DOCSLIB.ORG

Effects of Televised Alcohol Advertisements on the Drinking Behaviour of Youth: a Case Study of Praktiseer Community in Greater Tubatse Municipality

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effects of Televised Alcohol Advertisements on the Drinking Behaviour of Youth: a Case Study of Praktiseer Community in Greater Tubatse Municipality EFFECTS OF TELEVISED ALCOHOL ADVERTISEMENTS ON THE DRINKING BEHAVIOUR OF YOUTH: A CASE STUDY OF PRAKTISEER COMMUNITY IN GREATER TUBATSE MUNICIPALITY by MAWETHU GLEMAR MAPULANE Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN MEDIA STUDIES in the SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES AND COMMUNICATION STUDIES FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO SUPERVISOR: DR M.A KUPA APRIL 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The assistance of the following people is gratefully acknowledged: My supervisor, Dr M.A. Kupa, for his guidance, time and support through this journey. His patience and encouragement are also highly appreciated. My mother, Mrs P.E. Mapulane, for her continuous support, words of encouragement and everlasting love. My daughter, Kgonthe Mapulane, for her understanding. Valry Mapulane and Innocentia Mapulane (sisters) and Darlington Mapulane (brother), for their moral support. Rev. V.D. Mabuza (Media Studies), for his untiring support as my academic mentor. Prof J. Singh (ULWASA), for her time, patience and support as my ULWASA mentor. Mr K.J. Mamabolo, Mr M.M Hlungwani, Mr R.S. Malatji, Ms M.C. Mashile, Mr M.P. Moroane, Ms M.M. Ngobeni, Mr T.C. Selala and Ms K. Phala, friends, whose encouragement is appreciated. Mr L. Seabi, the Subject Librarian (University of Limpopo), for his help in providing and locating study materials from the library. Mr P.A. Shilabje, (Manosi Secondary School), for his time and willingness to proof read my work. Mr M.V. Netshidzivhani, Statistician (University of Limpopo) for his assistance and guidance in data analysis. Mr M. Mohlake, for his time to edit my work. i DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to: God Almighty My late grandmother, Linah Mapulane and my late father, Lesiba Godfrey ‘Tau’ Mapulane. My mother, Pusheletso Emily ‘Milly’ Mapulane. ii DECLARATION I declare that “Effects of Televised Alcohol Advertisements on the Drinking Behaviour of the Youth at Praktiseer Community in Greater Tubatse Municipality” hereby submitted to the University of Limpopo, for the degree of Master of Arts in Media Studies has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other university; that it is my work in design and in execution, and that all material contained herein has been duly acknowledged. ______________________ ______________ Ms MG Mapulane Date iii ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of televised alcohol advertisements on the drinking behaviour of youth in Praktiseer community of the Greater Tubatse Municipality. The nature and trends of alcohol consumption in South Africa are examined. The study also focuses on the impact of alcohol exposure, and the costs alcohol abuse can incur on the individual and society at large. The types of advertising models and the regulatory systems in advertising were identified. Data were collected through a self- administered questionnaire. The study hypothesised that the exposure to alcohol advertisements influences alcohol abuse among the youth. However, alcohol industry claims that the youth is not its niche market and hence should not be blamed for any abusive behaviour of alcohol by the youth. Just like the few studies interested in the effects of alcohol advertising, alcohol exposure and alcohol abuse, the present study also reveals that televised alcohol advertisements have a great influence in alcohol consumption among the youth in Praktiseer community. iv ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS AIDA: Attention- Interest- Desire- Action. ARA: Industry Association for Responsible Alcohol Use ASA: Advertising Standards Authority AUDs: Alcohol Use Disorders AUDIT: Alcohol Use Identification Test BACs: Blood Alcohol Concentrations CAGE questionnaire: Cut-Annoyed- Guilty- Eye Opener. CAMY: Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth CSIR: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research DAGMAR: Defining- Advertising- Goals- for Measured- Results DALYs: Disability Adjusted Life Years FAO: Food and Agriculture Organisation MRC: Medical Research Council NCADA: National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse NIAAA: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIMSS: National Injury Mortality Surveillance System OIG: Office of Inspector General RBT: Random Breath Testing SABC: South African Broadcasting Cooperation SABSSM: South African National HIV, Incidence, Behaviour and Communications SACENDU: South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use SADHS: South African Demographic and Health Survey SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Science WHO: World Health Organisation v LIST OF CHARTS, GRAPHS AND TABLES Table 1 102 Table 2 102 Table 3 105 Table 4 111 Age 111 Ethnicity 112 Education 112 Table 5 113 B6 114 B7 115 Table 6 116 B82 117 B83 118 Table 7 118 B85 119 Table 8 120 C15 121 C16 122 C171 123 C172 124 C173 125 Table 9 126 B111 127 B112 127 B113 128 B114 128 Table 10 129 B116 130 B117 131 B118 132 B119 133 B1110 133 Table 11 134 B12 135 C18 136 C19 137 B9 138 B10 139 B13 140 B14 141 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Pages ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i DEDICATION ii DECLARATION iii ABSTRACT iv ABREVIATIONS v LIST OF CHARTS, GRAPHS AND TABLES vi CHAPTER ONE: PROBLEM IN PERSPECTIVE 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Background of the Study 4 1.3 Research Problem 10 1.4 Hypothesis 13 1.5 Aim and Objectives 13 1.5.1 Aim 14 1.5.2 Objectives 14 1.6 Definition of Terms 14 1.7 Scope of the Study 16 1.8 Significance of the Study 16 1.9 Demarcation of Chapters 18 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW IN CONNECTION WITH TELEVISION ALCOHOL ADVERTISEMENTS 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 A Brief History of Alcohol Consumption in South Africa 24 2.3 The Alcohol Consumption in Different Countries 26 2.4 Alcohol Drinking Patterns in South Africa 29 2.4.1 Drinking pattern among high school learners 31 2.4.2 Drinking patter among University students 33 2.4.3 Alcohol consumption and women 34 2.4.4 Alcohol consumption and risks of HIV infection in South Africa 35 2.5 The History of Advertising 37 2.5.1 The genesis of advertising 37 2.5.2 Periods of depression 38 2.5.3 The emergence of modern advertising 38 2.5.4 Consumer culture 39 2.6 The History of Advertising in South Africa 40 2.7 Difference between Advertising, Publicity and Marketing 41 2.8 Alcohol Exposure 43 2.8.1 The Causal link between alcohol exposure and alcohol use 42 2.8.2 Positive views of alcohol exposure and intentions to drink 44 2.8.3 Alcohol promotion influences pro-drinking attitudes 45 2.8.4 Alcohol exposure and multiple drinking outcomes 48 2.8.5 Alcohol expectancies 49 2.8.6 Elements of alcohol advertisements and alcohol use 50 2.9 Alcohol-Related Expenditures 54 vii 2.9.1 Alcohol advertising expenditures 55 2.9.2 Alcohol-related costs 56 2.9.3 Social and medical impacts of alcohol 57 2.10 Alcohol advertising regulation in South Africa 61 2.10.1 State regulation versus self-regulation 62 2.10.2 Alcohol policy measures 63 2.11 Models of Advertising 72 2.11.1 Categories of advertising purpose 73 2.11.2 Development of hierarchy effects models 75 2.12 Types of Hierarchy of Effects Models 75 2.12.1 AIDA model 75 2.12.2 DAGMAR model 77 2.13 Theoretical framework 78 2.13.1 Social Learning theory 79 2.13.2 Modelling theory 80 2.17 Conclusion 93 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 94 3.2 Research Design 96 3.2.1 Participants 96 3.2.1.1 Questionnaires 96 3.2.1.2 Pilot study 99 3.2.1.3 Procedure 99 3.3 Data Collection 99 3.3.1 Questionnaire 100 3.4 Sampling 101 3.4.1 Description of population 101 3.5 Sampling method 103 3.5.1 Sample size 104 3.6 Validity and Reliability of the Study 106 3.6.1 Validity 107 3.6.2 Reliability 108 3.7 Confidentiality 108 3.8 Conclusion 109 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 4.1 Introduction 110 4.2 Section A: Background Information 110 4.2.1 Respondent’s gender 111 4.2.2 Respondent’s age 112 4.2.3 Respondent’s ethnicity 112 4.2.4 Respondent’s highest educational level 113 4.2.5 Respondent’s area of residing 113 4.3 Section B: Alcohol Advertisements Effects on the Behaviour of Youth 113 4.3.1 Television programmes respondent liked the most 113 4.3.2 Respondent saw alcohol advertisements while watching television 114 4.3.3 Features that respondent remembered in alcohol advertisements 115 4.3.3.1 People in the advertisements were attractive 115 4.3.3.2 Male and female actors were attracted to each other 116 viii 4.3.3.3 People in the advertisements were masculine and strong 117 4.3.3.4 Advertisements were funny 118 4.3.3.5 Advertisements portrayed drinking good for socialising 119 4.3.4 Respondent’s favourite alcohol advertisements 120 4.3.5 Alcohol beverages respondent once drank 121 4.3.6 The frequency of alcohol advertised per week 122 4.3.6.1 Beer advertisements per week 122 4.3.6.2 Cider advertisements per week 123 4.3.6.3 Spirits advertisements per week 124 4.3.6.4 Wine advertisements per week 125 4.3.7 Respondent’s behaviour when drunk 126 4.3.7.1 Respect 126 4.3.7.2 Fight 127 4.3.7.3 Speed 128 4.3.7.4 Health Harm 128 4.3.7.5 Happy 129 4.3.7.6 Lazy 129 4.3.7.7 Lead to commit crime 130 4.3.7.8 Smoke 131 4.3.7.9 Feel relaxed 132 4.3.7.10 Adventurous 133 4.3.7.11 Stress free 133 4.3.8 Circumstances respondent is likely to drink alcohol 134 4.3.9 Respondent’s drinking habit 135 4.3.10 Respondent’s preferred place of drinking 136 4.4 Section C: Preferences of Alcohol Advertisements on Television 137 4.4.1 Respondent’s likelihood of purchasing advertised alcohol 137 4.4.2 Respondent relating to characters in advertisements 138 4.4.3 Portrayal of alcohol use in advertisements 139 4.4.4 What appeals to respondent in advertisements? 140 4.4.5 Respondent’s description of television alcohol advertisements 141 4.5 Conclusion 142 CHAPTER FIVE: FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION 5.1 Introduction 143 5.1.1 Limitations of the Study 145 5.2 Findings 146 5.3 Recommendations 149 5.4 Conclusion 150 REFERENCES 151 ADDENDUM A: TURFLOOP RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE ADDENDUM B: QUESTIONNAIRE ix CHAPTER ONE PROBLEM IN PERSPECTIVE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Alcohol drinking has become an important part in the social lives of most young people.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018 Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018 ISBN 978-92-4-156563-9
    GLOBAL STATUS REPORT ON ALCOHOL AND HEALTH REPORT GLOBAL STATUS Global status report on alcohol and health 2018 Global status report on alcohol and health 2018 Global status report on alcohol and health 2018 ISBN 978-92-4-156563-9 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC- SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specic organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris.
    [Show full text]
  • Alcohol Research Current Reviews VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2 2013
    Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol, which was passed in Chronic Diseases and May 2010. Of growing concern are noncommunicable chronic diseases and conditions that have been shown to Conditions Related to contribute substantially to the alcohol-attributable burden of disease (Rehm et al. 2009). Specifically, in 2004 an estimated 35 million deaths and 603 million disability-adjusted life- Alcohol Use years (DALYs) lost were caused by chronic diseases and con- ditions globally (WHO 2008); alcohol was responsible for 3.4 percent of the deaths and 2.4 percent of DALYs caused by these conditions (Parry et al. 2011). To address the burden kevin D. Shield, M.H.Sc.; Charles Parry, Ph.D.; and of chronic diseases and conditions, the United Nation (UN) General Assembly passed Resolution 64/265 in May of Jürgen Rehm, Ph.D. 2010, calling for their prevention and control (UN 2010). This resolution is intended to garner multisectoral commitment alcohol consumption is a risk factor for many chronic diseases and facilitate action on a global scale to address the fact that and conditions. the average volume of alcohol consumed, alcohol (together with tobacco, lack of exercise, and diet) consumption patterns, and quality of the alcoholic beverages plays a significant role in chronic diseases and conditions. It consumed likely have a causal impact on the mortality and is noteworthy that cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and diabetes morbidity related to chronic diseases and conditions. twenty- in particular have been highlighted for targeted action (UN five chronic disease and condition codes in the international 2010) because alcohol is a risk factor for many cardiovascular Classification of Disease (iCD)-10 are entirely attributable to diseases and cancers and has both beneficial and detrimental alcohol, and alcohol plays a component-risk role in certain effects on diabetes and ischemic cardiovascular diseases,1 cancers, other tumors, neuropsychiatric conditions, and depending on the amount of alcohol consumed and the numerous cardiovascular and digestive diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Beverage Alcohol Consumption & Harm Reduction Trends
    Non-beverage Alcohol Consumption & Harm Reduction Trends A Report for the Thunder Bay Drug Strategy Prepared by Kim Ongaro HBSW Placement Lakehead University June 15, 2017 Non-beverage Alcohol Consumption & Harm Reduction Trends What is non-beverage alcohol? Non-beverage alcohol can go by many names in the literature. Broadly, it is understood to be liquids containing a form of alcohol that is not intended for human consumption (e.g., mouthwash, hand sanitizer, etc.) that are consumed instead of beverage alcohol for the purposes of intoxication or a “high” (Crabtree, Latham, Bird, & Buxton, 2016; Egbert, Reed, Powell, Liskow, & Liese, 1985). Within the literature, there are different definitions for non- beverage alcohols, including surrogate alcohol, illicit alcohol and unrecorded alcohol. Unrecorded alcohol, as defined by the World Health Organization, is untaxed alcohol outside of government regulation including legal or illegal homemade alcohol, alcohol that is smuggled from an outside country (and therefore is not tracked by its sale within the country of consumption), and alcohol of the “surrogate” nature (World Health Organization Indicator and Measurement Registry, 2011). Surrogate alcohol is alcohol that is not meant for human consumption, and is generally apparent as high concentrations of ethanol in mouthwash, hand sanitizers, and other household products (Lachenmeier, Rehm, & Gmel, 2007; World Health Organization Indicator and Measurement Registry, 2011). Surrogate alcohols also include substances containing methanol, isopropyl alcohol, and ethylene glycol (Lachenmeier et al., 2007). Nonbeverage alcohol and surrogate alcohol can be used interchangeably, but Lachenmeier et al., (2007), goes even further to include alcohol that is homemade in their definition of surrogate alcohol, as they stated that this alcohol is sometimes created using some form of non-beverage alcohol.
    [Show full text]
  • August 2020 Frontline Supervisor
    FRONTLINE S SUPERVISOR A U G U S T • 2 0 2 0 T H E U R G E N C Y O F P E R F O R M A N C E R E V I E W S Q. Many supervisors don’t appreciate the value of performance reviews in developing workers. Many view the process as a chore, which leads to its being postponed or delayed. What can help supervisors feel excited or feel more urgency about completing them? A. All employees have unique gifts and skills waiting to be discovered. Much of this is a lifelong process of discovery, and supervisors are in a unique position to spot these abilities and encourage and develop them. Reviews offer these opportunities, and employees are cheated without an effective relationship with the supervisor that helps discover their true potential. Many employees will not spot how much they have learned, be able to articulate their skills, or grow in confidence without feedback. The payoff for the company is having employees who desire to take more initiative, along with increased willingness to take risks, including bringing forth their own great ideas to solve problems. In addition, review time invariably brings up the topic of roadblocks, and often these are A C O M P A N Y personal. The EAP/MAP can then be a resource for problem resolution. N E W S L E T T E R A P P R O P R I A T E A D V I C E I N T H I S I S S U E Q.
    [Show full text]
  • The Need for Alcohol Policy in the Caribbean
    The need for alcohol policy in the Caribbean J. Rehm Social and Epidemiological Research (SER) Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto (UofT), Canada Dept. of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, UofT, Canada PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health & Addiction Epidemiological Research Unit, Technische Universität Dresden, Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie, Dresden, Germany Harmful use of alcohol is prevalent around the globe (2014) Alcohol kills one person every 10 seconds worldwide: WHO Geneva (AFP) – Alcohol kills 3.3 million people worldwide each year, more than AIDS, tuberculosis and violence combined, the World Health Organization said Monday, warning that booze consumption was on the rise. Including drunk driving, alcohol- induced violence and abuse, and a multitude of diseases and disorders, alcohol causes one in 20 deaths globally every year, the UN health agency said. This actually translates into one death every 10 seconds. Currently used model for alcohol comparative risk assessment Population group Societal Factors (individual) Gender Drinking culture Alcohol consumption Age Alcohol Policy Volume Patterns Quality Poverty Marginalization Drinking environment Incidence Incidence chronic acute conditions conditions including AUDs Health care Health outcomes system Mortality by cause CARIBBEAN DRINKING: IN LINE WITH THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS? Alcohol consumption in the Americas for 2012 Chile Grenada Peru Canada Argentina United States
    [Show full text]
  • Alcohol Related Harm: Implications for Public Health and Policy in India
    ALCOHOL RELATED HARM Implications for Public Health and Policy in India ALCOHOL RELATED HARM: Implications for public health and policy in India Gururaj G Pratima Murthy Girish N Rao Vivek Benegal Professor and Head Professor of Psychiatry Associate Professor Additional Professor Department of Chief, Centre for Department of of Psychiatry Epidemiology Addiction Medicine Epidemiology Centre for Addiction Medicine NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH & NEURO SCIENCES (DEEMED UNIVERSITY) BANGALORE - 560 029 Title: Alcohol related harm: Implications for public health and policy in India Copyright: National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore. ISBN No: 81-86428-00-X NIMHANS publication No: 73 Year of publication: 2011 Suggested citation: Gururaj G, Pratima Murthy, Girish N & Benegal V. Alcohol related harm: Implications for public health and policy in India, Publication No. 73, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India 2011. Key words: Alcohol; mortality; morbidity; psychosocial impact; economic impact; alcohol policies; programs; alcohol control; interventions. Address for correspondence: Dr. Gururaj G Dr. Pratima Murthy Professor and Head Professor of Psychiatry Department of Epidemiology Chief, Centre for Addiction Medicine WHO Collaborating Centre for OR NIMHANS, Bangalore - 560 029 Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Email: [email protected] NIMHANS, Bangalore - 560 029 [email protected] Email: [email protected] [email protected] Cover page designed by: Vivek Benegal The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors alone. This report is published with financial support from grants to the Centre for Addiction Medicine, NIMHANS ( Regional Resource Centre for South India ) CONTENTS Pg. No. Acknowledgements Foreword - 1 i Foreword - 2 iii Preface v Executive Summary vii 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Surrogate Alcohol: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?
    Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research Vol. 31, No. 10 October 2007 Surrogate Alcohol: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go? Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Ju¨rgen Rehm, and Gerhard Gmel Background: Consumption of surrogate alcohols (i.e., nonbeverage alcohols and illegally pro- duced alcohols) was shown to impact on different causes of death, not only poisoning or liver dis- ease, and appears to be a major public health problem in Russia and elsewhere. Methods: A computer-assisted literature review on chemical composition and health conse- quences of ‘‘surrogate alcohol’’ was conducted and more than 70 references were identified. A wider definition of the term ‘‘surrogate alcohol’’ was derived, including both nonbeverage alcohols and illegally produced alcohols that contain nonbeverage alcohols. Results: Surrogate alcohol may contain substances that cause severe health consequences including death. Known toxic constituents include lead, which may lead to chronic toxicity, and methanol, which leads to acute poisoning. On the other hand, the role of higher alcohols (e.g., propanol, isobutanol, and isoamyl alcohol) in the etiology of surrogate-associated diseases is cur- rently unclear. Whether other constituents of surrogates have contributed to the high all-cause mortality over and above the effect of ethanol in recent studies also remains unclear. Conclusions: Given the high public health importance associated with the consumption of sur- rogate alcohols, further knowledge on its chemical composition is required as well as research on its links to various disease endpoints should be undertaken with priority. Some interventions to reduce the harm resulting from surrogate alcohol could be undertaken already at this point.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol
    alcohol alcohol The harmful use of alcohol is the third leading risk factor for premature deaths and disabilities in the world. It is estimated that 2.5 million people worldwide died of alcohol- related causes in 2004, including 320 000 young people between 15 and 29 years of age. EXIT THE MAZE OF Global strategy to HARMFUL SUBSTANCE USE FOR BETTER GLOBAL HEALTH reduce the harmful use of alcohol Contact ISBN 978 92 4 159993 1 Management of Substance Abuse Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse 20, Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Tel: + 41 22 791 21 11 Email: [email protected] www.who.int/substance_abuse Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. 1.Alcohol drinking - adverse eff ects. 2.Social control - methods. 3.Alcoholism - prevention and control. 4.Public policy. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 159993 1 (NLM classifi cation: WM 274) © World Health Organization 2010 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • ALCOHOL POLICY SCORING Assessing the Level of Implementation of the WHO Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol in the Region of the Americas
    ALCOHOL POLICY SCORING Assessing the level of implementation of the WHO Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol in the Region of the Americas. ALCOHOL POLICY SCORING Assessing the level of implementation of the WHO Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol in the Region of the Americas. Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Washington, D.C. 2018 Also published in Spanish Calificación de las políticas en materia de alcohol. Evaluación del nivel de ejecución de la Estrategia Mundial de la OMS para reducir el uso nocivo del alcohol en la Región de las Américas ISBN: 978-92-75-32045-7 Alcohol Policy Scoring: Assessing the level of implementation of the WHO Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol in the Region of the Americas ISBN: 978-92-75-12045-3 © Pan American Health Organization 2018 All rights reserved. Publications of the Pan American Health Organization are available on the PAHO websitewww.paho.org ( ). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate PAHO Publications should be addressed to the Communications Department through the PAHO website (www.paho.org/permissions). Suggested citation: Pan American Health Organization. Alcohol Policy Scoring: Assessing the level of implementation of the WHO Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol in the Region of the Americas. Washington, D.C.: PAHO; 2018. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data: CIP data are available at http://iris.paho.org. Publications of the Pan American Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Pan American Health Organization concerning the status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Drinking Alcohol Surrogates Among Clients of an Alcohol-Misuser Treatment Clinic in Novosibirsk, Russia
    Substance Use & Misuse, 44:1821–1832 Copyright © 2009 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. ISSN: 1082-6084 (print); 1532-2491 (online) DOI: 10.3109/10826080802490717 Original Article Drinking Alcohol Surrogates Among Clients of an Alcohol-Misuser Treatment Clinic in Novosibirsk, Russia NATALIA BOBROVA,1 ROBERT WEST,1 DARYA MALUTINA,2 EVGENIA KOSHKINA,3 RAVIL TERKULOV,4 AND MARTIN BOBAK1 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK 2National Research Center on Addictions, Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia 3State Regional Narcological Dispensary, Novosibirsk, Russia 4Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia For personal use only. A pilot study was conducted in the Russian city Novosibirsk during 2006–2007 with 40 participants sampled from clients admitted to health services for drinking-related problems to explore surrogates for alcoholic beverage drinking using semistructured interviews. Types of surrogates consumed and reasons for their consumption were inves- tigated. Results revealed that the most prevalent reported surrogate used was industrial spirit. The main reasons for drinking surrogates were the high affordability and physical availability of surrogates combined with the need to relieve severe withdrawal symp- toms. The study limitations are described, and suggestions for future research are made. Keywords alcohol; surrogate alcohol; drinking patterns; Russia; hazardous drinking Subst Use Misuse Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by University College London Introduction The mortality crisis in Russia during the period of political, economic, and social transition has been repeatedly linked with high levels of alcohol intake. According to the World Health Organization, alcohol-based beverages was a prime risk factor for disability-adjusted life years lost in 2002 in Russia (The World Health Report, 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • 16X24 Prelims English Public Distribution
    Co-funded by the European Union Meeting report Editorial meeting of the EC/WHO report on Alcohol and Technical Consultation on the European Information System on Alcohol and Health 8–9 October 2018 Moscow, Russian Federation 1 Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office website (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2019 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapporti ISTISAN 12/13 ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ Sistema
    ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ Sistema informativo nazionale per la sorveglianza delle esposizioni pericolose e delle intossicazioni: casi rilevati nel 2008 Terzo rapporto annuale Laura Settimi (a), Franca Davanzo (b), Elisabetta Urbani (a), Felice Giordano (c), Luciana Cossa (d), Giovanni Milanesi (b) (a) Centro Nazionale di Epidemiologia, Sorveglianza e Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma (b) Centro Antiveleni, Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, Milano (c) Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università Sapienza di Roma (d) Dipartimento di Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma ISSN 1123-3117 Rapporti ISTISAN 12/13 Istituto Superiore di Sanità Sistema informativo nazionale per la sorveglianza delle esposizioni pericolose e delle intossicazioni: casi rilevati nel 2008. Terzo rapporto annuale. Laura Settimi, Franca Davanzo, Elisabetta Urbani, Felice Giordano, Luciana Cossa, Giovanni Milanesi 2012, 67 p. Rapporti ISTISAN 12/13 Nel 2008, il Sistema Informativo Nazionale per la Sorveglianza delle Esposizioni Pericolose e delle Intossicazioni (SIN-SEPI) ha rilevato 47.278 casi di esposizione umana. Per circa il 44% dei casi l’età è risultata inferiore ai 6 anni e per l’insieme della casistica il genere è risultato equamente distribuito. La maggior parte delle esposizioni (90%) si è verificata in ambiente domestico, circa il 77% dei casi è risultato esposto in modo accidentale, principalmente per accesso incontrollato (43%), errore terapeutico (8%) e travaso da contenitore originale (5%), mentre circa il 19% dei casi è stata vittima di esposizione intenzionale, principalmente per tentato suicidio (16%). Per il 39% dei casi è stato rilevato almeno un effetto clinico associabile all’esposizione, mentre per circa il 65% è stato prescritto almeno un intervento terapeutico.
    [Show full text]