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Curculigo Orchioides Gaertn) and Its Cultivation and Propagation-An Endangered Medicinal Plant

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Curculigo Orchioides Gaertn) and Its Cultivation and Propagation-An Endangered Medicinal Plant INTERNATIONAL AYURVEDIC MEDICAL JOURNAL Review Article ISSN: 2320 5091 Impact Factor: 5.344 A REVIEW ON KRISHNA MUSALI (CURCULIGO ORCHIOIDES GAERTN) AND ITS CULTIVATION AND PROPAGATION-AN ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANT Mahadevi Bhangi1, I. B. Kotturshetty2, Prakash Meti3 1Assistant Professor, Dept. of Dravyaguna, Shri J.G.C.H.S AMC, Ghataprabha, Karnataka, India 2Principal & Professor, Dept. of Panchakarma, RGES AMC, Ron, Karnataka, India 3Associate Professor & PhD Scholar, RGES AMC, Ron, Karnataka, India Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Since immemorial time, the plants drugs have been in use for treatment of disease. But due to over exploitation, destructive mode of collection, and other biotic and abiotic factors several medicinal plants are facing genetic ero- sion and are under the threat of extinction. Krishna Musali (CurculigoorchioidesGaertn) is an endangered medic- inal plant and as such required to be conserved and domesticated. Krishna Musali has been widely described in the Ayurvedic classical texts. It plays significant role in the treatment of different diseases It is extensively used in Rasayana, Vajikarana (rejuvenation), as nutritive tonic. Many pronounced biological activities such as anti can- cerous, anti-hepatictoxic and immune modulator activities have been reported from the Krishna Musali plant. The plants can be cultivated by rhizomes and plants are naturally propagated through seeds and underground bulbils. The seeds of Curculigo Ochioides were cultured on MS basal medium. Explants produced a single shoot and well-established roots. Multiple shoots were obtained by culturing the explants on a medium containing cytokine. Either of BAP, Zeatin, IAA, a kinetic produced 5 to 15 shoots per explant without any root formation. Roots were readily induced by transferring the multiple shoots to a medium free of cytokinin. The present paper highlights medicinal values, chemical constituents, and biological activities along with cultivation strategies of the species in India. Keywords: Krishna Musali, endangered, cultivation. INTRODUCTION The drug Krishna Musali is obtained from the bitter karmas& also Sthairya (stability) &Mardhavakar mucilaginous part from the tuberous roots of Curculi- (softness). goorchioides Gaertn, it is one of the important drugs History: Krishna Musali has been widely described in of choice for Vajikarana and Rasayan therapy in the Ayurvedic classical texts. It plays significant role Ayurveda and reputed for its various medicinal prop- in the treatment of different diseases. The references erties. The drug Krishna Musali (Curculigo orhioides) regarding Krishna Musali are available in Samhita is Vata, Pittahara having Guru, Snigdha, Picchila period and Nighantu period etc. Gunas; Madhur, Tikta Rasas; Madhur Vipak;Ushna Virya and does Brumhana(nourishment), Rasayana Mahadevi Bhangi et al: A Review On Krishna Musali (Curculigo Orchioides Gaertn) And Its Cultivation And Propagation-An Endangered Medicinal Plant Samhita Period: - • Kaiyadeva Nighantu8: Krishna Musali has been 1. Charaka Samhita –In Charaka Samhita references mentioned in Oushadivarga, & it is guru, madhur regarding Krishna Musali is available in Chikitsa and tiktarasatmaka, Usnhaveerya. And is also told Sthana, in Kasa Chikitsa, Dhoomapana yoga1. to be rasayana, vrushya and Brumhan. 2. Sushruta Samhita – In Sushruta Samhita, Krishna • Bhavaprakasha Nighantu9: Krishna musali is Musali is mentioned in Sutra Sthana and Chikitsa mentioned in Guduchadivarga. The properties of Sthana, while describing KsharaPaka in Sushruta Su- Krishnamusali are mentioned in detail. It is told tra Sthana 11th chapter, Krishna Musali is mentioned that Krishna Musali is guru, madhura,tikta rasat- in 15thshloka, as one of the ingredient in Prativapa maka, ushna veerya, does rasayana and brum- Ksharavidhi.2 In Sushruta ChikitsaSthana 18/5, in the hana karma etc. chikista of vatajaGranti, as Pralepa yoga. In • Shaligrama Nighantu10: Here a detailed descrip- Sushruta Uttaratantra Talapatrya has been mentioned tion regarding the properties and actions of Krish- in Karna Palirogachikitsa, as one of the in ingredient na Musali are available. The rasa is Madhur; vi- in Taila Yoga. rya is sheeta. It is Vrushya, vatapittahara. 3. Astanga Hrudaya –In Astanga Hrudaya, Krishna • Nighantu Adarsha11: It has been explained under Musali has been explained in Sutra Sthana, Chikitsa Musalikandadi varga. Sthana and Uttara Sthana. In Astanga Hrudaya Sutra • Priya Nighantu12: It is explained under Shata- Sthana 30/22, in the context of Kshara –Agni karma pushpadi varga. Vidhi Adhyaya. In chikitsa sthana the drug Krishna Nomenclature of Curculigo Orchioides Gaertn13 Musali explained in Shvayathuchikitsa, mainly in ▪ Kingdom -Plantae Ekangashopha. In Uttara Sthana 18/45, Krishna Mu- ▪ Division -Spermatophyte sali is mentioned in the context of Karna Roga Prat- ▪ Subdivision -Angiospermae 3 ishedha Adhyaya, in Taila Yoga .Vagbhata for the ▪ Class -Monocotyledon first time introduced the term Musali in the context of ▪ Order-Asparagales Vyanga Chikita as lepa ingredient in Uttara Sthana, ▪ Family -Hypoxidaceae 32/21. ▪ Genus -Curculigo Nighantu Period ▪ Species-Orchioides Gaertn 4 • Madhava Dravyaguna : It is explained in vivi- ▪ Scientific name -Curculigo Orchioides Gaertn doushadi varga. Gana And Varga • Hrudayadeepika Nighantu5: Krishna Musali is Different Acharyas have mentioned the Krishna Mu- mentioned in vatagnaVarga. sali in different Gana or Varga as follows. Kakolyadi • Madanapala Nighantu6: In this Nighantu it has Gana, Vividhoushadhivarga, Abhayadivarga, been explained in Abhayadivarga and told to be Moolakadivarga, Musalikandadi, Guduchyad, Rasayana and Brumhan. It is also tikta, madhura, Oshadadi, Shatapushpadivarga, Vataghnavarga guru, ushna veerya, vrushya, Etc. Synonyms (Paryaya)14,15 • Raja Nighantu7: It has explained in Moolakadi Taalamuli, Mushali, Suvaha, Krushnamusali, Tala- varga. Different synonyms of Krishna Musali, patri, Khalani, Kharjoori, Bhootali, Godhaadi, like musali, talamuli, hemapushapi etc. are high- Hemapushpi, Deerghakandika, Taalamuli are some of lighted. It is madhura, sheeta, picchila; pit- the synonyms that are there for Musali. tashamaka. IAMJ: Volume 8, Issue 2, February - 2020 (www.iamj.in) Page 2825 Mahadevi Bhangi et al: A Review On Krishna Musali (Curculigo Orchioides Gaertn) And Its Cultivation And Propagation-An Endangered Medicinal Plant Table 1: Showing Gunas Of Krishnamusali According to Different Authors 16,17 S.No Rasapanchaka M.N R.N K.N Bp.N N.A P.N 1 RASA Madhura + + + + + + Tikta + _ + + + + 2 Guru + _ + + + __ GUNA Snigdha + _ _ _ + _ Picchila + + _ + _ Sheeta _ + _ _ + _ 3 VEERYA Sheeta _ + _ _ _ _ Ushna + _ + + + + 4 VIPAK Madhur + + + + + + M.N – Madanapala Nighantu, R.N – Raja Nighantu, K.N – Kaiyadeva Nighantu Bp.N – Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, N.A – Nighantu Adarsha, P.N – Priya Nighantu Karmas (Actions): Vrushya, Rasayana, Brumhana, • Roots are used as demulcent, alterative, and tonic Shukrala, Pushtikara, Balya, Agnivardhaka, Sthairya- during convalescence after acute illness, in the karaka, dose of 1 to 2 ounces of the root in warm milk and Prayoga (Therapeuticuses): Kasa, Unmatha, sugar. Swayathu, Granthi, Gudajanyavata, Arsha, • The powdered rhizome is put into cuts is said to VyangaMootraghata, Leucorrhoea stop bleeding and dry up the wounds (Carter) Prayojyaanga (Useful part): Moola kanda Morphology 20 Matra (Dose): Root powder-3-6gms, Juice-10-20ml Habitat: It is found in sub-tropical Himalayas from Classical Uses of Krishna Musali: 18 Kumaun, Manipur, Bihar, Konkan and Nilgiri hills. • Kashaya of Krishna Musali should be used in Occurring wild in sandy situations of hot regions of Mutakruchra. India and Ceylon. • Used as Rasayana- satavari, mundi, hastikarna- General Characters of Species Curculigo Orchioies palaasha and taalamooli- all are taken in equal Gaerten: parts, mixed with ghrita (ghee) and Madhu (Hon- Root stock: stout, short or elongate with copious ey) and taken. fleshy root fibers. • Regular use of Krishna Musalichoorna mixed Leaves: Sessile or petiolate 15-45 by 1.3 to 2.5 cms, with Ghrita as act as Vrushya (aphrodisiac) linear or linear-lanceolate, membranous, plicate, gla- Folk Uses: 19 brous or sparsely soft hairs, the tips sometimes root- • Bulbs of kali Musali used in scorpion bites, roots ing and reaching the ground, base sheathing. are prescribed usually combined with bitters and Flowers: Bright yellow, distichous, the lower lowest aromatics in the form of electuary, the dose being in the raceme -2 sexual, the upper male; Bracts lan- one teaspoon twice a day. ceolate, membranous. Perianth-segments 13 to 17 • In gonorrhea, menorrhagia, leucorrhea, and men- cms, long, elliptic, oblong, hairy on the back, testipes strual derangements the Kala Musali is given with very slender, 1.3 to 2.5 cms long. Ovary lanceolate, warm milk and sugar in dose of drachms. the cells 6-8 ovulate stigma 3 cleft. • In Piles, Asthma, Jaundice, Diarrhea and colic, the Fruit: Capsule 13 cms long, hypogaeous, 1-4 seeded tubers are administered with sugar and one glass with a slender break, septa spongy of milk in the form of thick mucilage. (Unani) Seed: Oblong, testa deeply grooved in wavy lines, black, shining. IAMJ: Volume 8, Issue 2, February - 2020 (www.iamj.in) Page 2826 Mahadevi Bhangi et al: A Review On Krishna Musali (Curculigo Orchioides Gaertn) And Its Cultivation And Propagation-An Endangered Medicinal Plant Actions and Uses grains having 2 to 4 components and a few acicular The rootstocks
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