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January 2018 MANIFESTATIONS of ISLAMOPHO
DIALOGUE & OUTREACH Department OIC Islamophobia Observatory Monthly Bulletin – January 2018 MANIFESTATIONS OF ISLAMOPHOBIA: A. In the United States and Canada: US: Minnesota Republicans under fire for saying Muslims are infiltrating the party— Two Minnesota Republican state lawmakers and a local GOP official were facing scrutiny after they reportedly shared a Facebook post accusing Muslims of preparing to “infiltrate” the party’s caucuses this month. State Reps. Kathy Lohmer and Cindy Pugh, shared the post created by Dave Sina, chairman of the Fourth Congressional District GOP. In the post, Sina said a friend of his had attended a caucus training session held at a mosque by the Muslim American Society. MAS was a nonpartisan organization that promoted civic engagement among American Muslims with local chapters across the US. Sina claimed that Muslims were trying to “infiltrate our republican caucuses on Feb. 6” and that “they didn’t talk about the general election but I am sure they are ahead of us in that as well.” The local party chair played to a sense of hysteria that American Muslims were, and would always be, foreigners who want political influence only to harm the country. See: The Huffington Post News’ entry, in: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/minnesota-republicans-muslims- caucuses_us_5a7217b9e4b05253b2752e90, retrieved on 3.1.2018 US: Steve Bannon steps down from Breitbart News— Stephen Bannon had stepped down as executive chairman of Breitbart News, the company announced in an online post and a source close to Bannon confirmed. The former White House chief strategist faced mounting pressure to resign from Breitbart after he was quoted disparaging President Donald Trump and his family in a new book “Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House” by Michael Wolff. -
Far-Right Anthology
COUNTERINGDEFENDING EUROPE: “GLOBAL BRITAIN” ANDTHE THEFAR FUTURE RIGHT: OFAN EUROPEAN ANTHOLOGY GEOPOLITICSEDITED BY DR RAKIB EHSAN AND DR PAUL STOTT BY JAMES ROGERS DEMOCRACY | FREEDOM | HUMAN RIGHTS ReportApril No 2020. 2018/1 Published in 2020 by The Henry Jackson Society The Henry Jackson Society Millbank Tower 21-24 Millbank London SW1P 4QP Registered charity no. 1140489 Tel: +44 (0)20 7340 4520 www.henryjacksonsociety.org © The Henry Jackson Society, 2020. All rights reserved. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and are not necessarily indicative of those of The Henry Jackson Society or its Trustees. Title: “COUNTERING THE FAR RIGHT: AN ANTHOLOGY” Edited by Dr Rakib Ehsan and Dr Paul Stott Front Cover: Edinburgh, Scotland, 23rd March 2019. Demonstration by the Scottish Defence League (SDL), with supporters of National Front and white pride, and a counter demonstration by Unite Against Facism demonstrators, outside the Scottish Parliament, in Edinburgh. The Scottish Defence League claim their protest was against the sexual abuse of minors, but the opposition claim the rally masks the SDL’s racist beliefs. Credit: Jeremy Sutton-Hibbert/Alamy Live News. COUNTERINGDEFENDING EUROPE: “GLOBAL BRITAIN” ANDTHE THEFAR FUTURE RIGHT: OFAN EUROPEAN ANTHOLOGY GEOPOLITICSEDITED BY DR RAKIB EHSAN AND DR PAUL STOTT BY JAMES ROGERS DEMOCRACY | FREEDOM | HUMAN RIGHTS ReportApril No 2020. 2018/1 Countering the Far Right: An Anthology About the Editors Dr Paul Stott joined the Henry Jackson Society’s Centre on Radicalisation and Terrorism as a Research Fellow in January 2019. An experienced academic, he received an MSc in Terrorism Studies (Distinction) from the University of East London in 2007, and his PhD in 2015 from the University of East Anglia for the research “British Jihadism: The Detail and the Denial”. -
MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School
MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Bridget Christine Gelms Candidate for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy ______________________________________ Dr. Jason Palmeri, Director ______________________________________ Dr. Tim Lockridge, Reader ______________________________________ Dr. Michele Simmons, Reader ______________________________________ Dr. Lisa Weems, Graduate School Representative ABSTRACT VOLATILE VISIBILITY: THE EFFECTS OF ONLINE HARASSMENT ON FEMINIST CIRCULATION AND PUBLIC DISCOURSE by Bridget C. Gelms As our digital environments—in their inhabitants, communities, and cultures—have evolved, harassment, unfortunately, has become the status quo on the internet (Duggan, 2014 & 2017; Jane, 2014b). Harassment is an issue that disproportionately affects women, particularly women of color (Citron, 2014; Mantilla, 2015), LGBTQIA+ women (Herring et al., 2002; Warzel, 2016), and women who engage in social justice, civil rights, and feminist discourses (Cole, 2015; Davies, 2015; Jane, 2014a). Whitney Phillips (2015) notes that it’s politically significant to pay attention to issues of online harassment because this kind of invective calls “attention to dominant cultural mores” (p. 7). Keeping our finger on the pulse of such attitudes is imperative to understand who is excluded from digital publics and how these exclusions perpetuate racism and sexism to “preserve the internet as a space free of politics and thus free of challenge to white masculine heterosexual hegemony” (Higgin, 2013, n.p.). While rhetoric and writing as a field has a long history of examining myriad exclusionary practices that occur in public discourses, we still have much work to do in understanding how online harassment, particularly that which is gendered, manifests in digital publics and to what rhetorical effect. -
BAB IV Kesimpulan 4.1 Kesimpulan Berdasarkan Hasil Analisis Secara
BAB IV Kesimpulan 4.1 Kesimpulan Berdasarkan hasil analisis secara mendalam terhadap tindakan Donald Trump yang merespon aksi anti-Muslim melalui Twitter yang dilakukan oleh Jayda Fransen yang merupakan seorang wakil pemimpin partai sayap kanan Britain First, secara tidak langsung hal tersebut berdampak terhadap peningkatan Islamophobia di AS, di mana peningkatan Islamophobia tersebut termasuk ke dalam peningkatan pada klaster pertama, klaster kedua, klaster ketiga, klaster keempat, dan klaster kelima. Peningkatan dalam Islamophobia tersebut diukur dengan melihat dari jenis klaster yang dicetuskan oleh S. Sayyid: Klaster pertama, di mana ada manifestasi Islamophobia melalui serangan terhadap orang-orang Muslim yang mencakup melakukan pelecehan, mendorong, meneriaki, dan menarik jilbab dari wanita Muslim; Klaster kedua, terjadi serangan terhadap properti yang dianggap terkait dengan Muslim: masjid, kuburan, tempat bisnis; Klaster ketiga, ada Islamophobia yang diwakili oleh tindakan intimidasi seperti kampanye atau iklan yang memperingati akan bahayanya Islam; Klaster keempat, perilaku pelecehan, penindasan, lelucon yang melewati batas, dan penilaian kinerja di mana mereka yang dianggap Muslim dikenakan perlakuan atau komentar yang merugikan. Klaster kelima, bentuk Islamophobia ini dapat diartikulasikan di situs-situs kebencian internet, surat kabar, majalah, atau media lainnya. 79 Hal ini bisa terjadi karena Trump, menurut teori psikoanalisis, memiliki konflik internal di mana ia tidak bisa menyeimbangkan antara id, ego, dan superego-nya sehingga tindakan yang dilakukannya berdasarkan hanya dari keinginannya saja. Ia tidak mempertimbangkan konsekuensi baik yang positif atau pun negatif yang dapat terjadi. Oleh karena itu ia memiliki kepribadian yang tidak sehat, dan tergolong ekstrem. Selain itu, sebagai presiden, sudah seharusnya Trump dapat menempatkan diri sebagai tokoh yang baik bagi masyarakat, sebagai tokoh panutan, dan tidak memanipulasi masyarakatnya. -
A Critical Discourse Analysis
How Facebook Comments Reflect Certain Characteristics Of Islamophobia: A Critical Discourse Analysis By Annabell Curci-Wallis UPPSALA UNIVERSITY Department of Theology Master Programme in Religion in Peace and Conflict Master thesis 30 credits Spring 2019 Supervisor: Mia Lövheim Facebook Comments and the Reflection of Characteristics of Islamophobia 2 Thank you: I am extremely grateful to my supervisor, Mia Lövheim, who was patient with me, advised me, and send insightful comments and suggestions even when she had the flu, so I could finish on time. I could not have done it without you. Thank you. I also like to say thank you to my husband, and my sweet daughter, who both supported me by giving me enough time and space, to finish my work. Abstract: This study is a contribution to the limited knowledge of how different types of media content (about Muslims and extremism) posted and shared on Facebook might influence corresponding user comments. Through analyzing the discourse of user comments this study aims to identify how comments might reflect certain characteristics of Islamophobia, and to which themes in Facebook posts commentators relate to the most. The linguistic analysis is guided by the use of critical discourse analysis. For the purpose of this study, three different types of articles/video and the corresponding comments are analyzed. Two of the articles/video that I will analyze are from unreliable media sources, and one of the articles is from a credible media source. The linguistic analysis showed that the majority of commentators expressed that they believe the claims made in the articles/video about Muslims and extremism are true. -
Violent Protest and Heterogeneous Diffusion
BRITAIN FIRST AND THE UK INDEPENDENCE PARTY: SOCIAL MEDIA AND MOVEMENT-PARTY DYNAMICS1 Thomas Davidson and Mabel Berezin2 FORTHCOMING IN DECEMBER 2018 ISSUE OF MOBILIZATION. PLEASE CITE THE PUBLISHED VERSION. Social movement scholars have recently turned their attention to the interactions between political parties and social movements, but little is known about how social media have impacted these relationships, despite widespread adoption of these technologies. We present a case study of the relationship between Britain First, a far-right anti-Muslim social movement, and the U.K. Independence Party, the Eurosceptic political party that spearheaded the Brexit campaign. The movement appeared marginal in the press but it dominated social media, using this presence to support to the party. We examine the dynamics of the relationship between these groups from 2013 until 2017, drawing upon data from social media, newspapers, and other online sources, and focusing on interactions between elites and rank-and-file supporters. Our findings illustrate how far-right groups have used new technologies to generate an unprecedented amount of popular support and to attempt to influence the political mainstream. A number of western democracies have recently experienced a resurgence of right-wing political activity in both the parliamentary and extra-parliamentary sphere (Akkerman, de Lange, and Rooduijn 2016; Mudde 2016; Muis and Immerzeel 2017). In Germany, the unprecedented electoral performance of the anti-immigrant Alternative for Germany (AfD) party -
THE FAR-RIGHT RADICALISATION of WOMEN 1 Combining The
Running head: THE FAR-RIGHT RADICALISATION OF WOMEN 1 Combining the aberrant with the ordinary: The role of white supremacy in the far-right radicalisation of women Catherine Stinton University of Cumbria Abstract Activists and leaders in the far-right in the UK and Europe are often assumed to be working class white men (Cockburn, 2007). While this is reasonably accurate of the majority, the assumption has led to poor understanding of the active minority of women involved in the leadership and support of these movements. They have been similarly overlooked in research of the radicalisation process, which has primarily focused upon the Islamist radicalisation of men (Kundnani, 2015). In this article, literature relevant to the far-right radicalisation of white women is reviewed, beginning with establishing a base of pertinent research into multiple forms of radicalisation. On this basis, literature on potential radicalising pressures experienced by white British women is evaluated, with results reported on a micro, meso, and macro scale. Findings suggest these women are not necessarily misled by the men in their lives, ignorant, or pathological (Blee, 2003). They are individuals with their own agency, with something to lose, influenced and radicalised by pressures placed upon them by their lives, communities, and the world at large. The government’s Prevent strategy identifies white supremacy as the ideology of the far-right, an ideology which still suffuses the postcolonial Western world (Home Office, 2015). Despite its social hierarchy that imagines men as the pinnacle of civilisation, white women are not beyond its influence, as both victims of its patriarchy and enactors of its racialized oppression (hooks, 2015). -
Extremism in the UK's Radical Right and Al-Muhajiroun Networks
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism ISSN: 1057-610X (Print) 1521-0731 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uter20 Gendered Reflections? Extremism in the UK’s Radical Right and al-Muhajiroun Networks Elizabeth Pearson To cite this article: Elizabeth Pearson (2020): Gendered Reflections? Extremism in the UK’s Radical Right and al-Muhajiroun Networks, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2020.1759270 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1759270 © 2020 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Published online: 25 May 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 432 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=uter20 STUDIES IN CONFLICT & TERRORISM https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1759270 Gendered Reflections? Extremism in the UK’s Radical Right and al-Muhajiroun Networks Elizabeth Pearson School of Law and Criminology, Swansea University, Wales, UK ABSTRACT The rise of populism and the radical right alongside ongoing global recruitment by jihadist groups has seen academics and popular dis- course alike note parallels between the two. In particular, authors have emphasized gendered similarities between the movements. Based on ‘close-up’ ethnographic research, this article empirically shows how gender produces group members’ activism in two extreme movements: a network linked to the U.K.’s banned Islamist group al-Muhajiroun; and activists for the English Defence League, Britain First and other anti-Islam(ist) groups. Through a gendered analysis, the article problematizes assertions that the two move- ments mirror one another. -
Number of Muslims Doubles in a Decade! Britons Will Be An
www.britainfirst.org March/April 2015 £1 www.britainfirst.org March/April 2015 BAN HALAL SLAUGHTER! Islamic Halal slaughter is truly barbaric and should not be allowed in Britain. The British public overwhelmingly want it banned... CENSORED Continued on page 2... NUMBER OF BRITONS WILL MUSLIMS DOUBLES BE AN ETHNIC IN A DECADE! MINORITY IN UK Page 3... Page 3... Page 2 - Britain First - Issue 1 Page 3 - Britain First - Issue 1 Greece Islamic heads for ROTHERHAM: TIME FOR DECISIVE NUMBER OF MUSLIM CHILDREN IN State E.U exit ACTION TO SAVE OUR CHILDREN BRITAIN DOUBLES IN A DECADE heading for After last year’s explosive the UK! Parliament has been diverse, with the possibility investigation into large-scale ISIS has threatened to flood presented with a report that today’s majority ethnic Muslim grooming gangs Europe with half a million showing the number of groups will no longer comprise and sexual exploitation in migrants from Libya. Muslim children in England a numerical majority.” Rotherham, a new report has With an “open door” and Wales has doubled in a A recent analysis of census condemned the council as immigration policy governing decade. figures shows that white Britons “not fit for purpose”. all EU member states it was An analysis of official Census are leaving areas where they Greece has elected a leftwing A report last year found only a matter of time before data (the most detailed study are in a minority and are being government - led by the Syriza that more than 1,400 children ISIS took advantage. of its kind) provides evidence replaced by immigrants and Party - that has vowed to end have been subjected to abuse that the Muslim population other ethnic minorities. -
Extreme Digital Speech Contexts, Responses and Solutions
EXTREME DIGITAL SPEECH CONTEXTS, RESPONSES AND SOLUTIONS Edited by Bharath Ganesh and Jonathan Bright EXTREME DIGITAL SPEECH CONTEXTS, RESPONSES AND SOLUTIONS Acknowledgements This report is an output from a workshop organised jointly by VOX-Pol and the Oxford Internet Institute in May 2018. The workshop was titled ‘Combating Online Extremism: State, Private Sector and Civil Society Responses’ and took place at St Antony’s College, Oxford. The report’s contributors and editors thank VOX-Pol for funding and helping organise the workshop. We are particularly grateful for support from Shahed Warreth, Sadhbh Byrne Ryan, Lisa McInerney and Maura Conway, and other VOX-Pol team members at Dublin City University. Both Dr Joel Busher (Coventry) and Dr Benjamin Lee (Lancaster) provided detailed reviews of all of the articles at their initial stages, encouraging valuable revisions to all of the pieces in this collection. We are very grateful for their participation in this project. In addition to their effort, this collection benefitted greatly from the efforts of two anonymous peer reviewers whose detailed comments have helped to improve the contributions from all the authors. ISBN: 978-1-873769-96-6 © VOX-Pol Network of Excellence, 2019 This material is offered free of charge for personal and non-commercial use, provided the source is acknowledged. For commercial or any other use, prior written permission must be obtained from VOX-Pol. In no case may this material be altered, sold or rented. Like all other VOX-Pol publications, this report can be downloaded free of charge from the VOX-Pol website: www.voxpol.eu Designed and typeset by Soapbox, www.soapbox.co.uk TABLE OF CONTENTS Contributors 5 Introduction 10 Bharath Ganesh and Jonathan Bright Extreme Digital Speech 15 Matti Pohjonen PART I. -
Soft Facts and Digital Behavioural Influencing After the 2017 Terror Attacks Full Report
FEBRUARY 2020 SOFT FACTS AND DIGITAL BEHAVIOURAL INFLUENCING AFTER THE 2017 TERROR ATTACKS FULL REPORT Martin Innes Crime and Security Research Institute, Cardiff University This is the full report from the Soft Facts And Digital Behavioural Influencing project, funded by CREST. To find out more about this project, and to see other outputs from the team, visit: www.crestresearch.ac.uk/projects/soft-facts-digital-behavioural-influencing This project reflects a growing awareness and concern amongst policymakers and practitioners about how the community impacts of terrorism and other major crime events are frequently amplified as a result of rumours, deliberately generated ‘false news’ and conspiracy theories. There is interest also in how such effects can be countered through deploying artfully constructed counter-narratives. About CREST The Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats (CREST) is a national hub for maximising behavioural and social science research into understanding, countering and mitigating security threats. It is an independent centre, commissioned by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and funded in part by the UK security and intelligence agencies (ESRC Award: ES/N009614/1). www.crestresearch.ac.uk ©2020 CREST Creative Commons 4.0 BY-NC-SA licence. www.crestresearch.ac.uk/copyright TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................5 2. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................7 -
Arxiv:2009.08322V1 [Cs.SI] 17 Sep 2020
Moving with the Times: Investigating the Alt-Right Network Gab with Temporal Interaction Graphs Naomi A. Arnold,1∗ Benjamin A. Steer,1 Imane Hafnaoui,1 Hugo A. Parada G.,2 Raul J. Mondragon,´ 1 Felix Cuadrado2 and Richard G. Clegg1 1 School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London 2 Universidad Politecnica´ de Madrid Abstract In this paper, we focus instead on the communication hap- pening between users; We study the live interactions cap- Gab is an online social network often associated with the tured by the replies of users to posts and messages. This alt-right political movement and users barred from other net- crucial information about individual and collective user be- works. It presents an interesting opportunity for research be- cause near-complete data is available from day one of the net- haviour is naturally embedded in the temporal dimension work’s creation. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of and cannot be observed in static graphs. A key advantage the user interaction graph, that is the graph where a link rep- of studying the interactions is that we can observe the ac- resents a user interacting with another user at a given time. tive, instant usage of the platform. For such, we model Gab We view this graph both at different times and at different as a temporal interaction graph recording every interaction timescales. The latter is achieved by using sliding windows taking place within the platform and limit the study to that on the graph which gives a novel perspective on social net- of the structure of the graph formed by the messages, dis- work data.