIU, 14 Mor 92) "SI tu 5upieros III faltll que me htres" ( L(I/nlrlfS6, Aug. 87) "...y uno de ellos crljuiri6 fama par haberse aprendioo de memoria las tablas to logaritmos, del uno "Tu no sabes la falta que me haces" (La IntrUS8, 13 Oct 87) ,l III cien. Este ultimo PllsOtres IlOOSen un mllnicomio, siguienoo un trlltllmienlo espeeial que Ie •.... 105miles de dOlores que tonto folto n05 hlDlfl" ( Ou«i1lu/M, 21 Nov 93) t dieron para que volviera a olvidarlas" (Ibargi.ien~itia. Instruccionespara vivir en/'"lexico, 262; Francisco: Va via el caso que III hizo ese asesino a su psiquiatra. (AI liluti! lamuerte, 26 Feb 92) I volver modifies [sic) the 'not remember' pllrt of the mellning of olvidJr: he hlldn't forgotten them 1-• {; . previously) Mindreau: Tampoco quiero hacerle perder su tiempo, Teniente. ! lexicon Silvo: No me jQ hl'Dl usted perder. (Vorgos LlO5ll, diu/en m(lto(lP(llominotlolero?, 163-01) ,i "Agustin Lara cumplio 50 aoos de muerte" (24 Horas, 8 Nov 85 i iFelicitaciones, Agustin, y Ie deseo 50 lliios mas!) Moggi: Yo no quiero dejor ningun cabo suelto (Amtr Ii:MxtIC, 8 Aug 91 ) " y VISA y MASTERCHARGEson bienvenidos" (commercial, 28 Oct 86; evidently a calque) "Estes hoblonoo OOrmidll" (Atrevete, 21 Oct 86) A: No te pongos osi. B: LCOmo quieres que me pongo? (Amtr Ii:Mxtie, 4 June 91 ) Barbara to Desiree: Me gusta mas Jose para hacer pareja contigo. (Atrevele, 2 Dee 86) X: LQue tienes, Enrique? V: Mieoo Lo que tienes es mieoo.

"Entonces soy todll oidos" ( Ctvmin; 29 Moy 86 and 3 June) "Tienes 10conciencio sucio" (Olbn(lStJ/~, 3 Nov 88; 'You hove A guilty concience') ;. ' "Advertencia de cirujano general: Fumar durante el embarazo puede causar ... y reducir el peso del Valence reeien nocioo" (English original is .....and low birth weight ..) .....di lor8Zlin 0 !.§callos por siempre" (Qrmln. 12 May 86) "Drak.e murio de disenteria y fue enterraliJ en las aquas de Panama" (EJ Morro, San Juan PR) Carmela: No me puse nada... 5i, me puse. (Atrevete, 17 Mar 87) "Tuvo un tlCCidenteen III carretera y se mato" ( Olbn8 StJI4iMr, 25 Nov 88 = was k.i lied, died) "Los Ilomas 10des!!porecerlQn llun perfecto, frustrllnoo 11105guSlloos" (Vorgas L10511,Elogio 616 "Creo que 10he querioodesde siempre" (/'"Iarielena, 3 Dee 92) m8drastra, 44-5) r "tl y cUlltquier otro se vuelve loco 9ID.tigo" (/'"It!!"ielen6, 17 Dee 92) "Me convenclo porll CllSIlrn05 yo" «(Ju4dJlufJfJ, 27 Aug 93) r Lentl: Don Raul sale hoy. (Amor ti!Ntkiie, 2 Sept 91 ; " gets out of prison; you can't say "Raul leeves today" in thot sense) "Hugo no puede todo, l..verdlld?" (Mexican movie ca. 1970) f "Sarita, vencienoo su confusion y quebranoo, habia revelaliJ a 105custodios del orden que el estupro Luisa: Va pueoo toltl 10que se me antoje. (fJU8tiJIupe, 13 Dee 93) L no erllsino el saloo trBgico de un largo y secreta asedio a que se hobill visto sometido par el violaliJr" (Vargas L1056,La TiaJulia, 128) Phonolow "Tengo hllmbre- es todo 10que tengo" ( Ou4d!lupe, 28 Apr 93; suggested tronslotion: "I'm hungry• [sinxer] (monufllCturer of 5llWing mllChines) that's all") [rolh rois] 'Rolls-Royce' (La IntruS8, 6 Jan 88) .' "Resulto que era seiiorito" ( (Jv4d!lupe, 11 June 93; 'It turned out she was 0 virgin') "botir records mundiales" (Am~iQl139.4, 2; pronounced (rekorh mun ...IIlCC. to ES) r Alicia: Tu eres mi unico hijo varon. «(Juaifllupe, 25 Oct 93; cf. ??my only male child) films (Borges, Oiscusitin, pronounced with [Ims]) Luisa: Vllmos - acaben de decidirse. «(Jv4d!!upe, 16 Dee 93) [kasets] (WCIU. Dec. 92) r "fue en uno de esos ~dlsputlrlls por ca:'lticos pelomil1as ...• (Vargas LlO56, La TfaJulia, 343) ~. Prepositions with SOt78r, exomples from ES llndJ. Mllrti (juOJements in thllt order when two lire Hypercorrection and other :screwups given) "Ia eleccion municipaL" (Ay~ 30 Oct 86; Puerto Rican speaker) i· Soiiabo con Mllrill. Soiillbll en conseguir et premia. Colon: Las tierros que pretienoo descubrir :IOn lIenos de oro. (film Cristo/}(J/ CDkJm ; OKI?Soiiaba con una lavaliJra. Soiiaba que conseguiria el premia. Soiiaba con ganar el premia. 20 II W. Calle Pershing. (commercial, channel 26) I, OK/* Soiillbll con un unicornio. (nonreferentilll interpretlltion) "Prevencion estoolrededor de III esquina" (CTA M, Splll1ish version of "Prevention is just around *10K Soiiaba en un unicornio. Soiiaba acerca de un unicornio que... the corner"; wrong sense of "around") LEn que sueiias? Won quien sueiias? "51 10eehmJ.fuerll. eche1211I11cilrcel" (NYC subwoy poster; English original is "If they throw you *LEn QUien suenas? *LCon que suenas. (for JMF, OK in context such as "Soiie out, throw them in jail") con que me VOIVlll m i 1I0nor io y me eomprllbo uno case muy grllnde. Y tu, Leon que sueiias?") vllCOmole(menu ot food stall, Flestll del Sol, July 93; no, it wosn't a Mexican version of stllllk LAcerca de que sonaste? (EO: ???) Sobre que sonabas? (EO: ???) tartare) OK/*LAcerca de quien soiiaste?( £6:*) * I??LSobre quien SOiillbas. (£6: *) Written language "L ... estes sonanoocon una nueva alfombra?" (WCIU commercial, Feb B8; clearly nonreferential Nancyta (Vargas Llosa, L8 TiaJu/ia, 199, diminutive of Nam.y; the 'y' fuses the 'y' of 'Nancy' and objeet) the 'j' of 'ito') *Soiie con la case. Soiie con la C8S8de mi abuela. (ES) Cuanooyo erll niiio, SOiillbll fllntasmas. (Ricardo M. Feb 88) Freezes "No menos y nlldll mas" ( tit!!" ielentJ, 3 Feb 93) tarde a temprano ( " * late or soon) "Cuando Ilegamos, por fin, enterr BOOsde pies a cabeza. a la ancha y cuadrada plaza sin arboles de Gracio PraliJ, comprobamos la popularidOO de Melchorita" (Vargas LlO56, La TiaJulia. 373; *from foot to helld) Gender choice "un!! [ven]" ('a vlln') , "unll BlllZer" (llutO dealer commercial, Dee 92; ES soys the feminine is because those vehicles are classed as romiof/elm -Sin duda. un Lolita tipica -sentenci6 el juez. (Vargas Llose, La T/aJIJ//o, 141)

1',) , Innl i:1rV 1 I 1 C)C),1 7() !?lnl !?lr\! 1 1 1QQ4 I

Misc, "When I tell my daughters this, who have to go on these heartbreaking auditions, ..... (Carmel Quinn, Interviewed by Chuck Schaden, 4 Mor 89) "I'm going in and osk the boss for a raise" (Blondie, 12 Jul 89) ..... what' called yesterday Plato's problem" (Chomsky 88, Kyoto lectures) Complements I celled (*yesterdlly) this problem (??yesterdlly) Ploto's problem. "Ix forbade the stuoonts at the conservatory] from even rMling the scores of Rossini's operas" I called (*yesterday) II (?yesterday) Plato's problem. (WFMT, 24 Nov 89) Misc. word order .., hate when dogs eat the puppets" (sculptor Quoted In New Yorker, Nov 6 89, p37) "I wonrered if I were to begin convulsing ,whether she would actually know what to do" (NYT Complementlzer selection Magazine, 8 Oct 89) Whot I deplore is thot S. * I ooplore thot S. "Jim Farley's chief Job here is to prevent the convention boring both the oolegates and the Agreement country" (Mencken, Quoted In BoOO,l1encken, 319) "Most likely candidates for the Berlin post are seiJ iOzawa Qt Ravinia music director James ExtraposUlon lavine" (Sneed, Sun- Times, 4 Moy 89) I've heord 11soid thot Dutchmen ore good sollors. (Extraposition in "small clouse") for-deletion "But everybexly there, from santa Claus to the elves to the clowns, was cops" (Police commanoor quoted In Sun- Times, 19 Dec. 88) "Whottoyo wont, fello, for us to lose our advontage over women?' (Tenk McNemara, Nov 1689) This/*These man and woman are married. P-deletion "The men then turned into olorge snoke, who is still resident ot the site" (Austrolion Aborlginol A: What do people hope for? B: Thot the new year won't be as rotten as the last one. (Shoe, I Jon Art exhibition, Smart Gollery, Jan 89) 84) .., think Dr. Ostroff hos given you one too' mony treotment§. .. (New Twilight Zone, "Room 2642") ••...0 vireotepe thot instructs high school students how to use a condom" (Ployboy, Oct 89, 43) "G10sg0wTransport Museum ore the proud possessors of six of these trams" (Glosgow bus tour brochure) Reduced "She's immune [to mumps)! She's had them!" (Gasoline Alley, Moy 21 86) "As long os I'm here in Peaceful Valley, I want just one thlng-out" (Twflight Zone, "Valley of the ..... ond clorinetists with injured right thumbs, which sustoin the full weight of their 2-pound Shadlw") instruments" (SI. Petersburg newspoper, 19 Feb 89) "let me put it where it won't be in either of our woys" (7 Mor 89) "We ask that everyone remain seated with 'lQ!!!:. seatbell fostened" (CO flight attendant, 8 Aug 89) Various constructions "Either my husbond or , have to be home for our doughter" (Solly Forth, 15 June 89) Adverbs "Transportation to and from the Opera House plus parking are incluOOd" (WFMT, 24 Nov 89) "Now home in Willshire, he is inOOpenoonl1y prooucing a series of movies" (Time, 1 Hoy 89) "The seotbell sign is on intentionolly" (M flight ottendont, 21 Jun 69) , "You used to be abIe to start an artist in Carnegie Recital Hall and build them up over seven years" .....a first trimester abortion, which can be safely roo6 unOOr localanaestheslo" (Dr. Arthur (~ms ogent quoted in Aug 6 89 NYT) Herbst, QUotedin 20 oct 89 Maroon) "'f he had'adm1tled II, he would probably have been the first person who ever adm Iif'ed llJw. spied "In a couple of days, he'll forget all about you" ( .., never met the dell! man", SUspense, Jon 5 50) for the CIA" (lowyer quoted in 5 Oct 89 Tribune) '~,' . EverybOOy wos enjoying themselves. *Every person waS enjoying themselves. "Drop on in' (Montgomery Ward commercial, Nov 89) Identity '.', ' . '" woke bock up" "fam~y can't help an addict unless he ooes 0" (headline on Ann lanoors cohiml.l, 10 Apr 89; 0 = Ambient il help himself?) ..it wos nlmost cold enough to snow" (CBS News, 7 Aug 89) "Is this one of those things I have to do if' know what's good for me even if' don't think §Q?" Comparative (Dennis the Menace, Nov 1689; apparently so = it's good for me) ~ The whiskey that John dronk was better thon the beer (that he dronk/*did). (Why is V'-deletillll Conjoining . bad here?) ClItegory Identity of conjuncts ' Hoking funny foces Is not so/??os much comical as stupid. "We have a warrant for your husband's arrest and to search the house" (GN, 27 Dec 88) "More people osk us to ploy than we have time" (Studs Terkel guest, 3 Moy 89) "The broadcost is olso wotched by American-born children whose porents wont them to learn ~ "You cen count on Master-Cord in three lime the number of pIeces as AmerlC8ll Express" (rlldto langulPl and about where they come from" (Tribune, 13 June 89) commercial, May 89) .~ "But then they get bonded out or o light sentence" (Royko, 13 Dec 89) "TOSCllIlint himself Is, I think, more positive nnd estimoble a figure then Mr. Horowttz allows" Gapping . (NYT Book Review, 60s) "Most of the phororhocids become extinct before, only 0 str!J1.l1er or two ofter, placentol ..... the much lorger windshields thnn you see In TllUrus ... • (commercinl. Nov B9) carnivores reached South America" (G. G. SImpson, Splendid Isolation, cited by Gould; Gapping + "For years, Japanese women have been voting In larger number~ than men" (Floro lewis, NYT, RNR) reprinted 27 July 89) Parallelism of conjuncts "McDonald's ... foces a challenge by an eooresslve smaller fry, Rolly's· (Arizona Dolly Star, 31 ..... !!fter Choffs cer apporently went out of control ond into the water" (Sun- Times, I Moy 89) July 89) "Smoking is not permitted in the lavatories or while walking or standing in the aisles" (American •....grapes were picked earlier than many people In the vineyards had ever experienced" (NYT Airlines, 27 Mar 89) HllgllZine, Nov 69) Peripheral coordinating conjunctions Comparat Ive-condltional '''Toncredi' plus 'Lo Sonnombula' in one season are simply too much of a not-especiolly-good thing" One person Is superior to another, the more book.s he has rMl. (notionel comperattve) (Sun-Times, 16Jan 89) I prefer foods the spk Jr they are. RHR The further BWOY ~ mountoin is, the more mist there is In front of it. "Thara we have had music by a contemporary of and frequent collaborator wllh Moliere, Conditional

Jean-Baptiste lully" (WFMT, 22 Jan 89) "Mom wouldn't cere obout these things if she wouldn't keep finding out obout them" (Colvin &:

:3 [)pcprnhpr 17, 1989 4 Oecemb••,. '7, '989 I

Hobbes, 22 Mflo{ 89) that IIle is a P and not an A?) "The peanuts are for the elephants. Theseare for if you go to the termite coge." (Snafu, 27 Sept "ReglIrdless thot Horvord oppellrs to have bungled the motter, ... " (letter, NYT Mogozine, 15 Oct 89) 89; r~d/es:s'ofwith t!Jet-clause object andooletion of or) Dative with P' as object .•... a man who hlJacl::s my trucl::, who loses me my Job ,... " (Brazil) "Ten-percent discounts are offered on B.A. fares, including on the Concoroo" (NYT, 3 Apr 89) Imperative "Unlll::e with some comeros, he won't have to move on inch" (TV commerciol, 89) "[Joan Crawford] campaigned and asl::edall the New Yorl:: members of the academy to please not zero vote for met" (Bette Davisi' quoted in 21 Apr Sun- Times; dependent imperative) "You 00 'em your wflo{, and I'll 00 'em mine" (Nancy, 2 Apr 89; 8 P with ooleted head N, the "Weigh more than two ounces and you're seafood'" (one pet fish to another. as Heathcliff lool::s ioontity of which ooterm ines the acceptabi lily of the 0 P) hungrily into their tank; Heathcliff, 18 Feb 89) "We actually have 9 fewer new stuoonts this year than we did last" (cf *than we had last. What Interrogative ootermines the possibility of the 0N licensing the 3p?)

WhoOwhich osl::edone ofwhichthe WHs}artists'Is In aportraitsWH-movedof constituent)whichO I::ings they put on disp IllY? (multiple WH in structure of NPs "The report did not give the names of the other people convicted or Sf!o{ who had committed which "The imlllJ! of the romantic fanatic wanooring in Barbados, where her once lover has been crimes or when ~occurred" (Tucson newspaper, 31 July 89) transferred, '" " (New Yorl::er , Nov 6 89, p3) Inversion Adverb in HP "[She wanted] to see had , my medals on" (Carmel Quinn, interviewed by ChucK SChaden, 4 Mar "Published last month by arauably the most active Vatican COf1QftPltion and the Pope's most active 89; Irish sPlllll::er, inversion with !Jtwe. .. 011) oioo ... " (Tribune, 21 Apr 89) John has been treated worse than I have (been). ...than have I (*been). ...than have been I. John probably married Susan. Hll!Jlltion John married probably Susan. (latter but not former version presupposes J morried someone) "I never should have listened to you" Apposition? "Thet's the calli should have never answered" (Suspense, "Death has a shamw") "They accompanied her mother and stepfather, Paul Shields, llI1 investment bllfll::er who wos II negative polarity friend and supporter of Presioont Roosevelt .. (W. safire, 18 Apr 89) "'t's not me whO's gonna have any regrets" (Suspense, "The big shot ..; NPI separated by clefting my uncle Bob and aunt Corol ?my uncle Bob Smith and lIUnt ClIroI Brown from trigger) Articles Hominalization "A spousei of II sturentj ClIn stflo{ as long os the spousejl?i is II student" (Jerry S, 23 MllY 89) .....but there Is no danger In what show of death it mal::es, more than the locI::ing-up the spirits a "You're the man in the hurry", He's in a/*the hurry . time ..... (Cymbellile I.v.4l) "They have!! different first oboist and first bassoonist than they did last yeer". -r Passive Extrapositlon of P' • etc. "The owner of the simple plot site wos wlllJ!red that he couldn't erect a full sized building on it" "... but disdllining me and throwing favors on the low Posthumus slllflOOrs so her jOO;jment thot (GlasgoW bus tour brochure) ~. , what's else rare is chol::'d" ( Cymb/ine III.v.77) "It's not the 'lived-in' 1001:: that bothers me. It's the 'died in' smell" (Dl"tlbble, Oct 21 e.) 6enitive Quantifier float He leaped/fell to his/*3 death. They beat him to (*his) death. 'Who I::nows if one her women, being corrupted, hath stol'n it from her?" ( Cymlmline Il.v.118) (EvlllJ. though there are fer more Mexicans than Puerto RiCllns in Chi~ there are more Puerto Modifier preposing Ricarlvoters, because) ,-the?all Puerto(of) theRicansPuertoareRicansall Americanare Americancitizens.'citizens.h t "...she is a much brighter than average, tough-tall::ing self-sufficient young WOffiIlfl..: (NYT BooI:: Raising Review, 80s; head not final) "There didn't look lil::e there WtlS going to be too long a wait .. (copy-raising = Richard) H' Superlative "Momma, I just bought this real bargain of a table" (Momma, 26 Dec 88) .., walk in and there's the second one I've ever seen in my lite" (A. Schiller, 18 Nov 89) Misc. . of"Now coming on stage, our three featured Soloists and conductor" (KUAT, 7 Jul 89) "Do you want to wear these out? .. (Marshall Field's, 21 Dec 88; = leave the shop wearing them) comp"Theyletelyrefendinerttheir semantically)territory 8fJ8inst all (??oO those who encrooch on it" (shows the of isn't Constituent structure "Put a couple more pop tarts in the microwave" (Cranl::shaft, 11 JIlfl 89) "Five will get you ten you oon't get a hit" (Tribune cartoon, 11 Apr 89; where IDes the a couple of/*0 pop tarts *a couple more of pop tarts a couple more of them complement fit into the structure?) "What it causes is a plflo{er to be uncomfortable" (discussion,UC composers Worl::shop, 10 Dee 89) He wrote a turd of a paper. *He wrote shil of a paper. His paper isa turd. His paper is shit. Cotegories Proper names Prepositions "...a sequence in which Daffy and Donald Duel:: plflo{ pianos at breaknecl:: speed" (SCi Am Jun 89, "American English usually serves as the 'other' vis-a-vis which Japanese is I::nown" (J Fair 37; treats Ducl:: as a family name, Daffy and Donald as members of a single family) thesiS) I wrote an article about Presidents Johnson and Nixon. "Based on what did you mal::eyour tempo changes?" (discussion, UC Composers Worl::shop, 10 Dec * I had dinner with Uncles George and Tom. 89) misc. Wite/*very something else "We're overhead the Quad Cities area" (AA pilot, 22 Jun 89) • "Thornburgh flights Cf',t twice Meese's" (= twice what Meese's flights cost; Tribune headline, 12 *For Hyre Parl::ers to celebrate the I Ooth anniversary of Hyre Park's annexation by Chicago is :let 89) Iil::e for Estonians to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Estonian SSR. (evirence "Now all we women ere remanding equal raises and promotions'" (On the fastrllCl::, MllY I 86) I

Relative clauses and congeners "This new field is raising some ethical eyebrows" (NYT MlIJlZlne, 35, 14 May) ..... Fidel Castro, whom he I':!mires with the pessionate conviction that he detestedJ. Edgar Hoover" ..... asking our listeners to give us a financiol hand" (WFMT, 9 June 89) (Tribune, 20 Dec 88; with omitted in RC) ..... on a logical par" (Dryer, Lg 62.836) "Those guys went into a pl!lCe thot I wouldn't go if you poid me" (earthquoke survivor quoted in 20 ..... in the company of such big critical game as Harold Rosenberg and Clement Oreenberg· (fltnt Oct 89 Sun- Times; cf. *1 wouldn't go that place.). Schier, quoted In NYT MlIJlZine, 19 Nov 89) .....one thot hI':! just hitchhiked along for the developmental ride !IS II side consequence of llOOthe!' "'fyou hear a vintage radio program that you would like to have 0 but 0 is not available on a adaptation ..... (Gould, Wonci!rflJILife, 307) commercial recording, ..... (Chuck Scheden, 12 Mey 89; conjoining of RCs with subject gIlP and Telescoping non-subject gap) "We're the only ones who can put up with how obnoxious weare· (Sheril, 22Jan 89) "The Temple of Dagon, for example, whose exterior is seen in act one and interior (??is seen) in Vice venn act three, rivals a movie set... .. (Reader opera review, 10 Nov 89) John needs Mary more than vice versa. ?John gives Mary more love lhan vice versa Nonrestrictive "On blllllnce, 'Waterstone's' strikes me as better written than 'The R~'s cmlllog'. but the two "His father and' were soldiers together, \0 whom I have been often bound for no less than my life" compendiums are actually complimentary, 'Waterstone's' listing some hard-lo-flnd booI:s (Cymbeline I.lv.25) available through British publishers that are out of print here and vice versa· (= and 'The Omission of Ihal Reader's Catalog' listing some hard-to-find books available through American publishers that ere "Ain't no Sicilian 0 hates anybody worse than a rent -control landlord hates his tenants .. (Tom out of print in Britllin'; Mordecai Richler, NYT Book Review, 8 Oct 89) Wolfe, Bonfire of the Yenities,636) M iscelloneous syntactic/semantic "Never was a war 0 did cease, ere bloody hands were wash'd, with such a peace" ( Cymbeline "Many patients hI':! wrongly gotten antibiotics" (Hippocrlltes, HllY 89, 37; = hI':! wrongly been V.v.486) given) . "We have yet many among us 0 can gripe as hard as Vessibelon" (Cymbeline 11.1.40) "There's now II bit of white space between each entry· (H. Kisor, Sun- Times, Apr 89) .....she could at least keep Thad's train of thought from derailing during the two hours each morning not thel S, for S obligator ily follow the host S; what else does? C8n S, not IMt S be emlJe:tBlin II he spent writing" (Stephen King, TheOed Helf, 74; RC with missing thet, not adjacent to heOON) larger S? Of cOurse you can Invite your friend. (no Intonation brealc) Interpretntlon of openton Sure/"Yes you can invite your friend. "Please remain on the line and your call will be answered in the order in which it was received" I had to do as much work as if there were lhree of me (,. us). (recorded message, Continental Airlines, Mey 89) A: Who Is thot? B: It/He looks like Henry Kissinger. ( /1 suggests that the person really Is '''T rex' mey be a household word among dinosaurs (sic], but no one's ever found a complete one, Kissinger, he thai he isn't; cf. ·He's lost 50 pounds and grown II beard, bullt/??he looKs like HK) and that's what we've done" (poleontologist quoted in 31 Oct 89 Tribune). "At 63 yards, an overage marksman, using a .30-06 rifle mounted with ll'4X scopE: ... , could kill II .~ "Handel did it all the time" (,. always) squirrel, let alone a deer ..." (letters, NYT MlIJlZine, 8 Oct 89) M~j'jtnl spnce phenomena "If I were you ... which I !!m... " (cartoon of man looKing in mirror, Pare, 10 Oct 82) "Best knOVIn for his work as an actor (he played the young Roy Scheider in All The(;}8?z..)....., "Excesslvement lenl· (tempo marking in Poulenc, OieltVJBSdlsOJrmelites; creates liar parlDlx) (Reader, 20 Jan 89; Roy Scheider isn't the character but the actor wh~leyed the Seme charocter "... bagen to chase him from room to room of the old castle" (Bullwinkle) at a more advanced age) Metonymy "The.young people are returning from Paris, where they hI':! gone in Acti~ (WFMT, 14 Mey 89; "The cornfields lire llbout 4 feel tllll" (Mizeno Dllily Star, 26 July 89) time ~nnections can be given in terms of content of story, form of story, or 'per,formance of story: Implicature where they hI':! gone in 1788 where they hI':! gone two years earlier l uonn: Have you olwllYS been 0 good dancer, DeIto? where they had gone in Act I where they hI':! gone three scenes ear I ier Delta: Heck no! I couldn't dance at all until I was almost a veer old. (luann, 16 Jan 89) where thl:'{ hI':! gone 30 peges ealier Morphology where they went 45 minutes ago *where they went at about 4:00 (today] • ~ 8enitiye 's (ambiguous: 45 min of story time or of performance time) "But the summers hI':! alwllYS been mine-mine and the Bobbsey Twins's and lnura Ingalls WI Ider's Tense, time reference and ..: (NYT Education Supplement, 8 Jon 89) Shouting curses, John (*has) stomped out of the room. "Wlllter Johnson the man was like Nollln Ryan the man in the sense thllt mu fllstball Intimllilted "When he came to the United States from Odessa, when he was 1.1years old, he was alreOOy giving .~hlm perhaps more than it did the batters" (NYT, 1980s) concerts, ..... (NYT Arts, 10 Dec 89; second when-clause provides bock ground for first one) " "They 11lsodisliKe government Impairment of private parties' ability to controct freely with Speech acts whomever they wish" (Vlrglanla Post reI , Washington Post WeeKly, 10-16 Jul 89) *You can pess the salt, can't you? (only the question with inversion is ovoiioble as on indirect Inflection request) "It's for all of our safety" (Midway Airlines night attendant, 2 Mar 89; expresses • fallofllSJ's Indirect. semi-direct discourse sofetn . ..It occurred to himi to wonder just what he was going to do about all this, and Di!JJ!ri was moonlighted/*moonHl gawdamned if he knew" (Stephen King, TheODd Helf, 45-6) "The so-celled 'Bermlllll triangle' is a lklldrum zone" (Jerry TIIft, Sun- Times, 23 Jnn 89) "He could live with the thought of his own stupidity; Godknew he had done it before" (Stephen ", ..to attain in suit the ~lace of's bed and win this ring by hers and mine lKlultery· ( Cymbe/ine King, T!leOerkHolf, 366) V.v.188) Syntactic metonymy. amalgams. mimIcry

"Jenny, since this is your first time (pitching horseshoes], why don't you throw IIcouple of \f cooKies""... you may(Tribunewan I toFood,give 26in toOcttheir89) sweet looths a bit and allow them to dJctor up some homemsle practice shoes before we keep score" (Marvin, 10 Nov 89) ~"YOUng'S response: we isn'l slupid· (heOOline, Royk.o column. Dee '4 89; = of lheyoung) "It probably gets easier with each cupcake that rolls off the tray" (= with each instance of a Possible morphemic relntions cupcake rolling off the tray; Crankshaft, 26 Oct 89). beer-barrel blame-blemish Word-formntlon

.., nOl'omhor 17 10RO I'l n"I'''''''''''''' ,., , "tlt'l ---_ .._------~---- I

"He's trying to remake contocts with X" (Bonnie K, 22 Jan 89) Sexist language "He shared commiltee member Joseph Bioon's concern about over-promising" (WFMT, I M6r 89) one-person show (used in 28 Oct 89 Tribune obitu6ry of 6 grJy m6Je artist; EPH s~s thllt neologisms sex-neutral language Is being used here to maintain conspicuous neutrality with regard to sexual orient6tion) recoupment (NYT, 8 J6n 89) Valence ·Her method also makes it possible to £!llQ one kind of metal with another" (Sci. Am. Feb 89, 20) "... he w61kcd the b= lOIlded in hi~ fir~t inning of work...· (Tribune, 29 Mar 89) blogr6ph!l!! (Marquis Who's Who form letter; *biogr6phv) "An extra five would b!llil there be a next time" (Calvin and Hobbes, 6 Oct 89) "One can make surmlsals" (liner notes, Havergal Brian Symph #4) misc. gr6ndkids (D611r Abby, 28 Jul 89) " ...the time my birthday cake caught my hair on fire" (Fox Trot, 29 Sept 89) the Thames/Rhine (*RIver) vs. the Misslssipi River "And you'I1li6ise with Oxford B6rrocks?" (Stephen King, TheO"rk H"If, 359; spe6ker is 6 police Speech errors, screwuJr.l officer) "Soaring above the rest in quality, service, and price" (Chicago auto agency ad, 88) "The Infiniteslm61 adv6nces he got didn't earn out" (Stephen King, TheO"rk H"If, I 12; meons his "PI= eot this w6ffle. You will be satisfied with its teste" (sl!1l on fro! stlllld, Nll9'JYlI Design ultimate royalties on the book were less than the advances that he hoo received) Expo) "Barry SOOler; cowrote 'B611adof Oreen Berets'" (headline on Tribune obitu6ry, 6 Nov 89) "It's a foct that these young people know "nuttin' from nuttin': to quote from 'Duffy's Tavern' ,... " ·1 don't wanna protract this too much" (NYT, 8 Oct 89; mixes dlalects- quote is "oon't know nuttin' from nuttin'") Lexicon "Can he be stopped before his next victim?" (movie tr6i1er, chmmel50, 1989) "Susanna end Figaro meet, quarrel and reconcile" (lyric opera synopsis, 1987) "Consumption of spirits was cut In more than half within three years" (Sydney Harris, early 80s) I play the b!l!lPipes/??b!l!lPipe. I have 6 b6Qpipe. ??I have b6Qpipes. blocking morphological "Seated woman holding female child" (sign on p6inting, 06l1ery of Contempor6ry Art. Tokyo) "closerly" (for "more closely"; Bill D, 14 Feb 89) Two times out of two. *Twice out of two/twice. syntactic ??Two times out of two times. *Two times out of twice. "Taxis are avail6ble at there" (sign 6t Ueno st6tion, Tokyo) complementlzer choice "Rivera's affiliation with Cubism is a subject which barnes me that it has not been previously "The OED2 is thoroughly intern6tion61, reflecting th6t the colonies ... 6re the richest 1000of new explored ... " (C6t6Iog of exhibition of Rivera's cubist work) words" (Tribune?, 31 Mar B9) • "If their gravity had been half of ours, twice Qf ours, they would have been structurally Idioms completely different" (Rooio Smithsoni6n, 5 Jul 89) "You've been breaking belter than even" (Alfred Hitchcock Hour, "Three wives too many") "It was more than last year" (Karen l; for "more than a year llI})") • ...600 there will be hell to pay, if hell hasn't been p6id alrBlldy" (Stephen King, TheOtJrkH,,/f, A: How did you ~ecognize my voice, darling? 390) B: I oon't know ... unless It's because there hasn't been a day pass In those four years that I haven't Time will tell. (Only) time will tell. thought of you. (Apt 3-0; There hesn't been a day X A day hesn't passed; but why PJSS?) *Time tells/told. ( *On ly) the C6t !JIt out of the bag. word formation ..•... "A sold mochine for tickets" (sign on ticket-vending mochlne, NaritaAirport station) I'll be right there: (= I'll be there right away, or something soch; also, what is right BWtJy?) "Oun-hunting prohibited area" (sign, Inuyama?) ., threw 6 temper t6ntrum 6n' then Mom threw one right bock 6t me'" ~~nllls the Menoce, feb II Written langull!Jll 8!1) • . ' h "There are no Ed Koch~, Mario Cuomos, or Richard Daleys here to slug it out" (NYT, 16 Apr 89) Lexical semantics illinois' (pronounced lIS S would be, but only apostrophe written) sit on/in a chair You're In/*on seat 013. Punctuation "Robert Woloors-the handsome Dutch wlrnwer of the f6bulously wealthy film star Merle "New York ex-transit offici61" (NYT, 29 Jan 84) Oberon ..." (Parlrll, 26 Feb 89)'. • ~ 6ermon "RAIN LIKELY. W6rm, 6 40 percent ch6nce of r6in. High in tbe 80s" (Sun- Times, 80s) "ein Zugestiindnis oor Sowjetunion an China" (Fr. Allg., 8 Mar 89; is that word order required, so Les: Bringing these binoculars to the concert was a great Idea, Funkyl They make the figures on the that the genitive NP will be oojacent to the he!Kl N?) big TV screen seem real close. Funky: Y611h,it's 61most like being here. (Funky Winkerbean, 80s) "In oon Regenswiiloorn Hawaiis wuroon 1m Jahre 1987 insgesamt 1,9 Millionen Char lie: Did you ever steal apples from a neighbor's tree when you were young? Marlhuanapflanzen vernlchtet. In Kalifornlen waren ~ im selbenJahr 200,000 Pflanzen· (Fr. Linus: I'm just 6 kid ... I'm not young yet. (P611nuts, 80s) Allg., 8 M6r 89) "R Iduzione per due planoforti" ( Italian edit ion of 2 - piano transcription of Weber works ..... weil ich meinem Bruoor Klaus nicht Ins Oehegekommen uoo weil ich 00n Tod meines Vaters origin611y for one pl6no 4-h6OO5; the 'riduzione' cl6llrly cont6ins more notes than the origin6l) 6bw6rten wollte" (RNR Golo M6nn, quoted in Fr. Allg., 25 Mar 89; RNR) There were frequent quarrels between/among members of the board. ( be/ween means quarrels Wie oor Historiker lord Mocaulay (ein CambrldJe-Mann) geschrleben hat, ·halte CambridJe die etlCh with two 6dversaries; "mung takes In qU6rrels with more th6n two p6rticip6nts, maybe even • Ehre, jene ruhmvollen protestantischen BischOfe auszubilOOn, die Oxford die Ehre h6tte, zu the whole board quarreling) verbrennen". (Fr. Allg., 25 Mar 89; translation from English, with word order altered to put "Over time, ferret took on the m611ning'to drive out; expel" (All that Z6ZZ, 25 Jan 89; that's finite V in 2nd position; would such an alteration of word order be excluded In a direct quote from ferre/ovl, not *ferre/y). Oermanf) "J06n is 6 beautiful dancer" not quite = "Joen oonces beautifully". in view of ..... bel Spiit6ussiedlern, die Immer eiliger Ihre Herkunftsliinder verlllSSell, je intenslver in der ?Itzhak Perlman is a beautiful violinist. BunOOsrepublik Uber ine kUnftige Begrenzung 00s Zuzugs gereoot werOO" (Fr. Allg., 25 Mar 89; ??Cezanne wes 6 beoutiful p6inter. rel6tiviz6tion into comp6rative-condit ionaJ) 5electionol restrictions Jopanese "The fBOOral government is immune from such suits" (Reaoor , 6 Jan 89) ...nanzyuunen mo moo hulta yuki ya ame... "Snow and rain that hoo fallen decades before" (TV "When practice refuses to make perfect" (NYT Arts he!Klline 17 Dec 89) segment on water from Mt. Fuj I, 8 Apr 89) l'H~"/1..2..91/' V.:L toindiC6tenon-p616t6IiZlltion? ~---.)

"[siroi hana]kazari no boosi no musume" (title on painting, Gallery of Contemporary Art, Tokyo;

"girl"[Yokohamain hat decoratedkara 40pun]withken"",h(00ite forl~~real-eslateb') magazine) "Netabako ya aruki-nagara!lQ tabako wa go-enryo kudasai" (sign in Ryokan) lelaleelo (=tele-a-lele; why is only one lei long?) "huraingu doriimu" ("Flying dream", title of exhibit at Nagoya Design fair; only one Iii in first word)

marason"Harason =kinsi"jOfJ.ling?)(sign with English version "Don't run on the pebbls [sic]", Imperial Palace; does "TOOKYOO,Saitama ryoo,token,., " (cheek other possibilities of to/doo/hu/ken) "Naze 'Yamanaka' no kubi 0 kitte 'Kokura' wa kirenai ka" (00 for Syuukan Sinko, Sept 89) Polish Ham jedne dudy. 'I have one (set of) bagpipes' ( dlloY is plural). Hem dwie dudy. •

Pendereeki";"...na zamowienelinerElzbietyQS(lnotes, "tOgeniuszi krzysztof~Knapflitecord)Pendereekichgpl"'" ("on a commission of E and K Spanish "No tenemos con que comparar los" (La Historia Oncial, 2380') "No tengo un sit io donde ir" ( 6 Apr 89) \ "No se adonde ir; no tengo donde" (Vargas l1osa, t'Ouien mtJtrJtJptJlomino t1olero?, '04) \

"No reeuerdo absolutamente n!lla" (Le Corone Negre)

antirrumanos (SJ newspaper, 19 June 89)

"Ahora es cuando" (Vargas l1osa, t'OuitJn mtJtotJPtJlomil7Ot1olero?, 60) "Le juro que no he visto a un hombre tan templOOo de nooie como el a usted" (Vargas l1osa, t'Ouitfn mtJtrJtJP(Jlominot1olero?, 79; 'gapped' than-clause) "Olfateando el papel (como un sabueso la mesa)..." (Vargas Llosa, d)lIien metrJ e Pelomino '; t1olero?,85) ", "Y necesita un hombre para que la proteja" (Yesenie, I Dee 89) " , "ese hembr6n" (Vargas l1osa, t'Ouien mtJtritJP(Jlomi".t1o!ero? tH'

"Do riot stend between cors at llny time / En ningun tm!fI'lento permlln= de phi entre !os carros" ", .. (sign in CTA; Spanish suggesls thet you should sit while ydU'~~riding belween lhe cars) "Prevencion esta alrededor de la esquina" (eTA 00, Spllnish version of "Prevention is just llround the corner" ; wrong sense of "around") " , ~ ~

i Lt

11 December 17, 1989 1994 linguistic flea circus to e suburbanite) Yet another annual harve5t of examples thllt 1hllVerClll. overhenrd, or concocted. or which hllVe . ·Andwhile eothoni may appllllr the more 'serious' performer, he has Norris! to thank for being been passed on to me by friends (those to whom I am inOObtedthis time around are E. Wayles first. tISnewly minted festival organizers put their first confereej on an exhausting performance Drownalll llI1dPtrtar Danlal:s), dl:s\rlbutlld to ml:lQlllllf1lllJU3fellow dtrtll-ftrtl:ml:s\:s that lelthar schedule thllt neerly destroyed Norris( (Tribune, 25 July 91) remember to send it to or happen to run into while 1have copies at hand. Users of this compilation Choice of pronoun are welcome to maKelIrlYuse of it thllt they ClII1thinK of mal;log. - -Jim McCawley •....but Weil emphasizes thllt it WllSnot BourbaKi itself but its followers who perpetrated these crimes· (SciAm, June 94.34; ·Nicolas Bourbaki· Is the pseuoonym of a group of French "naphora mllthemllticiens) "This is not because no one is writing articles on these figures - they are - ...• (lamb, Mzw "Neither one of us ever has to sit through e movie we didn't want to see" (Dave, 4 Dec 94; meaning fIoriZ1Jl1$inthePhil ofSci, 5) evident from context is 'for no x amongus. x hIlShed to sit through a picture x didn't want to SfJe') "naphoric elements other then the most-discussed ones "HeIuKlfound a printed map of the United States that represented only the boundaries between .,., team from Underwllter World Singapore in SentllSllfailed to $We the mammal twice" (Straits them" (John Cage, quoted In South China Morning Post, 16 July 94) Times. I FOO92; refers to a whale that IuKlswum up a rivar) Crossover "...he compiled it single-handedly, aside from clerical rsssistllnce"(Signet Selected Writings of "Nietzsche WllSthen thirty-nine, IIndearlier thllt ye8r Richerd Wegner hed died. whomi hisi S8muelJohnson, intro., 7) admirers had been in the habit of calling l1elster" (Kaufmann, Nietzsche, 461) one: •.It is necessary to stay rNlay or to exert crelltive eets of distancy, as when IIboy JOKingly . Multiple Istl2nd per:lOn references treats his woodenhorse as if it were a racing one· (Goffman, Encounters, 108) "It's remote. but I wouldn't put anything past me· (Anderson, fl8rvest of Stars, 197; the speaker is sptJllking of a clone of himself) meaning•....my interpretiveIs controlling"position(Davidis notSouter,Q!lll thlltquotedtheinoriginlllintentNYTMagazine.is25controllinQ.Sept 94) but that the originlll Precyclic? ·The feet that 111m!lll!! lICCOuntsfor this no doubt. but 111mIIsoft touch, IInClISYmerK, for "I've never judged anylxxly by their lICCent,but'l hllVebeen" (BBC World Service, 19 feb 91; 8. Irandfathers· (Raymond Coffey, Sun- Times, 28

December 26, 1994 2 December 26, 1994 which I shall presenlly expleln" ( bool:quotM In Tweln, life on theffississippi, 406) (Tribune, 25 July 94) Brown: em of us he5 got to!PJashore. Cepteln: Very well, let it be you~lf. (Tweln, L im "' felt they overlooked the potentlel of AmerlCllllectresses, end Meryl Streep Is one of our most m theffississippi, 353) , Important" (Clint Eastwood,lpIted In NYTMegezine, 18 Sept 91) ·'Edltlng' wm IIcmcept he gresped only dimly, end thllt more by seeing whllt hlldhlIppenedto "' mo no less then twenty-three trips to NewYork during 1921 ... I elso mo ei\11teento himself end the other Purch8sed People than from eny theoreticalltnowlel9!" (Pool & WiIIll!IIIl!lOl'l, Weshlnglon mainly on Beltlmore Sun business, end one to Phillldelphla" (Menclten, ffy LifeM W611Arormd6Sttr, 205) Avthor8l1dEdl'tor,356) ·louis Jeenty did something this morning that some day oould seve the state welfare system "There hed been a carpenler's bench In the celler slnca my blP{hood,end presently I began to buy millions of mlll •..s end others see m lbneming to hjmself" (NYT, 30 Jen 94; noted by EWD) ·Novilisti of 18 JenU8r'{ reports on the !PJVernment'scampain egeinst three ird!perD!nt papers, !JlOd(Met'lCten,I1yLife6SAuthortools for It, end lifter e while8I1dEdl'ltr,I supplented283) It with another end better of my own construction" nemely Itselfl, OIobus,lIfld Ferel Tribune" (Redio Free Europe, 19J11n 94, noted by EWD) "When we were separated we exchenged jocose letters, end before the end of 1916 we were toying ·Then something sedentary for half an hour's rest: learning to use blqJing 8JIipment, learning to with a plan to meleee bool:of them. Most of his to me have been lost, but a large number of mine to know when it wes beingusMon themselves" (Pool, ThefbJl Wtr, 94) him were lent to me by hlswlmw efter his deeth In 1910 ..." (Hencken,I1yLift!6SAuthorl1flfl ·They live in a desi\Jl8f' house with walls coverM by 'importent' paintings, end their friends are Editor, 227) m Wll8lthylISthemelves" (Ebert, Sun- Times, 23 Sept 91) · was Incensed et what he vlewM as the snobbery end anti-semitism that mllde Mrs. Miller: Andhe loves you end elweys has. lily: Never enDUljItoslop drinking for. (O'Neill, Ven Doren e prlnca end Il1.IJmJ! e foil or fool" (Tribune movies, 16 Sept 91) .. M, Wildr/1f1$$1, 30) •... I told Drelser of that OOcislonend elsosent him e carbon of thechllpler on himself" (Mencltan, "Reme Reltll, In the copilot seat, was busy with e notebook, [sttdtlngwhet end wrltlng whet) HlIb tfyLife6SAuthor8l1dEditor, 163) did not went to Imeglne" (POOl, Tllt!fbJl Wtr, 221) ·OnSeptember 20, 1909, I wrole to him protesting egeinst the tone of en edltorlel on "Marry, sir, , carried Mistress Silvie the 00gyou bade me 8" ( Two &Ill Yert»8 IV.iv.15; " • spirltuelism, obviously written by himself" ( Mencken, I1y Lim 6SAuthor 8I1dEditor, 125-6) carry (to) her) "Andbeing wild, It appeals to you. Bueno, I confess it does to me 11190"(Ander!lOl'l,Htrvest of SfIn, ~If("HeWllSegh8st(NYT,etletters,how shei20mNovl\11t91)react to lllUretle Teylor's devllSllItlngportrelt of, patently, 191; PseuIb-gepplno?) "Even If It cost lois her life-both of them their lives-he didn't ml!110to give up the ring" (King, "X Sl.lldthere WIISIIcommunlcetlon problem between Welker end himself" (US CIlbleNews, Jen Imanni6, 653) , 94) "Iessumed wrong" (Ebert, 7 Oct 91; 1; cf. I guessed/*surmlsedl??supposed wrong) ·He wrote e concerto specifically for performence by his sister end himself" (C50 brDllblst, 16 "We heven't hedmenv~s for It, but we h6vehlld6ne for It" (Norm PelllllTlnl, Mldnlltlt Jen 94) Speclel, 15Jen 91) •... e poliee detective posing lISe Jepenese businessmen esked her to provide call girls for himself Control end others" (Sun- Times, 12 Dee 91) "Unlike most seles, this one comes eerly llIlOUfjltowear whet you buy this season" (lend's End ·When we perted 1l}lV8him e bottle of Durgulllt( end he pressed me to mllkeen Immediate visit to commen:lel, July 91) himself end his wife et Castle Hill.." (Menclten,I1yLife6SAuthor8l1dEdittr, 357) "lllZUrl was not dllll,JlOgedeerly llIlOUfjltocure her case" (WFMT News, 26 Sept 9"1) Y'-deletion Anephorlc Islands Emma: I wonder which she will think the handsomest. Henry or John? "Then pretty soon Sherburn sort of IlIUghed;not the pleesent kind ", but the kind thet maleesyoo Hr. WlXXIhouse:Ave, I wonder which she will. (Austen, Emmll, 105) feel like when you ereeetino brwt thllt's!PJ\ Sl.lndIn It" (Htdleberryf'inn, 767; 8 • of 1_) Herriet: I dare SB'/ she was very much atts:hed to him. Emma: Perhllps she miltlt. (Austen, Emmll, 271) Islands "But, Mr Knl\11l1ey,are you perfectly sure thet she he5l1bsolulely end mwnrl\11t cUl!Ptathlm. • Conlplex NP constrelnt I oouldsuppose she mlltlt In time - but can she elreedy 8?" (Austen, Emmll, 131; 8 •• heve "Such are the fllUltsof thllt wonderful performence, PtrtJdi3IJ Lmt; which he who CllIlput 8 In sxepted him?) blIll1nC8with Its bllllutles must be considered not as nlca but lISdull ..." (Sipt SeltIClt!d WrJ'lil1f!8of "This dumb brOld WIIStryln' to tell you'd chenged, but you eln't e demned bit" (O'Neill, Tilt! 1ct!f111!f1 S6mV6I&bhmrn, 368-9) tlJmeth, 608), . Caordlnete structure constrelnt Informetlon thet they oould heve !'ltten but (?they) didn't "Whet's the worst thing you'velble to your hlIndphoneend It survived?" ( Motorole lid, Strelts A: eo home. B: Youcan't maleeme ". (Is this V'-del?) Times, 2 Feb 94) "YetthrOl.lQhhis computers end his communlcetlon lines, e slnole ~ WllSstlll eble to rule It, "Hecemewlth Mrs Weston, to whom end to Highbury he seemed to teke verycordlelly" (Austen, keep Itto;Jether, steve off Its foes, set It reaching for tha sters. Howmldllonger oould he?" Emmll, 208) (Anderson, Htrvt!St of Sttr$, 34) "Whet I'd went WIISsome tremp I oould be myselfwlth without being lIShemed-someone I oould tell "Correct-which told us thet the call hed been Intercepted. If It hUI't, we hed ellerOlltive pIn In e dirty joke to end she'd 1_" (O'Neill, Tilt! 1ct!f111!f1tlJm~th, 696) hend" (Hogen, tfultip/eKffllf1, 362) "<8urllngton hIlS>e peld fire department," thing which the greet city of NewOrleens Is without, I don't know whllt to believe end whllt not to. *...what not. but stili employs thet relic of entl",lty, the Independent system" (Tw"ln, Lifeon theffississippl, 1? whet to not believe. *...whet to not. 561) . "Hard lISIt mey be to Imeglne, muslclllOSIn church ere supposed to pley or sing for the glory of "It Is not whet is known lISe populer mllglJZlne;It hesn't e circulation of 1,000,000 IImonth, end eod, not the pleesure of the COIIglegetlon (whom people IncrelISlngly slip end ClIJI'the eudlera')· it never wlll have" (Menclten,I1yLifeasAuthor8l1dEdlltr, 111; meln hmJ tr8llted lISlIUxlllary) (M Iss Menners, 4 Nov94) A: What'd you bring us tomatoes for? We've still got plenty from Jersey end the Island. other B: In IIlX1Upleof weelcsyou won't have. (PoIlI, tlJmingofthetklt1ntum CBts, 284) "The first s:t, we were rllld{ to !Jl home efter" (Peter 0, 20 Nov94) Miscellaneous empsls "It's not the kind of OOisyootrold live by melclngbook on, but we'lIlllllY them" (ArQ!rson, A: It doesn't make mldl sense. B: It doesn't meleemuch to me either. (TV, FOO94) Htrvest of St8rS, 193) "Oothonlnever pl~ In another plano com·petltlonlifter winning the first he enterM at ege 6" "What did you heve In mind doing 8?" (Miss Menners lecture, 13 Oct 94)

3 December 26, 1994 4 December 26, 1994 "Andhopefully the spouse he breaks the agreement to visit will still be alive when he comes to •... he watched the replay of Dom's face, speaking in Dam's voice the words I could not believe Dam trilll" (King, InsomnilJ, 97; llCtullllyrefers to on llgreement not to visit the spouse; evident would ever 5r1f. Andneither could JIlCkKennelty· (PoIlI, CDmil1{/oitht1 tllIlJntum C6ts, 144; In meaning is: he breaks that agreement, in order to visit her) context, S has to be ·believe Domwould ever Sftf ·) Surface constraints "Routine actions like cleaning one's teeth are treated by Polish syntax as just/*S as simple and •... Candid1 has been downsized, upslzed, reerranged and rewritten so many times that no definitive version exists, llodprobllbly never will now thllt Its composer IlOdlibrettists ere delld" ordinary194; asfIlS/as,II:!direct*asbodilyas) events such II:!opening onc's cycs" (Wicrzbicka, Si:mmtic:JD;rJrlJl11mllf",. ( lyric Opera progrem, Dee 94) It's unfair of you to request X. It's unfair to the ClIOOidllteto request X. * of you to the candidate to request x. . rumored··Nomlljor (Sun-protestsTimes,greeted14 theDeefilm94; stllrrlngas = that Mlchllllimajor projects00ug1ll5wouendIdOemlgreetMoore,the film)115hed been * to the cendldllte of you to request X.(2 p'sln semontlc structure, on A' hll5room for ·Everyone seid you couldn't do llnything with IIzebrll. I thought you could· (enlmel trlliner quoted only one) in 15 Dee 94 Tribune; B c: do something with a zebra) Double -log ·Tom hed no hendkerchlef,llnd he lookedupon boys who hed B,ll5 snobs· (Twllln, Tom StJwyr, 37; "She wes the first to ennounce It to Mr Knightley; and exclaimed es much es wes necessary, (or, B = a henc:l:erchlef) being llCllngIIpllrt, perhllps rllther more,) IIIthe conduct of the Churchllls, in keeping him llWrt{" "Youmllkelln excellent point. However, not 1111people lire wllJing to llOSWerquestionsllSl blue wheles, the lergest creelure on eerth· (BBC World TOIJChof/IJePoel, 209; Irish speaker) Service, 12 fOO94) Pied piping "The book's hero, KIIOZI,1511bonobo, more commonly known Il5the pygmy chimpl1028e"(NYT ·1fail to see EIgllinstwhat the rebellion-as whose cause Jesus hes been understood or Books, 11 Dee 94; prediCllte N identified with generic NP) misunderstood-mfto{ have been directed ...• (Nietzsche, An/ichrist 27, quoted by K8Ufmllnn) "Wesn't the classic 1957 Chevy, even the steering wheel end dashboard of which were a bright "Grewe seld the boy appeered to fit the typical hacker profile: a 15- to 20-year-old male, many cherry, the quintessentilll red ClIr?" (NYTBool

5 December 26, 1994 6 December 26, 1994 this alia bluff and had' better quit?· (Dreiser. quoted in Mencken,I1yL/leasAuIIJtrIJl1dEdlllY', •... and when he find!!fault, It Is with evident reluctance end restraint, excepting where motlVlll 112) purely patriotic urge him to stete roundly what It Is for the benefit of his country e should be •... part- and full-time reslOOnts· (WFMT commercllll, Dee 94) known· (Mrs. Trollope, quoted In Twain, Lilem II1e/'fississippi, 602) Category Identity of canJuncts . ." soft drink end IIcouple of Twinkles dldn·t mllkeIImeel, but at leest they Informed my stoma ., W8Iltto ... di!llXlVef'what Iiljlt this sheds 00 both historlC81 and !lIlClo-linguistics· (applicant·s my Intentions were CJllXf"(Pool, Cbming of/he tNt1nlum Cltls, 106) per:DRI1 :statement, Jm 9") ·He turns on his ex-wife Tonye Herding, Implicating she WllSIn on the whole delll· (Wl5 teeser, I "All we want is to pllSSout and C}!tdrunk and lllilUe peace'" (O"Neill, The/cem6f1Cbmelll, 691) Feb 94, noted by PO) •... and the cer ruered into an ilIegel U-turn and lIWey"(Pool, TIJe{lx/1 Wr, 6) ·Olven my clout llScolumnist does not extend to demanding DNAtesting of dell! presidents, I "Be sure to browse in X for exquisite decorative and gift ideas" (WFMTcommercllll, but It contained ceffelne enotJI1lto woml'll'lonthe left, with her heed bowedreverently, choose the appropriate lnJrse· (Artlnslltute shock his nervous system lIWllke·(Pohillc Williamson, Wa/lArtJundtJSlr, 10) caption, Aug 94) ·FBI employees who engege In sexual hllrllSSfllentwill fa losing their jobs· (WFMTNews, 10 Aug ·look at T1ffenyco:z.( up toAeron HIIlI· (luenn, 22 Sept 94) 94) "We love that you took the crew to dinner· (HlIger, 20 Nov94) ., have lov'd her ever since I ssw her, end stili I see her be8utlful· ( Two&nl Yertm 11.1.63-4) Extreposltlon ·Wewould like him to resign, end for 1I new seerch process totllke pl8e8· (Oellf activist quoted In NYTMllg8Zlne,28 Aug94; conjoining of complements with end withoutlirl history·"Well, Miss(O'Nelll,Melllltf,A Ta-doflheP4I'1,this Is tiresome of225;me toIIIis,stendnothereit) giving you 1I discourse on Herford femlly "lmt wfl!'k's Illinois Commerce Commission ruling that forbids cmtmonweelth Edison from ·There·re things CJllngon 1000't ul1derstendl· (POOlllcWllIIllIJlson, Wal/ArotIf1daSlr, 56) collecting Its ChIC8lJlfranchise tax from suburban customers corrects along-standing Inequity· P-deletlon ( Sun- Times edltorllll, 12 Sept 94) . •... the whole country selto work to discover the CllUSeSwhy Cllpteln Hell hed visited the United Stales, endwt'o/ he hlldpublished his book· (Mrs. Trollops, quoted In TWllln, Lifam lhe "I'm I'llng up and chllflC}!my dress, Mother" (O"NeIll, A TotA:ItoIll1t! PMI, 197) tfiS5/'ssipP/; 601; current English would hllve ·..theCllUS8S!Ifwt'o/...' or •...the nmons wt'o/...') "8utl'll bet you tlnk yuh're I'lln' out and land a job, too· (O'NeIll, The Icem6f1Cbmelll, 662) 'Whet I becl'lmeconvinced Is thet <5>·(C. Rosen, 2 Nov94) CompI.ent lzer -delet Ion Reduced •... if he IJlts de HotSe8tl won't CJllnto no mournln'!", Notllfter his trow In' Illn my fa I'm II •... he seemed watching her Intently ...·; "Heseemed often observing her" (Austen, Emma, 323, pimp" (O'Neill, The /ct!fT16f1Q:mtflh, 683-1) 311) "Andyou're the!IUYwho kids himself he's through with the Movemantl· (O'NeIll, TI1t!Iceml1l7 "Nocredible person 5I!Nt the crimes oommllled or 5I!Nt Slmp9Ol'llltthe scene of the murder ...• (ClII"l Ctm1tflll, 666) Rowen, 31 Aug 94) ·Two wlrmws, so glazed with grime one C8flnotsee through them, ere In the left wall, looking out Switch-reference ceusetlve on IIbackyerd· ( O'Neill, TI1t!/ct!fT16f1Cbmtflh, 565) 'What exactly do you expect to have happen? (Tales from the Crypt)

7 December 26, 1994 8 December 26. 1994 Various constructions A; . B: He may well do. (BBC Wor Id Service, 24 Adverbs fOO94) "Kuhn has not much influenced the history of science; Popper has not much either" (Ron Giere, in Cleft and pseudo-cleft ClIl1ebaut, T11king the M1lurillislic Turn, 59) "Nobody likes to drive dlrllCtly behind them becllu:lC011you get I~ Slllt in your car· (Carol P, Dee But as linguists well know, languages change repidly. *1 well know that 1&ngU8IJlSchange repidly. 93) "Jespersen ( 1961), like Curme, quite liberally define:s apposition" (Meyer, ApflO5ilion in "I think that'~ why she ~till re:spect~you, becGuseIt WllSyOu left rer"; "He's 0 liar, Rockyllt WlIS ConlemporaryEnglish,2) . me locked him out!" (O'Neill, TheIceman Cometh, 635, 667) ·What they didn't know WllSthat Donaldson WllSforced into these tll:tics bealuse Deaver wouldn't "Don't be wlshln' him harm, for it's thirsty we'd be without him" (O'Neill, A TOtJChoflhePOfJt, let him properly question Reegan" (BBC World Service, 15 Mar) 235; Irish spealcer) "Prisoner rehabilitation isa joke, and a centuries-old one at that; but it hoo its serious uses, and "Be 000, U'syou can bate the world and never let it ch8ngeyou'" (O'Neill, A TouchofthePOfJt, one of them was to keep the prisoners busy. It didn't much matter at what" (Pohl, "My lll1y Green 230; Irish speaker) Sleeves", 125; "'II muchm611ers is * becGusemuch is a NPI, but "'llfTt!fJllym6Iters is * too) "I'm leaving with my two fists is when I'm leaving· (0. J. Simpson, quoted in South Chino Morning ·People sometimes looIcat my life and think this is all effortlessly done" (Meryl Streep quoted in Post, 27 June 94) NYT Mlll}lZine, 18 Sept 9"1; 11! effortlessly do all this) "You con olways come up with plouslble-soundlng numbers in a fellSibllity study, but in the "In no event can you long ",on as you have done, Mr. Guthrie· (Anderson, Harveslof S18I's, 395) worst -case scenario who will pay In the end are the taxpayers" (expert quoted in D~ 94 Reason) "Double crews were carried, so that all work could be quickly done" (Twoin, iI/eonlhe Comparative l1ississippI; 332) ·Tha hall of skunks like McComber Is thet after being with them ten minutes you become as big "like Dickens, to whom he hllS often been too facilely compared, he is a 'big' novelist ..." (NYT skunk~ lIS they ore" (O'Nem, Ah, WiltiJrl1lJS$!, 22) Books, 4 Sept 94; *They have often too facilely compared him with Dickens) "She [= Davenport IA] sends more children to her schools now, than her whole population numbered twenty-three years 0!Jl. (Twoin, Life on the l1iS5lS5ippi, 566) Mr. Butts: But then! think of the 50 million people who still smoke and how much they continue to -He was havlng!JlOd times now; for his boss, George Eeler, was as kind-hearted as Brown was n't •• needme... and that perks me right up. (Ooonesbury, 21 Mar 94) (Twoin, Liteon IhetflS5iS5ipPI; 3"17) •... there was still such an evil hanging over her in the hour of explanation with Harriet, as made John is 20 pounds heavier than Mary. Mary is 20 pounds I ighter than John . it impossible for Emma to be ever perfectly at ecse· (Austen, Emm6, 157) Mory Is 20 pounds less heavy thoo John. *John Is 20 pounds less light thon Mary. "But this memory was too much for the old 1ll1y, and she brolce entirely down· •... the tendency to "The surprising thing about Sharon lawrence is how much younger and slimmer she looIcs than lug in by the ears particularly prized words and phrll58S until they were worn entirely out· . Sylvio CostllS, Detective Andy Sipowicz's lady friend on ABC's 'NYPO Blue'· (Sun- Time5, 2 Aug (Twain, TomS8wyer, 101, 135) 94) "Well, he cried and toolcon so, that me andJim dioo't know hardly what to do, we WllSso sorry ...• "The bose we hod captured was stuffed fuller of !JlOdiesthon 0 Christmas stocking" (POOl, tDnil1fl (HucklelJerryFinn, 746) oflheOuanlumCaIs, 123) "MlKlllme President hOO!Jll clean away" (POOl, tDningoflheQutJl1lum 0it15, 193) "What I WllSmore thoo anything else WllSIn the way" (POOl, tDningoflheQutJl1lum Oitls, 2•• 1) •( told you before to let the paint dry before switching the fan back on'· (Beattie Blvd., 28 July Tom Is as!JlOdelawyer as 8111(Is). *Tom Is as!JlOd a lawyer as BII1 end Joan are . 9"1) ?? 8 ill and Joan. "Search Back On for Couple Missing 24 Years· (Sun- Times headline, 4Aug 94) ?B III and Joan are as !JlOdlawyers as Fred and Nancy are. ·You know, you guys have snuck in and eaten all the desserts too a few times,! might remindya· * Tom(~ (Overboard, 28 July 94) "His delivery was quiet, though perhaps that made it the more eff~tive on these hearers" "Einstein's first wife was probably already pregnant again when they give up their iJlegitimate (Anderson, IIlIrvesl of SI",.5, 341 ; = that much more effective) daughter ,Lieserl, for adoption at the ageof a year end a half· (NYT BooIcs, 18 Sept 94) "Tha war ageinst the Jews was not as big box office as tha war itself" (NYT Arts, 6 Nov 94) ·Below them, the Civic Center began to wheel sickeningly around ...• (King, Insomni6, 720) comparative Stripping ••... if you don't, I think you're ",Ing to pass right out on your feet ••(King, Insomnia, 537) "Where can I eat italian as fancy as French?" (l»i~ Nov 93, 77) Ambient il "The sharp nature of cabbage acts os 0 counterpoint to rich duck, just lIS cole slaw can to greosy "It is tha greatast absurdity - Actually snowing at this moment!" (Austen, Emma, 134; absenceof barbecue" (NYT Mag, 16 Jan 94) omblent 11) Comparative-conditional Auxiliary verbs "The selllocicer on board the Y8S8 did little to prot~t the sells during their centuries under " WllS0 man eminent for his skill in music, mony of his compositions being stlll water, but the condition of the cloth improved the deeper we went into the folded IllYers" to be found" (Signet SellXletI Writings of SemuelJohnson, 309; nonfinite form of is 10) (ScienlificAmerican FOO94, 10; notional comparative in 'epodosis') ·No, we should not have heard, if it hod not been for this particuhlr circumstonce, of her being to "The longer you woit, the .1m you will end up spending for llliD power" (South Chino Morning come here so soon· (Austen, Emma, 173) Post, 28 June 94; double comparative only in apc:msls?) The more noise 0 machine moke5 when I'm using It, probobly the more damageI'm doing to It. Only under these conditions can the clause not be passivlzed. (= only( not(can(...»» comparative congeners *Only under these conditions coo't the clouse be possivized. "So the figures suggest that women executives haross men in the Sllme proportion os men harllSS (Cf. "Can we not bring him next time?" (Overboard, 7 Oct 94), which is Q(can(not(...»» women" (Crichton, Oisclosure, quoted in 19 Jan 94 Sun- Times) Coo't this clause be passivized? "If she hadn't been so doomed good-if she hOOn'tbeen the Sllme kind of wife I was e husbl'lnd" Can this clause not be passivized? (? with notecan( » reading) (O'Neill, The Iceman Comelh, 698) I con no longer pay your bll1s. ( = no longer .• I can pay your bll1s) The curtain~ ore the Sllme color lIS the towels. Cut the meat the same same size as the vegetables. (= the same size the vegetables are, or •• the same size that you cut the vegetables) (O'Nei•...you II,didn'tThewantIcemanto giveComelh,me the689;SlltisfllCtionnon-tensedof mainshowingverbmeh8veI'd hodretained)the right dope. And I did hove'" "I would ot least strllce my spl'dllnto the earth with such careless freedom but accuracy as the "Ought IIbertarions consider themselves men of the Right?· (Liberty Jon 95. 10) woodpecker his bill Into 0 tree" (Thoreau, A WIJ8t••, 45; NB 3-port residue)

9 10 metalt~tsttc he Is. YoulemmeCtltch you fooling around thet schoolllgllln, you hear?· (HtdleberryFinn, 644; ·But this Is more tIdetective then ~Ience fictlm story by the llUthor previously of 'NeuromllllCer' means 'Don't let me ctJtchyou..:) llIld'Mmellse Overdrive'· (Tribune BooI::s,24 June 94) Contrastlye Y'-deletlon. Oapplnv. etc. tn comparative ·Thls ltl Honte WllSnot e 8eltlmorelll'l, but IIntJtlve of 8roo1clyn, nor WllShe 8 IleWsptJpermill, but ·She !JItsick of the others before they did of her· (O'NeIII, The Icem8f1ametll, 635) a lewyer·(Hencken, I1yLife6SAut1Jor8f1flEditIY,30) "There must hllve been something there he was even more sand to face thllll he Is Hick~ and me'· Nev8tlve pol •• lty (O'Neill, Thelcem8f1ametll, 685) . ·It's Impossible for shops IIleehis tollfford Insurance· (BBC World Service, Feb. 1194) Condtttonal ·Asklng the SlImequestloos recently, I found few NewYork-area girls who were CtI1mlIbout "Wellepest the White House lest week end you ran the risle of being yenleedInside to brief Bill enythlng· (Pley/Joy, Aug 94,150) Clintm on his upcoming trip to Europe· (Newsweelc, 17 Jen9", 2", noticed by P. Denlels) ·Nopool for me thtJt d!ly.Nochurch. NoS08IIIclngoff to wtltch the Cubs lJllfI1e.Noenythlng but DativlI celculetlng mwn payments and points and the pitfells In transferring e Torrens title· (Pool, ·1 relIlly love tJlIbies! I thinle I'll hlIve myself lInother one of them." (Jump Stert, 20 Jill 91) ()mingoftht1fNentum QJt.s;17) ImparativlI ·It was not long lIfterward thtJt he ever mentioned his differences with her to me, and then he was ·Let you stop now, Ftltherl" (O'Neill, A TotK:hoftmPoel, 243) very circumspect ..." (Mencken,l1ylifusAutlJormdEdiltr, 137) ·Let's US!JItoo, Tom· (Tweln, TMlSewyer, 106) ·Ulllmetely ,I know thtJt compenles rould CtJr8e hoot ebout the llltino marleet· (Nelly 08181,quoted Interrogative In NYTHlIlJllZlne,II Dee94) "What sort of looIclngmen Is Mr Martin?· (Austen, Emm8, 58) ·People trying to quit can try smoking fewer cigarettes, but soon they end up smoking Just as *1 OOn'tknow whtJt tomorrow to m. mlllY lISthey used to. Switching to 'low-tar: 'low-nicotine' cllJllrtlttes USUlIllymes llttle!Jl(Xl "What we have In these cases Is a speclellelnd of status symbol - e dlsldBntlflar - that the either· (authority quoted In 23 Dee 94 SUn-Times) Individual hopes will shatter 111otherwise coherent picture, tel1lng others not whtJthe Is but w!ltJt "Youmo't know stilt IIboutstilt· (Olbson, YirtU81Li¢1, 27") he Isn't quite· (&ffmen, El1CIJtJnters, 146; cf. *WhtJt Isn't he quite?) Negative relslng Rider: Theydidn't now I left IItllChyonreceiver mwn tit the tllmple. It.: I hope I won't hear lIlYscrtllIIIIs.8: I mo't guess you will (Mysterious Tr8veler: ·Hldeout·) Per tin: Score one for our sldel AndlIglIlnstthat, what mo't welenow? (Pool & WtIlllll'llllOll,WI/II ·Don't pretend to notice, eh? Andmo't you kids, you hear IAndd:Jn'(YOU,lIly." (O'Neill, Ah, ArotmdeSttr, 152) . WIIdJrI1tmI, 39; avldently means ·PrtJtend not to notice·) Fred's been behaving strllllQ8ly, 'hasn't the bastard. ...'hasn't he? *...'hasn't the bastard? "Your going tlWft( mesn't melcelt seem pdtnf more" (line uttered by lllUren Bacellin "Dsk Inverstons PlISSlIIJll-) ·BacIethe lIppolntment booIcwent Into his pocleet, end then he wes oW (Olll'lleslo, IJesaJrtl!S' Errtr', Hary: Have 8I1Othardrlnle yourself, If you wish, Cethleen. 191) CtJthleen:I OOn'tknow If I'd better, MII'lIm.(O'Neill, Lmg D6y'stbJrflt!Y, 17"; Irish spelIker) ·Then-andmly then-are the strips rushed to your delrycese· (Ooonesbury, 12 Jen 94; only the ·1mo't notice you've worn lIlYholes In the knees of your pents !JIlng to Hess· (O'Neill, Lmg Dty's [here perenthetlCtlJ) second cmJunct CrelIles thecondltloos for Inversion) &bJrmy, 759) ·Len unsaid was that the U.S. Figure S1ctltlngAssocilltlm, IIfederatlm within the USOC,wes olven HeglUye spreed1nv the ammunlt 1m by Its own Pll18l11week lI!JIto drop H8rdlng from the Olympics lIndplISSlldthe "We hIm't aver been this rich before, In neither of our lives· (HtdlfJlw'ryFinn, 699) buck· (LA Times story In China Post, 15 Feb 94) -A feller mo't have mly one chlInce for Sldle plle-lInd thtJt one's lost· ·They IIln't mly two ·1 was powerful gllldto get 1IW~from the feuds,llIld so WllSJim to IJIlt1IWft(from the SWllmp· taverns· (Twllln, TMI S6wyr, 166; context mlllcllSclear thtJt the mt Is pleonastic) ·81essyo' (HtdleberryFinn, 739; StJ without Y'-del) 9lIUl,Hlsto Wilson, It's pow'ful nice 0' you to St!/( dIlt, 'CtI'seone of 'em eln't on'y a nigger· "Well, you ClIOm me t1!J1(Xlturn, lIldsoCllO I you, If we see fit· (Twllln, Liftfm tml1iss/'ssippi, ( PlKif'nl1t!«l WIIB7, 925) 451) NOIIIlna1tZlltion ·Especlally In the United Sttltes Is his whole enterprise viewed with blllous fffe" (Mencken, ·U.S. sees rehellrlng Into !Jl'Y'Scommlsslm· (Tribune helIdllne, 31 Dee93) PrejtKiices 4.275) -I would tit least strllee my spade Into the eerth with Sldl careless frll8lbn but IICCUrllCYas the ·The nice pert about d!lyIs thtJtyou ClIOsee whtJtyou're mlng. The blIdpart Is thtJt so ClIO woodpeclcarhis bllllntOll tree" (Thoreau, A W_ .., 45) everybolt( else· (Dennis the Ml!IW:8,18 Sept 94) ·But chiefly for thy face end thy beh8vlor, Which If my eugury deceive me not, Witness pd ·So uneven were the CBSt'SperformllllC8Sthtlt towards the season's end, Hr. HlchlIels felt bringing up..." ( Twormt. Yt!rtm IY.lv.67) compelled to call a rare CBStmeetlng...• (NYTArts, 2 n:t 94) ·He's one of the recent commIsslonees by the ChICll!JlSymphony Orchestra· ( P. Morehead, WFMT, ·The Club's immedillte neighbors and fellow t8lllllltsare the 0110ThillrestllUrllOt, ... and Moe's Dell, 9 Oct 94) 811destined for the wrecldng ball and for none of which has anyone clllimed landmarle status· (R. ·Andsome sufferers from mlgrelne helIdIlches81soreport star slghtlngs as the he8dldle begins· Coffey, Sun-Times, 21 n:t 91) (Tribune, 10 Oct 9") . Hegetlan •... some 53 percent our murders ware committed by strangers to the victims· (R. Coffey, ·Not tIneon sign nickered; nor did IItrtlfflc light wink, 111elevtltor move, or IImotor hum, SUn-TlmllS,6 Dee 91) lIflWhere·(Hogen, OutofTime, 107) ·The life of one mtlO,nor or IIIbzen men, ClIOnotstand In my Wlf)'·(Mysterious Treveler, ·8ewn "The looking over his Itltter llgllln, In replying to It, hlIdsuch t1softenlng tendency, thtJt It WllS of tomorrow·) particularly necessary to brace her up with e few declslveexpressloos· (Austen, Emm8, 81); -At A: Hy eyes might look different next time. 8: NotwhtJt's behind them woo'\. ( TmBltdbotrd this moment, 111Ingenious and animtltlng susplclm entering Emma's brtlln with regard to JlI18 Jungle, movie) FalrfBlC,thlschermlng Mr Olxm, and the not !JIlngto Ireland, ..." ( 173); ·1 Ienew nothing of thtJt •... four men jlliled In England for IRAbombings they never commlted· (BBC, 10 Feb 91; *... they till this moment-but the cutting the finger ,nmy recommending aJUrt plllister, lIndSlIYlngI had didn't ever commit) none ebout me'" (335) ·Harrlet, who had been stllndlng In no unh!!pDVrevm=le, WllSyet very gllldto be CtIl1l1dfrom It· •... the most lucrtltlve [business) WllSthe enticing slaves to run 1IWft(from their masters, thtJt (Austen, Emm8, 398; ••a reverie which was not unhtJppy) they might sell them In 8I1Otherquarter· (booIcquoted In Tweln, Lifem thel1ississipp,; 405) ·I'lllellrn people to bring up tIboy to put on t1lrs over his own ftlther and let on to be better'n whtlt It.: Irll, myou mind these long, told wtllks to school?

II December 26, 1994 12 December 26, 1994 B: No.It·s the fin611ygelting there th6tl can't st6oo. (Miss Peach, 28 Oct 94) "It looks as if here's whet Goddid" (Lila 61eitman,lSA Presidential Address, 7 Jen 94) Parentheticel "Outof the subwllYIIndInto the Polo Grounds pour fllll$by the thouSllnds"(PBS "Basebll1J"7) ·They song together once more, 60d Emmewould then resign her pia to Miss F6irf6X. whose performance, both voasl and instrumentlli. she never could lIltemptto COI1CtlIIfrom her:lCIf, WllS "In he wlliked, the first end the hendsomest; and lifter PlIYinghis compliments en pllSSllntto Miss infinitely superior to her own" (Austen. Emma, 235) Bates end her niece, mlldehis way directly to the opposite side of the circle, where set Miss ·Instea:l, then, of starting with the notion of IIdefinition of the :5itulllionwe mu:lt :ltllrt with the WlXdIouse· (Austen. Emm8, 229) idea thet a perlicu ler definit ion is in cherg1 of the situation, ...• (Goffman. Encounters, 133) ..... passing by an oldcemelery where we were told lie the ashes of an early pirete ...• (Twain, Lilil on tile f1ississipp;, 486) . challenger,"Hemight even.DowntheyClarkStr'f,Netsch·come up(Raymondwith IItllXCoffey,increuseSun-IlIrgerTimes,than3 Novthllt94)proposed by his Democrlllic Raising "Heglides PIISt.without comment, the fllCtthllt Charles cuckolded IIfriend of longstending...... ·Animllis wl11also be bllnnedfrom being used in rllCingor lISprizes,lICCOrding to the bill· (China (Tribune Books, II Dee 94) . Post, 6 May 94) Passive ·He makes IIpersonlliinspection of the pia where Is IISked,sees whllt is necesslll'y to be •... and suddenly I was le6ped upon by a wild · ( ttysteriO//S Trove/er, ·Behind the locked OOne,end then. hevlng two boats chartered, with flats, sends them promptly to the pia ...• ( 1882 lblr·) newspcper. quoted in Twain, iifeon tllfJtfississippi, 502) " would be S6Ved15 billion mllars 6ye6r· "Thecartoons will continue to be drown by two cartoonists Ketcham h8Shired" (Sun- Times, 24 (BBCWorldService. Feb. 1494) Oct 94) ·He hlldbeen silting with her, it appeared, most comp6nion6blyat home, till her usuel hour of ·The feet thet so meny would-be diners therefore give up Is probebly whet has given rise to the exercise; llndon being desired to chuse their wlllk, immedilllely fixed on Highbury" (Austen. defelltist notion thlll the lettuce WllSnot intended to be 8lItenIInywllY"(Miss MlInners, 13 Aug94) Emma, 208) ·Ifyou ... want to help pea be established in the middle e6St..... (BBC, 10 Feb 94) •... IIndshe WllSmlldesuch IIfuss with by every btrl(!.... (Austen, Emm~ 180); "Youw6nt to be FlIlher: I promise you ClIlvin will behllVehimself next time. petted end spoiled and mlldea fuss over, isn'lthet it?· (O'Neill, LongOoy'sJourney, 768) Babysitter: Anextre five would help there be a next time. (ClIlvin 60d Hobbes. 28 Oct 94) "But she WllSnot wented to speok" (Austen, Emm8, 99) Superlative "In all probability she WllSat this very lime waited for there" (Austen, Emma, 'I'll) ·Indeed. whet is it ebout Cyr8l1O thet h8Sm~ it the most performed of all French plays - more "But you'II never be let see him'" (O'Neill, A TOIJC!lofthePoet, 249) even thllRMollere'scomic mllslerpieces?· ( Tile WlTld6lldl, Aug 90, 1.63) "The hand horn was still being wrilten for by Brahms" (e. Williams. WFMT,4 sept 94) ·the le6St knowledgeableof any president I've ever met· (TIp O'Neill description of Roneld RllllgllIl, "If it weren't for the lIIinois lemon IlIW.he would hllVebeen more tllken lIdvllntllgeof" (Cerol P, 26 quoted In 6 JlIn 94 Boston Globe) July 94) ·Brussels WllSthe most receptive city of all to Faun\'s music· (Nectoux, IJ8tJrie/ Faure. 276) "Ylrtulllly no fllClIities wlll be closed IIndno lines ere plenned to be elimlnllted" (SlIntll Fe RlIlIrOlld ·Plnewood IIndShepperton studios, which hllVebeen struggling for the PIIStdeclIde,now SlIYthey chelrman, quoted in 14 Oct Sun- Times) ere the busiest they have been for II years· (South China Morning Post, 12 July 94) Ther.,..insertion "Ib~useshouldhishllVeportableexpectedphoneit efterkeptseeinglJllngoff... O.InJ. theSimpson'scourtroom·lowyer(Royko,being glared18 Novlit94)byJuO;Je lllnce Ito •... there wouldn't nothing lJl wrong ageln for a week- ( Huck/eberry Finn. 728) .•...so mllnythings thet lire helped mllke possible by your contributions" (WFMT, IS Nov94) ·Well, hlIngIt 1111,you did dr8lllll It, lleCllusethere dldo'tllny of It hllppen" ( Huck/ebt!rry Finn, "Heexpands it so the second part ofthe mellXtfwill have been modulated to· (C. Rosen, 30 Nov94) 708) ·ActUlllly,whlll the chimps were re6l1y doing WIISmore Interesting then whllt they were ch~tmedto "Huck, they couldo'tlInyblXtf get you to tell, could they?" (Twllin, Tom S6wyer, 143; they = be mlng· (Pinker, TheL8IJgtJI!)1/nstinct, 338; ??X claimed the chimps to be ming Y) standard there; cf. 20 I: •...but there's e mighty short cut thet they don't anybtrl( but me know "I shere the writer's concern thet children not be held ClIptivefor lIdverlisers. But she is peinfully lIbout·, where they IInd there both occur) naive If she believes thet children are not alr8lrl{ being lIdvertised to in public schools· (Liberty ·For the first time In history, there begins to show itself the feint shadowof a hope that, If alllJl8S JlIn 95. 7) well, lemership in theerts, and especillily in 1111theert of letters, mllYeventulllly trensfer it:lClf ·Todete, the only presidents who heve served longenough to be prevented a third term heve been from the eastern shore of the Atlentic to the western shore" (Mencken, PrejlKiices 4.282) Eisenhower end Reaglln,Republicens both" (liberty Jlln 95, 9; *The 2200 IImendmentprevented ·Dld there come Into your possession 1I100Jerbelonging to AngeloMorino?" "Didthere come II Eisenhower end Reagane third term) point during the lenardl Investigation when you discovered X?" (NYPDBlue, II Oct 94) "'nformation gathered efter the event cen hardly be argued relevant· (prosecutor quoted In 19 Dec "My interpretlltlon of this phenomenon is that in the IIbsenceof on-line Input from the missing 94 Tribune; *They ergued that informetion relevant) 11mb,there prevails the on-I ina Input from a dlsposit lonel representetion of thet limb· (DamllSlo, IJesarrtes' Error, 152) ·People165) produce more then they Use-lit 18lISlthey Clln,if they're let 8" (HDglIn,ttu/tip/ex ttM, Tough-lite constructions ·It·s lJ)odcountry for hiding out from the IlIWin too· ( ttysterious Trm'J/er, ·Killer come home·) ·They went In; and while the sleek, well-lied parcels of 'Men's Beevers' end 'York Ten' were ·The dellcecy of her mind throughout the whole engagemant. my deer medem, is much beyond my power ofmlngjustlce to· (Austen, Emml1, 425) bringing..:. (Austen,downEmma,IInddisplllYlngon211 ; moderntheEnglish:counter,...werehe SlIldbeing- 'ButbroughtI begyourdownperdon,60d displayedMiss ...Woodhouse:); "Thecold. ·Roy Is a very uncomfortable person to be around· (wife of abortion opponent, QUOtedIn 30 Oct 94 repllsl WllSover, end the party were tO!1Jout once more ... perhllps get lISfar lISthe clover, which NYT M8!JlIZlne) WllSto begin cutting on the morrow, ...• (356) "Andhow could she beer such behaviour!... to look "I only hope and pray thet you livelong enough to get even with· (·TlIke me home ageln·, NBC) on, while rep8llted lIltentions were offering to lIOOtherwomen..... (366) "Wldespr8lld, Instllnteneous communlCllllons.AndIlllllrly Invisible to use" (Don Crllbb softwcn ..... he had enough experience to m6ke him more or less useful In any other magazine office, end review, Sun- Times, 19 Dee 94) plenty of Jobs were offering lit the time ...• (Mencken, ttyLife6SAutlN:r6lldEditor, 49) Miscellaneous constructions Presentative ·Herels a town of twelve or thirteen thousllOdpopulation. with electric lighted streets, ...• "Myrise bid from the polltiCllI delldhIlSgiven people IIsense of hope thlll here's Mllrion Bnrry. (Twllin. iifem tllettississipp;, 570) who WllSinternationally embarrassing, abandonedby his friends. and he has come bllCkto be better -Howwould you feel If your local politicians gave the OKfor a rook quarry to start blasting owtl( thlln he WllSbefore he went down· (M. Barry. quoted in NYTMlIgllZine,II Sept 94) within 110 feet of your home and 300 feet of IIlittle league bellperk?· (R. Coffey. Sun- Times. 6

13 December 26, 1994 14 nprpmhpr?f, 1QQ£I Sept 94) (the one pelr l18!le" P, the other doesn't) "Whtlt's this 11m" thtlt you feel Whitt Spllrls Is stlllldng you?" (Apt. 30,8 Aug94) "We've heerd HlIrry pull thtlt bluff lIbout \lIking 8 welk lIVeryblrttmy he's 1m for twenty yeers" "YouC80 heve IIIlllVIIIbese, Is whllt I'm SlIYlng"(OlIVeBlII"ryInterview, RelISOfl,Dee 94) (O'Nelll, The Iceml1f1 a:me/h, 639) "V5flm... directs this beIlchcomedylIbout1I1«me1ymorlll5f coquette..." (Tribune, I Nov9-1) "The singers who plltf the PI81ds... bolIStvoices lIScrlllllllYlISthe wllll:llng-ceke white tuxedo We'll !p shopping whether or not It rains. I dln't know whether (*or not) It rained. jllCketsthey weer most of the performlll1C8"(Tribune, 19 (kt 94) "I peld her lid. , the first money I earned" (O'Neill, Tht! ICl!ffII1f1 a:mefh, 695 = when I earned the Ctltegor 185 first money thllt I earned; "p + Telescoping?) rm very much lIShlImedof thtlt. "rm very much sorry lIbout thlll.. "Since we're different religions we'll probllbly hllVeto get married outside the church" (Crock, 11 "Herriet, she found, hed never In her life been within side the Vicarage" (Austen, Emma, 108) Nov 94) not very long I9l Structure of NPs "Surgery requires lIClsunberomino a suroeon, just as mothering requires lIClsthat ere "Asthe eese of lICQUlrlngMediceld increeses or MediceldplI'(menls become more generous, ~ ~ receive substlll1t1almy-do-my help from their children" (economists quoted In RI!llm7, Heunm8terOllI"cleaned a different(Ooffmlll1,roomEf1CO(/nters,wlthl*uslng134;eaCh[A' Amop.NP]?) Feb94, 12) , This Is the mop with I·uslng which I cleened up the mess. "But she C8Ilbe ewfully funny, lII1dWinger ... trlll1Sforms her Into 8 werm vessel of life force until "I would not have any one fOlpt my modeof JIving on eny IICCOUnt;for, beside [that before he has elmostthe end" (Boston Globe, 7 JlII'I94) . fllirly leerned It I mllYhllVefoundout IlllOlherfor myself], I desire thlll there mllYbe lISmllllV different persons In the world as follows..." (Thoreeu, W81l87,378) (Menckan,"Show me 100PrtlJiKlicesheed of ordinary4.141) children who are worth one 'Hearl of Darkness; lII1dI'll subsldll" "I knew thtlt 811SllVe8 forlorn few of them were trying to work him to their own llOds,lII1dI Sllid Hedidn't doa whole hell of a lot. Hedidn't do a whole lot. Thlll.'s8 (·whole) hell of a\PXl book. so" (Menclcen,l1ytifeasAuthor8f1dEditor, 223; few as N?) Youneed lots (*of) more (*of) exemples. Youneed lols of examples. "Oneof the most surprising things WllSthlll.we were meetlng""e pretty top people..." (Sen. Whodidn't bring how mllllVof whlll.? (cr. Who didn't bring how mllllV("of) ftPPles?) Muckowskl, lJJOtedIn 14 Dee 94 Sun-Times) "Amongfemele reeders lII1despeclelly writers, there Is no more SlICreda cow in ell of llterllturll NP 115 A' thllll 'little Women'" (NYTBooks, 25 Dee 9-1; = no cow more secred?) "He'll pretend he's foundsomething serious the metter beclIusethat's his brllllt end butter" Adverbial constituents of NP (O'Neill, LongD8y'so.bJrmy, 769) "Corder's dllIIthIn such a public mlll1nerstunned his femlly lII1dfriends, but they knew he WllSIn Prepositions emotlOOllItrouble" (Tribune, 13 Sept 94) "Indeed, the dlstlll'lCebetween m81nstrlllllllhistory of science lII1dthe philosophy of science Is "Seldom8 my p8SSedthtlt she WllSnot mentioned In the newspepers,lII1d seldom a week thtlt did not probably greeter then It has lIVerbeen, notwlthsl8ndlng thet meny historlllnS of science stili t81ce see her fllVorthe country with some new reveletlon, full oflnslde stuff" (Mencken, I1y tifus phllooophicel Issues seriously" (L. LmJdlln,Studi/!.5 in tIN!History & Phi/o$qJhy ofScif!f1Ct!20.9) Author8f1dEdiftr, 313) "... Huck was sore efreld that his ~e in the business mlttt leek out, yet, notwlthstendlng Injun Apposition Joe's fIIyht had SllVedhim the suffering of testifying In court" (Twain, TtKTI~, 148) I don't Wlll1tto gel In you ouys' wf1'l, (NB: not )'rJUf"guy5; shows youguys lso't lIJIPDSltion) Nouveaux pr6posltlons Heoffered two eroumanls: one lII'Iergument from Ignorence end the other circular. "People ettrlbuted this to the dollar's strenoth m:m other currenclllS" (South ChIOlIMorning "In the dlIlItof winter he and Henri dIlTonty, son of Lorenzo Tonty, who Invented the tontine, his Post, 30 June 94) lIeutllllllllt, stllrted down the IIllOOls,with a folllowing of elyhteen Indllll'lsb~t from New "More CherCJ8SVs. Bailey?" (Sun- Times heedllne, 3 Aug94) England, lII1dtwenty-three frenchmen" (Twain, Liff! M tllf1 tflssl"s$ippi, 235) "Youcould not hllVepredicted the changes thet occurred b898don e knowleO;jeof the Indlvlduel "Nomehit a record hl\tl MondByof 40-lIbove zero" (Tribune, 29 Dee 93; extrllJlO!llllonof species' sensitivity to wlll.ertemperllture" (zoologist quoted In Sci Am, Aug9-1, 18) "appositive" of -f(); cr. ·He visited the city IlIStweek of 8oston) "Olven most robberies using e h8nd;1uncarry sentences lIShltt as 20 lo 30 yeers, we figured we "OnDecember 14, 1600-the yeer Shekespeere wrote H8mlet, the yeer the first crude telescope could put a lot of guys ewllYfor 10 years or more" (undercover police agent quoted In NYT was Invented In the Netherlands-e SplInlsh merchlll1t118l1eoncelled S6n Di~J.. Slliled from MlII'IlIe Megszlne, 16 Sept 94) 88'(...• (N6l arv Aug 94, 36) P'II5A' "... she had not heard of Oeoroe lllkoff or Mark Johnson, a linguist lIIlda philosopher who h8ve "Youmust think one fIVehundred mlllion times more 8bove me than the other" (Austen, Emma, alrtalnly had the lnty' In their minds" (Damaslo, Desa1rIes' Errtr, 223) 397) Articles P' as object of P "BllICkwell.driven by an alcoholic Impulse rarely encountered In so normally lIbstemlous a mlll'l, "The bill did conteln ellst of exceptions, Including for meols lII1dentertllinment offered In II threw beck his second double bourbon ...• (StIlICklllY,Hunftr/Yictim, 23; = 8 [norm811y so lawmeker's home stete, end for gifts motlveted by 'personal friendship'" (China Post, 13 MlIY94) abstemious] mlll'l) "We ogreed to record for our prlvlll.e reference, Including In discussions like this" (Anderson, "We're seiling It 811over the world, lIIldmilking 0 nice {OW buckll for the blllllOOlof plIYments" Hrvvest ofSt8f's, 392) (POOl, TheCixJIW",.., 114) "SmIlJl, eclectic bllr, grelIl for before lII1dftfter Sox gnmes" (Sun- Times tllVern review, 9 Aug94) "... lII1dIt surpllSSedthe dollar four cents per share thtlt It eerned IlIStyeer-" (WFMT, Illkt 91) "Cheering for Charles was like rooting for the Columblellons, but Insleed of on a !Tldlron, this "For example, a ceterplllar, chrysalis, end butterfly are In a crucial sense the seme animal" contest WllSbeing plllYedout In TVstudlo" (NYYM8!JllZ1ne,21 Aug94) (Pinker, Tht!LIJI1(/tIIJfJtf Instinct, 422) Mr. Dithers: What's that C80ltfher doingon your desk? "...acoldJanuery could be offset by a warm December end February ..." (NYT, II Dee 94) OlJllWood:It's for If I get hulllJY. (Blondle, 4 Nov94) Extreposltlon of P' ..... it was not until toward the end olthe yellI"thell met her" (Mencken, I1y tifus Author 8f1d "l'dSllYthe chances are slim of ecet !pIng lodog heeven by mlstelce" (Heelhcliff, 10 Nov94) Editor, 142) "pUt the number killed eech year like this lII.severel thousllnd" (BBC World Service, Feb. zero 1494) He works (·In) downtown.( In blocked by 8?) 9Ipplna In NP The netiOOllIdebt Increases fNary second by sa ,000, They Increesed fNary 98lery by sa ,000. "Ase "abita studllnt, I attended my first meeting at this Aced8my-a concert In 1956, The natlOOllIdebt Increases by S8,000 every'second. ??They IIlCreIlMldby $8,000 flVflf'YSlliery. commemorating the 250th lII'InlYerSlll'Yof frenklln's birth lII1dthe 200th of Mozart's" (~

IS December 26, 1994 16 December 26, 1994 Bulletin, Ckt 94, 23; cf. ??the 250lh anniversary of Fran~lin's birth was celebrated by more he did In real-life situations, where his errors have persisted" (Domasio, OescBrles' ErrtY', 214) people than the 200lh of Mozart's) Nonrestrictive "Thin~ of this as a successor to Brad Goo:h's biography of Frank O'Hara last year, linda Hamilton's ·To lsabel1e, the relief of such tidings was very great, and they were scarcely less acceptable to of Kenneth Rexroth two yeftrs lI!Jl,or Martin Dubermlln's of PlIul RobesonIIfewyears before" Emmaon her fllther's lICCOUnt,who WIlSImmedilltely set IlSmuch lit elIS9on the subject IlShis (Liberly, Dec 94, 65) nervous condition allowed· (Austen, Emma, 147) 6enitivlJ ·luther's lIttltude toward the Jews furnishes an extreme example, Ilndone may contrllSt his "Yes,sir ,I IJ8ve glt a reputation; and it 's as g:xxfas anybOOy'sin the profession, too, country or position with Hegel's, who Is often charged with having conceived of freeoom merely as the freelbm no country" ( Pudi'nheai Wilson, I006) to Ilgree Ilndconform· ( Kaufmann, Nit:lz5cI1e, 165) •...next door's gardener ..." (Fred Basset, I July 94) ."She need no longer be unhappy about Jane, whose troubles and whose ill health having, of course, the possibi Iity of extrllposition in such structures the same origin, must be equally under cure" (Austen, Emmtl, 393; single RCwith two reilltive *extraposition's possibility in such structures expressions) its possibility in such structures (with il referring to 'extrllposition') ·After breakfllst thlfy'went whooping IlndprllOCingout on the bllr, IIndchased each other round and ·Donna, give Detective Lesniak the address onAlllt{'s homicide· (NYPDBlue, 25 Ckt 94; = the round, shlrl:lingclothes as they went, until they were ~ed, and then continued the frolic faraway homicide thllt AIllt{Is Investlgllting) up the shOllIof wllter of the bar, lIQlIlnstthe stiff current, which llltter tripped their legs from Modifier preposlng under them from time to time and greatly Increased the fun· (Twain, Tom Sawyer, 104) •... my frustrlltlon lit hllVlngto repellt the SlImesound bites for one lifter another television, rtKIlo, ·Symphonlas lire referred to by their number In Mllndyczewskl's list prepllred for the publishers or print Interviewer· (D. Tannen, Washington Post, 21 Noll93) . Breltkopf and Hertel, which numbers were adopted by Hobo~en·(Lanoon & • , f/8yd1: L Ira ·Nowyou can hllVethe furniture you've been wanting, lit lower-thlln-ever prices· (commercllll, 8t1d TimBS, .) WFMT,Aug 94) •... this seed [= yeast] I regularly and felthful1y procured from the village, till at length one "If the jet pllCkfllils, Discovery's pilots will rescue the adrift lIstronaut lISboth ship IInd morning I forgot the rules, !lOdscalded my yeast; by which lK:CidentI discovered thllt even this was spl'filWal~er circle the Earth at 17 ,500m.p.h.· (Tribune, 6 Sept 94) not indispensable ..." (Thoreau, Wald!n,372) ·Pale eyes were set deep in IIfo SBllmedand craggy· (Anderson, Ihrvesl of Sirs, 195; without ·My purpose In gllng to Walden Pond WIlSnot to live cheeply nor to JIve dearly there, but to the conjoining, preposing would be obligatory: *a fo seamed!craoov) transact some private business with the fewest obstacles; to be hindered from accomplishing N's which for want of IIlittle common sense, IIlittle enterprise Ilndbusiness tllient, IlPpeared not so "Romey-a witty figaro, seductive DonGiovanni and menoclngAttlla-has made practically every sad as foolish· (Thoreau, WaldJn, 338) part he sings a stellar role· (Tribune Arts, II Sept 94) "Youhodto be under fifteen or JlIpllnese to understand anything these days. Or one of those people "Divorced and the father of a 16-year-old son and 24-year-old daughter. Wasley said he'd Ii~e to whose business It was, like Larry - and which Larry never let slip an opportunity to see Clinton lIglIln"(Sun- Times, 31 Aug94) demomrlrllte· (1iogIlO,tlulllp/1lK tiM, 12) •... leontes' totally unfounded jealousy of his wife Hermione and best friend Polixenes festers and Omission of Ihlll then bursts forth" (HP Herald, 16 Nov94) ·Thllt's the one thing 0 can make her cheerful· (O'Neill, Longf)"y's..wrnt:y, 774; Irish spelllcer) "Besides, / now ~now that In exchange for every flea bath I've given, vet bllll've paid, and meal ·'n da old days, people" cal1s me 'nllJP" wa~es up in de hospital· (O'Neill, TheIceman CUnalh, I've dished out, I've DIed hours to my life· ( Hmllh, Nov94, 6) 589) RNR ·Never refused a drink to anyone 0 needed It bad In my lifel· (O'Neill, TheIceman Q:melh, 573) "The 23 studio and 19 live tr~s that ma~e up this collection are a passlonllte representlltion of ·If I've been through with the Movement long since, it's been through with him, lind, thanks to Goodman'sunique versatility· (Sun- Times, 7 Nov94) whis~ey, he's the only one 0 doesn't know it" (O'Neill, The Iceman ())melli, 571) ·Rlcobene's, operlltlng out of three South Side and one downtownaddresses, ...• (Sun- Times, 14 ·HeI1,yuh'd tlnk I wuz a pimp or somethln'. EveryhOOy0 knows me knows Illin't •.(O'Neill, T!JfI Nov 94) Iceman CUnelh, 571) Relative clauses and congeners "Wel1, It was me 0 let her gl. so OOo'ttllke out your rlllJllon poor Mother· (O'Neill, A TtXIChoflhe •....but this Is another Instance which may confirm Dalrymple's observation who says, 'that Poet, 119) whenever Burnet's narrations are exemlned, he appears to be mistaken'" (Signet Selecled ·Oh, she's the kind 0 would be polite to the hangm!lO,lIndher on the scaffold· (O'Neill, A TOiJChof WrilingsofStunuelJohnson, 33/) lhe Poet, 221) "It will not be bock next season, as originally pllll"lned"(NYTArts, 15 May 94; meaning Is that It ·You~eep on slllVlngfor him when It's th6t " hIlSmlldeyou old before your time!" CO'Nelll. A was originally planned that that opera would be bock next season) TotK:hoflhePoet, 192) ·Andlit lllst, when it hit me all of a sudden thllt here was the plain hand of Providence slllpping me ·Norll WIlSlISpretty a girl as you'd find in a yeIlr'S trllVel, and he'd come to be bitter lonely, with In the face and letting me know my wlc~adness was being watched all the time from up there In no woman's company but the whores 0 was helpln' him ruin the estate" (O'Neill, A lOiJChoflhe helIVen,whilst I wes stealing a poor old woman's nigger thllt hadn't ever 00ne me no hllrm...• Poet, 187) ( Huckleberry Finn, 833; context ma~es clear thet the relative clause modifies aptXlf' oldwomam ·She lov'd me well [0 delivered It to me]· ( Twotmnt. Yerotl8 IV.lv.7 J) "His fllther, who hIlSreclined Into !lOIlrmchllir with the 8IlSlIof the rllCOllteurhe Is fomous for ·She htKIn'thoda single friend 0 liked Lowel1much· (6lbson, Yirlll6l Light, 262) being, nods emphatically· (NYTArts, 7 Aug94; RCon predlcata NP) ·Nowthey were walking past this bagel place 0 had a sort of Iron cage outside, welded out of Free junk ...• (6Ibson, YirliNJlLight, 259) "You'vehad your reasons for oolngwhat you did how you did" (Anderson, HarveslofSlars, 314; "But from her description he knew her esshole up in the Morrisey had been the same one 0 got YouhlXlrellSOnsfor oolng it howyou did ??It/* 0. himselfthe Cubllnnecktie ..." (6ibson, Yirl(J(J1Light, 243) Youhad reasons for doing it the way you did (it». "Nochi Idren, which Is why thlfy'can do whllt else they 00" (Anderson, flarveslolSlrs, 185) "HeSlIidhe spent every penny of it [we didn't recoverlllt Thee Dollhouse" (police officer quoted In "Besides being a councillor and judge In this community, he's the purchasing llIJ9ntfor whatever 28 sept 94 Sun- Times) supplies that Its Industries need from outside sources" (Anderson, IhrveslofStr5, 28) · may Interrupt the proceedings lit Ilnypoint they choose to m "Canyou direct me to whoever's business It Is?· (NYPDBlue? Noll94) so· (Danny Newman, lyric Opera rehearsal, 25 <£t 94) "When the experiment WIlSrep9llted IIfew months lllter ..., ElIlot behllVedno differently from how "Hestrips to display thllt scar on his b~ he got from IInlItlve spear whenever he's completely

17 December 26, 1994 18 Df'ff'mhf'r?f) Iqq4 plesterBi· (O'Neill, The Icem6l1 tlmelh, 583- 4) requires thot the subject denote 0 living entity) Pseudo-relative ·There's no CllUSeleft worth fi!1ltlng for, Frenk" ( TheBIIdIxwYlJungle, movie) ·Jesusl Lois, ere you seeIng this?· (King, Imrmnm, 590) Reduced 11:He's got 0 fs:e thot mllkesyou hete him eutornGtiC8lly. ·For guilt of the kind then deBitwith by those courls met with the reprehension of prs:tlC811y oil B: You're rl!1lt. I'm alrl!llt( hating him. (Dl1bert, 28 Oct 94) men not professlOMI crlmll1llls themselves· (Hencken, Pr~jfKiic6s ".66; reduced to extended NP) Metaphor ·The premise of this [olarmlst though stili worthwhile] book Is thet the globel monetary system Is "Well himself Il8Ylgetedoil the mojor tributaries of mothematlcs ... erecting proofs end on the brink of dISl!Ster...• (NYTBooks, 2••July 9") conjectures that, like levees, determined the future course of Inquiry· { .x:iAm, June 9",33) Resumpttve pronoun Metonymy ·There are people, who the more you do for them, the less they will do for themselves· (Austen, ·He shook her heartily end lJ'etefully by the hIlIld"(Austen, Emma, 391 ) •... end when I folded It Emma, 115) up end give It to her, I see the water come Into her eves too; end she shook me by the hend, herd, •...Ihisls 0 girl that I'm letting that old reptile rob her of her money... end this Is lJf1O/1w one end seys: '6ood- bye-I'm goIng to 00 everything Just es you've told me'· { Htdl6lwry finn, thetl'm letting him rob her of her money'· (Htd/elJerry'lnn, 196) 612)"He C8lTIearound the mslc end shook Bleckwell werm Iy by the hand· (Sheck ley, Hvnltr/Yictlm, 35) Syntectic metonymy •• algams. mimicry Quo"'tlon "The net result Is that you C8Ildo 011kInds of things that Jerry Fodor used to stamp his footend where·'n thishewrtfcouldhe putlOlUlrBihis Intellectual0 vest hoardhendof 1111on sortsIt wheneverof lellrnlng,It wesendwanted"hlldIt(lwoln,pllJllOll-holedLitem/heIn his heed SItf, 'YouC8Il't00'" ( Potrlclo Church lend, In Collebeut, T.lng /he N6/lIf'6l1slle Turn, 351 i tfississippi, 561) probllbly faulty editing here - It's doubtful thet Churchlend m8llOtthis es IIdirect quote) ·Even ofter he got the archlvol!JlOds on Stelln, he continued to revere Lenin...• (NYTBooks, 13 Miscelleneous semenUc-prllQlltaUc Nov 9") ·In 1966, Hecy's wes 1IOunsuccesful bidder for Federeted. ThecompllOY,llglIlnst.l.11.!.l.ll,wound Men"'l spece phenOlltene up being bouljIt that year by ClIOedlllObusinessmen Robert Cempeeu...• (Sun- Times, 3 Jen 94) ·Our fllVorlte wes IIpls:e In IIcellar ,lIlso In Lexington Avenue, kept by 0 flit 1t1l1l1lOwho wes his "Top left: Olye Kozlovskeye, 0 12-year-old from AblIO,Slberlll, went to the doctor complointngof own lXlOIc,end workBi his current wife as woltress end ceshler. This wife ch8nQedfrom time to o high fever, end 0 serious heart defect wes discovered. .. Without sur!JlfY, Olye might not heY8 time, but she wes IIlwrtfSetteritlve to us...• (Hencken, tfy Llf6 /1$ Au/1Kr lIf1dEtliftr, 209) lived pest "O·{NYTMegceptlon, 2 JlIO94; doesn't presuppose that she hes lived pest ••0) ·Zech8ry, en AfrlC8l1species of monkey, was rolsBi In IIChlC8g0epartment by 0 couple who treetBi ·1 hlIYebooks I went to write· (Orec C, 9 Jon 94) him extremely well" (Tribune, 10 Nov9") my fllYorlte actress = the one who I fllYormost among lK:tresses; •• my + fllVorlte lK:tress, tl1ol9l Reanalysis thet Is the surf8C8 structure: •... end Tom's IfJ Is Julio Roberts. ·HowmllllYpeoplo would dlo m8llOWhllo,or worse then die?· (AnderllOl'l,Hrm/ ofstIrS, 205) Thero's everything here. (for lIVery kind k){$x: xlk){x Is hero) •... he gels off end on end around the moving plotform with 0lJ'8C8 end 88S8 thet C8Ilonly be The feet that 0 «b:tor hes cured someone of 0 Ilfe- threatening dlseese doesn't ouerentee that 1bI dlsp Irtfed by SlIfely t8klog whet for children end even mlts would be chences· ( OoffmllO, B1.Imt wl11live lIOYlonger. Ef/C(J(/n/ers, 109) John hes InsullM every person thet the bastard hIlSever mot. (aroument for externel NP?) Telescoping "VIolinists don't heve to breethe· (In o discussIon or IIf1utoarrangement of ovlolln work; the ·Resnlck 81som81 end then Godknew how meny lIVldentlyrefers to two persons winnIng separote elections) more hours end days of puzzling It over before he could get beck to his reel work· (Pool & ·Every minute It wes aeltlna eerHer , now, end pretty soon one of them wotchers would begin to Williamson, WI1I1Arount1I1SItr, 69) stir ...• (Htdl6lwryflnn, 601; mellOS'geltlngcloser to morning') •... It wes Eddown there, end Godknew whot he ml~t went· (King, Il1SfJf11nla,186) "Where would the m111Ions, the blllions, perhaps.tm. trllllons come from?· (Shecklay, Interpretation of operators Hvnltr/Ylcllm, 68; In 0 context where there Isn't lIOYknown quentlty of trlllions) Scope ·Andwhet wes thet that FrtDtle hod seld, about DotAmerlC8end IntenSecure being baslC811yyour ·Andnobody that didn't belong to the bend could use thet marie, end If he did he must be sued; end If S8I1l0compeny?· (Olbson, Ylr/lIi1/ Li¢t, 2 ••••) ·There wes 0 different moterlol enywhere you looked...• (GIbson, Ylr/lIi1/ LI¢t, 194) plushe doneIIconjoinedIt ageln heS withmust 0benegetedkilled·first( Huck/elJerryconjunct) Finn, 632; 6f1Y/JotIy/114/ tllth'/ be/fJf1!I/o Ihe/JlJf1tl Quecleret Ives "AnUzlln es:h hand bl8Z8l briefly· (Sheclcley, Hun/er/Yle/lm, 263) "The potentlol must be In thet young men who now seemBi 0 totel stronger, or why hodhe come?· "'t'll be 8 long time before fNery SfllIkeIs stopped from going off Islend· (OullmUSDAofflclol (Anderson, Hrm/ofSIIrS, 462) quotBi In NYTHag, 13 Nov 94) Discourse structure vtceV8rse "With the exception of 0 few edvenced HontegMrds, when 0 commissioner of the Convention ·Deborah Dorr's PlIJUElttewas lustily brlliniess {end sometimes vice verse) ...• (Sun-Times, 28 arrived In 0 provincIal town, the questions of employment end prosperity within the Republic end Nov94; brllinlessly lusty? brllinlly lustless?) the equelenjuyment of lIV811eblecommodities by 1111Interested him but little. HlIYlngbeen sent to Tense, aspect. Ume reference org!II'll28reslst8l'lC8to the loveslon end to rouse the potrlotlc feeling, 1m s:tBi es 0 democrotlc ., WIISremy to hlIYegone with her, but this wl11do just es woll· (Austen, Emma, 361) offlclol for whom the peoplo were but the tools which were to help him to C8rry out the pie of 5 out of the 18 booI:s thet BI11has rfNlewBi hlIYebeen by saul Bellow. the Oovernment. If t!llpresentBi himself Blthe 10C81Popular Society I •••• (Kropotl

19 December 26, 1994 20 December 26, 1994 "Subject to your concurrence, subject to all of your concurrence, a program has been prepared· • tf8/JrJ'tius ~t off the first cannon shot, tattering S8n lJi£!{)is mainsei I and destroying one of her (Pohl, Tim CtrJJ WIY, "17; = (all of you]'s concurrence) two bilge pumps· ( NiJI. ~ Aug 9"', "18) •... the arrangements for one of the brothers' wtnlings" (Miss Manners lecture, 13 lkt 94; evident meaning; the wtnlingof one of the brothers) ••.. a real-estate venture thot the president co-owned· (WfMT News, 20 JlIfI 94) ·Thudllrish's Title Hopes Hit Ground Zero" (NYT Sports headline, 9 £k:t 94; how is JrisIJ's "WIrtz, who owns the old arena and co-owns the new United Center, ...• (Sun- Times, 19 Aug 94) pronoun~?) .", succession of AmerlClln ambassaOOrsto Italy admired , one co-writing his Inflection 'eutoblc:graphy' for the S8turday Evening Post· (NY!t18;fUine, 24 July 94, 16) ·This is getting inSllller· (Hogan, OutofTimfJ, 58) I moonlightedJ*moonllt for a year at UIC. ·They will tailor-melee a campaign geared to the merket· (BBC World Service, Mar I) "Well, noturally, her family forbid her seeing me· (O'Neill, Thtl Jcemm ()}mtlth, 69"'; forbid Policeman: Spider-manl Where Is he? Woman: Hejust web-swung lIWey' (Spider-MlIfl, 5 used as past tense) Aug 94) Exam question: Is I dJntJ it derived (a)through deletion of ImvB from a present perfect I'vedJntJ ·We spring-trained thot yellr in Houston, TexllS· (PBS ·BllS6baJl" 6) in or (b) by using the past participle as a past tense? Answer: (a), because there isn't any Compounding, complex nominals corresponding change to plI5t participle in I dki? 'I, miff, etc. rop-rCM;k . eight-cup rb::k ·Besides, ClJiC8fP is a fantaslicly darle and thought-provoleing musical" (Maroon, 12 Aug 94) Neologisms "He is slovenly dressed..." (O'Neill, Thelcemm Comtlth, 566) prolificity (NYT Arts, 16 Jon 94) warningly, frightenedly (O'Nelll, LlJIlglJay'sJourlNJY, 735, 744) ·Deboarding only· (S8mTrans sign, Palo Alto) ·for philosophers, on the other hand, it's the generaJiZllble character of the events; they rip ideas, "His clothes differed in no respect from a 'wharf-rat's,' except that they were raggeder, more discoverias, and experiments untimely out of context so as to generalize from them ...• (R. lII-lISSorted and inharmonious ..." (Twain, Limon thetf/Ssissipp/; 561) Richards, PSt\ 1992.2.482) ·Behind other islands we found wretched little farms, and wretcheder little log-cebins" (Twain, scientificity (R. Richards, PSt\ 1992.2.486) L iftJ on the tfississipp;, 293) "for guilt of the kind then delllt with by those courts met with the reprehension of practlClll1y all ./ often wonder whether the history of the remoter past is any more reliable· (Menclcen, tfyLife . men not professional criminals themselves· (Mencksn, Prejudices 4.86) lIS Author IJfldEm'tor, 300) •... crimes of malperentlng thot amountad to ottempted pubesclde and lIOOlesclclde· (P leyboy, Oct "We Iileed Crowe better than Warner, if only becausewe saw him sellbner" (Mencken, tfyLifeas 94, 114) Author6l1dEm'tor, 82) ·Hls tone gentled· (Anderson, IIIYvest of StlY$, 398) Contraction ·from the number, she had forelenown that what waited was a suborbital· (Anderson, Harvest of "Whot time's it, Rocky?" (O'Neill, Thelcemm()}mtlth, 5H) SfIY$, 367) ·Mayn't 1lJ) out and play now, aunt? (Twain, Tom~, 20; also HuckleberryFinn, 781,850) "He, a simple fishpoke?· (Anderson, HorvestofStor$, 190; = fish farmer, mOOeledon cowpok4 Infixation ·Slnce then, she has snaggedllIld merrled an 89-year:-old half-billionaire· (ZlIZZ, 19 Oct 94) "You can't just write dJl segno any old how· (C. Rosen, 2 Nov 94) "failure to suppy all this Information forfeits your entry· (SUn- Times contast, Nov 94)

Word formation ecological·The dloramllStreasure:and ~IdermedNYT Mag,contents13 Nov of94)73the Bishop. Museum ottest to HlIWall's stlltus lIS lIfI "Prasident Bill Clinton put politics before environmental protection on October 4 when he refused •... he'll be on probation for ot 16lISta year , unless ealipeau 'vlolotes' him and sends him lIWey to ~ Norway for its return to commercial whaling" (Greenpeace, Jan. 94; means 'impose agein· (NYT Mag, 13 Nov 94; = reports him as a parole violator) SlIOClionson') ·Heifetz WllSmUch criticized because he devoted so much ottention to fCM;lIeminiatures and SlIlon "/ felt that... the seme approech could be applied to both. This eventuated in T81ing08rwin pieces-'sllk-underwear music,' as Thomson famously derided them· (Tribune Arts, 27 Nov 94) StJriot/$/y· (MiChael Ruse, in C!llIebaut, T6kingtheNiJtur"listic Turn, "'37) ·The heroine stili whistles while she houseworks· (NYT Mag, 25 Dee 94) ·The connectivity does not preexist the functioning" (R. lewontin, in Callebaut, T81ing the NiJtur"listic Turn, 39 I ) re-. ·'n ClISIlyou're wondering, city Treasurer Miriam SDntos is definitely re-runnlng for "Three-and-twentyl - Is he Indeed? - .../ remember it was written from Weymouth, and dated office· ( Sneed, Sun- Timas, 3 Nov 94) Sept. 28th ...•. (Austen, Emm6, 119; is "28th" to be read "twenty-ei!tJth" or ·elght-and• ·The next time you dine with them, you ClIn 1I1wayssoy you're so glad they're enjoying the serving twentieth·? We could tell with other dates: "23rd" vs. ·23th·; did the ordinals shift to their pieces and look puzzled If they attempt to rethenk you for the crystal vase·(Miss Monners, II mooern form before the ClIrdinal numbers did? ) Sept 94) "I dlsramember which trunk ...• (O'NefIJ, A Touchof the Ptk11,214; Irish speaker) •.... what it was "leydecleer had re-met Helen at Ralph and lois's In February of 1994 ...•. (King, InSlJl11ni6,757) I dlsremember ...• ( Mencken, t1y L iftJ lIS Author 6Ild Em'tor, 22"'; also Huck ItlbtJrry Finn, 697, ·'n an amusing letter of Mey 1939, Strauss ottempted to relnterest Gr6!Jlr in Ct1prJCcia.. • (lyric 899) Opera program, Nov 94) ·The deadand for the most part unmerchantable wood behind my house..." (Thoreau, W"'dJn, 365) ·He re-urged - she re-decllned; and he seemed then about to mlllce his bow, when taking the p_ •.... that sluggish, heooechy, 'what's the use?' feeling ...• (Carter's little liver Pills radio from the table, she returned It" (Austen, Emma, 106) commercial, 40s) ·Or else, without IJf'rI formalities, they retook possession of the forests which had once been Back formations communal· (Kropotkln, Tlte0re8tFrenchlleYOlution, 114)

"You give me your money now and J Invest It until you relnCllrnate" (Dllbert, 14 Jan 94) 'But hulso SlIid he still Wllflted to re-attempt the I}llli he had set" (HK Standard, 28 Mar 9"') ·The next day the doctors were back; Tom had relapsed· (Twain, TOIl1~, 141) ·Mr. SherwlXXl said he know nothing about Alderdice's 20-year-old Russian lover, Natalya •... the SllfJlelllura Williams who ClIrefuJly planned and premeditoted his murder" (Suspense, SnmoslllVa, except thot he now suspected Alderdice had been trying to recreate some romance in his ·Three times murder·, £k:t 3 46) life· (South China Morning Post, I July 94) ·He vanished in 1974, three dDys lifter the nanny wlI5k lIIed and llldy lUClln wll5l155alled In her Lexicon loncbn apartment· (7 Aug 94) · Is Inextricably linked to our national psyche "Investigotors SlIld embalming fluids spontan~usly combusted· (News of the Weird, 30 Sept 94) (and It is,.1f Krauthammer likes It or noO" (Jetter, Tribune, 19 Oct 9"')

21 December 26, 1994 22 December 26, 1994 , live s::ross the street from a skliting-rin •../*rin •... "Nor could enyone observing the failing fortunes of the recorder at the turn of the ellilteenth A:Are there llOYskating rinks nellr where you live? century hllve envlSllrJ'da second chlIIlC8for It at the turn of the nineteenth· (Eve O'Kelly, Th6 B: Yes, as a matter of rid I live s::ross the street from a rin •...(IIri"t OKonly 808Phorlcal1y) ReardJr Ta1Jy, I 16; refers to 1800 end 1900, not to 1700 end 1800) "When we beglKtto It'lR "TheJudiciary is fiOlll1yin e position to ermbIe Chinese to be U5edIn hl!,1leroourts" ( South ChiOll lIPart, at the turn of the 20's, ...• (Menclcen, tfylifellSlfutlKrllf1dEdllcr, 139; refers to the Morning Post, 4 July 94) years around 1920) "ThoughV.O.T.E.lel1dcrsdeny it, the orgnnization is :strongly elleged to IwJvelDlnectlOl1Sto :street ·Mrs Elton Is very pd-natured llIldegreeeble,llIld I dare SlIYher lX:QUlllntanceere just wllet they gangs...• (RIIYmlnl R. Coffey, Sun-Times, 4 Aug94) ought to be· (Austen, Emm8, 378) ·Pelestlnllll1: 'exploOOdPan Am 103· (lthllCllJourmll, 13June 94, pointed out by EWB;the "mother-ln-ltNt, son-ln-ltNt· (Austen, Emmll, 354, 429; the relation referred to I~ that of Palestinian actU8l1ysaid ·blew up·) stepmother to stepson); ·The three daughters-ln-ltNt of Jonathan. Evan's half -sisters, had to Count/mass mllkelllarge, vreed)t fortune out of prlvateering lIIldthe Northwest trede ...• (O'Neill, If TOtdItJf ·The fire antis thought to Infest approximately two million acres of land In Oeorgle, aHecklng lhe POll!, 224; the relationship Is whet would now be celled "stepOOughter") crops, young wildlife lIIldlivestock ...• (quote In Meyer, Appositim in ();nlt!mptTtry English, I47) WIlet klnd/*type/??sort of lII1lmells tllet? Idioms . You'vecompletaly convlncad/??persueded me thet S. ·The serbs nre galtlng tNtllY onca agein with sleughter· (BBC, 7 Feb 94) -You've completely caused me to bellllV8tllet S. (re Wlermlcka, Oictio(wy) ·But If Clinton 00es not hllve lII1ace In the hole, one can only hope he has one up his sleeve· Russllll1for beglnners/*sterters. sterler /*beglnner (of a car) (re Wierzblclca, Semllf1licsof (Eestern Express 7 Feb 94) trllf11mN', 76) ·Clinton said that iit] marked a clear victory for the 'redlcal right' , which he llCCtJSOOof stopping ·The whole tr~ occurred within two minutes, end neither of the three spoke after he was shot" at nothing· (Chine Post, 7 June 94) (newspaper quoted In Tweln, lirem thetfiS5iS5ipp,; 470) ·Andthe guy who should be leading the cheers Is Mayor Daley, whom BloomIJIt off a very ·Nowonly lookat thet" (Tweln, lifem the/'fississipp,; 452; stenderd English would require N!w uncomfortllbla political hook.... Andthe mllYorobviously breathed e sigh of political relief· 1JI11 /mf" lit tlMh (RIIYmlnl R. Coffey, Sun- Times, 4 Aug94; NB:get of(the/*a hook) Aside from lJIlng/*comlng to end from the rallwllY station, I wes never north of Beijing Lu. ·I'm trying to gal out of your wIlY,lIIldI ~ right In it· (overhecrd, Aug94) "Seven mllars no matter how short I sley?· (PO to perking-lot attenmnt;??, but OK:no matter ·The C8S8 of the late Denby, Secretery of the Nevy, Is In point· (Menclcen, Prejufices 4.184) how long or short I slllY) •... the ldeGbeing that they weree moblla force rtmy to be thrown Into the frllYwherever .germs "OnllOI11eshining tomorrow e psychoenllly:stmllYbe put Into the box to prove tllet perjury Is raised their ugly If invisible heeds· (The Streight Dope, 26 Aug94) simply a compulsion neurosis, like beating time with the foot et a concert or oountlng the ·Il's not only wolf that detectors cry. (Tribune headline, 7 Oct 94; = Cerbon monoxidedetectors lemp-posts IIlongthe hlghwllY·(Mencken, PrejtAliCtlS 4.272) sometimes give warnings of real dllngers) "His wlfa pleys In the ChlC8lJlSymphony, so they must live somewhere near ChIC8lJl·(conOlcts They plllYedbell/football with him. ( blIlI + comltatlva with, tootbllll + Instrumentel wit~ with Chomsky's statement tllet 'near' Implies 'not In') ., thought enythlng went In Qullrk Fair· (Anderson, IWvestofStN's, 91) Quentlflers ·YetAbremson QUickIy $1ole60z0nlch's thunder. and llll1Slno'sspotllOOt,by prosecuting the Doyou heve lIllYchlldren/*chlld? putative victims, Jose and Kitty Ml!lll!flOOz,for crimes of malparentlng thet emounted to attempted ·'n fact, half of everyone who tekes the new testrlunks It...• (Tribune, I Sept. 94; cf. helfof all pube&:ldelII1dllblesclclde· ( P 11IY00y, Oct 9"', I 14) the people... , *helf of every person ...iargues tllet IMJf')'I'Y/t1 = "II-me ItSwell as ewry-mj ·The drln"'lng scane drives him out of whatlltlle mind he has left" (Andrew Greeley In lyric Opera Plurelle lenta Progrem, Oct 1994) "ONEBOXERSHORT"(Iebel on pllckllgecontaining one pelr of Joe Boxer boxer shorts; 1994) • ·Reagen's national security adviser spills his version of the beans about the lren-Contra affair" seleclfoAlI rnlrlclfons (NYTBooks, 13 Nov 9"', headline) "We're Just leevlng 23,000 feet Move Sllllievel on our descent Into ChlC8lJl'sO'HllreAirport" (M ·Thenk you, Ruth Lared:J, not on behalf of the Instrumentalists, but on ours" (First Hearing, 17 pilot, 21 July 94) Dee 94) 5exlsllltllVUege. etc. ·Darllng, for both our sakes StfI you'll m It" (Mysterious Traveler, ·Deeth has a cold breath") Astudent should stUlt( a lot, *shoulltl't he or she? (a context where a pronoun Is required end he cr sht! OOesn'toount ItSone) "Youcell THATrising end shining?· (Marmaduke, 22 Sept 94; for me, risellf1dshine takes only Velence the bere form: *He rose end shone. *He hltSn't risen end shone. Youshould rise end shine) Bartend3r: Beat It nowl Richard: I will not beet It! (O'Neill, M, Wild1rnessl, 61) It"OneendcannotsendinghelpIt tobutthewonderNationalhowPhotosmllOYCompanypeople hevefor beenprocessing"violently(FerIII IntoEesterntheirEcon.bllgRev.,before10selIllngFell "Pat MCOloln,the other one, WItSe police lieutenant bllck In the flush times of greft when 94; refers to e "combined airsickness beg end film packet for sending photogrephs to be developed everything went" (O'Neill, The /cem8l1 tbneth, 584) and printed" distributed by Qantas) lexical semltlltlcs "TIletwon't stop the ordinations of women IJIlngeheed" (BBC World service, 22 Feb 94) "Tha much-deleved road hes Its unofficial opening todll'fend Is expected to at least helve the rOad ·Zulu IlllKlershllve lVeed to talk next week to prevent the violence worsening· (CNN, 2 Apr 94) Journey between HongKongand Ouangzhou"(South Chine Morning Post, 12 July 94; • 'Is expected "Robesplerre attempted to speak, but he too WItSPrllVlll1ted·( KropotkIn, ThetJr66t FrtIfICI1 to reduce the trevellng by et least helf); "The result was thet the thermal water to the Hevlz baths Rtwolulim, 567) WItSmore then halved· (Tribune, 16 Aug94) . "Roux' S8C\ Ion of the Gravllliers vllinly dem8ndedfrom the Commune the ebanOOnmentof-these 'While temperatures this week dipped to 50 below in Minnesota, end ~ 20 below In Maine, prosecutions, offering thet Its members should give securities for him" (Kropotkln, Thefh16l Nomehit erecord high Mondllyof 40-Move zero· (Tribune, 29 Dee 93) Ff'tJf1Ch Rl1fIOlutim, 504) ·Thus, since they like to!!!n!!on things like smoked oyslers end a nlca orange Nehl for lunch. they I em under no oilIillllllon ( • for me) to be present. mo't hound teenegers who lJlltplzze for breelcfest" (J\Jltf Markey, Sun- Times, 4Jl11194) "But ItSI hllve seld, e dlI'fcame when I beglIIlto teIlS8from noting the glories end the chllrms which "Steamboat service discontinues 4/3/94· (NWAM, Jan 94) the moonend the sun end the twlllljlt wrought upon the river's face..." (Tweln, Lifem lhe "JIlSOOBatemlln llOdJemes Wilder are the two men whoeech lldmil to killing e losAnveles tfississiPIJI; 285) "She stNt her _ling gredulllly cease from being her son...• ( PudI'nhtJtJd policemen" (Tribune TV, 16 Jan 94; context makes clear thet It's the same pollcemlll1;for the Wilsm, 939) writer, lJdnit to evidently Isn't fllCtlve) - "Tomcan persuede him Into things which other people can't... • ( PurJi'nhmd Wilsm, 1029-30)

23 December 26, 1994 24 December 26, 1994 •... a couple of short bald guys wearing white tunics which looked left over from Central Casting· conjunct of coordinate structure) (King, /nst¥T1ni6,2"1"1) Hungarian ·Of the role she now brings to Lyric, LeFi{}'Jro effused in 1993, 'One cannot combine so much i~ tlllent with so much grlX:e..:· (LyricOperll progrom, Nov 9<1) Japanese •... Kewakl inisheru- T sema ..." (announcement, SFO, 25Jan 94) Phonology Where is it? Where is the bus stop? Spanish Anaphora Speech errors, serewups •... y viajeba durante dillS y noches cambiando varies veces de montura para no reventer.\§· (Gllrcla ·Here lire one of the four Romlll1tic Pieces by Dvorak" (WFMT, II Sept 9<1) M6rquez. E/ &ner,,/ msu L6IJcrinto, 51) ·The condition is causOO when the enzyme we need to digest lactose ... isn't present In sufficient Rose: Esta conversacl6n no tlane sentldo. Bustillos: Si, 10 tiene, Rose. ( .5eikra Tent,din, 27 ~t qullntities lIod thus hinders digestion" (Lifetime of Heolth "I."I.; it isn't the enzyme thllt hlnder5 9"1)' . digestion but the IlICkof It) Control· "Let me tllke It one tiny step further, but It's II huge step· (Ted Koppel, 4 Feb 94, noted by PO) DlIOielll: erel morlrme. (Outxb/upe, 17 JlIn 9"1; = I thought I would die) "Because so little progress Is being reported, the loth International Conference on AIDS, held In Ellipsis Yokohllmll, JlIPon, lost month, WllSthe lost to convene lInnulllly; scientists wlll now meet every two A: Tango un regolo porll tl. 6: Yyo uno porll tf. (Outxb/upe, 17 JlIn 9<1) years" (NYT Magazine, 25 Sept 94) ••... una mujer que tenia relaciones con elal mlsmo tlempoque con mi papa· (SeliiYa Tentacitfn, 13 Crosses ~9"1) ·1 had to choose between tllllChing 'Hermony " or whether I WllSgoing to compose· (B. Lees Anlte: . Rose: Confleso que a ml tembien. ( 5riYa Tentacitin, 22 Sept 94) interview, WNI6, 9 JlIn 94) Use of morphological forms •... stop the innocent kllling of civilians· (8111 Clinton, II Feb 94, noted by PO; for ·kllling of Oender ignored innocent civilillns·) ROSlI:Yo pardi unll hijll, y no quiero perder dos B. (~" TmtllCitin, 25 ~ 9<1; the 2nd child isa ·That tops the cake" (Harvey P, July 94; tops everything X takes the cake) WI, thus B = hljgs) Oardun paths "Yo la pear de todos· (title of Mexicon movie) ·Decldlng on Ydlllm. you wllllove or forgive, making cereer choices, or choosing an Investment are •... segulen sentedos el unQ frente al otrQ ..... (Gercle Marquez, E/&nera/ensu L8berinto, 87; In theimmedillte persoollllll1d socilll domllln" (DamllSlo, Oest:ttrtes' Error, 168; wlJo would lIVoid II refers to e mlln lInd IIwomllO fllCing etCh other; e/ una.. e/otro unles:s only women ore Involved) perceptual garden-path) Agreement Malapropisms MeIlSll: HI Andl nl yo somos unos nli'ios. ( tf,yie/1!I16, 23 Dee 9<1) "No sooner do those Colombians start smuooling that mind-numbing stuff Into the country and Accusative II they're kllling ea::h other over It .. (60k cortoon, 199<1) ·Siempre tuvo 11111muerte como un riesgo profesionlll sin remedio" ( eorcia Marquez, E/ amtJr,,/ Syntactic ensuL8IJerinto, 16) ..... bod service becau5e thlll'5 the only servica there 15, 15n't there?" (C Johns, 21 ApI' 9<1, noted •... Ie oseguro que gonor6 mils dinero mostr6ndomeon unll jllulll como III mils grllnde mlljlldero de la . by PO) historiaN (Oarcia Marquez, E/ fSJera/ en su Laberinto, 103) Hypercorractions Contraction ·This Weyne Sochsteiffer WllSmightily surprisOO" (Pohl, Comingo(.fIJeQuantum Cats, 64) •... yera poco menos que un esceta del comer y el beber ... • (Oarcia Marquez, E/ f1mera/ en su LiJbtJrinto, 53) Written language . de = possessive I 'II, It '5, Wilson '5, wor n't, I '5, did n't, ... VS.:lIin't, won't, sM'n't ( Puttl'nhet1d Wi/son; in this MoricuSll: Son COSlISmuy millS - millSY de Tltoo. (Outxb/upe, 13 Jan 9<1) work, Twain writes the contracted form llS two words when It Is simply a contraction but llS one ·Rose es mla y de nedle mils· ( Seiiora TentackJn, 29 Aug 94) word when one of the ports undergoes something other thlln a deletion) Adelll: l.Este nino as suyo y del generlll? ( ~" TmtllCkln, 20 ~ 9<1) Punctuation Subjunctive "RouX: section of the OrllVlJliers ..: (Kropotkin, TIlfJOret1tFrtH1ChRfIYO/ution, 50<1) Interesting/amusing signs Rose:8usllllos:EI plldra... cUllndode ml IehljomIlles gonaYlctory comoManuelIe ~delIIIRio,\)lIllI.que( Stmor"en paz descllnse.TentllCitin,( 25Senor"~ 9"1)Tentacidn, 20 ~) "Str let Iy no pork Ing. Unauthorized park ing will be towed llWtIf· (Singopore, JlIn 9<1) Clities ·Thls you's· (jllCket, Taiwan, Feb 94) Fred¥: Mi hermena la lIena la cabeza de mentires a mi mama. ( senora Tentacitin, 23 Sept 94) ·Flush lifter vomit· (English hll1f of bilingulll sign over urlnlllin TlIipel restllurllnt, 199"1) Ester: Ahorll te tOClldivertirte II ii. (Outxb/upe, 1"1Jan 9<1) "DIPLOMACYCOURTEOUSRECEPTION· (Shanghai airport, March 94) Climbing ·PtIf tllX behind your right brx:k" (TlIipellnternationlll Airport, 199"1) "No h"Y otro remedlo que pedirles a tus pllllres que te mondllO II bUSCllr" ( Senor" TentllCitfn, 2<1 ·BEWARE OF HEADROOM"(Tom Lee Music, Hong Kong; Chinese version: xieoxin peng tou) Sept 94) "PrllCelll do Trllnquilidllde; PrllCelll do Serenidllde· (two consecutive stops on II bus line, M~) "MellCllbo de escapllr de IIIcarcal· (P8SionesSecret6S, 13 Dee 9"1) Other languages ·Ha sido un gran placer poderles servlr· (PasionesSa::retllS, 15 Dee 94) Chinese Island constraints "Wo dou mel jianguo" 'I havan't seen any of them' (B topic llS antecedent of dJt1J "Tu enemlgo es mucho mils peligroso que tiJ tlenes Idee· (PasionesSa::retllS, 15 Dee 94) 6erman ROSlI:Me enamore de quien usledes no tlenen unll ideo· ( ~"TentllCitin. 1"1Hov 9"1) •...die Gewinner!n des zwelten Praises" (tel8CllSt of German musical competition, 1994) Various syntactic constructions "ruck- und vorsichtig" (Nietzsche, quoted in KlIufmann; pun on vorsichtig: 'cautiously' x 'looking Cleft forwerds') ChIlO:Pero quien tiene lallave de todo esto es Pucha, la hermane de Ritil. (tJutxiJ/upe, 12 Jan 94) "Yom Pogen und del' Kiinigstochter" (tltle'of ballllde by R. Schumann; contraction involving one LuiSll: Es de 10 unlco que no me pueden llCuser. (Outxb/upe, 12 Jon 9"1)

25 December 26, 1994 26 December 26, 1994 Comparative Articles .tw:e 23l1ftos que Plri.el trlll:lllje en ~urll, y mlentrll5 expltqt el prw /ronsitlJs, que se supan Ie que era cl buque 00 guerra m6s poilroso 001 munOO... • (AmtfrlCllS 'ustlllos: No me Importe IllS veces que tli 10dlges. ( ~ TenlllCi61, 21

27 December 26, 1994 28 December 26, 1994 /

19l)S.Iiapi*: De. circ:B I'm a penguin" (Curtis, I Nov 95) Onece again I offer to all interested readers a year's harvest of examples read, overheard, or "I'm the type of penon who doesn't care if I'm good enough" (Anna Roosevelt, quoted in TJilJuoe concocted by either me or various friends who have passed them on to me (foe which I hereby thlUlk MJW~ 3 Dee 95)

PeterSteinberg).Daniels,ThoseEddyOaytan,I:':ricHamJl'Into whose hands this compilationRich Janda, fallsSige-oeYukiis droppedKuroda,acef.ricSchiIler,welcome to andmakeElisaany use "Abandoned boy? He's really a 25-year-old woman passinB herself off as IIpoor homeless teen" of the aamplescomained heceinthatthey can think of making. --JimMcCawley (Southern UJinoisian, 28 Dee 95) AIIlIflIIora "If one of the other players crossed youe path, he would show up as a simple cartoo.n figure, who you would hope to shoot befa-e it turned, saw you, and shot you" reason"Basically,foe!!"a young,(Sun-Times,energetic26 Julydog 95;willitdrink= foemorethe youngerIhanan olderdog notdogtounIessdo so?)Ihere is a physiological (Dennett, lJl/I'Win 'slJAJJ,ft!rOus fdeJl, 486) YIIIIipIe f'in&Immd ta-n:lm:8IZS just"Shehaveis sotodevotedbe!!" (Jonathanand obsessedPryce,by quotedhim IhatinsheNovis595tel.lin2NYTyouArts)that's the kind of man he is. Then you "Venatoe himself had not been granted an access code-and ll..biological -until Ihecybercosm had "And when yoUj have suddenly become the mllll.j [Ok to ~ 0jl {OJ to tell YOUt] how to take care of concluded that Lilisaire's activities were disturbing enough that he had a need to mow" (Anderson, your~"Feelingsoul,as ityouseemsdo, youthat wouldeveryonebe doinghas a questi06"aU of you (NY7M4f6Zint!,afavor to give youe23 husbandAp- 95) MJ custody of The St8IY IIJ"ealso Fire, 198; the implicature of notllfllli' allowsa negated existential NP to be the Sheny" (Dear Abby, 22 May 95) antecedent of a p-onoun) Pn!qdic' 8Id:.acb "Tributes to his royal patron were the highlight of last Wee!r.'s Puccellconcert" (Sunday Times did"Thesomspaciousa modesthouseyetonattractiveAlden Avenuefashion"had(Noss,to be completelyPIlW HiI1demithinthelJmkxfSULes,furnished by Ihe Hindemiths160)and they [London Iheadline, 12 Mar 95) "When the canvas isstained directly, as Ihese artists did, pigment and support are fused" (Montreat "The Chicago Tribune proclaimed hers °a voice without equal" (WFMT, 31 Mar 95) "Since h entai led no travel, he agreed to conduct asubaiption concert of the New Haven Symphony Museell.a:ipuaIIdes Beam Arts, Nov 95) "--"' Orchestra on 12 January 1948 ... " (Noss, Pi/W Hindemithin the United StJdes, 148) "Although is comical and silly, it is also sweet and tender, in the sense that they discover "His doctocssayMickey Mantletoldlhem he feels good " (WFMT, 9 they are one another's true Jove" (Stagebill, feb 95) June 95) "The hoods here ... are aU ex-cons hired by an older ex-con (Lawrence Tierney) who conceals their "Most golfers would agree that it was no one's fault but her own when Jeannine Pelletier managed to identitiesfcomeachother by assigning then the names of colors" (Reader, 8 Dee 95; not hit herself in the nose with her owngolfbaU" (Royko, 20Jul95; ficstmention) c-eomma.ndedb)lllllleCedent) "The state of Maryland-~ do the states of Colorado, JIIinois, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, This game pits against each other the two strongest teams in the countly. (conditions weaker than for Pennsylvania, and Rhode Isiand-specificallyexemptfederaUyregistecedresearchfacilitiesfocm reflexive:RdIaiw:*1 asked about himself the strongest manin the country.) state animalcomrol andcrueltystatutes"(Blum, TlJe MoneeyW8IY, 122; note also thepluraJ erempl) "I couldn't take his mother away from my son" (Presumed Innoceut, noted by EO) "Broughton, in riot gear, ordered the dog to stay between himself and a crowd of people involved in the fight" (Tribune, I Jan 95) to"Thateachtheyotherdidn't... " (FcancesPartcidge,mind aiticizing eachNYlM'WllZioe,other made people:\ Deethink95)otherwise, but they were very devoted " then had it made into a film, 0j picking one of Spain's best and handsomest actors to p1ayhimself( (NYT Boob, 11 feb 95) ,,~::tr:=:::d Gabriel Lockard's eyes" (Grimm, BtX!Y.fUarrI, 63; the scene is one in "That way dogs ClIJ1being down £rey much more powerful than themselves" (Eyewitness, 7 May 95) which OL has reoccupied his original body) "... some grew angry through the years as they saw white players making ma-e money than themselves playing jazz oewatered-down j822" (NY7MIffJlZiJJe, 25 June 95) "The line ohunrise lay across the area. and for eIceUent reasons understood best by themselves , " ... apparently his father's Buchananite tendencies had taken hold more than his son realized" (NYT M'WIlZioe, 11 Feb 95) . astronomers frequently study Ihe movement of sunrise across the Moon" (BiggIe, AU the cala:s at "Tbe stepfather of Baby Joseph "Jojo" Masters, who was just a little over 2 years old wben he was tf8tbIes:r, 117) murdered Jan. 4, has been charged with his su.'Pson's murder" (Sneed, 28 Ap- 95) "In Nice Tit foe Tat , one begins by cooperating, and then does unto the other as Ihe other has done "On their wedding anniversary, the redneck's wife asked her husband, 'Homer, should I kill a unto oneself on the previous move" (Dennett, DIrWin 'slJe,rt'nJus fdt'8, "79) chicken for tonight?'" (Playboy's Party Jokes, Jan 96) "I guess I don't see a problem if an employer wants to check how an employee is conducting his or "Wolfram's son, named after his father, is an Amecican soldier on his way to Bosnia" (Joan Beek, herselfon their time working for that employer" (Gov. Edgar, quoted in 14 Dee 95 Tribune) Tribune, 14 Dec 95) "As an eIample, she cites the way Ihe 'long punitive arm oflhl: KGB' was allowed to extend even to

January 1, 1996 2 "Well, we squlWted those magazines-the way you could abug" (Lllwrellce Kimpc.o.n, quoted in 3 "There i!almo. no cognitive value and ltUOCill1edmethodological rule which have been shown to Nov95 Reader; pseudo-gapping) stand in this one-to-one relation to each other" (Laudan, ScienceJfJJdVll1uer, 36; auyother "The High Wocld will have Its share of Muslim allies, and the Mabdis will have theirs of every creed combination of agreements is wocse; singular is required because HOCOunts cognitive values, DOl and none" (Anderson, 17teSl8Jy are 11150 Fire, 158; emyaeeo' has the 2nd conjunct in its scope, value/rulepairs) HaJJe has as scope the reduced clause of NP) They aren't klutzesl.ike us/??me. They aren't klutzeslite we are. • lam. "However curious Solti's juxtaposition of styles, there was nothing curious about his oc the "Or, to make an end, it is milleniumism, octhe theocythllt the world is going to blow up to-mocrow , orchestra's positive response to both the Bruckner and Bart6k's Second Violin Concerto ... " orthe day after, or two weeks hence, aud that all sweating aud striving are thus useJess" (Mencten, (Tribune, 6 Oct 95) SmIll'tSetOriic.iSJ1J ,237) "No matter how dumb you might feel, how wllltbless aud inferior, spend one daywatehing this stlJff "Hebegau scooping up feces aud tbruwing them at me" (R. fouts, quoted in Blum, 17teMonk'y aud you'll be walking tall" (Royko, 1 Nov 95) WIIn,16) CoIInII "Wbo arethe only father-son team to win au Oscar for the same movie'" (St. LouisPost-DisplltCh "Instead of tearing down the line, it should be enended" (lettertoTribune, 14 June triviaquiz, 28 Dee 95; is would be even wocse) 95) a-1UItiII PanlIiIic pp "I know you're surprised that me, 'Denise, the man hll1er,' is getting married" (The Buckets, 29 Aug "The book, ... sent to me by a publisher whom I won't embllrT1lSs0 by nauring 0 here, was written 95) by one June Stephenson ... " (R. Coffey, Sun-Times, 30 Mar 95) ..., AIIIJIIaic -- "I bad nothing to do with Abby's death- Tbere's no way they could prove I had" (Suspense: Pink Benedick.: I have the toothache. Pedro: Draw it. (Much AdoAhoUIN~ III.ii. 20-2 1, noted by Camelias) SYK) "To the British thereisno bero like Hocatio Nelson (1758- 18(5), aud probably never will be" (NYT "Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto aud her Singapore counterpart, Gob Oak, listento their Books, 8 Jan 95) national authems after her arrival there Wednesday" (Tribune photo caption , 9 Mar 95; there= in "Tbey may not h ave auy commercial value at the moment but will in the long run" (letter by Paul Singapore) Hindemith, quoted in Noss, hul HindemitIJintheUnited SUfes,60; 0 = have some commercial "Behind collapse of a building, au SO's investment that did too" (NYT beadline, 26 Mar 95) value) "Evidently they were unharmed, atleast seriously" (T enn, The Sevetl Seres, 124; = lit least they "But as it stands, A3 carries no explanatocyforce. It fai1s to do so because the reason it offers for weren't seriously harmed) accepting evolutionary theory seems to be no legitimate reaon at aU" (Laudau, Proprss IlJ1d lIS "Despite his mockery of East Coast liberalism, he visits there almost as frequently as Havel" (NYT Problems, 167) M8pZinc. 16 Jul 95) "She takes no umbrage, nor desires to pretend it" (Anderson, TheSlJn II1r 1l15CJFire, 474; it= dull "Parental overconcern with theirchildren's weight is definitely on the rise" (dietician quoted in NYT she takes any umhrage) MIJ,fJJ.Zinc, 17 Dee 95) "I am not X's linguistics advisoc (who is away on extended leave), so I ClUlDotcomment on the wock w-Is she has already completed towards her thesis" (Ietterofrecommendation, 1995; p-edieateNP = CoonIiaIte -..:a.e al8ID1Ut refere~alNP) . "The defense attributes Ms. Zion's death to the interaction of prescription drugsaud cocaiue, which "I remember the father in afather -son impersonatorpairfrom Dubuque telling me au elabOl'lltefantasy they say she took but did not tell doctocs" (NYT, 1 Ian 95) (although I'm not sure he realized it was 0) about runni.tIg into Usa Msrie Presley on the grounds of "I know what you could wear aud nobody would recognize you" (Wizard of Id, 12 1au 95) Gracelaud on Death Night a year 11I0" (NYT M4f".,Sept 24 95) "Ahl Colleenl The one you come home every night and tlI1t. about" (Jump Start, 1 Msr95) "Similarly, there's just a limit to the number of students that even the best teacher ClUlhave aud not "He'd simply been placed in a situation he didn't complebend. How well did she 0'" (Anderson, regard them as amah" (NY7Ml{fllZine, 28 May 95)" 11JeSUrs~:6lsoFire, 70; 0=comprebendit) 0dIa- "I could ask him to do simple tasks, and he would" (Sl1VI8e-Rumbaugb & Lewin, KllJ1zi, 46; 0 = "It was my body the police had decided that was lying back there in the charred roins of my cabin on do them) Lake Latimer" (Suspense: "Thedayl died"; Comp--traeeviolation) "... but he did discover Katharine Angell, utrong-minded, vemtileeditocwith soundliter1D}'taste, s.r.e COIIImiJD something Ross lacked and knew it" (NYT Boob, 2 ft¥ 95, 16; il= 'be lacked 0')

·pleasantJysurprisingly0nIrr rI V· ~ "A Human Rights W ateb-Mricareportearlierquoted soldiers admitting thlltthey tilled and raped

~onistointimidatethem" (Tribune, 1 Nov 95; Vllriable = domain') "I'U"Yeab,bringthey'llyou inbringsome"you(NYPDsome in"Blue,(NYPD21 MarBlue,95;12previoussentencereferredNov 95; refers to a soft drink)toOowers) Pied .. "~peating"My centralofconcernopera, we'Uhavein writing thisone essayat 8 o'clock."has been(WfMT,from the 3outsetMay 95;to oft'masser au=acC011JJlcount) of scientific "Jam~ Althea Thurber - the precise psychodynamics of whose trouhled marriage eludes even debate and scientific decision mating that does as much justice as I can to what we bave come to leII'D Mr. Kinney - divorced in 1935" (NYT Boatr, 10 Dee 95) about bow scienceworb" (Laudau, Scienceud V.t~ xiii; wbat I do = wbat the account does) "It is not necessary foc you to monitoc this process, but let us hope thlIt everyone rinses out the sink, SIappy"" whatever use to which it was put" (Miss Manners, 24 feb 95) ~ name"Mr Buggllle,and Miss youT ottlesee,hadat thistwenty-two"particular (Roaldmoment,Dahl,had Colledet6tades,aaet1y siny-six different715) ac:counts in his own "Say it's someone wbose interests are not precisely identica1 with those ofUnivena1 Trans, and keep "Neither"linkup cl$arWIth menor atpipeBotwinicksmoking Bridgearepermitted"... before (AA,Krunch26 MsrocKlang95) getthere" (Teny & the Pirates, 3 your suspicionstoyourse1f. I am" (Biggle, AlltIJecolanofdMr1:JJess, 168) July 95) "Voltaire created Pangloss as a parody of Leibniz, aud itis enggerated aud unfair to Leibniz-u aU "Just wait aud see what this harsh sun and wind does to your hair" (Crock., 3 Aug 95) good psrodyis" (Dennett, OIrWin 's06J1,ferouslde8, 239; all good parody is unfair to Leibniz'>

3 Dl'cf'mber 29, 1995 4 December 29. 1995 Cnejoilli. IJhce:reHt 01. awjIMdioe "ResideDlll of Oa.k.land's Sungate aeanmeDlllfeel secure eDOlIgh to leave their footwellfat the "It used to be said that jazz players were either black, Jewish, Italian or lrisb" (NY7MlfPZilJe, 25 door-and the door unlocked" (fnbune, 21 .June 95) June 95) "The difference hetweenhow the television p-oduction and her earlier eJperience lIffected heris ~UM*"'" emblematic of how much Lange has changed in three years" (fribune, 14 Ap- 95; conjunction '" Do you . they're doing this so the regulllC baseball players will sign a contract?' asked Sue reduction into lower Sf) fatherMcKervem,... triedwhoto impressstOOd atBluea fenceJay withsr.outsherlIl1dtwominoryoungre8pechildrencoaches"while (NYT,their 20-yellf-old22 Jan 95; lnJ:sband and "Thank you, and thank all of you listeners out there for your support" (WFMT Opetathon 95) noncoordinatr antecedent) "I do it myself now and then, and yet 1am neither an apoplectic, amwac, afelong:adivCll'U" Buffalo andNiigata are the cities intheir respective countries that are most renowned for having (Menden, SIJ1JutSetaiticiSJ11, 293) severe winters. "Y 0lI could not design a better eJperiment of aoss-species transmission of a virus than to transpJant Jna an organ from a baboon to a human, and then immunosuppressing the hell out of the humllOi to keep "I would judge my reactions similllfto what Jan and whit Bob said" (Arnold D, 24 Oct 95) iVromrejecting the organ" (biologist quoted in Blum, TbeMOIJ.tey WIUS, 225; different Compsin the two conjuncts) "Are you, or is someone you know, interested in a piano?" (WFMT commercill, May 95) "There is progress in philosophy just as surely as, if moce slowly than, there is in science" (Laudan, "It'sof herbeenchildren:at once...the" (Sun-Times,most repugnant22 Nov95fand perpleJing mystery in the murder of DebraEVI\llS and two Scieoccudl'll1ues, xiii) ~""1~ . "From my point of view (and 1suspect that from Duhem'stoo), thereat challenge of the Dubemian "He chose the l1-yellf-~abongse, who, with his closeAbutcommoneI'N friend NaiPoum analysis consists, not in showing how we can 'localize' fllsehood or truth, but rather in showing what rational strategies there are for se1eaing abettercompla" (Laudan, .ltvIfrr's.r IlJJd Its Problems, Sakara, was living in Surrey ... " (Td~6pZioe, 25 Mllf 95, 38) 44) "It can take about 40 minutes to get yourttdets and into the show" (Sun-Times, 26 Sept 95) a.nu. " alsoinfiltratedthegraduateinstitutionsthatepitomizedmaleprofessional-ism- Yale Law and HIIfVlICdMedical Schools" (.NY1MJI,¥llZioe, 27 Aug. 95) "In the remaining three chapters of Chomsky's book no evidence is used or argument adduced that would not be accept8hlein principJeto someone who still thought that the aims of generativerammllf ~ should be ... as they had been ... in Sy1Jt6aidilroetll1'eS' (Matthews, GrJutug6tiCll1TbeayiodJeUS, "Any customer bringioB paper bags back or canvas bags will receive $. OS credit" (sign, Mr. G, 95; in 213; shllfeddeterminer) , conten, b.•cifigures only in the first conjunct) "But, unlike Hill's last western, ... there's such a baroque lush.uess to the visuals, and gusto to the 0N'lf'==e performances, it fllfely seems heavy" (fribune, 1Dec 95) ran"Hetheforbadecountrywomenas thoughfrom itwearingwere hisJlaDlll,personalmen piggyfrom wearingbank" (fribune,their hair24longJan or95)growing beards and "Keep you your word, 0 Duke, to give your daughter; "Royal aides demand Prince Bet! British CIIf" «(Jf4VowHtrllld, 18 Mllf 95) "Gimme a good trap and a ptece of cheese and I'1J show you what else we can do" (Blondie, 16 Nov - You yours, Orlando to receive his daughter" (AsyouJikeit, V-iv.19-20; 3-partresidue) 95) Touchstone:Rosalind: SellfchingAnd 1mine.of thy(AswoundYoulikeI havehbylI-iv.42-4)her adventure found mine own. "lfigure I'1Jhire an eye kept on him" (Anderson, 1JJeStllrS~"'soFire, 22) "Since the days of Salome , who'sbeendepieted on film blTheda Barain 1918,AJJaNazimovain "But I've listened to Suspense attain new dramatic heights this season" (Ronald Colman, Suspense, I 1923, and Rita Hayworth in 1953, strippers have paradOXtca1ly achieved power through nakedness" June 53) (fribune Arts, 30 Apr 95) on"I thought/l.sh/ltlowmove?)I saw in the room a shadow move" (Suspense: The man within; Heavy- Constituent-Shift ~~".;-u 0wpI" 4im'ilddiaa "Save"Farmers25%andon flea1995waUmllfkets"and(sign,engagementca1endm!"New Orleans, 1995)(ad, Maroon, lHan 95) "There's nothing wrong with John whatsoever other than he killed a couple people" (friend of John "Tickets are available atthe gate orbycalJing 708-XII -XXXI"(WFMT commercial, July 95) - .-:a- "... Norman would have a hunch about what she was doing and either call or COlne home" (King, ~=:.;Jan 95 Tribune) lloseMllddtY, 50) "... he refused to accept that he needed treatment ... " (Sunday Times [London], 12 Mar 95) "Just yesterday Iforgot to eat lunch, to salute the general, my belt, and where I pllCked your jeep" "Whilst 1accept no one else had any part in her death , I remain to be convinced that she neceswi.ly (Beede Bailey, 27 July 95) "Be assured that Truman is seen playing poker and the piano ... " (NYT Arts, 30 July 95) intendedtating"Lawrence's journeyher ownlookedlife" to( Tdegnrp1J,be perilous"23(NY7MJI,¥llZioe,Mllf 95) 2 Apt 95) "The commission assesses that Iraq obtained or SOlIghtto obtain aU the items and materials ... " (UN $34,660."Afterpayingn" (NYT,laIes and27 Aughis toll95)collectors, each of whom received $3.50 an hour, he had a profit of report quoted by William Sartre, Tribune, 13 Ap-9S) That doesn't preclude hisJ??him winning. That doesn't prec1ude there being. riot. (evidence that "Nolen created the demandioB title role of Carlisle Floyd's WilJia5't8rk, in which he was seen by Houston Grand Opera audiences and on national teleVision" (Lyric Opera p-ogram, Nov95) Acc-qcan substitute for Poss-qwhen there's no possessive)

"IPai}*a"am fluent in~ASL and EnglishCUIjMrAi«-as well as have experience in ManuaUy Coded English and other "lfyou'U pardon me, Mr. Lem anson, I'm going home and start his dinner" (Suspense: Beware the QuietMan; IlJJdas Comp?) sign"So itsystems"passed a(fellowshipapp1ication,law forcing 8lternoon closure1995) of pubs to ensure that the armaments workers stayed at ''I'm not going to school and leave you home alone" (Curtis, 17 Apt 95) work rather than spent long hours propping up bm" ( Yai:rmil' Pwt, 18 Mllf 95) "I'm going in and take abatb, put on my makeup and get dressed for the party" (Hagllfthe Hmible, "He hellCdthe sound of crunching like a cricket song in the thin Mllftian air rather than felt the 6 Apr95) rroding through his ankles" (pohl & Thomas, MIlTS Plus, 1) ' ... notafantastic, pale green mystic lite W. B. Yeats, oramakerofcrudefalkplayslite Douglas "It depends on if you count 'whining'" (Dilbert, 20 Nov 95) Hyde, but auoble poet plus a great dramatic craftsman ... "(Mencken, SouutSd01i:ici.mt, 51) "I doubt if there are many black: adults who haven't had bad eJperiences with cops" (Royko, 26 Jan 95)

5 December 29. 1995 6 December 29, 1995 "What would make you really, really happyY 0 1. If further research confirms tlUII:esting tofu reduces "I am as agog as the next penon to see Lauren Racall back in theatrical harness" (Guardian, 20 Mar cholesterol. 02. If watching 'we X -files' while eating shortbread cookies reduces cholesterol" 95) (Sylvia, II Oct 95) "David Pacbrd and Bill Hewlett faced obstacles no lessiatimidating than did Jeny Klipfan, but had Em .. more breathing room" (NYT Books, 2 July 95) "And?: on We Net, personallippearance counts for nothing " (Doonesbwy, 21 July 95; Extrap "Without the robots, Man could not have gone as far or fast, or as effectively, outinto the Ga1IXy" usuallyobligatorywiW like, (Simek, AUtlJctnljJSof.&r1J, 117) P-4daioa "As a reviewer of orchestra concerts, I am as convi.ncedof asI amblffledbythe lIbilityofapowerful "Withabald fatber and two bald grandfatbers, I had ample warning what to expect" (Dear Abby, 10 guest conduetorto cbange the sound of an unfamiliar orchestra in We space of three rehearsals" (NYT May 95) Arts,13Aug95;RNRincomparative) ItaI8ald "They are not as beautiful to behold as I'm sure she is in her herringbone suit" (letter to Reader, 17 "So, Ed ... Do you thin.t. that snow's going to be coming dowlllike wey've been calling forY" Nov 95; I'm .rzngetspll'entheticalinterpretation) (Crankshaft, 30 Oct 95) "And believe me, be's reckoned to have sliced up more peop.le than most folk haveeut upSund.y "Jenny, Marvin needs his nails trimmed" (Marvin, 15 May 95) joints" (writer quoted in 18 Mar 95 Sun) "I'm not sure they'd be any bappier with us together miserable" (NYPD Blue, 16 May 95) UiMJ*iDw: SII:iJIJUI "Isn't her hair cute shortY" (overheard, 10 June 95) "The chances that folks who are poor in this city will take half a step in the right direction are 100 :hiciJB times greater if Marion Banysays, 'You know, we ought to try this,' than any other elected official "Oliver: Know you wbere you are, sir? in this city" (Newt Gingrich, quoted in NYT Maguine, 29 Oct 95) Orlando. 0, sir, verywe1i; here in your on:hard. "Gun laws may hurt more than help" (headline, Sun-Times, 30 Oct 95) Oliver: Know you before whom, SIt?" (AsyouJiteit, I.i.39-41) "An estimated 40 ,000 women ayeardie ofalcohol-re1ated illnesses, almost as many asbreast cancer" "Someone-and it bas never been revealed whom-from within the laborato!ytipped activists off to (Tribune, 26 Mar 95) We eIistence of Wose llIpes" (Blum, TiJeMOJ1keyWars, 118) "In all honesty, I must say that I heard from a great many more readers who agreed with you than with me" (Ann Landers, 24 July 95; CNPCviolalion?) V••• c:mmlKliMs "Simon and Chen's measurements detected companions much closer to T Tauri stars than was Ab.IotIII: ·blewithinfraredim . "(&7: Am., Oct 95, 136) "We can't lift with them, the shllpC they're in" (Simak, AJJthetnlpSaI' &rt1J, 154) ~realnamewasArtb~g, but New York baptized him Weegee because of the OuijabOll'd "My honest answer is that I expect this march to be tragically counterproductive, with the only black that was said to get him toa cadaver faster than a cop" (NJ'TM..yzzlile, 22 Oct 95; = futerthan a men benefitting to be Chavis and Farrakhan" (Carl Rowan, Sun-Times, 13 Oct 95) cop gets to a cadaver?) Adw:dJs "Very likely we have learned more from them than ever they from us" (Andemm, 1JJeSl6tYIIf'l:MSO "Bloomfield remarks thatsyntaI 'cannot entirely be separated' from morphology" (Mattbews, Fire,75) Onmtm6tiClliThcayinthcl/S, 62) "... it is no safer talking on a phone while driving than reading the newspaper or watching TV ... " " ... < Darwin> began to fancy himself a country clergyman after the model of the 18th Century (Sun-Times, I Dec95) naturalist Gilbert White, whose 'Natural History of Selboume' he had early loved" (Tribune Books, "More travelers do wan don't tip drivers of ~ buses and vans" (Tribune Tl'1lVel, 19 Nov 95) 30 Apr95) "Many adults I've talked to actually liked this film more than their children" (Siskel, Tribune, 24 Dee "Miss Manners is not asking for it back" (Miss Manners, 28 Apr 95) 95; niceillustration of the ambiguity) "Mahi-mahi over 50 pounds can do real damage to a boat and should be quickly brought under n-p.iDve-awdiIioMI control" (NclJ'.J'Wt'd, 8 May 95) "My husband, on the other hand , 5a)'5 his desire inaeuesthe more I refuse, and thaby practising, " smacked into a pillar 10 front of the store, knocking himself briefly Ul1COI1lICious"(Reader, 18 I'll enjoy it more" (playboy Advisor, Apt 95)

Aug95)"I'll dress all up" (Suspense: Want Ad) "Boats,... and the2 Apr95,oriRinality18; =of...hissufferedfiction sufferedmore ... ?)thefartber he got from his real-life sources" (NYT "It tends to be def10ite the furtber south you go" (D. Oil, 10 Sept 95) "Xa:.ought" (Kim C, 24 Dee 95) Tbe greater his success wasJ0 in interpreting Mahler, the lower his reputation wasl-0 among the "I want to try to cool it down a bit" (July 95) aitics. AuiIUry WJbI IDMJ*"W: i' .iMIlI'S Is it betterlpreferable to bold yourview? "Ought it, then, be that way now?" (Dennett, IJmrin 'sIJ81WenJusldca, 461) "... Xubn's Structure ought no longer be regarded as the locusdllSSicus. .. "(Laudan, ScieJ1ccud Is it any better/-preferable to hold your view? . V.rJucs.xiii) "Just as it is valuable for us to know of our own intemal states, the better to manage our own "There could lIpparently never be compelling grounds forsaying that one paradigm is better th8l1 existence, designers of mechanical devices need to sigul theinterlla1 sta1es oftheirmacbiJles, the another" (Laud an , ScicotxllDd V.rJucs,n; couJdin scope of both Advs) betterto keep them maintained andfunetioning" (Noonan, TumSi,pJlis, 127) "... the first publisher that I sent it to accepted itfortbwith, as any other in1elligentpublisberwould "Time passes at a different rate when we are asleep from wben we are awake" (Noonan, Tum have done" (Mencken, SouutSdOiliciS1l1, 9) Si,pJlis, 98) CIrA JMiw: fish: Hey! We're not the ones trying to put a book in your lip! (Broom-Hilda, 20Aug 95; pre~. "Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb" (Muc!J Mlo./JoutootlJio,f. V.i.278) P.dIoes is "somebody is trying to put a hook in somebody's lip", not "somebody is trying to put a hook 111 your lip") A: Not especially, I shouldn't think. a-p..w: B: Oh-bo. You shouldn't, shouldn't youl (Roald Dahl, CoUectedSh:xies, 610) "Thai cuisine is currently as bot afood fad as the tiny chilis that characterize many of its dishes" BwrtwnD10e (MacWorld, Mar 95, noted by Peter Daniels) "PlIpCf are piling up at the office. Whatever [sic] will I do?" (Cathy, 27 lan 95)

7 December 29, 1995 8 December 29, 1995 Dld you everl "Did you ever? "No facile blubberer, I assure you, I have yet rise.n from James Huneter's New CarmopahSwith lkuy0.;e_ Siift; more tears in these eyes, and wetter ones and bigger ones, than ever a chaplain of the Junior Order of "All you need dois place on the table with the meal a cool bottJe ofRoma hearty California United American Mechanicsgaveissue to at aforty-hackfunerat" (Me.ncken, SmIlltSe£{hiiciSl11. burgundy" (radio commercial, Suspense, 21 Sept44) 199; host is the "absolute" NP) 1If.emIs.-M r...ne "Your husband can't be thllt helpless, could he?" (Apt. 30,20 Jan 95) "He should he written to if we want him to come" (Nonna F, 31 Jan 95) IawniMs "Rut a study of 133 moms and habiesshowed thepeettybabies were heldclose1y and cooed to more often" (Sun-Times, 23 May 95) developed"But while thebroadlyaccepUllJ.tenets of distnbutionalism,Bloomfield's intheorywhich ofnotwhatmerelymeaningsdoes thewere,studyHlIITisinof languageparticularstart from "I refuse to be hetted on like this" (Roald Dahl, CoIIeaetEtm"es,446) form rather than meanings ... , but the eJllire investigation of meaning is 'put off ... until a formal description has been completed" (MlItthews, OnImm6Jia/11JeayiotlJeUS, 84) "Such patents are on the rise: 4,500 were granted in 1994, and nearly 5,400 are projected to be "Was ever uttered a less aphrodisiacal phrase?" (NYT Boob, 2 Ape 95, 10) ~ in 1995 ... " (Sci. Am. , July 95, 30) He actually can't get it through his head that we want to help him. Headsets and earphones are not permitted to be used at this time" (Business EIpress recotded It He can't actually get it through his head that we want to help him. announcement, Nov95) Can you actually not get it through your head thllt we want to help you? "Emily Dickinson is probably the most often set American poet" (Dawn Upshaw, 15 Dec 95) Can't'Can't youyougetactuallyit throughget ityourthroughhead yourthllt headwe wantthllttowehelpwantyou?to help you? Q jk fJoII: '?Can you not get it through your head thllt we want to help you? "She believed that little by little he came to some knowledge of her Labui Kmawa, the two races of it ~ that she both loved, ... " (Anderson, TiJeStJirsHe Il1soFire, 303; Q-float from object) 1lIIiIDB SW1SetS""Recesses(Anderson,and flutiogs TilemadeSUrsHea subtle6fsoFire,plItterD over142)which smoked the hues of a thousand different "You won't see many monuments to St. Thomas a Becket, because everything was ordered to be " ... and it looked as if here she would stay ... aU three of them would stay ... "(Grimm, BodJ'Kv.ro, destroyed" (guide, Chester-Cathedral, Mar95) 26) "Thank you. Please consider the record set straight" (Dear Abby reply to letter, 4 Ape 95) PteaAl81C "There it all was in the morning paper" (Suspense: "Gree.n-eyed monster") "=~~ably one of the hardest of anyone" (chicke.n farmer quoted in IS Aug 95 Sun-Times) Middle "... overlooks Chiago's most stI1JlJling landscapes and interesting sights" (WFMT commercial, Aug "You could sell me, but I convince easy from you, baby" (Suspense: Angel Face) 95) Nrpica ~UM*"" "He would have pulled it off if some white suburban cops, on a brilliant hunch, hadn't found the "If that comes to us in electronic form, the.n it's really fast for us to wad: on" (Use M, 5 Jan 95) JUD" (Royko, 12 Oct 95; parenthetical in scope of 0 'I) "... a generally very easy penon to wad: with ... " (Maggie R, 5 Jan 95) NqIIive •••• "Whether that istroe is complicated to assess" (T. Parsons, L&P17.431) "But I don't think you ought to turn me down quite so quickly ... " (Roald Dahl, Collected'itcries, "ThebuiIding COstonly$17milliontobuild" (Reader, 27 Jan95) 18) "lfyouhaveto0, there isno finerllircraft to crash in" (pilotquoted in Te1epttp1J. 18 Mar 95; 0 = .Nn-i...m.Mw crash in it') ••'" What merit's in that reason which denies The yielding of her up" ( Troilus ~ OessidJi Il.ii. 25) "Those were remarkable things to happe.n" (BRC, Mar 95) ••... the defenders to the death ofclause4 ... " (nvNews, 10 Mar 95) "lnl}'in(to his customers Joe was saying: You are important enough to abase myseJfbefore" (NIT "Eve.n thevanous plans of reveDgeRichard sets in motion ... all have the conceptual brilliance but M4fIl.Z1D~ 23 Ape 95) complete non-effect of Tull 's own high-literary novels" (TdbuocBoob, 14 May 95) "Mad, bad or both, Laura was certainly dangerous to know" (NYT Books, 5 Nov 95) VOI:I&M "I suggest that the differe.nce between the morphological transparency of SQJ11eaJJC, etc. and the morphological opacityof wilo, etc. is responsiblefor the ability of the former but not the latter to In a pig's eye he did, {youbastanl, "John}. hast reduced re1ativeclauses ... "( SPilE, 13.15) You put it where, [you bastard, 'John}? ••... a vast, undifferentiated herd of good-humored animals-Knights ofPytbillS, Presbyterians, Mixdl..,.. UM*•••• Ph. D. '5, Prohibitionists, readers of the SIIturrIIlY Ei'eJliJJ,f Part, admirers of Massanet, sitters on There are many, many, many persons who believe that. "There are few, few, few persons who believe thllt. (Me.ncken,comntittees. SmJirtSe£ChiiciSl11,weepers at Chautauquas,1) wearers of badges, honest householders, children of God" "Are you (" a) fan enough to win 1" (WFMT ad, May 95; d .... e.nough of afan ... ) "His release, unharmed, after two months was one of the factors thllt led the rebels to begin "Why don't each one of you guys hold a cup?" (Kim C, 16 Ape 95; IIdoesn't) Jlegotiations with the government ... " (NYT, 3 Nov 95) "They talked and sang as they worked, sometimes hardly eve.n watching their OWJl handiwork, it was "Her defense of Heidegger, when she knew better, is hard to forgive" (quotalioninNYT, 5 Nov95) so second nature to them" (SaV88e-Rumbaugh & Lewin, KJIDZJ; 240. Which is the subordinate f,1rt "Their failure would have been almost as spectacular as their success was, if less meaningful" of "They sometimes hardly even watched their own handiwork, it was so second nature to them' ? (Anderson, TiJcSta.rsNl' MlsoFirc, 18-19; =indelinite fllJ1urcbytlJem) The -nwin the quote suggests "it was ... ", but it's the other S that takes the subordinator in "Their •••••••••••••• handiwad: was so second nature to them (!J!!!:) they sometimes hardly even watchedit") and"Yale,BillofClintoncourse, toisbealsoits thetwouniversitymost distinguishedwhich is proudalumni"to consider-perhaps( CluCJwoMllIVOll, correctly-George9 May 95) Bush "... in one anecdote, he is laboriously bringing out photographic slide after slide of his defunct "Above aU, the book underscores that Romantic composers elevated, asdid Romanticpoets IlDd laboratory. trying unsuccessfully to convince the writer of his viewpoint" (Blum, TiJ~Monkey W.I1Y painters, once trivial genres to the level of the sublime" (NYT Arts, 4 June 95) ,121) "In play after play, which included 'The Entertainer' (1957) and 'Inadmissible Evidence' (1964), Mr. hundred••You havemorebroken1" (Simak,other laws.-.AU tlJeWhllttrIlpSaf.&rt1J,ofbreak:inR24)just one more? Why, if necessary, not break a Osborne vented his spleen at an England he regarded as parched, cramped, and soulless" (Tribune, 21Dec94) We SllWrour Spanish lIJld two Portuguese bullrighters. • I )who were favorites of the fans. r..•••iI •••• lIbWDI'e Several hundred of the enemy's horses/livestock have been captured. (poutsll1a, GnunmJlrafUt.e "Now, alii want is someone to bold my bllDd wben I pick out lawn furniture" ("Miami RbllJ'sody", Modt.'U1 fin,flisIJ, 190, gives the htnr:r version IIDdinfers that htnr:rbasbeen deleted after srm'61 quoted in NYT Arts, 9 AJr 95) hU11drerf; 0Ibpia ~- . "She seems in raLber a hurry to me" (Roald Dahl, CoUl!Cfe(f;tories, 193) "Simpson then asked to speak with Arnelle, who later picked up his young daughter, Sydney, then 8, "SomeareindifferentoroutrigbtJ'!'!outrigbtJybostiletoreligion" (N17' Boob, 10 Dec 95) and son, Justin, then 6" (Tribune, 17 Feb 95) ...... ,...... "ShllDOon Lee, who has no interest in participating in the martial arts that made her Iefather Bruce Null••••• JftpJIiIioa and brother Brandon famous"(200ct 95 Tribune; l.rteappliesto both conjuncts) "... geographer Stephen Richard Higley's recent boot ... , which mllJ's out where rich folh live based on their listings in the 1988 SR" (Cecil Adams, Reader, 11 Nov 95) Hey, you two/"three. You twolthreeCIID do this. "Terry Southern was JrObably denied amore ringing critical (llDd economic) endorsement in "But they're also more 1it.elyto get in trouble, such as joining gangs, he said" (Sun-Times, 7 July Hollywood based on two factors: ... " (NYT Arts, 12 Nov 95) 95) "Hong Kong's Sept. 17 vote for democracy ... was a blow to Beijing IlDda rebuke to London, the capitatsin charge of Hong Kong's future" (fribune, 26 Sept 95; splitanrecedent) Atbds Anthony"Ten daysHopkinsbefore thein December'spremiere of TrickyOliver Stone'sDick derby"'Nixon'(Sun-Times,film, Beau8 BridgesDec 95) get! a head start vs. "footrllces vs. Trains Yield fines" (Sun-Times, 26 Dee 95) Aldwortb was built some dozen years ago. (poutsma, Ontmmllrof UteModem ErJ,fIisIJ, 192; • -> P'. A' 0) "How do you keep yourself so in shape?" (TV movie) the whole Bronx ??the/"0whoJe Brooklyn GeIIiIivI! "Other postponees, though not in every case as in bliss about it while at study, were Shaeffer llDd the poet-novelist-essayist June JordllD" (fribune Boob, 20 Aug 95) fancy: I'm going to make a recording of this conversation for both of our benefits. (NYPDBlut', P' •••••• 9U.May 95; = the benefit of both of us; both of us's '?benefit/"benefits) "Mommy, under the bed needs to be undusted" (family Circus, 7 Nov 95) "I have to get it clear. forbotbofoursakes"(pohl, VaicesofHeawn, 31) P' • objed ~ p "Both of their stock. is dropping" (overheard, 21Dee 95; = [both ofthem)'s stock) "The pseudomonas bacteria lurk all over the place, including in the urinary traet" (Sun-Times, 12 Jan 95) "This is the JrOblem of putting a mIlD of genius into a story in such a fashion thlt he will seem "Money keeps coming in, including from the sales of this single" (UK radio, 18 Mar 95) real-in such fasbionthat the miracle of him will not blow up the plausibility of him" (Menden, "TheJretensehassucceededspect8£Ularly, including in Washington, .. ,"(NYTM'W, 9 AJr 95) SmJlltSetOiticism, 46; the plausibility of him = his plausibility, the miracle of him ••his miracle) "There is no smoking onthe Alcobus, including in the rest room" (announcement, June 95) "I don't know [whose all] this is" (Kim C, 24 Dee 95, in context evidentJy with the interp'etation corresponding to the brackets) "At one point, I expressed dismay that, unlike when I attended Nort.hwestern, now there was a "Her hair, I'll wager, is the shmes of any soprano's in history" (NYTMIpZint'. 23 July 95) segregated fraternity system" (letter, NY7Ma,pzirJe, 14 May 95) ~ cI-.s •••tJIOlIWf*U "Unlike in the movies, nobody was wounded" (Sun-Times, 25 May 95) youlwe/?they who know this ?'!he who knows this ·O••• ive- "A high in the lower 80s except for in the 70s along the lake" (WFMT, 8 Jnly 95) "The display included three sets of antJen, which, of course, were promptly stolen" (playboy, At-" SInIda'e"We can pinpoint~ N'I it to early in the summer of 1923" (J. Joseph, LSA, 7 Jan 95) 95, 13) Fnz "... the reason that I mention that detail ri,ht away is that the fight betWeen Rob Roy and his snake of anemesis comes at the end of the picture' (Siske1, 7 AJr 95 Tribune) "There are few enough things you'd 1iketo keep how they were" "You gatta take it how it comes ... Let me do it bow I gotta do it" (NVPD Blue, 21 Mar 95 , 2" Oct 95) of"Thealaboratotysame notebookin WesthasOrange,drawingsNJ"of(NY7M'WuUJe,other unrealized projects,14 May 95)including ahearing aid IlDdachateau· "You get to listen to it bowever long you wm" (Blockbuster radio ad, March 95) "You were what counted, Dagny, and Juliana was who eased the confusion out of you" (Anderson. "MexicllOS arecertain1y not more aggressive a people thllDthe British" (NormllD, TumS{foms, 191) 11Je StJtrsJlJ'e Rlso Fire, 24) "It is no harder a drinking town thllD IlDYother town in the wes of ScotIllDd, or come to thllt, in "The concerns are Jrimarily those of radiation-induced heart disease. Wbilerare, this was caused by how radiation was given in the •60s and '70s" (Tribune letter, 8 Dec 95) ScotJllDd" (ObIlD tourist board official, quoted in Tribune , 9 Aug 95) lbiemidiw: their majesties King George IlDdQueen Elizabeth "All of the interviews were taped, which I thentransaibed" (admissions dossier, JIlD95; othe "their holinesses Pope John IlDdPope Paul Takeall/"boththese. "Ifantecedentthe organism'the interviews'did lack DNA,orisitunderstoodand RNA, the f10ding'taperecording(s)'?)would mean thllt it was not a virus or IlDYother tomorrow evening. "the day after tomorrow evening. known type of infectious agent, all ofwbich contain genetic mllterial" (Sci Am, Jan 95,50; "hicft = "Glaring exceptions to such standards today SJring not from essential changes in ballerina status or viruses llDd other known types of infectious agt!1lts'!) finesse but from unsuccessful cllDdidates for the position chosen by ballet masters in name only" "TheothCli is daughter to the banish'd Duke, (Stagebill, May95) And here detain'd by her usurping uncle "I would thou badstbeen son to some man else" (AsfUubhit, I.ii.21") To keep his daugbterj company, Wb:~loves "I sense Carolyn's same Jrimalhunger myself at least once every blue moon" (NYTMlfYuUJe, 1 Oct Are dearerthllD the nAtural bond of· '." (AsJ'l'uitl"eit, I. ii. 263-6; splitllDtecedent) 95) "And three orfourloving lords have put themselves into voluntary exile with him, whose lands and "aSpanishlittJegirl alittJe Spanish girl revenues enrich the new Duke" (As J'l'uitl"eit, I.i.97-9; ",haR.' probably = the lords')

11 December 29, 1995 12 December 29, 1995 "These were especiu.llywritten for a ~ quartet that was comprised of two gifted young violinists inthe sense that the "identities" of 73nonexistent children do) studying at the school, Blanche Raisin and Jean f. Harris, Hindemitb as violist, and Genrude as fountain pens are still manufactured. II' fountain pens still aremanufaetured. cellist, whose limited skills on the il1ll1tUmenthadto be accomodated" (Noss, PMulHiJ1demitlJintlJe "Yes, you can buy a Mercedes- Benz on Friedrichstrasse in East Berlin, where only the tiny, Umter!SUres,123) soot-spiuing East German-built Trabants once chugged" (NYT Magazine, 5 feb 95,46; once> only) "Of particular intecestis the 14thCentury when the productivity of this process was relatively low "... Jane Grant estimates that he hired and fired some 300 people during the first two years" (N1T

(AJ1shen/and duri~ich offleetureabsttaet,century three of theOct95)possible prepositional prefues ceased to be subject to " "WhenBoab,most2 Aprshoplifters95,7; evidelltmcaning:are apprehended,tbm:theywm:300pcnollllJ:have in their walletssuchortbathehimtxpurses enoughandmoneyfired.)to have o.iIIiaa fI. •• r,urehased the items they Ittemptedto steal" (Zazz, 20June95) "{have akind of self [0resides with you)" (Trwluscf~if.f lII.ii.146) 'Butin any ease, some of the islands are also claimed by five other countries" (NY7MII,fJlZim!, 27 "Who were those (0went by)?" ( Trwluscf fressfd8I.ii.l) Aug. 95; intended meaning apparently is: there are five other countries that claim one or more of the "Had I a sister [0 were a grace), or a daughter a goddess, he should take his choice" ( Trwluscf islands) fressfiM Lii.238-9; note also gapping in second conjunct) "If you kick your drug hlbit, you may still not get your kids bact" (judge quoted in N17MlpZioe, "There'saplace next door will do it" (Simat, AlltlJetnprolE6rt1J, 21) 15 Oct 95; Jtl1Ifollows .D18ybuthas higher scope) '''Whit's a South Carolina virgin?' the children jote in 'River of Names,' one of her short stories. "10.000: Minimum fee, in dollars, an eeonomist can command per speech afterwioning the Nobel" 'At's a 10-year-oid 0can run fast'" (NY1Ml{fuiJJe, 17 Dee 95) ( TtilJUJ1aVl{fllZine, 17 Dee 95; evidently means: the laureate can demand thathe be paid $10,000, "There is nothing (2) doth more awaten our thoughts or excite our minds to enquire into the causes of not thlt $10,000 is the minimum he can demand to be paid) such things, than the actual view of them" (Thomas Burnet, quoted in Rosen, 11JeJlOJ11IlJ1J:ic Vice .•••. OeotnttfOll,143) ... and conversely. [is I'ireftnlranAdv?) • butBillsaidthatviceversa.. .'. butnotv. v./conversely. • butBillsaidthltconversely. "Hi, Mr. Wilson. I brought some friends over I'd lite you to meet" (Dennis the Menace, 21 June 95) (does vice versa have to be preceded by .mdla-All:r') a.m.m ??everyondtalian everyone who is Italian (Nigel V?) Taar:.a.m:t'aaIZ aquiet, pleasant place •somewhere pleasant, quiet (Dick.Hudsongives these examples, noting "At this moment he's probably seeing quite as well as he did before" (Roald Dahl, CalleetedStaies, that while an indefinite pronoun can host one A, it can't host two) 32) "Places in italic type were inthe former Soviet Union" (NYT graph caption, 16 July 95) "Two weeks before Christmas, he was fired Monday because at ~e 79 he no longer can hold the . ~~.""-Ue.al ..-=e ••••...• ..n.iay children on his lap" (Tribune, 13Dee95;twotime-Iocativeadvetb1als) .. Sarge: Sometime I'd lite to be here when I'm gone. (Beetle Bailey, 13Aug 95) .....,., a.....IJlis "Then he sbookMrZuckermann warmly by the hand... " (Roald Dahl, caUi!ctedStaies, 164) "To whit Reinbardt desaibes ashis own amazement, the wild-running cattle were farmore prolific" ~ (Blum, TlJeMao.teyWllrS, 192) '''What's in the scroll,' quoth he, 'thoukeepestfurled?'" (Browning, 'A grammarian's funeral', 47, quoted in Harris, 11JeLugulf,fe Mj't/lJ Milwaukee"Bryan T. Sisson,girl on atheLasInternet,Vegas manwas sentencedwho solicitedTuesdaysex fromin U.whatS. Districthe thoughtCourtwasin Milwaukeea 14-year-oldto 21 months inyrison" (Tribune, 28 Sept 95) T•.••.•.•••• ThreeI. "I tolddifferentthe firetreatmentschiefthlt oftheJlVtinguy whoquotationshandlesin[excrement)newspapers:for the police department is off today" "They can't prove who I am" (Simat, How-2, 86) (Chicago Police Bomb Squad officer quoted in4 Dee 95 Tribune; he undoubtedly didn't mean ~""fiaricw.m:.. 'excrement') "Most men's cars are pretty important to them" (person quoted in 19Oct 95 Sun-Times) 2. "Those shoes are [garbage)" (r.:rsonquoted in 7 Dee 95 Richard Roeper column) 3. "Where I was born - Greenville South Carolina - smelled lite nowhere else I've ever been. Cut "After the war, Graves withdrew to his home on Majorca, where he held generous court, ... " (NYT Books, 5 Nov 95) wetTwoargrass,11Jreesplit~11lio,p7KoowlarSure,apple, blby [expletive)quotedandinbeerbottJes,NYT Magazine,cheap17Decmatup 95;andshitherewaso'tmOla oil" (Allison,an "The Prince of Wales It least showed up in royal person this fall ... " (Tribune, 27 Dee 94) "(,ord... is at his serious, preoccupied best as the yuppie of the '80s who still haso't gotten the :r'=::L ~ message thlt greed isn't good in the '90s" (Siste!, Tribune, 15 Dee 95) "And so sevenyears after making both their rather co1od'ulacquaintaoces, Icourteously narrowed the boy's"Whenmother,Rousseau'swho father,had diedweinlearnthe samefrommanner,the 'Confessions,'Rousseau wouldproposedsay,to'Nowspeatwe'reto hisgoingson aboutto weep'"the dynamic by accepting my wife's divorce" (NYTMIf,f, 9Apr 95) ItIdinlct. Rai-4inlct.-....e (NYT"ThomasBootKunk:e1hasReview, written22 Jan 95,a fullynotedroundedby SYK;accountempathyof Ross'sshift) career that does the editorthatRo!lS. "... not merely the tape-recorderchanting the alphabet, but hypnosis, deep recall , heaven knew was justice and entertains aswell" (N1T Boob, 2 Apr 95, 7) whit ... " (Pobl, W1J6levet'collJ1JS,290) "Passeau won thetbird game, using his blinding speed to piteh only the second one-hittecin World "Just in his spare time-although God knew, he thought, a man had little enough of thlt, working Series history" (Tribune, 8 Mar 95; = to pitch whit was only the second ... ) ftfteen hours a week" (Simak, How-2, 69) Even/?Only his noveiliall bore me. ~ fI. opaw.cn "Controlled Demolition Inc. will use less than 100pounds of carefu.Llypiaceddynamite to implode SaIpe the building Tuesday morning" (Sun-Times, 22 May 95) "He'd been retired lite I0 years when I ftrStstarted knowing him" (NYPD Blue, 12 Dee 95) "No"A NewfoodYorarkdrintCitytowomanbe consumedwho usedin 15thisnamesvehicle"and(sign,falselyGlasgow,claimed toMarhave95)73 children pleaded guilty ~ in August to defrauding stlte and local welfare authorities out of $450,000" (Reader, 27 Jan 95; "Ishall be arguing thlt there areimportant nonempirica1, even 'nonscientific' ... factocswhich implies thal there are 73 children sbe claimed to have, not in the sense that 73 such children exist, but have-and which sbouldhave-p1ayed arole in the rational development of science" (Laudan, Projress IliJdIts Pl'vOir!.J", ,j; cancelllltion of implicature should !Jaw -> dido t) 95) ~ "Shortly after its government went bust, the Cuyahoga River that runs through town combustedfrom "What's her name, who does the 'Sylvia' strip, should lelU11that if you can't read the words, who's gaseous pollutants ... " (TribWle, 28 Sept 95) going to try to read the stripY" (Tribune comics survey, 30 Jm 95) "In Hamberg and other North Dakota outposts, collapsing boildings are scavenged for lumber" (NIT MJWJlZio~ 15 Oct 95) Nuphokv "AU I tan tell you about this dilltYis, ifitautbenlitates, and 1think it will, there'll be a 101. of sweaty "Tell them to staybid/"hiddenouttil1 ... " (Suspense: A present for Renny) palms on the west side" (Murder One, 5 Oct 95) 0aIiIiw: )- "New study supports fish's benefit in diet" (SWl-Times beadline, I Nov 95) ""He... accuratelywas more dark-complectedquantitates all of yourthan samples"the other (mail-orderone" (NYPD ad,Blue,noted24 byOctPeter95) Daniels) ~ "You're going to start me at 300G's , aren't youY" (Doonesbury, 25 July 95; 300 grand/'grands; but because"But if Smithman-eatingjunior alreadycows teatureinhas the somemisguidedtelevisionnotionscience-fictionthat certain co"sserialarehecarnivorouswatebes) , ...(perhaps" (Hmis, cr. computerese: 800 K/'K's) TlJeLaoguIlpMyt/J,30) ". '. at least two of his Mercedes have been confiscated ... " (Tribune, 24 Jan 95) Wife: Is there anything you can do? Hoffman: Not much, eIcept sit around feeling sorry foc this "For the past decade every one of our 'Battle of the Bmds' has taken place in a downpour" (Funky ~ kid and obsessing about Richard cross. (Murder One, 2 Nov 95) Winderbean, 23 Oct 95) Yes. I remember. He would bave jubilated" "No gatherings jubilate" (Anderson, 11JeS,•.ure-'so Fire, 346,502) "I speak. but brotherly of him" (Asyoulikeit,I.i.I46-7) "Heaven predestines aU inlite fashion" (Auden, llues ~) leisurely'"A pot of coffee(Riggle,arrived,All tlJecalorsofd6r.ttJess,mdthe pie-a whole pie166)for the twoofthem-llOd tbeypoJished it off "Itis true that polecats, lite fOIes, will surplus kill if let loose among poultry ... " (TeJ~ 18 "But you moved with Wlearthlyease, and if you dropped something, it fell dreamlikes1owly" Mar 95) (Anderson, TlJeSUrsue6lsoFire, 152) "He manages anotber building as well-and now ,inadditiontodriving abus, substituteteacbes" (NY7M",-.zioc, 2 Apr 95) "... one of the city's most higb-crime neighborhoods ... " (NYT, 30 Apr 95) ~'She was court-ordered not to have an abortion" (lawyer quoted in 26 Sept 95 Tribune) "Medicine's minorest moments" (Burnt Offerings, 27 Sept 95) "We long-range spied their home planet once, too" (pobl, ApoftIJePussyfoot, 100) "Cleantbes insistJI that God's mind is lii:etIJehumlliJ- and agrees when Philo adds 'the liter the O-po,..G •• ~ .-; •••• better'" (Dennett, OJJrWin S 08n.ferous 'deB, 30) "Aleap abeadin polymerstecbnology" (Headline, 11JcLarnp, Winter 95, 17) NroIcp-s Wedf""'" "... the recently widowered Hume Oonyn and Jimmy Stewm" (Roeper, SWl-Times, 25Jan 95) "But Winnetka police said Wednesday that they are re-interviewingwitnesses ... before issuing their "Presently, an agent has ooIy tbree choices in processing low-fltetransactions: Lose money, service charge clients, or refuse a ttansaction" (TribWle Travel , 5 Feb 95) report""Before (fribWle,we go back19Jmand re-interview95) him ... " (NYPD Blue, 31 Oct 95) "Now introductory priced at only $XX" (auto ad, WFMT, Feb 95) "Jury Resentences Cop Killerto Death" (SWl-Timesheadline, 6JWle95; lIlticlemakes c1earthat it "Under this system, art schools find themselves pressurized to produce tangible results" (BBC, Mar refers to anew death sentence, i.e. re- + [sentence to deatbJ) 95) re-replicate re-renovate "re-resume "re-reform ?Yre-repair (EdS,"Did 1copy3fJan95,that ~ =sendP.G.you, JohnY"a(Eliz.copy T,of the14 Mayletter)95) "You might copy Phil Gossett with thltletter" "He saatehed his cheek and stared puzzledlyattbe players around him" (Wallace, Oel.yin :nusit, "He "as adept, of coone, with the variously sized and curved scalpels ... " (pobl &.Thomas, YES 139) Plus, 249; = scalpels ofvarious sizes and curves) r.howgrap~'They are evil satiresphlltoN/.yth"8tout-poststtueturalize the deconstructionistJl"• (NY7M'W"uitJe,15 Oct 95) pointed,"With a glove,which youfUlgerssimplysre bent,point and whichthe glovearewiggliDg"itself is instrumentedo(Norman, TumSi,pWs,determine where60) it is being "< Vidal> once wrote of Mary McCarthy that she was 'uncOlT1lpted by compassion'" (NY1M",-.zioc "Place ovenablepaperboard container on cookie sheet" (instnJctions forTrader Giotto's Manicotti , 15 Oct 95) Florentine, noted by mc S) "Building plIltiallysprinklered" (Sign, Manhattan, Aug 95) "... he talked bimself hoarse catching his mother up on recent events" (NIT MJJ,PzitJe, 25 JWle 95) "Did"The youcompetitiveproeessmaintenence the !,asgruelingExplorer?" (Walnutand lawyerCove,intensive"26July95)(llCllSOD, Apr 95, 32) "The lamps ahead glared the stars away from her" (Anderson, 11JeStarnre 81m Fire, 109) "Histone, deliberately coarse, gentled" (Anderson, TlJeSUrsue6lsoFire,24) shelter"With ac0D1pUter... " (TribWle,as his9 Octsole95)companion and soulmate, he could c.ybernattinhiseleetronicfallout •••••••••••• B-.:t. r•••.••••••• laiaa"The door aeak.ed open" (Suspense: A tale of two sisters) p-esident""But I don't(}farryagree thatBrowne,I am Mayaggressing9S l.ihl!Jtj)against anyone by running for president or by being "The Mudes seem to bave struck very lucky" (person quoted in TeJt;fl'lIPI1. 18 Msr 95) "Anyone found flyposting or defacing this stnJeturewill be prosecuted by Maiden Outdoor" (sign, "We"... wascouldcomplementtheirregistrltion"probably reinstnunentated by C.P.(MaggieE. Bacb"(WFMT,16July95)R, 5Jan 95; = make complementary) London, Mar 95) Shanghai is the second most populous city in the "orld. quidlyrestituted'"In all, some 100,000(lleJlSt1lJ,physicalApr93,properties,30) including farms, houses, and small businesses, "ere 'Shanghai is very populous. ?? .. more populous than New Yark. "Both pllltiespolitickedheavily" (lle.uwt. 32) Y... the most populous city in Asia "If you play afew games, you really start to Wlderstand more of bow the machine is arcbiteeted ... " "Only weeks 8fterthispromising meeting, King Chulalongkorn died, aged 58, never having c1-rPed (D Crabb, quoted in 27 Sept 95 MJJrOOJ1) eyes on his daughter-in-law" ( 25 M •. 95, 39) "Well, perhaps wecouldincentpeople by mentioning " (WFMTOperathon "I think the situation is a whole TeI~",-.ziot',lot more dire than people seem to think here in Washington" (Maggie

15 D~r.emb~r29, 1995 16 December 29, 1995 R., 12 May 95) "... the state has to either justify the restriction ot pay fot the value that is being deprived" (R.. ~ Epstein,quotedinHe.avD, Ap-95, 38) "Among the evidence: ... " (Sun-Times, 12Jan 95) independently of X "It doesn'tcut really large wood" (NYlMD,fJtZioe, 10 Dee 95) "Oswald escaped his motller's clutcbes ... into the Marines It Bge 11" ( TnlJune Boob, 14 May 95) IiIIi.-. One day you'll cease to be. 'You are. 'You'll continue to be fot many years.

"Ejected"However,Pippenaccordingthrowstoaonefit, seniotdum" (Tribunesource, Cbannel4beadline, is25readyJan 95)to risk:'having the boot thrown at it' s,e.a ann••• ew. "- nI1berthao accept 'judgmeotbyinnuendo'" (Sunday Times (London), 12 Mar95) "... but they complain that there is nothing for them to do cr place to hang out wben they are on "A small number, including MrsRenshaw, got carefully to their feet and threaded their ways with a campus and between classes" (UC memo, May 95; missing uy?) kind of concealed baste between the tables and througb the doorway" (Roald Dahl, CoUeetedSia:ies, "Neither Simon nor I besitates to scold our respective parties wben we feel it has strayed off course 495) otdeparted fromimportaotprinciples" (William Reotsebler, Sun-Times, 19June 95)

"I"Why?knewBecausethat whatit 1ishadeasierwastoonegivechancesomeonein athemillion,fingerbutthan1knewa helping1 hidband"to take(R~o,it (Suspense:11 Oct 95)Dead of had""Green(Sun-Times,was referringfMayto his95;boyboodpresumablyfriendmeans:Larry MartinIbex suchDemery-thethat Green said][only friendwas theGreenonlysaidfriendhe everhe Ni bt) everhad) "~got his, and so'll they" (Suspense: Tree of life) "The average flea weighs one-millionth of a pound" (.NYT M'If.rz:ine, 22 Oct 95; would be OK "If I can't put her out of her misery, at least I can put myself out of mine" (Cathy, 16 May 95) without thebypben) "Who's Really Who" (headline on Mu Frankel column, NYT Magazine, 19Nov 95) "As the number of AIDS cases in women rise, so do the number of cases in children ... "(Blum, 11Je I.c:IiaII _..n Mankt;yWIIlY,214)0- "The system dates from 111 least the turn of the ceJltUry"(Matthews, Gnu1JmJilia/11JeayiJJ tlJe US, 148; = at least as far back as the turn of the century) "No otlIer corpse bas meant m much to analion than Eva Peron's to Argentina" (author quoted in "But Prof. Hans Fricke... says in the journal N6lUretoday that the population has mote than halved" NYT, 30 July 95; -w... dJuX so... H) ( Telep¥p!t, 23 Mar 95; = decreased by mote than balf) •••••llfi- "By scnte.ncing Wei Jingsheng ... tDanother 14years in prison on drummed up sedition chilies ... " "I am a lJ-year-oldeigbthgrader and I'm abuge Beatlesfan ... " (lettertoZazz, 19Apr95) "Tresirmlos /Twobrothers, one sister" (Chicago 1995Latino Film Festival brochure, noted by (Tribune,"It wasn't just15Deethe95;~thieemalapropismdaysfor"ttumpedof oratuy up"?)on Bosnia" (Sun-Times, 18 Dec. 95; evident ElisaS; 'Three siblings' would be ridiculous as thetranslalion) intentionforgettable) "She also gave her enthusiastic approval to the ideaof his accepting ateaching engagement at IIJ1W1'CDII"tli:IDI "Fully to a~atethe book, the reader must be educated in the languBge of music theay and Northwestern~ there" (Noss,University,Pilui Hi.adeJl1.lilJiJJpromising tome5pOllliorUllitd!ilJlles,a performance30; Hindemithof his stringis inquartetllGermany,if be camereferswere to harmony. .. (Robert Craft, in TJibllLle Boab, 14 May 95) to travel to the USA. tDa place bundreds of miles away from wbere Mrs. Coolidge was writing) "Percentl1geof people who wear seatbelts regularly: 58" (RaJdJ, Mar 95) \Yriuee~ immott81 in Anderson's Bnifgeof6Milho.D Ye4lYmelllli'can (not die)' ,not 'not (candie)' We sure (Ill surely) needed that thunderstorm. ,,~~~ butte?" (movie line quoted in NY7M'lfllZine, 15 Jan 95; d. spelling in old ad: "Best bottle Surely we needed that thUnderstorm ••StJrewe needed tbat thunderstorm. I'veeverbuttled"; < budt"l') Suddenly the thoughtl'beliefstruckme. •••••••••••• "Her father... waS~s with George Gershwin" (NYT Books, 5 Nov 95) Ibe street fiddler/?violinist( d.Picasso's" El violinistacallejero") (.NYT"Homicide"M'lfllZine,'s Henry22 OctBrometl95) used to write short stories for The New Yocker. "Of course we aren't talking revolution or any such foolishness today, neither you and 1nor they and ~. I" (Anderson, 11JeS1IlnIll'r! s1soFire , 399; weident:ifiedwithbothinclusiveandeIclusive Ipl.) "Irish Karaoke Nights'l:, Manchester, Mar 95) "He's stupid, but be ain't dumb" (Suspense: A preseot for Benny) Odoew ••••••• SeIecricweI.....,;rticws Geraa "Tbat's why it's cbeap enougb for us to afford" (pobl, VoicesofRe6JT'.D,268) "Se. Majestiitder KOnighabenmitSr. Majestiitdem Kaiser aller Reussen ein Off=und Defensiv= "I don'twanttD rain on Batman's parade, butbisnew bOlC-officerecord is slightly tarnished" (Ebert, Btindnis abgescblossen" (proclamation of Friedrich Wilhelm III, 20 Mar. 1813, noted by Rich Janda) Sun-Times, 20 June 95) OII1'inSunday evening w'on the evening onI'in that evening st-i* VIIil:ae AIIpn "Meanwhile, officials at the Chicago Historical Society, the Art Illlltituteof Chicago and the Museum Alejandra(to Fernando):Tnyyonopodemosvivirell1J1Q.sinel otrQ..(P6SionesSeaet.u, 27 Jan 95) of Science and Industry are brainstorming bow they, too can create an electronic 'doorway' into their "... que estenfelicesunQalladode laolr!" (telenovela, winter 95) .. institutions" (Tribune, 2 Jan 95) Laura to Macario: Si no me habria enamorado de Josl!Maria, 10habria hecho de d. (L6IJueiU, 5 Oct "I kept that picture beeauseit was so good of Cindy" (NYPD Blue, 14 Feb 95; = it was sucb a good 95) pietureofCindy) o.:t.w.ds "India is a very different place m Malaysia and a very differeut place m Cbina" (researcberquoted in "Tal vez unespecialistaaleman, unfi1osofoquebayabecbo delafilosofiasu especialidad, yen~ 23 Jan Sun-Times) baya enterrado, matAndola antes, su humanidad, eIpJiearamejoteso de la ciencia, cuyo ftnesti en si "Such a contrast from the Clinton crew, sigbs Mr. Fitzwater ... " (NYT Books, 5 Nov 95) misma ... (Unamuno, Semimie.DIoTnl,peo ... 33) "The ban was imposed in 1993 after concern was raised that pandas were becoming in such great EUipIis demand by zoo operators that their survival in the wild in China was heing jeopardized" (Sun-Times, Sebastian: Se est! enamorando de ti. Marialejandra: Pero yo no de l!1.(flwOoes~, 30 Dee 9<4) 31 Mar95; became + P') "Arreglamos 10sque otrOUlOpueden 0" (car repair commercial, ch. 44, July 95; 0 = arreglar t)

17 18 "No {Iuedo pcrmitir que calumruen aalguien tan cllballero. Sobre lodo, 0 siendo wnigos" (Vargas tit! = jkiDeIIiw: L1osa, P6fll41rony/as ViSJiadOf7l5, 236; 0 = usted Y yo) "Eso es mi vida, no la de eUa" (nu;ont'Y~,lO Jan 95) ldeabLy Nicanor: Es sabre ese hijo de T e1ma y mio. (MJlJit'ieJJJl, I Mar 95) Reina: No pasanada. Telma: Peropuedepasar. (Mllrie/en/{ 30 Dec 94) "Ello es un asunto de el y mio" (Mntie/eJ1Jl, 10 Apr 95) "Notienenadaqueperderymuchoqueganar" (MadeJenlJ, 31 Mar 95) R.egina: /,Dequi~nesestelugar? Jose Maria: Mia. (LaOuei1i, 28Aug 95) Use ~ ~ rOlJllli 0iIia ~ "Yolanda me hasuicidado" (EJ1wTini~.u, 730) "Las niftasestan creceditas" (LlIZosde Amar, 27 Nov 95) "E1pueblo estA ml\s allacito" ( Uzos de Amar, 28 Nov 95) "YTnI,p'cano 10 puedeporque.. 101; io showsel finthatde laeJlil1vidadeesIIIviviryui1Jlisnoloa predicateescomprender"NP, notWithstanding(Unamuno, itsSentimimtopreceding the Los teugo compraditos. (ES: only in sense of (persons) 'bribed' or 'paid off'; lOSfe./{focompntdos V) could aho have the literal sense of (goods) bougbt) "... creer en Dios ante todo ysabre todo es querer que khaya" (Unamuno, SentimienJo TnJs1'co.. _ GeaIkripftd 105) Qaudia: Eresun buenmuchacho, y Melisatambien. (Marieien:J, 3 Jan 95) "Y encuantoalanecesidad, i,la bay llbsoluta?" (Unamuno, SentimienroTn,p'co ... 97;cIiticizedpart "Yo soy bijaWrica, iguaiqueJose Maria" (lIDud18, 6 Oct 95) of an object) "J,Sonlas otacionesque presoponen ... , 0 sonlos bllblantes 105que presuponen?" (Rivero, Estudios "... quiero vivir siempre, siempre, siempre, yviviryo, elle pobre yoque me soy y me siemo ser deOmmlttiCII (JentnlliJllfdel Bpadol, 127) abora y aoul, ... " (Unamuno, Senlimieoto Tnl,fico. .. 45) "Nunca sabia que la duefta de Los Cascllbeles era una mujer" ( La DUMa, I Aug 95; he isn't rn-IJ. expressing surprise that the female proprietor of previously unknown species is human but that the human proprietor of previously unt.nown S6 is female) "Yono"E11alamandamequieroacallar"meter (laDueifll,en problemas"17 Aug(uDueiJJl,95) 5 Oct 95) 'lEi dUeDO/" La duena de esla hacienda no es su madre sino eL (judgments: ES) "Apenas te acabas de acostar" (lllf)Ud18, 20 Oct 95) Es mi madre laque es la duena de estahacienda .•... el dueft.o ... Ap-eraall . Fllbiola: ... unaambicibnquecompartimosmuchasmujeres. (u Dueh, 15 Nov 95; = an ambition R.:r.::: ~Todavlate tengo que pedirperdan. (lIDueiJJl, 26 Oct 95) that many of us women shllre) "AI general Diego IblllTll, que babia sido su primer edec6n y una de las pocas personas a quienes "... todas las mujeresque hemos tenido la desgracia de amarte" (MadeJetlI, 5 Apr 95) tuteaba y 10 tutellban en privado y en publico, Ie aconsej6 trasladarse a algtm lugar donde fuera mAs "Le dijeque nadie sabemos" (laDUe.iJII,27 Sept 95 = that none of us knows) utilqueenVenezuela"(GardaM6rquez. EI(Jentn!ensulabenirto, 252-3; aaoss-the-boanls extraction, but ~9'll1e.aesfits only the firstconjunet) V.u-lI,1--.:aic:' - .0.- Sept"En la95)propia francia, e163% de 105 ciudadanos §contrarlo aladecisian presidencial" (EI Pais, 5 ~ " el 80% de la publacian se hubiese manifestado en contra" (EINs, 6 Sept 95) " lapelicula, que lamayoriade suscriticosnoha podidovertodavia. .. " (ElPJlis, 16 Sept,95) MlUquez,"Y babiendotantosEJ GetJenJpaisesen su.{.6berinto.en este mundo,190)i,cbmo fueque se Ie ocurria venirse para act?" ( hllbia separado de Colombia a Quito y Guayaquil para crear unarepublicanueva. .. " eo.p..w: ...-u (GardaM6rquez, EI(kntn!ensullliJerinto, 209) "Preferiavenir que Uamar" (hi7onerseart.u, 8 Mar 95) nLaAudienaade Alicante acabadehacerpublica unasentenciaque condenaalaclinica GINEI'EC a "... y muchas madres preferieron par sus mjos losriesg05 del contagioque IlO 105de la prevencilln" mantener hasta so mayoria de edad a una niftaque nacio despues de haber sometido a esterilizacian !! (GardaM*"luez, EI(Jentn!ensuLabt'finto, 113) lamadre" ( EI Pm's, 14 Sept 95; what is the rationale for it) "TUtecasasprimeroqueyo" (MlllieJetlI, 11 Jan 95)

19 Januarv 1. 1996 20 ,January 1, 1996 e..pTer1· "Rec6gete. lector, en ti mismo, y figUrate un lento deshacerte de ti mismo ... " (Unamuno, .. ha rota 5Usilencio y hi Idvertido alos eomentaristas que 'tengan euidlldo' ron el SentiJOJenro Jri,fico ... 42) lt81lImiento de 105libros" (li1P""S, J 1 Aug 95) Paaive "Esta pelicull ... hubiese sido muy distinto de haberla dirigido haee 15020 dos" (Clint EastWood "Fue mandado construir par Samuel Ha-Levi amediados del siglo XIV" (Sepbardic Museum, qUOled in li1 PM/s, 4 Sept 95) Toledo, 1995) O•••••••nriJn" dIoia: 1lJIiIiIB "... ynos aconsejandesistamos dequererpenetrarenloimpenettable" (Unamuno, SentimieJJlO "Sigue habiendo grandes incertidumbres ... " (El P.t1Js, 21 Sept 95) PIm ~ lIInldI T~3) .N'.ir-- "Suele discutirsesi laRefonnanacio romohija del Renacimiemo oen protestaleste, yeabe del:ir "Mi bija es muy dueilade 5U!aCWS" (LoardeAmtr, 29 Dee 95) que las dos cosas ... " (Unamuno, Se.atli.ruenro Tn(fJco ... 103) P'. A' Oudi...ac. "Muyen serio" (Pur6 SiJo,fre, 20 July 95) "... descubrieron un tUnel que COJI1eniauna gran cantidad de huesos humanos y casi dos docenas de Nicolas: E1me escribe de vez en cuando. vasijas (intacta5oquepodianrestaurarse)" (Ammi::o; Jul95, 6) Abue1a: Si, muy de vez en cuando. ( LMzardeAmtr, 30 Nov 95) "Este trabajo y to han sido mi ruina" (Vargas Uosa, PllJlIJl1edJJy 11lSH:nt.rdaxr, 129; would P' • objeI:t ~ P Castilian hive a2pl here?) "Este matrimonio esttmuerto desde hace muchotiempo" (M6I1i:'1e.na,15 feb 95) "Producws latinos y del pais" (sign on grocery store, Chicago, 1995) "Et extenso deteriorolleva a especu1aciones sabre si las vasijasrepresentan ono ofrendas "Y uaben larazon de II presencia en Iquitos de esta curiosa y sin igual obrurtistiea" (Vargas Uosa, particu1ares"(Amth""c.o; Jul95. 10) PIiJ1tJl1edJJy11lS11:ni.Mdaxr, 184) "Este aiio el descenso fue muy singular y, en vez de sabre el agua del rio, como se hahecho ottos "Extendio de nuevo 105brazos y, sin mas, dejo el miabfono y se sentb el tiempo neeesario para que dos, se desBlTOll0 sabre ruedas" (BPJlis, 4 Sept 95) (seapagaranlaslucesymarcharse)" (ElPJlis, 18 Sept 95) •••••• ~OIY modifier "Neeesito un tllIi y bablar con el gerente" (Loar deAmer, 29 Dee 95) , "Hastame hiciste un favor" (LaDud!tJ, 26 Sept 95) "A 105Emiratos Arabes viajarlin 10s minimos de Asuntos Exteriores, Dwningo Siazon; Trabajo, Jose "... pero era capaz de concebirunasituacibncompietahastaensusUltimos deta11es" (G1IrCia Brillantes, y del Ejecutivo, Ruben Torres" ( El Pais, 20 Sept 95) Marquez, ElUe11t:n11e.nsuuberi.nto, 210) "... sinquehastael momentohayasido posibleidentificar al a alas culpables" (Vargas Uosa, P1lnfllltx>.ny11lS WJ1i.Mdcnr, 105) s.••••e ~ N's "Mientras pontificabasin tregua sabre ~stos y ottos muchos asuntos, s6l0 hacia pausas de emergencia paralamentarse de 105defecws cu1tura1es de la rocina alolla" (Garcia Marquez, B Ue11et71!e.nsu "La"... progresivaIadefemaeontralasdesaparicibnviolenciasintrayextnfamiliaresde especies de moluscos que se...est!" (Bhis,constataodo4 Sept'representa95) no s6l0 una lJihet:i.nta, 129) ~ estetica sino tambien practica, ... '" ( B his, 5 Sept 95) "... se sorteb a siete 'hennanos' para ejecutar la mision decidida por todoslos asistentes alII 'Pensamos articulada, 0 searel1exivamente, graciasallenguaje articulado ... " (Unamuno, ceremonia. .. " (VargasUosa, P1lot61edJJy11lS WJ1t.rdaxr. 251) SellliJtJieJJlO TnJ,fico... 28) "8uscetta ... anuncia 'nuevas revelaciones' sabre larelacion con la Mafia del siete veces primer Fut •rdIo minimo" ( El P""S, 24 Aug 95) "No te imaginas en el estado en cu.aI yo 10 enconue" (MllJie1e.na, 30 Mar 95) "Jorge Berkeley, obispo anglicano de Cloyne y hennano en esplritu del tambien obispo anglicano F.Dndioa rra. ~ s Jose Butler ... " (Unamuno, Se.atli.ruenro TrJ,jico. .. 81) "... y Lebn, que to sabes como 0 es" (Mmde.na, 11 feb 95) "... do! taiwaneses que se casaron la pasada semana en la isla de Orchid, en la considerada prim era "Loshuesos, que seca1cu1aque 0 sonesfericos, de 18020 centlmetros y con una cascara de boda 5Ubmarina del pais" ( ElPIlis, II Sept 95) "... una caja de oro pararape ... " (Garcia Marquez, ElOrJJt:nI1e.nsuubt'lin£o, 215; d. ERg. agold milimetroymedio";,Que andas haciendodeespesor,(3 par aquifueronrotasporlosa esta hora?" ( uDlJeiJM,animalesalnacer6 OCt 95)... " (ElPtus, 31 Aug 95) [snuff box )) __ una caja para rape de Ml Anides no""No (Unamuno,,yara la razon,SeJJIimJenrolaverdad esloTnJ,fIco~ue...se81)puede demostrar que 0 es, que 0 aiste. cOD5Uelenos 0 "Tengo unos llerVios" (E11JreTi.nieb1IlS, 610) "Tienesunos ojos muybonitos" "Tienesunos ojos muy hennosas" (Mmde.na, 30 Dee 94, 15 feb ";,Quien"... y unateniilacreesquequenieres?"to sabes(1.6quienDueiJM,es elgpadre"Nov 95)( La DueJ1lJ, I Nov 95) 95)

Imptilll:ite "Ustedes son unosincompetentes" (Mmde.na, 1 Mar 95) Samuel: No mevayasa abandonar. (PllSJ"a8esSeaetJtr, 26 Jan 95) Il.eIIII:iW! d-.s •••dIeir ~ •••• cclll:ite Fn:e Alejandra: ;,Graciasaqui~nestoyviva?( P,w"a8esSeamtr, 14 Feb 95) "En el fonda, esa era la certidumbre de cuantoslo vieron en su taltimo viaje, y tal vezfue par eso que ";,Esusted laseilOl'llPantoja, no es cierto?" (Vargas Uosa, P1IohtIeo.ny11lS J-7:ni.Mdcnr, 202) nadie dejoun testimonio esaito" (Garda Marquez, B (kJJt:nI1 e.osu Labtri.tJro, 133) NIpioa .hd'iIIiIiVIIl NcpItft: polarity ";,Yatienenun lugardondeir?" (LaDueJi6, IS Nov 95) "Noquiero decir absolutamente nada" "No haganahsolutamente nada" ( L

21 .January 1, 1996 22 Janullrv 1. 1~~6 "Irlanda del Norte, donde desde hace mlUlde tres siglo! se enfrenten dos comunidades con culturas y religionesdiferences-angloescosesesprotestantesyc8t6Iicosirlandeseseither conjunct, either word could be a N and the other word anA modifying... "(E/it) Pais, 31 Aug 95; in "Gheorgbiu vive una vida feliz junto asu compaftero, eltambien cantantede operaitalo-frances RobertoAlagna" (EI Pais, II Sept 95) "Nunca en lamstoria de las armasnudeares la realizaci60 deuoa prueba de estetipo ha de5JlClUdo tan masiva y universal reprobacion previa" (EI Pills, 5 Sept 95) "Me dijo Lucioqueaqui estabas" (laDuer18, 22 Nov 95) "Perocuandomejorparecia, el enfermoconfundib algeneral Sardacon unoficial espano!. .. "(Gsrcia MAnjuez, E/ 0e0C'f7l1eosulabainto, 266) ~ "Pronto descubrimosque el nuevo tUne!en realidad constituia un complejo de tres pasadizos, uno situado vert.icalmentoencimadelotro" (A01t!fiCllS, Jul95, 8) SaJpe "Algo tengoque bacer" (Man"t'letia, 22 Fet!95; in context clearly IIllIT01I' scope a1go) "No considero a nadie mi enemigo porque sea gringo ... " (Ruben Blades, quotes in EI Pms, 16 Sept 95) Aspedffellll! "Desde aqui laestoyviendo" (GarciaMAnjuez, E/Ot'oC'f7l1eosuLabtrinIo, 110) "J,Quees que me esttiquerlendo dear?" (u iJueibl,6 Nov 95)

"Pujol. ." "...confirmaque estahasiendoque fue espiadoespiadoparpore!el Cesid"Cesid""...(ElP",s,el y su familia21 Septbabian95) sido espiados por el Cesid .

Regina: Yonoquisequemarlacabaiia- osiqueriahacerlo, pero ... (LaDuetbJ, 26 Oct 95)

"Ge.oenUensulabeJioJo,... el Ultimotip6grafo al buen274)modo antiguo que vaquedando en Mmco ... " (Garcia MAnjuez, EI

"... la opcion es muy paca si se piensa que el90'J de la informacion que circula por las redes estA en...... ,ingtes" (ElPllIs, 2 Sept 95) NuevaZe!andal neozelandes "Vine al mundo ahacermi yo, y J,quesera de nuestrosyos todos?" "Yo 5O)'uno;pero todos sonyos" (Unamuno, SentimieJ1lO Tnt;Jco ... 46, 113) "... eslamasformidabletragicomediaocomi-tragedia" (Unamuno, Seolimiento lhffico ... 93; caJ11t!dJ~=comJ~, lr1ffedt~ =tr1I,fi-) LaicuI "Es que hay muchosmalos entendidos entre ustedes" (uiJueibl, 4 Oct 95 and often thereafter) Marielena: Tienes que escoger entre tu esposa 0yo. (MarieleJ1lJ, 20 Jan 95) LeDaIl •••••••• su suegra ( LaDut!iJ6, 15Aug 95; with reference to the mother of the woman's supposed fiance) "... val. laenfermeria, alienta ala victima, clavebanderitas en unmapa, dietainstrucciones, desea buena suerte a10s oficialesque parten el coronel Augusto Valdes" (Vargas Uosa, P8otaIedJJ. ylJJS ~JJ7l6dMtl;225; dere.vas a speech act verb) "... mi Unicahijahembra" (.Punt SmJ,fre, 3 July 95) V*"-:ie "Se te yen divinos" (Mandeoa, 2 Jan 95; 'They look grellt on you') ByjJamllec:tiMI ••• GIller lid:•• elstablishmentcient1fico( E/ Pais, 26 Sept 95) WriaN'....-we

,,=~~~g~ookcase in Madrid bookstore; boob in which one can ftnd quotations tosuitanytbing?)

23 January 1, 1996 1996 linguistic flea circus parts, or even difference of taste from herself, was at this time particularly ill-disposed ... to be To all interested readers I present my latest annual collection of examples read, overheard, or pleased with the Miss Steeles ..." (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 79) concocted, either by me or by various friends (this time I owe thanks to Nancy Dray, Ray "But Mrs Dashwood could find explanations whenever she wanted them, which at least satisfied Jackendoff, and the students in my "Syntax IT" class). As usual, those into whose hands these pages herself' (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 55) fall are welcome to make any use of these examples that they can think of making. --Jim McCawley "On the other hand, the letter to Chopin went on at some length about himself and his place in her life" (Zamoyski, Chopin, 273) Anaphora "I looked for a fan, but they were all gone" (King, The Green Mile 3.39) Antecedent-contained "When a Parisian publisher does acquire a scholarly title, it's most often a study of something ... French. ('They have an insatiable appetite for books about themselves,' jokes another rep.)" (Lingua "The most important newspaperman of his generation tells his story" (ad in NIT Books, 22 Sept 96) Franca, Apr 96) Bach-Peters "In two years the whole world will be wiping itself on an Amina Brand cloth" (Rushdie, Midnight's [Examples of BP sentences with 2 different anaphoric elements, constructed by students in Syntax ll] Children, 372) The boy who wanted everything else got only the reward that everyone else had earned; [B. S-anaphora McCurdy] "Though Hardin believed he never shot a man who didn't deserve it, he became the model for the Tell the guy who stole the damn thing that the bike the bastard stole is broken anyway. [1. Pontius] fictional character the Cisco Kid ..." (Tribune, 8 Feb 96) The boy who wanted one got a shirt with his name on it. [J. Pontius] "... a man who wanted to be important, and the crime he committed to accomplish k" (Suspense: The The student who wanted to didn't get to present her paper in class. [R. Eggert] man who threw acid) Backwards V'-deletion "As part of a summerlong survey of the composer's works, the Chicago Symphony gave I tried unsuccessfully to reach you. I tried (*unsuccessfully) to 0. Schumann's popular Fourth Symphony in 0 minor, Op. 120, a spirited reading ..." (Sun-Times, 16 I asked him not to talk so loud. I asked him to not talk so loud. July 96) I asked him not to. *1 asked him to not. "Ms. Colbert, who ~ kept an apartment on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, died in Barbados, where Doctor: Did you have a good sleep? Patient: I must have had. (Suspense, "Lost") she had an oceanfront home ..." (Tribune, 31 July 96) Brenda: Do you want us all to die? Rock: I don't want you to. (Brenda Starr, 30 Sept 96) "Binding conditions" "The more inconvenient it is for Fisherf to do business here, the less hef will come, hef said" "The daughter said it looked spooky to her, and I said it did to me, too" "And it didn't seem so 'little' (Sun-Times, 9 Sept 96) to any of us at the time, and it doesn't to me now, if I'm to tell the truth" (Bachman, The Regulators, "The hippie guy grabbed Peter Jackson by Peter's right wrist and tried to haul him away from his 363,364; same narrator) dead wife" (Bachman, The Regulators ,115) Abby: I enjoy spending time with you. Greg: I do with you as well. (NYPD Blue, 10 Dee 96) Choice of pronoun I Miscellaneous ellipsis "Since other studies have shown that ~ carry these same chemicals in our bodies, we maybe in "The headline that I have put on these lines indicates that this was a happy man. I believe that, in all similar danger" (Greenpeace Quaraterly , Summer 96) my days, I have never known a happier" (2ndMencken Chrestomathy, 451) "... Elinor, satisfied that each felttheir own error, wished to avoid any survey ofthe past that might "The Metropolitan Opera unveils its third production of Mozart's 'Cosi Fan Tutte' on Thursday weaken her sister's spirits" (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 205-6) evening, with Lesley Koenig in her Met debut as director and Cecilia Bartoli in hers, as Despina" Reciprocal (NIT Arts, 4 Feb 96) "The trio find themselves heading towards disaster ... with only each other to depend on" (Chicago "And yet two thousand a-year is a very moderate income. A family cannot well be maintained on a Film Festival 1996 brochure) smaller" (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 59) Reflexive . "She had a pretty good idea she wouldn't have gotten the job without washing the dye out of it if the "Does a granddaughter want to hang out with a grandmother who looks exactly like herself and who manager hadn't been absolutely strapped for someone to work eleven-to-seven-her good luck, his may rate admiring looks from the granddaughter's boyfriend?" (Herguth, Sun-Times, 15 May 96) bad" (Bachman, The Regulators , 22) "One explanation, advanced by Ivan IIlich and other critics, is that physicians and other professionals "... Delacroix's collection of waistcoats was as legendary as Chopin's of gloves ... " (Zamoyski, are manipulating demand, promoting dependency on themselves" (Tenner, "Whythings bite back, 47) Chopin, 213) "The poor fish had been listening for years to evangelists of a wholly different sort ... But here was an "... the obvious conflict between his life in Paris and theirs in the Polish countryside ..." (Zamoyski, elderly man who looked and talked like themselves ..." (2nd Mencken Chrestomathy, 445) Chopin, 150) "Mailerevenlooks like a Mad magazine drawing of himself' (Roeper, Sun-Times, 29 Aug 96) "The relationship had its good side as well as its bad ..." (Zamoyski, Chopin, 280) "Shee had seen enough ofherf pride, herf meanness, and herfdeterrnined prejudice against herselfe, to comprehend all the difficulties that must have perplexed the engagement, and retarded the marriage, Interviewer: And you don't think the redevelopment is treating poor people very well. of Edward and herselfe, had he been otherwise free" (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 141) Decorator: That's why the wallpaper. (Sun-Times, 28 Feb 96) "... his uncertain behaviour towards herself ... his ill-treatment of herself..." (Austen, Sense and Velacek: If there's anyone susceptible to being bought, he'll find them and buy them. Sensibility, 84; Elinor's vantage-point) Hoffman: Tell them not to worry about how much for. (Murder One , 22 Mar 96) "Could he ever be tolerably happy with Lucy Steele; could he, were his affection for herselfe out of the question. with his integrity, his delicacy, and well-informed mind, be satisfied with a wife like "The sulfa drugs of the 1930s ... and the other celebrated drugs of the middle years of the twentieth hefls - illiterate, artful, and selfish'?" (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 85) century all excited doctors and patients alike as few other scientific discoveries" (Tenner, "Whythings "If in the supposition of his seeking to marry herselfe, his difficulties from his mother had seemed bite back, 34; is this an error created by a copy-editor changing like to as ?) great, how much greater were they now likely to be, when the object of his engagement was "And I'll get more Kash if I enroll friends, parents and teachers, any 35 of whom would entitle me to undoubtedly inferior in connections, and probably inferior in fortune to herseife" (Austen, Sense and a case of Nabisco cookies" (NYTMagazine, JuneiJuly 96; = my enrolling any 35 of whom ...) Sensibility, 85) Control "Marianne, who had never much toleration for any thing like impertinence, vulgarity, inferiority of "". we would like to congratulate the Class of 1996 with a 50% discount on any purchases made 0

December 23, 1996 2 December 23, 1996 wearing graduation regalia during graduation weekend" (ad in UC Weekly News, 30 May 96) "President Clinton and Bob Dole each was given two pages to present his views in the Chicago "... and no food is partaken of without asking God's blessing before and afterwards" (Twain, A Pen Sun-Times this week..." (Sun-Times, 4 Oct 96) Warmed-up in Hell, 118) "Thus we may say that the most lasting contribution to the growth of scientific knowledge that a "Why are new drugs tested on patients without telling them?" (NYT, 17 Nov 96) theory can make are the problems which it raises ..." (Popper, Conjccmres and Refutations, 222) "You mean you woke mei up just 0i to fluff up your pillow?"(Marmaduke, 3 Dec 96) Anaphoric islands "A major attraction of prostitution, especially to women with children, are the flexible hours and "We mustn't confuse our audience more than they already are" (?, 4 June 96) independence" (1vIcElroy.XXX. 208) "Then pretty soon Sherburn sort of laughed; not the pleasant kind, but the kind that makes you feel "The second component of Kuhn's disciplinary matrices are metaphysical beliefs, like those in atoms, like when you are eating bread that's got sand in it" (Twain, A Pen Warmed-up in Hell, 177) or in fields or force, or in heat as a substance. or in heat as a mode of motion" (Musgrave, BJPhSc "If he was poisoned. I'm going to find the person who gave.it to him" (Suspense: The 12th Rose) 1971,292) "Our next music on this concert by the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra are the seven early songs Islands by Alban Berg" (WFMT, 20 June 96) , Coordinate structure constraint "Still, it's a shame that the best television these days are the beer commercials" (Walnut Cove, 30 "There were at least three or four shows that we tried and tried but couldn't fit in" (museum director June 96) quoted in NYT Arts. 25 Feb 96) Wh-island "The CBOT, along with the CME, were the exchanges from which most of Gould's get-rich "Psycholinguistic stuff I don't see how you can do 0" (Sally T, 29 Feb 96) examples were drawn" (Reader. 4 Oct 96, 24) "I now get more e-mail each day than I know what to do with 0" (D. Crabb, Sun-Times. 20 May 96) "One theory has it that some flu viruses incubate in the intestinal tracts of wild aquatic birds, whose Other feces infect land-based birds, pigs and then humans" (NYT Magazine, 17 Nov 96) "Oh. I'm from a place that I'd be surprised if you've ever heard of 0" (Hogan, RealtimeInterrupt • "... she found in Elinor and her husband, as she believed, one of the happiest couple in the world" 68) (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 219) Case marking Pied piping "I merely note that he views everyone in Venice, including we who serve him, with suspicion" "They are being housed in a hotel somewhere in town and are delivered daily by a deputy marshall to (Smith, Venetian Song, 63) the safe site. getting in or out of which without a deputy is like cracking a safe" (NYT Magazine, 11 Identity Feb 96) "Their jobs become more diverse in a negative way, including things like printing out letters that their "I've already written to Jim U, the last time I performed with whom was 20 years ago in a memorable secretaries once did" (Tenner, My things bite back, 208; = the kinds of letters that... ?) '}-ThIISPinafore'" (Susan Fe-mail, 7 Nov 96) "Earth doesn't matter, the stars don't matter, death doesn't matter, nothing is anything. Only God is" "... tell him that I have six new manuscripts, for each of which I want 300 francs ..." (Chopin letter, (LeGuin, "Field of Vision", 33) quoted in Zamoyski, Chopin, 198) "I never want to face the struggle that Lucy is 0" (Tom Sheridan, Sun-Times, 21 Feb 96; 0 = 'facing "There are pictures there at the sight of which I hear music" (Chopin letter quoted in Zamoyski, t') Chopin,68) "Latour misrepresents a theory that is routinely taught to college freshmen, as I did last fall" (A. Sokal, PSA, 2 Nov 96) Agreement "You know you've made a serious error in judgment when the foursome you've been hitting into all "Then it was discovered that there was no such thing as witches, and never had been" (Twain, A Pen day are wearing eyelid rings and safety pins in their cheeks" (B.c., 31 Jan 96) Warmed-upinHelJ,168) "Have Sam Donaldson or Cokie Roberts ever looked in Dole's belly?" (Royko, 22 Feb 96) "Today's opinion has no foundation in American constitutional law, and barely pretends to" (Justice "... neither my sister nor I were complaining ..." (Rushdie, Midnight's Children, 360) Scalia, quoted in NITMagazine , Oct 96; 0 = have any foundation in Amer. const. law» "In 1962, she wrote Lac/os and the Epistolary Novel, an analysis of Choderlos de Laclos' Les "But surely no dream could be as real as this either. Or could it?" (Hogan, Realtimelntemlpt ,219; it Liaisons Dangereuses , upon which the stage play and movie 'Dangerous Liaisons' were based" =adream) (Sun-Times obituary, 7 Mar 96) Reader: How does the polite technophile respond to such provocation, considering that it is "How do you expect to learn anything from a science project if everybody and his brother help you impossible to cut someone dead with a withering stare via computer? with it?" (Crankshaft, 6 May 96; is there variation on help vs. helps?) Miss Manners: Sure it is. (Miss Manners, 22 Sept 96; 0 = possible) "A group of Sikhs has spread a cloth on the ground and is eating, seated around it" (Rushdie, Midnight's Children, 35) "... your daughter is snatched in the middle of the night, you're accused and then exonerated of her murder, ..." (Roeper. 27 Mar 96 Sun-Times; two senses of of) "I recall anothe~ study, ... which said those men who died of heart attacks during sex were most "Wauna punch each other in the arm for a while?" (Frumpy the Clown, 18 July 96; you = weinc) likely to be with someOne other than their wives" (Ann Landers, 15 July 96) "President Clinton indicated that he was very concerned and closely monitoring the situation" (WFMT "But we went only at times when any member of Congress and their spouses could go" (Barney news, 19 Dec 96; copula = progressive be) Frank, quoted in NYTMagazine , 4 Feb 96) "Angela Morales walked into San Francisco General Hospital the other morning holding her ailing Legal immigrants may continue to get benefits if they fit one of these exemptions: daughter by the hand and her emotions in check" (Tribune, 25 Sept 96) They have become a U.S. citizen. Lt. Fancy: He should get what he deserves. Wife: Some people say he is. (NYPD BIue , 17 Dec 96) They are a refugee with fewer than five years in this country. "Elinor made her a civil reply, and they walked on for a few minutes in silence. It was broken by They are a U.S. veteran or currently serve in the U.S. military ... (Sun-Times, 17 Dec 96) Lucy ..." (Austen. Sense and Sensibility, 80; silence = the silence) "With a total caseload of 75 (34 of which were decided unanimously), there are not all that many "That is why George Soros and Ross Perot have each in his own way been so successful" (NYT opinions to spread out over nine months of work for nine Justices - and 34 law clerks" (NIT Magazine. 13 Oct 96) Magazine, Oct 96; caseload = cases?)

3 December 23, 1996 4 December 23, 1996 "That's our find of the year. Something so big it's still dead secret. ru tell you if you can keep it one Peripheral coordinating conjunctions awhile longer" (Bachman, The Regulators , 361; count = mass) "To complicate matters, Joan is the lover of Louis II of France, whom she eventually will name holy Sloppy identity Roman emperor and who will, along with an unexpected pregnancy, be responsible for her downfall" "The insurance companies have lawyers working hard on their side, and so should you" (radio (Sun-Times, 20 Feb 96) commercial, June 96) "The film contains several things that our community could find objectionable, including full frontal Conjoining nudity, multiple-partner sex scenes as well as violence" (school principal quoted in NYT Arts, 18 Feb " will not harm the reputations of either President or Mrs. Clinton" 96; 3 conjuncts) (Clinton-Gore reelection campaign official, quoted 14 Jan 96 on WFMT) "It's hard to buy, as well as to stomach, her light-brained fogginess" (Sun-Times 29 Feb 96; RNR) "I'm not a famous musician, nor artist, nor scientist" (Momma, 19 Feb 96) "He co-starred opposite Jessica Tandy in 'Driving Miss Daisy' (1989) and Tim Robbins in 'The "Well, there was something that Mand fIm and a couple of the others] talked about once when we Shaw shank Redemption' (1994), not to mention Brad Pitt in 'Seven'" (Ebert, 26 Jan 96) were arguing about memory suppression" (Hogan, Realtimelnterrupt , 265; since 'he' is the topic, "He was there with this young woman, ~ various friends of his would stop by his table" (Murder the constiUlent stmcture is probably as marked, which would make sense of the case choice) One , 22 Jan 96) "In any case, most native Arizona desert plants are pollinated by birds, bees, butterflies, and other Placement of conjunction insects, not by the wind" (Tenner, Why things bite back, 105; has to be stressed on insects; if "Neither his fame, his official stature, his talent, nor his survival ever exempted him from feeling part stressed on other, it would imply that birds are insects) of Russian Jewry's tragic fate" (Joshua Rubenstein, quoted in Tribune Books, 14 Apr 96) "When the two months were up, they would go just as straight as they could walk to Mother "Sir John never came to the Dashwoods without either inviting them [to dine at the park the next day, Leonard's and get dnmk: and from there to Kearny street and steal something; and thence to this city or to drink tea with them that evening]" (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 63) prison, and next day back to the old quarters in the county jail again" (Twain, A Pen Warmed-up in Respectively construction Hell, 142) "Congratulations to fourth years Ben Sharp and Adam Mortara, winners of Rhodes and Marshall "Of the 100 guests, 89 are current or ex-relatives" (Cathy, 14 July 96) scholarships, respectively" (Maroon, 5 Jan 96) "What he didn't tell them (nor did anyone else) was that the Dettericks were the only ones who had "The change from an arbitrary mapping to a partial mapping to a full natural mapping reduces the been asked to turn their loads over.to the deputy" (King, The Green Mile 3.49) number of alternatives from 24 to 4 to I and reduces the information theory content from 8 to 4 to 0 "The court feels that it is again its duty at this time to remind the prisoner that he has so far made nor bits, respectively" (Norman, Psychology of Everyday Things, 224) allowed to be made by Counsel in his defense no cross-examination of witnesses nor rebuttal to RNR arguments made by the prosecution of any kind" (Suspense, Angel of Death) "Another thing I learned was that it was quite as easy, and a good deal more pleasant, to lay bricks in a good design as it was to lay them in a bad design" (2nd Mencken Chrestomathy, 174) "Expect Klaus in September and the doors of the eatery to open in November" (Tribune, Inc., 1 Aug "The indebtedness of Greek to Chaldean Astronomy" (article cited in Popper, Conjectures and 96) Refutations ,75) "I watched him go out in the blackness and the blackness swallow him" (Inner Sanctum, Birdsong "Of breakfast she had been kept by her fears, and of dinner by their sudden reverse, from eating for a Murderer) much" (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 184) "What is he that builds stronger than either the mason, the shipwright, or the carpenter?" (Hamlet, "First Minkins' records, then his corpse, disappear" (Tribune Movies, 27 Sept 96) V.i.4O-41: either with 3 conjuncts) Stripping Category identity of conjuncts . "They became political activists too. Why did they survive and not her?" (NYT Arts, 25 Feb 96) "It will try to identify accounts opened by or on behalf of Jews during the war but whose existence "We should be out there looking for them, not them looking for us" (AI Booth, quoted in 23 Oct 96 was subsequently denied" (Sun-Times, 29 July 96) Sun-Times) "I felt humiliated, but the humiliation was far less serious than if I had slept with him and gotten Complements pregnant or a disease" (All that Zazz, 6 Feb 96) "When you see in America nearly 2 million black people answer a call by Louis Farrakhan, I'm in "Smart Matty Crompton, a secret writer and artist, helps him with his insect studies and to build an deep trouble inside America" (Louis Farrakhan, quoted in 14 Feb 96 Sun-Times) ant colony" (Wilmington, Tribune, 16 Feb 96) "... for besides [that the circumstance did not in her opinion justify such lasting amazement or variety "This work has been undertaken by anthropological and ethno-linguists" (Linda W, 29 Mar 96) of speculation], her wonder was otherwise disposed of' (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 47) "'... it's my job to obey them-even if that means I can't go to school anymore,' said Adam, who "... their mother's servant might easily come there to attend them down ..." (Austen, Sense and said he misses his classmates and playing clarinet in the junior high band" (Sun-Times, 15 Oct 96) Sensibility, 164) Gapping "Mrs John Dashwood now installed herself mistress of Norland" (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 11) "He had been put on the island and his execution out to bid" (Macfarlane, "Quickening", 35) "Your wisdom should show itself more richer to signify this to the doctor, for [for me to put him to "The audience was again small, but the takings large ..." (Zamoyski, Chopin, 295; again applies to his purgation] would perhaps plunge him into more choler" (Hamlet, III.ii.303-6; early attestation of the whole coordinate stnJcture; without Gapping, it would apply only to the first conjunct) for-to) Parallelism of conjuncts Complementizer-deletion "Kolenaty' returns with the will, an apology, and Jaroslav Prus" (Lyric Opera Program, 1996) "Do the filmmakers delude themselves there's something ironic about the new ending?" (Ebert, 26 "We're going to go to Washington and teach our children right from wrong" (Sonny Bono acceptance Ian 96) speech, quoted by George Lakoft) "She didn't care I had another job" (NYPD Blue, 17 Dee 96) "... the unfolding story of Ezekiel Porterhouse Rawlins from the late 1940's onward (with glimpses "Right, I know how disappointed you are I won't be home for dinner" (Sally Forth, 9 Dec 96) of his earlier life in Louisiana, Texas and World War II)..." (NYT Books, 16 June 96) Complementizer selection "National Sidewalk and Clearance Sale" (Radio Shack sign, July 96) "The rest of my home reflects that I'm the 'fling-it-in-the-closet-and-shut-the-door-before-it-all• "I'II take this to the post office ... You get yourself upstairs and back to work!" (Funky Winkerbeail, dumps-on-the-floor' type" (Cathy, 9 Ian 96) I Aug96) "I have no notion of men's going on in this way ..." (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 114) "Expect Klaus in September and the doors of the eatery to open in November" (Tribune, Inc., 1 Aug "It depends on if you go with your heart or your head" (Sun-Times, 25 Sept 96) 96)

5 December 23, 1996 6 December 23, 1996 "But the government recently ordered all offices with e-mail access to forbid workers from using it" "You're not going to get that tax cut if you don't be quiet" (R. Dole, 5 Nov 96) (Sun-Times, 6 Nov 96) "Her death was doubtful, And, but that great command o'ersways the order, she should in ground "Herod has forbidden everyone in the palace from setting eyes on Jochanaan" (Lyric Opera program, unsanctified been lodged" (Hamlet, V.i.227-30; no have) Dec96) "She woulda probably poisoned her tea" (NYPD Blue, 17 Dec 96; evidence that woulda has become a single word?) "Last June 27 in Singapore, the FBI observed Nicholson put a camerabag into the trunk and get into a car with diplomatic license plates registered to the Russian Embassy there ..." (Sun-Times, 19 Nov "Just as Diane had done, Jane became the talk of the town" (Suspense: Lucky Lady) 96) "... he made us all feel shabbier than the dogs had done ..." (Twain, A Pen Warmed-up in Hell, 31) "A Vegas lounge singer (Whoopi Goldberg) witnesses her mobster boyfriend commit a murder" Comparative (Tribune move summary, 29 Jan 96); "... 8-year old Sarah witnesses Haitian militia thugs beat a "Of all the people I've ever worked for, I've never met more of a gentleman than Richard Cross" neighbor bloody and senseless" (Sun-Times, 18 Oct 96) (Murder One , 22 Mar 96) "He sits back at an exquisite remove looking at the rest of us go about our lives" (Murder One , 22 "Nevertheless, there were few Baltimoreans of his time who were L,,ter worth knowing" (2nd Mar 96) Mencken Chrestomathy, 449) "One reason I went there was to gain some sense of what kind of people had let - or helped - one "... it takes more energy to walk at a crouch than it does upright..." (King, The Green Mile 6.17) of history's greatest atrocities happen" (New Yorker, letter, 3 June 96) "You're smarter than I ever gave you credit for" (Suspense: A case of identity) "Edward was the first to speak, and it was to notice Marianne's altered looks, and express his fear of comparative Stripping her not finding London agree with her" (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 143) "Kaelin described Simpson as much more upset after a June 12, 1994, dance recital than he did in his trial testimony" (Sun-Times, 28 Feb 96) "Now that I've done my good deed for the year, I'm going down to the driving range and drop eggs "It has been estimated that there are now more people who speak English as a foreign language than on people" (Broom-Hilda, 14 July 96; and as Comp?) who speak it as their first language" (NYT, 14 Apr 96) "... they'd be sure and call here" (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 207) "The study showed that the people from Gomel said they were five times as sick as those from Tver" "I have to hang up now, Marcie. I'm going outside and stand in the rain" (Peanuts, 10 Oct 96) (NYT, 31 Mar 96; the Gomel people were reporting how sick they were in absolute terms, not Reduced relative to the Tver people) "This would constitute the ultimate terrorist weapon, a device to facilitate the American penchant for "More twentysomethings believe they will see a UFO in their lifetime than a Social Security check entertaining ourselves senseless" (NYT Books, 3 Mar 96) with their name on it" (person quoted in 22 Dec 96 Tribune) "A great number of women are scared silent" (Ann Landers, 4 Mar 96) "... 1 suppose it's better it happened before than after the wedding" (Chopin letter, quoted in Zamoyski, Chopin, 267; + RNR) Various constructions Comparative-conditional Adverbial Equi "The smaller the room and the less fresh air circulating, the higher the risk" (Health, May 95) "Until admitting that he once spied for the apartheid machine, Mark Behr was something of a hero" "House speaker Newt Gingrich warned Pat Buchanan and Steve Forbes Monday that they will have (Sun-Times, 30 July 96) less influence on the Republican platform the longer they stay in the presidential race" (Tribune, 11 Adverbs Mar 96) "Things might be looking somewhat up for me too" (NYPD Blue, 19 Nov 96) "The older they get, the less tactful you have to be" (Baby Blues, 27 Nov 96; ambiguous: 'you have "You want me to pick him back up?" (NYPD Blue, 16 Jan 96) to be less tactful' vs. 'you don't have to be so tactful') "Brando threw eggs at her as she dashed out, then fell back asleep on the juice and coffee-soaked comparative congeners sheets" (Sun-Times, 25 Sept 96) "There are being more and more of them discovered all the time" (Ruth Shaw Wylie interview, Smith is still alive (and remarkably active for a man over 80). WNIB, 23 June 96) Smith still is alive. (I told you jerkS that I wanted him dead.) Dative The train/*baby absolutely crawled. "The tradition of Kangeiko, however, provides for the event a unique quality that should warrant it "I have been always used to a very small income ..." (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 89) more than just a cursory glance on a budget priority list" (Maroon, 29 Jan 96) "Democrat Richard A. Devine scored his stunning upset with a major boost from black voters, whose "Did you ask her who delivered her her drugs?" (0. 1. Simpson, quoted in 6 Feb 96 Sun-Times) Punch 10 straight-ticket voting apparently knocked Republican Cook County State's Attorney Jack Degree O'Malley right out of office" (Sun-Times, 7 Nov 96) 1had to get up an hour (*even) earlier. "But we got lost presently among the rugged little ravines, and wasted a deal of time finding the way Echoes again ... " (Twain, A Pen Warmed-up in He]] , 30; sublexical host?) Two eighty h6w much? *Two eighty how much? *Two eighty how much does it cost? "... they didn't outright laugh" (King, TheGreenMile 5.16; cf. ??They outright laughed) Focus constructions "I was a little reminded of Orson Welles presiding over 'F for Fake'" (Ebert, Sun-Times, 25 Oct 96; "It's only work if you'd rather be doing something else" (Dilbert, quoted in 5 Feb 96 Tribune) *It a little reminded me...) He only was rude when he hadn't had enough sleep. ? ..was only... • Auxiliary verbs "... that rapturous delight, which, in her opinion, could alone be called taste" (Austen, Sense and "But if only women had been voting in 1976, Jimmy Carter would have never beaten Gerald Ford" Sensibility, 18; *only, except apparently OK for Austen: "She would not even admit it to have been (NYTMagazine, 28 July 96) natural, and Elinor left her to be convinced that it was so, by that which only could convince her, a "Ought we demand of our concepts ... that they be applicable to any and every situation that might better knowledge of mankind" (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 153) conceivably arise in any possible world?" (Kuhn, Essential Tension, 254) Interrogative "... Elinor received her brother's congratulations on their traveling so far towards Barton without any "'Adversity often makes people stronger', sir. What do you think adversity makes people?" (Crock, 9 expense, and on Colonel Brandon's being to follow them to Cleveland in a day or two" (Austen, Jan 96) Sense and Sensibility, 176; has only finite forms in current English)

7 December 23, 1996 8 December 23, 1996 Inversions "84 years ago tonight, there sailed from the port of London the brigantine Maid of Athens" (The "<.Judy Garland> died in 1969, but only 20 years later did her hometown build a yellow brick road wreck of the Maid of Athens, Suspense, Nov 30 53) leading to the Judy Garland Museum" (NIT Arts, 5 May 96; nice contrast with "only 20 years later "There was nothing gonna stop me from goin' places" (Suspense: Too Many Smiths) her hometown built... ") Topicalization and other frontings "A city apart. is breeding a race apart. Is that race American? Then so is a bashi-bazouk '''When Dr. Lamm wouldn't speak to me,' says Stier, 'I decided to go public.' And public he American. Is it decent? Then so is a street-walker decent" (2nd Mencken Chrestomathy, 188) went ... " (LinguaFranca, Apr 96) "And then a cold January evening, on which 'I've got to go out tonight' said Ahmed Sinai; and Tough -like constructions despite her pleas of 'It's cold-you'll get sick ...' he put on his business suit and coat under which the "The kind of thing the Turtles had made unnecessary for humans to have ever again" (Pohl & mysterious grey bag made a ridiculously obvious lump" (Rushdie, Midnight's Children, 90) Williamson, The Singers of Time , 23) Middle "Jenny, isn't Marvin a little young to be teaching how to cook?" (Marvin, 6 May 96; in context has to "These cards are not swiping for some reason" (AA clerk having difficulty with my credit card, 3 = 'a little young for you to be teaching him how to cook') Sept 96) "Good design is possible to achieve" (Norman, Psychology of Everyday Things, 220) Negation "No one ever told us Kansas was so wide to cross" (The Spencer Brothers, Suspense, 26 Jan 53) "As long as somebody's paying the bill for you, he can [not like it] all he wants" (Carol P, 4 July 96) "Or rather, as I believe, she considers them impossible to exist" (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 39) "I will never forget that I lost by one vote. I had [not voted for myself] out of humility and Miscellaneous constructions old-fashioned manners" (letter to Dear Abby, 17 Dee 96) I can never seem to find my checkbook when I need it. Contrastive "At 14 he bought a Stutz Bearcat, not to drive ... but to take completely apart and put back together "They didn't catch the suspected Unabomber by tapping any lines" (NYTMagazine, 7 July 96; = again ..." (NIT Books, 16 June 96) They caught the Unabomber not by tapping any lines but by X) "These substances were concentrated enough in parts of the harbor that merely sailing into port could "Now George Sand saw clearly that Chopin's jealousy of other men who approached her ... was in treat a ship's hull free" (Tenner, Why things bite back, 98; probably means: 'make the hull free of fact not jealousy over her, but Solange" (Zamoyski, Chopin, 276) barnacles, etc.') Negative polarity "Contrary to some reports, Sun executives deny making an offer until mid-January" (Newsweek, 5 "The year was 1952, and Edward Press was growing increasingly troubled by one part of his job as a Feb 96) pediatrician in Chicago: authorizing surgery on child after child who had swallowed lye or acid" "I wish I could dissuade you from visiting him yet" (TV Gulliver's Travels part I) (Health, May 95) "Tracy had a baby boy, and not a tongue clucked nor was an eyebrow raised when Tracy and her " then proceeds to lavish on us sentence after lush sentence describing the infant son played Mary and Baby Jesus in our live nativity scene ..." (letter to Dear Abby, 4 Mar 96) mysterious delights of the nature she encounters" (NYT Books, 18 Feb 96) "This is not a subject that guys think is one bit funny" (Judy Markey, Sun-Times, 24 Sept 96) "And how had she dared do this? How had she dared?" (King, Desperation, 589) He has lots and lots of problems. *a lot and a lot of problems Negative spreading "He sits there and sits there with a book, but he never colors" (Parade cartoon, 18 Feb 96) "I don't think he met with no accident" (Suspense: The Tramp; Cockney speaker) Nominalization Constituent structure Iraq's attack on Kuwait *Kuwait's attack (on) by Iraq "All 64 passengers and 4 crew members died" (ABC News, 9 July 96; the all evidently was intended "This sudden sending him away must seem Deliberate pause" (Hamlet, N.iii.8-9) to go with both conjuncts) Passive "On the screen, a helicopter flies ... on toward the Los Angeles skyline, where hovering alien ships "total ball parks homered in" (category in SABR Home Run Encyclopedia, quoted in NYT Books, 7 are about to give the city an extremely bad hair day" (NYT Arts, 30 June 96) Apr96) Categories "There are limited goods that are competed over" (1. Dubois, 20 Mar 96) He quickly/*fast realized that S. "Your Chicago vote is being cut into" (QT, Sun-Times, I I June 96) Prepositions "This great moral cause, so obscenely wallowed in by the newspapers of late, offers an instructive Complex indicator of the extent to which the 'orderly process of the law' has been modified and improved in "The Turtles had complained furiously against being compelled to share the lectures with the whole the United States" (2ndMencken Chrestomathy, 81) crew-out, Sue-ling thought, of pure embarrassment" (Pohl & Williamson, The Singers of Time , "I was visiting in the small town where my boyhood had been spent - Hannibal, Marion County" 160) :Twain, A Pen Wanned-up in Hell, 18) NP as A' 'Everything has been ordered to be liquidated" (WFMT, 24 Oct) " are painted the livery of cities where Presidents Conference Committee cars once 'I'll not be juggled with" (Hamlet, N. v.132) operated" (Tribune Transportation 28 Jan 96) '... all those his lands Which he stood seiz'd of..." (Hamlet, I.i.88-9) "My ankle had swollen the size of a football" (NYT, 29 Sept 96) 'Herod's stature increases markedly when his notes are truly sung, rather than barked or Nouveaux prepositions ;emi-spoken" (Lyric Opera program, Dec 96; *He semi-spoke his notes) "The clout-driven college 'scholarship' program via which lllinois legislators dispense favors to their Raising political pals costs state universities upward of $4 million a year" (R. Coffey , Sun-Times, 23 Feb 96) '... and no sentient man will ever confess himself doomed to life imprisonment in the proletariat so "In Amsterdam in August and in Miami in June, men were arrested based on fingerprints taken from ong as the slightest hope remains ... of getting out of it" (2ndMencken Chrestomathy, 475) their own severed fingers ... that they abandoned at crime scenes" (Reader, 13 Dec 96) ... there didn't seem like there was anything much in it!Q see ..." (Bachman, The Regulators, 374) P' as A' There -insertion "Somebody else had arranged a far more elaborate simulation than you were told about... Which There couldn't anything wake them up all over, and make them happy all over, like a dog-fight" meant that you weren't as in control as you thought" (Hogan, Realtimelnterrupt ,211) Twain, A Pen Wanned-up in Hell. 171) P' as object of P There's no publicity gone out" (Ruth B, 29 July 96) "We should have you into Chicago pretty close to on schedule" (UA, Mar 96)

9 December 23, 1996 10 December 23, 1996 po VS. Adv her to bed" (NIT Books, 14 Apr 96; separated from antecedent by parenthetical) "And the idea that a woman married to this man might at some point seek a divorce did not strike "Here he stopped to be thanked; which being done, he went on" (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, Peter as [in the least bit] odd" (King, Desperation, 37) 156) Zero Free He died in (around) 1910. He died around/*0 1910. "He even dares to speak about the love that dare not speak its name, with a chapter on who is probably our only homosexual president, James Buchanan" (Tribune, 22 Feb 96) Structure of NPs "She says she can identify who tried to kill her" (NYPD Blue, 17 Mar 96) "... everybody of us ..." (German soprano interviewed by Studs Terkel, 26 Jan 96; every one of us, A: Do you recognize anyone? B: Number 4. He's who did the robbery. (NYPD Blue, 29 Oct 96) *everybody /*everyone of us) "He said that who he owed was after him" (NYPD Blue, 12 Nov 96) "Gudahl is convincing as Lenin in his all too few scenes ..." (Maroon, 14 Apr 95) "Fat Cat was who fronted him" (NYPD Blue, 12 Nov 96) " comes back years later and rapes Antonia's intellectual prodigy of a granddaughter ..." "I want who killed Marcos Dooley" (Mickey Spillane, Playboy, Dec 96) (Tribune, 14 Feb 96) "You mention balancing the budget as though that were somehow less meritorious a cause or goal "Sorry, dear, it didn't turn out how I wanted" (Fred Bassett, 23 July 96) than taking care of children" (Henry Hyde, quoted in Reader, 16 Peb 96) "What is not yet clear, but which many here suspect, is whether local Communist officials engineered "The idiot box is proving more formidable a challenge than expected for the Hollywood heavy hitters the downfall of a polular religious chieftan ..." (NIT, 10 Nov 96; hosts nonrestrictive) who called their startup venture Dream Works" (Tribune, 4 Mar 96) Infinitival "... an unprecedented 87 percent of the hospitalized wounded were able to return to duty" (Tenner, She's a person whose word to take seriously. Why things bite back, 36) Nonrestrictive There's something of interest other than that. ?1bere's something other than that of interest. "After the concert, Thurman rushed upstares to introduce reporters to one of his daughters, the actress *There's something of interest else. There's something else of interest. Uma Thurman, and to Harrison Ford, hosts of the late supper party to come" (NIT Magazine, 5 May "It's sort of his curio cabinet" (Sun-Times, 26 July 96) 96; split antecedent) the recent local weather *the local recent weather "Also, as Tyron had made sure would not be missed but which Corrigan was not too concerned over "But without cost as a consideration, there is no longer any reason why not to send something out" for now, if anything went wrong, it would have been Corrigan who had said before witnesses that (UC Free Press, Oct 96) everything would be fine" (Hogan, RealtimeInterrupt , 196; as- clause = nonrestrictive) "We didn't think the populace would vote in favor of a former [tractor driver on a collective farm]" "Yesterday I went to dinner at Jeny Lind's, who then sang Swedish things for me until midnight" (Belarus citizen quoted in 15 Dec 96 NIT) (Chopin letter, quoted in Zamoyski, Chopin, 291) Apposition Pseudo-relative "I plan to take the exams at the end of next, my third year" (student report, 96) _ I have a brother who studies physics and a sister anthropology. [As normal RC, abrother who Articles studies physics is possible only with ellipsis of of X] "As of Wednesday, a former priest and nun and perhaps hundreds of other Roman Catholics in the Resumptive pronoun Lincoln Diocese can consider themselves excommunicated" (Sun-Times, 16 May 96; refers to a "It was one of those things that once you see it, you can't take your eyes off it" (expert quoted in former priest and a former nun, not to a pious transsexual) NYTMagazine, 28 July 96) . "The proceedings, which pits the burger giant against m unemployed postman and part-time waitress, had already entered the 'Guinness Book of Records' as the lengthiest English civil action" (New City, Syntactic metonymy, amalgams, mimicry 19 Dec 96; two separate persons) Mental space phenomena "Elephant man's disease .. is named after the case of Joseph Merrick, a horribly disfigured 19th "Although the movie was a major flop, it has had an afterlife among fIlm cognoscenti who can still century Englishman whose life inspired!! 1979 play and 1980 movie" (Sun-Times, 4 Dec 96; are the conjure the image of Seberg burning at the stake" (NIT Arts, 25 Feb 96) play and the movie being treated as identical?) "Her husband, Tom Cruise, who portrayed Mr. Hoffman's brother in 'Rain Man,' echoes that Genitive opinion" (NIT Arts, 1 Sept 96) Many people have good ideas and many have stupid ideas. Reanalysis *Many people's ideas are good and many's are stupid. "She's the only one on the block who is what you could call friendly with the Hobarts" (Bachman, The Regulators , 316) "Measured by size, the runts of the litter tody are Woolworth Corp. and Bethlehem Steel Corp., each Telescoping of whose shares are worth $1.6 billion" (Sun-Times, 26 Feb 96; = [each of which]'s shares) "It's still a very good transportation system despite what imbeciles have been in charge of running it" "A moment of your time will assure all our safety" (sign, Jan 96; = [all ofus]'s safety; but cf. *a11 us) (Dec96) Modifier preposing Vicarious quantification, etc. "Because Powell's Bookstore believes that the only snazzier attire for a Hyde Park book lover than a "We'll keep in constant touch" (Murder One, 12 Feb 96) Powell's T-shirt is a Cap and Gown, we would like to congratulate the Class of 1996 with a 50% Indirect, semi-direct discourse discount on any purchases made wearing graduation regalia during graduation weekend" (ad in UC "All I could do was to remind myself that Percy had put Delacroix through God knew what agonies Weekly News, 30 May 96) simply because Delacroix had laughed at him" (King, The Green Mile 5.43) Relative clauses and congeners "God knew the kid had surprised him, coming through on the phone that way" "If it hadn't been for *a poet only whose sonnets I like < a poet [I like only his sonnets] Cynthia, Steve later thought, Audrey would have gotten to the carvings again. God knew what would Hindi is a language whose nouns have gender but not its/*whose pronouns. have happened if she had" (King, Desperation, 358, 481-2) Hindi is a language [whose nouns have gender but whose/*its pronouns do not]. Interpretation of operators Hindi is a language whose nouns have gender, but its pronouns do not. Scope "Consecutive" "The school did not admit 165 applicants with double 800's" (NIT Magazine, 28 Apr 96) "Beauvoir duly seduced her and, the following year, introduced her to Sartre, then 33, who also took "The New York Times reported that the new metal rackets were lasting far longer than wooden

11 December 23, 1996 12 December 23, 1996 models and needed less frequent restringing" (Tenner, Why things bite back, 245; = less frequently addressee ?) need restringing) Queclaratives my future fonner wife'" my former future wife. WhaU*Which title of nobility?! (as queclarative) "She met frequently with the former president and then darted off to record it all..." (Int. Herald Tribune, 8 Aug 96; 2nd conjunct in scope of frequently) Morphology "A change in rates is unlikely until after the November election" (WFMT, 20 Aug 96) "Impasse Threaten's Elderly's Meals" (Sun-Times headline, 3 Jan 96) Inflection "The children need never know" (Moll Flanders dramatization, 13 Oct 96; = -'need«3: time)t (the children knowv))) . "He's the best-naturedest old fool in Arkansaw-never hurt nobody, drunk nor sober" (Twain, A "Our essential business was to curry favor with high-ranking city and state officials, many of whom Pen Warmed-up in Hell ,172) were suddenly black" (NYT Magazine, 8 Dec 96; many in scope of suddenly) Contraction Vice versa He's been going to pay us back for years. *...gonna ... (only finite gonna?) "Gulliver becomes Lilliputian and the other way round" (NYT Arts, 21 Jan 96; anaphoric island _What I want's to buy a new suit. violation) "... the one that you're so worried's mad at you" (NYPD Blue, 3 Dec 96) Tense, time reference InfIxation [pointing at a figure in a film that is being shown] "I need an engin-bloody-neer" (Suspense: The Tramp) What is Batman doing nowl??today? What was Batman doing {24 hours ago, *yesterday}? (deictic anchorage to the narrative moment Word formation but not to larger units containing it) "... Kamila Stosslova, the thirty-year-old married Jewish woman with whom he was passionately but "And when you add all the religious songs that have hit the chart before '55, and since '82, well, who unrequitedly in love" (Lyric Opera Program, 1996) says religion isn't represented in popular culture any more" (Freethought Today, June 96, 8; have "All used pianos are close-out priced" (WFMf commercial, Jan 96) would be * if and since '82 weren't there; discontinuous domain for time variable) "... ensemble artistic director and violist da gamba John Mark Rozendaal..." (Tribune, 14 Nov 95) "Leonard Slatkin has been conducting this cast" (WFMr, 20 Sept 96; between acts in broadcast of an "Messenger the books to their homes and have them e-mail their strategies back by 4:00 PM!" (Cathy, opera recording) 23 Jan 96) "Welles married his high-school sweetheart and wife of twenty-five years, during his first year of "I remain very conflicted on this issue" (Carl Sagan, Parade, 10 Mar 96) college ..." (New City, 17 Oct 96) "recordist Frans Bruggen" (WFMT, 27 July %; = recorder player) "This redounds to Nicolas Chopin's credit, when one considers how rutWessly most child pridigies "It would be impossible, I know, to convince you that a woman of seven and twenty could feel for a were, and are, exploited by their parents" (Zamoyski, Chopin, 15; most in scope of tenses) man of thirty-five anything near enough to love, to make him a desirable companion to her" (Austen, What are you majoring in? *What do you major in? What did you majorin? Sense and Sensibility, 29) Metonymy " all seem to be ruleable out" (R Hall, PSA, 1 Nov 96) "I was hoping he'd bring it back and then I could fire his ass"; "I'm gonna padlock your apartment and your ass is gonna be out on the street" (NYPD Blue, 19 Nov, 26 Nov 96) "The police are investigating Eduardo as a suspect in Jessica's murder, which obviously conflicts us "Typically I will get a dozen phone calls and ten or twenty clippings on a Monday if someone ran an out" (Murder One , 11 Mar 96; = excludes us, due to conflict of interest) ad infringing us on Sunday" (McDonald's lawyer, quoted inNew City, 19 Dec 96; possessor-+ Parole OffIcer: I violated him - it was his fourth no-show. (NYPD Blue, winter 96; = reported him derived object) for a violation [of parole)) Miscellaneous semantic-pragmatic "Curiously, there weren't even any human beings in sight" (PoW & Williamson, The Singers of "And somewhere between the broken footstool and the sticker-covered coffee table, I re-fell in love Time,50) with my fIlthy home and my sticky furniture ..." (Cathy, 27 July 96) "... if you could fly a P-38 in aerial combat in the Pacific you could fly anyhing . He was wrong "'That's more time that the cop is off the street refingerprinting someone" (WLS News interview, 1 about that. It turned out that you couldn't" (Pohl & Williamson, The Singers of Time , 48) Oct 96) How many piano concertos did Beethoven write? A: 5. Back formations How mny piano concertos by Beethoven are there? A: 6 (includes op. 61a, the piano version of the "People who Jived in the south suburbs ... talked about the Dowaliby trial as much as people across violin concerto) the nation obsessed on the Simpson case last year" (Roeper, Sun-Times, 27 Feb 96) "Duchamp produced six versions of this collection; each new edition included additional works by the "It's all very well to obsess, but let's try to do it in moderation" (Cecil Adams, 29 Sept 95) artist" (Museum of Contemporary Art, July 96; ??every, ??allthe) "Thousands of excellent nouns, verbs and adjectives that have stood in every decent dictionary for Her"EarliereyesSirareKarlblueindjv/redstage'had equatecf'learning from our mistakes' with 'learning by trial an error' ..., and the years are still unfamiliar to such ignoramusesi, and I do not solicit theiri patronage. Let themi recreate trial-and-error formulation dates from 1937 at least. .." (Kuhn, Essential Tension, 278) themselves with whodunits, and leave my vocabulary and me to my own customers, who have all "She saw me on Law TV along with half her garden club" (Murder One, 12 Dec 96; ambig.: 'half her been to school" (Mencken Chrestomathy, preface) garden club saw me too' vs. 'she saw half her garden club too') "This desponding turn of mind ..." (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 66) Pragmatics "And there remain. Refusing to biodegrade" (Sun-Times, 30 July 96) "... mud as black as tar, and nigh about a foot deep in some places; and two or three inches deep in all Blocking the places" (Twain, A Pen Warmed-up in Hell, 171; = at least 2 or 3 inches deep) two more times ?twice more3 "Marianne assented most feelingly to the remark; and her mother was led by it to an enumeration of Causatives Colonel Brandon's injuries and merits ... Her daughter did not look, however, as if much of it were "... and then he swore us on the Bible to be faithful to the State of Missouri and drive all invaders heard by her" (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 206; shift of empathy focus?) from her soil..." (Twain, A Pen Warmed-up in Hell, 23) Speech acts "Something in his tone of voice must have decided me" (Suspense: Evening's Diversion) "Cops Tell Driver: 'We Will Find You'" (Sun-Times headline, 30 May 96; intended recipient '"

13 December 23, 1996 14 December 23, 1996 Compounding, complex nominals was of course many light years away) John is 15 years/*year old. a 15 year/*years old boy "As early down as you go, you find <...>" (Nina H, 19 Mar 96; refers to studying ever younger Neologisms children) "... a revolutionary theory about the origin and history of species that he co-developed with Niles "Mixed peanuts" (label on package, KLM, Mar 96) Eldredge in 1972" (Tribune Books, 3 Mar 96) "Thomas Kuhn's 1962 landmark work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, didn't enter the "... two infractors surrendered to a campus cop .." (NITMagazine , 10 Nov 96) French language until 1983" (Lingua Franca , Apr 96) Lexicon They were miserable the ?remainders/*rests of their lives. The last/*final of Brahms' 4 symphonies. "He's also close friends with Georg Solti and Carlos Kleiber" (Tribune Arts, 16 June 96) "This is the fourth and final of them" (Peter van de Graff, WFMT, 22 Feb 96; observed just days [Is a line parallel to itself? If so, that screws up definition of "parallel" as "has no points in common after I constructed the examples on the preceding line; he was even referring to Brahms) with".] sufficiently few/little ??little/??fewenough invisible = it's such that it can't be seen not visible = we can't see it "The day that it started wasn't too different m any other day" (Suspense, Heavens to Betsy) "Is there no salvation for us both to adopt Civilization and lift ourselves down to its level?" (Twain, A SUre/*Surely he did. Pen Warmed-up in Hell, 86) *We will sure get wrong results if . (paper by native German, 96) "When he was eventually caught, he was jailed for 13 years. But he was released in 1992 on "... she had very much regrettted being from home"; "... if Sir John dined from home, she might condition that he seek psychiatric help" (Tribune, 3 Sept 96; 13 years is the sentence, not the length of spend a whole day without hearing any other raillery on the subject. than what she was kind enough time that he was in jail) to bestow on herself' (Austen, Sense and Sensibility, 143, 146; from = away from) Selectional restrictions "All her impatience to be at home again now returned ... and she was wildly urgent to be gone" "Oh, I didn't want to wait for a vehicle. They're too slow. I conveyed myself" (Lafferty, "By the (Austen, Sense and Sensibility ,120-21) seashore", 75) "What ceremony else?" "There are no tongues else for's turn" (Hamlet, V.i.223, V.ii.l83) Valence "This is funny of Sharon" (Connie A, 1 June 96, with reference to a photograph of Sharon) "Detectives said they had been unable to question the girl, 15, who had suffered head injuries and "The debris blocks tiny blood vessels in the brain, starving it of oxygen" (Sun-Times, 19 Dec 96) was in and out of consciousness Monday " (Sun-Times, 2 July 96; *in consciousness) "In a clinic bed in Botafogo, a 6-year old fell in and out of tears 24 hours after a bullet pierced his Phonology thigh" (NYT, 10 Nov 96; *out of tears) evt)lve/evolution [iY-E] Count/mass "... so the change is in me-in my vision of the evidences" (Twain, A Pen Warmed-up in Hell , 8) Idioms Speech errors, screwups "In a 60th-birthday interview Mr. Martino was still blaming everyone but himself for the lack of "By choice, I took four months off work and only returned part time until the baby is older" (letter to headway his music had made despite all his prizes and plum academic posts" (NIT Arts, 10 Mar 96) Dear Abby, 5 March 95; clearly intended to mean 'until the baby is older, I will work only part time) "Campbell Scott's 'Hamlet' is out for blood from the moment he gets his ghostly exhortation to kick "If you've seen shows like this and liked them, and you're not yet a member, now is your chance to Claudius' bucket" (Boston Globe, Mar 29 96, noted by RJ) do so" (WTTW pledge drive, 1996; noted by Nancy Dray) "... she destroyed all the letters between herself and the composer on which she could lay her hands" "Turgenev was in no doubt as to whom it referred" (zamoyski, Chopin, 257; haplology of to) (zamoyski, Chopin, 280) Question For whom do you have more respect, "You're a cinch to have the book thrown at you when they get you" (Circumstantial Terror, Louis Farrakhan or Nelson Mandela? Suspense, 8 Mar 54) Yes: (312) 408-3641 "We all ended up with our geese well and truly cooked" (Rushdie, Midnight's Children, 398) No: (312) 408-3642 (Sun-Times, 29 Jan 96) Crosses "Taking stock, but no guff, Mandela talks of democracy" (NIT headline 10 Nov 96) "Youth ball hockey is an increasingly popular sport because it combines the fun of ice hockey without "So having putk in mortal peril, Phred managed to save my sorry behind" (Doonesbury, 14 July 96" the expense" (R. Roeper, 30 Apr 96) "They had little applause for the music, and were plainly not having anything properly describable as Hypercorrections a high old time" (2ndMencken Chrestomathy, 418) "Maybe you're one of those red-eyed people who has trouble dropping off at night? Or maybe one of "Airlines prefer mum to be word on safety" (Tribune headline, 25 July 96) those who wakes up too early and can't get back to sleep?" (Royko, 2 Feb 96) Lexical semantics "Not all women vote and think alike" (expert quoted in NYTMagazine , 28 July 96; = Women don't "What's great about Skitch is that he can move between any type of music" (Marvin Hamlisch, all ... ) quoted in NYT Arts, 28 Jan 96) "The real"Hungarian count... was an opportunist who spied for whomever suited him" (NYT, 22 Dec A: Yes, I asked him if he'd like the usual and he said yes and thanked me and I said goodbye. 96) B: All the time you were talking to me? A: Well - between talking to you. (Sturgeon, "Agnes, accent and access", 172) Written language "Between each doorbell ring, Rose recalculated the odds of having chocolate left over" (Rhymes witl Spelling Orange, 31 dec 96) "Gangsta rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg ..." (Sun-Times; NB not rapPf1 ) Interesting/amusing signs Why don't you buy one more - you'll always use it. (always * at all times; = in any event) "We rent helium" (State Novelty Co., Cleveland, 1996) "... a T-shirt similar to the one Seberg famously wore in 'Breathless" (NIT Arts, 25 Feb 96) "Like good pulp fiction, an American Earth-orbiting telescope last December stumbled in the dark recess of space over a dying body" (Tribune, 28 Feb 96; the brown dwarf star to which this refers

15 December 23, 1996 16 December 23, 1996 Other languages Identity Chinese "No pasa nada ni va a pasar" (LazosdeAmor, 16 Feb 96) dang-guo zongtong *shi-guo xuesheng (possible evidence that copula shi isn't a V?) "Tu y yo somos amigos, pero tambien 10soy de Carlos" (Pobre Nina Rica, 11 June 96; transitive Dutch amigo = intransitive) "Syrle beschouwt deze organizaties niet als terreur- maar als bevrijdings bewegingen ..." (Algemeen Use of morphological forms Dagb1ad, 12 March 96) Gender ignored "Op de conferentie wordt gerapporteerd en geediscusierd over de maten en hooveelheden Maria Paula: No, Osvaldo no es tan encantador como yo. (Lazos de Ainor , 15 Mar 96) besmmetting van het milieu en de coodselketens, die genomen en nog te nemen maatregelen om deze Agreement besmetting tegen te gaan ..." (AlgemeenDagblad, 12 March 96) "EI proximo ganador podrfa(s) ser tU"(MacDonald's commercial June 96) "Dat is gewoon en kwestie van vraag en aanbod" (AlgemeenDagb1ad , 12 March 96; lit. 'demand and "... las dos Marias Guadalupes ..." (Lazos de Amor , 1 Mar 96) supply') "Cada uno tenemos 10nuestro" (Lazos de Amor , 19 Mar 96) "Deelnemers komen uit heel de wereld" (Algemeen Dagblad, 16 Mar 96; RdR accepts only 'de heel "Tu papa necesita que alguien Ie hable claro, y ese alguien voy a ser yo" (Lazos de Amor , 11 Apr 96) wereld') "... cada vez que haya un espacio y tiempo libres ..." (Americas, Sept. 95, 20) German "Pelaremos y limpiaremos bien los pepino!, tomates y pimientos ..." (Cocina Regional Espafiola , 59; "Das einzige Land der Welt, in dem gegen deutsche Touristen demonstriert wird, ~ die the recipe calls for" 1 pepino") Niederlande" (Frankfurter Allgemeine, 23 March 96; cf. Czech, where plural place names like Ceske "Canal 44 es malas noticias para los trabajadores del sindicato" (poster, Dec 96) Budejovice take plural agreement) "j,Son el sonido de mis propios anhelos que resuenan por el vasto vacio de la nada?" (Unamuno, "Wenn entsprechend ausgeriistete Autos dennoch als gestohlen gemeldet wurden, sei entweder der Sentimiento Tragico de 1aVida, 162) Dieb im Besitz des Originalschliissels gewesen, der Diebstahl vorgetiiuscht worden oder der Wagen sei von den Dieben abgeschleppt worden" (Siiddeutsche Zeitung , 26 Mar 96) "La parte mas deUcada de una separaci6n son los hijos" (Candan de Amor , 5 July 96) "In Brownsville und East New York sind die Einbriiche wieder leicht hoch- und die Verhaftungen "La distancia entre esto y esto §QR14 dias" (before-and-after commercial, Jan 96) zuriickgegangen" (Spiegel, I Apr 96) Hector: Mi especialidad son los negocios. (Pobre Nina Rica, 16 Aug 96) "Maul- und Klauenseuche" (Spiegel, I Apr 96; cf. Eng. hoof and mouth disease) "Lo que cuentan son los hechos" (Pobre Nina Rica, 28 Aug 96) "Wenn man ein Geschiift wie dieses betreiben will, muB mann es ganz oder gar nicht machen" Accusative a (Spiegel, I Apr 96; _ ganz oder nicht; are nicht and gar nicht of different categories?) Maria Paula: No quiero compartir nada ni a nadie. (Lazos de Amor , 28 Feb 96; conjoining of "Die Bevolkerung weiB, daB es viele schwule Priester in der katholischen Kirche und daB es auch conjllncts with/without a) eine Menge schwule Pfarrer und lesbische Pfarrerinnen bei den Protestanten gibt" (Spiegel, I Apr Contraction 96) "Mercedes Sosa tiene una calida y sensual voz de contralto, que parece elevarse sin esfuerzo alguno "Vertrieben wurden, vertrieben haben hier alle drei Volksgruppen ..." (Spiegel, I Apr 96) por encima Qrl coro y la orquesta" (Americas, May 96, 42) "Es eeicht schon, wenn einfach weder Bier noch Wein ausgeschenkt werden" (Spiegel, I Apr 96) Clitics "Wer gemeinsam reist, steigt natiirUch zusammen ein" (LH Bordbuch, Feb 96) Inanimate dative "Gogol schrieb in Odessa den zweiten, miBgliickte, Teil seines Romans - und vernichtete ihn "EI viejo sill6n, recuerdo de mejores tiempos, no pertenece a este mundo que ~ rodea" (Marques, Ut wieder" (LH Bordbuch, Feb 96) Carreta , 55) "j,Y que es esto de la visi6n beatffica? Vemos, en primer lugar, que se ~ llama visi6n y no acci6n, "In der fidschianischen Hauptstadt Suva setzten Vertreter dieser drei Staaten am Montag ihre suponiendo algo pasivo" (Unamuno, Sentimiento Tragico de 1a Vida, 199) Unterschrift under den elfJahre alten Vertrag ..." (Siiddeutsche Zeitung , 26 Mar 96; cf. English 'the eleven year/*years old treaty) "Theesieben Jahre altere Schwester ist mit einem Bruder ihres Mannes Various syntactic constructions verheiratet" (Spiegel, 1 Apr 96; Eng. 'her 7 ??year/*years older sister') Comparative-conditional 95 "Die lljiihrige Josefa Behl, [ein Leben] lang Demokratin und Clinton-Wiihlerin, applaudiert" (Spiegel "EI hombre es tanto mas hombre, esto es, tanto mas divino, cuanta mas capacidad para el sufrimiento, , I Apr 96; cf. Eng. a [life-long] Democrat) 0, mejor dicho, para la congoja, tiene" (Unamuno, Sentimiento Tragico de la Vida, 183) "... in- und ausserhalb Europas" (Adolf Hitler speech, 30 Jan 39) Complements "Ojala y 10logre" (Lazos de Amor , 2 Feb 96) Spanish Beatriz: Ojala y algun dfa puedo ser su amiga. (Pobre Nina Rica, 28 Aug 96) Anaphora "Ojala y 10hubieras hecho antes" (Pobre Nina Rica, 30 Aug 96) Eduardo: Yo no estoy enamorado de Susana, pero tampoco 10estoy de t1.(Lazos de Amor , 14 Mar Coordination 96; antecedent less than whole A') "Tanto Soledad como yo somos una prueba" (Lazos de Amor ,2 Jan 96) Backwards "Ni usted va a perder a Nicolas ni mi mama a mi" (Lazos de Amor , Feb 96; gapping) "Aunque los italianos los disfrutan mas si cuelgan y se balancean desde su boca, Ie sugerimos que si "El Festival de Berlin present6 seis producciones nacionales 0 en cooperaci6n en la secci6n Mercado no quiere mancharse la camisa de tomate, pida una cuchara para poder enrollar y comer !illi Internacional..." (Americas, May 96, 56) espaguetis" (textbook used by Elisa S; 1996) "... uno de esos argumentos inocentes que las madres utilizan para convencer a sus hijos de que "Ana Ie oClllt6 su origen a Maria Guadalupe" (Lazos de Amor, 7 Feb 96) deben 0 no hacer una cosa" (Marques, LaCarreta , 91) Reflexive 8 "Ni el alma puede vivir sin el cuerpo, ni este sin aqueIla ..." (Unamuno, Sentimiento Tragicode 1a "Yo 10 vi besandose con una muchacha" (Pobre Nina Rica, 28 Aug 96) Vida,220) Control Extraction from subordinate S "Lo has hecho paraobiigarme a casarnos" (Pobre Nina Rica, 15 July 96) "j,Y cual crees tUque es laraz6n?" (Lazosde Amor ,23 Jan 96) Ellipsis "Tuve una idea que ceeo que 0 les va a seevir" (Cancian de Amor , 26 Aug 96) "Te espero esta tarde donde siempre" (Lazos de Amor, 1 Mar 96) Negation

17 December 23, 1996 18 December 23, 1996 "Nada ni nadie puede separarnos" (Lazos de Amor ,6 Feb 96; also note sg agreement) "No quiero que nunca se borre" (Lazos de Amor ,5 Mar 96; 0 = tu sonrisa) Parts of speech "200g de champinones muy picados" (CocinaRegionalEspafiola , 189) pi as A' "Todo eso es tan sin sentido" (Lazos de Arnor , 20 Mar 96) "Nunca he dicho nada tan en serio" (Pobre Nina Rica, 30 July 96) P' as object of P "Yo me siento solo desde haee mucho" (Lazos de Amor ,29 Mar 96) " la caridad para con los hombres" (Unamuno, Sentimiento Tragicode la Vida, 191) " la Camara de Representantes vot6 ayer para pasar por sobre el veto del presidente Clinton a un proyecto de ley que prohibe una forma de aborto en la etapa final" (EI Nuevo Dia ,20 Sept 96) Structure of NPs "1 vaso de agua Heno de aceite" (CocinaRegionalEspafiola ,315) "Hector es un miserable, un poco hombre" (Pobre Nina Rica, 1996) Articles . Julio: Tienes unos ojos muy bonitos. (PobreNina Rica, 2 July 96) Relative clauses and their congeners "Puedes visitarlas las veces que quieras" (Lazos de Arnor, 13 Feb 96; = however many times you want) "Noimaginas Ii!ilusionada que estoy"; "Piense solo en lo.s.felices que somos" (Cauci6ndeAmor, 23 Aug96) "Usted no tiene porque culparse de nada" (Pobre Nina Rica, 2 Sept 96) Word order "Yo de aqui no me muevo" (LazosdeArnor, 10 Jan 96) "Pero yo hace tiempo que no ceeo en la radio" (Marques, LaCarreta , 139) "No quiero terminar esta tan amable asociaci6n con la familia Villagran"(Pobre Nina Rica, 16 Aug 96) "... la expresi6n 'creo que sea asi, aunque no estoy de ello seguro' es corriente y vulgar" (Unamuno, Sentimiento Tragico de la Vida, 167) .

Semantics Scope "Algo me tienen que decir" (Lazos de Arnor , 10 Jan 96; in context had to be narrow-scope algo ) AspectlTense ";,Estaba enamorada de ti 010 sigue estando?" (Lazos de Arnor ,28 Feb 96) "... tuvo la gran alegna de recibir ]a noticia de que su marido seguia con vida" (letter, EI Pais, 12 Sept 95) "Quiza la sorpresa mas grande siga siendo ese pequeno pais, Uruguay, de apenas 3 millones de habitantes, que sigue asombrando al mundo con sus hazanas futbolisticas" (Americas, Sept 95, 2)

Morphology "Has cometido un grande pecado" (LazosdeAmor, 22 Jan 96) "jCanallas! jAsesinos! jHijodeputas!" (Marques, LaCarreta , 152) Diminutive Estela: Esta bien loquita. (Pobre Nina Rica, 9 Sept 96; uttered as a reproach) Word formation "Retomare el caso" (Pobre Nina Rica, 30 Aug 96; ??I'l retake the case) "Una mujer como tu, con estas sinseguridades" (Cauci6n de Arnor , 30 July 96) "Voz de hombre aguardentosa" (Marques, LaCarreta , 57) Lexicon be XiS fault = ser por la culpa de X Freezes pillos y guardias (Marques, LaCarreta , 72; cf. Eng. cops and robbers) Idioms "... porque ganas de vivir no tengo" (Cauci6n de Amor , 13 June 96) Dona Isa: Tti no tuviste la culpa. Luis: Sf, la tuve. (Marques, LaCarreta , 94)

19 December 23, 1996 .•

SPANISH Aceusltiye I (examples taken mainly from telenovelas and Spanish news sho'w'son Chic8lJOTVstations; includes "Ala unica que no pudo reeonocer fue a Roquel" (27 Jan. 66) my 1965-6 compilation plus a lot of ne.•••stuff; the number of spelli ng and transcription erron in earlier CGmpilations hes been greetly reduced thanks to tha help of Elise Steinberg; this "bA qulen hay que meter en la carcel?" (C4rmln, May 20 86) supplements my annual compllatlons of [mainly En011sh)examples. -James D. McCawley) "bComo se llama el hombre que atropellola senorita?" ( Tu () nallie; unambiguously: ... 'Whothe morpho101J!1 lady ran over) Gender tgnored M.Y.:Eres lnjusto, Jose Antonio. JA: No, MerieTereee, leinjusteerestu. bEstas recollOCiendoque escribiste ellibro con la solalntencion de separarnos, a Evay ami? (Gabriel to Homar Chavez, LaVerdedera Eva, 64) Mariela: Estas equivocado. Armendo: Laequivocada eres tu, Mariela. (Atre"'ete, Jan. 9 67) Elle me eme con locure, iguel que yo a elle. (NB comparative reduction) La unlca que ame es a mf. (Vanessa, March 2, 63) Yono soy 1nseguro. Lal nsegura eres tu. Los voy a destruir a todos. (NB separation of quantifier from NP) Loque tienes que convencer es a Javier. ( Nart4 VJ4~'ier) (doctor to Clari bel) Usted es una muchecha sana, y su merido tambien. (Coralito, 1984) Es a tI que yo qulero.

(mother to Alfonso) Es una buena chice, y tu 10eres tembien. (1983) Mariela: Nola condenas como a mi. (Atril··ete, 18 Mar 87)

Armando: "Estas tan esusted§ como yo, Marlela, bverdad?" (Atri~'ete, 6 Aug 66) eonlrlction "Cartagena no tardO en convertlrse en punto de recoleccl6n del oro, esmeraldas y perlas Amandato Esteban: Yotamblen estoy mcomo tu. (Atrel·'ete, 22 sept 66) procedentes del vi rrei nato de NuevoGranada, ya menudo del oro y la plata del Peru ..: (t4miric8s 39.3, 13; II, fuses 'oIlth article of only the fint conjunct) Agreement "Puerto Rico... habia salido victorloso del mel tiemllO,la poslble turbulencia politica y las Armando to Mercos: Ni tu nl Federico Y§!la convencerme. (Atd~'ete, 6 OCt66) dificultades logisticas" (t4miric8s 39.63) Leonor: Noqulero que ni Armando ni Roberto sufran. (Atd.·,t" 17 Mar 87 Maximo to Diego:Recuerda que ni til ni yo la~. (Jug4RII()a I,·i.·ir. May 6 84) tilt = posseSii ve [Plural agreement obligatory in all the preceding; ES, citing Gili GalJ8,points out that 'With Pierre: Esa nina no es de Luciano sino mia. (Vanessa, Apr 26, 83) conjol ned subject efter the verb thare is the option of egreement 'Withjust the closest conjunct: Yo me llevo un 11ndorecuerdo tuyo ..... a lovely memory of you' No me agredaba/agradaban nl ell ugar , nlla hora, nllos concurrentes.) a pesar tuyo 'i n spite of you' . "Hay un retrato tuyo y de Reque!" (= a picture of you and Requel; Tu 0 nafie, 9 Jan.; "t'olO

Virginia, 8compaiiada por otros tipos, me descubrieron. (i4 Inlrusa, 6 Nov 67) pictures of you and R" = dos retratos tUlJOSIJ de Requel)

Los hombres y les mujeres tenamos los mismos derechos. (i4lntrus8, 7 July 87; tienen elso iPobre Armando I iPobre de ti!(de ti',. tuV() possible-ES) di milluti YI ... con una precision y maestria increibles. (Marti, Instrument()s mus;ules pr'C()rtesi8n()S "un problemltt" (ia Intrus4, 6 July 87) 56) A:bY de quien es esta boquita? B: Es tuyita. (i411t/ruse, 10 Nov87) "... toma todito" (Carmin, Apr 86) Juan y Pedro son amig~, y Pablo y Gerardo 19.son tambien. "No me gusta nodI!! de eso" (Alrl,'ete, 3 Jan 67)

"Laescuela DuSable es 97'1/; negr~" (Ayuda, 5 June 86) Subjunctive NoimllOrtala opinion que tu tengas. "b5abes 10 que necesitas? Enamorar~" (Atrel"ete, June 66) euttes "5i 10ech@ fuera, eche19.ala carcel" (NY( suway poster; Eno11shorlol nal is "If they thro'ol you Dios (*10) hizo Hover. (dummy subject of 11().'u doesn·t surface as a elitlc 'Whenit becomes out, thro.". them in jail"; ••••hy not echelos?) object) Inlnf mite ditty. Marcos to Armando: [Roberto) estaba jugendo a que fuera/*fueras til. (Atrel··ete, 6 Dee 86) "Dice Ie genta que si uno ~ de tres vue1tas al arrol, se cesa dentro del eno" (Americas 38.1.13) El genedor voy/*va a ser yo. CUmbin, El ganador parezco/*parece ser yo. "Note quiero obliger" (Carmin, May 19 66) El genador perece/*parezco que soy yo. [Does this argue that in "El genador soy yo", elganet/or "Losigo vigi1ando" (Carmin, 30 June 86) is the subject, but agreement is with the predicate NP?)

r-'_",_.,_._ .. r. tnoo ? F phrllAri I n t OAA Leonor: iNome mandas a callar! (Atrh'~!6, i Dee 86) Meriela: Yome se defender. (t4trjr.'ete, 23 Mar 87) It,s" as cross-eategor, modifier Nose deje ver. 'Don't let yourself be seen' Hollhastal10 besol. 'Todallshe even kissed him' Se volvio a burlar de mi. (la IntruslJ, 18 Jan 88) 81" IS negatton + subordt nation Roberto: NIJncete VOiledejer de querer. (Atrl~'ete, 31 Mar 87; iterated climbing) Sigo sin entender. "still don't understand' Note quiero volver aver, nunca. (la Intrusa, 7 Oct 87) YP IS N' (La informecion) no podre usarsa en su contre. (WClUi 'no sa podre' also possible) EI (estar sentado todo el dial es malo pere mh hemorroide8. (commercial, 1983) "Eso tiene que acebarse" (.ftrjr.'ete, 1 Jan 87; Is climbing possible here?) , verioas s,ntactlc constructions lie-deletion Cleft Vo no te pago, por slnvergUenza IIpor pecador. ([stefan/a, April 85) Ortiz to Contreras: Qui6n se la merece real mente soy \10.('''artIJ g Jal,'fer, Feb 21 84) "5e destruve a si misme por estupida" (lallttrusa, 26 MeV67; S reduced to AP) "Conla unice con que cl)ntamos es con la alluda de Dios" ( Atri~'e!e, 18 ~v 86; could also be 'con Renete: le bote por inmorel. (lalntrusa, 21 JulV 87) 10 unico...', meaning 'The onlv thing ••••e can count on...' (vs. 'The onlv help ••••e can count on...'I-E5) "Estoy &quipor criminel, no por tonta" (ll Pecat/ot/e Ogu/;/, 25 Dee 87) "Conla unica con que puedocontar as contlgo" (la Ilttrusa, 10 Aug 87)

Aspect/tense Yopuedo tener amistad con quien \10quiera. (la Ilttrusa, 7 OCt87) Tatiana: Siempre 10supe. Gabriel: LLo sabias? (la fut/adua b'a, Feb. 13,85) 5i usted tiene informaciones 0 necesita con quien heblar ,... (WCIU, anti -gang message 87)

IEstoll Vlendo! (Regina, as she regains her siQht) Claudia: "MeVOilair muylejos, adonde nadie me encuentre mes" (Carmin, 20 June 86; NB doMe matches adMde) A pesar del corto tiempo que estov conociendo a Eva, ... comperatlve Estrella: Luis Antonio, Lme das un baso? (la/lttrusa, Oct 87; English ••••ould require 'Will "Mes que vivir, vegataba hesta ahore" (Carmllt, 30 Apr 86) \IOu...'; is dari's possi ble here?) "( Koolaidl cuesta Ie mited gY§.las sod8s" (commercial, 7 Mall 67) Prefiero acepter su avuda que la tuye. (1983; pseudo-comparative) part af speech AdJ YS. N complements Vo me siento muv amige tuva. (la Ilttrusa, Aug 1987) Sandre to Roberto: Tienes que acostumbrerte (a) que \10soy tu madre. (Atriro'ete, Jan. 22 87; d. 'You have to accustom \IOurself (to) that lam your mother). - Adv ys. adj. "Cuid8docon darle entender que estoll &qui" (Rodrigo to Meura, Tu 0 nat//e, 22 March) Ese error pUedecosterte cero/'caramente. Te prohibo que hebles esf. (la Ilttrusa, Aug. 87) Esalocure puede costarte mUllcera. "LComovas a entrar en su cesa sin que te vea?" (lallttrusa, 8 Jan 88) "Vasa pagar muv caroM(t1triro'e/e,2 OCt86) '1u sigues casedo legftimamante con Estrelle" (la Intrusa, 16 Dee 87) Ese t1po j uega sucio. "Tengoal niM enfermo" ( la Ilttrusa, 5 Jen 86) Ella asta metida completico en aste asunto. (Atri'~'(fte, Jan. 29 87) lSuba rapld1to! (.ftrl"'(fte, Jen. 967) lSuba repldo! Perception predicetes

Yo.la veo cade vez peor. 'She keeps looki 119 worse to me' PP as AP Tu te sientes con suena. 'Youfeel tired' ceordi netion 'Tengo derechos'. 1u te sientes!

3 February 6, 1988 4 Februllry 6,I!:lBB ill preservetivos quimicos" (Amirieas 39.3,56) P••• iye X ~ Yfueron neoados fienzas. (= were denied bail; 10as passive subject) (xclomotive. echo "Nosabeslo feliz que me haces" (Carmin, 12 Ma~ 86) .....el convento lj 18iglesia de San Felipe Neri, mand8do8 construir en 1775 ..... "Est8 obra de 8rte, "Nosabes 10 que te extrallo". (la Intrusa, 3 feb 66; NB no overt compared adjective) mendada a hacer en 1679 ..... (Amlrtcas38.1.13; Passive extracting from lower Y'?) "Sus fortiflcaciones, empezedas a construlr en 1503 ..."( Ami-rlcas 39.3.13) ·'.1.Esque tienes mledo?· ".1.Miedo~? (Carmin, 3 June 86) Rellttve clluses Ind their congeners Rodrigo to Francisco: .1.Ytu me lIamaste delincuente? i.A mi, delincuente? (Carmln, 1 Jullj 86) Leonor: Desiree das8parecio ~ Juan Carlos g~ no liege. (Atd~"t" 17 Sept 86) "iQue cesualidad! £1que llega\l el telefono que suena." (La Intrusa, 26 Ma\l 87)Fake relative Armando: iPapa, que felta me haces! (Atril"ete, 16 Oct 66) Carmel8 to Leonor:... su hljo, que en paz desClnse (Atri~',I" 9 Oct 86; cf. *~ur son, who (ma~) IPobrec1ta ml hlja! 0' rest In peace; Is this a nonrestrictive relative or e (nonrelatlve) parenthetical?) ..iPobrecito, ~ pobre tu papa!" (Atre'I"ete, 7 Aug 66; cf. *poor ~ur father) Free Armando: Note pldo, te exljo. Federico: l.Que? l.Exlglrme, t6 a mf? ( Alr/,"ele, 14 Oct 86) ·Los medicos son qUlen pueden salvarlo· (La Inlrusa, 19 Me~ 67) .....lj ~ aburrida, sin con qUlen jugar· (La Inlrusa, 22 June 87) ".1.Voen la ciircel?" (t4trilo'ele, 25 Mar 87; HBnominative, unlike English) Infi nitivil Marlano:"Ya con~ui un luger donde vlVir" (Carmln, Malj 1966) Desiree: iPrlmero muerta! (Atdl,'ete, 30 Mar 87; 'I would die first') "Usted no t1ene nada porque dlsculparse". (la Inlrusa, 4 Feb 88; cf. *You have no reason wh~ to apologize) .....Ie flera de tu mujer" (la Inlrusa, 27 Ma~ 87; cf. ~ur wild enlmal of a wife, *the wild animal of \lOur",Ife) lexicon "iEse desgraclado de Alfredo'· (la Inlrusa, 2 Jul~ 87) Idioms vtth t""r Alfredo: Laloca de ml mujer. (la Inlrusa, 13 July 87) 'i.Que tienes, Enrique?' 'MIedo' Loque tienes es miedo. Extroctioll from subordinote 5 Vanessa: i.Con quhin dicen que (jJ = Pierre) va a casarse? ( 1983) "Agustin Lara cump1io 50 anos de muerte" (24 Hores, Nov 865; iFelicitaciones, Agustin, ~ Ie l.Comocrees que me puedo senti r ~o? 'Howdo \IOUthl nk I feel?' ( Hola.. Fel USB, Sept. 27 85) deseo 50 a1l0smiisI) ... Alfonsol' que sabes que ama 0'i tu hlja, ... (1983) Marcos: ... une muchache que tu sabes mu~ bien que B es Ioocente. (Atrivete, 26 Feb 87) •... ~ VISA~ MASTERCHARGEson blenvenldos" (commercial, 28 Oct 86; ~ this a calque?) "Algotienes que haber oido" (Alriv,I" 25 Dec 86) NegaUon "Estlishablando dormlda" (Atri~'ete, 21 OCt86) "Saliode equl no hace mucho tlempo" (Alril,'ele, 2 Jan 87) Ne,atiye p.laritg Barbara to Desiree: Megusta mas Jose para ser pereja contlgo. (Alr!,,'ele, 2 Dec 66) Aquiestaremos tranqullos, sin que nadle nos moleste. (1983) No puede ser que oedaes mes Importante que tu femilia. (Coral1toSept25 64) "Entonces so~ toda oidos· (Carmtn, 29 Ma~ 86 end 3 June) ... sin que nadle se entere. Alfredo: i.( Usled se V88 ir) sin ni siquiera decirme su oombre? (La Inlrusa, 16 Nov 67) "Advertencia de cirujano general: Furner durante el emberazo puede causar. .. y reducir el peso del ..... sin obligaclon de comprar nada" (commercial, 23 Nov 87) reclen nacldo" (English original Is .....end low birth ••••eloht ..)

·Votam~ me arreplento de nede· (C,rmlit, Ma~ 1666) Prepositions with so/Far;examples from ESand J..Marti (judgements in that order ••••hen t••••o are given) "N! nada nl nadle puede separarnos" (Atd,"ele, Aug29 86; Is pueden *?) Sonabe con Maria. Sonaba en conseguir el premio. OKI?Soliaba con unalavadora. So1\abaque consegui ria el premlo. "Note pongas asi·. "Nome pongo B".(Carmtn, Apr 1086) Sonaba con ganar el premio "Noesta mel-- no esta neda Il1lIl· (Carmlit, 7 July 66; ..••hlch is heed: nad, or m,l?) OK/* Sonaba con un unlcornlo, (IIOnreferential interpretation) *10K Sonaba en un unlcornio. S01labeacerca de un unicornl0 que... Madre Dolores to Herminia: Le prohibo hacer _ como empleada de esta carcel. (Alrb'ete, 25 .1.Enque suenas? i.Con quien soenas? Feb 67) *t. En qUien suenas? *t.Con que suenas. Noestoy en posicion de exlgir neda. (lalnlrusa, 20 oct 87) (,Acerca de que sonaste? Sobre que sonabas? OK/*.1.Acercede quien sonaste? *I??i.Sobre quien sonabas.

t:' r".•..J-._II'""'"_.' t:. tnoo (:. rn •..•..' '''''''''''' t:.. 1nQQ freezes ",.. desde muy nHie..:' (t1trl~#e, June 86) ... de pies a cabeza. (i8 In!rus8, 17 JulV 67) Leonor: Armando IJ Marcos hen sido amigos desde ninas. (.4!rI •..ete, 16 Dec 66) tsrde 0 temprsno. Anaphora Idioms Leonor: Tengo mi~ dude~ \I~upongoque tu le~ tiene~ temblfift. (14Irh'ele, Apr 20 87; cf. ??.., 1 Si Iii supieras Ie falta que me heces. (ilJ InfruslJ, Aug. 87) suppose \IOUheve Ihem 100; ·... 1suppose \IOudo 100' is OK,since sloppy ldenlily is OK), Tu no sebes Ie falta que me heces. (ilJ Infrusa, oct 1367) A:bQue relecion hay entre ese senor y \IO? B: Todavfe nlngune. Pero te aseguro que Ie hebra. "Enlre Estrelle IJ yo no hey neda, y no ~ htlbre nullC8" (ie InlruslJ, 4 Jan 88) VIlence "Yoquede verte sene, como tu siempre 19.fulsle" (ilJ Intruse, 23 Dec 87) .....dt la razon 0!1 callas por siempre" (Carmfn, May 1286) Spantsh pronoun = EnVlish 'IP .....elaeropuerto de Sucre ... es famaso enlre las pllolos por ser diffcil de aterrizar en el..." Cermela: Nome puse nade... 51, me puse. (t1fr"'~fe, 17 Mer 87) Amerlces 36.1.8 "Sucre sigue siendo une ci uded pere cemi ner por ella" Americes 38.1.10. Word Irder "Allf esla el pavo pare llenerl9." (t1trb~fe, 5 Jen 87) "NoIe prometo neds sin entes htlbler con el" (t1trll,~te, June 86; cfwlthout flnt/*beforehend talking •.••ith him) Blclevards ana phon L1eneteetros en tode Americe Illes mujeres se enloquecen cuendo.0'i se conlorsione senslJtllmenle "Yo manana vO\lala ofici na" (Antonio in To' I) n8ti;lf, 15 Jan.; fl}Ml}rrl}lr' couldn'l occupy that en el escenario, pero Jose Luis Rodriguezi tiene objetivos que van mucho mas a118de su exilo ... position in English) "Ustedes pare mf son mUlllmportentes" ( t1frl~'lftlf, 13 Oct 86) (Americas 38.3.60) "P011llcos no 19.oyen, sl Usted no vota" (sign In eTA buses; v101etes some versions of anephore Armando: Yocontigo puedo hebler. (t1frl~~fe, Aug 25, 86) conslrainl) "Yocon qulen queda habler ere contlgo" (t1frll,~fe, Aug26 86) "Yo10 unico que se es que ta eslas volviendo loce" (ie Infru$IJ, 7 Ma\l 87) Reflexive "Yo10 unico que puedo sentir por tf es llsUme" (ia In/rusa, 4 feb 88) "Casarse sin emor es feltarse el respelo e si mismo" (ie Infruse, 28 Nov 87) "tllo que necesita es dinero" (lIlln/ruslJ, 26 Me1l87) Miscellaneous "Lo esta usted 10grando" (t1fr"'~fe, I 5epI86) .....con tu ayuda 0 sin elle" (Cermin, Apr 30 86)

Armando: i.Tembien con ellelenfe relaciones Juen Cerlos? ( t1/rll,'efe, 15 OCI86) Contrll • "Cuentas 10s pollosi entes de.0'i nacer" (t1tri~'6fe, June 86) "Entiendo perfectemenle lodo". (.4frb·efe, 18 Mar 87) "Parece que he llegedo une mujer que dice ser Ie ¥tuda de Antonio" ( Tif I) Nad;e;Equl .•.•lth tiee;r) "El ebogadode la acusacion esla metlendo opiniones quenada tienen que ver con ..... (Afrb·efe, Apr 1387) ..... el 3 de Septiembre que no se lrebaje p'!!rser Labor Dell" (commerciel for Vlajes P81enche, 84)

Tan culpable es usted como 10soy \10.(ia Infrusa, 23 OCt87) "Antes que caigas en una de estes situeciones, llamenos pan elluderte" (ad in NYC;is tu' or nl}sl}frl}s the understood subject of avutiar?) E111psts "i.Quieres i r ala carcel? i.Quieres que \10IIml papa tambien?" ( Tif I) neti;e,Jen. 7) AneJulis: Antes las cosss eren diferentes.

Yose que lu eslas sufriendo, IJ tu sebes que \10tembten. Luis Antonio: bAntes de que? i.Como te slentes? Creo que un poco mejor. AneJulia: Antes de B casarte con Estrelle. (ia InfruslJ, l'May 87) Luis Antonio: Yoteemo. Virginia: Yotembien a t1.( ilJ InfruslJ, I Jan 88) Alfredo: Por supuesto hebl0 frences, No me dlQ8Sque tu temblen. (ia Infrusa, 8 Jan 88) Luchere hasta vencer. (ia Infrusa, Aug. 87) "Yono mevo\! de &quihaste eclerer quien as X" (L, InfruS#, 22 Dee 87) "5i elle se vs, \10tambien" (il/lnfrusl/, 22 June 87) AmelVlms, petches Armando: Notenia con que pagerme. federico: Es cierto, no tenfs con que. (Afrj'~'lJflf, 14OCt.,86) "Andres 10s vio en el Jardin ~rece !lY!basando" ( To' I) ItlJti;e) AneJulia: MI esposo esta en Ie celie, heclendo Dlos saba q~. (i, Infrus" Aug. 1387) Jose Antonio: Hevenido pere hacerte un favor. X:i.Tu a mi un favor? (Lulsana, 1983; Gapping 'With 3- part residue?) Scope Roberto: Tu no ves a ¥olver porque \10110r!. (t1frll,'ef" 29 OCt86; subjunctive makes scope of

February 6,1988 8 February 6, 1988 negation unambiguously ••••ide)

"iCincocomisos sin botones'" (Doniel complolning to mold obout shirts eoch missing one or more buttons; Nflla... Peluu, OCt7 85; context brings out normally disfavored i nterpretatlon)

Constituencll Marcos: l. Eslas ~guro gue asa mujer mato a tu hermano? Armando:SI, !Q estoy.

Noes pecadotomarlo nl virtud dejarlo. (examples from ES) Noes mas pecadotomorlo que tonterlo obondonorlo.

Luis Antonio (on telephone): Solamente fallas tll. (i8Intrusa, 4 feb 88; NBsubject focus with sepuated sfllemnlte; might be evidence for GB-ers' treatment of postverbal subjecta as being In the VP)

H!Jpercornction la eleccion municipa( (l4gud8, 30 Oct. 86; Puerto Rican speaker)

Pllonol09l1 [slnxerl (manufacturer of sewing machines) [rolh roia) 'Rolla-Royce' (Lelntruse, 6 Jon 88) "batir records mundiales" (Ami"ric8s39.4, 2; how is this pronounced?)

MileeHlneoul "Yonunca te habli de matrimonio . .1.0 ai?" "[Tenamos que aceptorloJ, vengo de quien vengo" 'We hove to occept it, no motter .••.ho it comes from' (La Intruse, July 87) Virginia to Manuel: Luis Antonio nos encontr6 alas des juntas. (La Intrus8, 29 OCt87) •

9 FphnlArll F. 1QRR SPANISH "Yono vi ningune certa ni tarjeta que me pruebe que ella fue J1 que lIeWla lJJltarra al Puesto· (examples taken mainly from telenovelllS llnd Spllnish news shows on Chicago TVstations; Includes (Varg!lS llosa, iOuitin m8t08P8Iominotfolero.?, 147; no presupposition that it was a woman who my 1985-9 compilation plus lots of new stuff; the number of spelling and transcription errors in brought the guitar to the police slation)

811rllerthis supplementscompilationsmy hasannualbeencomp1JationsgrBlltly reducedof [mainlythanks English]to help fromexamples.-JamesEIiSllSteinbergD.andMcCawley)Eckly6llytlln; .eement Armllnooto MarCDS:Nt tiJ nl FedericomJ,lIcmvencerma. (Alrm~ 8 Oct 86) Phonologv Leenor: Noqulero que nl ArmllnOOnl Roberto ~ (AlriYele, 17 Mar 87 [sinxer] (mllnufllClurer of sewing mll:;hlnes) Maximo to Dierp. Recuerdll que ni tiJ nl yo Ill.1mlmnJl:l.(o/ugIJndJ6 YlYlr, Mll'(884) [rolh rois] 'Rolls-Royce' (i8lntrllSlJ, 6 Jan 88) "NI Rlceroo, nt siqutere mi papa, m ten llduclWs como erael· (Yarges llosa, itMtfnmllttill "batlr records mundlales· (AmtJriC6S39. 4, 2; pronounced [rekorh mun ...] llCC.to ES) Plllominotfolero?, 123) films (Borges, OiSCllSlfi?, pronounced with [lms» [P lural agreement DbIigatory In allihe preclldlng; with conjoined subject efter the verb there Is Ihe option of lIgI"eementwith just the closest conjunct: No me lIgI"lldlIbaIlIgI"lDIbllnnl ellugllr. nlla morphology hore, nl los concurrentes. (ES). Onthis option, see now Judith Aissen and Jeffrey Runner. "'gleslll chilejill" ( £1Nt.tm7 Dill, June 19 89; otherwise In the Ilrticle. chileno etc.) "Spllnlsh left conjunct lIgI"eement", rlllld at 1989L~ meeltng.] "Dik no a las droges" (signs all over PR; Ie apparently refers to 185 d"fPISl "Dile no lllas droges But: "Ni MIa nl oedie puede separarnos· (Atrtivete, Aug 29 86; pusrJ1 preferred to 1J(JfIdJn) y sill IIIfelicid!xl" (TV public service extobserved by ES; note "sloppy" interpretation of It! Medias deportiva (Dept. store, San Juan PR; conjecture: the Is/'s aren·t pronounced, but the first Su punto debll m las muJeres. (Oi8f18S8II1Zlr, July 28 88) one is written, beclluse mtldi8S is the way thllt noun is usulllly spelled) bongoses 'bongos' (music store, Ponce PR) Lo que importa llhore somos tiJy yo. ( Dos YidJs, 9 June 88) ·bracketing paradoxes- "El Part100 Republlcano germano occidental" ( £1 Nt.tm7 Oi8, June 19 89; llX'id1n181 modifies Vtrglnla, ecompeiied8 par otros lIpos, me descubrJm:m. (lll IntrllSll, 6 Nov 87) understood AlemtJllid! "HubIe Brooks, jardinero derecho de los Expos...• ( £1Nt.tm70i8, June 21 89; artrho modifies Los hombres y las mujeres ~ los mlsmos derechos. (llllntrllSll, 7 July 87; tl8nen also jdrdfn) posstble-ES) compounding •...qulenes no creemos queese delle ser el futuro de Puerto Rlco.lenlremos que unlrnos en un un mlcrohondllS (commercllll, 30 June 88) movimiento parll detener IIIRepiJbltca" (£INutMJOiIl,June 1989;· we who 00 not believe ...·) Derivation ·Aqul, los unicos que se friegan siempre somos los pobres" (Vargas lIosa. iOuitfnm6lollPllIomino BrllVisisimo. ( OillfM SiJIl1Zt1r, I Nov 88) Prohibtdlsimo. ( £sptJrl1fT1e lJf1 el Ci(J~ tfolero?, 179) "el mlsmlsimo Coronel Mindreau" (Vargas L1osa, iOuienmeltJ8PelomillOtfolero?, 181) sombrerero 'hilt-milker' ( -ero + -ero); ES also suggests calderero 'man who make cauldrons' and ... con una prectst6n y mll8Strllllncrelbles. (Marti. Instrtl1fJfJfltosmuslc6/espt'fJQY"tesiIJf1OS58) certererll 'woman who makes purses' "...disperanoo Ie neche sin epuntar, debe UIlOSpesos por el monte y pronto se tropezabe con una "ese hembrlin" (Varg!lS lIosa, c.Ouitinm8t08P8lominotfolero?, 87) pllVitll, unll perdtz 0 un trompetero f1~" (Vargas Llosa. £IHiJlJIIJdJr. 38; one bird M:h time) diminutive "Nohe conoctoo a nellie que dtera de entrada, como ai, ese Impresl6n de persona ten llblerta, sin "un problemit~· ( ill InlrllSlJ, 6 July 87) rep Iiegues, desprendidll de buenos inst intos, nedle que mostrarll une sencillez y un corez6n A: LYde quian es esta boquila? B: Es tuyita. ( ie IntrllSlJ, '0 Nov 87) semejant§en cualquier circumstancla" (VargBS L1osa,£IIa'1IIJdJr, I I; no ibefore 2nd nadi~ ..... tomlltod.i!l!" (ClIrmin,Apr 86) "Nome gusta nadita de eso" (Atrevete, 3 Jan 87) Juan y Pedro son lIDl.ig;ls,Y Pablo y 13erarro.lll son tamblen.

use of morphological forms "La escuela Du Sable as 971 ~" (Ayuda, 5 June 86) oender Ignorlld Estrellll to ROSlI:Eres mllll1ttguo perro fiel. (L6lntrllSll, Feb 88; lII1ld1om:If prro were M.T.: Eres injusto, Jose Antonio. J.A.: No, Merla Terese,la injusta eres til. repleald by perrll, It would be literal and meen 'bitch') Mllrlelll: Estes equlvocOO:l.Armllnoo: LllequtvOCOOlleres tiJ, Mllrtel11.(Alrevels, Jan. 987) "Yono SO'I tnseguro. La insegura eres hi." Diana: Dijoque Mariogyo ~a mortr. (£lextrllfforelornodlOillnlJS6ll1Ztlf'. 30 Nov 88) Armllnoo: Est6s tlln llSUStlldacomo yo, Mllrtelll, i-verd!ld? ( Alrf1vele, 6 Aug 86) "TiJno te lias tan facilmente por vencidA, nl yo tampoco" ( Oi8l18 S8lazar, July 18 88; male "Los reyes de Castilla y el de Portugal.. .• 'The king and queen of castile and the king of Portugal' spBllker ) (film CristtXJ61 (Qldn) Amanda to Esteban: Yotambian estoy ~como hi. (A/revels, 22 5ept 86) los reyes de Castilla y la de Inglaterra 'the ktng and queen of Castile and the queen of Englend' IIIreinll de 'nglaterrll y los de CllSti1111'the queen of England and the king and queen of Spain' ( man to woman) Eres un ser humano, no un munBCQ.( Dos VliBs, 14 June 88) (shows that reyes Is a plural of reil18 as much as of ~

(doctor to Cillribel) Usted es una much8cha sana, y su martoo tambien. (Corallto, 1984) ·La hambrlente y f18C8loba del primer cento de la Divine Comlldlano es un emblema 0 letra de la (mother to Alfonso) Es unll buenll chica, y tu 10 eres tambien. ( 1983) llVaricill" (Borges, OiSCllSim, 139; "unll letrll 0 emblema· also OKllCC.to ES) Rosana: Que buen hijo eres. Rodrigo: MeJor que tu. ( Telcomosomos, 26 May 88; hijo = hija) "Es 111principlll sospechosa" ( OillfM SiJIl1Zt1r, 4 Nov 88; means 'princlplll suspect' , not 'prlnclplll Marcos toArmlll1ltr. [Roberto] estllbll jlJgllllOOIIQUIl fuaral*fuaras til. (AtrM~ 8 Dee 86) female suspect') E1ganedor vfJo{I*va a ser yo. EII)llll8OOrparezco/*parece ser yo. Dillnll:Yotambien creo QueJordanll no es IllllSBSinll.(DiIlfMSiJIl1Zt1r, 4 Nov. 88; no presupposition that the culprit is a woman, and elasesillO Isn't even occeptllble here. Cf.: theEl ganedorsubject,parece/*parezcobut agreement isquewithSO'Itheyo.predicate[Does thisNP?]llNJU8that In "El {JllIllOlr'iD(YO., 81 ~ls Yotllmblen cree que Jordana no as IlIllSBSinllsino que otrll personll debe ser elllSBSino.l

t-A ••• 4 A • , ••\I.""' ••••• "Los unicos culpables son nosotros" (lalntrllS8, Feb 88) "Los que se VlIn, hen vuelto. Estiln llqUi.Son nosotros" (VlIrQ!lSL10000,£1fbblm-, 39) Climbing Accusative II "Note quiero obliger" (Carmln, May 1986) "AIIIunice que no puro reconocer fue IIRCJ:l(Jel"(27 Jen. 66) "Losigo vigilllTlOO"(Cermln, 30 June 66) Leonor: iNome mandlls a callari (Atrt!Yete, 1 Dee 86) "i-Aquien hllYque meter en IIIcirrcel?" (armln. MlIY2066) Mllriele: Yome sa defender. (Atrt!Ye~ 23 Mer 87) "Nose reje ver" 'Oon't let yourself be seen' "iC6mo se 1111mllel hombre que lItropell6 IIIsef\oritll?" ( rtJ 0 Miie, unllT1lbiguously:.., who the llK!y "Teves e podar ceser" ( Estre//it6, Mer 66) ran over) "se volvi6 a burlar re mi" (le/ntrllS8, 18 Jan 88) "Luis Antonio se qulere divorcier" (LIl Intrtr.Jl1, 25 Jan 88) Gabriel to Homar Chavez: iEstes reconocierrlJ que escribiste ellibro con la sola inlenci6n re "Me reje engeiiar" ( Oi8f18 Ss/8?IJr, 18 ~ 88; climbs over understml unspecified subject) sePllrllrnos, e Eve y emf? (Le Verdll1ere Eve. 64) "Ella me ama con locura, Igual que yo a ella" (NB comparative reduction) Roberto: Nunca Ie voy a dejer re querer. (Atrt!Ye!e, 31 Mer 87; Iter8led climbing) "AIe unice que llT1Iees e mi" (Veness!!, MlIrch 2,63) "Note quiero volver IIver, nunce" ( Lf1lntrtr.Jl1, 7 ~ 87) "Los voy a restruir a tlXtls.. (NB separation of quantifier from NP) "Loque tienes que convencer es e Javier" ( t16rtll y.J8vier) ''Veno quiero seguir 12 engeiilll1OO"( OilJf1f1St11er, 3 Nav 68) "Es a Ii que yo quiero" "( Le informaci6n) no pOOreuserse en su contre" (WCIU; 'no ~ polt"e' elso possible) Mariela: No la conrenas como a mi. (Atrt!Yete. 18 Mar 87) "Eso tiene que acabarse" (Atrt!vete, I Jan 87; 'Eso se tlene lJ.I8acab8r' also possible)

Ornar: Ouiero a Mario Villareal muerto. (OieneSa/Il.?'8f', 1 Sept 88) Aspectltense Tetlenll: Slempre 10supe. Ollbrlel: iLo Sllbles? (Lf1 #iirdDn £~ Feb. 13, 65) ".!.Esles jugenoo §1reteclive?" (Oi8l18Sa/Il.?'8f', I4 ~t 88; e elso possible) Reginll. es she regllins her slght:lEstoy vlenttl! contrllCtfon "Certagene no tanD en convertirse en punto re recolecci6n!l!lJ. oro, esmereldlls y parlas "Ap8S!lr reI corto tiempo que estoy conoclenttl e EY!!,..." procedentes reI virreinato re Nueva Gramm. y a menuro l!1!. oro y la plata reI Peru ..... (AmtfriC8S 39.3, 13; ti! fuses with ertlcle of only the first conjunct) Estrelle: Luis Antonio, ime fils un beso? (lt1lntrtr.Jl1, ~ 87; English would requIre "Puerto Rico... habla salioo victorioso rei mal tiempo, la posible turbulencia politica y Jas 'Wl11/would/ ... you...' instelKlof present; Dt1r8s not possIble here as Immediate future) dlficultOOes logislicss" (Amtfrices39.63) "EslBs tenienoo mledJ" (lJos r~ 27 June 88) "Es ioontico §1re Irene" ( OilJfl8 Sa/Mr, I 6 ~t 66) "...hasta hecla poco..." (Varges llosa, £/fbblm', 86; sequence of tense In sanethlng that d! = possessive corresponds to 8 Prep in meny lenguages; ES 81~ notes: hlIst8 hace pml/*mucho) Pierre: Esa nlna no es re Luciano sino mia. (Vanessa. Apr 26,83) "Yome lIevo un lirrlJ recuerOO tuyo" .... e lovely memory of you' pert of speech a pesar tuyo 'In spite of you' Ad! VS. N "HlIYun retreto tuyo y re RllqUel"( = e picture of you and RCJ:l(JeI;rtJ 0 Mfie, 9 Jen.; "two pictures "Yome stento muy emigll tuye" ( lf1/ntrtr.Jl1, Aug 19 87) of you and R" = 00s retralos luyos y re R~J) MY YS. 1Idj. •• possessive In "iPobre Armanoo! lPobre dBtl!" (*Pobre tuyo) or In (ES eXlllTlples)"EI malol "Ese error puere costarte cero/*ceremente" ESlllocura puede costerts muy cera. traloor re mt hermano" (cf. "My traitor of a brother"); ES notes that evaluetlvely positive words ''Ves e Pllgllr muy caro" (Atrt!vete, 2 ~t 66) become ironic In this construction: EI vivo re me hlgo. Lelnteligente re tu mujer rege16 mi lIbro favorito. "Ese tlpo jueg!l sucto· La belleza re silla que compr6 arrulna tode la recorecl6n. "Elle estil metldll completico en este !lSIJnto"(At~ Jan. 29 87) Subjunctive "lSuba rapidito'" (AIrt!Yete, Jan. 9 87) iSUbs rBplool "No importlllll opini6n que tu tenQ!lS" N' as AP clltlcs "Es muy duene re siN (OicWSt1/Mr, July 1966) PP as AP Oios (*10) hizo Hover. (dummy subject of //over ttlesn't surface as a clltic when it becomes "Tu te slentes con sueno" 'You feel tired' object) "...COOsfotografia, slmultaneamente. de la vida y se la qulta a sus objetos" (Americas 40.6. 13; e Diana: La encontre muy extrana, como con mled:l. (f)ilJf1f1S6181'1r, 8 5ept 88) X: Tengoderechos. Y:Tu te sientes 1D1 derechos. svs objetos evirently goes with both conjuncts; ... /esm /f1 vitAL is 81so possible) Virginia to Manuel: Luis Antonio nos encontro a las 00s juntas. (Lelntrtr.Jl1, 29 ~t 87) X: (, Y tu hermana? Marta: Con problemas, como slempre. ( rrJon«lle, Feb. 2'1) Inanimate dative "Oleala !Jlnte que sl uno N de tres vueltas lliI:Ml. se ~ rentro re18/'10· (Amllrtcas 38. 1.13) "Me stentocomo en Italta" (commercial, 25 Dee 86; cf. *1 fee/like Inlmly) ..... poner.m acelte el coche"...... muy e peser re ..." (Atrt!ve~ 13 ~ 86)

4 3 March 14, 1990 March 14, 1990 Charo: ... Tinita enferma, Martela presa, yyo sin trabajo ... (Atrevete, Jen.20 87} .....el diccionllrio bilingUe mils completo y de mgm: IICtU!llidlll... "(cover blurb, Simon & Schuster muy en seguida ( IJos YitiJs, 28 June 88; = en seguidita) Spanish/English dicionery; corr. to E 'most complete lIIldup-to-dete')

PP as object of P "Dwight Goodenlagro ser el tercer j llgIOlr mils Joven en Ie hlstorl8 contempor6nea de las lTaooes "Hi e:spo:sono thme :5eCret~ p!!r!!conmlgo" (AtrmM, 3 Nov 66) lIges que genII '00 pertidos ..: ( £1 ffvndJ, 20 June 69) "Rose, que podria ser marginOOJde por vida 001beisbo1..... ( £1 NLeVOf)ia, June 21 89; P' object of "6llOO3nse convirti6 en el tercer mas joven 18I'lZlDlrde la 8poca moOOrll8actuai en gIIIl8l"100 P) juegos ..... (£1 MmYuf),6, June 21 69)

1Ms16 lIS cross-category modifier "Ni RtC!lrdo, ni slqulerll ml pllp6, son tlll1lll1uclms como Del" (VlIl'1JIlS1I0Sl1,iCtJit!n mIJttJ6 "Hoy hasta I 10bes6)" 'Today she even kissed him' Palominoffolero?, 123; V retained in than-clause, to support non-Identical tense) sin lIS negetion + subordinlltion "Si!Jl sin entenmr" 'I still don't unmrstand' "Le Juro que no he visto a un hombre tan templ8do lil ns1lecomo ele ustad" (Varges L1osa, iCtJitin ""PeUlino un C!Imllr!ldey yo sin saberlo?" ( EsptfrlltTleen el CieliJJ m6tolJPalominoffolero?, 79; 'gepped' thlll1-clllUSe) "Olfateando el papel (como un sabueso la mesa},,: (Varges lIosa, iCtJit!n maltJaPalanino VP lIS N' ffolero?, 85) EI [estar sentOOJtodDel dial es malo para mis hemorroloos" (commercial, 1983) comparative condtttonal "Cullnto mes trillo, menos me IlCUerdo"(£sfrwllif6, Apr 86) Constituency •...la perseguiran dia y noche tratando 00 sacarle ooclarll:iones. Ymientres mas suclas y Hllrcos: I.Estils seguro DUeese mujer m1ll6!l tu hermllno? esCllIldelOS!lS,mils les exp lotllr6n" (Verges 1I0Sl1,iCtJitin m"ttJ a P,,/omino ffolero.?, 164; CC) Armando: 5i ,19. estoy. complements Noes peam tomarlo ni virtud oojarlo. (examples from ES) Sandra to Roberto: Tienes que ecostumbrarte (e) que yo SIP( tu mue. (Afrevefs, Jan. 22 87; cf, Noes mes peC!ldotomllrl0 que tonterill IIbllndonllrl0. *You hove to lICCU5tomyourself (to) thlll IlIIIl your mother. Is the USU!IIdeletion of P excluded here for reasons that GBpeople would subsume unOOr'C8se theory', B.g.that the complement isn't Luis Antonio (on telephone): Solamente fllltas tu. ( L" /ntrlJS8, 4 feb 68; NBsubject focus with 8djll:ent to the V thllt the P lJl8Swith? Is ooletlon of P excluded in ell C!IS8Swhere IIP In IV NP P,) separated sol8lT1ente, might be evioonce for GB-ers' treatment of postverbal subjects as being in has a sentential object?) the VP) "Cuidedocon der Ie entender que estoy llQUl'(Rarl!Jl to MlIUrll, 'Ii 0~ 22 Merch; 'IIentender' for ES; can't be sure there wasn't an a in what I heard) "LSabes 00 que ten!Jl g!!nes?" (f)os YirJJs,4 July 88) 'Cullndo C!ldete,podill S!IC!Irculllquier ton8dllcon olrlll une vez" (Verges 1I0Sl1.iCtJitin m6ttJ6 Palomil1Offolero?, 145) vllrious syntllCtic constructions Absolute "Tu sigues casado legitimamente con Estrelle" (La /nlrlJS8, 16 Dee 87) ..[Tenemos que oceptllrlo) , veng!! de quien veng!!" 'We hove to lI:CePt it, no mlllter who it comes 'Yo si!Jl sienro tu espOSll"( L" /ntrllS6, 25 Jlln 68) from' ( La /ntrlJS8, July 87) ..[H!IYque comportllrse en milner!! nllturlll). h!lY!l0 no h!lY!lpolicill" ( T61ctK1l0 smJos, 5 H!IY88) 'Ten!Jl III nino enfermo' ( L" /ntrllS6, 5 JlIn 68) Cleft Ortiz to Contreres: Ouien se IIImerece reel mente &JYYO.( ff6rtlJ y.JlJvier, feb 21 84) 'S!lntll Berberll, virgen, mertir, crist lane, se supone vlvlo en el Siglo Tercero D,C: (san "Con la unica con que contamos es con la ayuda de Dios" ( Atrevete, 18 Nov 86; could also be 'coo 10 Jeronimo Museum, San Juan PR; finite complement without ~ with extrll:tion) unico ..:, meening 'The only thing we CllIlcount on..: (vs. 'The only help we CllIlcount on..:)-ES) 'Junto con los comunistllS, que se esper!lbll perdleran ocho de SU548 eslentos, ,..• (£1MAm7f)i6, "Con la unica con que puedo cootar es coot1go" ( La /ntrlJS8, 10 Aug 87) June 19 89; NB no qve before perdieram "C!Iz!IIInimllles, lllgo que nunC!lsupe hlcleren las mujeres" (Verges L1osa, £1HtJbI«ir, 109) "Yopuedo tener amistad con quien yo quiera" ( La /nfrlJS8, 7 oct 87) "EI presloonte electo, Menem, no cree pUlllilresolver los confllctos mllitares heredaOOs00 su "Si usted tiene informll:iones 0 necesitll con quien hllblllr ,..." (WCIU, lII1ti-geng message 67) pred!cesor Alfons!n" ( EI NtAmlf);8, June 21 89)

CllIUdill:Me voy IIir muy lejos, 8donde nlldie me encuentre mes (ClIrmln, 20 June 86; NB t1:JnciJ ...... duOOsi regreser' (Verges 1I0Sl1,iCtJien m"ttJ"P"Ia»;no/folero?, 167, 'he wondered whether matches tdlntiJ; ES notes that rontv/tdlntiJ, bajo/8b8jo and /verva/vera are larg!ly to!Jl beck'; si + int) interchllngeeble. though some fixed expressions require one in pllrticull1r: bejo/*!lbejo pen!Ide be-deletion muerte, esta fuera/*afuera 00 sO "Yono te PlllJl. por slnvergijenza y por pecedor" ( £slef8n;a, April 85) "Sa oostruye II5i mismll por estupide" ( L" /nfrl/$8, 26 Mil'( 67; S redl.ml toAP) "De 10que S! estoy seguro es que Diana no esta enamorada 00 tll" (f)i8lJ8S818?8f', July 28 88) Renata: La bote par Inmoral. ( La /nfrlJS8, 21 July 87) "Estoy equi por criminlll, no par tontll' ( £1Pect1dJdJ()yuti, 25 Dee 67) "Noes con sangre como se oofienoon los triunfos" ( £1 Nwvo f)i8, June 19 89; COIlIO in Complementizer choice pseudo-cleft) "Te prohibo que h!lbles esi" ( L" /ntrllS6, Aug. 87) comparetive "Te prohibo que entres en ml case" (f)i8fl8S814M". IS Nov 88) "Has que vivir, vegetabll h!lSta ahora" (ClJrmin, 30 Apr 86) "LComovas e entrer en su case sin que te vee?' (La/n/rtJS8, BJ8n 88) "[Koolald] cuestala mllad gye, las sodas" (commercial, 7 May 87) Perception predicates' "Preflero eceptllr su !lYudeque I!!tUYII"( 1983; pseudo-comparlltive) "YoIIIvea C!Id!IVel pear" 'She keeps looking worse to me' coordination Es que cUBntovamos a peger por esta case? I "se limpien ropas y se plllnchlln" (sign on shop, 1134 Belmont) Es QueQuemlls podriam05 hllber heche?! Es que mnre quisieras vivir en tu sitUlK:i6n?I "Entonces 105declllro merioo y mujer" (~min, MllY 1286) Es que por que tuvo que comporterSll asi?! Doctor: Hay que prepararte tanto risica como psicol6gicamente. (ia/ntrlJS8, 17 FOO88) Es que cOmoiba a perdonar eso?l) "y con esto no me refiero Ilni~ ni principlllmente Illas impropiedlldes verbllles, ..... (Borges, D iscusirJn, 4 1 ) ExlstenUal "Hombres como ustad hllYpocos. (Dit!MSi1/~, 20 oct 88) "Para mas informlK:ion y obtener gratis su guia medica, llame ahora" (WCIU commercial; NP conjoined with infinitive) Extraction from subordinate 5 "se quedaran con la platay libres" (Vargas l1O58, i()uienmaltJaPa/aminol1o/ero?, 179; PP Vanessa: LCon Quien dicen que (0 = Pierre) va a casarse? ( 1983) conjoined with AP) •':'COmocrees Queme pue!b sentir yo? 'How 00you think I feel?' ( 1b18.. P6/lIS8, 5epl 27 85) •... Alfonsoi' Quesabes que ama 0i tu hija, ...• ( 1983) ..... sin pOOerleer ni plX1erescriblr". (ad for IiterlleY program, chennel 44, Dee 30 85) Mercos: ... una muchecha que tu SIlbes muy bien que e es lnocente. (AfrM/6, 28 Fell 67) "y no la he obliged) nl nads" (= .... or anything') ·Quien cree que 0 10persiga?· ( Di8f18 S8/8?l1r, 13 5ept 88) .....sin peligr05 nl violencias" (AmeriCllS, 38.4.27) "Algotienes que haber oioo" (Atrtfvete, 25 Dee 86) "Era un cine sin techo ni si11as, al natural" (Vargas L1058,iOrJitn matoaPa/ominol1o/ero?, 123) "[Estll treducciOn] hizo mas... Queningunaotrll, antes nl respues" (Americas, 38.4.36) Diena: Es que mi madre descubriaallJ) que no se que es e. (OIt!Msal8ztr, 4 Nov 88) "Noson bombones cremosos, rellenos re licor ni esencias y no tienen tampoco sabores artificiales ni preservlltivos quimicos" (Amencm-39.3, 56) . HeglJtton "No, no tenia los ojos bri11antes ni humeoos" (Vargas L1058,ifAJien matoaPa/ominol1o/ero?, '29 "Selia re equi no hece mucho tiempo· (Afrtivete, 2 JtIl 87) ..... sin saber Quedecir nl hacer" (Vargas Llosa, iOrJienmt!tot! Pt!/ominol1o/ero?, 170; CR with n; as the conjunction) "Imaginan Queun libro puecE no pertenecer elas letras· (Borges, OisaJsitYt, 28) ·Anotemos, re paso, que Morris puecE no comunl~ allector 50 Imagen del centllUro ot slqulera "Laue son las muchas re la l1iads re Chapman a Magnien sino diversas perspectivas re un hecho invit8rnos a tener una, ...• (Borges, DiSCtlSftKI, 73) m6vil, sino un lllrlJ) sorteo experimentlll re omislones y re enfasis?" (Borges, DiSCfJSitin, 89; 0 "OrouSSllC,persona inconfundible, Reniln quejoso de 50 glorlaa trasmllllO, no puede no QUlldI!lr. could be used instead of but not in Irllition to the second sino) (Borges, Discusitin, 82) Negative polerlty "Para agradsrla, Kashiri, la luna, Ie enseno Quees la yuca, que el platano". (Vargas L1058, £/ ·Aqui estaremos tranquilos, sin que nedie nos moleste" (1983) lft!bllXiJr, 111; GIlpplng) "No puede ser que nlldlles mils importente que tu fllllll1la· ( OX71/lfo, 5ept 25 64) •... sin Quenedie se entere· ExclllmaUvlI, echo Alfre!b: L( Ustad se vall ir) sin ni siqulera declrme 50 nombre? (la/nfrllS8, 16 Nov 87) "Nosabes 10feliz Queme hlK:es"(Carmin, 12 May 86) •... sin obllgacian recomprar neda· (commercial, 23 Nov 87) "NoSIlbes 10que te extrllno". ( it! /ntrllS8, 3 Feb 88; NB no overt compered lldjective) -Yo!mn.t!!m me errepiento re nads· ( C'lJrmln, MllY16 86) "l,Es que tienes mieoo?· ·l,Mieooyo?" (Cermin, 3 June 86) "Ahora tam poco eso t lene la menor importllllCla" (VlInJllSLlose, i(hi!n mlffd t! PIlft;m 1m1101ero?, 158) RodrilJ) to Frencisco: l,Y tll me llamasterellncuente? LAmi, relincuente? (C'lJrmfn, I July 86) ·No te pongas as'·. ·No me POlllJl~ •. ( CiJrmfn, Apr 1086) Armenoo: iPapa, que fllltll me hllC8S!(Atrtfvete, 16 OCt86) ·Madre Dolores to Herminia: Le prohlbo hacer !Dcomo empleedllli! este c8rce1. (Atrt!Yete, 25 "iPobrecitll mi hijll!· Feb 87) "iPobrecito, y pobre tu papa!" (Atrtivete, 7 Aug 86; cr. *poor your father) ·No estoy en poslcUm re exigir nads· (ia/ntrlJS8, 20 OCt87)

Armanoo: No te pioo, te exijo. FecErico: l.aue? LExigirme, tu ami? ( Atrtivete, '4 OCt86) "No me pregunta absolutamente nad! sobre Miguel ArKrld!· ( Ta/t:m1O!D111JS, 26 Apr 88) cr. He asked me absolutely nothing. He didn't ask me (*absolutely) anything. (Evidence thllt ntXb "LYoen la carcel?" (Atrtivete, 25 Mar 87; NB nominative, unlike English) Is the real negative word and no Its accompaniment, rether then vice versa) sin absolutamente nlldll Desiree: iPrimero muertal (AtrtiYete, 30 Mar 87;" would die first') ·No recueroo absolutamente neda· (La Corona Negre) Negative rlIlslog .....la fiera re tu mujer· ( ia/ntrfJS8, 27 May 87; cf. your wild animal of a wife, *the wild animal Yotampoco creo que Jordana es/sea la aseslna ( sea more normal s:c. to ES, whose exlllllples these of your wife) ere) = Yotam bien creo queJ no es IIIaseslna Relsed m:7,l1kellflYother m:7,requires tl1ff1pmJIn "iEsedesgrlK:leOOreAlfre!b'· (ia/ntrlJS8, 2 July 87) pIece of t8l71blenand reletes unless It preceO!s the tampmJ ( YonocrtlO fampmJtpJJsea. ..) Alfredo: La lOCI!re mi mujer. ( it! /ntrllS8, 13 July 87) PassIn

"X y Yfueron negerlls fianzss· (= were !Entad ball; 10as passive subject) "iEs que cOmopooia perdonar eso'" ( [)os YidJs, 16 June 88; note apparent Interrogative as complement of esque, ES provires Irllitional examples: •...el convento y la iglesla re San Felipe Nerl, m8l1dDle construlr en 1775 ..." ·Este obra Ii! Irla, Es que cuando podre term iner esto! mllT1dlldllahecer en 1679 ..." (Amk1il!5'38.1.13; PlISSlveextrectlngfrom lower V'?)

7 March 14, 1990 8 March 14, 1990 "Sus for ti ficaciones , empezOOasa construir en 1503 ..... (Americas 39.3.13) "Loestli usted lD:TllIlOO"(AtrMte, 1 5ept 86) Structure of NPs "Ell11no es nlrl! mill". ( L" Intrl/SlJ, 25 Jlln 88. 'She isn't llIlYrellllion to me') ArmllnOO:i.Tambien con ell11tenill rellJ:iones JUlI'ICIlrlos? ( A~ 15 oct 66) "Estrell ita es!J..ii§..m.!A"( Estrel!JIa, 17 Mar 88; this restricted to predicate NPs and vocatives) Irene: Mllte por lllmor IItf]. (Oi8l1"SeI8ZIY, 29 Aug 88) "Entiemb perfectllmente tOOl".(Atr~ 16 Ms 67) nom inalizatlon "EI robllrse IIeslI muJer fue unll de eslIS6rdenes, pllrece" (VergllS L1OSll,EI fbbltdY; 108; "El cbogIm de IlllJ:uSllCionest6 metietKil opiniones que nlIlIllttenen que ver con ... " (A~ Apr nominalization) 1387)

Relative clauses and their congeners ·Nunca nlllie he vuelto a vivir en ese luger del riD Timple· (VergIISlIosa, EI H81JIm', 54) "Es perfecto, con el frio que hlJ:e ~ui" (receiving gift of SClIrfin MllZlltllll1;IJrJs YitiJs, I June 86) ·Tan culpable es usted como 10SlJoI yo. (Lalntr1JS8, 23 oct 87) Cermelll to Leonor:... su hiJo, que en Pill descIlnse (Atrtivete, 9 OCt86; cf. *your son, who (mllY) e rest in peace; is this a nonrestrictive relative or a (nonrelative) parenthetical?) Ellipsis Fake I Irene: En estll cludlll que elles no se reeuerdlln, peroyo si, ... (Oi8f18Selamr, 2 ~ 86) I Leonor: Desiree desaparecio y Juan Carlos ~ no llege. (Atrtivete, 17 5ept 86) ·i.Quieres ir ala Clircel? i.Quieres que yo y mi papAl8mblen?· ( TuolltlditJ, J&1l.7) I "iQue CllSUlllidlll!EI que llegey el teletono que suenll." (L" Intrl/SlJ, 26 MlIY87) ·Yose que hi estes sufrienOO, y t6 sabes que yo tamblen" Fierro: ...aoos sin ella, y ahora que la encuentro. (La IntrlJS8, Feb 88) X: i.COmote sientes? Y:Creo que un poco mejor. Free AlfreOO:Por supuesto hllblo frances. Nome digllSque t6 tambler.. ( llJlntrUSlJ, 6 Jan 66) "Los medicos son quilln pueden selvarlo" (La IntrlJS8, 19 MIlY87) AnaJu1ia: i.Aquilln lerefieres? Fidelia: i.AlJ.Iiencrees? (lalntr1JS8, 3 MlII'68) Sluicing .....y yo llburridll, sin con quien jugor" ( L" Intrl/SlJ, 22 June 87) •...hosta el dill que Mllria sufralo que yo. ( R05l1 Se/r6j6, Apr 88) "IQuiero] que se larguen por oonde vinieron" (La IntrlJS8, 25 Jan 88; chec!:) "Si ella se va, yo tambien " ( Lalntr1JS8, 22 June 87) "Notenemos con que comparerlos" (Lll Historill Oficilll, 2380') "Nose lllilnde ir; no ten~ oonde" (Varges Ll0S8, lOllliin maMa Palomino tfo/ero?, 104) Teresa: No10creo. RQ'l8: La verdOOes que ni yo tampoco. (lhs' Yl~ 6 June 66) "La verdlld es que yo tampoco" (VllrgllS110Sll, iOtJitin matrJaPa/aninottoltYO?, 186) "JamBs sonde; no tiene a quien ... Usted tlene a quien sonreir· (Crest commercial, July 88; reduced infinitival free relative) ·Aharll es cuanoo" (VergllS 110Sll, lOtJitin matrJaPa/aninottoltYO?, 60) Armanoo: No lenia con que pagarme. Federico: Es cierto, no tenia con que. (Atrtivete, 14 Oct. 86) "Yonunca te hllble de mlltrimonio. i.O si?" "Quienes me han precedioo en esta labor se han limilaOOa una [cause)· (Borges, Oiscusitin, 11) "Quienes detienden el ooblaje razonaran (tal vez) que les obJeciones que pueden oponersele pueden ·i.AOOndeyes?· ·AOOndeme dIlIll gena. ( Oi8f18Selamr, 20 Oct 68) oponerse, tambien, acualquier otroejemplode trllluccion" (Borges, Oiscusitfn, 150) Virginia: Yono me pueOOir-no pueOO.(Lalntr1JS8, Feb 88; argues for lIIlunderlying structure "Entre los antropol~, hllYquienes Ie reprochan pervertir Illes cultures llborigenes, ...• (VergllS with the clitic In the lower v· for ellipsis to epPly to) L10S8,E/H8b/~, 70) Infinitival Luis Antonio: Yote llIlIO.Virginill: Yotambien a ti. (LalntrUSlJ, I Jan 87) Mariano: Yaconsegui un lugar oonde vivir. (Cermfn, MIlY1986) Mauricio to Sonia: T6 me quieres tanto como yo. (lhs' Yidti; 1 July 88) "No ten~ un sitio oonde ir" (6 Apr 89) "Usted no tiene nll:lapor que disculparse". ( LalntruS8, 4 Feb 88; cf. Youhave no reason (*why) to "Una canci6n puede 0 no gustar" ( lhs' Yl~ 9 June 88) apologize) "... buscan tecniquerles ... que les informer6n si 10escrlto tiene el derecho g,m de 1IlT* les· ..... conseguirme un lugarcilo lklnde vivir· (LalntrlJS8, Feb 1088) (Borges, Oiscusitin, 39) Tienes que encontrarte (a) un hombre con quien caserte. ( IJrJs YitiJs, II July 88) Reduced Jose Antonio: He ventoo para hacerte un favor. X:L T6 &ml un favor? (LuiS6l1fJ, 1963; eapping Hablamos de lll~ [pera mi muy importante1. (Oi8l78Se/8ZIY, 18 OCt88) with 3-pllrt residue?)

Word order ·y necesitll un hombre pera que IIIprotejll· (YI!!5l!f1I6, 1 ~ 69; Is this Equllnto IIfinite S? hard "No Ie prometo nll:lasin antes hablar con el" (Atrtivete, June 86; cf without firsl/*beforehand to verify, since a non-zero subject 01 is possible in some Ss, thoojl marginal here: tlllking with him) ??Necesita un hombre para que iiI IIIprotejll. Necesita a su hermano para que et la proleja (examples from [6» "Yomaollna vrJo(ala oticinll" (Antonio in Ttiofl~ie, 15 Jan.; tomtYrow couldn't occupy that position in English) •... desde muy niila ..." (Atrtivete, June 86) "Ustedes pllrll ml son muy importantes" ( Atrtivete, 13 OCt66) Leonor: Armanoo y Marcos hlln sioo 11mi~ desde ninos. (At~16, 16 ~ 66)

Armando: Yoconti~ pueOOhablllr. (Atrevete, Aug 25, 86) "naphora "Yocon quien queria hablar era contigo" (Atrevete, Aug 26 66) Leonor: Ten~ ~y supo~ que tu!§1 tlenes l8mbien. (AtrtivtJte,Apr 20 67; ct. n...I "Yo106nico que se es que te estes volvienoo loca" ( La IntruS8, 7 MlIY87) suppose you have them too; .... Isuppose you 00 too' isOK, since sloppy 1000tily Is OK). "Yo10unico que pueOOsenlir por Ii es IBstima" ( La Intruse, 4 Feb 88) A: i.Que reloci6n hay entre ese seilor y yo? B: Todavl&ntnguna. Para to aseguro que 1&h8br6. "Ello que necesitll es dinero" ( L" Intrl/SlJ, 26 MIlY87) "Entre Estrenll y yo no hllYnlrl!, Y no JQ hllbr6 nunce" ( LalntrUSlJ, "Jan 88) - i-

"Usted no tiene la culpa de nOOa.Nooiel§ tiene" ( La IntrlJS8, Feb 988) "Estils hllblanltJ dormickl" (Atreve~ 21 Oct 86) "Yoqueria verte sana, como tu siempre.!Q fuiste" ( La IntrlJS8,23 Dec 87) BlIrbllrll to Desiree: Me gustll mils Jose peril h~ PlJrejllcontllP. (At~ 2 Dee 86) . "Un dia de estos vrJo{ a estar ahi" ( E/ Nuevo Die, June 21 89 translation of remarks by Dwight Oocren; English: one of these dllys, "one dlIyof these) "Entonces SrJo{tod!!01005" ( arm/no 29 Moy 86ll11d :3 June) Backwards "Llenll teotros en tod!!AmeriCll y IllSmujeres sa enloquecen cu!llldJ 91 se contorsionll sensulllmente "AdvertencilllE cirujeno generlll: Fumer durente el embllrllZOpuede ClIUSllr... Y redJctr el ~ del en el escenario, peroJose Luis Rocfriguezi tiene objetivos que van mucha mils allalE su exito ..... recien naciltJ" (English original is .....and low birth weiljlt ..) (AmeriC!lS 38.3.60) "Politicos no.!QrJoyen,si Usted no vota" (sign in CTAbuses; violates some versions of anaphora "Drak.e muriolE desenteria y fue enterrlDJ en les l!!I!M.lE PlIll8lT1s"(EI Morro, 5en Juen PR) constrllint) Reflexive "Tuvo un occilEnte en la carretera y se mat6.. ( Oi8f18 StJIIlZtr, 25 Nov 88) "C8sarse sin llmor es fllttarse el respeto IIsl mismo" ( L6 IntrllS6, 28 Nov 87) Spanish pronoun'" English gap Prepositions with .strir, examples from ES andJ. Marti (juci;lements in that order when two are .....et oeropuerto de Sucre ... es fllmoso entre los pilotos par ser dificillE eterrizer en el... .. given) (Americas 38.1.8) Sofiaba con Maria. Sofiaba en consaguir el premio. "Sucre sigue sienro unll ciud1rl peril Cllminllr par ellll" (AmeriC!lS 38.1.10) OK/?Sofillbll con unlllllVlldorll. Soiillbllque consegulrill el premlo. "Alii esta el pavo parallenar.!Q" (Atrevete, 5 Jan 87) Sofiaba con ganar el premio Miscellmteous OK/" Sofillbllcon un unicornio. (nonreferentilll interpretetlon) .....con tu ayuda 0 sin ella" (carmin, Apr 3086) *10K Sofiaba en un unicornio. Soiiaba acerca lE un unicornlo que... LEn que suefillS? LConqulen suei'ills? Control "LEn Quien suefies? *LCon ~sueiies. "CuentllS los pollosi antes lE 9i n~" (Atrivete, June 86) i..AcerClllEque sofillste? (fa: ???) Sobre que solillbes? (EO: ???) OK/"i.Acerce lE Quien sofiesle?( fa: * ) *I??LSobre ~Ien soiiabes. (EO: *) "Parece que hll llegadJ una mujer que diee ser la viuda lE Antonio" ( Tti0~e. Equi with d!cir) .. i.. ... esl6s sofianltJ con unll nuevlllllfombrll?" (WCIU commercilll, FOO88; cleer ly nonreferentllll object) ..... el 3 lE Septiembre que no se trllblljllllllUllr. LlIbar Doy" (commercilll far Villjes Plllenche, 84) "Sofie con IIICllSll. sane con IIICllSllde mlllbuell1. (ES) Cuanooyo era nifio, sofiaba fanlesmes. (RlcarltJ M, FOO88) "Antes que Clligesen UnlllE estllS situllCiones, llamanos peril oyudarte" (Ill in NYC; nosutros Freezes appears to be the intended unlErstoocf subject of 8}'1.dtr) ..... lE pies a cabe2a" ( La IntrlJS8, 17 July 87) terlE 0 lemprllnO. Ana Julia: Antes les COS8Seran diferentes. Idioms Luis Antonio: i.Antes lE que? "SI tu supierllS IIIfllltll que me heces" ( L61ntrllS6, Aug. B7) Ana Julia: Antes lE 9 casarte con Estrella. (La IntrlJS8, 1 May 87) "Tu no sabes la falta que me haces" (La IntrllS6, Oct 1387)

''Luchare hesta veneer'" ( La IntrlJS8,Aug. 87) Mindreau: Tampocoquiero hacerle perder~, Tenlente. "Yono me vrJo{ lE llQUihllStllllCtllrllr quien es X" ( L6 /ntrllS6, 22 Dee 87) SilVll: Nome.!Qhece usted perder. (Verges LlOSll,lCtJitfn m6IrJ6P6lm1inotfolt!ro?, 163-'1) with tener Amalgams, patches, syntactic metonymy X:i..Ouetienes, Enrique? Y:Mled! loQUe tieneses mieoo. "Andres los vio en el jardin parece QUebeS8nro" ( TtionaiitlJ "Tienes la conciencia sueia. ( Oi8f18 StJlazar, 3 Nov 88; 'You have a guilty concieoee') VlIlence AnllJulill:"HabriamosMid!saparecilbesposo esta enquienIIIClIlle,sabe ~"hllCienro(VargasDios SllbeLlose,que.EI(L6lntrllS6,Heb/lXiJr, Aug.52) 13 87) .....di la raz6n 0 l§calles par siempre" (carmln, Moy 1286) "se ClI1l6,peril PllSllrse par IIIbOC!!unll mllnOrWid!l como un metllmOSC!lS"(Verges LlOSll,iOuien Cermelll: Nome puse nlld!l... Si, me puse. (At~ 17 Mer 87) mattiaPalomino/1olero?, 161) Wr Itten tlJllgUllgll Scope antirr.umanos (SJ newspaper, 19 June 89) Roberto: Tu no VllSIIvolver parque yo lllq. (Atrivete, 29 Oct 86; subjunctive melees scope of negation unambiguously wilE) Hypercorrection and other screwups "IllelecciOn municiJmt" (Ayr..a" 30 Oct. 86; Puerto Ricen speel:.er) Daniel: iCinco camisas sin botones! (complaining to maid about shirts each missing one ar more Colon: Les lierres que pretienOO lEscubrir son 1Jenes lE oro. (Film CNst0b81 Q7161) buttons; fIoI8... PelllS6,Oct 7 85; context brings out narmlllly disfllVored Interpretetion) 2011 W. C!.IllePershing. (commercilll, chllnne126) "Prevencion esM alredeOOr lE la esquina" (CTA00, Spanish version of "Prevention is just around lexicon the corner"; wrong sense of "eround") "Agustln Lara cump1io 50 aiios lE muerte" (24 Hores, Nov 8 85; iFelicitaciones, Agustin, y Ie ·SI 10 ech!ID.fuera, eche.!Qala careel" (NYCsubway poster; English original is "If they throw you deseo 50 BOOsmils!) out, throw them in jaiJ")

.....y VISAy MASTERCHAROEson blenvenlOOs" (commercial, 28 OCt86; Is this a calque?)

11 Mltrch 14, 1990 12 Mltrch 14, t 990