China's Maritime Silk Road Initiative
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CHINA’S MARITIME SILK ROAD INITIATIVE: IMPLI- CATIONS FOR THE GLOBAL MARITIME SUPPLY CHAIN (116–37) HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON COAST GUARD AND MARITIME TRANSPORTATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 17, 2019 Printed for the use of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure ( Available online at: https://www.govinfo.gov/committee/house-transportation?path=/ browsecommittee/chamber/house/committee/transportation U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 41–367 PDF WASHINGTON : 2020 VerDate Aug 31 2005 17:49 Sep 22, 2020 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 P:\HEARINGS\116\CGMT\10-17-~1\TRANSC~1\41367.TXT JEAN TRANSPC154 with DISTILLER COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE PETER A. DEFAZIO, Oregon, Chair ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, SAM GRAVES, Missouri District of Columbia DON YOUNG, Alaska EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas ERIC A. ‘‘RICK’’ CRAWFORD, Arkansas RICK LARSEN, Washington BOB GIBBS, Ohio GRACE F. NAPOLITANO, California DANIEL WEBSTER, Florida DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky STEVE COHEN, Tennessee MARK MEADOWS, North Carolina ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey SCOTT PERRY, Pennsylvania JOHN GARAMENDI, California RODNEY DAVIS, Illinois HENRY C. ‘‘HANK’’ JOHNSON, JR., Georgia ROB WOODALL, Georgia ANDRE´ CARSON, Indiana JOHN KATKO, New York DINA TITUS, Nevada BRIAN BABIN, Texas SEAN PATRICK MALONEY, New York GARRET GRAVES, Louisiana JARED HUFFMAN, California DAVID ROUZER, North Carolina JULIA BROWNLEY, California MIKE BOST, Illinois FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida RANDY K. WEBER, SR., Texas DONALD M. PAYNE, JR., New Jersey DOUG LAMALFA, California ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California BRUCE WESTERMAN, Arkansas MARK DESAULNIER, California LLOYD SMUCKER, Pennsylvania STACEY E. PLASKETT, Virgin Islands PAUL MITCHELL, Michigan STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts BRIAN J. MAST, Florida SALUD O. CARBAJAL, California, Vice Chair MIKE GALLAGHER, Wisconsin ANTHONY G. BROWN, Maryland GARY J. PALMER, Alabama ADRIANO ESPAILLAT, New York BRIAN K. FITZPATRICK, Pennsylvania TOM MALINOWSKI, New Jersey JENNIFFER GONZA´ LEZ-COLO´ N, GREG STANTON, Arizona Puerto Rico DEBBIE MUCARSEL-POWELL, Florida TROY BALDERSON, Ohio LIZZIE FLETCHER, Texas ROSS SPANO, Florida COLIN Z. ALLRED, Texas PETE STAUBER, Minnesota SHARICE DAVIDS, Kansas CAROL D. MILLER, West Virginia ABBY FINKENAUER, Iowa GREG PENCE, Indiana JESU´ S G. ‘‘CHUY’’ GARCI´A, Illinois ANTONIO DELGADO, New York CHRIS PAPPAS, New Hampshire ANGIE CRAIG, Minnesota HARLEY ROUDA, California VACANCY SUBCOMMITTEE ON COAST GUARD AND MARITIME TRANSPORTATION SEAN PATRICK MALONEY, New York, Chair RICK LARSEN, Washington BOB GIBBS, Ohio STACEY E. PLASKETT, Virgin Islands DON YOUNG, Alaska JOHN GARAMENDI, California RANDY K. WEBER, SR., Texas ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California BRIAN J. MAST, Florida ANTHONY G. BROWN, Maryland MIKE GALLAGHER, Wisconsin CHRIS PAPPAS, New Hampshire, Vice Chair CAROL D. MILLER, West Virginia VACANCY SAM GRAVES, Missouri (Ex Officio) PETER A. DEFAZIO, Oregon (Ex Officio) (ii) VerDate Aug 31 2005 17:49 Sep 22, 2020 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5905 Sfmt 5905 P:\HEARINGS\116\CGMT\10-17-~1\TRANSC~1\41367.TXT JEAN TRANSPC154 with DISTILLER CONTENTS Page Summary of Subject Matter .................................................................................... v STATEMENTS OF MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney, a Representative in Congress from the State of New York, and Chairman, Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 1 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 3 Hon. Bob Gibbs, a Representative in Congress from the State of Ohio, and Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transpor- tation: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 4 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 5 Hon. Peter A. DeFazio, a Representative in Congress from the State of Or- egon, and Chairman, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure: Opening statement ........................................................................................... 6 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 7 Hon. Sam Graves, a Representative in Congress from the State of Missouri, and Ranking Member, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, prepared statement .............................................................................................. 73 WITNESSES PANEL 1 Chad Sbragia, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for China, Office of the Secretary of Defense: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 9 Joint prepared statement of Mr. Sbragia and Lieutenant General Tuck .... 12 Lieutenant General Giovanni K. Tuck, Director for Logistics, J4, Joint Chiefs of Staff: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 11 Joint prepared statement of Lieutenant General Tuck and Mr. Sbragia .... 12 Carolyn Bartholomew, Chairwoman, United States-China Economic and Secu- rity Review Commission: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 17 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 19 PANEL 2 Jonathan E. Hillman, Director, Reconnecting Asia Project, Center for Stra- tegic and International Studies: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 42 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 43 Jeffrey D. Becker, Ph.D., Research Program Director, Indo-Pacific Security Affairs, CNA: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 47 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 49 Kathleen A. Walsh, Associate Professor of National Security Affairs, U.S. Naval War College: Oral statement .................................................................................................. 58 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 60 (iii) VerDate Aug 31 2005 17:49 Sep 22, 2020 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5905 Sfmt 5905 P:\HEARINGS\116\CGMT\10-17-~1\TRANSC~1\41367.TXT JEAN TRANSPC154 with DISTILLER iv Page SUBMISSIONS FOR THE RECORD Letter of October 17, 2019, from Scott N. Paul, President, Alliance for Amer- ican Manufacturing, Submitted for the Record by Hon. Sean Patrick Malo- ney ......................................................................................................................... 73 Joint Statement of Kathryn Waldron, Fellow, National Security and Cyberse- curity, R Street Institute and Kristen Nyman, Government Affairs Spe- cialist, National Security and Cybersecurity, R Street Institute, Submitted for the Record by Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney .................................................. 76 Statement of the United Steelworkers, Submitted for the Record by Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney .......................................................................................... 78 APPENDIX Questions from Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney to Chad Sbragia, Deputy Assist- ant Secretary of Defense for China, Office of the Secretary of Defense .......... 81 Questions from Hon. Rick Larsen to Chad Sbragia, Deputy Assistant Sec- retary of Defense for China, Office of the Secretary of Defense ...................... 81 Questions from Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney to Lieutenant General Giovanni K. Tuck, Director for Logistics, J4, Joint Chiefs of Staff .................................. 82 Questions from Hon. Rick Larsen to Lieutenant General Giovanni K. Tuck, Director for Logistics, J4, Joint Chiefs of Staff ................................................. 83 Questions from Hon. Anthony G. Brown to Lieutenant General Giovanni K. Tuck, Director for Logistics, J4, Joint Chiefs of Staff .................................. 84 Questions from Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney to Carolyn Bartholomew, Chair- woman, United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission .... 84 Questions from Hon. Rick Larsen to Carolyn Bartholomew, Chairwoman, United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission .................. 85 Questions from Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney to Jonathan E. Hillman, Director, Reconnecting Asia Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies ... 89 Questions from Hon. Rick Larsen to Jonathan E. Hillman, Director, Recon- necting Asia Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies ............. 89 Questions from Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney to Jeffrey D. Becker, Ph.D., Research Program Director, Indo-Pacific Security Affairs, CNA ..................... 90 Questions from Hon. Rick Larsen to Jeffrey D. Becker, Ph.D., Research Pro- gram Director, Indo-Pacific Security Affairs, CNA ........................................... 91 Questions from Hon. Sean Patrick Maloney to Kathleen A. Walsh, Associate Professor of National Security Affairs, U.S. Naval War