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Christian Art, Architecture and Music Christian Art, Architecture and Music LEARNING STRAND: HUMAN EXPERIENCE RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PROGRAMME FOR CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND 12G TEACHER GUIDE THE LOGO The logo is an attempt to express Faith as an inward and outward journey. This faith journey takes us into our own hearts, into the heart of the world and into the heart of Christ who is God’s love revealed. In Christ, God transforms our lives. We can respond to his love for us by reaching out and loving one another. The circle represents our world. White, the colour of light, represents God. Red is for the suffering of Christ. Red also represents the Holy Spirit. Yellow represents the risen Christ. The direction of the lines is inwards except for the cross, which stretches outwards. Our lives are embedded in and dependent upon our environment (green and blue) and our cultures (patterns and textures). Mary, the Mother of Jesus Christ, is represented by the blue and white pattern. The blue also represents the Pacific… Annette Hanrahan RSCJ Cover photograph: Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, Christchurch / Diocese of Christchurch UNDERSTANDING FAITH YEAR 12 This book is the Teacher Guide to the following topic in the UNDERSTANDING FAITH series 12G CHRISTIAN ART, ARCHITECTURE AND MUSIC TEACHER GUIDE © Copyright 2007 by National Centre for Religious Studies No part of this document may be reproduced in any way, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, without prior permission of the publishers. Imprimatur: † Colin D Campbell DD Bishop of Dunedin Conference Deputy for Religious Studies October 2007 Authorised by the New Zealand Catholic Bishops’ Conference Published by: National Centre for Religious Studies Catholic Centre P O Box 1937 Wellington New Zealand Printed by: Printlink 33-43 Jackson Street, Petone Private Bag, 39996 Wellington Mail Centre Lower Hutt 5045 Māori terms are italicised in the text. The first time a Māori term occurs its English meaning appears in brackets after it. A Māori glossary at the back of the book gives a more detailed explanation of these terms and provides a guide for their pronunciation. CONTENTS Introduction to the topic ........................................................................................ 3 Part One: Christianity and the Arts ................................................................ 27 Task One .......................................................................................... 32 Task Two .......................................................................................... 33 Task Three ........................................................................................ 34 Task Four .......................................................................................... 34 Part Two: The Early Church ............................................................................ 36 Task Five .......................................................................................... 42 Task Six ............................................................................................ 43 Task Seven ................................................................................................. 46 Part Three: The Church Goes Public ................................................................ 48 Task Eight ......................................................................................... 51 Task Nine .......................................................................................... 52 Task Ten ........................................................................................... 55 Part Four: Byzantine Art, Architecture and Music .......................................... 58 Task Eleven ...................................................................................... 69 Task Twelve ...................................................................................... 70 Part Five: Barbarians and Reformers ............................................................. 71 Task Thirteen .................................................................................... 83 Part Six: Gothic Art and Architecture ........................................................... 90 Task Fourteen ...................................................................................117 Task Fifteen ......................................................................................118 Part Seven: The Renaissance ............................................................................121 Task Sixteen .....................................................................................133 Task Seventeen ................................................................................134 Part Eight: Reformations ...................................................................................136 Task Eighteen ...................................................................................143 Task Nineteen ...................................................................................144 1 Part Nine: Nineteenth Century Revivals .........................................................147 Task Twenty ......................................................................................151 Task Twenty-One ..............................................................................152 Part Ten: Christian Art and Architecture in Aotearoa New Zealand – The First Century ............................................................................153 Task Twenty-Two ..............................................................................168 Task Twenty-Three ...........................................................................169 Part Eleven: After the Second Vatican Council ................................................170 Task Twenty-Four ...........................................................................185 Floor Plans: ........................................................................................................ 186 Glossary of General Terms ..................................................................................202 Glossary of Māori Terms ......................................................................................212 Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................216 A number of resources in this Teacher Guide are available electronically from the FaithCentral website: www.faithcentral.net.nz 2 TOPIC 12G: CHRISTIAN ART, ARCHITECTURE AND MUSIC LEARNING STRAND: HUMAN EXPERIENCE INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC This book contains teacher material and resources for classroom use – including OHT originals and supplementary articles, as well as activities and tasks that can be photocopied – for Topic 12G Christian Art, Architecture and Music which forms the Human Experience Strand of the Understanding Faith programme at year twelve. The study of topics in the Human Experience Strand is intended to increase students’ awareness that it is essential for faith to be rooted in human experience and not to be seen as something that exists apart from their lives. The material in this guide should be read alongside the following: • The Religious Education Curriculum Statement for Catholic Secondary Schools in Aotearoa New Zealand • The student resource book for Topic 12G Christian Art, Architecture and Music • The supplementary material and activities on the FaithCentral website: www.faithcentral.net.nz Topic 12G: Christian Art, Architecture and Music deals with expressions of Christian faith and practice throughout the centuries through art, architecture and music. It sets out to encourage an appreciation of the contribution of Christianity to the arts by exploring the relationship, in different times and cultures, between developments in theology and worship and developments in artistic expression. This topic does not attempt to cover every aspect of Christian art, architecture and music through the ages. Rather, it offers insights into the theology and spirituality of the Church and Christian believers from early times through to the years following the Second Vatican Council. The topic begins by introducing the theological insight that underpins the perspective that is developed in the material that follows. The idea that God is the greatest of artists, who hands on to human artists something of his own creativity: We are God's work of art, created in Christ Jesus to live the good life. (Ephesians 2:10) 3 As John Paul II puts it: With loving regard, the divine Artist passes on to human artists a spark of his own surpassing wisdom, calling them to share in his creative power. all men and women are entrusted with the task of crafting their own life: in a certain sense, they are to make of it a work of art, a masterpiece. (John Paul II – Letter to Artists, 1 and 2) In this introductory section the Christian understanding of the artistic vocation is explored as are some of the recurring key themes of Christian art, architecture and music throughout the ages. An overview of the major stages of Christian history is provided. The beginnings of Christian art are evident in the symbols of faith, left by early Christians, on the walls of the catacombs — underground cemeteries in Rome where, tradition tells us, Christians met secretly because of persecution. As the persecutions declined, the images in the catacombs became more scriptural. Their purpose was to encourage, to teach and to assist Christians in their faith, as well as to remind them
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