822 INAN91 4 ' •f
LIBRARY INTERNATIONAL RPFPRENCE CENTWB FOR COMMUNITY WAI ERf bU!»BW AHB SANITATiSN (iRC» VXLLAGE LEVEL WATER SUPPLY ,..„ w,/^ MANAGEMENT STUDY "'" & ^^CJC (Report No. 3)
U MA1STJ3AL WE3T GODAVARI DISTRICT
SEPT/OCT 199
UV/^\ >•».. \JUpi(\)t' u&- \1 \cM*<-kAM&.T' (_ =
-INAA?3I - TABUi UI; CONTuKTS
* . • ' '. ' . • '
1. List of abbreviations. ?Q-A-
7. Summary of f inclines - Recommendations -'md opinions
3. Chapter-1 - Background to study, f^ 10
4, Chapter-II - G neral informal ion about district studied,
5. Ch.ipter-III -General information about rikirr.Idl studied. ft 19 6. Chapter-IV - Oiivl orioles of p. .• re option. 7. ^li«'iptor-V - Management ami administration of Gram Pane hay at. 0. Chcptor-VI - Management and adininistration of vomen welfare and Health Dejartin^nt. Pq. 51 9. Chnptsr-Vll - Management and administration of v..S - at JVIandal Level. Pg. -lO.Chapter-VlII- Technical a Bses^iri'.--nt of u.-M in Manc' •^ ^—" riud led. ^ 11 .Chapter-lX - Assessment of community dynamics in i.)H.l'\ 12,Ch..pter-X - Assessment of O&W funds. 13.Chapter-XI - ssessment of administi;ation/ii)onac,ement J'l •Chnpter-XII - Findings conclusions 15.Chapter-XHI~ Kecomme-ndctions fjr institutional re a rr s ric, ernent. 1^ .Annexurr-s-A - Flov diagram and note on individual schemes - 10 schemes B - Itinery C - List of persons,, organisations met D - List of reference documents £ - PK..SS CLIPPING :
• /•• G - Copy - water supply by<-lav,s - Pcntaj;. o'u
H' - a)Oovt.mrnent OLder -^ |.;ointiiient of I>,,l£-;3
b)GoVi:rnment'Order funds tor ['l-j^rumme in Watv.r Scarcity and for re pairing quipni^ LIoT UF EVI ATI UN3
1. FULD. Panchayati '•< a j Enylneoring Department,
2 . NrtP . Nathor Lands Assistnd |JroJQCto.
5 . Pwb. Pr o tec te d^P ip H d) Wa t.or Supply
^. PIP we. I'llni protactoa Water Supply
5. B.W. B or B Well
6. H.P. Hand Pump
7. Upuration and Hoi"tariancB
8 . G .P . Gram Panchayatl
9. MPPP . I'londol Pisaja Parinhad ProGioant
10. MDO. f'landal Douelopment Officer.
11. L .P . Zilla (District) Parishfad.
12 . D.U.U . District DeuBlopmant Officer.
15 . t .E . Executive Enqj. near.
14 . D.E.E . Deputy Executive Engineer.
15. A.E . Assistant Engineor. 16. ICOS. I nts grated Child Oaualopment 5c ha mo.
17 . V .0.0. Villaija DBVolopmont Officnr.
18. DM&HO. District Medical and Hsalth Officer.
19. f-IPHW. 1'iul ti Purpose Health Worker. £O • W3 it cP ^5. M-e. n. PSP SUiVJvuvilY OF FIIIDIMGS AI^O hiiCOWI.O^DATlOKS * -**.- . i -.. — i- ..- -i 1 1 ' . ' - ' '<"-•
A . All, LYSIS OF 12 P....S. SCH;.:i^S IN ..LST GUl,Y»VA.I DI'CT.UCT PiiNTAPADU
TYP.- Ql; SUPP
.1. Mo.of Schemes studied .. 12
2. io.of Schemes functioning J.2
3. Mo.of .cherries not functioning Nil 4. !JO. with major construction fuult .. X 5. i'.(.). (jiving cater less than J hour ..5
'. ;:•..•. civinr 8 hour supply ., Nil
7. ijo. giving six hour supply ..1
S. Mo. covering <.?ntire village ,. 4
9. I;o. supplying Rav.1 V'iater ..3
JO, lo. v.here filters arc choking •ithin 10 'ays. 3 1J. In. vith all rsPS giving val^r .. < 12. I'o. .ith chlorinators .. Nil 13, I'o. with Chloiascopes .. Nil j4. No, where water tost results available . . Nil 15. No. with W.S. bylaws ., 5 THi£ FINDINGS: , / :;
Based on the study 12 completed J.A.S. schemes in the of .jest God^vari district.
X- . Efficiency:
Though schemes are designed to supply •<• ater for 8 hours and I PSP/50 fa/milies the actual Juration of v.ator supply ranges from 20 minutes to & hours. Thus ths distribution efficiency is low.
%., Level of f unctioning:
1 • quality, : Chlorinction is iir^jular in all schemes and no verification oi r\ siclual chlui ine is done.
2. Quantity; The P.S.P. users is in all schemes do not g*-t qh vvater.
3. Fringes r'-n-.< harnl&ts in some villages aie not covered.
C. Recommendations:
X' The short duration water supply through 1 FSI'/SO famili
do not allow many families to Sot water. The options for increasing the duration of water supply r;hould be considered.
1. Dividing the distribution into sections and supplying water one section after another by valve coptr '1.
2, The majority of the families ,ith house connection liv-r in a limited aiva* In tin r> istribu+ion arrnnyer.utits should be made to sm u n. i. u 1 P$V men (by vylvu-j - separate lineV), so thai, later supply .juration
"or P.S.P. users c^n be increased. II. The possibility of water testing by usin^ poi table kits at sub-division/Man.'al lod should he tried.
III. From experience gained in diff-.r r>t p'irts s suitable chlorinating system should '•. s^lcotod ;:nd iriritflll^r! in all P.VS Schemes.
IV. Thu implt-'-nianting agency to oprai arid maintain scht-me fur
V. Handing over to be d on*-1 in a public function so that ownership is clear in public eye.
VI. The implementing agency should monitor the schemes and $uct_/-?st preventive maintenance rn-c sure s. •. a
Of INIONS/SUGGiiSJlONS FRUM IMFOaTANT Ol'TIC-.iS
I* Collector, West Uodavari District
(.l) It i' not cloai" to peopL , .hich y.)Veintii: til., office is related to drinking .ater pro!: .1. rnr>. I-ople go to the
^P office, Collector, //land si of fie*1 etc. bp.oify th'^ func-
tions of offices. Certain matters should b<» settled at liie
G.F. lr:vel itr:( If. Honce eiv.: L^ccific, limited re ties to tha G,P. Ihis will help in promoting a sens'* of ownership.
(2) Th? tariff for water must bo psid by the user - will act,.a check on r••••^ulartty and niaint'.M^nce of v.'ater
(3) Do not nuiko more' village level organisations.
(4) Gran Fanch.iyats vith mor<; income should set rir-nr e.omo funds for water supply inst«a II* plSTi\ICT DfcVhLuPiVfcNT Oi-TlC^tt, ;.L:ST GOOAV/'utl DlSTnlCT: J. • Any parallel organisation to the G.P. at tiio villc^e level will clash with G.P. 2. G.P.s do not function due to inertia of poop I™. 3. Thodlinking water COPS, if necessary can bo collected (as part of house or lanJ tax) by MiO - poolid at district level and distributed to tPs. HI- ^AilPAtiCMI:S McuTlNG AT JliAUDAL II1..AD i..na^dt> - P, 1,1/U', .U ;..V\j;DAL (l) Govej/nrm-nt must subpidis" c»/M r-.xpens-s of >.a + er supply .I00,o subsidy for minor (^.P; and "50,^ for nol.ifio • c..P IV. PtfcD IiXiiCUTIV.i (1) All Drinking '..ater taxes should b-_ indirect - No 'irect drinking vvster taxes must b<.> Levied. (2) A separate line fur ho us*1 connections to be <:,iven. This will yiv;.- moi.fi? water to P;P, V. ^MlI^jyDEyiiLjPMLiNT OFFICLirl, PL-IMTAPADU MANUAL: (1) fAandal office is not involved in v-at^r su[>ply programmes. The R,,S - JH is att.JChed to -the i-.- sub-c'ivision office. (2) The h alth department is also not integrated .ith the manc'al office. (3) By givinr more PS PS, and r cular v.at-r suppjy the demand for House connections will como'.bi-.ti. (4) Tha monitorinc; of 0/M of V'.S. must be a function of the Manda 1 office. (5) To improve 0/M, organise tr;;lnin (6) The ma rid a 1 can be involved in the water committee at the vill:.ue through the VDO. (7) Direct tax for *V.S. - as a percentage of the Mouse tax. ID CHAPTER - I BACKGROUND TU THE STUDY; M.I INTRODUCTIUN 1.2 CUHSTITUTIUI) OF P ,R . E .D.Cuill 1ITTEE 1.3 AND EXTERNAL. STUDY I'Er.ii 1 ,4 HLTHuDULOGY 1.5 PILOT STUDY The above topics are ci^rilt iu± th in ^L.jiJ _ study Df Nalgonda District, N.')lfjnnda 'j ind".il(JJ. 7-11;. CHAPTER - II 1 2.1 Data on the District: (, G£0 bR at.UL0. AU I'ityilJiillULi) : ThG Wash GorJ^unri Di-trir:h .1. l>v cm th" '..Or!: nf Rivor Godov/nri acJ j oi uin y tin1 J.-iy of ^Hfi-jnl. It i.' hnurn!r>H on tha North by Khniirnam DiL-hrir.!. •l<\0 i'.rl hn • Di- t,r !••. t in the V/Qet. The Di r:- tr i •.: t Can bn dnvi do ri inLo 'diren n • UJJ. nl regions - Delt^, upland antl nrjcncy rprjionF . Th^T n ^r n 3 corresponrliny reuenuB anij ndminir.: tr nti v/s r "^i nrr- . Wir . Eluru- Upland N ar 3apur - Del ta Kovuur - Agency The District is further divided intu r,i.-.-nUrjl s n"d villagss. Tha details are. shown b'jlotu. Tfien 0 munici- palities in tha district. 11 REVENUE MANPALS IN WEST GODAVAKI DIST. TOTAL No. Of MANDALS .46 A PIST HEAD «» MANDAL BOUNDARY MANDAL HEAP QUARTERS RAILWAY LINE BAY OF BENGAL fi swenuo i'jo .of Ho.of Cir .•iriii ,i I'unj. cj,- Divisions. I'^ndal s . P.-.inch:.iy:i f nl i ui'T Narsapur 12 22 5 68 3 Eluru 16 311 50 2 Kowur 10 274 73 3 Total: 46 G10 191 8 WEST GODAUARI DUTRICT: S£IJE:R,U. F E,',,TLI. . t J Dis !;r i'.:t ^h-ate' Geoqr nphicjil area 7780 Sq.km. 27 5100 P opul ntion 2B73950 535500nr SchedulQd C^stss 4 6414 5(16 .2,5) 7962000(14 ,.9,0 Scheduled Tribe? 66586(2.3,-) 3176000(5.5 Urban Populations 596874(20 .0 -) ~ (23, ftur al Population 2277004(7 ) --' (76 .1,0 Density of Population 37l/5q.Kin 195/Sq.K,,,. L i tr ac y 37.61/i 2 q 4 94,'a '/^ of agricultural wur kEv\j to total workers 70.7,» /» of Aqriculturtl labourers to total wor kere-47.7 36.79 Net area \ 57 .00 40.1 /« irrigated area in net area :. Sown 80.11 38.69 T h e do nnj fcy nf popul •){ inn 7 7.1 j..': '•'- ! in tlK' n t.-itR, Tf IB fj| • ' . 11" r i i r! i!:i ••• ',r i ' ' ••' " ' . ' ' -43— • '. '. • • . ,/• ' • The district is agriculturally advanced 57,» af bh e ga o gr ap h i c or R a i r> c u 11i v n I e c!\ 4 (.). 1/° - S [-, - I;n) . P - ri dy , Sugar C ane t M^nyo, Citerus ar a major crops, 10.->> of the people own 60/° of thy 1 pn d nnrl G2,J own 4n,a of (tio lnul, Thus though the district is agriculturally rich, poworty exists side by .^ide with lzryn po;-: ersions. 2.2 ECONOMY Rs. in lpkhs. Sources of Rsvenuti Dei;i'-ri,J C n\ ] r;c ti on '-'nlnMce LandHavenuB 2302.70 594,96 171?.50 Sales term APGST 2423.90 2?80.96 134.94 C.S.T. 453.31 397.66 55.65 A.P.E.T, 274.77 2 56.62 10.15 Total: 54 54.60 3 530.20 3.13.24 Total! 9306.12 l.-.-khp. 2.3 pA™ PJ. ^''£^# S£I -u-!i i!i J.iJ.f. HL^IlvI1-!' No.of PRED. Diuirsions. 3 No.of PR£D. Sub-divisions. 16 No.of Mandcds. 46 There are 2 mobile t^pni""lthr: district f r-i rn-n. n I-.QM -,f ••.f:r> of Hand Pumps. They are attached to Eluru Uiviri-in. The throe division?, 16 pub-divi: I on: 46 nrind.'ls -TMI 848-vill ages I-. 4^ ^ ^q «• ^, ,, h, M H * M ^ •* ^ ** *+ P* Mt M IW •• *»•* .W «-*•••• •— M* ^rt Divisions Sub-division iinnd^^ 1. Eluru 1,Eiuru(u-Dli;-0 U'. E-Lru 2 . F'nd-p-'du 3 . i' (•• i\-i\in i,j 2.Chinth-il-pudiUtpl->ri'O 1 .1- hi n t'-l. !|,tr!i 2 .L i riqnp d Tin 3.K.V J r 3 . G annp aw ar P :>( Dn 11o) 1. U :>n;,p ;, v cr ; 2.i].U1A)ni>rr.U 3 .Pen Lap a du t;.i) 1.1 2 .D.Tirurn:-! --• 3 .Osnduluiru 5.Tndrapalliyudem , T , -,. , I - i a do p al 1 I g u do m 2. j 3 . Ungupf !.;ur . 2. Narsapur 1 .Bhimav/gr am(DE!l to) 1 .^himav or nrn 2 .P 'I nkadgr u 3 .^ f:inr >u n::. pj1 am 2.PalakoletDelta) l-Palakoln 2.Paderu 3.Meiinn ta 3 .Narsapurani(Uel ta) l.TJats 2.Mogalturu 3.Yela 4 . A kiu i riu t Uel 1, a) 1. i\ ki \j i du • 2.KoLla . . 3 .Undi 5.Tar»uku( Delta) l.Tanuku 2 .Undr aj ou ar am 3 ,Ir agav ,-jf arn 4.At tlli 3. Kpuuur 1. Kouvur(Dp.l to) l.Knvuur • 2 .Chriyoiiur 3 JU d'.id'^H)l u 4 ,R sv il an • 11 i 2 .J anqar addi rjudnni( i\) 1 .Unny ;)i n dr'i r iifirMii (upland arria) ? .Uut tny nriii dinn 3 .hangar ede'i QUd^mC B) 1 . ^^'Kluyumilli (uplnnrl nr v. G) 4 .Gopalapurarn l.^op ,1 opu; ^;i (upl nnd or'?:-;) 2 .T'»ll opndi 5.Pol.MVnr,inAup]. itid 1 •'"'"1 ^ !'- ^m ai: i;.,'.),! 2 J>oyy J. •judr'm. il :-i'juririi! 1 >' 9ni..'M.jii l,r a 11 r 1 '' i'i 2 .I- i!f UJ go mis (upland arraj 3 .P ' r .<•'"1 i •J, -45— ie water testing le»bnrntcry j.:.; gt \> ij ny .-UJ-: rla • T|-is pntirn reqiun cnn l_r- r!'\/I(Jr>d i n !,n ? i yn -T ;-.=• J 1 according to hhn '< >«S ,f r obi enn . ( 1) Upl :,iu i ,-r <:.•.- M •••?. >.H.< (jrouni i r wnter (2)Df?l ;-i arnn using f^ur T;-n : iv-ih^r. The m.-;MfJ3l 5; > • 1. ^1 _. cted for study i.n. pen tapndu'i'1 typ.icrl of dnlta atr-3 and ths si lotions/problems reg?r rfin'j i"*';3,in upl o,j arfri i r: somev^haplt, similar to Tel angina arva- nr |ji; n'-nr; t" d in (-.fit: study on NalQonda mnndal. Tin- upl •in:.! -r -~n i r; ii'"'.:r nil y served by Bore; Well£ fitted with lirjud pumps or nio Lor s uri th piped system ranging from 1. a single point supply from :.i bnrn uriil mi th mo tor-dir nc I, pumping, 2. direct pumping from barn WIIG yd Ut wultiplra supply points. 3. GLbHr.« ud th Bore woll an coin c <>- and !'-ttGry of 4. OHSds, and a di stribu t,i no ryrtein ud Ui IJ 5^ . ,-! House ennnge tions ud Ui Li.W.M,'.' nourceri(l-'Wb) « The delta area has to uno n filter prucwr; la moke canal water potnbl rH slow »and f il t :r s) -whil r: tlrs upland area the ground water is directly supplied without nny filtering procsss. 2*4 DATA ON THE NUlipER OF TYFEUF W.VrE.i SUH-'LY SEiiUKE^: THE DIJTRIUT; DA^tllcJ, S^te ND.of PWS.Schemer, completnd. 551 92 69 ND.of flPwa.SchHniQP completed 2o1- No.of Hand pumps ins tailed. l?8-i 150157 No.of mobile maintenance teams. 2 139 No.of pump mechanics 10 820 it \'-i luster supply K on at.ID in !,ii 3 J 31. f am8 of thr P.ii. U'.,^. b t J t ::i-U! iJf>« div i'• i 1.1 no . uo nip 1 („• t d. cntup 1. • < '>,r r\. h <> cl p utiif;i s 1 . El urn b2 108 1 ij 2 2 2. Narsppur ^6 _ 5 ; UIL 3. Kowur 8^ 88 819 Total: 342 201 Problem villager fn;c Urinking WuLorl W/rfER SULIIiUE I . '3 Kmr;.:».MY) Uif: trict Total No.of uillygcr '.-; 84H 27379 No.of pro bit! in vil 1. nqs £• identified. " e41 22860 No.nf problem uill ^ujc • cnv/ared 601 1U416 Eluru . II. • ' -- 7 Unolionic:.! Fii1;^ U-::iii-t|'"j 1 i-Jr .>r.,U of i: L'.K)1 Ul!3ii . 1 liu. fil t:-r ' .. 1 Ullbli , fil U'l , no i; pi :;: ant 1 rL- ?.l. tnnk 1 i:>;:iUi ny niech. : f'il '>:•!.' dsm-uiGd. 3 iiotur to UJ r i-pl uc t, ii 1 & tefi'l t;ink 1 c1 ".kv 2 I'ucit ^n.i.c.'l filtni d --lii ••()';d. PL.vi'iTS Ii: ULJI' uUU,.u.,..l O\ J T . CLI .» L t:\ to T|)»..' fnlloudng villages in I'J rir ,':.;,?pur r.li»./n .h ov ^ rj^-f j,in , L1 •> n pi ">n l;r? . 1. Molapanr u 2, Dubli il iiinllip ilnin 3 . Y f.: t i mu di ^ .Hor'iUlnwl :H;)llu Uiy -I :p Hi 5.^lii nth ,ir r ou ii On-r-.-J. in-•• ':.inn I'l. inl^. i^S-S IIjCUKRED INJjAW) 31 name'of the Original Grants expendi- Ifo. District/ balance released ture in- Bala- ao- Division. as on during currtd nee. marks. 1.4.1990. the year, upto j\1;?rch , • 91. I'Z Z Z2I Z Z Z Z I 5*1 I I I J'Z I I I 5'Z I I I*1! I I Z7I 1) Eluru -0.21 3.56 2.84 0.54 2) Kovvuru 3.0l 2.84 1.58 1.27 Total: 2.B0 f',40 4.42 4.78 Sup'j i Intend3 nc; Enginner (PH ) & 1 ur u . Thor,- are 5 Sub Divisions in the Hluru U ivisijn. J.) iiluru 2) Dhimadole 3) Tadepa.lligudern 4) Ganapavaram 5) Chjnthalapudi The V.L#.v.M. study was Ho no in thf Ganapava.rvjm Sub Division at Pentapadu Wandal. The v.ater Su|;p.ly systorn in this Sub Division is cjiven b.loiv;- si Home of the Scheme s comploted No , Sub Division. PUS KPl-3 Hand Dr In \ inn v/at' Schamu s Schemes p urnp s tanks. 1. S: 1 ur u 11 21 111 18 2. Bhimadole J3 2 63 5 3. T a d e p a 11 i g u d <•-•> m 25 $1 5 4, Ganapavaram 27 16 — 20 5. Chinthalapudi 5 787 — Total: 82 53 1022 48 IS Besides this luru Sub Division has 43 lore v.jl.ls • ith motors vin^ a sinole point supply. Ho.of D.Vi. Grants Co fit of dxp ndit uro Year. .••orkinQ in received spare on establi- dv~ the Division, for main- parts shm-rit H.i>. hinanco of during mechanics & Borov,;;lls» the year, mobility. I' I- 3I clurn D.iran. 4.00 lakhs 18,712)4.00 320396.°° Lluru Divn. 3.05 ,, 32^353.25 l20SJft-"<> 1990-91. ulufu Divn. 3.56 ,, 3035.17.00 285458-00 2.5 The pent SI Type of Total No. To-tal in percentage Mo. r.ch-:;'mes. of Studied. sample studied." mandal. 1. PA'S SchemeK 12 J-2 10CF& 2. !.'P,i/S Schemes Nil Mil Iiil 3. Hand pumps Nil Nil llil 4. Vi.llac.es. 1* 20 Q ("*&/ '•> 19 3.1 ^ U\; MBOUT /^I STL-;;: ^FOn^vQUN:- Fontapadu Manda 1 is in the delta r it Is 5 Kins, from Tadf?palli SC/ST populati'.^i is shown b.rlot;- SI Maine of the Popula- S.T. bducstion/ hotj.fi- Mo. village. tion popula-• popula- I.;?die a 1 catlon. 198J . tion. tion. facili- ties. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. i. P:ntapedu 1J887 1571 29 Da. Co 1111 a r e Moti- Jr. " f ie 6 . Hlrjh School, 2. DCH Kandrika De poplatfld 3. Urnamaheswarant J029 *50 — — 4. G:ltapalem 3712 444 11 5. Dodapcdu 10-15 26 U 6 . .•lUdunuru 2116 233 <» P.M.C. 7. Akuthicppadu 1884 603 11 8. Parirnella 2272 503 $ Mich Scho-l 9. K.Pontapadu 293* 740 —. Bci la v.adi . 10. Yanalapalli 861 327 J.3 1.1. r'arasimharampuram De populated 12. '" .Wipparu 4 725 418 26 H.School I-oti- Jr .College 13. uacherla 2481 *7«? 10 14. ValluTupalli 1852 5*8 5 15. A la nip ur am 4127 685 69 H, School -do- 16. Kavipadu 2911 414 17. Chinthapalli 1339 451 IB. /,leen;,valluru 3489 415 71 11. School 19. Koizumi Hi 1343 314 9 V.Hijspital 20. 11. Kondepadu 2595 347 — 21. jpf c<\.h ipcdu 3487 76 id 2B lioti'.". :• 22. Darsiparcu 3321 04* 20 -.- Total: 59712 10786 331 •-- ...... MANVAl PRA7A R4R1SHAD PEtfTAPAW Hy Sc S 7 U . • • • . , • .• • • .' : • ' y- The area of the /..andal is 11': .38 Sq.Km) (1.3o of Diet.) Tlie nearest, to/n for commerce and cominunicat.iun facility is Tadf'pal.lJ gudom (5 Kms. from Pentapadu il,'^). out of thr- total population of 597JB2, 24838 are the main vork^rs and of th^se 52^> are agricultural labourers. Out of the total area of 11,638 Hecters, 9843 hectores are cultivated and 1795 hectors are used for a non-agricultural purposes, 9740 hector es are under Paddy cultivation. The Gudavori canals irrigate 9827 hectores of land. MANUAL GiiNCHAL 3 .No. Item Ma rid a 1 District 1. Geographical area 116.38 Sq. Ktn. 7780 2. Ho. of villages (G.Ps) 20 848 3 Population 59712 2873 985 4 3cheduled Castes 1078^0 4*4J45 5. Scheduled Tribes 33l,o 6658ft;S 6. Literates 19143 - 3 9 • I/O 37. 12. Villages electrified lOOJiI/O 3*2 ^CONQMy;~ Gram Panchayat ^.ise income, expenditures is given below. 3»3 P_td._6 .D.;- The Pent a p ad u i- ••ahdal beloncs to the Ganapav-'M. a Sub Division censtiting of Pentapadu, Nidamarru and Ganapavai Mandals. Ther^ is no mobile team at this Sub Division, Contr!.... 22 Statement No. I ReCEIPTS AND EXPEMOITURe OF THE GRAM RMCHAYATS IN F&lTAPADU MANUAL. DPO SI Name of the Panchayat Receipts for the last * Sbcitwg Expenditure fox the last 3 years no. 3 year? 1990-91 T 1989-90 ^988-89 1990-91 ] 1989-90 19S8-89 4 8 63, A 6, 6J3 4c S, 3 69 JU, f 9^/63 , 561 6 I, U} 6S9 /, 36,79/ h 22; f, //, -'5 74,76!: 36, Z7C i, 9% d.o $,€£,73* 67 '76, 2* 9/5 4,67 5// 39, &?• Tha H.IV.:? . Schemes in th.v villages IB given Si Name of the Type of Status of Mo.of bora Other Mo, village. ..ator PViS Scheme, v•.•oils/Hand sourc supply. pumps. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. Pentap^du p;,s- 10 Tank 2. Uniamaheswaranv Tank C 3. Getlapalem n D 4. Bodapadu n u ti 5. I/iuddunuru TMS ' A^r n 6 . A k u t h i gala p a el u Tank D Tt 7. Pararmella PWS - A-} fl 8. K.Pentapadu A ^ It 9. Yanalapalli Tank D n 10. W.Wipparu PWS - A ^ 11. Uacherla P»VS - A^ 12. Vallurupalli Tank (B) 13. Alumapuram PWS A --* 14. iiavipadu PWS - ••; AA II 15. Chinthapalll Tank -— ti 16. Weenavalluru PWS .. 10 n 17. Korumilli P.vS - A-"A' II IS. BtKondepadu Tank(B.iv) 16 n 19. Prathipadu PlVS II 20. Darsiparru Tank tt A — completed and commissioned B — in progress C — completed not commissioned D — sanctioned. The bore wells are shallow bore veils (filter points) 3.5 PROCEDURES FCU SciLliCTlON OF VILUGHS;- The team selected; a) All^yillages_ inhere PWS Schemes are comuussioned i.^., r)''l2 villages and four other villages i.'--., J.6 villages in 8C$ of villages in the Mandal. - IV OP&IATION ^INTuN/uCu-ANGLuS OF PUtCuPTlUN/iSGUiS; 4.1 Definition of operation nwintenancc 4.2 Ar ..as covered under operation maintenance- 4.3 Conception of integrated approach (please sen Stmdy - Nalcjonda District, Page: 23-25) CM APT eft ,r V AND ADMIN1STKATION OF ^V.^ PAUCUAYATS l[i 5.J. Political organisation see Vli/M Nalyonda (P. 5.2 Civil Administration. 4- In the Pentapadu Mandal there a.reAnotif.ted Gram Panchayats and 16 non-notified Gram Panchayats. The noti- fied Gram Panchayats have Executive Officer and oth»r staff mem'oers while in the non notified Panchayats a full time/ part time cl«rk only is available. In addition to this, if the Gram Panchayats has a PWS., the i-\.3 operator vili also be present. The following table shows the staff posi- tion in the Gram Panchayats. Si N-m- of the Notified/ Staff. No. Gram Panchayat. Non-notified. operator 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1, Pentapadu Notified 13.0.-I- staff 1 operator 2. tlrnamaheswaram Non-notified Par-yiime clerk 3. Gotlapalom * " 1 oD,r::t.r (i'v'ounjipadu} 4. Bodapadu 5. Muddunuru " Fulltime clerk 1 operator 6. Akuthigapadu n P.T.Clerk -7. Paramilla n F.T.CJ>?rk 1 operator _8. K. .Pentapadu n 11 1 operator 9. Y.iTialapalli n P.T.Clerk 10. w.Hipper Notified E.O.-H staff 1 opera tor Contd.. .. i. 2. 3. 4. 11. iV-cherla Non-notified F.T.Clerk ope r ator 12. Vallurupalli n P.T .Clerk - - 13. AIanpuram Notified ii,O.+ Staff Upi-r /• 14. >\avipadu Ilon-notif red P.T .Clerk —— 15. Chinthapalli n -do- 16. r'eonavallur it F.T.Clerk Oper ator 17. jViorumilli n P.T.Clrk Op •.:•!• IB. B.I ondc.padu it -do- - lv . Pratip.'du ratified '::.'.. :- Staff Or;; 7a-'or ?/'. Dacsiparru Uoilfiod -do- 5.3 RHVaaK-FIIlAN Thora ere a no. of sources of incnnf for a Gram Pnnchayot and also a no. of expenses. A balance sheet of income, expenses of the fueenavallur Grnm Panctiayat is (ji bo low. h'M.!?e t.^x collections rf Gr.T 5s •3 IS" . U''M) Ck&AT 28- STATEMENT DEMAND AMD ^COLLECTION FOR THE VILLAGES COVERED BY THE P.W.S./M.P.W«S.SCHEIESr Si. Name of thePanchayats CoUwtion on no. House tax Water Tax i-House tax Water Tax 1988-89 1989-90 1SWH91 1989-89 1989-90 1991990V"l988* - U989- 1990- 1988- 1989- 1990- 911 89 90 91 89 9% 91 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8l3 9. 12. .13. . 14. 1. Ueenavalluru (A) 7,955 2. Pentapadu (A) ,/JjCOV 3. Mudunuru (A) 7;C7f ^777 0 ;:r!S.i 2P. Aiamjjmxam 21. PaHiella 22. Pratiipadu.(A) 30 5.4 VILLAGi LJv^L ACTIVITIES: The Gram Panchayat is the 1 cal government awl it has a President - the Sarpanch no' members from «veryward of the village. Every Gram Pencbayat has also 2 to 3 i-om^n members. The notified Gram Panchayats have regular meetings and the non-notified Gram Panchayats Ho not generally hrve re'.i'-'lftr m'-^tincs. The women members generally do nrrt attend m ;etinc s unless they are specially summoned • h n a weighty matter is to b..: discussed. The Government agencies reaching th-j vill.t';jj 3re; 1. The Haalth Department - MPH.. 2. The Maiidal Office - Village development ufficor 3. The iiVom'i'n and child *»t;lf are D^partm^nt - the . oman Development Officer. 4.'jhe Mandal iin^ineer (if works are to !>••• tak.ri up or in procress in the villac/.0« 5. School Teachers. In the? village there arc also Mahila iViandals/V Organisations/Village Committee for "common CQDC3 fund" There is very lit tie co -or d i n_a±.i on Iv-t.-eon the Cover nni>nt .rjejencios, the Gram Panchayat Mt:mbors the non-Governmental organisations like th> Mahila jVlandai in the villages. Ma hi la Manda Is/Youth Clubs in tht» vilWes'is t.iven belo . SI. Name of Mahila Youth Mo. Village Mandal Club f—' """' 1. Pentapadu MM YC Activo 2. Paramilla MM -» MM c'o.nr-. 3. K.Pentapadu MM MIL * * 4 , W.Wipparru MM MIL 5. I'/'udunuru NIL MIL 4. Mounijipadu MM VG MM Sov in: 7. Meenavallur MM MIL 8. Alumpuram MM YC Both z< 9. Korumilli MM MIL Sev.lnci 10. Rachorla MIL MIL CIlAPTEiH-Vl Management and Administration of w'omon 'A elf are (J. 1 ;r -a'.\ see VL'.VM study Nalgonda district) P.32 In V 7.1 P.R.E.D. SET UP The Pentapadu Mandal belongs to the Eluru Division Ganapavaram Sub-division. At the sub-division office the set up is:- Sub-Division Office Ganapavaram 3 Asst.Engineers Dy.E.E. 3 ~Assl.En for Mandal Works for ZPP Works 8, I T I Ganapavarara Pentapadu Nidumarru Mandal Maftdal Mandal Engineer Engineer Engineer The Assistant Engineer incharge of zilla Praja Parishad works is also responsible for Rural Water Supply, This Assistant Engineer is not co-ordinated with the Mandal Administration and hence at Mandal Level the Mandal Develop- ment Officer do^not feel the responsibility for water supply in the villages, 7.2 TECHNOLOGY: The Mandal has surface water sources. The ground water Is generally blackish below 50 ft. Shallow bore wells on the side of canals and tanks In some villages yield potable water (Exg. B.Kondepadu). The traditional source of Drinking Water is the village tank. Which is connected to the agricultural canal. Most these tanks get water from canal by gravity, though some of them are filled by pumping (Exg. Pratipadu). The technology adopted for providing safe drinking water by the Panchayat Raj Engineering Department is to filter the water in the village summer storage tanks with slow sand filters, collect the filtered water in sump and pump it into a O.H.S.R. for distribution to the village population. Agricultural S.S. Slow Sand Clear Water40HS Distri _ Canal Tank Filter Sump bution Th© following table shows the situation of the villages Name of the Distance Method of Type of Capacity Of Village from Ag. Raw Water filter OHSR canal to collection SS Tank 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Pentapadu Y2 KM Pumping Slow Sand 2,00,000 Lts Filters Muddunur 3 KM Pumping 40,000 Paramilla 100 Mts. By gravity 60,000 •t K.Pentapadu 100 Mts'. ti 60,000 W.Wipparu 100 Mts. ti 2,00,000 it Racherla 100 Mts. It II 60,000 Alumpura 100 Mts. H * »l 60,000 Ravipadu 100 Mts. M 40,000 tt Meenavalluru YA KM+BW Gravity & 11 60,000 & Motor pumping Korrumilli YA KM Gravity It 40,000 Prathipadu YA KM Gravity & II 60,000 pumping Mounjlpadu 1 KM Gravity •• 20,000 •• Dasiparru 100 Mts. " It 90,000 n Unamaheswaram 100 Mts. II 20,000 it 34- THE SUMMER STORAGE TANK: The Summer Storage Tank is either fenced off or a watchman appointed by Gram Danchayat to protect it from cattle or trespassers. People get into it to draw water. The water from the S»S, tank is pumped into the slow sand filters. The quality of water is dependent on (1) Quality of canal water -(Turbidity) (2) Condition of filter bed (3) Chlorinatidn for about 6 months - July to January the canal water is highly turbid and the sedimentation in the S.S, tank does not reduce the turbidity appreciably. This results in the S.S. filters getting cho< ked too often - Frequent replacement of sand and leas production of filtered water. A typical case is Mounjipadu Scheme. The sand used In filters often is not graded. The sand Is too fine (small size). This together with seasonal high turbidity - often choke the filters and leads to frequent scraping and sand replacement. As such there is no sufficient time for ripening of the filters. Most filters do not have the vital layer (SCHUMDECK) essential for the efficiency of S.S. filters. Chlorination is done by mixing bleaching powder in a bucket and pouring the solution in the V-notch or clear water sump. In no .scheme residual chlorl-ne is measured. These are summarised below: SI. Name of the Status of Chloro- Water No. village SS filter Chlorination scope tested when 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1, Pentapadu Functioning Regular Nil Nil 2, Mudunnur Functioning Not Regular ti « 3, Paramilla/- --Not " t* Functioning 4. K.Pentapadu Functioning » 5. W.Wipparu Functioning Not regular Mot B^ buCket 6. Racherla - Functioning " it 7. Alurnpuram Functioning " tt 8. Ravlpadu Functioning Not regular 9. Meenavalluru Filter not ready B.W. water used 10. Korumllli Functioning 11. Prathipadu No sand in filter 12. Mounjipadu- -Functioning often choking 13. Umamahe- swaram Not commissioned 14. Darsiparrl Not commissioned The quantity of water supplied depends on the duration of supply (other factors ..remaining the same). The duration depends on: (1) The capacity of OHSR (2) The No. of distribution points (3) The capacity of motors - (Simultaneous pumping during distribution) If the distribution starts with nur.R full and with simul- taneous pumping during distribution. Then the quantity of water distributed will be: Capacity of OHSR + Capacity of OHSR divided by the time taken to fill the O.H.S.R. multiplied by time taken for distribution. In most schemes 7.5 HP motor is user* to fill the OHSR ( 5 HP motor to lift water from SS tank to SS filter). The duration of water supply in different villages, the total quantity supplied and LPCD is shown below: X - duration of distribution the following table given the details: SI, Name of the Time n,ira- Total water ra LPCD No. village Capacity taken ir" , distributed ot of OHSR to fill JJ°J . (Mrs) (Mrs-1) OHSR dlstrl~ 1. 2, 3. L U.H.5.H4. . butio5. n 6* 1. Pentapadu 200,000 3K2 Hrs. 20+20 Mts 220,000 -<8,5 2. Muddunuru 40,000 2 Hrs. 1+1 Hrs. 60,000 28.3 3. Paramllla 60,000 6+1 Hrs,2+2 Hrs. 80,000 35.2 4. K.Pentapadu 60,000 4 Hrs. 3+3 Hrs. 105,000 35.7 5. W.Wipparu 200,000 4 Hrs. 1+1 Hrs. 250,000 -52.9 6. Racherla 60,000 2 Hrs. 1+1 Hrs. 90,000 36.2 7. Alamapuram 60,000 2 Hrs. 1+1 Hrs. 90,000 SSF -20.3 7 Hrs. meh.F 8. Ravipadu 40,000 NO DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 9. Meenavalluru 60,000 OHSR closing 1 Hr. value out of order 10. Korumiilli 40,000 3/4 Hrs. 45+45 Mts. 80,000 59.5 11. Prathipadu 60,000 2/2 Hrs. 45+45 Mts. 7^,000 22.3 12. Mounjlpadu 20,000 2 Hrs. 2+2 Hrs. 40,000 38.0 y = •37 The 1981 population figures are used in calculating LPCD. The present LPCD will be lower than these as the population has increased. In W.Wlpparu and Korumilli more than the required amount is given. The lowest Is 18.5 LPCD in Pentapadu. The problem seems to be not in the total quantity of water distributed but in unequal distribution between house connections and PSPS. 7*3 HOUSE CONNECTIONS: After a P,W. S. schemes is committed to a contractor (tender) he approach««the Sarpanch of that village and appeals for a some contribution from the village to make up for his"loss"in executing the scheme. If this contri- bution Is not made there could be inordinate delay in starting the construction. The Sarpanch collects from the better-off farmers the required amount with the understanding that, they will be given a house connection. Thus the house connections are s.blc! in advance before construction starts. The contractor is now obliged to give the house connections before officially commissioning the scheipe. The PSPS will be created later on and there may not be enough finance for all the required PSPS. The following table shows the No. of house connections and PSPS, and tariff and down payment for the different villages. Approxi- mately No,of SI. Villages with Popula- No. of house Remarks PWS completed tions No. of PSP No. 1981 families conne- pop/5 ction 1. Pentapadu 11887 2377 55 600 -2. Muddunuru 2116 423 18 112 3. Paramllla 2272 454 22 132 -4. K.Pentapadu 2936 587 12 50 -5. W.V/ipparu 4725 945 12 100 6. Racherla 2481 496 24 27 7. Alumpuram 4427 885 43 245 ~8. Ravipadu 2911 582 17 75 9. Meenavalluru 3489 698 9 70 10. Korumilli 1343 268 10 120 11. Prathipadu 3487 697 19 144 12. Darsiparru 3321 664 - Not commi- ssioned 13. Mounjipadu 1050 210 14 86 14. Umamaheswaram 1029 206 Not commi- —r-- ssioned Some of the Gram Panchayats have hamlets/ colonies outside the village boundary where water supply is not reaching. Lack of finance is the reason given for this. The following is a list of such villages with hamlets, distance from main village and No. of families Involved. Name of the Distance No. of PWS Gram Panchayt Name of the from main families covorage (with PWS) hamlet villages 1. K.Pentapadu Muthapuram 1 KM 25 Not covered 2. W.Wipperu 1. Odd 31 iq 7'4- BREAK DOWNS! Some of the schemes have already faced mijor break down like burning of motors. The local Gram Panchayats' have repaired the motors. The following table shows the break down and time taken to repair/resume water supply in the last year. SI. Name of the Cause of Time taken to No. G. P.s break down repair 1. Paramilla Motor burnt 15 days 2. W.Wipparu n 15 days 3. Mounjipadu 7 days 4. Muddunuru 2 days 5. Alumpuranj 7 days BYE-LAWS: Some Gram Panchayats have adopted laws for water supply. Model bye-laws are available with the District Panchayat Officer. The bye laws can clearly lay down terms and conditions for water supply ~ especially with regard to house connections. This will act as a preventive measure for abuses like using Split pumps, lowering level of the distribution point by digjing pits, using of hand pumps on the distribution point and wastage of water, the following chargt gives villages, adoption of by laws - existing bbuses. Existence of SI. Name of the village Abuses No. with P.W.S. bye-laws 1. 2. 3. 1. Pentapadu Adopted PSP in pits 2. Paramllla nil - 3. K.Pentapadu Adopted - 4. W.Wipperu Adopted - 5. Mounjipadu nil House connection in pits 6. Muddunuru Adopted - 7. Moenavallur nil - 8. Korumillai nil • 9. Alumpuram nil Split pumps hand pumps-pits on house connection 10. Racherla Adopted 11. Pratipadu Adopted - 12. Ravipadu • - 7'6" HANDING OVER PROCEDURE: The study team did not come accross any handing over document while discussing with the Gram Panchayats only in one case (Meenavalluru) the Sarpanch expressed difficulty in taking ovor due to certain draw backs in the construction. 7-7 OPERATION MAINTENANCE PRACTICE: There are no established operation Maintenance practices, each Gram Panchayat appoints an operator (often the tank watchman takes over - or the village helper to the electricity line man) and he develops his own style of functioning. His main duties 4-1 (1) Take care of 3.S. Tank (2) Pump water to the S.S. filter -- (3) Pumps water to the O.H.S.R. (4) Release valves for distribution For sand replacement extra labour is often hired. There is no training given for the operator. The VLWM study team also visited PWS Schemes at: (1) Darsiparru (2) Umarnaheswaram and 2 villages without PWS Schemes: (1) B.Kondepadu (2) Ramachandrapuram The P.W.S. schemes at DARSIPARRU and UMWHESWARAM are completed and not commissioned due to delay in electricity connection. The electricity board is demanding that an amount at be deposited in their account. There is a dispute, whether this amount As to be paid by the Gram Panchayat or by Panchayat Raj Engineering Department. The villages, B.Kondepadu and Ramachandrapuram depend on village tanks and shallow bore wells for their drinking water. The Gram Panchayat is maintaining the hand pumps of the filter points. The No. of hand pumps and their condition is given below: V si. Nam© of the No. of No. H.P. Populatlc>n N°pf No. village not working working 1. Umamaheswaram 1029 12 9 3 2. B.Kondepadu 2595 16 14 2 Other villages with PWS Schemes and H.P. 3. Pentapadu 11887 10 10 _ 4. W.WIpparu 5779 3 nil 3 5. Meenavallur 3489 10 nil 10 6. Alumpuram 4427 6 6 nil salty 7. Prathipadu 3487 10 > nil 10 8. Ravipadu 2911 5 5 nil In the two villages without PWS Schemes these bore wells are highly appreciated by the people. Most of the people drink water from the hand pumps. Thos^ are located on the sides of canals or drainages and the technical opinion is that'since they are shallow, nitrates from fertilizer or night soil will infiltrate into the water. Hence, they are not very safe. In Meenavallur there is a 6" B.W. with submerssible motor feeding the OHSFl. As the sand filters waxen are not commissioned, the B.W.^ls supplied to the village. The B.W. Is 60 ft. deep - hence considered s£fe. . • • • • / I 43 ! 8. Technical Assessment of OcAi in ijaneal .studied. 0.1 Services provided and capita! d;j;t. This Pentapadu Panda' villa .<;:> -u. e \':<}i.\ by the surface water drawn frou Lno River ^-X.LIVO.J: y, ti.rough canals , channels and village taihs both fe-r Irriga- tion and drinking water purposes, in .face nil the villages of the West Godavuri o.istrict wiiieli die situated to the Jouth o£ the iiluxu cjanal. th it run from the Uiver (Joufivarl at V.i i josw/ii: aiii !,;•.) !•:.).uru U;M to the sea coast is fed by the '-•'<..».ur>/u:i ;\II..\ xts tributories for their water r e< :n i.x r .-i.KM!!:. ;..'hi-j;,;; -::; a. 11 the villages situated North ;<.• UK,1 .'il..'A'V- • vi^-il, do- j pen.j on thu rainfe^.l tan];:; fjMU !j<.,r'. v." llr: !•:..•); i.i;e.i.i roquireaent of v/ater. ^. the water or thv-1 1'iver •'<• :\nv;.n i. ].r. tw.i only source for the drinking v/ator ie;['i j.j:-iii,?n lr> • .J: ti.'.e vi- llages of Pen tap ad u liarnial. riie riv^u: waloi: curio:-; | heavy turbidity during rain s;.NU;OM . Tii sources for drinking water oi the vi'il.^ ;es . O.IVJ in vi- llage tanks which are feu by '.iio rivur water through canals otc • Those tanks servo ..is - : quantity oj: water but also serve I ^r t;.e ;.a:el i.. iln, iry I plain sedimentation, Jy this, the lond ^ei:.s !i •]! .teiujd on the subsequent process of I: Ll tro.Lio'ii ( ; } o:i slow sand filters etc«) The Rivor/Con.il \;ator r'.s taM'.ip to 1 the village tatiJcs/ ife gettin,; j>ollute.i m-ilnly du'.:. to the Holasis of tlie chagallu oujar factory r ;L l; u a c ed at the Head of tlie Canal. Auoi\.'d t.j tisus .:J11 Lne canal banks in Lhe villaje lii.itr; <.u;e o':eu; > ij-d by the public with dwellinjo .JIIU ohuijighoLs LiiL-ei ;;i i..n j all the sewerage into tlie can-..'l oncl raaJcinj t!io wat.or unsafe. \ I 44 I Jo also some v,i the village <-••..: i\ir. '..>:e :; /TVOU i. J: the cattle £or their drinkinj and cleaning ;:UI puses. Uul of late in enthusiasm to ear n money :fv'o: the villa ,o retirements, the tanks are le.\i:;o!,i oat:, !;• >r 3 v.'oi:r, at a time, for fish rearing aijti irriyat.u;i:i J cial purpose, arid the water oZ i:i >.e;v;ii tani;:..;.!.:.; ^e polluted due to the feed ow>lirK.i i:,.;r ti«.; ,-fj.. nh jrtjutli. f The ;iistrijJUt.jries/ caaiun.-i.:; BIK<. tli j load oJ: drain to the tanks are oft^n uui > j -joted to fiol'i sur- plus also especially uuriJJj rail v uoauon. 'i'h'.: field suri^luses/ drained into the water courses :;ince con- tains chemical pollution a:P the cro,> i;iannuron ;..ind fertilisers, the plain sed.u u;ii L<)K .i. on •nr: 5; xi;ij. .•• 3. • • fil- tration has become out oi: question and liMice to en;.;tire potability bactereological and chemical treaLiiieut \vi& become quite essential. Further, the cattle pop". 1 : !•.ion ' i:; iiau:. to liepend on the village LAIS Scheme at the Ryot:; ..u: : not allow- ing their cattle to villaye tank:; for £eor of adverse affect on them ana therefore they are inclined £-..,>]: the water froi.i the i.-'.vS dcheiae. This is creating increased load on the system of distribution ment f. r ti cunsuniption only, and not aesxcjneu for tlie Polluting the waters this uay is criminal and requires sterneous action by the authorities concerned or by getting a legislation if need be. The ground water in this area (< alamost all tin..; delta area) though potential, in no!; i>ott-ibl'_- aue to brackishness of water even at 11:.-. Lie oopLhs -av.\ Vnora- fore the public.: depend on surface water impounded in the tanks. All the X',UJ Schf;i-ios in this .'.'an:(>,.! •'•"'.'. pj.'ovi-'cv.i with slow sand filters, uluii:, >n-; -1 i.sLr i! M.I l.;e-n w< ••!;-'. "..r;:. covering alaiouL exit ire main vili -,-;•;'„ : i 45 f ... : :•.:. i'ho Uau.i. L.v.-.t'.'n\'J uiiich .'i.o r-Xtuat:;d at ^ :X-!. !.;.••••.; ifj-» .n.,{j ; :jiiort of fiull c IVJJ.TI ,(.:• uiid-.M. tho yi.11, • ,; :• • j< :h'M" L ! to pj. 'JSJSU .'.. V,J uroi) to eKt'.j]i:.iioi i o. ,;i:.>'•;•;:; !•. :i-',;>: 1'<:'..'1,L- TUt; c--vital cost::.; o.!.' bi'/:; scli uies ;rc : !;:.JI.L'• 1 iUU J.'Lpo.da 2 ,'•''• r U\.!<") liucluiiuru KorniuiLti iiavi piuiu i;rattip iuicher la Chintnpa111 iJar.lr.ip.nrru ^li apur am. j,/~l. forn\a:\CiJ as - \: <\y <:.[ > :• •>. !:•.'•?. ^s inc Reasons. : I:lie schtJiKj.'j nave Ijeen e.l :ui I. r: day and for <.J hours in a day ;.'.;!>.•: f:'jr vjlil^i' 1LJ_ IIA.M\\::. o;: puiDping to tUe filtur:, o\\<.\ ':.] >M v ^.'.'••'-.? >••!:?..•> ••'•'. ,-UI\^.VJ c tiiG Uiioii han bi'cn C'jiit;.:.ii-ij.-vl'i7! !".r.;d . i'lv : <:.: > '• ': '.':. / r)J" ti;e OIISRti and filters OI.T1 :;-:it:i.:; f':, iivj t.ir ivcc.-.L"uiTio t'-.- tii :i. r; fli^; j:.i.ii'!piir, .i.:: in Lv.'O ;;j[H:!;;( IJ'.TMU! oiid evcjiuin j £ £ r ii.il lit) ; t' (:1M.' MLili, v:i>i.<:ii !.• I r u t i, 11.'.! -, !. 1 k • -• I. • - , Hi' 1 tli-.- daily d^i.uaid, and tu-. l..»t<:i. •! h')',i.. :., i. .••, : - n?; ' ir- •.i.istribution from the CP..K ti'1.,; .IUI.^MM i. • i • •' h-/'irr,j and dis tribution ir> £01: 4 liom..'.; in ••"K':i r. i. r;.. \ ,, / • In practice/ these Parameters are not Please see the statement at page 36 it reveals that the pumping is limited.to; not more than 8 hours and the distribution ranges ;£rorn 40 minuts to 4 hours only depending on the; population and water require- merit of the villages. The distribution period is though very short, the Public have not expressedj^ any disatisfaction but pleaded for some more pe_riod of delivery to easen the rush at tine s Land-posts. Their requests appears to be reasonable and requires due consideration. This can be sorted out by provid- ing double taps at every stand-posts, by increasing the diametre of the service pipc;s to 20 aim diameter instead of 12 nun pipe provided, it is also required that the service pipe to tliu Puolic stand-post should be of 20 mm dia to deliver 20 liters in ca minute as against 12 nun which delivers only 6 liters p,;r ..li (i-lease see the calculation actachad.) Vho head now considered in uysiyniny iu only 6 ...utvjrs on the ground level. The height of tho ^iiti:^-po:;':. and plat-form height if deducted, thu rosi-.ual h...:ad would be only 4.5 meters on the tap u-jliv _ry point and this does not give the discharge of 2u litore required of. i>o for design ^£ pipes il i.; ro 'irevi s the minimum residual head of 6.0 luL-tau '.)v,.-'. tiiv ta,/ delivery point + height of .:. 0 i;u;tei v> i:...... L; li-ii'.i-.poat v;ltli dual plat-form, laakes upto ii.O ;;ij.i: .1; • . .ui> addition the loss oi' head in service- pi. • ;j,io>.i.l^ also b^ added as ttm s liaild-pua cs, aro aiaiy t.j Lin..: :ui ..>ly mains by about 10 meters ..minimum uu 3v i ,•;•.:. L ..i s maximum This aspect needs oe tal;en into ULjiioiuui atioji and change, thu Paraiueter v;itii ttigurda L J dio minimum re- sidual head. ^o also the arrangement ^1 puol^c stand- post which dual plat-form, as appended may be consi- dered as it reduces thu rush and tension posts during pead period. /• ' 0 ^ id '.fay 10 '0 L\" OBSERVED DATA SUPPLY OF.FINE SAND AND COURSE SAND FCR SLOW SPUD '. "VOTERS FOR CPWS TO CHINNAMARUR AND 35 OTHER VILLAGES OF GUDEM N.A.P. DIVISION KOLLLAPUR. & •' ; Observations are nade in the presence of Executive Engineer Place of Quarry! Buggavagu at Kommireddypaily ©n NH7 Total lead from site .90 KM Quantity of sand collected 88.50 Cft. (2.5CCura) No. of labour engaged 1 Man Mazdeor 1 No. .' ;"> W#man Mazrf««r 4 Tine: loAM t* 6.30 PM *n 7.6.1989; A Qaantity *f Raw Sand »f 2.50Cuni (ae.SOcft:) was c«llecte4 and was allowed t» dry with the help of labour f»r screening f»r fwr times, tw* times t» get cwrse sandl •f grain size l.OO-li'4 mm and tw« times t» get fine> s&nd •f grain zxnrt siz« 6t?2a a) Quantity «f sand passed through l;4mtn size seive «ut «f screen«d Qty, «f 2 Klt683cua ^ (59-50cft) b) Quantity mi sand retained »n seive »ut «f screened Qu»ntity«f Cs9.a0.rft; i;« Quantity »f caurs* *and c«ll«et«d 9 0^233 turn c) Q»antityt»f sand passed through Qv3»n V size sei*e »ut »f screened Quty.l,4Ocub •=. z U3 ; d) Quantity »f 3 and xetainld «n ofl .cum " . size seive «ut «f screened Quty Oi'llScum m 0,ll3Ecuia XQty.af use ful sand « cturse snad + fiae sand 0.2-0. Amcunt involved f«r c»llecti«h «f 0.396 cu» useful snad i.eS*N»s Mantnazdoers and Woman V rs. 70/- c»st mi fine xn*d and course sand • 70 Hence initial cost of both fine XNX sand and snad may kindly bo approved at Bs.176/- per cubic • . • •••.r'.-p EXECUTIVE ENGINEER, PR.N.A.P. KOLLAPUH. ,./8? )• i 48 1 The plat-forms at different heights may eliminate unnecessary lifting. It is observed that the stand- posts at the tail end is not getting enough water with pressure and there by the beneficiaries are in- dulging in removing the post and sprout and digging pits to the underground pipe level and trying to collect water from it. This is causing contamina- tion to the'flow of the water in the pipe due to back siphonage of polluted water from the pit with the fall of pressure in the supply main pipe. The reason for the pressure in the supply main is evi- dently due to Mouse Service Connections given in- discriminately on the line and also the indulgence by the house holds in digging the pits to the level of the supply main to .tap more water . The rtlaoiijuramFanchaya t is supplying water to poultry Farm also and the supply is not motered and therefore every scope of drawing water excessively.' i»o. also the -'rathiapdii P-ariChayat is sup..,lyin , yatar to certain factories for their needs. As i'^^araii the quality aspect trie surface water i;a- ^ounded in a tar,,; is tha source for the waur 3U- ,>_->lv sca^^s, &n^ therefore these taiL;s sh;;j.la oe \;ell protected withouc any acceas for t.s J.JO^I^. i;\ cas^ of breaii^Oii of tiie *-.J3 ocriei.it:, it ^s nc- c-iLj^ary t.> provide facility to draw water Jran tii-^Svi tanks anu for thjt small uia draw "wells at: op.vf.i'ni^nt places raay be ^ruviaed adjoining the j ura\. \;a"c^r fr-:a the bunU LJ,I it^eii. ^i.ait ^r..;ve.i:3 polluting t..u tank \.&z.;Z oy tii^r puolic. i.io ca.^cit-.' of L..; Callus should aljo be incr<~^^..•- -.: ..J!.. a^l ,d^-; 3 ...ufifui r^;;uir^- : ..LUiits. It en^olc-s for ;yl -ii: s^-^LOi.'ctatiJH as oy '•:.:-^.;-in^ the s-^..-.~n. •.;ai,jr fjr lori_..^r ,• r_O'...s. ozciz siphona^e of trie conta;.^n«ted water iihrouoh l^c- / c^lorxiiotion is a must Uit this aspect is not ^ivdij. a serious thought and ^rop-r arrai^e-aiint to get the recuiire chlorine mixc.-* to tue wa^ir is not pone at all. It.' is informed by the ->s_.iirti.:eiit /that arran^er.ients are uein- iuade to fix c^ioriiio- tion in pursuance of the instructictions of trie Chief Engineer, some of already received ana fixing them in vlace position ;;ill be done very shortly. However, it should oc ensures the regular chlorination is ca^rieo ouc and tested daily as to tae residual cnlorine. It is also ne- cessary that whole system of Qistributiwi; is ais- Ga,"at the time of cofraEiiasioning of ^ae scii^i. and also once an year atleast anc- fcr every tinie ial er any damage or leak of the pipe is repairecl. It is observed that the distribution cf v;6ter is not at all regulated. The sluice valves provided to regulate the flow to various lines, are not ope- rated resulting in excessive flow to the lowlying places and depriving the pressure on high areas. It is also noticed that the valve chambers are bu- rried under the roads as if there is not purpose with them and for this the department should be blamed for allowing raising of the road over valves and not operating them to regulate the flow. 8.3 adequacy of services: Quantity/regularity/convenience/ user satisfaction/level of utilisation/traditional sources. The traditional sources are canals and tanks fed by the River water. These sources are getting contaminated[for some reason or other as detailed supra/ the Public; now depend on the piped water supply scucnes, not only for their drinking out also for washing cloths and even for the cattle. So the adequacy of service is not at all satis- factory, though the user did not reveal it openly. The duration of supply through i?S2- is very very little and thereby all the families do not get equitable snare of water but this is not felt by then as the house holds which got service conneo- tion to their houses are oblising their neighbours to take water fro;a their taps since the su. ply is not met erect.. So, people dissatisfaction for not getting adequate water could not be assessed. The users are under the impression that, the watar su- pplied through taps must be safe, without verifying whether or not the water has b^en treated properly. They see only the difference in colour for the water aiiu it is enough for then if water appears clear, to take it whole saine. iiut in. reality, as observed, Ci.o.r.ical treatment- is uuich wanting and the filtra- tion is not su effective. . . .• JUJ .to private house connections short uuration or supply through public stand-posts is gven, rasult- in-._; iii not orin^ing out the public froai. us in--; the tri^icional source, ho;;socvar pollutoa, it is, to i.i vo'c c:^ii .iiouse hol^i require.^.eiits. • ^.s enc.uirea as to c.:-^ ti..iin.jS ana adequacy of supply, the pub- lic say, it uoulu be raore convenient to thera if the supply is. raaue available all through the day or a-least froir, morning 5° Vlock 9°cl^ck and in this «v.,ning 5 clock to 9 clock as it •\;pul^ hGlp them, froia stcauiny in cues for their turn and also un- necessary st-.ring or water e.:c ;ss .i t..,.^r raruire.. • 51 I This requires carofall study/ as supplying xz to as short period has no reason, when the distribution is supposed to be for 4 hours in the morning arid 4 hours in the evening, when 4 tanks full of:water is made available. If the pumping to th--j OHSR is short, the duration of supply may vt^ry propertionably. As veri- fied by us, the excess consumption by the Private House Connections and wastage of water through leaka- ges J.s only^ the reason, for exhausting the supply in short period; This aspect is got to be verified' and chocked, wastage of water through leakages in pipes and spillage at the tamp points upto maximum 20/i coula any v;ay be there and the wastage beyond, the £oove percentage is atributable to the illegal draual of ' •water by the private house hold connections.. This can be detected if the sluice valves provideu at ev^ry junction of the distribution pipes are properly operated and the valve are opened to the extent of ''•"' disctarge required for that line. In view of the surface water getting polluted, time uas come, to necessarly take into c^nsi-^ration for cattle population also for drinking -^t .: purpo- ses and norms r^fixed for Rural water, su-.^ly projects or the tanks hither to used for cactle should be re- stored to the cattle and they are protected from the fish feed as it is polluting drinking water of the tank. The fish may be left free to grow in cheir natural way in the tanks. These may be revenue reuuction in auction sales but there would be re- duction of load on public water supply. out study reveal that the public feel con- viuent v/ith the protected water . supply for the reason of avoiding fetching of water from a distance and 52 eliminate the necessity of engo^in-g laoour at heavy cost. It is also rvivs-it^ci that tnere wer^ oocations for them, especially in summer months to purchase water from the vendor and this expenditure is saved £ due to the P'wS Scheme. But the whole soreness o£ v/ater is realised by the affluent section of the society only and not by the non affluent class. So, the non affluent class should be,educated in this aspect to realise the importance of drinking pota&le water. Functioning and maintenance o£ Hand lumps. There are no bore well hand pumps provided in this area as the ground v/ater is not potable. Some villages have filter point hand pumps*. They are shallow in depth by maximum 10 metres. There f il- tor point Viand pumps have oeen ^rovided to mitigate during the scarcity periods. But these type of wells cannot be provided in all the villages due to bra- kishness of the'' sub soil water, j-ven in tixe areas where this filter point hand pumps are provded the v/ater in drawn from the sub soil, • which is "accessa- .ble for pollution of nitrates. Ramachaiidrapuram is one of the village, where t;.e village is fed by these shallow filter point bore wells. The people are satsifieu in this syste;.. even though Mini PWS Scheme is sanctioned to them to bring >• tliem potable water from dis tance. It is enough to the village if some more filter point bore wells are provided at convenient places, but hygenic point of view it is not acvisable as the soil water is •subjected to pollution from the ground, more so when the village is surrounded by the -v^riculture fieius. These filter points are also not permanent •' e s -.-ey will have to be changed fqr every 2 to 3 '• years due to reduction in the yield from the bore' and rusting o£ suction pipe and "wear oi the pump head . I 53 I L>O, since the village in suall, the iu\iS Schemes as sanctioned, is only-the ;way--to ensure potable water to the puolic. s enquired, as to the functioning of hand "pump bore wells which are in upland area, it is given to understand, that there is 3 type,system in opera- tion with one Dy.Executive Engineer (I&5) to look after the entire district with 2 mobile tea:us for major repairs of the hand pumps. Liach habile team connects cf (1) Driver -1, (2) Cleaner -1,(3) ..echa- nic -1, (4) Mechanical Helpers -2 ana (5) Kason -1, and for minor repairs the local suc-divisions are taking care of. Hand pumps are situated in two uivision areas only (oe.,/ ^luru and Kovvuru division,s where as, tl/-2 their division (ie.,) liarsapur, do not have any bore wells as the area depend on surface water only. There are 1019 bore well hand pumps in liluru division area and they are 8 regular mechanics and and 11 1JKR lucchanics to attend on repairs to pumps. Their salaries and cost of spares are met by the State. There is no matching_ recovery froia the Gran Panchayats for the maintenance of the hand pumps, where as in the other Telangana districts recovery is made from the Panchayats. There is no scope for this Corrariittee to study the functioning and mainte- nance of hand pumps, since they are situated in che other sub-divisions. However, as enquiries reveal there is no systematic record maintained either in section office or Kandal office:to Konw the working of the hand pumps, the expenses, for.for spare parts, the number of bore wells condemned for some reason' . or- other (viz) pump pipes stuckup. in/the bore and therefore bore becomes useless, collapsing of bore. .. etc., It is better some inventory of bore'wells functioning is maintained. The following proforma may be considered to know the history of hand pump. ! 54 ! m . ' f P R U P Q R K A ... Register of History of hand pumps Wa.ae of the village/Grain Panchayat Locality Pump No. Type of Hand pump Date of. err action <-»epth of the bore v;ell is v/ater level. Leii^ti; ,yr auction pipe. Spare parts Cost of sixre part Rei.ia of repairs. Mo. ciiangeci. quantity, ilate* ^i.iount rks. (if the bore/ is con- ueiumxl it may be in- dicated if they arc sub -s titu- ted. 8.5 Functioning and maintenance of piped systems: • / nil the iJti3 Schemes are not- functioning to the expected : . norms for the quality and adequacy of supply for want of • required "finances. The maintenance also is not effective for want of personnel to attend on timely repairs. . . Regular chlorination is not done with the required bleaching powder. The ordinary bleaching powder/which is more common in this market contains about 25c/i to 30/i of chlorine and this is-quite unstable and looses strength during the storage and its exposer to the sun and light. The water shoulc be tested to fix-up the dosage of the chlornie ana not on prorata basis for the quantity'of ' water to be treated." There must be %/2 an hour contact period for the chlorine "and adequate chlorine is re- quired to be mixed to get 0.1 Q.2j« of the residual chlorine. The practice is to mix the chlorine in the - clear water sump for soae schemes and in the GhSR in su.ae other schemes. This is not effective as, in either of the case/ there is not much contact period. Better1 to go in for automatic injector modal__appearaters which are now available in the market. It can be fixed in the pump house, to the raising main. By this arrange- ment,, the chlorination with the required chlrine quantity out also gaining sufficient contact period. Better to go in for automatic enjectur modal apparatus which now available in .the market and fix it in the pump house to the raising main so that chlorination gets done not only to the required strength/ but it enables sufficient contact period before discharge takes place at the tap point. The bleaching powder required for annum should be calculated and indicated in the annual maintenance estimate well in advance/ and connunic.ated to the ^ram ijar.chayats to get Administrative approval. • • • 1 i • J • ' . . • • . :.. .here is amen t say cibout the filter :;iedia sand : 1 or _::,.: £i-ltui^. ^'h:. :.;.j.nci UL.>...I is short or tL.,e required specification, 'i'ny contractor, it appears/ is guided by the rates given for collection of sand and screening;, in the approved data of the department, according to the data/ it is enough screen ing is done once to get the required specification. But it is not s.) easy to gat the samirequired specification, AS observed elsewhere in i.ahaooobnagar district screening is required for 4 ti;;^ and the recovery is only 20$. The recovery may vary a little from quary to quary. But, unless 5 titties of the quantity required is collected and 4 times seived to trie specification. The estimate should provide for it the field officers should find out by test/ the percentage of recovery that may be possible to get; before indicating the quary in the estimate. The contractor will also learn the process involved to get the material of the given specification. This aspect needs consideration. A copy of the observed data is enclosed to learn about the percentage of recovery. AS observed effective £iIteration is not uone. The sand filter media is.disturbed whenever choking of sand has taken places and whenever reduction in the rate of filtration is noticed. The top layer for about Vy'2 Cm should be scraped and then sand is renewed to that extent. This way the sand media can be scraped for about 30 Cm depth before the. sand is replaced with fresh sand or v;ith the sand washed out. In no situa- tion the media should be disturbed, whereas, as obser- ved the entire filter media is disturbed and replaced fresh sand. This action should be discouraged as it is not only .expensive but also kills the micro- organisms which help for formation of a film over the surface and by which_tuS Pathogenic bacteria is killed while filtering" the water. I 57 I 1-Teseiitly slow sanu filters are in vogue. Though they are easy to o^^rate best expensive in maintenance. ^or rural water supply, especially for nan-notified i.tm- chayats* it Is enough pressure filters are provided as they do not require much filter media and back washing periodically at short .Intervals ispossible without re- placeing the sancl. Besides much laoour is not required as these is no scraping etc./ operations. One pump operator car; handle every this required fur the back v/ashing. The only difficulty with pressure'filters is it is not effective in removing the high turbidity. In water supply schemes with furface water li;co the . schemes in Pentapadu mandal the canal water is not directly pumped to the filters. There is .5.?.ran3c to improved, the canal water and by which plain sedinientatic takes place in it before this water is pumped to the filters. The same holds good for .mechanical filters. In addition, tae mechanical filter unit consists of^a seperate alum mixing arrangement, .it the most it re-" quires peridie painting to prevent rusting of the body of the mechanical filter. It is, in fact, a substitute to the tiapid Sana Filters, '^he conventional rapid sand filters are costly in initial out la/ and the mainte- nance also expensive. *a 10ther type of filter, which ~ia in use in Netherlands, for small wajter su.-plies, is worth trying here. It is called CLARIBLOC filters. It appears, it is not costly in construction and in main- tenance. . In all aspects it is a Rapid .iand filter without an OliSR required for back washing. iir.Kana- kachalam, the Dy.Executive Engineer of ti"Le Chief engi- neer's Officev has. acquired knov^ledge about it and possassed literature in it, when he had been, to Ketaer- lands- for a course study on. water supply. lie may be •••.•_, consulted whether" it is possible here to develop that unit with the local materials and with overall less cost compared to tcie slow sand/rapia sai-.d filters. ! 58 ! If found to be feasible for our circumstances and ecjnoiiiic in construction ana maintenance, it is worth to try for it. The .slow sand filters now in adoption, declining rati-i of filterate is considered arid thereby more area of filter is provided. The declining rate is taken with ti.e idea of not running the filters continuously to suit to the availability of electricity and to create rest for the pumping plant. In order to attain uniform raz-3 of filtration the water height over the filter mecia should not very much and so also there shoula ;not be ai.y fluctuations in • loading the filter. There is a.n.cth r disadvantage that may arrise with the declining o£ water load. The micro organisms that are required for formation of a film over the Media to prevent the bacteria, gets killed for want of water as their servi- val 'doponds on 'the Oxizen in the water, further with t..e direct pumping it is not possible to maintain uni- f.r.a rate of flow in loading the filter. It is.always s;:ij ciiu easy, the filter is loaded by gravity flow a,- with no o^erati^n of valves by gravity system, the filter runs continuously and iience taere is possibility oj; increasing t:>j pumping hours from the sump to OU3R to ta-^w tue'demand of increased populat-io-n» or increasing the -j .i" capita aei>ic.;;a of the users. 3y continuous flow of fi".terate, the area of the filter gets rouucSd and there -• .iio cost of construction of the filter 'with tne s .:•.••/••-njs goc due to the reduction of ihe si2G of the filter a se^erate tank can be constructed to hold at- 1-rist one uays supply to feud to filter ^oy gravity. g to this one day capacity tank can be done cc;n- sly for short period' regulating the pumping race to our convenience. : besides there \dll always be ',-,; stora.jo wf \,'ator in reserve to £oc;/ oreak-own in pumping >•:-..; jt; not effect •..•iiir.'.-r supply. I 59 ! The practice of construction of filters completely•over tiie ground can be changed to affect economyV This propo- sals may bo got examined as it helps in reducing the operation of valves from time to "time and- maintaining unifomr filtration continuously. As regards personnel to handle the operations re- quired of/ for the PWS Scheme only one serni skilled ope- rator is put on the job with meagre arnmoluments. Tnls is the position wit hall the scheroes without exception. The Panchayats, as elicited by us /could not increase the a^molument nor could they employ any staff on full time basis "for want of finances on one siue and for want of orders of the authority (here this District Panchayat Office) on the other. /vs. far as the water supply os concerned, there should not be any problem as the water is basic need and raore so the sa£e water. It should not be dened to the public even temporarily for want of personnel to operate the sche.nes. This funds recjuired to maintain the scheme is elsewhere discussed and the resources to generate £ >nds is also indicated. To run the scheme effectively and efficientlyt it is required to employ the following staff as a basic minimum str^nyth for 16 hours of pumping. 1. Puiap operation I for 2 shifts. 2 i for running the pumps and o ,, ,„, , I maintenance thera» 2. Watchr.ian 1 » 3. Filter cum i Lineman. 11 inhere shouia be two pump operators oil equal ^rade/ so that the two can manage without interruption due to casual leave or sickness leave or holidays and rest. The watchman should work as :an assistant to pump operator, and as a sweop-ar ami as a watchraan. The•• filter c;..i line- /nan will loo^ after all' tho pipe lines anc* fittings stid v/ill attend to repairs fur 'which, he should be provided, assistance of a casual labour whenever necessary. It is i 60 ! al..uyG desirable to provide quarters t. the watchman atleast at the pumping station. kjr, ic is desirable to reduce the pui.^dny t^ 8 hours to be managable v/ith one pump 'operator only but thare should be one reserve operator for i>Oi.;o r'anchoyb Is tojvither and cost shared to attend on the work of ope- ration in case of absence of the regular operator. .. resently .loctrical power charges are born by the Go- vernment for non-notified i anchayats wuereas for notified - anchayats the converned Panchahat should bear the char- JGJ, 'i'he notified i-anchayats are feeling the pinch of the electrical charges •since it has bccoi.'ie iieavy to meet it v;ith their limited resources/ and therefore they are cautious in consuiuption of electrical energy. It is reflecced in p^rcapita usci of water, i'lease sue the state. iGnt at page-36. The usage for tViese 4 notified ^anchayats' i.s. 18.5 litres, for PentapadU/ 20.3 litres for fc*e;jt Vipparru* which is an exception since,; it is newly co'i.iiaissioned scheme and there is no inforniation about the payment of electrical charges. The percapita consumption in minor Panchayats ranges from 28 litres to 60 litres per uay. This increase is attributable ta the ex-\.iption of electrical charges"'for the minor panchayats. In the manual iaeeting conveyed on the request of this study team to discuss about the main- tenance cf the schemes, it has been desired that/ the major Panchayats also 'should be exempted payment of electrical charges on par with the minor Panchayats. The major expenditure in PWS scheme is for the elec- trical charges only and such is the position exempitng from payment of electrical charges may not be possible to the Government besides it does not encourage public . involvement, which is much required for effective ru- nning of the P.;.;.S. Schemes. In this regard/ the the Sarpancha of the alanrpur Panchayat, who is also - 61 - ..ho is also th- acting Mandal President h; s suggested to subsidise 50,:i uf 'the. 'electrical cost, as it h-lps a l:>ng way to ths Panchayat to . attend on other essantia. civic amenities. This appeals to be reasonable only •. i.f v.ater supply is limited through public stand posts only But, permitting private house connections is inj&itabl.* especially to the villages of notified Panchayats as s'^ villages attain semi urban chajactor in. inhafitents standard of living and therefore it is f;r the Panch-yal to find out resources to generate funds required for maintenance. Government may consider the suggestion vi* the Mandal President, if ti e Panchayat has no sources : ; income and the revenue realised from th . private i house service connections is verified to be inadi 4..':t . '-, The sarnj o.zy f or the minor Panchayats also as it ,.o..l'J h.lp in toning up the public participation in pr..-v ..* L iiic t.T,stage of v.ater and damages caused to the system by the miscreants. 8.6 Internal £• ^xtern-al'V.ator Quality rr.onitorinc: For this purpose, it is not v.orth v.hile to have • sppax-ate -ing in the Departments, ivhen there are o:h:>r Department exclusively attend on quality testing of .. Conto .. - 62 - o-.'-thi' source one-; tested *be>for*? comirdssioning, it is enough a water testirig field kit as c?eve loped by the Lab, Jodhpur is t/iven for every sub divn. £ work inspector is brained in testing the ,-,at«r .ith this" kit. He would work'in the sub-divn. under the Dy.c.c. direct and for eay today testinc, of residual chlorine, a chloroscop is civen for each of ths sch.iiio ind the pump op.orator may be trained to 'operate the chloroscope v ith the water ttstincj field kit supplied by th>? Defence, Laboratory, JGdhpur, th..- foil.-, ing chemical quality of ,;attr can easily Is dotrMiined at the- f-iald itself and the kit is handy to carry by the individual. l)Desolved solids 2)Chl-rid.v 3}MitritG 4)liitr«te. S. 5)fluoride. For Bacterialoc;ic:-l test also, this Defence lab has developed'and.patented. The section offic^u should include, in their .periodicals, th; information at.'out ,-nsurin^ of ; otable v A.E. attached to tL~ Mandal will have to verify the house service connections and their ,.o op<_.. upkeep. So also public stend posts and the pipe lino::, 0 ,buld furnish! the level of functioning of the schrnus for t n;andal revised and.for this there-.', should b^ an !'..;•.. or this in ^V'-iry revie,, meeting oit o Msndal. The'iMsr: 1 w ill f urnish a copy .:•;• tho review made by the I.andal 'al.-ot' th. level of functiorJ.fi.., ••,••" th,-.: d rinhin^ .-atcr systems o/ : villages to thy uy.'^.c., for his information and •'...•' ;, . folio up action if need be . Contd.. 63.. . . - 63 - . ^ • "B.7 Preventive and^Correctiv^e^maintenance: " " - Water committee with all the women .members of the Pane hay at and women members from Manila iY.ar.dal or a social worker and one active mal.: member, headed by the Sarpanch of the Gram Panchayat is required to bo formed exclusively to discuss about the functioning of the water supply. This Committee may take notice of any abuse of Ih e system by the public, immediately on occurence and take suitable action. The pipe fitter/pump operator sho. Id make visits alone; -Jrhe pipe lines very frequently as not only to detect the leakace but also to serve as a vi^il on the miscreants to play v.ith the system. He should ^lso Inspect the private premises to find out any indulgence by the house holds to create unhy^ene condition around -the tap etc. Contd.. 64.. - 64 - Ce n »• ••; ;1 _ E U? . c-,. s i o n $'. . . : In the pump room, distribution cys/Lin r^aps should be painted on ..alls. It should sho, all t'rw streets, water mains and sizesj location of valves stand pos\ s, and loca- tion of source of „round level elevated/tank; etc to locate easily any failure in functioning of t!.••:.• system, 2. Daily inspection of the ; ipe lines by t:,: plubmber/ pump opc.r 3. The house service connections should be- inspected periodically by the pipe fitter and report ;:n lawful actions of the house owner (viz) digging pits to dra.: mo-*? * ater and acting for hack siphonace of contaminated -ai .-...- collected in the pits, to th-: distribution system. 4. To insist on providing private stand ,osts" to the same heicht, as of public stand posts, v/ith .cdsstal raised suitsbly to pr: v.-nt excess fl'-w from the tap. 5. Double public stand jjosts. may ba provi.'.d and the s--.rvi.ee pipe-- to the public stand posts may b of 20mm instead of 12mm presently used and branched off v-ith 2 Nos. of 12mm pipes and fixed 2 Nos. of 12 mm ta.s to minimise the v.aiting period in fetching the water. 6. Self closincjtaps may b^ pj ovided f or all street taps ,: nd the same may be insisted even i or privat • ' i;s to help in miniiviisinc .the wastage of v ater, • . " Contd .. 65.. 7, PrfT.ently, t!.- house servirs connections ar ;.iv&n fro the strout main with th,- straight 12 MU GI ,ip- , ithout _OOS neck, Tha service connection should be of _oo$e-n£ck pipe o s j copp£i 0 brass and th < , should be stop CJCI^ !vox as sho^n below, >^s -•*—*—L-5TOP COCK £5OX ^--^\_) BRASsVflD** NECK PIPE ' MAIM 8» /^ tap need be provided at every school hrviny pucca building and other public institutions. 9, The ^ork oi house service ,connections :*.: j-.ttinr don© by a mason of the village who does not kno .' Lii:- tcchnic in fixing the fixtons. It is necessary to allo'. t^.thojised' plumber only for this job* 10. It is necessary to provde by-pass loot cr, the OHSH as shown belov;. By this arrangemibt, the elevated tank serves as balancing reservoir and all through out the < ur: SB^,D.s M.UICE VALV&3 By PASS LOOP B BALANCING RESERVOIR; 11, The i.holt? distribution system shouli b.; disnifected by tlTroucjh flushing at least once an year, or henver new pipes are laid or any portion of the pipe is x-opaired o: replaced with high dosage of chlorine as it would help b-v^adintj of worins of various sorts and leeches. The maintenance, estimate should include this provision as a special item. 12. Dead ends of distribution are found to have not been provided with scoon arrangement•,• It is necessary to remove the solids deposited at ends of the. pipes. Contd.. 36 i -66- .: •' 13. For the schemes of minor Pancbayats pr, ssure filters are convenient instead of slow sand filters <: s it avoids labour for scraijin^ the sand layer frequently at cost of heavy quantity of sand initially and .vhenva.:.: 'o replace it. Punp operator alone can handl? tl>; presurre filter operation. It avoids double pumpinc from the source to f liter and filter to ' ' 14. Since house service connections are not avoidable, per c i\pita demand rate of 70 may b- considered for future designs. This is required in coastal districts as th'a-suif ace watjr which is the only a/ailablo source, is <[ cettine contaminated and there is.no alternative source like bore wells hand pump-s is in Telane,ana districts to sypk lomant to meet the house hold demand. 15. In coastal districts i.lose bore ell h<-.nd pumps are not provided. Provision should b. there in P..S ;;ch, nio for c-^ttle con;.upption also. 16. whenever a tap is given f or thi- purpoz c other than residential houses, meters should be fixed ^nd changed accord- ingly to th_- ri^ti' fixed foi bulk consumption-. 17. Viith/ the expansion oi the electronic ii-sId automatic pick up motor starters hav-i come into thi ma..k. t. This avoids •constant attendance to watch pump to tak.; c-.. - o " tripping of the starters, v\hsnever thare is drop in . 1 ;c : ricity e tc., so sls^ a system has been developed t-> run the .'jni.s to the set number of hours in a day, as the arrsng rm->n :s .?,• tomat ically picks up to start the motor and keep it runnin_, until the set hours arv ov - r. This is vvorth trying as thos.. t-...o equipments are not co stly. . Cjntd.. 67 .. •-V" - " . - 67 - 13 4 Aenittinc, the pumpin_ for. 8 hcu_s ins ' . aJ of 16 hours I;- also <..oith consideration as by .- nri •'•:in^ i:h-.> samo, theie will not b-,1 extra cost, i.heri l.as- c ,£\ :'.i calculated A sp^cim^n calc...lation J' least cost , ip ."is-j, purcpincj trdnsmission line ci. project is ^rxlosed .'•••.. both ~. hours purri;••ino and 16 hours of pum^in^ for consi;.' - -^ tion. ,.hen ,_umpin^ is rcnii-'t.^d • to B ho'j.rs "'"' design pcranietr:. c-n b.- ii.rdted to ti^ i.rjs^n'.: .:o 1 ion iivJ for any inc::'-.:aso In po^'Lii^tior: pympin^ hoUi.-s c .p ' ..• inc. :asi>d. 9. fVij5'js..iGnt of Coi.uT.uriity Ljyna;.;ics in o/ll; 9,1 C.;r;co_.>t of C,r. in ^Ui. - Pleace r^iior VLWii Stu-ty- district Chapter-9. The areas for investigation here are: 1. Reaction tu water su^^ly - satisfaction/non satisfa- . ction. 2. awareness of water supply system. Its physical setting and functioning, 3. Avar^riess of benefits-impact. 4. Awareness of cost. 5. Jense of ownership - (Vanaalision ~ Sanitation) (finance -.decision maki This awareness is creates at the tinie of plarming^ construction and operation and maintenaiice. 9.2 Keecticn to water supply; The question audressea to the raembors co-miunities uas "nre yCi satisfieu with the water supply? if not why? The answers are tabulated below: The results are arrived at by ^roup discussions from 8-sections from a cross section of the village/Community; •lv elders Male ' - Female 2. Grauuates/ (High School). Male - Fema1c 3 . Youth Kale - Female - 4. SC people Male - Female ~v Are you satisfied with water Supply? SI Name of % : % not beacons for : Remarks Ho. village. Satisfied satisfied.- Won-satis- - / faction.- _ -".•-" 1. PentapadU: 25%, 75% . Short duration 20 mt^ps. W.S. • : 2. .Kudunuru 75% 25% Mo sufficient PSP. No PSP for SC. 3. Pararailla Nil 100% Wo filtration Raw wa- ter pump- ing. 4. K.i-'entapauu 75% 25% No sufficient 2 Colo- JT'S-.. nies - "nave no • PSP. 5...... ip.Jdru •25% 25" lio sufficient 2 Colo- PSP nies • _ have no PSP.' "-T 6. nac'aerla 25% 75% • ••••—*•- Wo filtration Raw wa- ter su- pply. 7. ^lumpurarr. 12.5% 87.5', J K'ara Mo. 11J o v.'ator at -• • i dP. 6 Ho • water. is. ;:av.^paau 12.5% ; 87.5,- No PSP. .Scheme not co- .iiiaissio- ned only HC given 9. i ieenavalluru 25% ' 75% No filtration Bw wa- Irregular. ' " ter* i Jo, Storage. 10. Koruriilli 75% 2 5% Hot sufficient duration PSP. of su- pply 45 cats. ..; 11. i;rathipaau . NA NA MA 12. iianjipadu 12.5% 87.5% Hot reiliable Filters , , • Not filtered. choked. The niost coi.iiaon reason for aisatisfaction is "not suffi- cient roP" This is .felt bacaose duration distribution i:S short and 50 £amilites do not g et sufficient titae to collect \:ater from a P3P. 1 .t-3^/50 families is for 8 Lour v,,,ier suppl '•^•..'^'..'.•'SSiOim of ..at-,;: :-:.'.: .•!• a.jO^cy ^;ia the Co;.^vanity.' hoarly all the , .-pit1 in the col..;;vanity hdve seen ^"u. location of tnc . ..;.J. kGao. '.:or3;s, '••iut vhen quGsticnju ,J Yes i^ Xes iTes "Zss - H"es i.o Mo iio 4 4 ;.o no :.o IKJ 1 7 .. ,:ra:..i.llti ;;O 2 o Ye .foC - C ^j iiO O 2 !!o 2 6 ,;o •', ,3 'in 4 ' o;i::.valluruYes I Jo lio iio 3 L> ICorunilli V^G iio io :,o 1 7 '. . ourjipaau - Yes i.o O 3 5 • -if ••,••!•, T . P.0 Generally people cio not ii^vo clo^r L^a ;i..jout ho:^ a 1 \.-CwOr sut,..ly system runetiuni'.- Peo^;l- aro 1.o^s a\:are -^iJJUt c:;e uesicn pcira^.titer^ lii:e c; hour uistrioution on 1 :^P/ 50 families or: 40 l.p.c.d., supply etc. V -1\ - 3. Awareness of benefits imp_qc_tj_ ...... 4-ie next question was "about -the quality of water and its"impact on health, uo you feel your/your family health has improved after taking water from the PWS? ; xes - mere J.J3 WJL JJrettiIJtJfci is nodifference No = 'Aiere - •Na.TtG Of ^lder Graduate Youth SC TO':rAL no. "village. M F M F M F 11 F Yes 'NO. l. l-'enta_-adu Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Mo No 5 3 2. Mudunur Yes Yes Yes No No No No No- 3 5 3. .R.VJ. FILTER NOT WO 4. K.Pentapadu Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 Nil 5. ./.VJiripparu - Yes Yes Yes Yes Ho No Yes SiTes 6 2 6. Raciierla ' . R.VJ. FILTER NOT WORKING 7. 'Alurapuraia Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No 4 4 8. RavipadU NOT COiJ-IISSiOH^iJ 9. I-ieenavalluru Yes No No No No No "No Mo 1 T 10. Koruaiilli Yes Yes Yas Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 8 11. PrathipadU FILTER HOT WOiaCINO 12. Monjioadu Yes Yes No Yes Yes Mo No tio 4 4 TOTAL: 64 • . 39 25 health awareness related to water is present but not sufficient. In people's consider ation the eary availa- bility of water near tasir houses is more prominent than health impact. The next quo at ion was du yuu h JVO aj*y i'...,^a ,io^ut t c.,:,... : o£ construction iirnU o/i-i of tae watur su.;, ly. ~JO you like the -•'.-•. icovoe niore house connections or .,.....,..:, ,; ;: "•re you willing to pay ror water? ( If s:i.-,yly is L.^ukr reliable) Si t::i:.ic of .iant iJant "'i. lliiv^ :;'ot willing i-Io. village -ore (noi-o to pay to ;jay. PSiJ ft.C. 20,- 2. i.uuunur 21.* Ij,. 23> 7j,» 100,* — 100;i 7JV. 25>, - 62.5, o. 50,. 25% .100,- 7. 100,. — 100>, 8. i»L'i . CO 7S;« 50,. 25l,i — 75/i 12. i^nijlpauu 75 a 25>i 71, ri 12. -. r at"a ipacfra -'[.o recuost for more --o-: is stronc,. This is becai»Je tl.o duration of water supply u short ^id P3AJ users are not oble to ^et enough watur. ''^h^re .are^-aqu-asts for house connections. The majority of people are vailing to pay for a reliable \/ater supply. '•Ally in 4 villages ie-., Kudunur, ileen&vallur / .iipura.-v aau i.aclierla, 25'^'ui: tac respondents could mention a r'Ljht figure about the capital cost of the scheme. In two villages only {Heenavallur and Alumpu 12.5^ ana 2S% of the respondents head any idea about o/bl costs of scheme. o£ ownership: A'O v.to;;i aoes the O.H.S.R. belongg? ^11 respondents rG^lieu that it belonged t- the Govefrnaent To Luhom does the. pSP beton^ ? . <*11 res-oncents feel that it belongs to the Graivi i-'anchayat To ;.horu does the house connection belong? All feel it lgs to the owner of the house. The sense of ownership o£ the scht^ne as a whole is not present in most of the people. 9 •3 COr-lMUHlT'-f COiJTROL uF o/M: for o/li of water supply: i.ho should manage the water supply in the village all respondents unanimously agree that the water supply t should be managed by Gram Panchayat. 9.4 _..-;G;-.^n participation: • • a • Since all agree that G.P. should manage w 'supply the women meinbers or the G.P. could play a special role in water supply? In 8 out of the 12 scueuies stuaied the women members were available for ui::C.:i;sion. while those corner) are not averse^ to the i~ea of taking responsibility for water supply^ "they f 2cl diffident for several reasons. One reason is tiidt many of th.j -J.P. ^.mibers are from ..-C/SC Communi- tiec. The : .ahila iiarieialD. ( if present) maTiijors are .i;'^tly from the FC Coiib. .unity. The following tajJle ohov;s this'.' • •- iia..io or Ho. of .activity o£ vi'.la. e, i . i . ..ahila Mei.ibers h'C FC in:., Clasc 2. . jjunuru 3 JC/iiC FC •1-...... J t a.:; ^viu 2 oC FC j • '•!. . r J- /_ 'dru 3 :iC FC 2 oC MX 7. ^lu.'.v- 3 i3G/SC FC s.: .IHG 3 LjCJy'BC FC 9. 2 FC FC ; j ip 1 JC FC ..j . i .1. i * v? J:.\ZI\::> activity iu. liraitod to sev;in^. /\ co^ibajiatiun of tao Hanila Hand a 1 and G.P. meinb-ers could form into a group and take more interest in water. supply and finally tarce responsibility for it.. The district women and child welfare office also, feels that they ecuId support such a group. The Sarpanches are not confident of uomen managing the water supply. Though they wil-l not pre^nt women if they come forwara to take-up O/H of water supply. P.R..£.^ . Engineers s.t district and sub-division level say t^at the Sarpanches must take more inteerest in maintaining the schemes, i^ural people taey cay are irresponsible, they waste water, break taps, hence they need to be educated (Dii - Ganapavara;n & Tau) The anticipated advantages of G.P. in V.'est Goda vari uistrict would be. 1. A more equitable uistrubition of v/at-i-r and coverage of fringes who still uepend on traai- t_onal sources. 2. 9.5 Constraints anu 1. Agent to proniote + Organise CP. is not. present at village level. 2. G.P.'s may resist sharing financial responsi- bility with C.i*. 'Institution. -Ik- 3. '-'..ru.•; the u..ji..>tjr class h^ve house connections C... . :nay not aj^oal to. thorn and like -o/aen's u.eraoersship in G.J. . C,. . loaders in the vi- > : . lla^e may not enjoy "status" ana nrauuully iivnlte C.J. . work an activity diaiynated f ,r tho lower castes. • js^iole institutions for Go:,irrvanit .ar t-i'ciy institution for :aanaJei.iant of o/i>; of water supply saoula be accountable to O.P. "he opinion to voint to the woman G.iJ. i/j^oers \;ao ca.i co-opt otner i;o;,.on/j-..;n in the village arid f ro:a a coii.iitt'je for l fiu the core o£ u i AjsewS.aent ..;•£ ^QGc-Uacy; o/ll i-'unus: 'i'ho r^^ular 0/M costs of i/i.s benches in .test Goclavari are: 1. oslary or Operator 2. o'ost of Chemical , 3. ^.u,,r'ilter iriai,ntenance - 2:et laceuient of sand 4. IIa;!or repairs - Motor. burning 5. i;J.nx repairs - replacement of taj.-.-s, lea'is etc., Gratioii 6^ J^ainter^ance ^Q^t : The expenditure incurred by the aif villages on operation d Maintenance is S..O\.TI below ( for on-*; year ):"•-. OPiJRAXIv.il ANMUAL 3 1 ; 1. i^entapadu 450x12 6ooo 5,400 2. Madunur 45Cxi2 5.400 1L25 2000 3000 1200 1342 3. i-ararailla 1050x12 12,600 1825 2000 3000 1200 2062 4. K.i'enta^adu 450x12 5,400 1825 2000 — 1200 KiiPT 1042 b . w. V; r i pparu 5 OOx 12 IN OP£AA'T/£>. 6, CoO 3000 6. Racierla 150x12 l,oO'J 1825 2000 — 1200 •zUiMd-; 7. ^luuvaram 450x12 00 5,400 1O20C 3000 ^ ° SO.OOO. B. ivavipaau ti Ib25 2000 — 1200 9. Meenavalluru 450x12 5,400 1825 2000 — 1200 iiX^i-T 104 2.' 10." K or u mi Hi 150x12 1,000 18 25 2000 — 1200 ^Jiui-T 682f 11. ^rathipadu • 45C 5,400 2000 ~ 1200 20,000 "15568 12. ^onjipaau 200x12 2,400 1825 2000 2500 1200 ii^i-u-V 992' 10.2 Tri.:i; . 1 wCO: ,£ FRO.. vJATrCR SUPPLY : ^rue only source of income txua water su.-ply is the down payuien-t and tariff froin house connection, and 'water ce^s in some villaae. . tariff for each scheme is shov?n below: si. ila.:it; of Total Down ^ate ••%;ini>al Remarks village. 11. Conne- pay- xariff. ctions. ir.ent. thly. t t ...1. Penta^adu • 600 500 O 57,600 i:ua-.inur 112 1000 10 13,440 3. ..'ara.ailla 132 200 6 9.504 — 4. .K.,ontalJaau 50 UOT FXXiiO 5 . ...,ri^aru 100 500 10 12/000 . 6. Racnerla 27 300 10 3,240 7. «la;vuram 245 1000 10 29,400 (L..2/-»f or L-. ^,n..v,llur ••'70 HOT i-iOT .:or.;,ailli 120 250 10 14,400 — 10. Pratlii^adu 144 200 10 17,230 11. Konj ipduu 06 500 12 12,384 — I 12. 75 500 iiOT Some G.Ps.y are collecting a orinking.;;ater cess as a percentage of House Tax. This .is. shown belo;:(1990) SI Maine of the .• • House Tax" " % -of House. ;"ty-ater cess Ho. O.i't ' demand, tax as deriinu •/•••'• • water cess. •' ' 1. Hadunur . 6702 12 804.24 2. Alampuram 34109 25 8527.25 3. Korumilla 5312 25 1335.00 In i-Jalgonda district th^j && 1/- grant (population to uia.n Pancaayati from ^overiunent is d^auced -for repair of H'.^. xn West ^ociavari oistrict this is apt done and the grant goes to the ^raia Pa;jcaayat. ^nis grant could be spent on water supply? i.any villages also have coconut trees .grown on the tank Dunds in the water head works compound which are also auctioneu out, These also could be reserved as income for water, supply. Thus the income frorn water supply comprises of:- 1. Tariff fr^ra house connection 2. water cess (>., o£ house tax) 3. Auction of fish in S.S.Tank. 4. auction of fruit trees on tank bands and near pump house. 5. Ke 1/- grant from Government. "very village in west Godavari has also a village "Co.itruon Good Fund" this is not part of G.^ . Accounts. This comes from items like 1. Auctioning of i-auciy weighing rights ythen paucy in sold •'•'.' ••'•'• " •• ::. Auction of Fish tanks (not in the control o£ «J..-.) 3. Fine imposed and collected etc. , There is- also a co:.v,.itteo to ae'.-.inistur this Furr). fund is used for village festive lo or other vi llirje needa i\ L ercor^tage of tne runa coulu be set a_.art £03? water supply? This co^.aittee .-resident shoulu be co-opted to the water ca.,,,.ittee. 0.3 AQ:;: 1 r.istration o.£ 13:at_er_ _supply_ t'und . If a co.Tununit : participation co;:iaittee is xgani- sed in thu village/ the funas shoula be e.a..ii:-itit'.?red by thiii cotMftiittevJ. The co.Ciitteo should be niaae accounta- ble to -3.P. Thfi sources meritioneci aoove i.io.y no:.: be ^ui: fie lent £^.r o/M of water iiu^ply. -'here are . soiao cu,_.^;>atio:is to i..crease income. 1. Increase the tariff for house connection to IS. 20 - 30/ per month. 2. j-very .-.dult isi.oalu pay Ks. l/- r.ignth for ;;ater supply 3. -very ration card hO'lder t^ pay us; 1/- each tiine- ration in pu:.chased/every i,;onth. 4. government to subsiaise? Ability and "Willingness tg_._i:;av^ . The survey shows that when, asked' people respond that they are willing to pay. •> 11.1 .'vIjLi.. •'•-<•'.V..M *.;•, !_•£' A.J-J I .TCCHMICAI, . , Th^ technical aspects o£ O/M are to be inana^ou by tae i- .R.-^.J. # (Haridal level ^ngiik-ecr) ana the o/M Coi;irni- tt^e. Panchayati i<-aj Engineering i^epartraent should mo*. nitor / prepare o/i-i estimates* prevent in tirae major break aowns arid the cay to uay rnana^.,-;r».2nt will be attended to by operator advised by uater comrnittee/cji". II. FIK'A Local resources aoove may not meet the full 0/H expenses of the water supi)ly. Hence financial ass-stance/ subsidy frora the Government will still be needecl. The Government through the i.anaal ueveloptuent officer should assess this ana y.rant subsidies to G.t>. rhe financial responsibility of G.P. ana Government should be fixed v/ith no space for bargaining/o III . The G.p. administration is supported by the district •"anchayatjL Qfftcer. Hence the' o/M funcs adiidnistratipr. also can be supervised by the district fanchayat Officer. The u/l-l personnel also are controlled by tn^ district Pai^c^ayat Officer. IV".. CprJ-JJHxTv x-^aTIClPATIOM AIJJ The support agencies for these aspects are the village i>evelo^i.rent Officer from t-iandal *Jevelopnent office/ the iaulti purpose health Worker from the J..ii.ii.O. Office trie i.ahila Mandals organised by.. thS iipruen and Child Wel- fare department/ and N.G.O. • if present. The V.D.o. can co-ordinate these agencies at the village level and H.D.o, at the iiandal levels • ii: ...cese:^ none b£ these "agencies get involved in water supply c.roble;,is in the village level. There is no c o.-_. or i..«-.i nation between P.k.iJ.^j. (li.w'.s .) the jJ.i-i. t>: H.O., t..s "OU'ILJH C; chilli welfare Departments. i Tl:.^ ^LL:.-,.^'I0:i UF U/M R'IUS. CKJI.J ;r,JCIL-J..:CAL.: "' 1. J ..D.O./P.ii. ,i.J. (.laixial ^n^ineerj- Konitor support 2. o.P./Committee - operator - Day to -<--./• ii. 1. GovarJ.raent/i-i.^ .0. / - oubiiidy 2* J.i-'./Co..ii;iitt.-ie - ticoilxsation Hi . - iionitor / -taff - I Co...rait tee \ y' to iJaY XV. CCJ.MJNXTY PaUTICIrViTIOII I^ 1. I-..J.O. - Cc-oruinate 3. u.ii.K.O. - K.PoH.Vii. - health Education 4. women'£< Child --elfare - iiahila Manual -i.O. - ••A - 12 S !!•!• P OS1 Wi&T GODAVARI DISTRICT Technical Financial Administra- Co, .munity tion, participa- tion. 1. w.3.duration 30 G.p.Income Mas Executive Hahila Man- D mts . PS P.. Below : 75 0901 Officer & dal Youth - grouna level, wa- Staff has bye- Group VDO + 9 ter tested in 1990W.S., ) 57600 laws f jr W. S. i-:PHW can iiot sufficient operator-Offi- organise quantity. 'ITJ ce building. 0/ii t.tee. 2. .^.S.ijur afion 2 G.P.144805 Full time li&hila Man- hours. PSP not Income clerck Opera- ual enougti^not vV.S. 13440 tor . Has bye- D bested. laws for ",S. can orga- in— office build- nise 0/M z w.Cess 804 ing. Oo;,,ittee. .A . 3. '.1,3, dur at ion 2 G.P. Full time Kahila iiar- hours. kaw wa- In- clerc"/;- Ope- -al H ter pum coaici 88 990 rator. No VLJO + Mi'ri.< chlorin bye-laws. can orga- not tested. In- Office buii~cT nise O/i-i come 9504 ing. Committee. . t • j 4. • *.j.uur ation 3 J • *r • Full time i^ahila iian- 1 hours. .L'iOt SU- In- clerck Ope- dal. come. 9^547 rator. Ho, fficient ! v. ,S. by e-laws» can or^a_- tested. In- office buil, nise O/M come. — ing. ).,;aittee« Vechnic,;'. financial n.:.:.,in:btra- •'!. X Oi" 5. .,' * •:.'> . ...'• i IT ii - .-ufi i hour. 2 c ;ionifjs no '..'ct'jr- - oJ not OLiO. 199102 r at ...a* hai; 1 nise •_••/!• H come. 12000 office *juilL- ,«. S .oui••„.. tion 1 ;;,P, executive nffi- iiah'ila hour. ; ui.ios In- cer otaiif u Coe- vandal, attaehua to come.370906 rator No bye- VDO -i-IiH-u connections -Ta^s .:.S, lavjs-cffice . i-oo^l^ ^is- in i i'.3. Ho water .In- buildings. illutsioned in 2 v'ar^s. corae. 2J400 difficult 1 ...Cess.8527 organise, ...o.auration 1 G.£J. i'ull tiiae liour. iio filtra- In- clerck Cje- i.anaal t x on - I'.J aks . ^i ^ conev 96879 rator. lio no t Tu i ic ti on al. >;.S. bye-laws. ca cr .^ci- Hot t-jstGd. Incofae "— nise. o/i-i .ii! at tee. 45 G.i-1. Part time kahila ilan mts. i'jiJ not su In- clerck ope- dal. VDO + fficient, lio co'iiie.' 42359 tator. Mo bye-Mi'Hu' chlorination .s Vi.'S. Laws-off ice b i-iot tested. Ineome.14400 building. 1335 v. .j.uuration 4 5 •J.ij. d::ecutive Offi--i.ahila Kan- mts. one filter In- cer staff ope- dal VuO + ch&ckoa. y2 'vi- come.380915 rator. Has MPIlW Ljeo-iJl« llage tisis no i-i .3 . bye-laws . w.S. .disillu- H water, ^jjot testea in- Office build- sioned di- corae. 17280 ing. fficult to organise. 10. w.5.duration 2 i-art titae 'Kahila hours. 1'iiters .in- clerck faulty. Intake come. 69045 operator VDO + MPHW blocked. office build- can orga- In- ing. Now bye- nise C'/M- come. 12384 l:aws. Committee. 12.2 T :i.niic^L ^iUPi-'Ol-iT 1 I""-" 1- If "• "r f ^ GO,/r _ ... Xi JL/PJ.'OV.T ••••;• —* K .D.O. * O/M •j \ - -^ • ? CpwiH- i—> 1- .xriiJTi^v L'lVii ^UIT^'OAT v TTEE •H ^> C o. .IIUIJITZ j Alii 4.L. j. i'v\l A^. . J_ j -•OUT —<- The above structure at the Village Level one! a moni- toring of all G.;-. ..ater Lluo^li.cs at wunual anci District levels should be urgaiiiseti. The M.-->.o, # at ttie llandal level arid the S.E'./D-D.O- at the district level could carry out the monitoring function. CHAPRTiSR - 13 vr,;aiji for titutigir The/ health personnel and the v;otaan and Child department per soimel. should be throughly exposed to the . prooleras in Rural v^ater Supply. 'Aiey should also acquire skills to deal with groups or people at village level. . i'ao J.A ./Or ca.uaittee should be exposed to regular training- and they in turn pa:; a on messages to groups in t':,z- villages/ during meeting of Hah i la i.a.ualc, youth dubs on other such* g_ro..pu. If this a...es not t~..;s place t;.o corruViittee v;ill remain a super s'tructure and .soon !oo- • coiae dormant. - Trainings Co-ordination raeetin.^s and exchange « t:> other coi.uaunities v;ill make it rev/arding and custainabililiy. Trainings- Co-ordination meetings visits to testing laos and inter district exchange visits be orgai.ised. is a non-notified Psnchayat population(lO:.C). It is aev^nue Village. The traditionaldcinkin^ v.ater /1llac_e'tank f.;d by a can^.1 - I KM a./,ay, Villac..- hc.s primary school. Th_- schtne was started in 1988. TECHNICAL: Th&re is a nsarshy (unused tank) area b-.twe^n th, £S tank and purrip house. An under cround aC Pipe (75 r,.trs) is laid :;cr.;$s the- marshy area and nearly touching it is the small intake -.vsll, The / FINANCIAL; Tlv. expense on v.ater supply is around "s.21,j00/- ilhout poi't-r charges-With electricity bill it v.ill be naar Es,40,000/- , At present the income is from ,the SO house connections Rs.9;' -0/- cnnui-.lly.. Greni Panchayat has an ir»coni;, of fc.39,257 annually. Op-r-Lu-' salary is Es.200/-. ' • ••" • ADI..lNIST;t..TIV2: The CP has only a part time clerk and the. -i...rater is j:sittirru-: and low paid. H. nee the GP Panchayat has lov,' .:.disiinistrative capacity. MQ bye-lav.s for .,at&r supply. COiVJ.:UMITY PAuTICIPATION; Generally people are not satisfied . ith >.ater supply. The main reasons are 1. The supply is irro^ular 2. Some P:;PS do not v.ork due to elevation and som.-> house connec- tions hove due; pits -f°v taps. The PSP supply is not sufficient. 3. • Filtration is poor - no chlorina- . tion. " :A* Due to the marsh .water being used - people think the \.ater is not .'•'•• cood. . Km t .i :.ch,Tla is a non-notified G.P. Population 2485. (SG ?CC). The viil x,e his 2 primary schools the traditional drinkin- ..at.,r bource is the village tank fed by canal (1/4 km only). There is a t.. n'.c •. stchman appointed by G.P. A Govt. paid full time cl^rk is pres...ir.. Thj i--tlS icheme was commissioned in 1988 at a cost ot '-J.D lakhs. It has 27 House connections and 24 PSPs (SC-10). TiCH*iICAl:r The filters are not v. orkin^. Direct raw v,.at<.-i: i.'Uir,pin FINANCIAL; The G.P. has sn income of Rs.40,000/- incomo f roni wat.;-r supply is '..27 v j.O x 12 = 3240/- per year. This is not suffici nt for chlorina- tl m and salaries. The electricity bills are not paid. AD'..Itvl3TiiATIVc: The G.P. has a full time cljrk.a Sweeper rn:l Cperator. Ih-re i.s sufficient administrative capacity. . ; CO:.'J-;U: : IT Y f .n. :L IC IP,- .TI CM; ThE: .om-n z.C rn-mbrrs a« not active .d urine, meeting; " • —— . . . j £n-; hTCj.SC i-articipatian is lv ••. The :.;. C p^opl; ac? dr'/iurv.'inc, better .«.s, ' C '••-•ri-_-2: tim--) (or ITIOI^ ta;js}. Ihr othc-r s-ctians i•:• .rrn t;> '. satisfied. : H.alth a.-ar-Tii-ss i ^ l^--« ,;«t.:r i'^ not filtered. CLEAH VJATEi SUBP * •' Alampuram is a notified G.P. Pop. 4,427(SC 685) the Village has high school, primary school and veterinary hospital and a FHC.sub-centre. The traditional drinking water source is the tank, the t ank;;is canal fed (adjacent) snd the pperator is also the tank watchmen. Alanpursni water ^chems is the oldest scheme in th-f?.:.f,c'ul commissioi; in 1975, it was built^Iocal contribution, LIC loan and cov.,rnmtnt.grant. Local contribution 9»,000 LIC loan ••••:•,.' ' ' i4,000 Govt. c,rant i, 60,000 Total: 3,20,000 lii G.P. is paying back the LIC loan and hss cliaied.JA out of 25 1 ;v insta m^nts. ' •• ••'• '• '•••;•••••••• ;\ •-••• ••• '':':•"'• :' "-;y-••••,.•,•'• ••.-•••;•/'••••:•.•-.• • •.•.•• • •• .-.•.••;,• • •• • i T.^Q.tLff.Q.-^. 2 typeyp s of filters are used, m^chanic^l and slow rand. The mochanical filteil r is preferred. The SSF sets choked often di.;a; to turbidit in water and the filter media has been reduced to speed up filtration. Th v.ster ccmint. out of the filter is inferior in quality to the .water from t wnchsnical filter. iVhen supply is started the OHSH empties in 20 mts. to 30 nts. Thus the Vv.S. l^sts for -Jhour rn-orning and 4-hour evening. There 600 house connections and 43 PSPs(SC-12). i-TWAr'CI.AI; XZJ drinkinc; v-ater cess, on house tax is levied." This and coil!action from the .house connections is the income from water supply. •Th: GP f_vi:>ral funds ore used in D/M of water supply. The Oporctor salary is : : : •v50/- p.r.;. • . ••';.•'•,' • •.••.-•:•.;••-••• •• • • •- • .••""•; ->:-- ;'v- •.•;•-;•.;••'• • >l".il r;i3T.:UV IV,.:. Tl. is notified G.P. has £xocutivij ' Office a^ staff. It hn ; Lv..-. .a. ,,-s; f.^;,v at&r - supply , "U;^ ;v.S. ••^:fcinl&tro.tiotvican •?.•: i^proved^Thtr • it r^jv^ial ::plit puoips jtt.;ch\JcJ to "ho u a- connection. \.; f ur ,!oes not r«;.cJi. t.'-: V ,:i'd Ko.fi. KiOPL^G *;A-;'|>.TICjl^'rj_OK^ The puoplc are net satisfied i ith V:v ;;.;••, they ha b.t,coi;i.~ cynical. Ti,-nc_- participation is difficult. KORUMILLI Korumilli is a non notified G.P. Population 1400 (SC 3M). The village has a primary school and a veterinary centre. The traditional drinking water source is the village tank. The tank is .. canal fcd(i/-' - km). Ther is a Watchmen i\ho is now acting* as tho Operator. The Scri.j;t:e is*complwted but not-handed over to G.P. though CP has started opsru-lin^ the scheme. .Ti-CHMIGAL: Th--* Scheme is functioning well. The water supply L:sts for 20 rnts, in the- morning and twenty minutes in the evsnin:. The £C colony people do not ret sufficient w*ittfr, They have 1 tap for 'TO families and in 20 rcts. 40 families are not 3ble to collect water. Thi/schdol children ^ also' drinkinr ra^v water as the school has no arranremonts to supply to children* Chlorinatiori is not don^. • FIKAMCIAL; The total expanses on water supply fur L year. will, be around . •'s.35,000/-. Though at present the GP spends only 150/- non'Ji on Operator. Tho total income from the J20H.C. will ba te.14,400/- tlu-rt will be- a deficit of >• " RS.SPOO/- year .-The GP vvill have to nvjot •this expense. AfSH: The'G.p. has' only a part time clerk. H^t.ce. cdndnistrative capacity is low. The G.P. has no.'bys-1'aws: for W.S. CO;/uViUr:lTy PAHTICIPATIQI;: Though the G.P. meets regularly, ..thy water prolpli'm-is not ^ priority. The; two MAoraen members do not' stt r,d rneyt;? tinei , si T.h>- -particip^ticn.of ^ ths s.C."Community: Is. slso.'-iov. .{ • 16PSP POMP Mudunuru is a non notified Gram Panchayat. Population 2116 (sc 2 Tn<:> SC Colony Arunciethipeta is 3 KM <*^ay. the Villr.cy hasupper- prima School and FHC centre. The traditional drinkinc wat^r source fs the •I village tenk and.-wv 11s. The tank is car.al fed(l KM) , There is a wat- U 3 men for the tank, Who is noi*. actins as Operator. The F.;3 is in April .1>'91. • ••' • . • '.. ECHNICAL:.;Th« Scheme is functioning well. Tho supply is 2 ir-s,/day Ju'ASG £olony Arundetipeta is 3 KM iway. /-rundathipcta is only *• w; Ch.Afjraharem. This colony should get water from ch .Atraharam.- There a heml.vt of Akuthiaalapadu(22 houses) adjacent to Mudunu^u/i;,Uc:unuru nas riven » house connections to these people snd a FSP in iVucunuru can b.i used ty them. But this has been objected by DPO. The Schoal has no rater connection and school children are drinkinc; raw wster f the villaye. tank. t -.-.: •••:•• • . FIKAKCIAL: The O/M cost ii ;.bout 40-, ZOO/ y. ar inc ludinc po:cr bill. r P VV bi 00 p ^ ^-S ° ^^ ,^^ (?°»(?»°//- )) ^^ exemptedxempted.. •" The incomi from VS iis iw -./. drinking v.-ater cess of about incomi from V..S. //. th hdrnking v.ater cess of about;. . IZi is collected xo^sther v.ith house t^-x but if further finance is to b> collected th ? ,pr^t^r/S tO h''nd ov-rthG collection to iVBO. The operator WE a la ry 1 S .1S./>DU/— . :.•.•'••' ••'••• • "' •••-•• ~ . * E: T e GP *} has; full; tim,. clerk and Operator; Th.ycan e scheme, for v%ater supply, :;:. • •-• Af P°pFf iOt"; TheSC Colony inside Mudunuto i^'i -2 FJPS? .;..;;.; more are requested. Tlw levtl of a.-aixW1 s and -••ns" ? owvnrship is lov; and ht-nce community must be educflC- . od. I'M l i M.i hi '., PiI\TAPADU VILLAGE(PHNTAPADU MANDAL) .• . v •;•••••..P-sntspadu is, a notified Gram .Panchayat >4th a population of .U, 887 (1981 census) SC Population "157.1. ' .. The vill^ce has two drinking water tanks connected to acricul-' tural canals(4 kms away). The tanks are protected from misuse by 2 watchmen. This ^ni open v,ells and ...a. few hand punps (shallovJ ElY) are the traditional source of water. • Thi P;/£ Schams v.as commissioned in 1939. lt•h^s nOO hju&o, conn..-ctions sr.d 55 public stand posts.. TiCHIIICAL: The- ;.S T^nk v.atar is oroenish in colour. 1 The slow sdnd filters havs becoms in<;fficiont ;!u;.' to .non-replac^nvsnt of sand scraped out. The v.atcr- supply, lests only for 20 rrts. and I-SP users do not get v;£ter. T.-- Tiiony nousi connections. The SC colony dj'zv, not (j;t t/v£tcr. They have durj pits. . I/CI.AL: Thc (jraii Pc-;nchay5t Should mobilise more funis.fo-- water supply. Eut people may not be willing to pay if w;.ter suppl is not improved. The operator is p^iJ Rs.45O/-. .-iD.'.'.Ii'ISTnATIVi: Grain F^nchayut has executive officer and st<"-ff ^nd oificj facilities, it has bya-lav.s for water supply. 0C;.'].l!KITY PA.'.TIGIFATICN: f.'.any people are not satisfied with the' quality »nc! quantity of wat.-r supply. They a^l; f^r more FSFs anc hotter quality wat«r. The SC Colony n -ircSs more PSF /."cny people transport water fron Tatiepa Hi^u-c-n iV.uriicipalit - "OHSH V 6o,ooo^'r to »\ 9' P5P- —-- is a non-notified GP. It has both primary end hie;h school. The traditional source of drinking Water is the opsn ''well, bore points(lO) and. the villace tank fed by canal - ^ kms away. Thd P.VS scheme was started in 1989 even today left incomplete in m-ny r&spects and not taken over by Gram Panchayat though the department looks on it v-is on- of the completed schemes. - . ••••,<•.? T2CHK1CAL: Tft«. GP has a n--,of complaints about the j.. Several leaks in this distribution system, one of i.hich is • ''•• ••• r.ojor." • '- ' '•'' ' ' •". '•:. •:';''::' • ' • ' • • ; •/••.'•" • . • \ 2. Tha scover of thi OHS.H is blocked. 3. The outlet valve of the.OHSH is not working. A. Not sufficient FtPs are installed. FINANCIAL: Ths 0/K snnual expenses way reach up to Hi.22,000/- •. ithout* •power bill and to 4 5,000/- v.lth power bill. The incora,- from v.elor suppl is 8*00/- per y^ar. Tha GP is v.illini to collect tarriff fror;. the villegt. Operator salary is $s.45Q/-. ADi.'.UaSTi-iATlV^: The- GP hss full time clerk and operator. Th,.y can administer the- sch;nu'. GP has no bye-lav.s for voter supply, C0.V;.;Ui;ilY 'KA^TICIPATIOW: Generally people sre not satisf i&cl •, ith the water supply. Reasons sre; • -'-. l\Bvt \:istei"'ahd (Bore well wstoi -little br^kiLh) .is .",:;-plied ty direct pumpint;. The v-.ator f,oes into the tank ^nT f'lc-v-.s ut (outlet VU'IVGS cannot. !/t- closed). JJO7 „::.' .'it thi tif.io of lc-y : rv..; ••r.-cility).- ' ;? nut u v.£tro of the /.oikinj of tlu, syst^n ani C/i._ cost. ' '...i.ipparru is ° notified Gram Panchayat v.ith population of •725(J9Bil consus) ZC 418. The villace has a hic.h school c.i:,;.' •' tie- i.i; i'jtaryy scho'ols. It has a harriltit-Oc'ceruc.udem I'KJV. aV.ay an;.' a colony Uppaxup-1-m i1- km from villace. .: PV.S Scheme was completed in April 1291 and not y-.t h ••; ver to th-3 Gram Psnchayat. T_CHi:iCAL: Ons of thw motors has already burnt and the cov!, .I' i •;, that tho motors axe <._,:.-.ttinc; he.atacUiip, though thi pumping iz only Tor 5 hours. ' rliv-.KCL-YL; The only income from ...au-r supply is the tariff fr om .100 house- connections. Gram i anchaya't hes no fin<..nc_ to ux•'.: rd the sch&me to the two -hamli'ts. Annual income of GP is 1676-i9/- «..;:• r...ior- p^.id b.500/~. COiVi,iUr-:i'fY#PAiHTICIPATICK: Gram'.panchcyat is the institution b, tt suit to maintain v.ater supply according to most, people . 7>u f J ..Oi'tUN; ^nly 25,j thinK that v.or/ian Can- man&ce v.ater sup,.*ly. V^: The Gram Psnchayot-.is notified and has n-,i.rh staff to sdn:inistfcr. It has byo- lav^s for >ater supply. tf STODj. it/\>*\ A VILLAGE liEVKh WATER STUDY,- PEKTAPADU MAN'DA,J WE3T_G0p/WARI ,DI SXRICT_ 27. Ratcaft Arrlvol meot Diotrict OffielM •- Saturday 23. Pent*:po<2u m«s«t K Development Sunday 29. Sunday. Monday 30. Visiti P»W.S.Sch«me. Tuesday 1. P.W.s.Scheme.. Wednaday 2. P.W.s.Sch-me. Thursday 3. Friday. 4. Went Vipf>arru P.w.s.Scheme. Saturday. 5. P.w.s.Sche. e. Sunday* 6. Holiday. Monday. 7. Mudunuru P.W.S.Sche.e. Tuesday. 8. wedn»d*y 9. V .K.S.Scheme. Thuroday. 10. P«W«S. ii Friday. 11. Office work. Saturday. 12. Second Saturday Sunday. 13. Holiday. Monday. 14. Vistii Tuesday. 15. , P.w.5.Scheme. Wednsday 16. P.W.S.Scheme •»•.«, . - th to 27 th N.A,p.work at Hyderabad - Nalg»nd«. Monday. 26. Viaitt Chintapolli (C) Tuesday. 29. DBroiparru * (C) Umamaheav.'Qram (C) Wednsday 30. B,Kondep*du, RamachundrQpurQm (D) Thursday. 31. (D) 1* Ti» Hyderabad - Report preparation 2nd N«v«nber t» 7th preparation end initialisation of Report. LIST OF PHIiSONS AND OHG/J-IISATIONS A'iET IN WEST GODAVAHI ' DISTRICT BY VLWM - SUTDY TE.: . I. P.R.E.D - Super-intending Engineer - Eluru . 2.. P.E.D. - Executive Engineers - Eluru-Narsapur- Kovvur 3. Dy.Executive Engineer- Ganapavaram-Tadepalligudem. •4. District Collector - West Godayari. 5. District Development Officer -West Godavari* 6. District"Accountant. 7. District Panchayat 8. Mandal Praja Parishad - President - Pendapadu. ?. Mandal Development Officer- Pentapadu. . 10, District Director - Woman and Child Welfare department, II. District Medical and,Health Officer* .'••> •• . , .• • • . • • 12. District Planning Officer. - ' ' LIDT OF HLFIHENCE uUCUTitNTS " ' ,.* " • • " . 1. Mndhra Pradesh Gram -Panchayat Act 1964 ; " /. ' 2. Evaluation of Hyral Water Supply cirucess sandy IRC.198 5 3. Mdhiaying success in community u;ator supply & Sanitation. p SCArta _ Regionpl H0Qith apers - 9. 4. Self evaluation r_ idoas on participatory evaluation of ~~ rural community development projects. World Neighbour Publication - 19C6 ;••; 5. lJuide lines for planning community ^ ' ~ Participation ac tivi tic s 'in water supply and sanitation pr ajec ts Anne nhy t8. »»H0 Off set Publication r 6. ^ocio Economic unit publications NAP.Kerala. 7. fani Panchsyat = NAP.Gujarat. 8 ,C ginmuxix-ty-VJater Supply & Sanitation ,i WHU/_Wb/8 9 .5 Vol.1 & II. ; 9, Minimum Evaluation ^rograroma loo 15 «s S, ^tfTocS, feg 3on 150 Jr b N A..D U^ i 0. i964 54 (VIII) SSOOO *" a£a»o-»i£ S L6 I CO . 3. ^ Hi i' r.'o r; o fa. 5-00 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. oaa 6e;k>& ioo- ScSflsr-aS 24 16. OJ ej 17- J" ocr* 18 1). . e f"» 20. >.. 8-00 >. 6-00 1_3 to-^j 1-5 # 21. 50-00 . 15-00 - lot- COpf _OP:_ ' , OF AWUK . ' Momo.No. i0219iA"otf;.IV/Ort-1 dated 0.1.09 • * m . • 3.nt>:- Estflb'Lioh'n«nt - Gram r.nnchoy at s - Appointment of Labour on contract baaio - I nwtructi ona i^suod. • 1'tof :_1) VJ practice of employing p^opio on fMR basia d^ily , j hi\3 bi'M'n 'l-saultinE in £rndu-il ov'r nmnning in tho j Gov^mniont ompl oymc" nt and furth« r pr"'a.'iurof? for ro^uljbam— • | tion. Koopin.'* in vi^w the n'-'f-d to restrict tho wagv.1 bill of. •. j tho atai'f no fia to utn Ino the maximum rouourcoa for ffuvn- \ • j lopmc-ntal acfi viti'.'a, Oram Panch.ny n.to ?ro horoby pormittod . | to let out tho swiping o±' ro.-i'l.-j, clo,n.nlns of oido druino : maintvinancu of wntor .viup-ply, oii; ctvlclty and acavCn(ring on ' • ; .• ; • •couti'vict bn.ni':r tii1-^ Cln/; tlT' o xporkl Itur i on the* contract from out of th^ir own fundu if UK (it-iff iva:llnhj.o nro nob rvlu- qur\tu to 'jopy with thu w> i'li Inv'i'i. vi.'d ; n'" IA r tn\iir\/z pi'T'inl .i.ml u\\ 1 rum tho JIM t»'l ot PMnol'1'V.y:it 01. J'ic-ji1. J)1 .'iti'lat P'l.nch^y nt • OJ'f ic-r.'j v/l.ll ficrutluiJw nuoli pr0pO3n.la tc^vplng in vlow tho j pr^tu.nt dirv ctiono uf th>. Gow'rruii^nt riot to faxcdeid tho t^gti- ! bliahi.'i'-nt cost beyond 30^> of the income, and givo «x^KMcl±-tcirx •jxjwdl tlouu civ.-M'l.n^u v/fi.il1; d->in,'i DO, ci.ru ahould bo t.olcun to cur-u nionopuliij tic t>- n i'.'.ri.u}% . ' ' , rr'onn^»\l!.5 for n>kl 1 tio»i-*l »tn,t'f /NMVt omploym-'nt/d illy wogo • nt will not b'. oonoi Hoc, No. Tyj/uy. A/I.ptu. W' at Godnv-..rl Colloctornto( pt.. Wing) jijuru, <->.Mtcd: 26.1.89 , Ojpy of thn Offj. ccrw (rtn) in thu district - They should can- '•• To keep the facility simple and robust. the treatment lines are of the variable i-traitements et valorisation Mobile water-treatment plant water sevel type. No outlet regulator or cbgging compen- sator is required, thus avoiding extra maintenance. • If preference is given to the installation of a regulator for plants of larger capacity it is primarily to reduce total filter height. and consequently the cost of the civil works, a drawback that the use of CLA- RIBLOC avoids. In the same light, the filter medium con- sisting of regular grain-size quartz is backwashed exclusively. This washing method consumes more water than for simultaneous backwash and air-scour but in compensation it also offers the great advantage of being extremely simple. In certain cases CLARIBLOC can also be fitted with booster pumps for air scour as an extra supply. A standard range of treated-water tanks has also been designed with capacities CB1 CB2 CB3 CB4 CBS that are carefuily adapted to the CLARJ- BLOC flow rate. Bow rate mVh 12 17 25 38 50 Jphese metai or plastic tanks can be used Clearance A (m) 2,53 3.32 4,71 6,44 8,13 Igto avoid the necessity of building reser- i *voirs, particularly in the case of tempo- rary waterworks or places that are of dif- ficult access, The water-treatment engineer is fre- be capable of meeting such demanding quently faced with particular problems conditions as : Principle that may be difficult to soive. In order to obtain the safest treatment • short-term availability, possible, CLARIBLOC was purposely Mostly concerned are the smaller types - rugged construction, designed according to the same criteria of plant being buili in places where con- as a traditional plant functioning en the ditions are not easy, eg. : • easy transportation and installation. principle of « rapid filtration • or, in • a country where qualified labour is other words, dari-flocculation followed • easy commissioning and running by filtration. rare and especially workers trained in conditions, water treatment techniques, A sequence combining these three forms • operating safety obtained by sizing the of treatment is the only way to solve the • a site that is difficult to reach, plant so as to leave sufficient margins for most complex of the cases mentioned safety, » repairs to obsolete or ailing plant above. • minimum maintenance. « holiday-season saturation of certain The CLARIBLOC is eminently suitable plants and the necessity to level the peak for smaller utilities designed to supply Ot\7 consumptions. Prefabricaten is the only way to cope townships of up to approx. 10,000 i i with such conditions, without forgetting inhabitants. traitements et valorisation • potable water must be supplied in that the units must aiso be adaptable to "Le Doublon" 11,avenue Dubonnet- 92407 Courbevoie Cedex - France exceptionally critical circumstances, the treatment of ali-quaiity waters. The safety margins adopted when sizing such as national disaster. the different parts of the CLARIBLOC Tel. + 33 (1)774.46.64 et + 33 (1)774.48.84-Teiex 610 521 F et 611 494 F This was what ied !o the invention of the are designed to meet all ;he surface Only standard-unit designs can comply CLARIBLOC a covnpSetc. sei!- water characteristics usually with thesd requirements and they must jiippor1;nti ^nd mobile treatment plant. an countered. A conLvmvdLion rj:;-!- ' iocafed undc: Main characteristics the rnnielLcL moouK- MDS thicken vsy Operating scheme sludge thai is d:scl;^^ Fv;3 a lonaiiudi- nal perforated pipe ^ FLASH MIX FLOCCULATIOH SETTLEMENT FILTRATION The end of this pipe which is outside the The capacity of the apparatus is such as Bearing in mind the application ot this apparatus, is fitted with an automatic to require a contact time of only a tew kind o: plant, we chose a simple and vak-e controlled by a seftable time minutes in order to obtain a perfect mix reliable settlement method, i.e.. static device. of the coagulant, possibly a fiocculation settlement as installed in numerous aid and any oiher reagents with the raw- water treatment plants throughout the water. world. Filtration finishes off the clarification pro- A (lash-mixer makes a perfectly homo- To make the CLARfBLOC even more cess by fixing the finesi of the floe parti- geneous solution. compact and more easily transportable it cles that have not been deposited on the was fitted with counter-current type settlement units. I' - Floccuiadon lamella modules. To prevent this floe from getting through A contact time of twenty minutes has Each space between the lamellae is in the filtering medium the best course is to been arranged to get a maximum fioc fact a smalt settlement tank of which the prevent it from breaking up. size from the massing of the coagulated characteristic clarifying surface is provi- Treatment lines in which the settled colloidal particles. ded by the horizontal projection of the water is pumped before being filtered surface area of each lamella. To facilitate cohesion of the floepanicle s under pressure must be systematically avoided. in formation, vertical baffle plates are In this way a very high sludge-retention judiciously positioned in the fiocculation capacity is provided in a small volume. vessel so that the storing speed gradually For this reason we have adopted filtra- decreases. The Hazen velocity taken in designing tion in open-air tanks which also makes the CLARIBLOC is exceptionally low- it easier to check the filter washing This entirely hydraulic and perfectly tes- under 1 m/h. operation. ted system is just as satisfactory as mobile blades or turbines, providing the The sludge deposited on each lamella Each CLARIBLOC comprises two fifeer transiting flow rate does not seriously slides down the latter as a result of the lanks that confer excellent operating differ from the nominal value. slope chosen. safety on the facility as a whole. cularly difficult to deal with it may be Hasuits obtained. necessary to use a floccuiatjon aid. Further cases may occur for which the With CLARIBLOC, raw water from the Depending on the nature of the raw- UNIRAC system, complementary to the usual ground or surface resources can be water, the reagents used for its treatment CLARIBLOC, was designed. used to produce water for human con- will vary in kind and in number. sumption that compfies with all French Mounted on a skid base, it carries all the and international potability standards. apparatus required for the use of rea- For instance, a given tye of water may gents that can be combined in different Of course the parameters of the initial simply need the use of a coagulant and a ways. raw-water must be such that it responds disinfectant while others may need trea- to the traditional clarification methods. ting with an oxidizing and/or a neutrali- zing reagent. The skid base also carries CLARD3LOC Should there be any special pollution operating appurtenances, i.e. the filter hazard, adequate additions to the stan- washing pump and the main electric dard facility will be made. If the quality of the water makes it parti- control panel.